Title of Invention	METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION OF NARROWBAND SIGNALS WITHIN A WIDEBAND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Abstract	Narrowband remote units (101-103) scan over frequencies within a wideband channel spectrum, evaluating frequency-selective channel characteristics. The best sub-channel(s) for communication is determined and reported back to a base station (104) via a channel-quality report message. The base station then utilizes only a narrowband portion, for example, one sub-channel comprised of a plurality of OFDM subcarriers, of the wideband channel for transmitting data to the narrowband unit.

Title of Invention

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION OF NARROWBAND SIGNALS WITHIN A WIDEBAND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Abstract

Narrowband remote units (101-103) scan over frequencies within a wideband channel spectrum, evaluating frequency-selective channel characteristics. The best sub-channel(s) for communication is determined and reported back to a base station (104) via a channel-quality report message. The base station then utilizes only a narrowband portion, for example, one sub-channel comprised of a plurality of OFDM subcarriers, of the wideband channel for transmitting data to the narrowband unit.

Full Text	Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to communication systems, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for transmission and reception of narrowband signals within a wideband communication system. Background of the Invention Future communication systems are generally wideband in nature. Such communication systems will transmit and receive utilizing large bandwidths (e.g., 20 - 100' MHz). One of the key advantages of having large bandwidth systems is the possibility to transmit at high data rates. However, there are many challenges in building broadband remote, or mobile units, clue to issues such as power consumption, signal processing complexity, size limitations, etc. Many of these issues are more easily addressed in a base station. Furthermore, different regions or markets may have different amounts of spectrum available for deploying next- generation systems. For example, an operator may lave 100 MHz in one market (used to deploy a 100 MHz system), and only 20 MHz in another market, and may want to support both a 100 MHz remote unit and a 20 MHz remote unit simultaneously in the 100 MHz system. Additionally, an operator may want to enable both narrowband and wideband remote units to operate within a wideband system so that both low-cost (narrowband) and high capability (wideband) remote units can be offered to customers with the same infrastructure. Because of these issues, a need exists for a method and apparatus for transmission and reception of narrowband signals within a wideband communication system so that both narrowband and wideband units can share the same wideband spectrum. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a communication system. FIG. 2 illustrates the multiple carriers utilized in an OFDM' communication system. FIG. 3 illustrates an asymmetric FDD frame structure. FIG. 4 illustrates two remote unit capabilities relating to the FDD frame structure of FIG. 3. FIG. 5 illustrates a pilot transmission format supporting scanning. FIG. 6 illustrates transmissions to a narrowband remote unit and a wideband remote unit in a frame. FIG. 7 illustrates, transmissions to a narrowband remote unit and a wideband remote unit in a frame. FIG. 8 illustrates channel quality as a function of frequency. FIG. 9 is a block diagramof a narrowband remote unit. FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing operation of the narrowband remote unit of FIG. 9. FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a base station. FIG.. 12 is a flow chart showing operation of the base station of FIG. 11. FIG. 13 illustrates multiplexing within a sub-channel. FIG. 14 illustrates code multiplexing within a sub-channel. FIG. 15 illustrates a sub-channel structure. FIG. 16 is a flow chart showing example sub-channel contention resolution. FIG. 17 illustrates transmission of control/signaling/assignment (C/S/A) messages in a frame. FIG. 18 illustrates multiple sub-channel band widths in a frame. Detailed Description of the Drawings To address the above-mentioned need a method and apparatus for transmission and reception of narrowband signals within a wideband communication system is provided herein. Narrowband remote units will scan over frequencies within a wideband channel spectrum, evaluating frequency- selective channel characteristics. The best sub-channel(s) for communication will be determined and reported back to a base station via a channel-quality report message. The base station will then utilize only a narrowband portion (e.g., one sub-channel comprised of a plurality of OFDM subcarriers) of the wideband channel for transmitting data to the narrowband unit. The present invention encompasses a method for a narrowband mobile unit to receive data in a wideband communication system. The method comprises the steps of evaluating frequency-selective channel characteristics for the wideband channel and sending a channel-quality report to a base station, wherein the channel-quality report is based on the frequency-selective channel characteristics for the wideband channel. A channel assignment is received from the base station and data is received over a portion of the wideband channel based on the frequency-selective channel characteristics, wherein a data rate for the data is based predominantly on the frequency-selective channel characteristics for the wideband channel. The present invention additionally encompasses a method comprising the steps of receiving a channel-quality report from a narrowband remote unit, determining a portion of a wideband channel to utilize for narrowband transmissions based on the channel-quality report, determining a modulation and coding for the narrowband transmissions based on the channel-quality report, and transmitting a channel assignment to the narrowband remote unit assigning the narrowband remote unit the portion of the wideband channel. Data is transmitted to the narrowband remote unit over a narrowband channel comprising the portion of the wideband channel. The present invention additionally encompasses an apparatus comprising channel scanning circuitry for scanning a wideband channel, logic circuitry for evaluating frequency-selective channel characteristics for the wideband channel, a transmitter for sending a channel-quality report to a base station, and a receiver receiving a channel assignment from the base station and receiving data over a portion of the wideband channel based on the channel-quality report, wherein the data rate for the data is based predominantly on the frequency-selective channel characteristics for the wideband channel. The present invention additionally encompasses an apparatus comprising receiving circuitry receiving a channel-quality report from a narrowband remote unit, logic circuitry for determining a portion of a wideband channel to utilize for narrowband transmissions based on the channel-quality report, the logic circuitry additionally determining a modulation and coding for the narrowband transmissions based on the channel-quality report, modulation and coding circuitry for modulating and coding the data to be transmitted to the narrowband remote unit, and-transmitting circuitry for transmitting data to the narrowband remote unit over the portion of the wideband channel, the data having a modulation and coding based on the channel-quality report. Turning now to the drawings, wherein like numerals designate like components, FIG. 1 is. a block diagram of communication system 100. Communication system 100 comprises a plurality of cells 105 (only one shown) each having a base transceiver station (BTS, or base station) 104 in communication with a plurality of remote, or mobile units 101-103. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, communication system 100 utilizes a next generation Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed (OFDM) or multicarrier based architecture including Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC). The architecture may also include the use of spreading techniques such as multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA), multi-carrier direct sequence CDMA (MC- DS-CDMA), Orthogonal Frequency and Code Division Multiplexing (OFCDM) with one or two dimensional spreading, or may be based on simpler time and/or frequency division multiplexing/multiple access techniques, or a combination of these various techniques. However, in alternate embodiments communication system 100 may utilize other wideband cellular communication system protocols such as, but not limited to, TDMA or direct sequence CDMA. As one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize, during operation of an OFDM system, multiple subcarriers (e.g., 768 subcarriers) are utilized to transmit wideband data. This is illustrated in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 2 the wideband channel is divided into many narrow frequency bands (subcarriers) 201, with data being transmitted in parallel on subcarriers 201. In addition to OFDM, communication system 100 utilizes Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC). With AMC, the modulation and coding format of a transmitted data stream for a particular receiver is changed to predominantly match a current received signal quality (at the receiver) for the particular frame being transmitted. The modulation and coding scheme may change on a frame-by-frame basis in order to track the channel quality variations that occur in mobile communication systems. Thus, streams with high quality are typically assigned higher order modulations rates and/or higher channel coding rates with the modulation order and/or the code rate decreasing as quality decreases. For those receivers experiencing high quality, modulation schemes such as 16 QAM, 64 QAM or 256 QAM are utilized, while for those experiencing low quality, modulation schemes such as BPSK or QPSK are utilized. The selected modulation and coding may only predominantly match the current received signal quality for reasons such as channel quality measurement delay or errors, channel quality reporting delay or errors, efforts to measure or predict current and future interference, and efforts to measure or predict the future channel. Multiple coding rates may be available for each modulation scheme to provide finer AMC granularity, to enable a closer match between the quality and the transmitted signal characteristics (e.g.,:R=1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 for QPSK; R=1/2 and R=2/3 for 16 QAM, etc.). Note that AMC can be performed in the time dimension (e.g., updating the modulation/coding every Nt OFDM symbol periods) or in the frequency dimension (e.g., updating the modulation/coding every Nsc subcarriers) or a combination of both. Consider a system that uses asymmetric frequency division duplexing (FDD), as illustrated in FIG. 3. In asymmetric FDD, the downlink and uplink bandwidths are different in order to match the expected downlink and uplink traffic characteristics, and typically have a frequency gap existing between them. For an OFDM system, the downlink frame comprises all of the available subcarriers 201 which form the wideband channel. As discussed above, there exist situations where certain remote units are incapable of utilizing the total available spectrum of the wideband channel. For example, remote unit 101 may be able to simultaneously receive all available subcarriers 201, but remote unit 102 may be- able to receive only a portion of the wideband channel spectrum (e.g., a sub- channel comprising, for example 16 adjacent OFDM subcarriers 201) at any given time. These different remote unit bandwidth capabilities are illustrated in FIG. 4. As is evident in FIG. 4, the downlink capability for remote unit 101 far exceeds that of remote unit 102. As discussed, an operator may want to enable both narrowband and wideband remote units to operate within a wideband system so that both low-cost (narrowband) and high capability (wideband) remote units can be offered to customers with the same infrastructure. In order to address this issue, narrowband remote units will scan over frequencies within the wideband channel spectrum, evaluating frequency-selective channel characteristics. The best sub-channel(s) for communication will be determined and reported back to base station 104 via a channel-quality report message. Base station 104 will then utilize only a narrowband portion (e.g., one sub-channel comprised of a plurality of OFDM subcarriers) of the wideband channel for transmitting data to the narrowband unit. In a first embodiment of the present invention the narrowband remote unit will send to base station 104 a list of preferred sub-channels based on the channel characteristics of the scanned sub-channels. Depending on the particular system implementation and overhead constraints, the length of the list may vary. For example, the list may contain only the single best sub-channel index, or a quality- ordered list of the best N sub-channels. Alternatively, the narrowband unit may send back a list of the sub-channels that should be avoided, due to poor quality. Base station 104 then chooses an'appropriate sub-channel for transmitting data to the narrowband remote unit. In this case, the data rate could be a function (such as twice) of the data rate the poor channel could support. If a preferred channel and a channel to avoid are sent back, and a channel other than the preferred channel is used for data transmission, the data rate could be a function (e.g., 75% of the data rate supported by the preferred channel). However, in an alternate embodiment of the present invention, base station 104 is simply provided with the channel characteristics evaluated by the narrowband remote unit. Base station 104 will then determine the best sub-channel to utilize for narrowband transmission. Regardless of which technique is utilized to determine the sub-channel for narrowband transmission, base station 104 will provide the narrowband remote unit a message indicating the sub-channel to be utilized, and narrowband data transmission takes place utilizing that sub-channel. The message is typically . contained in an explicit control/signaling/assignment (C/S/A) message field, but all or part of the message may be implicitly communicated in conjunction with the narrowband transmission. For example, the message could comprise a remote unit specific cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code that protects a data transmission. As discussed above, when determining the sub-channel for narrowband communication, the spectrum within the wideband channel is scanned to determine quality information for particular sub-channels within the wideband channel. FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of a scanning procedure. As shown in FIG. 5, on each sub-channel bandwidth, pilot signals are provided at various times in order to perform the channel measurement operations. The pilot signals are offset in time so that a narrowband remote unit can sequentially scan all the sub- channel pilots. Thus, the scanning procedure comprises receiving a plurality of pilot channels on various sub-channels, and analyzing the quality of the pilot channels. Thus, at a first time period, a remote unit will scan and receive a first pilot channel on a first subcarrier, while at a second time period, the remote unit will scan and receive a second pilot channel on a second subcarrier. This procedure continues until all pilot channels on all subcarriers are received and scanned for quality information. Note that the scanning can be performed over the, entire wideband channel as describe above, or only a portion of the wideband channel, in order to reduce the scanning burden on the remote unit. In one embodiment of the present invention, the pilot signals for scanning are embedded within data transmitted to the remote; units. The data transmission scheme is illustrated in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. Although not shown, the pilots for scanning may be included within, the data for remote unit 102 or the data for remote unit 101 or in the multiplexed data for both remote units 101 and 102. The pilots for scanning may also be pilots normally used for data reception which are used for scanning when the unit is not actively receiving data. The pilots can either occupy the whole frequency range or be specific for a given sub-channel. They can be signals solely used for the purpose of selecting a sub-channel or can serve other purpose as well, such as, e.g., assisting in the wideband channel estimation process. Based on the pilot signal, the narrowband remote units. determine channel quality information in a sub-channel. In a first embodiment of the present invention the channel quality information comprises a measurement of the frequency response of the channel on a sub-channel. More particularly, the quality information can be the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) averaged over the sub-channel, the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of the pilot averaged over the sub-channel, the received earner over noise (C/N) ratio averaged over the sub-channel, the received carrier over interference (C/I) averaged over the sub-channel or the received carrier over noise plus interference (C/(I+N)) averaged over the sub-channel. In this case, the quality metrics consist of at least a single value for the sub-channel. The measurement/estimation may be performed for some and preferably all sub-channels. In this case, the channel metrics consists of a set of several values. The scanning may be one additional sub-channel per frame other than the sub-channel the remote unit is actively receiving data on. FIG. 8 illustrates how the quality of the signal can change based on frequency. More particularly, FIG. 8 shows how quality 801 of a signal may vary over frequency, or the channel bandwidth. As is evident, quality 801 is relatively high for the First four subcarriers, and relatively low for 7th through 9th subcarriers. With this type of information available to a narrowband remote unit based on scanning within the wideband channel, the remote unit can either determine the best sub-channel for narrowband transmission, or may simply provide sub-channel quality information for one or more sub-channels to base station 104, letting base station 104 determine the best sub-channel for narrowband transmission. If quality information can be measured and reported on a frame-by-frame basis, then AMC can be performed on a frame-by-frame basis as well, with the particular modulation/coding utilized being based on the channel quality of the particular sub-channel. More particularly, base station 104 will determine the modulation/coding scheme utilized for a particular sub-channel based on its particular channel quality. In general, the channel quality information is. valid only for a time on the order of the channel coherence time so that the determination of the modulation/coding scheme needs to be performed with a fine time granularity. The coherence time of the channel is related to the remote unit speed; channel quality information gets more outdated the faster the: remote unit is moving, or the faster the environment surrounding the remote unit changes. This time granularity is typically every frame or once every few (two or three) frames if a single time granularity is selected for all remote units based on a largest speed of a reasonable range of speed. The time granularity may be longer for a remote unit that is moving slower than other remote units. If quality information is available for multiple subcarriers within the sub-channel, then AMC can optionally be applied in the frequency dimension as well (e.g., over the subcarriers within the sub- channel). FIG. 9 is a block diagram of narrowband remote unit 900. As shown, unit 900 comprises channel transceiver 901, logic circuitry 902, and channel scanning circuitry 903. transceiver 901 serves as both a transmitter for sending a channel- quality report to a base station, where the channel-quality report is based on the frequency-selective channel characteristics for the wideband channel, and a receiver receiving a channel assignment from the base station and receiving data over a portion of the wideband channel based on the channel-quality report. Channel scanning circuitry 903 serves as means for scanning within a wideband channel bandwidth to determine the best sub-channel for narrowband transmission/reception. More particularly, during operation, logic circuitry 902 directs channel scanning circuitry 903 to periodically scan within the wideband channel spectrum to determine a channel quality metric for various frequency bands or sub-channels within the wideband channel frequency range. The channel quality is reported back to logic circuitry 902. Circuitry 902 serves as means for preparing a channel-quality report. As discussed above, this report may simply comprise a list of preferred sub-channels based on the frequency-selective channel characteristics, or in the alternative may comprise a list of sub-channels along with their perceived quality, or quality information, or a list of subcarriers along with their perceived quality. This list is passed to transceiver 901 where it is transmitted to base station 104. In response, transceiver 901 receives a message from base station 104, indicating the sub-channel utilized for narrowband communication with remote unit 900. Data is then transmitted to remote unit 900 utilizing a subset consisting of a group of. subcarriers of the spectrum in the wideband channel (e.g., a sub-channel). The data is received and output by transceiver 901. Note that this scanning process should be performed with a fine time granularity (e.g., every frame or every other frame, or related to the coherence time of the remote unit). FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing the operation of narrowband remote unit 900. The logic flow begins at step 1001 where channel scanning circuitry 903 scans within the wideband channel frequency range and determines a channel quality for various frequency ranges (e.g., sub-channels) within the wideband frequency range. As discussed above, this scanning procedure preferably takes place on a frame-by-frame basis. In other words, the wideband channel is preferably scanned during each frame. At step 1003, this information is provided to logic circuitry 902, and is utilized to prepare a channel-quality report message (step 1005), which is transmitted to base station 104 (step 1007). At step 1009, a channel-assignment message is received from base station 104 indicating the sub- channel to be utilized for data transmission, and at step 1011, data is received over the sub-channel. As discussed above, the sub-channel comprises a narrowband channel that occupies a portion of the wideband channel. As shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the channel-assignment message can be received over the same portion of the wideband channel utilized for narrowband transmissions. Alternatively, the channel-assignment message can be received over a different portion of the wideband channel. Finally, it should be noted that the modulation and coding rate (and hence the data rate) is based on the channel-quality report, and in the preferred embodiment of the present invention changes on a frame-by-frame basis. FIG. 11 is a block diagram of base station 104. As shown, base station 104 comprises transceiver 1101, logic circuitry 1102, and AMC circuitry 1103. During operation transceiver 1101 (acting as a receiver) receives a channel-quality report from a narrowband remote unit and passes the report to logic circuitry 1102. Logic circuitry 1102 serves as means for determining a sub-channel to utilize from those available to the wideband system. As discussed above, this may be accomplished by simply choosing a sub-channel already provided within the channel-quality report, or alternatively, this may be accomplished by analyzing the channel- quality report to determine a sub-channel having a best quality. Finally, AMC circuitry 1103 serves as means for modulating data transmitted to the narrowband remote unit. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention this sub-channel assignment process is performed with a fine time granularity (e.g., every frame or every other frame), however, in alternate embodiments of the present invention the sub-channel assignment process can be performed over varying time periods. Transceiver 1101, acting as a transmitter, transmits data to the narrowband remote unit over a portion of the wideband channel, the data having a modulation and coding based on the channel-quality report. FIG. 12 is a flow chart showing operation of base station 104. The logic flow begins at step 1201 where a channel-quality report is received by transceiver 1101 and passed to logic circuitry 1102. At step 1203 logic circuitry 1102 determines a sub-channel to utilize for narrowband transmission, along with a modulation/coding scheme for the sub-channel. The base station 104 may decide to not transmit to the remote unit, or to transmit to the remote unit in a future frame. At step 1205, logic circuitry 1102 prepares a channel-assignment message to transmit to remote unit 900, and at step 1207 the message is transmitted to remote unit 900. At step 1209, logic circuitry 1102 instructs AMC circuitry to utilize a particular data rate (i.e., modulation/coding scheme) for the sub-channel utilized for narrowband transmission, and at step 1211 the data is properly coded and transmitted over the narrowband sub-channel. As discussed above, a subset of the frequency band is utilized, and is modulated/coded based on the perceived quality of the channel reported to base station 104 as part of the channel-quality report. Because the modulation/coding is directly related to the data transmission rate, the particular data rate is predominantly based on the frequency-selective channel characteristics reported by the remote unit in its channel-quality report. The above-described procedure for transmitting to both wideband and narrowband units also allows the ability to transmit to both a narrowband remote unit and a wideband remote unit within the same time interval, within the same downlink frame. This is illustrated with reference to FIG. 6 which shows transmissions to wideband remote unit 101 and inarrowband remote unit 102 within the same frame. In this example, the data transmission to remote unit 102 is on a particular sub-channel. (frequency range) within the wideband channel, and data transmission to remote unit 101 occurs in the remainder of the wideband channel. Also, the data transmission to remote unit 102 ends before the end of the frame, allowing time for remote unit 102 to perform scanning. Additionally, the assignment message for remote unit 102 is contained in a control/signaling/assignment message (C/S/A) field for remote unit 102, which in this example is transmitted on the same sub-channel as the data for remote unit 102. FIG. 7 also shows transmissions to wideband remote unit 101 and narrowband remote unit 102 within the same frame. In this example, the data transmission to remote unit .102 is on a particular sub-channel within the wideband channel, and data transmission to remote unit 101 occurs over the entire wideband channel, including the sub-channel used for data transmission to remote unit 102. In this case, the sub-channel for remote unit 102 is shared with the transmissions to remote unit 101 by a predetermined multiplexing scheme. Data transmissions to two or more narrowband remote units (not shown) may also occur on the same sub-channel by sharing the sub-channel according to a predetermined multiplexing scheme. Although not shown in FIG. 7, the C/S/A field for remote unit 102 could also be shared with the C/S/A field for remote unit 101 (or other remote units in the system) by a predetermined multiplexing scheme. FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 show multiplexing schemes for an example sub- channel structure shown in FIG. 15. In FIG. 15, each row represents a single subcarrier of an OFDM signal, each column represents an OFDM symbol period, and the sub-channel comprises a block of eight adjacent subcarriers within the wideband channel. As illustrated, a sub-channel may include both data symbols and pilot symbols to support channel estimation and coherent detection. FIG. 13 illustrates time multiplexing, frequency multiplexing, and time-frequency multiplexing data for remote unit 101, remote unit 102, and remote unit 103 within a single sub-channel. FIG. 14 illustrates code multiplexing within a sub-channel for a system based on OFDM with spreading and code multiplexing (OFCDM). In this example, the spreading factor in the frequency (subcarrier) dimension is SF_freq, and the spreading factor in the time dimension (OFDM symbol periods) is SF_time, where SF_freq is preferably less than or equal to the number of subcarriers in the sub-channel. Code 1 is used as a pilot and the remaining codes may be divided among one or more remote units. When the system has multiple active narrowband remote units, there is a possibility that two or more narrowband remote units will request the same sub- channel. This is referred to as sub-channel contention. In the sub-channel contention resolution, the base station (BS) arbitrates which remote unit/remote units will be assigned a particular sub-channel. The arbitration method may be based on various factors such as the channel-quality reports, or quality of service, constraints, or fairness criteria. FIG. 16 shows various flow charts illustrating sub- channel contention resolution for the downlink (DL). In each example, multiple remote unit's directly (e.g., based on a preferred sub-channel index from the remote units) or indirectly (e.g., based on analysis by the base station of frequency-selective channel characteristics of the remote units) identify the same preferred sub-channel number j1 for the same frame number k1. In a first embodiment, the base station multiplexes data transmissions to a plurality of remote unit's within the same sub-channel #j1 in the same frame. In a second embodiment, the BS performs data transmission to one remote unit on sub- channel #j1, and to a second remote unit on sub-channel #j2 in the same frame. In a third embodiment, the BS performs data transmission to one remote unit on sub- channel #j 1 in frame #k1, and to a second remote unit on sub-channel #j 1 in frame #k2. Thus, in the third embodiment, transmissions to the narrowband remote units take place on differing frames of the narrowband channel. As indicated earlier, a sub-channel assignment message for a remote unit may be transmitted in a C/S/A field. In a first embodiment, the C/S/A field for a remote unit is transmitted on a fixed or well known sub-channel. This enables a narrowband remote unit to know which sub-channel to tune its receiver to within the wideband channel to detect its C/S/A. The C/S/A may then direct the remote unit to a different sub-channel for its data assignment. As an enhancement to this method, the C/S/A information for a remote unit may be transmitted on multiple well-known sub-channels so that a remote unit can tune to the C/S/A sub-channel that has the highest quality (e.g., based on scanning in a previous frame). In an alternate embodiment, a C/S/A for a future frame may be embedded in the data transmission to a remote unit in the current frame. In another alternate embodiment, the C/S/A may be divided into two segments, as shown in FIG. 17. The first segment, referred to as a basic C/S/A, is transmitted on a well known sub-channel (or optionally repeated on multiple well-known sub-channels as described above and as shown in FIG. 17). The first segment may contain basic broadcast information, a number of assignment messages for remote units, and pointers to the locations of second segment C/S/As for some remote units. The second segment C/S/A for a remote unit, referred to as a supplemental C/S/A, contains a specific assignment message for the remote unit. In another alternate embodiment, the C/S/A for a particular remote unit is transmitted on the same sub-channel as the sub-channel assignment contained within the assignment message. This enables a remote unit to tune to its preferred sub-channel and it will then be able to receive the C/S/A and data on the same sub-channel. If the base station chooses not to assign the preferred sub-channel, then the remote unit will not detect an assignment in the current frame. FIG. 18 shows that a plurality of sub-channel bandwidths can be used in a system in order to support different types of narrowband remote units with different bandwidth capabilities. For instance, a system with a total bandwidth of 20 MHz could simultaneously serve wideband 20 MHz remote units, a first type of narrowband units having a bandwidth of 10 MHz, a second type of narrowband units having a bandwidth of 5 MHz, and a third type of narrowband units having a bandwidth of 1.25 MHz. While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a particular embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the above description was given with respect to an OFDM communication system having many subcarriers; however, one of ordinary sill in the art will recognize that the present invention may be applicable to wideband systems having no subcarriers. In this case, the continuous wideband frequency range is utilized for wideband transmission, while only a portion of the frequency band is utilized for narrowband transmissions. The best frequency range for communication will be chosen by the narrowband unit, and reported back to the base station via a channel-quality report message. Narrowband communication will then take place over the reported best frequency range. Additionally, while the above-description was given with respect to downlink transmission, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is applicable to uplink transmissions as well. It is intended that such changes come within the scope of the following claims. WE CLAIM: 1. A method for a narrowband mobile unit to receive data in a wideband communication system, the method comprising the steps of: scanning within a wideband channel; evaluating frequency-selective channel characteristics for the wideband channel; sending a channel-quality report to a base station, wherein the channel quality report is based on the frequency-selective channel characteristics for the wideband channel; receiving a channel assignment from the base station; and receiving data over a portion of the wideband channel based on the frequency- selective channel characteristics, wherein a data rate for the data is based predominantly on the frequency-selective channel characteristics for the wideband channel. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the step of evaluating the frequency- selective channel characteristics for the wideband channel comprises the step of evaluating a frequency-selective channel characteristic taken from the group consisting of a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), a received carrier over noise ratio, a received carrier over interference, and a received carrier over noise plus interference. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the step of sending the channel-quality report comprises the step of sending a list of preferred sub-channels or a list of subchannels to avoid. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the step of receiving the channel assignment from the base station comprises at least one of receiving a narrowband channel assignment from the base station, wherein the narrowband channel occupies a portion of the wideband channel spectrum, receiving the channel assignment transmitted over the portion of the wideband channel, and receiving the channel assignment transmitted over a second portion of the wideband channel. 5. An apparatus comprising: channel scanning circuitry for scanning a wideband channel; logic circuitry for evaluating frequency-selective channel characteristics for the wideband channel; a transmitter for sending a channel-quality report to a base station, wherein the channel-quality report is based on the frequency-selective channel characteristics for the wideband channel; and a receiver receiving a channel assignment from the base station and receiving data over a portion of the wideband channel based on the channel quality report, wherein the data rate for the data is based predominantly on the frequency-selective channel characteristics for the wideband channel. 6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein the channel scanning circuitry scans subcarriers making up the wideband channel. 7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein the frequency-selective channel characteristics are characteristics taken from the group consisting of a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), a received carrier over noise ratio, and a received carrier over interference, a received carrier over noise plus interference. ABSTRACT METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION OF NARROWBAND SIGNALS WITHIN A WIDEBAND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Narrowband remote units (101-103) scan over frequencies within a wideband channel spectrum, evaluating frequency-selective channel characteristics. The best sub-channel(s) for communication is determined and reported back to a base station (104) via a channel-quality report message. The base station then utilizes only a narrowband portion, for example, one sub-channel comprised of a plurality of OFDM subcarriers, of the wideband channel for transmitting data to the narrowband unit.

Full Text

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to communication systems, and in
particular, to a method and apparatus for transmission and reception of
narrowband signals within a wideband communication system.
Background of the Invention
Future communication systems are generally wideband in nature. Such
communication systems will transmit and receive utilizing large bandwidths (e.g.,
20 - 100' MHz). One of the key advantages of having large bandwidth systems is
the possibility to transmit at high data rates. However, there are many challenges
in building broadband remote, or mobile units, clue to issues such as power
consumption, signal processing complexity, size limitations, etc. Many of these
issues are more easily addressed in a base station. Furthermore, different regions
or markets may have different amounts of spectrum available for deploying next-
generation systems. For example, an operator may lave 100 MHz in one market
(used to deploy a 100 MHz system), and only 20 MHz in another market, and may
want to support both a 100 MHz remote unit and a 20 MHz remote unit
simultaneously in the 100 MHz system. Additionally, an operator may want to
enable both narrowband and wideband remote units to operate within a wideband
system so that both low-cost (narrowband) and high capability (wideband) remote
units can be offered to customers with the same infrastructure. Because of these
issues, a need exists for a method and apparatus for transmission and reception of
narrowband signals within a wideband communication system so that both
narrowband and wideband units can share the same wideband spectrum.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a communication system.
FIG. 2 illustrates the multiple carriers utilized in an OFDM'
communication system.
FIG. 3 illustrates an asymmetric FDD frame structure.
FIG. 4 illustrates two remote unit capabilities relating to the FDD frame
structure of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 illustrates a pilot transmission format supporting scanning.
FIG. 6 illustrates transmissions to a narrowband remote unit and a
wideband remote unit in a frame.
FIG. 7 illustrates, transmissions to a narrowband remote unit and a
wideband remote unit in a frame.
FIG. 8 illustrates channel quality as a function of frequency.
FIG. 9 is a block diagramof a narrowband remote unit.
FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing operation of the narrowband remote unit
of FIG. 9.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a base station.
FIG.. 12 is a flow chart showing operation of the base station of FIG. 11.
FIG. 13 illustrates multiplexing within a sub-channel.
FIG. 14 illustrates code multiplexing within a sub-channel.
FIG. 15 illustrates a sub-channel structure.
FIG. 16 is a flow chart showing example sub-channel contention
resolution.
FIG. 17 illustrates transmission of control/signaling/assignment (C/S/A)
messages in a frame.
FIG. 18 illustrates multiple sub-channel band widths in a frame.
Detailed Description of the Drawings
To address the above-mentioned need a method and apparatus for
transmission and reception of narrowband signals within a wideband
communication system is provided herein. Narrowband remote units will scan
over frequencies within a wideband channel spectrum, evaluating frequency-

selective channel characteristics. The best sub-channel(s) for communication will
be determined and reported back to a base station via a channel-quality report
message. The base station will then utilize only a narrowband portion (e.g., one
sub-channel comprised of a plurality of OFDM subcarriers) of the wideband
channel for transmitting data to the narrowband unit.
The present invention encompasses a method for a narrowband mobile unit
to receive data in a wideband communication system. The method comprises the
steps of evaluating frequency-selective channel characteristics for the wideband
channel and sending a channel-quality report to a base station, wherein the
channel-quality report is based on the frequency-selective channel characteristics
for the wideband channel. A channel assignment is received from the base station
and data is received over a portion of the wideband channel based on the
frequency-selective channel characteristics, wherein a data rate for the data is
based predominantly on the frequency-selective channel characteristics for the
wideband channel.
The present invention additionally encompasses a method comprising the
steps of receiving a channel-quality report from a narrowband remote unit,
determining a portion of a wideband channel to utilize for narrowband
transmissions based on the channel-quality report, determining a modulation and
coding for the narrowband transmissions based on the channel-quality report, and
transmitting a channel assignment to the narrowband remote unit assigning the
narrowband remote unit the portion of the wideband channel. Data is transmitted
to the narrowband remote unit over a narrowband channel comprising the portion
of the wideband channel.
The present invention additionally encompasses an apparatus comprising
channel scanning circuitry for scanning a wideband channel, logic circuitry for
evaluating frequency-selective channel characteristics for the wideband channel, a
transmitter for sending a channel-quality report to a base station, and a receiver
receiving a channel assignment from the base station and receiving data over a
portion of the wideband channel based on the channel-quality report, wherein the
data rate for the data is based predominantly on the frequency-selective channel
characteristics for the wideband channel.
The present invention additionally encompasses an apparatus comprising
receiving circuitry receiving a channel-quality report from a narrowband remote
unit, logic circuitry for determining a portion of a wideband channel to utilize for

narrowband transmissions based on the channel-quality report, the logic circuitry
additionally determining a modulation and coding for the narrowband
transmissions based on the channel-quality report, modulation and coding
circuitry for modulating and coding the data to be transmitted to the narrowband
remote unit, and-transmitting circuitry for transmitting data to the narrowband
remote unit over the portion of the wideband channel, the data having a
modulation and coding based on the channel-quality report.
Turning now to the drawings, wherein like numerals designate like
components, FIG. 1 is. a block diagram of communication system 100.
Communication system 100 comprises a plurality of cells 105 (only one shown)
each having a base transceiver station (BTS, or base station) 104 in
communication with a plurality of remote, or mobile units 101-103. In the
preferred embodiment of the present invention, communication system 100
utilizes a next generation Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed (OFDM) or
multicarrier based architecture including Adaptive Modulation and Coding
(AMC). The architecture may also include the use of spreading techniques such as
multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA), multi-carrier direct sequence CDMA (MC-
DS-CDMA), Orthogonal Frequency and Code Division Multiplexing (OFCDM)
with one or two dimensional spreading, or may be based on simpler time and/or
frequency division multiplexing/multiple access techniques, or a combination of
these various techniques. However, in alternate embodiments communication
system 100 may utilize other wideband cellular communication system protocols
such as, but not limited to, TDMA or direct sequence CDMA.
As one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize, during operation of an
OFDM system, multiple subcarriers (e.g., 768 subcarriers) are utilized to transmit
wideband data. This is illustrated in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 2 the wideband
channel is divided into many narrow frequency bands (subcarriers) 201, with data
being transmitted in parallel on subcarriers 201. In addition to OFDM,
communication system 100 utilizes Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC).
With AMC, the modulation and coding format of a transmitted data stream for a
particular receiver is changed to predominantly match a current received signal
quality (at the receiver) for the particular frame being transmitted. The modulation
and coding scheme may change on a frame-by-frame basis in order to track the
channel quality variations that occur in mobile communication systems. Thus,
streams with high quality are typically assigned higher order modulations rates

and/or higher channel coding rates with the modulation order and/or the code rate
decreasing as quality decreases. For those receivers experiencing high quality,
modulation schemes such as 16 QAM, 64 QAM or 256 QAM are utilized, while
for those experiencing low quality, modulation schemes such as BPSK or QPSK
are utilized. The selected modulation and coding may only predominantly match
the current received signal quality for reasons such as channel quality
measurement delay or errors, channel quality reporting delay or errors, efforts to
measure or predict current and future interference, and efforts to measure or
predict the future channel.
Multiple coding rates may be available for each modulation scheme to
provide finer AMC granularity, to enable a closer match between the quality and
the transmitted signal characteristics (e.g.,:R=1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 for QPSK; R=1/2
and R=2/3 for 16 QAM, etc.). Note that AMC can be performed in the time
dimension (e.g., updating the modulation/coding every Nt OFDM symbol periods)
or in the frequency dimension (e.g., updating the modulation/coding every Nsc
subcarriers) or a combination of both.
Consider a system that uses asymmetric frequency division duplexing
(FDD), as illustrated in FIG. 3. In asymmetric FDD, the downlink and uplink
bandwidths are different in order to match the expected downlink and uplink
traffic characteristics, and typically have a frequency gap existing between them.
For an OFDM system, the downlink frame comprises all of the available
subcarriers 201 which form the wideband channel. As discussed above, there exist
situations where certain remote units are incapable of utilizing the total available
spectrum of the wideband channel. For example, remote unit 101 may be able to
simultaneously receive all available subcarriers 201, but remote unit 102 may be-
able to receive only a portion of the wideband channel spectrum (e.g., a sub-
channel comprising, for example 16 adjacent OFDM subcarriers 201) at any given
time. These different remote unit bandwidth capabilities are illustrated in FIG. 4.
As is evident in FIG. 4, the downlink capability for remote unit 101 far
exceeds that of remote unit 102. As discussed, an operator may want to enable
both narrowband and wideband remote units to operate within a wideband system
so that both low-cost (narrowband) and high capability (wideband) remote units
can be offered to customers with the same infrastructure. In order to address this
issue, narrowband remote units will scan over frequencies within the wideband
channel spectrum, evaluating frequency-selective channel characteristics. The best

sub-channel(s) for communication will be determined and reported back to base
station 104 via a channel-quality report message. Base station 104 will then utilize
only a narrowband portion (e.g., one sub-channel comprised of a plurality of
OFDM subcarriers) of the wideband channel for transmitting data to the
narrowband unit.
In a first embodiment of the present invention the narrowband remote unit
will send to base station 104 a list of preferred sub-channels based on the channel
characteristics of the scanned sub-channels. Depending on the particular system
implementation and overhead constraints, the length of the list may vary. For
example, the list may contain only the single best sub-channel index, or a quality-
ordered list of the best N sub-channels. Alternatively, the narrowband unit may
send back a list of the sub-channels that should be avoided, due to poor quality.
Base station 104 then chooses an'appropriate sub-channel for transmitting data to
the narrowband remote unit. In this case, the data rate could be a function (such as
twice) of the data rate the poor channel could support. If a preferred channel and a
channel to avoid are sent back, and a channel other than the preferred channel is
used for data transmission, the data rate could be a function (e.g., 75% of the data
rate supported by the preferred channel). However, in an alternate embodiment of
the present invention, base station 104 is simply provided with the channel
characteristics evaluated by the narrowband remote unit. Base station 104 will
then determine the best sub-channel to utilize for narrowband transmission.
Regardless of which technique is utilized to determine the sub-channel for
narrowband transmission, base station 104 will provide the narrowband remote
unit a message indicating the sub-channel to be utilized, and narrowband data
transmission takes place utilizing that sub-channel. The message is typically .
contained in an explicit control/signaling/assignment (C/S/A) message field, but
all or part of the message may be implicitly communicated in conjunction with the
narrowband transmission. For example, the message could comprise a remote unit
specific cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code that protects a data transmission.
As discussed above, when determining the sub-channel for narrowband
communication, the spectrum within the wideband channel is scanned to
determine quality information for particular sub-channels within the wideband
channel. FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of a scanning procedure. As shown in
FIG. 5, on each sub-channel bandwidth, pilot signals are provided at various times
in order to perform the channel measurement operations. The pilot signals are

offset in time so that a narrowband remote unit can sequentially scan all the sub-
channel pilots. Thus, the scanning procedure comprises receiving a plurality of
pilot channels on various sub-channels, and analyzing the quality of the pilot
channels. Thus, at a first time period, a remote unit will scan and receive a first
pilot channel on a first subcarrier, while at a second time period, the remote unit
will scan and receive a second pilot channel on a second subcarrier. This
procedure continues until all pilot channels on all subcarriers are received and
scanned for quality information. Note that the scanning can be performed over the,
entire wideband channel as describe above, or only a portion of the wideband
channel, in order to reduce the scanning burden on the remote unit.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the pilot signals for scanning
are embedded within data transmitted to the remote; units. The data transmission
scheme is illustrated in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. Although not shown, the pilots for
scanning may be included within, the data for remote unit 102 or the data for
remote unit 101 or in the multiplexed data for both remote units 101 and 102. The
pilots for scanning may also be pilots normally used for data reception which are
used for scanning when the unit is not actively receiving data. The pilots can
either occupy the whole frequency range or be specific for a given sub-channel.
They can be signals solely used for the purpose of selecting a sub-channel or can
serve other purpose as well, such as, e.g., assisting in the wideband channel
estimation process. Based on the pilot signal, the narrowband remote units.
determine channel quality information in a sub-channel. In a first embodiment of
the present invention the channel quality information comprises a measurement of
the frequency response of the channel on a sub-channel. More particularly, the
quality information can be the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) averaged
over the sub-channel, the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of the pilot
averaged over the sub-channel, the received earner over noise (C/N) ratio
averaged over the sub-channel, the received carrier over interference (C/I)
averaged over the sub-channel or the received carrier over noise plus interference
(C/(I+N)) averaged over the sub-channel. In this case, the quality metrics consist
of at least a single value for the sub-channel. The measurement/estimation may be
performed for some and preferably all sub-channels. In this case, the channel
metrics consists of a set of several values. The scanning may be one additional
sub-channel per frame other than the sub-channel the remote unit is actively
receiving data on.

FIG. 8 illustrates how the quality of the signal can change based on
frequency. More particularly, FIG. 8 shows how quality 801 of a signal may vary
over frequency, or the channel bandwidth. As is evident, quality 801 is relatively
high for the First four subcarriers, and relatively low for 7th through 9th subcarriers.
With this type of information available to a narrowband remote unit based on
scanning within the wideband channel, the remote unit can either determine the
best sub-channel for narrowband transmission, or may simply provide sub-channel
quality information for one or more sub-channels to base station 104, letting base
station 104 determine the best sub-channel for narrowband transmission.
If quality information can be measured and reported on a frame-by-frame
basis, then AMC can be performed on a frame-by-frame basis as well, with the
particular modulation/coding utilized being based on the channel quality of the
particular sub-channel. More particularly, base station 104 will determine the
modulation/coding scheme utilized for a particular sub-channel based on its
particular channel quality. In general, the channel quality information is. valid only
for a time on the order of the channel coherence time so that the determination of
the modulation/coding scheme needs to be performed with a fine time granularity.
The coherence time of the channel is related to the remote unit speed; channel
quality information gets more outdated the faster the: remote unit is moving, or the
faster the environment surrounding the remote unit changes. This time granularity
is typically every frame or once every few (two or three) frames if a single time
granularity is selected for all remote units based on a largest speed of a reasonable
range of speed. The time granularity may be longer for a remote unit that is
moving slower than other remote units. If quality information is available for
multiple subcarriers within the sub-channel, then AMC can optionally be applied
in the frequency dimension as well (e.g., over the subcarriers within the sub-
channel).
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of narrowband remote unit 900. As shown, unit
900 comprises channel transceiver 901, logic circuitry 902, and channel scanning
circuitry 903. transceiver 901 serves as both a transmitter for sending a channel-
quality report to a base station, where the channel-quality report is based on the
frequency-selective channel characteristics for the wideband channel, and a
receiver receiving a channel assignment from the base station and receiving data
over a portion of the wideband channel based on the channel-quality report.
Channel scanning circuitry 903 serves as means for scanning within a wideband

channel bandwidth to determine the best sub-channel for narrowband
transmission/reception. More particularly, during operation, logic circuitry 902
directs channel scanning circuitry 903 to periodically scan within the wideband
channel spectrum to determine a channel quality metric for various frequency
bands or sub-channels within the wideband channel frequency range. The channel
quality is reported back to logic circuitry 902. Circuitry 902 serves as means for
preparing a channel-quality report. As discussed above, this report may simply
comprise a list of preferred sub-channels based on the frequency-selective channel
characteristics, or in the alternative may comprise a list of sub-channels along
with their perceived quality, or quality information, or a list of subcarriers along
with their perceived quality. This list is passed to transceiver 901 where it is
transmitted to base station 104. In response, transceiver 901 receives a message
from base station 104, indicating the sub-channel utilized for narrowband
communication with remote unit 900. Data is then transmitted to remote unit 900
utilizing a subset consisting of a group of. subcarriers of the spectrum in the
wideband channel (e.g., a sub-channel). The data is received and output by
transceiver 901. Note that this scanning process should be performed with a fine
time granularity (e.g., every frame or every other frame, or related to the
coherence time of the remote unit).
FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing the operation of narrowband remote unit
900. The logic flow begins at step 1001 where channel scanning circuitry 903
scans within the wideband channel frequency range and determines a channel
quality for various frequency ranges (e.g., sub-channels) within the wideband
frequency range. As discussed above, this scanning procedure preferably takes
place on a frame-by-frame basis. In other words, the wideband channel is
preferably scanned during each frame. At step 1003, this information is provided
to logic circuitry 902, and is utilized to prepare a channel-quality report message
(step 1005), which is transmitted to base station 104 (step 1007). At step 1009, a
channel-assignment message is received from base station 104 indicating the sub-
channel to be utilized for data transmission, and at step 1011, data is received over
the sub-channel. As discussed above, the sub-channel comprises a narrowband
channel that occupies a portion of the wideband channel. As shown in FIG. 6 and
FIG. 7, the channel-assignment message can be received over the same portion of
the wideband channel utilized for narrowband transmissions. Alternatively, the
channel-assignment message can be received over a different portion of the

wideband channel. Finally, it should be noted that the modulation and coding rate
(and hence the data rate) is based on the channel-quality report, and in the
preferred embodiment of the present invention changes on a frame-by-frame
basis.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of base station 104. As shown, base station 104
comprises transceiver 1101, logic circuitry 1102, and AMC circuitry 1103. During
operation transceiver 1101 (acting as a receiver) receives a channel-quality report
from a narrowband remote unit and passes the report to logic circuitry 1102. Logic
circuitry 1102 serves as means for determining a sub-channel to utilize from those
available to the wideband system. As discussed above, this may be accomplished
by simply choosing a sub-channel already provided within the channel-quality
report, or alternatively, this may be accomplished by analyzing the channel-
quality report to determine a sub-channel having a best quality. Finally, AMC
circuitry 1103 serves as means for modulating data transmitted to the narrowband
remote unit. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention this sub-channel
assignment process is performed with a fine time granularity (e.g., every frame or
every other frame), however, in alternate embodiments of the present invention
the sub-channel assignment process can be performed over varying time periods.
Transceiver 1101, acting as a transmitter, transmits data to the narrowband remote
unit over a portion of the wideband channel, the data having a modulation and
coding based on the channel-quality report.
FIG. 12 is a flow chart showing operation of base station 104. The logic
flow begins at step 1201 where a channel-quality report is received by transceiver
1101 and passed to logic circuitry 1102. At step 1203 logic circuitry 1102
determines a sub-channel to utilize for narrowband transmission, along with a
modulation/coding scheme for the sub-channel. The base station 104 may decide
to not transmit to the remote unit, or to transmit to the remote unit in a future
frame. At step 1205, logic circuitry 1102 prepares a channel-assignment message
to transmit to remote unit 900, and at step 1207 the message is transmitted to
remote unit 900. At step 1209, logic circuitry 1102 instructs AMC circuitry to
utilize a particular data rate (i.e., modulation/coding scheme) for the sub-channel
utilized for narrowband transmission, and at step 1211 the data is properly coded
and transmitted over the narrowband sub-channel. As discussed above, a subset of
the frequency band is utilized, and is modulated/coded based on the perceived
quality of the channel reported to base station 104 as part of the channel-quality

report. Because the modulation/coding is directly related to the data transmission
rate, the particular data rate is predominantly based on the frequency-selective
channel characteristics reported by the remote unit in its channel-quality report.
The above-described procedure for transmitting to both wideband and
narrowband units also allows the ability to transmit to both a narrowband remote
unit and a wideband remote unit within the same time interval, within the same
downlink frame. This is illustrated with reference to FIG. 6 which shows
transmissions to wideband remote unit 101 and inarrowband remote unit 102
within the same frame. In this example, the data transmission to remote unit 102 is
on a particular sub-channel. (frequency range) within the wideband channel, and
data transmission to remote unit 101 occurs in the remainder of the wideband
channel. Also, the data transmission to remote unit 102 ends before the end of the
frame, allowing time for remote unit 102 to perform scanning. Additionally, the
assignment message for remote unit 102 is contained in a
control/signaling/assignment message (C/S/A) field for remote unit 102, which in
this example is transmitted on the same sub-channel as the data for remote unit
102.
FIG. 7 also shows transmissions to wideband remote unit 101 and
narrowband remote unit 102 within the same frame. In this example, the data
transmission to remote unit .102 is on a particular sub-channel within the wideband
channel, and data transmission to remote unit 101 occurs over the entire wideband
channel, including the sub-channel used for data transmission to remote unit 102.
In this case, the sub-channel for remote unit 102 is shared with the transmissions
to remote unit 101 by a predetermined multiplexing scheme. Data transmissions to
two or more narrowband remote units (not shown) may also occur on the same
sub-channel by sharing the sub-channel according to a predetermined
multiplexing scheme. Although not shown in FIG. 7, the C/S/A field for remote
unit 102 could also be shared with the C/S/A field for remote unit 101 (or other
remote units in the system) by a predetermined multiplexing scheme.
FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 show multiplexing schemes for an example sub-
channel structure shown in FIG. 15. In FIG. 15, each row represents a single
subcarrier of an OFDM signal, each column represents an OFDM symbol period,
and the sub-channel comprises a block of eight adjacent subcarriers within the
wideband channel. As illustrated, a sub-channel may include both data symbols
and pilot symbols to support channel estimation and coherent detection. FIG. 13

illustrates time multiplexing, frequency multiplexing, and time-frequency
multiplexing data for remote unit 101, remote unit 102, and remote unit 103
within a single sub-channel.
FIG. 14 illustrates code multiplexing within a sub-channel for a system
based on OFDM with spreading and code multiplexing (OFCDM). In this
example, the spreading factor in the frequency (subcarrier) dimension is SF_freq,
and the spreading factor in the time dimension (OFDM symbol periods) is
SF_time, where SF_freq is preferably less than or equal to the number of
subcarriers in the sub-channel. Code 1 is used as a pilot and the remaining codes
may be divided among one or more remote units.
When the system has multiple active narrowband remote units, there is a
possibility that two or more narrowband remote units will request the same sub-
channel. This is referred to as sub-channel contention. In the sub-channel
contention resolution, the base station (BS) arbitrates which remote unit/remote
units will be assigned a particular sub-channel. The arbitration method may be
based on various factors such as the channel-quality reports, or quality of service,
constraints, or fairness criteria. FIG. 16 shows various flow charts illustrating sub-
channel contention resolution for the downlink (DL).
In each example, multiple remote unit's directly (e.g., based on a preferred
sub-channel index from the remote units) or indirectly (e.g., based on analysis by
the base station of frequency-selective channel characteristics of the remote units)
identify the same preferred sub-channel number j1 for the same frame number k1.
In a first embodiment, the base station multiplexes data transmissions to a
plurality of remote unit's within the same sub-channel #j1 in the same frame. In a
second embodiment, the BS performs data transmission to one remote unit on sub-
channel #j1, and to a second remote unit on sub-channel #j2 in the same frame. In
a third embodiment, the BS performs data transmission to one remote unit on sub-
channel #j 1 in frame #k1, and to a second remote unit on sub-channel #j 1 in frame
#k2. Thus, in the third embodiment, transmissions to the narrowband remote units
take place on differing frames of the narrowband channel.
As indicated earlier, a sub-channel assignment message for a remote unit
may be transmitted in a C/S/A field. In a first embodiment, the C/S/A field for a
remote unit is transmitted on a fixed or well known sub-channel. This enables a
narrowband remote unit to know which sub-channel to tune its receiver to within
the wideband channel to detect its C/S/A. The C/S/A may then direct the remote

unit to a different sub-channel for its data assignment. As an enhancement to this
method, the C/S/A information for a remote unit may be transmitted on multiple
well-known sub-channels so that a remote unit can tune to the C/S/A sub-channel
that has the highest quality (e.g., based on scanning in a previous frame). In an
alternate embodiment, a C/S/A for a future frame may be embedded in the data
transmission to a remote unit in the current frame. In another alternate
embodiment, the C/S/A may be divided into two segments, as shown in FIG. 17.
The first segment, referred to as a basic C/S/A, is transmitted on a well known
sub-channel (or optionally repeated on multiple well-known sub-channels as
described above and as shown in FIG. 17). The first segment may contain basic
broadcast information, a number of assignment messages for remote units, and
pointers to the locations of second segment C/S/As for some remote units. The
second segment C/S/A for a remote unit, referred to as a supplemental C/S/A,
contains a specific assignment message for the remote unit. In another alternate
embodiment, the C/S/A for a particular remote unit is transmitted on the same
sub-channel as the sub-channel assignment contained within the assignment
message. This enables a remote unit to tune to its preferred sub-channel and it will
then be able to receive the C/S/A and data on the same sub-channel. If the base
station chooses not to assign the preferred sub-channel, then the remote unit will
not detect an assignment in the current frame.
FIG. 18 shows that a plurality of sub-channel bandwidths can be used in a
system in order to support different types of narrowband remote units with
different bandwidth capabilities. For instance, a system with a total bandwidth of
20 MHz could simultaneously serve wideband 20 MHz remote units, a first type
of narrowband units having a bandwidth of 10 MHz, a second type of narrowband
units having a bandwidth of 5 MHz, and a third type of narrowband units having a
bandwidth of 1.25 MHz.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with
reference to a particular embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the
art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without
departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the above
description was given with respect to an OFDM communication system having
many subcarriers; however, one of ordinary sill in the art will recognize that the
present invention may be applicable to wideband systems having no subcarriers.
In this case, the continuous wideband frequency range is utilized for wideband

transmission, while only a portion of the frequency band is utilized for
narrowband transmissions. The best frequency range for communication will be
chosen by the narrowband unit, and reported back to the base station via a
channel-quality report message. Narrowband communication will then take place
over the reported best frequency range. Additionally, while the above-description
was given with respect to downlink transmission, it will be understood by those
skilled in the art that the above description is applicable to uplink transmissions as
well. It is intended that such changes come within the scope of the following
claims.

WE CLAIM:
1. A method for a narrowband mobile unit to receive data in a wideband communication
system, the method comprising the steps of:
scanning within a wideband channel;
evaluating frequency-selective channel characteristics for the wideband channel;
sending a channel-quality report to a base station, wherein the channel quality report
is based on the frequency-selective channel characteristics for the wideband channel;
receiving a channel assignment from the base station; and
receiving data over a portion of the wideband channel based on the frequency-
selective channel characteristics, wherein a data rate for the data is based predominantly on
the frequency-selective channel characteristics for the wideband channel.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the step of evaluating the frequency-
selective channel characteristics for the wideband channel comprises the step of evaluating a
frequency-selective channel characteristic taken from the group consisting of a received
signal strength indicator (RSSI), a received carrier over noise ratio, a received carrier over
interference, and a received carrier over noise plus interference.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the step of sending the channel-quality
report comprises the step of sending a list of preferred sub-channels or a list of subchannels
to avoid.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the step of receiving the channel
assignment from the base station comprises at least one of receiving a narrowband channel
assignment from the base station, wherein the narrowband channel occupies a portion of the
wideband channel spectrum, receiving the channel assignment transmitted over the portion of
the wideband channel, and receiving the channel assignment transmitted over a second
portion of the wideband channel.
5. An apparatus comprising:
channel scanning circuitry for scanning a wideband channel;

logic circuitry for evaluating frequency-selective channel characteristics for the
wideband channel;
a transmitter for sending a channel-quality report to a base station, wherein the
channel-quality report is based on the frequency-selective channel characteristics for the
wideband channel; and
a receiver receiving a channel assignment from the base station and receiving data
over a portion of the wideband channel based on the channel quality report, wherein the data
rate for the data is based predominantly on the frequency-selective channel characteristics for
the wideband channel.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein the channel scanning circuitry scans
subcarriers making up the wideband channel.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein the frequency-selective channel
characteristics are characteristics taken from the group consisting of a received signal
strength indicator (RSSI), a received carrier over noise ratio, and a received carrier over
interference, a received carrier over noise plus interference.

ABSTRACT

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMISSION
AND RECEPTION OF NARROWBAND SIGNALS
WITHIN A WIDEBAND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Narrowband remote units (101-103) scan over frequencies within a wideband channel spectrum,
evaluating frequency-selective channel characteristics. The best sub-channel(s) for communication
is determined and reported back to a base station (104) via a channel-quality report message. The
base station then utilizes only a narrowband portion, for example, one sub-channel comprised of a
plurality of OFDM subcarriers, of the wideband channel for transmitting data to the narrowband
unit.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION OF NARROWBAND SIGNALS WITHIN A WIDEBAND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Documents:

Inventors:

PCT Conventions: