Title of Invention	A DEVICE WITH BRUSH FOR CONTROLLED DISPENSING OF LIQUID/PASTE FROM REPLACEABLE TUBE CARTRIDGE
Abstract	The invention consists of a novel combination construction (s) of the Pastetube & Brush, of plastics e.g. Polypropelene & the like material/s, in any conceivable size & shape, conical, cylindrical, squarish & or any combination/s thereof, where the combination unit is formed by parts like holder, brush,lock,slider & pastetube. The pasttube is fitted into the cavity of the holder. The slider is inserted into the cavity of the holder after fitting the pastetube so that the tip rests on the sealed end of the pastetube. This end is sealed by putting a lock. The brush is fitted at the other end of the holder so as to form a single unit. During usage, first the brush is taken out, then by moving the slider forward; the paste is taken out on the brush. The brush is again fitted on the holder so as to form a single unit again. Now, combination can be used as brush and after usage, the brush can be cleaned by water for further use. And this novel combination construction of Pastetube & Brush includes all other applications, machines, apparatus, equipments & the like as described in Patent Application / Specifications with reference to the accompanying drawing/s.

Title of Invention

A DEVICE WITH BRUSH FOR CONTROLLED DISPENSING OF LIQUID/PASTE FROM REPLACEABLE TUBE CARTRIDGE

Abstract

The invention consists of a novel combination construction (s) of the Pastetube & Brush, of plastics e.g. Polypropelene & the like material/s, in any conceivable size & shape, conical, cylindrical, squarish & or any combination/s thereof, where the combination unit is formed by parts like holder, brush,lock,slider & pastetube. The pasttube is fitted into the cavity of the holder. The slider is inserted into the cavity of the holder after fitting the pastetube so that the tip rests on the sealed end of the pastetube. This end is sealed by putting a lock. The brush is fitted at the other end of the holder so as to form a single unit. During usage, first the brush is taken out, then by moving the slider forward; the paste is taken out on the brush. The brush is again fitted on the holder so as to form a single unit again. Now, combination can be used as brush and after usage, the brush can be cleaned by water for further use. And this novel combination construction of Pastetube & Brush includes all other applications, machines, apparatus, equipments & the like as described in Patent Application / Specifications with reference to the accompanying drawing/s.

Full Text	FORM-2 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (Section-10) "A NOVEL COMBINATION CONSTRUCTION OF PASTETUBE & BRUSH SO AS TO FORM A SINGLE ENTITY & THE LIKE" Mr.Narendra Sudhakar Shinde FlatNo.206,"Devadatta", 45/4 Karvenagar, Pune411052 MAHARASHTRA STATE, INDIA. Nationality: India The following Specification particularly describes and ascertains the nature of this invention and the manner in which it is to be performed. "A NOVEL COMBINATION CONSTRUCTION OF PASTETUBE & BRUSH SO AS TO FORM A SINGLE ENTITY & THE LIKE" Introduction : There are various applications in our day to day life where a liquid /paste is applied or used by a brush. One of the common example is TOOTHPASTE & TOOTHBRUSH. Such example(s) are also evident in industrial applications. More particularly, this invention provides a Novel Combined Construction(s) of Pastetube & Brush, & thus also provides improvised products for all the applications involving application of any paste & brush. The invention is described herein by referring to TOOTHPASTE & TOOTHBRUSH as a representative example for illustration purpose, however, this Patent/Application/Specification also covers & includes many other applications as well. Some such examples are: Rust removing paste, thread sealant, lock-tight-threaded joints, nail-paint application and the like. This invention provides economy in the consumption of packing material. The paste consumed is also controlled. These achievements are possible without sacrificing any of the desired technical property(s). The invention offers the improvised product for all applications where a paste/ liquid is applied by a brush; e.g. cleaning of machine parts by applying oil. This invention provides convenience & economy in usage of both the Paste & brush. Prior Art : Presently; Toothpaste & Toothbrush are two separate entities. The size(s) of the toothpaste varies based on requirement of user. So also, lots of the shapes & styles of brushes are available. Both paste(s) & brush(s) are being sold as two different products in the market. If a person is travelling for a few days, he has to carry both Toothpaste & Toothbrush alongwith. 2 Regarding "PATENT SEARCH"; there are already few patents. The Patent Number/s & the subject matter/s are given below . Patent No. Subject (in short) 142994 A disposable toothbrush 143167 A Toothbrush 144500 Toothbrush 145168 Stablizer flavoured Tooth cleaning article 146820 Toothbrushes 151892 Brushes for cleaning meshes of rotary screens 155342 A toothbrush & method for making the same 156816 An improved toothbrush 157398 Toothbrush 157662 Toothbrush 158537 Combined toothbrush & gum massage device 161748 An applicator for applying liquid on surface 169805 Improved toothbrush & tongue scraper assembly 172609 Toothbrush for the slow release of disinfectant &/or anti-bacterial agent. 175260 An improved toothbrush 179737 Toothbrush head 179776 A toothbrush for use with tooth powder 180581 A hand actuated rotable toothbrush 181863 Paint brush with replaceable bristle pack 183020 An interdental toothbrush 183371 Toothbrush having separate fastners as bristle carrier 3 All these, however, refer to constructions other than what is proposed in this invention. Further, all the Prior Art/s item/s have some drawbacks & Deficiency(s) as mentioned below. The Deficiency(s) of the Prior Art : 1) Most of the time; one has to purchase a tube of smaller size only for travel purpose. 2) Sometimes one forgets to pack the toothpaste or brush or both. That invites more inconvenience especially if one is travelling a long distance 3) Special attention is required for packing these two items during travelling. Special care is required for packing toothpaste. 4) The space required for packing is also critical; especially when one is travelling by air. 5) The toothpaste tube being soft one; can get damaged under the weight of other articles. This may damage other valuable goods. Presently, no one makes combination toothbrushes as proposed in this specification, where toothbrush & toothpaste are combined as a single entity. My Invention : Objects : 1) To offer a unique product that takes care of deficiency(s) of prior art. 2) To improve comfort for human being. 3) To reduce the consumption of packing materials & thus achieve economy. 4)To make Novel 'Combination' of Toothpaste & Toothbrush. Drawings : The invention will now be described with the help of suitable drawings & figures, by means of explanatory numerals marked upon. The drawings & figure are schematic only. Drawings are not to scale. Drawings represent non-restrictive examples. 4 Drawings consist of 5 figures. Referring to Fig.-[1 ]; a unique product consisting of a combination of a toothbrush & a toothpaste in & as one single unit is designed. The combination consists of following 5 parts. Holder(l); Brush(2); Lock(3); Shder(4), Pastetube (5) All the parts are shown separately & also in assembled state. The four parts, namely, holder(l), brush(2), lock(3) &slider(4) are moulded or formed separately. The toothpaste material is filled m a tube (5). This tube (5) is sealed from & at one end (6). The tube (5) is fitted into the cavity (7) of the holder (1). The cavity (7) is shown in the cross-sectional drawing "A-A". The Slider (4) is inserted into the cavity after fitting the tube. The slider (4) is fitted in such a way so that the tip (8) rests above the sealed end (6) of the tube (5). When the slider is moved forward; the paste comes out from the other end (9). Thus the tube (5) has two ends (6) & (9). This assembly of holder (1), slider (4) & pastetube (5) is sealed by putting a lock (3) at one end(6). The brush (2) is fitted on holder (1) by any known method. One such method is of thread arrangement (10). The other end (9) of the holder (1) has threads & a brush (2) with threading is fitted onto it. The top face (11) of the holder & the top face (12) of the brush are in 180 degree out of phase m assembled condition so as to avoid the pressure of user's thumb on the slider (4) & on the tube. The fixing position, however, can be any conceivable as well. During use of the combination product, first, the brush (2) is to be separated or disengaged from the holder assembly. Then by moving the slider (4) forward, toothpaste is taken out on the brush that is already disengaged from the assembly. After taking paste, the brush is to be again assembled with the holder (1). Now the unit is ready to be used as a brush for cleaning the teeth. After usage, The brush is washed & cleaned by water for further usage. 5 The combination(s) is /are not restricted to any one particular shape or size, and, accordingly Fig.-[2] & Fig.-[3] show some more types of configurations for locking arrangement of the slider with the holder. Fig.-[2] shows zig-zag type arrangement on the holder for movement of the slider. Fig.-[3] shows a combination of zig-zag & square arrangement on the holder for movement of the slider. Fig.-[4] shows a one time "Use &Throw" type construction. Fig.-[5] shows an arrangement for application of liquid/paste by a brush by using above described principle, however ,in fig[5], the brush has a different design, e.g. useful for nail-paint application. Likewise, the holder, slider, lock, brush, pastetube can be in any form, shape & size. Likewise, further, this principle of "providing a novel Combination construction of pastetube & brush "is extended to many other applications:- machines, apparatus, equipments & the like. Separate drawings for those are not given here. As an example(s) it is mentioned here that 'Rust Removing Paste' & or' Rust Preventing Paste (chemical)' can also be applied by such handy & convenient method at site(in situ). Advantages / Applications & Use of the Invention : 1) Improvement m simplicity & thus flexibility & use. 2) Both (tooth) paste &(tooth) brush are getting carried in same unit; so it becomes easy to carry during travelling or "in situ" situations. 3) No need to buy separately toothbrush & toothpaste. 4) The design of the product is such that it takes care of the safety of the tube which is otherwise always delicate. 5) Lesser & controlled consumption of all the materials: packing & the paste material to be used. Overall economy is achieved without sacrificing any of the desired technical property/s. There is saving on packaging material as well. 6 6) it can be useful for the hotels & all air lines who are ottering toothpaste & toothbrush to the customers as complimentary gifts. 7) The combination product is most handy & economical at "m-situ" & critical process(es). Statement of Invention, in one sentence : According to this invention, therefore, " a Novel Combination Construction^) of the Pastetube & Brush so as to form a single entity & the like" consists of Parts, namely, holder, brush, lock, slider & pastetube in assembled condition where the pastetube is fitted into the cavity of the holder, the slider is inserted into the cavity of the holder after fitting the pastetube so that the tip of the slider rests on the sealed end of the pastetube, and this end of the holder is sealed by putting a lock; the brush is fitted at the other end of the holder so as to form an assembled single unit; during usage, first the brush is taken out, then by moving the slider forward, the paste is taken out on the brush & the brush is fitted back on the holder so as to form a single unit again, so that it can be used as a brush, and after usage the brush can be cleaned by water for further use if necessary; the above parts namely, holder, brush, lock & shder,are being made from plastics like PP;PVC;PE & the like material/s, in any conceivable size & shape & or any combination thereof and a one time "USE & THROW" also being made. 7 I Claim : 1} "A Novel Combination Construction ofPastetube & Brush so as to form a Single Entity & The Like" consists of as substantially explained in the accompanying drawings, parts namely holder, brush, lock, slider, pastetube in assembled condition where the pastetube is fitted into the cavity of the holder, the slider is inserted into the cavity of the holder after fitting the pastetube so that the tip of the slider rests on the sealed end of the pastetube ,and this end of the holder is sealed by putting a lock; the brush is fitted at the other end of the holder so as to form an assembled smgle unit; during usage, first the brush is taken out, then by moving the slider forward, the paste is taken out on the brush & the brush is fitted back on the holder so as to form a single unit agam, so that it can be used as a brush, and after usage the brush can be cleaned by water for further use if necessary; 2} "A Novel Combination Construction ofPastetube & Brush so as to form a Single Entity & The Like" as stated in claim {1}, where, the above parts being made from plastics like PP;PVC;PE & the like material/s, in any conceivable size & shape & or any combination thereof. 3) )"A Novel Combination Construction ofPastetube & Brush so as to form a Single Entity & The Like " as stated in claim {1} & claim{2} a one time "USE & THROW" unit is manufactured by using above such parts wherem, the brush will have a hole at the center that will carry the paste from the tube to the brush directly when the slider is moved and after usage, the unit is to be discarded. 4}) "A Novel Combination Construction ofPastetube & Brush so as to form a Single Entity & The Like" as stated in claim {1 },claim{2}, claim{3 }wherein the combination(s) is used for other purppse(s) like application^) of'Rust Preventive Chemical', 'Nail Paint Application'. Mr.Narendra Sudhakar Shinde 8 Applicant ABSTRACT "A NOVEL COMBINATION CONSTRUCTION OF PASTETUBE & BRUSH SO AS TO FORM A SINGLE ENTITY & THE LIKE" The invention consists of a novel combination construction(s) of the Pastetube & Brush, of plastics e.g. Polypropelene, Polystyrene & the like material/s, in any conceivable size & shape, conical, cylindrical, squarish & or any combination/s thereof, where the combination unit is formed by parts like holder, brush, lock, slider & pastetube. The pastetube is fitted into the cavity of the holder. The slider is inserted into the cavity of the holder after fitting the pastetube so that the tip rests on the sealed end of the pastetube. This end is sealed by putting a lock. The brush is fitted at the other end of the holder so as to form a single unit. During usage, first the brush is taken out, then by moving the slider forward; the paste is taken out on the brush. The brush is again fitted on the holder so as to form a single unit again. Now, combination can be used as brush and after usage, the brush can be cleaned by water for further use. And this novel combination construction of Pastetube & Brush includes all other applications, machines, apparatus, equipments & the like as described in Patent Application /Specifications with reference to the accompanymg drawing/s. 5 figures. Mr.Narendra Sudhakar Shinde Applicant 9

Full Text

FORM-2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(Section-10)
"A NOVEL COMBINATION CONSTRUCTION OF PASTETUBE & BRUSH SO AS TO FORM A SINGLE ENTITY & THE LIKE"
Mr.Narendra Sudhakar Shinde
FlatNo.206,"Devadatta",
45/4 Karvenagar,
Pune411052
MAHARASHTRA STATE, INDIA.
Nationality: India
The following Specification particularly describes and ascertains the nature of this invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

"A NOVEL COMBINATION CONSTRUCTION OF PASTETUBE & BRUSH SO AS TO FORM A SINGLE ENTITY & THE LIKE" Introduction :
There are various applications in our day to day life where a liquid /paste is
applied or used by a brush. One of the common example is TOOTHPASTE &
TOOTHBRUSH.
Such example(s) are also evident in industrial applications. More particularly, this
invention provides a Novel Combined Construction(s) of Pastetube & Brush, & thus
also provides improvised products for all the applications involving application of
any paste & brush.
The invention is described herein by referring to TOOTHPASTE &
TOOTHBRUSH as a representative example for illustration purpose,
however, this Patent/Application/Specification also covers & includes many other
applications as well. Some such examples are: Rust removing paste, thread sealant,
lock-tight-threaded joints, nail-paint application and the like. This invention provides
economy in the consumption of packing material. The paste consumed is also
controlled. These achievements are possible without sacrificing any of the desired
technical property(s).
The invention offers the improvised product for all applications where a paste/ liquid
is applied by a brush; e.g. cleaning of machine parts by applying oil. This invention
provides convenience & economy in usage of both the Paste & brush.
Prior Art :
Presently; Toothpaste & Toothbrush are two separate entities. The size(s) of the toothpaste varies based on requirement of user. So also, lots of the shapes & styles of brushes are available. Both paste(s) & brush(s) are being sold as two different products in the market. If a person is travelling for a few days, he has to carry both Toothpaste & Toothbrush alongwith.
2

Regarding "PATENT SEARCH"; there are already few patents. The Patent Number/s & the subject matter/s are given below .
Patent No. Subject (in short)
142994 A disposable toothbrush
143167 A Toothbrush
144500 Toothbrush
145168 Stablizer flavoured Tooth cleaning article
146820 Toothbrushes
151892 Brushes for cleaning meshes of rotary screens
155342 A toothbrush & method for making the same
156816 An improved toothbrush
157398 Toothbrush
157662 Toothbrush
158537 Combined toothbrush & gum massage device
161748 An applicator for applying liquid on surface
169805 Improved toothbrush & tongue scraper assembly
172609 Toothbrush for the slow release of disinfectant &/or
anti-bacterial agent.
175260 An improved toothbrush
179737 Toothbrush head
179776 A toothbrush for use with tooth powder
180581 A hand actuated rotable toothbrush
181863 Paint brush with replaceable bristle pack
183020 An interdental toothbrush
183371 Toothbrush having separate fastners as bristle carrier
3

All these, however, refer to constructions other than what is proposed in this invention. Further, all the Prior Art/s item/s have some drawbacks & Deficiency(s) as mentioned below. The Deficiency(s) of the Prior Art :
1) Most of the time; one has to purchase a tube of smaller size only for travel purpose.
2) Sometimes one forgets to pack the toothpaste or brush or both. That invites more inconvenience especially if one is travelling a long distance
3) Special attention is required for packing these two items during travelling. Special care is required for packing toothpaste.
4) The space required for packing is also critical; especially when one is travelling by air.
5) The toothpaste tube being soft one; can get damaged under the weight of other articles. This may damage other valuable goods.
Presently, no one makes combination toothbrushes as proposed in this specification, where toothbrush & toothpaste are combined as a single entity. My Invention : Objects :
1) To offer a unique product that takes care of deficiency(s) of prior art.
2) To improve comfort for human being.
3) To reduce the consumption of packing materials & thus achieve economy. 4)To make Novel 'Combination' of Toothpaste & Toothbrush. Drawings :
The invention will now be described with the help of suitable drawings & figures, by means of explanatory numerals marked upon. The drawings & figure are schematic only. Drawings are not to scale. Drawings represent non-restrictive examples.
4

Drawings consist of 5 figures.
Referring to Fig.-[1 ]; a unique product consisting of a combination of a toothbrush & a toothpaste in & as one single unit is designed. The combination consists of following 5 parts.
Holder(l); Brush(2); Lock(3); Shder(4), Pastetube (5) All the parts are shown separately & also in assembled state. The four parts, namely, holder(l), brush(2), lock(3) &slider(4) are moulded or formed separately. The toothpaste material is filled m a tube (5). This tube (5) is sealed from & at one end (6). The tube (5) is fitted into the cavity (7) of the holder (1). The cavity (7) is shown in the cross-sectional drawing "A-A". The Slider (4) is inserted into the cavity after fitting the tube. The slider (4) is fitted in such a way so that the tip (8) rests above the sealed end (6) of the tube (5). When the slider is moved forward; the paste comes out from the other end (9). Thus the tube (5) has two ends (6) & (9).
This assembly of holder (1), slider (4) & pastetube (5) is sealed by putting a lock (3) at one end(6). The brush (2) is fitted on holder (1) by any known method. One such method is of thread arrangement (10). The other end (9) of the holder (1) has threads & a brush (2) with threading is fitted onto it.
The top face (11) of the holder & the top face (12) of the brush are in 180 degree out of phase m assembled condition so as to avoid the pressure of user's thumb on the slider (4) & on the tube. The fixing position, however, can be any conceivable as well.
During use of the combination product, first, the brush (2) is to be separated or disengaged from the holder assembly. Then by moving the slider (4) forward, toothpaste is taken out on the brush that is already disengaged from the assembly. After taking paste, the brush is to be again assembled with the holder (1). Now the unit is ready to be used as a brush for cleaning the teeth. After usage, The brush is washed & cleaned by water for further usage.
5

The combination(s) is /are not restricted to any one particular shape or size, and,
accordingly Fig.-[2] & Fig.-[3] show some more types of configurations for locking
arrangement of the slider with the holder.
Fig.-[2] shows zig-zag type arrangement on the holder for movement of the slider.
Fig.-[3] shows a combination of zig-zag & square arrangement on the holder for
movement of the slider.
Fig.-[4] shows a one time "Use &Throw" type construction.
Fig.-[5] shows an arrangement for application of liquid/paste by a brush by using
above described principle, however ,in fig[5], the brush has a different design, e.g.
useful for nail-paint application.
Likewise, the holder, slider, lock, brush, pastetube can be in any form, shape & size.
Likewise, further, this principle of "providing a novel
Combination construction of pastetube & brush "is extended to many other
applications:- machines, apparatus, equipments & the like. Separate drawings for
those are not given here. As an example(s) it is mentioned here that 'Rust Removing
Paste' & or' Rust Preventing Paste (chemical)' can also be applied by such handy &
convenient method at site(in situ).
Advantages / Applications & Use of the Invention :
1) Improvement m simplicity & thus flexibility & use.
2) Both (tooth) paste &(tooth) brush are getting carried in same unit; so it becomes easy to carry during travelling or "in situ" situations.
3) No need to buy separately toothbrush & toothpaste.
4) The design of the product is such that it takes care of the safety of the tube which is otherwise always delicate.
5) Lesser & controlled consumption of all the materials: packing & the paste material to be used. Overall economy is achieved without sacrificing any of the desired technical property/s. There is saving on packaging material as well.
6

6) it can be useful for the hotels & all air lines who are ottering toothpaste & toothbrush to the customers as complimentary gifts.
7) The combination product is most handy & economical at "m-situ" & critical process(es).
Statement of Invention, in one sentence :
According to this invention, therefore, " a Novel Combination Construction^) of the Pastetube & Brush so as to form a single entity & the like" consists of Parts, namely, holder, brush, lock, slider & pastetube in assembled condition where
the pastetube is fitted into the cavity of the holder,
the slider is inserted into the cavity of the holder after fitting the pastetube so that the tip of the slider rests on the sealed end of the pastetube, and this end of the holder is sealed by putting a lock; the brush is fitted at the other end of the holder so as to form an assembled single unit;
during usage, first the brush is taken out, then by moving the slider forward, the paste is taken out on the brush & the brush is fitted back on the holder so as to form a single unit again, so that it can be used as a brush,
and after usage the brush can be cleaned by water for further use if necessary; the above parts namely, holder, brush, lock & shder,are being made from plastics like PP;PVC;PE & the like material/s, in any conceivable size & shape & or any combination thereof and a one time "USE & THROW" also being made.
7

I Claim :
1} "A Novel Combination Construction ofPastetube & Brush so as to form a Single Entity & The Like" consists of as substantially explained in the accompanying drawings, parts namely holder, brush, lock, slider, pastetube in assembled condition where the pastetube is fitted into the cavity of the holder, the slider is inserted into the cavity of the holder after fitting the pastetube so that the tip of the slider rests on the sealed end of the pastetube ,and this end of the holder is sealed by putting a lock; the brush is fitted at the other end of the holder so as to form an assembled smgle unit; during usage, first the brush is taken out, then by moving the slider forward, the paste is taken out on the brush & the brush is fitted back on the holder so as to form a single unit agam, so that it can be used as a brush, and after usage the brush can be cleaned by water for further use if necessary;
2} "A Novel Combination Construction ofPastetube & Brush so as to form a Single Entity & The Like" as stated in claim {1}, where, the above parts being made from plastics like PP;PVC;PE & the like material/s, in any conceivable size & shape & or any combination thereof.
3) )"A Novel Combination Construction ofPastetube & Brush so as to form a Single Entity & The Like " as stated in claim {1} & claim{2} a one time "USE & THROW" unit is manufactured by using above such parts wherem, the brush will have a hole at the center that will carry the paste from the tube to the brush directly when the slider is moved and after usage, the unit is to be discarded.

4}) "A Novel Combination Construction ofPastetube & Brush so as to form a Single Entity & The Like" as stated in claim {1 },claim{2}, claim{3 }wherein the combination(s) is used for other purppse(s) like application^) of'Rust Preventive Chemical', 'Nail Paint Application'.
Mr.Narendra Sudhakar Shinde
8 Applicant

ABSTRACT
"A NOVEL COMBINATION CONSTRUCTION OF PASTETUBE & BRUSH SO AS TO FORM A SINGLE ENTITY & THE LIKE"
The invention consists of a novel combination construction(s) of the Pastetube & Brush, of plastics e.g. Polypropelene, Polystyrene & the like material/s, in any conceivable size & shape, conical, cylindrical, squarish & or any combination/s thereof, where the combination unit is formed by parts like holder, brush, lock, slider & pastetube. The pastetube is fitted into the cavity of the holder. The slider is inserted into the cavity of the holder after fitting the pastetube so that the tip rests on the sealed end of the pastetube. This end is sealed by putting a lock. The brush is fitted at the other end of the holder so as to form a single unit. During usage, first the brush is taken out, then by moving the slider forward; the paste is taken out on the brush. The brush is again fitted on the holder so as to form a single unit again. Now, combination can be used as brush and after usage, the brush can be cleaned by water for further use. And this novel combination construction of Pastetube & Brush includes all other applications, machines, apparatus, equipments & the like as described in Patent Application /Specifications with reference to the accompanymg drawing/s.

5 figures.

Mr.Narendra Sudhakar Shinde Applicant

9

A DEVICE WITH BRUSH FOR CONTROLLED DISPENSING OF LIQUID/PASTE FROM REPLACEABLE TUBE CARTRIDGE

Documents:

Inventors:

PCT Conventions: