Title of Invention

A NETWORK-INITIATED AREA EVENT TRIGGERED POSITIONING METHOD IN A MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Abstract A network-initiated area event triggered positioning method for a roaming terminal in a session -based position information system is disclosed. Network-initiation of area-based positioning of a roaming terminal is discriminated according to a proxy mode and a non-proxy mode, and area-based positioning for the roaming terminal is performed in various manners according to whether an SLP for performing the positioning procedure with respect to the discriminated modes is a V SLP or an H-SLP.
Full Text Description
NETWORK-INITIATED AREA EVENT TRIGGERED PO-
SITIONING METHOD FOR ROAMING TERMINAL IN MOBILE
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Disclosure of Invention
Technical Solution
[1] The present invention relates to a mobile communication system and, more par-
ticularly, to a network-initiated area event triggered positioning method for a roaming
terminal in a session-based position information system.
[2] In a mobile communication system a function part for calculating a position of a
terminal is included in a mobile communication network to provide a location service
for transferring a location of a terminal to a certain entity periodically or according to a
user request. A network structure related to the location service varies depending on an
internal network structure such as 3GPP or 3GPP2, etc.
[3] Methods for calculating the position of the terminal in the mobile communication
system include a cell-ID method in which an id of a cell to which the terminal belongs
is transferred, a method in which time taken for radiowaves to arrive at each base
station from the terminal is measured and then the position of the terminal is calculated
by using triangulation, and a method using GPS.
[4] In order to provide the location service to a user by using the position calculating
methods, considerable signaling and position information should be transferred
between the mobile terminal and a position server. Thus, recently, standardized po-
sitioning technologies for providing the location service, namely, the location services
based on the position of the mobile terminal, are widely adopted. The positioning
technologies can be provided through a user plane and a control plane, and the SUPL
(Secure User Plane location) that provides the location service through the user plane
is a typical example of the technologies.
[5] The SUPL, which is effective for transferring position information required for
calculating the position of the mobile terminal, transfers position assistance in-
formation such as GPS assistance and uses a user plane data bearer in order to
transport positioning technology-related protocols between the mobile terminal and the
network.
[61 In general, in the position information system, a location service-related SUPL
network includes a SUPL agent, an SLP (SUPL Location Platform) and an SET (SUPL
Enabled Terminal). The SUPL agent indicates a logical service access point that uses
actually measured position information, and the SLP indicates an SUPL service access

point of the network that accesses network resources to obtain position information.
[7] The SET is a device that communicates with the SUPL network using the SUPL
interface, which can be, for example, a UE (User Equipment) of a UMTS, an MS
(Mobile Station) of GSM, an IS-95 MS, or a laptop computer or a PDA having the
SET function. The SET can be also various other types of mobile terminals that are
connected through a WLAN.
[8] The SET supports procedures defined in the SUPL by interworking with the network
through the user plane bearer. In this case, the network to which the user had initially
registered may be called a home network, and the network of an area where the user
moves into from the home network area may be called a visited network. An SLP of
the home network may be called an H-SLP (Home-SLP) and an SLP of the visited
network may be called a V-SLP (Visited-SLP). When the SUPL procedure starts in the
network, an SLP to which an external client is first connected may be called an R-SLP
(Requesting SLP). The R-SLP can be a logical entity which is the same as the H-SLP
or not. The SET for current positioning can be defined as the target SET.
[9] The SLP, a network element includes an SPC (SUPL Positioning Center) that
calculates an actual location and an SLC (SUPL Location Center) that performs other
roles of the SLP that calculates the position information, namely, roaming and resource
management, etc. Thus, the SET may calculate the position information through com-
munication with the SPC via the SLC (proxy mode) or calculate the position in-
formation by being immediately connected with the SPC (non-proxy mode).
[10] However, although the related art provides the immediate positioning method based
on the SUPL, it fails to propose area-based, area-related or area event triggered po-
sitioning for the SUPL-based roaming terminal.
[ll] Therefore, in order to address the above matters the various features described herein
have been conceived. One aspect of the exemplary embodiments is to provide a
network-initiated area event triggered positioning method for a roaming terminal based
on an SUPL capable of allowing a roaming terminal to be positioned effectively in
various manners.
[ 12] This specification provides a network-initiated area event triggered positioning
method for a roaming terminal in a mobile communication system that may include:
sending, by a first server, a session initiation message for initiating a trigger session to
the roaming terminal; receiving a session start message from the roaming terminal;
requesting area ids related to area-based (area-related or area event-triggered) po-
sitioning from a second server and obtaining area ids; sending a session response
message including at least a trigger parameter to the roaming terminal; receiving a po-
sitioning initiation message from the roaming terminal and transferring it to the second
server; receiving a calculated position value of the roaming terminal from the second

server and transferring the received position value to the roaming terminal; and
providing the calculated position value received from the roaming terminal to an agent.
[13] The first server may send the area ids obtained from the second server to the roaming
terminal through the session response message. The first sever can be an H-SLP and
the second server can be a V-SLP.
[14] This specification also provides a network-initiated area event triggered positioning
method for a roaming terminal in a mobile communication system that may include:
sending, by a first server, a session initiation message for initiating a trigger session to
the roaming terminal; receiving a session start message from the roaming terminal;
requesting area ids related to area-based (area-related or area event-triggered) po-
sitioning from a second server and obtaining area ids; sending a session response
message including at least a trigger parameter to the roaming terminal; receiving a po-
sitioning initiation message from the roaming terminal; performing, by the first server,
a positioning procedure with the roaming terminal and sending a calculated position
value of the roaming terminal to the roaming terminal; and providing the calculated
position value received from the roaming terminal to an agent.
[1 5] The first server may send the area ids obtained from the second server to the roaming
terminal through the session response message.
[16] This specification also provides a network-initiated area event triggered positioning
method for a roaming terminal in a mobile communication system that may include:
receiving, by the roaming terminal, a session initiation message for initiating a trigger
session from a first server; sending a session start message to the first server; receiving
a session response message including at least a trigger parameter from the first server;
sending a positioning initiation message to the first server; receiving a measured
position value with respect to the roaming terminal from the first server; comparing the
received measured position value and a position value included in the trigger parameter
to check whether an area event trigger condition is met; and sending, by the roaming
terminal, the measured position value to the first server when the area event trigger
condition is met.
[17] The roaming terminal may receive area ids related to area-based positioning from the
first server through the session response message.
[18] This specification also provides a network-initiated area event triggered positioning
method for a roaming terminal in a mobile communication system that may include:
sending, by a first server, a session initiation message for initiating a trigger session to
the roaming terminal; receiving a session start message including parameters related to
setting at least a security session from the roaming terminal; requesting, by the first
server, area ids related to area-based (area-related or area event-triggered) positioning
from a third server via a second server and obtaining area ids; sending a session

response message including at least a trigger parameter and the address of the third
server to the roaming terminal; receiving a calculated position value with respect to the
roaming terminal from the roaming terminal and providing the position value to an
agent.
[19] The first server may send the obtained area ids to the roaming terminal through the
session response message. The first sever can be an H-SLC, the second server can be a
V-SLC, and the third server can be a V-SPC.
[20] This specification also provides a network-initiated area event triggered positioning
method for a roaming terminal in a mobile communication system that may include:
sending, by a first server, a session initiation message for initiating a trigger session to
the roaming terminal; receiving a session start message including parameters related to
setting at least a security session from the roaming terminal; requesting, by the first
server, area ids related to area-based (area-related or area event-triggered) positioning
from a second server and obtaining area ids; sending, by the first server, a session
response message including at least a trigger parameter and the address of the third
server to the roaming terminal; and receiving a calculated position value with respect
to the roaming terminal from the roaming terminal and providing the position value to
an agent.
[21] The first server may send the obtained area ids to the roaming terminal through the
session response message. The first sever can be an H-SLC, the second server can be a
V-SLC, and the third server can be an H-SPC.
[22] This specification also provides a network-initiated area event triggered positioning
method for a roaming terminal in a mobile communication system that may include:
receiving, by the roaming terminal, a session initiation message for initiating a trigger
session from a first server; sending a session start message including parameters
related to at least a security session to the first server; receiving a session response
message including at least a trigger parameter and the address of a second server from
the first server; sending, by the roaming terminal, a positioning initiation message to
the second server; performing, by the roaming terminal, a positioning procedure by
setting a security session with the second server by using the security session-related
parameters; receiving a measured position value with respect to the roaming terminal
from the second server; comparing, by the roaming terminal, the received measured
position value and a position value included in the trigger parameter to check whether
an area event trigger condition is met; and providing, by the roaming terminal, the
measured position value to the first server when the area event trigger condition is met.
[23] The roaming terminal may receive area ids related to area-based positioning from the
first server through the session response message.
[24] The first server may obtain the area ids from the second server via a third server and

provide them to the roaming terminal. In this case, the first server is an H-SLC, the
second server is a V-SPC, and the third server is a V-SLC.
[25] In addition, the first server may obtain the area ids from the third serer and provide
them to the roaming terminal. In this case, the first server is the H-SLC, the second
server is an H-SPC, and the third server is the V-SLC.
[26] The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present
invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the
present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[27] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding
of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification,
illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to
explain the principles of the invention.
[28] In the drawings:
[29] FIG. 1 is a network-initiated area event triggered positioning method according to a
first exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
[30] FIG. 2 is a network-initiated area event triggered positioning method according to a
second exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
[31] FIG. 3 is a network-initiated area event triggered positioning method according to a
third exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and
[32] FIG. 4 is a network-initiated area event triggered positioning method according to a
fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[33] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail.
[34] The present invention is implemented in an SUPL network, and without being
limited thereto, the present invention can be also applicable to any wireless com-
munication system that may be operated according to a different specification.
[35] In the present invention, in a session-based position information system, when a
server and a terminal manage positioning-related trigger information, an area event
triggered positioning procedure with respect to a terminal which has roamed to a
visited network (in case where the terminal moves into a particular position, con-
tinuously exists in a particular area, or moves out of the particular area) is provided.
[36] In the area event triggered positioning, a home network requests area id(s) set for the
area-based positioning from the visited network, obtains area id(s), and provides the
obtained area id(s) to the roaming terminal (namely, a target SET).
[37] In the area-based (area-related or area event-triggered) positioning, the roaming
terminal is not continuously positioned but it is first checked whether the roaming
terminal has approached a particular area (requested area or an event area), and when
the roaming terminal has approached the particular area, the roaming terminal po-
sitioning procedure starts. The roaming terminal determines whether to start or not the

positioning procedure according to whether a positioning start condition is met or not.
The positioning start condition being met means that the roaming terminal is near (or
has approached) an area (e.g., a particular area, a requested area, or an event area) that
is specified in the area event trigger condition information.
[38] When the calculated actual position of the roaming terminal is in an area specified in
the area event trigger condition information (namely, when the area event trigger
condition is met), the roaming terminal determines that the area event has occurred and
sends the calculated position value to a client (terminal or an agent included in a
network).
[39] Here, the occurrence of the area event refers to the confirmation as to whether the
terminal has moved into the particular area, moves out of the area, or exists in the area.
[40] In general, the positioning service provided in the SUPL-based position information
system is classified into a network-initiated case and a SET-initiated case.
[41] In addition, the SUPL-based positioning service is discriminated in a proxy mode in
which the H-SLP of the home network is operated as a proxy so the positioning
procedure is performed between the position server and a roaming SET necessarily
through the H-SLP, and a non-proxy mode in which the H-SLP is operated in a non-
proxy mode so the positioning procedure is performed directly between the position
server and the roaming SET without going through the H-SLP. Here, the position
server can be the H-SLP or the V-SLP.
[42] Types of services can be divided (classified) according to whether the H-SLP (or H-
SPC) or the V-SLP (or the V-SPC) performs the positioning function for calculating
the position of the roaming SET, when the network initiates a service.
[43] In the present disclosure, for the case where the network initiates a service, four
exemplary embodiments will be described according to whether or not the proxy mode
is used and the position server being an SLP of which particular network.
[44] First, network-initiated area event triggered positioning method for the roaming
terminal according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention will now
be described.
[45] FIG. 1 is a network-initiated area event triggered positioning method according to the
first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, showing a roaming case, a
network-initiated case, a V-SLP positioning case and the proxy mode. Namely, the
SET (namely, target SET) is the roaming SET which has roamed to the visited network
to which the V-SLP belongs, the V-SLP performs the positioning function (namely, the
V-SLP is operated as the position server), and the H-SLP uses the proxy mode.
[46] As shown in FIG. 1, when an area-based positioning is requested from an external
LCS (Location Services) client, the SUPL agent sends an MLP (Mobile Location
Protocol) TLRR (Triggered Location Reporting Request) message to the H-SLP in

order to request an area-based positioning service (area event trigger service) (step
S10).
[47] The MLP TLRR message includes parameters such as ms-id, client-id, QoP and
tlrr_event, etc. The ms-id indicates a target SET, and the client-id indicates an id of the
SUPL agent. The QoP indicates precision degree of positioning (temporal delay and
spatial precision). The tlrr_event is a positioning related trigger parameter and can be
various information regarding positioning related condition information such as a
change_area type of area-based positioning (whether the roaming terminal moves into
a particular area, moves out of the particular area, or is located in the particular area,
etc.), the particular area (the name of the particular area or precise position value), and
the like.
[48] When there are several types of positioning values or when there are several requests
for positions, the MLP TLRR message may include a parameter, or the like, for setting
priority with respect to each request for positions.
[49] Upon receiving the MLP TLRR, the H-SLP authenticates the SUPL agent and checks
if the SUPL agent is authorized for the service it requests, based on the client-id.
[50] In addition, the H-SLP may apply a subscriber privacy function to the SUPL agent
based on the received ms-id.
[51] The H-SLP verifies that the target SET (referred to as 'SET' hereinafter) supports
SUPL by using a SET look-up table, and also verifies that the SET is currently SUPL
roaming (step S11).
[52] When the SET supports the SUPL and is currently roaming, the SLP sends an SUPL
INIT message to the SET to start an area event triggered session with the SET (step
SI2). The SUPL INIT message can be transmitted through a WAP (Wireless Ap-
plication Protocol) Push, an SMS (Short Message Service) trigger, an SIP (Session
Initiation Protocol) Push, an UDP/IP, etc.
[53] The SUPL INIT message may contain a session-ID, a trigger type indicator (e.g.,
area event), an SLP mode (proxy/non-proxy mode indicator), and an intended po-
sitioning method parameter.
[54] Before performing the step S11, the H-SLP may verify (check) privacy of the SET,
and in this case, if notification or verification to the target subscriber (user) is needed,
the H-SLP may also include a notification parameter (notification element) in the
SUPL INIT message.
[55] As the H-SLP sends the SUPL INIT message including the trigger type indicator, the
SET can be aware that the area-based positioning has been currently requested through
the trigger type parameter included in the received SUPL INIT message.
[56] Upon receiving the SUPL INIT message, if the SET is not already attached or
establish a circuit switched data connection with a network, the SET establishes a data

connection with a packet data network (3GPP or 3GPP2) (step S13).
[57] In addition, in order to determine if the H-SLP uses the proxy mode or the non-proxy
mode, the SET checks an SLP mode parameter contained in the SUPL INIT message.
When the SLP mode parameter indicates the proxy mode, the SET determines that the
H-SLP uses the proxy mode and establishes a secure IP (Internet Protocol) connection
to the H-SLP. In this case, the IP connection is established to the SET using the
address of the H-SLP that has been provisioned by the home network.
[58] When the data connection is established, the SET sends a SUPL TRIGGERED
START message to the H-SLP operating as the proxy in order to start an area event
triggered session (step SI4). The SUPL TRIGGERED START message contains at
least session-ID, lid (location identifier) and SET capability information. The lid is an
identifier of a current position of the SET and indicates an id of a cell in which the SET
is currently located.
[59] When the SUPL TRIGGERED START message is received, the H-SLP determines
the V-SLP based on the lid included in the SUPL TRIGGERED START message. And
then, the H-SLP sends an RLP (Roaming Location Protocol) TSRLRR (Triggered
Standard Roaming Location Reporting Request) message including the SUPL
TRIGGERRED START message to the V-SLP to inform the V-SLP that the target
SET will initiate a SUPL positioning procedure (step SI5).
[60] The H-SLP should include area-ids request indicator parameter and a tlrr_event
parameter which was contained in the MLP TLRR message in the step S10 (namely,
parameters related to the area event trigger such as the area information requested by
the SUPL agent), in the SUPL TRIGGERD START message.
[61 ] By sending the RLP TSRLRR message, the H-SLP requests area ids used for the area
event triggered session from the V-SLP.
[62] Upon receiving the RLP TSRLRR message, the V-SLP determines a positioning
method (posmethod) to be used for the area event triggered session from the SET ca-
pabilities included in the RLP TSRLRR message. And, the V-SLP sends an RLP
TSRLRA (Triggered Standard Roaming Location Reporting Answer) message
including SUPL TRIGGER RESPONSE message information to the H-SLP in order to
inform the H-SLP about its readiness for an area event triggered session.
[63] The V-SLP also checks the area ids request indicator included in the RLP TSRLRR
message. If area ids are requested by the H-SLP, the V-SLP should include area ids
corresponding to the areas for the area event triggered session in the SUPL TRIGGER
RESPONSE message and then send an RLP TSRLRA message including the SUPL
TRIGGER RESPONSE message information (step Sl6).
[64] The H-SLP forwards the received SUPL TRIGGER RESOPNSE message including
session-ID, the positioning method (posmethod) and the trigger parameters

(trigger-Params) to the SET.
[65] The trigger parameters indicate trigger condition information related to the area event
trigger for positioning.
[66] For example, the trigger parameter may contain trigger condition information
indicating the change_area type of the area event and a particular area (or an event
area). The change_area type of the area event (it can be referred to lie change_area
type related to area-based positioning or the change_area type related to area event
triggered positioning) may indicate whether the roaming terminal is moved into the
particular area, moved out of the particular area, or is located in the particular area. The
particular area may include at least one of the name of an administrative district, the
name of an area, and latitude and longitude of a particular position.
[67] The H-SLP may selectively include the area ids or location identifiers (lids) of the
specified area for the area event triggered session in the SUPL TRIGGER RESPONSE
message (step S17).
[68] Preferably, the area ids can be information indicating a location area in the actual
network such as ids of cells belonging to the area required for positioning by the SUPL
agent, a mobile country code (MCC), a mobile network code (MNC) or a location area
code (LAC), etc., or a primary scrambling code number. In particular, in case of the
WCDMA, the area ids may correspond to the primary scrambling code number.
[69] And then, H-SLP informs the SUPL agent in an MLP TLRA (Triggered Location
Reporting Answer) message that the triggered location response request has been
accepted (step SI8).
[70] The H-SLP includes a request id parameter (req_id) of the MLP TLRA message to
be used as a transaction id for the entire duration of the area event triggered session.
[71 ] Thereafter, the SET may release the secure IP connection with the H-SLP.
[72] When the area id (or area ids) is/are received in the SUPL TRIGGER RESPONSE
MESSAE, the SET checks whether the positioning session start condition is met.
[73] For example, whether the positioning session start condition is met or not can be
checked by comparing the current area id of the SET and area ids received from the H-
SLP.
[74] Namely, the SET compares the current area id (namely, the ID of the cell in which
the SET is currently located) and the received area ids (namely, the received cell ids) to
check whether there is the same area id.
[75] When the change_area type of the area event included in the trigger parameters
(trigger_params) indicates that SET moves into the particular area or in the particular
area and at least one of the received area ids is identical to the current area id of the
SET, the SET starts the positioning session. That is, when at least one of the received
area ids is identical to the current area id of the SET, the SET determines that the po-

sitioning session start condition is met.
[76] When the change_area type of the area event indicates that the SET moves out of the
particular area and the received area ids and the current area id of the SET are not
identical, the SET determines that the positioning session start condition is met.
[77] The comparison of the current area id to the received area ids or the area event
trigger in the SET indicates that a position fix has to be performed. Namely, the SET
verifies its substantial position and checks whether it has approached to the area
requested by the SUPL agent. Accordingly, the position of the SET is not always
calculated (trackedO but when the SET is determined to have approached to the
requested area, the SET informs that the positioning session should start and the
position server (in this case, the V-SLP) starts to calculate the position of the SET.
[78] When it is verified that the positioning session start condition is met by comparing
the area ids, the SET recognizes that it has currently approached to the requested are
and sends an SUPL POSINIT message to the H-SLP to initiate the positioning session
(that may be called a position calculation session) (step S19). The SUPL POS INIT
message contains at least session-ID and the current area id of the SET. Here, if the
SET is not already attached or establishes a circuit switched data connection, it
attaches itself to the packet data network and sends the SUPL POS [NTT message to
the H-SLP to start the positioning session with the V-SLP.
[79] The H-SLP serving as the proxy forwards the received SUPL POST INIT message to
the V-SLP performing the positioning function using an RLP SSRP message (step
S20).
[80] Upon receiving the RLP SSRP message, if a position value (e.g., the cell id)
calculated based on information received in the RLP SSRP message is available that
meets the required QoP, the V-SLP may directly proceed to step S22, omitting the step
S21. If the calculated position value (cell id) does not meet the required QoP, the V-
SLP proceeds to the step S21. Thus, it can be noted that the cell id-based positioning
method is not used in the step S21.
[81] The SET and the V-SLP may exchange several successive message for performing
actual positioning through the H-SLP to calculate the position of the SET (step S21).
Preferably, the messages exchanged between the V-SLP and the SET contain the
session-ID and protocols (RRLP, RRC or TIA-801), etc., to be used for the po-
sitioning. The V-SLP calculates the position estimate based on the positioning mea-
surements received from the SET (SET-assisted mode), or the SET calculates the
position estimate based on assistance obtained from the V-SLP (SET-based mode), In
the first exemplary embodiment as shown in FIG. 1, the calculation of the position is
performed in the SET-assisted mode, the V-SLP sends the calculated position result
(posresult) in an SUPL REPORT message to the SET via the H-SLP (steps S22 and

S23). When the calculation of the position is performed in the SET-based mode, the
SUPL REPORT message is not necessary.
[82] When the position result of the SET is received from the V-SLP via the H-SLP, the
SET compares the calculated position estimate and a position value of the particular
area (event area) specified in the trigger parameter to check if the area event trigger
condition has been met, namely, whether the area event has occurred.
[83] Upon comparison, when the position result of the SET is not identical to the position
value specified in the trigger parameter, the SET determines that the area event trigger
condition has not been met (namely, the area event has not occurred) (step S24) and
proceeds back to the step S19 to send the SUPL POS EMIT message again to the V-
SLP via the H-SLP (steps S19 and S20).
[84] If, however, the position estimate of the SET is identical to the position value
specified in the trigger parameter (namely, when the area event has occurred) (step
S24), the SET sends the SUPL REPORT message to the H-SLP (step S25). The SUPL
REPORT message contains the calculated position estimate received from the V-SLP
and the session ID.
[85] The H-SLP sends the calculated position estimate of the SET and the requested id
(req-id) in an MLP TLREP message to the SUPL agent (step S26).
[86] When a response to the positioning report requested by the SUPL agent is sent, the
SET waits for a certain time.
[87] And then, the SET repeats the steps S19 to S26 or the steps S19 toS24 depending on
if the area event condition is fulfilled or not (step S27).
[88] When the last report of the reports required by the SUPL agent has been sent, the H-
SLP sends an SUPL END message to the SET to inform the SET that the positioning
session has been ended. Then, the SET and the V-SLP release all the resources related
to the positioning session, respectively (step S28).
[89] In the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention as illustrated in FIG. 1,
when the network initiates the positioning service, the V-SLP having the positioning
function wants to check (calculate) the area-based position of the roaming SET, the
roaming SET and the V-SLP establish the area event triggered session via the H-SLP
operating as the proxy and calculate the area-based position of the roaming SET.
[90] An area-based positioning method according to the second exemplary embodiment of
the present invention will now be described.
[91] FIG. 2 is a network-initiated area event triggered positioning method according to a
second exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[92] In the area-based positioning method according to the second exemplary embodiment
of the present invention, a roaming case, a network-initiated case, an H-SLP po-
sitioning case and a proxy mode are implemented. Compared with the first exemplary

embodiment of the present invention, the H-SLP has the positioning function in the
second exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[93] In the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an area event
triggered session is established in the same manner as that (steps S10 to SI8) of the
first exemplary embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 (A-I).
[94] When a positioning session start condition is met, the SET (roaming SET) sends an
SUPL POS INIT message containing at least current area id (lid) and a SET id (ms id)
to the H-SLP serving as a proxy in order to start the procedure for calculating the
position of the SET itself (J).
[95] The H-SLP serving as the proxy (namely, which uses the proxy mode) sends the
received current area id (lid) and the SET id (ms id) in an RLP SRLIR message to the
V-SLP (K).
[96] The V-SLP translates the current area id (lid) to a position estimate and returns the
position estimate to the H-SLP (L).
[97] The H-SLP checks if the returned position estimate satisfies the QoP, and when the
returned position estimate satisfies the QoP, the H-SLP sends the returned position
estimate in an SUPL REPORT message to the SET without performing the positioning
(SUPL POS) procedure (M, N).
[98] If, however, the returned position estimate does not satisfy the QoP, the H-SLP
performs the positioning (SUPL POS) procedure to calculate a position estimate of the
SET and send the calculated position estimate in the SUPL REPORT message to the
SET (M, N).
[99] Thereafter, the H-SLP checks whether an area event has occurred, and provides a
precise area-based position value of the SET to the SUPL agent according to whether
the area event has occurred or not, likewise as in the first exemplary embodiment of
the present invention.
[100] In the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention, when the network
initiates the area-based positioning service of the roaming SET which has roamed to
the V-SLP, the area event triggered session is established between the V-SLP and the
roaming SET via the H-SLP serving as the proxy, and when the SUPL POS INIT
message if sent from the roaming SET as the positioning session start condition is met,
the H-SLP calculates an actual position of the roaming SET.
[101] A network-initiated area event triggered positioning method according to a third
exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described.
[102] FIG. 3 is a network-initiated area event triggered positioning method according to a
third exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[103] In the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a roaming case, a
network-initiated case, a V-SLP positioning case and a case where the H-SLP uses the

non-proxy mode are implemented. The SET (target SET) is a roaming SET which has
roamed to the V-SLP and the V-SLP performs the positioning function.
[ 104] The V-SLP includes the V-SPC and the V-SLC, and specifically, the V-SPC
performs the positioning function. The H-SLP includes the H-SLC and the H-SPC.
Only the H-SLC is shown in FIG. 3, and the H-SLC uses the non-proxy mode.
[105] Steps S30 to S33 perform the same process as the steps S10 to S13 in FIG. 1.
[106] In step S32, upon checking an SLP mode value contained in the SUPL ENIT message
transmitted from the H-SLC, the roaming SET recognizes that the H-SLC uses the
non-proxy mode.
[107] In order to start the area-based event triggered session, the SET sends an SUPL
TRIGGERED START message containing at least a session ID, location id (lid) and
SET capabilities to the H-SLC. The SET also includes SET nonce and key-id 2 in the
SUPL TRIGGERED START message and sends it for authentication required in the
non-proxy mode. The key-id 2 corresponds to a key for generating a security key to be
used for setting a security session (PSK-TLS sessionO between the V-SPC and the SET
(step S34).
[ 108] The H-SLC determines the V-SLC and sends an RLP TSRLRR message including
the SUPL TRIGGERED START message to the V-SLC to inform the V-SLC that the
SET has initiated the SUPL positioning procedure.
[109] In this case, the H-SLC should include an area ids request indicator parameter and
the tlrr_event which has been included in the MLP TLRR message in the step S30
(namely, parameters related to the area event trigger such as the area information
requested by the SUPL agent) in the RLP TSRLRR message (step S35).
[110] Thus, by sending the RLP TSRLRR message, the H-SLC requests the area ids used
for the area event triggered session from the V-SLC.
[1ll] The V-SLC informs the V-SPC about the area event triggered session through
internal communication. The V-SLC generates a key to be used for mutual au-
thentication between the V-SPC and the SET by using the key-id 2 and the SET nonce,
and sends the generated key to the V-SPC through internal communication. The V-
SPC accepts or refuses the request related to the area event triggered session and
informs the V-SLC about a corresponding result (step S36).
[112] The V-SLC checks the area ids request indicator transmitted from the H-SLC, and if
area ids have been requested by the H-SLC, the V-SLC should include area ids cor-
responding to the area for the area event triggered session in a SUPL TRIGGERED
RESPONSE message.
[113] The V-SLC determines a positioning method (posmethod) to be used for the area
event triggered session according to the SET capabilities received in the step S35 and
sends an RLP TSRLRA message including the SUPL TRIGGERED RESPONSE

message to the H-SLC to inform the H-SLC about its readiness for an area event
triggered session (step S37).
[114] The H-SLC generates a key (security key: PSK_SPC_Key) to be used for mutual au-
thentication between the V-SPC and the SET and sends the generated key (security
key) to the V-SLC via an AUTH RESP message by using an RLP SSRP tunnel (step
S38).
[115] The V-SLC sends the received key (security key) to the V-SPC through internal
communication (step S39).
[116] The H-SLC sends the SUPL TRIGGERED RESPONSE message received from the
V-SLC to the SET. The SUPL TRIGGERED RESOPNSE message contains session-
ID, posmethod, V-SPC address and a trigger parameter (trigger_params). The V-SPC
address indicates the address of the V-SPC that performs the positioning function. The
trigger parameter indicates trigger condition information related to the area event
trigger for positioning.
[117] For example, the trigger parameter may contain trigger condition information
indicating the change_area type of the area event and a particular area. The
change_area type of the area event may indicate whether the roaming terminal is
moved into the particular area, moved out of the particular area, or is located in the
particular. The particular area may include at least one of the name of an admin-
istrative district, the name of an area, and latitude and longitude of a particular
position.
[118] The area ids or location identifiers (lids) of the specified area for the area event
triggered session may be included in the SUPL TRIGGER RESPONSE message.
[119] Preferably, the area ids can be information indicating a location area in the actual
network such as ids of cells belonging to the area required for positioning by the SUPL
agent, a mobile country code (MCC), a mobile network code (MNC) or a location area
code (LAC), etc., or a primary scrambling code number. In particular, in case of the
WCDMA, the area ids may correspond to the primary scrambling code number.
[120] Thereafter, steps S41 to S51 are performed in the almost similar manner as the steps
SI8 to S28 illustrated in FIG. 1 and only the differences therebetween will now be
described.
[121] In the first exemplary embodiment as shown in FIG. 1, when the positioning session
start condition is met, the SET sends the SUPL POS INIT message to the V-SLP via
the H-SLP (steps S19 and S20). Comparatively, in the third exemplary embodiment of
the present invention as shown in FIG. 3, when the positioning session start condition
is met, the SET directly sends the SUPL POS INIT message to the V-SPC cor-
responding to the address of the V-SPC included in the SUPL TRIGGERED
RESPONSE message received in step S40.

[122] Accordingly, in step S43, the V-SPC directly opens the positioning session with the
SET without going through the H-SLC.
[123] Meanwhile, in step S21 in FIG. 1, the V-SLP opens the positioning session with the
SET via the proxy H-SLP and sends and receives successive messages for calculating
the position via the H-SLP to calculate the actual position of the SET.
[124] Comparatively, in step S43, the calculated position value of the SET is sent from the
V-SPC to the SET, and the SET checks if an area event has occurred based on the
calculated position value of the SET. Namely, the SET compares the calculated
position value and the position value of the event area specified in the trigger
parameter to check whether they are the same.
[125] The SET may report the calculated position value to the H-SLC by sending the SUPL
REPORT message, or may send again the SUPL POS INIT message to the V-SPC,
according to whether the area event occurs or not.
[126] As mentioned above, in the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention as
shown in FIG. 3, when the network initiates the positioning service and the V-SPC
having the positioning function wants to check (calculate) area-based position of the
roaming SET, the H-SLC obtains the area ids specified for the area event triggered
session from the V-SLC and provides them to the roaming SET, and the roaming SET
and the V-SPC directly set a positioning session therebetween without going through
the H-SLP serving as the non-proxy and calculates the area-based position of the
roaming SET.
[127] A network-initiated area event triggered positioning method according to a fourth
exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described.
[128] FIG. 4 is a network-initiated area event triggered positioning method according to a
fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention. In the fourth exemplary
embodiment of the present invention, a roaming case, a network-initiated case, an H-
SLP positioning case and a case where the H-SLP uses the non-proxy mode are im-
plemented. The SET (target SET) is a roaming SET which has roamed to a visited
network to which the V-SLP belongs, and the H-SLP performs the positioning
function.
[ 129] The V-SLP includes the V-SPC and the V-SLC, and only the V-SLC is shown in
FIG. 4.
[130] The H-SLP includes the H-SLC and the H-SPC, and the H-SPC performs the po-
sitioning function and the H-SLC uses the non-proxy mode.
[131] Compared with the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention as shown in
FIG. 3, in the fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the H-SPC
performs the positioning function.
[132] Accordingly, when a positioning service request related to an area event triggered

session is received, the H-SLC of the H-SLP sends the service request to the H-SPC.
The H-SPC accepts or rejects the request and provides a corresponding result to the H-
SLC.
[133] The SET nonce and key id 2 parameters transmitted from the SET to the H-SLC in
step S34 in FIG. 3 are used to establish the security session between the V-SPC that
performs the positioning function and the SET, while the SET nonce and key-id 2
parameters transmitted from the SET to the H-SLC in step S65 in FIG. 4 are used to
establish a security session between the H-SPC and the SET.
[134] In step S65, when the SUPL TRIGGERED START message is sent from the SET,
the H-SLC sends an RLP TSRLRR message to the V-SLC to request area ids cor-
responding to areas for an area event triggered session (step S67).
[ 1351 Then, the V-SLC sends SUPL TRIGGERED RESOPNSE message information
including the area ids through an RLP TSRLRA message to the H-SLC (step S68).
f 1361 The H-SLC sends the SUPL TRIGGERED RESPONSE message received form the
V-SLC to the SET. The SUPL TRIGGERED RESPONSE message contains a session-
ID, a posmethod, an H-SPC address and a trigger parameter (trigger_params). The H-
SPC address indicates the address of the H-SPC that performs the positioning function,
and the trigger parameter indicates trigger condition information related to the area
event trigger for positioning.
[137] For example, the trigger parameter may contain trigger condition information
indicating the chang_area type of the area event and a particular area. The change_area
type of the area event may indicate whether the roaming terminal is moved into the
particular area, moved out of the particular area, or is located in the particular. The
particular area may include at least one of the name of an administrative district, the
name of an area, and latitude and longitude of a particular position.
[138] The area ids or location identifiers (lids) of the specified area for the area event
triggered session may be included in the SUPL TRIGGER RESPONSE message.
[139] Preferably, the area ids can be information indicating a location area in the actual
network such as ids of cells belonging to the area required for positioning by the SUPL
agent, a mobile country code (MCC), a mobile network code (MNC) or a location area
code (LAC), etc., or a primary scrambling code number. In particular, in case of the
WCDMA, the area ids may correspond to the primary scrambling code number.
[140] Thereafter, steps S70 to S83 are performed in the almost similar manner as the steps
S41 to S51 illustrated in FIG. 3 and only the differences therebetween will now be
described.
[1411 In the third exemplary embodiment as shown in FIG. 3, when the positioning session
start condition is met, the SET directly sends the SUPL POS INIT message to the V-
SPC (step S42). Comparatively, in the fourth exemplary embodiment of the present

invention as shown in FIG. 4, when the positioning session start condition is met, the
SET sends the SUPL POS INIT message to the H-SPC corresponding to the address of
the H-SPC included in the SUPL TRIGGERED RESPONSE message received in step
S69.
[142] The V-SPC in FIG. 3 converts the current area id (lid) included in the received SUPL
POS INIT message to a position estimate value. Comparatively, the H-SPC in FIG. 4 is
not able to directly convert the current area id (lid) included in the received SUPL POS
INIT message to a position estimate value, so the H-SPC obtains the position estimate
value corresponding to the lid upon requesting it from the V-SLC in steps S72 to S75.
[143] In FIG. 4, the H-SPC selectively performs the procedure for calculating the actual
position of the SET (namely, the positioning procedure) according to whether the
converted position estimate value satisfies the QoP or not (steps S76 and S77). The
SET checks whether an area event has occurred based on the calculated position value
of the SET (step S78) and sends a corresponding message to the H-SLC (step S79).
[144] As stated above, in the fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention as
shown in FIG. 4, when the network initiates the positioning service and the H-SPC
having the positioning function wants to check (calculate) area-based position of the
roaming SET, the H-SLC obtains the area ids specified for the area event triggered
session from the V-SLC and provides them to the roaming SET, and the roaming SET
and the V-SPC directly set a positioning session therebetween without going through
the H-SLP serving as the non-proxy and calculates the area-based position of the
roaming SET.
[145] As so far described, the network-initiated area event triggered positioning method for
a roaming terminal in a SUPL-based location information system according to the
present invention allows diverse positioning methods to be implemented based on the
SUPL.
[146] As the present invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from
the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, it should also be understood that the
above-described embodiments are not limited by any of the details of the foregoing de-
scription, unless otherwise specified, but rather should be construed broadly within its
spirit and scope as defined in the appended claims, and therefore all changes and modi-
fications that fall within the metes and bounds of the claims, or equivalents of such
metes and bounds are therefore intended to be embraced by the appended claims.
[1471

Claims
[ 1 ] A network-initiated area event triggered positioning method for a roaming
terminal in a mobile communication system, comprising:
sending, by a first server, a session initiation message for initiating a trigger
session to the roaming terminal;
receiving a session start message from the roaming terminal;
requesting area ids related to area event-triggered positioning from a second
server and obtaining area ids;
sending a session response message including at least a trigger parameter to the
roaming terminal;
receiving a positioning initiation message from the roaming terminal and
transferring it to the second server;
receiving a calculated position value of the roaming terminal from the second
server and transferring the received position value to the roaming terminal; and
providing the calculated position value received from the roaming terminal to an
agent.
[2] The method of claim 1, wherein the first server sends the area ids obtained from
the second server to the roaming terminal through the session response message.
[3] The method of claim 1, wherein the session initiation message comprises at least
trigger type information.
[4] The method of claim 3, wherein the trigger type information indicates an area
event trigger type.
[5] The method of claim 1, wherein the trigger parameter comprises at least a
change_area type related to area event-triggered positioning or position values of
an event area related to area event-triggered positioning.
[6] The method of claim 1, wherein the area ids correspond to one of ids of cells
belonging to an event area related to the area event-triggered positioning, a
mobile country code (MCC), a mobile network code (MNC) or a location area
code (LAC), or a primary scrambling code number.
[7] The method of claim 1, wherein the first server uses a proxy mode and the
second server has a positioning function.
[8] The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the first server, a message for requesting the area event-triggered
positioning service from the agent.
[9] The method of claim 1, wherein the first server is an H-SLP (Home-SLP (SUPL
(Location Platform)) and the second server is V-SLP (Visited-SLP).
[ 10] A network-initiated area event triggered positioning method for a roaming

terminal in a mobile communication system, comprising:
sending, by a first server, a session initiation message for initiating a trigger
session to the roaming terminal;
receiving a session start message from the roaming terminal;
requesting area ids related to area event-triggered positioning from a second
server and obtaining area ids;
sending a session response message including at least a trigger parameter to the
roaming terminal;
receiving a positioning initiation message from the roaming terminal;
performing, by the first server, a positioning procedure with the roaming terminal
and sending a calculated position value of the roaming terminal to the roaming
terminal; and
providing the calculated position value received from the roaming terminal to an
agent.
[11 ] The method of claim 10, wherein the first server sends the area ids obtained from
the second server to the roaming terminal through the session response message.
[12] The method of claim 10, wherein the session initiation message comprises at
least trigger type information.
[13] The method of claim 12, wherein the trigger type information indicate an area
event trigger type.
[ 141 The method of claim 10, wherein the trigger parameter comprises at least a
change_area type related to area event-triggered positioning or position values of
an event area related to area event-triggered positioning.
[ 15] The method of claim 10, wherein the area ids correspond to one of ids of cells
belonging to an event area related to the area event-triggered positioning, a
mobile country code (MCC), a mobile network code (MNC) or a location area
code (LAC), or a primary scrambling code number.
[16] The method of claim 10, wherein the first server uses a proxy mode and has a po-
sitioning function for calculating the position of the roaming terminal.
[ 17] The method of claim 10, further comprising:
receiving, by the first server, a message for requesting the area event-triggered
positioning service from the agent.
[ 18] A network-initiated area event triggered positioning method for a roaming
terminal in a mobile communication system, comprising:
receiving, by the roaming terminal, a session initiation message for initiating a
trigger session from a first server;
sending a session start message to the first server;
receiving a session response message including at least a trigger parameter from

the first server;
sending a positioning initiation message to the first server;
receiving a measured position value with respect to the roaming terminal from
the first server;
comparing the received measured position value and a position value included in
the trigger parameter to check whether an area event trigger condition is met; and
sending, by the roaming terminal, the measured position value to the first server
when the area event trigger condition is met.
[ 19] The method of claim 18, wherein the roaming terminal receives the area ids of an
event related to area event-triggered positioning from the first server through the
session response message.
[20] The method of claim 19, wherein the area ides are obtained by the first server
from the second server.
[21] The method of claim 19, wherein the area ids correspond to one of ids of cells
belonging to the event area, a mobile country code (MCC), a mobile network
code (MNC) or a location area code (LAC), or a primary scrambling code
number.
[22] The method of claim 19, wherein the roaming terminal compares a current area
id of the area where the roaming terminal is currently located and the received
area ids, and when a first condition is met, the roaming terminal sends the po-
sitioning initiation message to the first server.
[23] The method of claim 19, wherein when the trigger condition included in the
trigger parameter indicates the confirmation that the roaming terminal moves
into a particular area or exists in the particular area and if at least one of the
received area ids is identical to the current area id of the roaming terminal, the
positioning initiation message is transmitted.
[24] The method of claim 19, wherein when the trigger condition included in the
trigger parameter indicates that the terminal moves out of the particular area and
if the received area ids and the current area id of the roaming terminal are not
identical, the positioning initiation message is transmitted.
[25] The method of claim 18, wherein the session initiation message comprises at
least trigger type information.
[26] The method of claim 25, wherein the trigger type information indicates an area
event trigger type.
[27] The method of claim 18, wherein the trigger parameter comprises at least a
change_area type related to area event-triggered positioning or position values of
an event area related to area event-triggered positioning.
[28] The method of claim 18, wherein the first server uses a proxy mode.

[29] A network-initiated area event triggered positioning method for a roaming
terminal in a mobile communication system, comprising:
sending, by a first server, a session initiation message for initiating a trigger
session to the roaming terminal;
receiving a session start message including parameters related to setting at least a
security session from the roaming terminal;
requesting and obtaining, by the first server, area ids related to area event-
triggered positioning from a third server via a second server;
sending a session response message including at least a trigger parameter and the
address of the third server to the roaming terminal; and
receiving a calculated position value with respect to the roaming terminal from
the roaming terminal and providing the position value to an agent.
[30] The method of claim 29, wherein the first server sends the obtained area ids to
the roaming terminal through the session response message.
[31] The method of claim 29, wherein the session initiation message comprises
trigger type information indicating an area event trigger type.
[32] The method of claim 29, wherein the trigger parameter comprises at least a
change_area type related to area event-triggered positioning or position values of
an event area related to area event-triggered positioning.
[33] The method of claim 29, further comprising:
receiving, by the first server, a message for requesting an area event-triggered
positioning service from the agent.
[34] The method of claim 29, wherein a security session is established between the
roaming terminal and the third server by using parameters related to es-
tablishment of the security session, and the security session is a session for a po-
sitioning procedure between the roaming terminal and the third server.
[35] The method of claim 29, wherein the first server is an H-SLC (Home-SUPL
location Center), the second server is a V-SLC (Visited-SLC), and the third
server is a V-SPC (Visited-SUPL Positioning Center).
[36] The method of claim 29, wherein the first server uses a non-proxy mode, and the
third server performs the positioning function for calculating the position of the
roaming terminal.
[37] A network-initiated area event triggered positioning method for a roaming
terminal in a mobile communication system, comprising:
receiving, by the roaming terminal, a session initiation message for initiating a
trigger session from a first server;
sending a session start message including parameters related to at least a security
session to the first server;

receiving a session response message including at least a trigger parameter and
the address of a second server from the first server;
sending, by the roaming terminal, a positioning initiation message to the second
server;
performing, by the roaming terminal, a positioning procedure by setting a
security session with the second server by using the security session-related
parameters;
receiving a measured position value with respect to the roaming terminal from
the second server;
comparing, by the roaming terminal, the received measured position value and a
position value included in the trigger parameter to check whether an area event
trigger condition is met; and
providing, by the roaming terminal, the measured position value to the first
server when the area event trigger condition is met.
[38] A method of claim 37, wherein the roaming terminal receives area ids of an
event area related to an area event-triggered positioning from the first server
through the session response message.
[39] The method of claim 38, wherein the area ids are obtained by the first server
from the second server via a third server, and provided to the roaming terminal.
[40] The method of claim 39, wherein the first server is an H-SLC, the second server
is a V-SPC, and the third server is a V-SLC.
[41] The method of claim 38, wherein the area ids are obtained by the first server
from the third server and provided to the roaming terminal.
[42] The method of claim 41, wherein the first server is the H-SLC, the second server
is an H-SPC, and the third server is the V-SLC.
[43] The method of claim 38, wherein the roaming terminal compares an area id of
the area where the roaming terminal is currently located and the received area
ids, and when condition information is met, the roaming terminal sends the po-
sitioning initiation message to the second server.
[44] The method of claim 37, wherein the session initiation message comprises
trigger type information indicating area event trigger type information.
[45] A network-initiated area event triggered positioning method for a roaming
terminal in a mobile communication system, comprising:
sending, by a first server, a session initiation message for initiating a trigger
session to the roaming terminal;
receiving a session start message including parameters related to setting at least a
security session from the roaming terminal;
requesting and obtaining, by the first server, area ids related to area event-

triggered positioning from a second server;
sending, by the first server, a session response message including at least a
trigger parameter and the address of a third server to the roaming terminal;
receiving a calculated position value with respect to the roaming terminal from
the roaming terminal and providing the position value to an agent.
[461 The method of claim 45, wherein the first server sends the obtained area ids to
the roaming terminal through the session response message.
[47] The method of claim 45, wherein the session initiation message comprises
trigger type information indicating an area event trigger type.
[48] The method of claim 45, further comprising:
receiving, by the first server, a message for requesting the area event-triggered
positioning service from the agent.
[49] The method of claim 45, wherein a security session is established between the
roaming terminal and the third server by using parameters related to es-
tablishment of the security session, and the security session is a session for a po-
sitioning procedure between the roaming terminal and the third server.
[50] The method of claim 45, wherein the first server is an H-SLC (Home-SUPL
Location Center), the second server is a V-SLC (Visited-SLC), and the third
server is an H-SPC (Home-SPC (SUPL Positioning Center)).

A network-initiated area event triggered positioning method for a roaming terminal in a session -based position information system is disclosed. Network-initiation of area-based positioning of a roaming terminal is discriminated according to a proxy mode and a non-proxy mode, and area-based positioning for the roaming terminal is performed in various
manners according to whether an SLP for
performing the positioning procedure with
respect to the discriminated modes is a
V SLP or an H-SLP.

Documents:

http://ipindiaonline.gov.in/patentsearch/GrantedSearch/viewdoc.aspx?id=idh4CF/fouBC6X6Mim61oA==&loc=wDBSZCsAt7zoiVrqcFJsRw==


Patent Number 279912
Indian Patent Application Number 3757/KOLNP/2008
PG Journal Number 06/2017
Publication Date 10-Feb-2017
Grant Date 02-Feb-2017
Date of Filing 15-Sep-2008
Name of Patentee LG ELECTRONICS INC.
Applicant Address 20, YOIDO-DONG, YONGDUNGPO-GU SEOUL
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 SHIM, DONG-HEE GEUMSONG-LIVINGTEL 503, 454-1, SINGIL 1-DONG, YONGDUNGPO-GU, SEOUL 150-853
PCT International Classification Number H04B 7/26
PCT International Application Number PCT/KR2007/001610
PCT International Filing date 2007-04-03
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 10-2007-0011578 2007-02-05 U.S.A.
2 60/836,938 2006-08-11 U.S.A.
3 60/810,631 2006-06-05 U.S.A.
4 60/789609 2006-04-06 U.S.A.
5 60/795,184 2006-04-27 U.S.A.