Title of Invention	METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF EMULSION FUEL AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCTION OF THE FUEL
Abstract	Disclosed is an emulsion-type water-mixed fuel which causes no separation between an oil phase and an aqueous phase and therefore has excellent stability, has a high combustion efficiency, and an extremely high energy-saving effect. Specifically disclosed is an emulsion fuel in which an aqueous phase or an oil phase has an average particle diameter of 1000 nm or less (more preferably 200 to 700 nm), which can be produced by finely dividing and mixing 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil with 10.0 to 150.0 parts by volume (more preferably 25.0 to 120.0 parts by volume) of a water by a finely-dividing/mixing means while adding the water tothe combustible oil. The water preferably has a reduction potential of -100 mv or lower, preferably -300 mv or lower.

Title of Invention

METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF EMULSION FUEL AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCTION OF THE FUEL

Abstract

Disclosed is an emulsion-type water-mixed fuel which causes no separation between an oil phase and an aqueous phase and therefore has excellent stability, has a high combustion efficiency, and an extremely high energy-saving effect. Specifically disclosed is an emulsion fuel in which an aqueous phase or an oil phase has an average particle diameter of 1000 nm or less (more preferably 200 to 700 nm), which can be produced by finely dividing and mixing 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil with 10.0 to 150.0 parts by volume (more preferably 25.0 to 120.0 parts by volume) of a water by a finely-dividing/mixing means while adding the water tothe combustible oil. The water preferably has a reduction potential of -100 mv or lower, preferably -300 mv or lower.

Full Text	FORM 2 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 of 1970) & The Patent Rules, 2003 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION 1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION: METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF EMULSION FUEL AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCTION OF THE FUEL 2. APPLICANT: Name: NANOMIZER Inc. Nationality: Japan Address: 1-1-40, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa, Japan 230-0045. 3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION: The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed: Technical Field The present invention relates to a water-oil emulsion fuel, and more particularly, to an invention capable of contributing to energy saving and pollution control in a case where particles constituting an emulsion of water and a combustible oil are formed into ultrafine particles, and an obtained emulsion fuel is used as a fuel for various power engines or combustion furnaces. Background Art In these days, the reduction of an amount of oil usage due to a rise of a crude oil and in conformity with enforcement of Kyoto Protocol is a big issue all over the world. Under the circumstances, researches on an emulsion-type water-mixed fuel have been made also in Japan, and many patent applications relating to compositions and manufacturing methods therefor have been filed. Some of those applications have been made into a practical use. {Patent Document) JP 2006-329438 (Patent Document) JP 2006-188616 (Patent Document) JP 2005-344088 {Patent Document) JP 2004-123947 (Patent Document) JP 2003-113385 As described above, various emulsion-type water-mixed fuels are proposed. However, there still has an aspect of lacking in stable combustion, thereby being not reached a state of being practically adopted. In addition, the diameters of the particles constituting those emulsions are several urn to several tens pm. The inventors of the present invention have sought the stability, which being identified as the shortcomings of the emulsion-type water-mixed fuel, and have pursued their intensive studies, based on an idea that there needs a mixing thereof under a ultrafine particle state (nanolevel), in order to stably combust the emulsion of water and the combustion oil. Disclosure of the Invention As a result of the intensive studies, the inventors of the present invention found that combustion with high efficiency, which could not be attained by the conventional emulsion fuel, may be realized by reducing an average particle diameter of respective particles in the emulsion fuel into 1,000 nm or less. Further, the inventors of the present invention found that, in order to stabilize the emulsion of water and the combustion oil so as not to cause separation therein, it is preferred to form a mixture of ultrafine particle state (nano level). In addition, also found was that if the water used for the production thereof is subjected to reduction, a surface tension of the water is reduced, whereby the water becomes likely to easily mix with the combustible oil, and that, under an extreme state, the mixing is attained with no emulsifier. The present invention has been made based on the above-mentioned findings, and relates to a method and an apparatus for production of an emulsion fuel having the following constructions. (1) A method for production of an emulsion fuel, comprising, while adding 10.0 to 150.0 parts by volume of a water with respect to 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil (more preferably, 25.0 to 120.0 parts by volume of a water with respect to 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil), finely-dividing and mixing the water and the combustible oil by a finely-dividing and mixing means, to thereby form an emulsion fuel in which an average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 1,000 nm or less. (2) A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to the above item (1), wherein the emulsion fuel, in which the average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 200 to 700 nm, is formed by finely-dividing and mixing the water and the combustible oil by the finely-dividing and mixing means. (3) A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to the above item (1)/ wherein the emulsion fuel, in which the average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 200 to 700 nm, is formed by adding the combustible oil to the water having a reduction potential of -10 0 mv or lower, and by finely-dividing and mixing the water and the combustible oil by the finely-dividing and mixing means. (4) A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to any one of the above items (1) to (3), wherein the water is one or two or more selected from a tap water for drinking, a rain water, a domestic waste water, an organic waste water, an industrial waste water, or a stockbreeding waste water. (5) A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to any one of the above items (1) to (4) , wherein the combustible oil is one kind or two or more kinds selected from: petroleum such as a heavy oil, a light oil, a lamp oil, and a volatile oil; an industrial waste oil; and cooking oils such as a tempura oil, a soybean oil, a sesame oil. (6) A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to any one of the above items (1) to (5) , wherein the combustible oil or the water, or the combustible oil and the water comprise (s) PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyl) ordioxins, or PCBs and dioxins. (7) A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to any one of the above items (1) to (6), wherein the finely-dividing and mixing means comprises an apparatus in which a primary mixture liquid including the water and the combustible oil is subjected to a pressure, and is finely-divided and mixed through a cavitation effect due to turbulence generated at one or two or more of orifices. (8) A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to any one of the above items (1) to (7), wherein the finely-dividing and mixing means comprises an apparatus in which: a primary mixture liquid including the water and the combustible oil is subjected to a pressure to be caused to flow within a pump at a flow rate of 50 m/s or more; the primary mixture liquid is accelerated to pass into holes of a wall member having multiple holes each having a diameter of 500 urn or less formed therein; and is finely-divided and mixed through a cavitation effect due to turbulence between flows of the liquid. (9) An apparatus for production of ah emulsion fuel, including: a water-combustible oil primary mixing means for primarily mixing a water and a combustible oil, while adding 10.0 to 150.0 parts by volume of the water with respect to 100 parts by volume of the combustible oil (more preferably, 25.0 to 120.0 parts by volume of the water with respect to 100 parts by volume of the combustible oil); and a finely-dividing and mixing means for finely-dividing and mixing a water-combustible oil-based primary mixture liquid obtained by the primary mixing means into a fine particle state, to thereby form an emulsion fuel in which an average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 1,000 nm or less. (10) An apparatus for production of an emulsion fuel according to the above item (9), wherein the finely-dividing and mixing means finely-divide and mix the water-combustible oil-based mixture obtained by the primary mixing means into the fine particle state, to thereby form an emulsion fuel in which the average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 200 to 700 nm. (11) A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to the above item (9) or (10), wherein a reduction potential of the water to be adopted is -100 mv or lower. (12) An apparatus for production of an emulsion fuel according to any one of the above items (9) to (11), wherein the finely-dividing and mixing means pressurizes the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture liquid to cause to pass through one or two or more of small pores, and finely-divides andmixes through a cavitation effect due to turbulence generated at orifices. (13) An apparatus for production of an emulsion fuel according to any one of the above items (9) to (11), wherein the finely-dividing and mixing means pressurizes the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture liquid to cause to flow within a pump at a flow rate of 50 m/s or more; accelerates the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture liquid to pass into holes of a wall member having multiple holes each having a diameter of 200 urn or less formed therein; and finely-divides and mixes the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture liquid by causing a cavitation by turbulence between flows of the liquid generated by orifices. (14) An emulsion fuel, wherein 10.0 to 150.0 parts by volume of a water is mixed with respect to 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil (more preferably, 25.0 to 120.0 parts by volume of a water with respect to 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil) by the finely-dividing and mixing means, and an average diameter of the combustible oil is 1,000 nm or less. (15) An emulsion fuel according to the above item (14), wherein the average diameter of the water or the combustible oil in the emulsion fuel is 200 to 700 nm. In addition/ the following inventions having other aspects are also proposed. (16) An operation method for an internal combustion engine, comprising: while adding 25.0 to 40.0 parts by volume of a water with respect to 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil, finely-dividing and mixing the water and the combustible oil by a finely-dividing and mixing means, to thereby form an emulsion fuel in which an average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 1,000 nm or less; and spraying the obtained emulsion fuel into a reciprocating engine, to thereby operate the internal combustion engine. {17) An operation method for an internal combustion engine, comprising: while adding 25.0 to 40.0 parts by volume of a water with respect to 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil, finely-dividing and mixing the water and the combustible oil by a finely-dividing and mixing means , to thereby form an emulsion fuel in which an average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 200 to 700 nm; and spraying the obtained emulsion fuel into a reciprocating engine, to thereby operate the internal combustion engine. (18) An emulsion fuel for operating a reciprocating engine, wherein 25.0 to 40.0 parts by volume of a water is mixed with respect to 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil by the finely-dividing and mixing means, and an average diameter of a water or a combustible oil in the emulsion fuel is 200 to 700 nm. Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is graphs illustrating fuel test results of a power engine which uses an emulsion fuel according to the present invention and another fuel. Fig. 2 is graphs illustrating fuel test results of the power engine which uses the emulsion fuel according to the present invention and the other fuel. Fig. 3 is graphs illustrating fuel test results of the power engine which uses the emulsion fuel according to the present invention and the other fuel. Fig. 4 is graphs illustrating fuel test results of the power engine which uses the emulsion fuel according to the present invention and the other fuel. Best Mode for carrying out the Invention In the present invention, an oil and a water are mixed together under ultra fine states to produce an emulsion fuel, thereby being capable of contributing to improve fuel consumption and to make combustion exhaust gas clean. As a finely-dividing and mixing means used for producing the emulsion fuel of the present invention, for example, there may be given an apparatus, which pressurizes a primary mixture liquid including a water and a combustible oil to finely divides and mixes through a cavitation effect due to turbulence generated at one or two or more of orifices. Further, as the finely-dividing and mixing means, there may be given an apparatus, which pressurizes a primary mixture liquid including a water and a combustible oil to cause to flow within a pump at a flow rate of 50 m/s or more; accelerates the primary mixture liquid to pass into holes of a wall member having multiple holes each having a diameter of 500 urn or less formed therein; and finely divides and mixes through a cavitation effect due to turbulence generated between flows of the liquid. In addition, a preferred method for the production of an emulsion fuel includes using: a water-combustible oil primary mixing means for primarily mixing a water and a combustible oil, while adding 10.0 to 150.0 parts by volume of the water (more preferably, 25.0 to 120.0 parts by volume of the.water) with respect to 100 parts by volume of the combustible oil; and a finely-dividing and mixing means for finely-dividing and mixing the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture liquid obtained by the primary mixing means into a fine particle state, to thereby form an emulsion fuel in which an average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 1,000 nm or less. Preferably, while adding 25 to 12 0 parts by volume of a water with respect to 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil, the mixture liquid is introduced into Nanomizer (Product Name; apparatus for finely-dividing and mixing a primary mixture liquid dispersed within a liquid sample, which is manufactured by Yoshida Kikai Co. , Ltd.) , and the primary mixture liquid including the water and the combustible oil is finely-divided and mixed, thereby forming an emulsion fuel of a mixture including a ultra fine in being easily mixed together. Like this, although adjustments of factors such as the reduction potential of the water, temperature, and the pressure of Nanomizer are associated but those are relative to each other. Therefore, in a case where the combustible oil is added to the water having the reduction potential which is lowered to -100 mv or less, preferably -300 mv to -700 mv, and the temperature thereof is raised to 50°C or more, preferably to 70 to 90°C, and the oil and the water are finely-divided and mixed into a ultra fine particle state, there is a relationship that the pressure of Nanomizer may be made relatively small when the reduction potential becomes lower. Example 1 Descriptions are made of examples and a comparative example of the present invention. First, 8 L of a water (tap water) was heated to 70°C, and an oxidation-reduction potential thereof was reduced to -114 mv using a bath water reduction apparatus manufactured by Kangen Co., Ltd. To 1.96 L of the reduced water, 5.88 L of an A heavy oil and 160 cc of an emulsifier were added, and after a primary agitation by a manual agitation, the resultant mixture was caused to pass through Nanomizer with a pressure 3 MP to be finely-divided and mixed, whereby an emulsion fuel of the present invention was produced. The obtained emulsion fuel is a W/O type emulsion, and average diameter of the water in the emulsion was 300 to 500 nm. The thus obtained emulsion fuel of the present invention was set to be Sample 2. The mixture liquid produced in the same way as in Sample 2 was caused to pass through Nanomizer with 8 MP to obtain an emulsion fuel of the present invention, which was set to be Sample 3. Further, Sample 1 is a A heavy oil as a comparative example, Sample 4 is a light oil as a comparative example, and Samples 5 and 6 each are obtained by the same processing as in Samples 2 and 3, and are emulsion fuels of the present invention in which the light oil is used in place of the A heavy oil. (Sample 5 and Sample 6 were caused to pass through Nanomizer with pressures of 3 MP and 8 MP, respectively, to be finely-divided and mixed). Details of the respective test samples are listed as follows. (Emulsion fuel, and A heavy oil and light oil for comparison, which were used for engine characteristics test) Sample 1: A heavy oil 100% (for comparison) Sample 2: A heavy oil 73.5%, reduced water 24.5%, activator 2%, processed by Nanomizer with 3 MP (emulsion fuel) Sample 3: A heavy oil 73.5%, reduced water 24.5%, activator 2% processed by Nanomizer with 8 MP (emulsion fuel) Sample 4: light oil 100% (for comparison) Sample 5: light oil 73.5%, reduced water24.5%, activator 2%, processed by Nanomizer with 3 MP (emulsion fuel) Sample 6: light oil 73.5%, reduced water24.5%, activator 2%, processed by Nanomizer with 8 MP (emulsion fuel) Results of combustion tests of the engine using the above-mentioned respective samples are shown in Table 1 to Table 3, and Fig. 1 to Fig. 4. [Table 1] Name of Fuel Output (KW) Torque (N-m) Exhaust Temperature (°C) Smoke (%) Fuel Consumption (L/H) S amp1e 1 3. 45 32.96 442 96 1.89 Sample 2 3. 52 33. 51 450 74 1.31 Sample 3 3.51 33.44 447 80 1.31 Sample 4 3.49 33. 10 431 96 1.91 Sample 5 3.53 33.56 448 76 1. 35 Sample 6 3.53 33. 64 442 80 1.29 [Table 2] *average value at 1,400, 1800, and 2,200 rpm was taken for comparison. Name of Fuel Output (KW) Torque (N-m) Exhaust temperatur e (°C) Smoke (%) Fuel Consumption (L/H) Sample 1 6.84 33.1 592 86 2.77 Sample 2 6.46 31.7 554 53 2.05 Sample 3 6. 43 31. 5 560 50 2.04 Sample 4 6.75 32. 7 519 83 2. 7 4 Sample 5 6.47 31. 8 558 50 2.06 Sample 6 6. 47 31. 8 566 52 2.09 [Table 3] Name of Fuel Output (KW) Torque (N-m) Exhaust temperatur e (°C) Smoke (%) Fuel Consumption (L/H) Sample 1 4 .57 16.01 441 46 2.59 Sample 2 4 .22 14. 74 443 7 1. 86 Sample 3 4.21 14.81 441 4 1.85 S amp1e 4 4.16 14.55 338 18 2. 59 Sample 5 4.23 14.80 385 4 1.86 Sample 6 4. 10 14.42 377 4 1.89 Table 1 is test results of a case in which the number of rotation of the engine is 1, 000 rpm, Table 2 is test results of a case in which the number of rotation of the engine is 1,400 to 2,200 rpm, and Table 3 is test results of a case in which the number of rotation of the engine is 2,700 rpm. Further, Fig. 1 is graphs showing engine test results in which Sample 1 (comparative example fuel) and Sample 2 (emulsion fuel of the present invention) were used, Fig. 2 is graphs showing engine test results in which Sample 1 (comparative example fuel) and Sample 3 (emulsion fuel of the present invention) were used, Fig. 3 is graphs showing engine test results in which Sample 4 (comparative example fuel) and Sample 5 (emulsion fuel of the present invention) were used, and Fig. 4 is graphs showing engine test results in which Sample 4 (comparative example fuel) and Sample 6 (emulsion fuel of the present invention) were used. Example 2 In this example, a diesel generator of 13ES-type manufactured by Denyo Co. , Ltd. was used to successively measure the concentrations of nitrogen oxides and oxygen within an exhaust gas together with a power generation amount per unit heavy oil, whereby the power generation efficiency of the emulsion fuel of the present invention was measured. As the emulsion fuel of the present invention, an emulsion fuel having a composition including 75 wt% of a Special A heavy oil, 24.7 wt% of a water, and 0.3 wt% of an emulsifier was produced and used. To 8.33 L of the A heavy oil, 2.50 L of the water and 0.04 L of the emulsifier 0.04 L (100 parts by volume of the heavy oil: 29.7 parts by volume of the water: 0.5 parts by volume of the emulsifier) were added, and after a primary agitation by a manual agitation, the resultant mixture was caused to pass through Nanomizer with a pressure 3 MP to be finely-divided and mixed, thus the emulsion fuel of the present invention was produced. The average diameter of the water in the emulsion fuel was 300 to 500 nm. The emulsion fuel of the present invention and sole A heavy oil (comparative example) are used as the fuels to successively operate the above-mentioned diesel generator, NOx concentration within the exhaust gas and the power generation amount were measured. The concentrations of NOx and O2 within the exhaust gas were measured successively at an exit smoke-flue of the generator. The measurement results of the exhaust gas, which was generated by the use of the emulsion fuel of the present invention, are shown in Table 4, and the measurement results of the exhaust gas when the Special A heavy oil was solely used as fuel are shown in Table 5. In the case where the emulsion fuel of the present invention was used, an average NOx concentration within the exhaust gas was 193 ppm. When the heavy oil was solely used as fuel, the average value of the NOx concentration was 369 ppm. As a result, there was found that the NOx concentration within the exhaust gas may be largely reduced by the use of the fuel of the present invention. [Table 4] Combustion results of emulsion fuel (Special A heavy oil 75%, H20 24.7%, emulsifier 0.3%) Measureme NOx 02 NOx 02 Exhaust Gas nt Time measured Concentratio Equivalent Temperatur ( : ) value n (ppm) e (ppm) (%) 13% Conversion (°C) Value 12:50 130 14 .5 160 12:55 140 14 .2 165 13:00 175 12. 6 167 13:05 194 12.1 174 13:10 205 12. 0 182 13:15 201 12.0 179 190 13:20 201 12.1 179 13:25 201 12. 0 181 13:30 211 12 .0 188 13:35 212 12.0 188 13:40 208 12.0 185 190 13: 45 214 12.0 190 13:50 217 12.0 193 191 13:55 196 12.0 174 191 193 12. 4 179 Used instrument: NOx meter chemiluminescence (Best Instrument, BCL-611 type) 02 meter zirconiamethod (Best Instrument, BCL-611type) Measurement method: NOx concentration JIS B7982 continuous analysis O2 concentration JIS B7 983 continuous analysis Exhaust gas temperature in conformity with JIS Z-8808 [Table 5] NOx, O2 Concentrations, Continuous Measurement Results Special A-heavy oil 100% Combustion Measureme . nt Time C : ) NOx Measuremen t Value (ppm) 02 Concentratio n (%) NOx 02 Equivalent (ppm) 13% Conversion Value Temperatur e of Exhaust Gas (°C) 10:55 305 14. 6 381 11:00 306 14 .7 389 11:05 359 12. 9 355 11:10 406 11. 7 349 11:15 408 11.7 351 11:20 397 11.7 342 11: 2 S 379 12.0 337 11:30 380 12.2 345 154 11:35 373 12.2 339 154 11:40 375 12.2 341 154 11:45 376 12.2 342 154 Average 369 12.6 352 Used instrument: NOx meter chemiluminescence (Best Instrument, BCL-611 type) O2 meter zirconiamethod (Best Instrument, BCL-611type) Measurement method: NOx concentration JIS B7982 continuous analysis O2 concentration JIS B7983 continuous analysis Exhaust gas temperature in conformity with JIS Z-8808 Further, results of power generation of this example are shown in Table 6, The power generation amount per unit heavy oil of the diesel generator was 3.33 KWH/Kg when the emulsion fuel of the present invention was used, and was 2.73 KWH/Kg when the sole heavy oil was used as fuel. In the emulsion fuel of the present invention, the power generation amount was increased by about 22%, whereby it was shown that the power generation efficiency of the emulsion fuel of the present invention was improved. [Table 6] Application to diesel generator Conven-t ional MethodD Fuel A-heavy oil (g) A-heavy oil within fuel (g) Power Generati on Amount KWH Power Generation Amount of A-heavy Oil per 1 kg KWH/Kg 4, 395 4,395 11. 9 2.71 4, 400 4,400 11. 7 2.66 6, 035 6,035 17.0 2. 81 Average 2.73 Patent Method Emulsion Fuel A-heavy oil 75%, Water 24.7% Emulsifier 0.3%{g) A-heavy oil within fuel (g) Power Generati on Amount KWH Power Generation Amount of A-heavy Oil per 1 kg KWH/Kg 6, 460 4, 703 18. 5 3. 93 4,510 3,270 10.8 3.30 5, 540 4,009 12.8 3.19 5, 595 4, 048 13.1 3.24 1, 470 1, 063 3. 1 3.01 Average 3.33 Note: Power generator: TLG-13ESY type, manufactured by Denyo 10.5 KVA, 200 V, Three phase The followings are found from the above-mentioned combustion test results of the above-mentioned respective samples. 1. In all the sample fuels, there was no large variation in performances under full load operation. 2. In the emulsion fuel, smoke was markedly improved. 3. The consumption amount (use amount) of the combustible oil for obtaining an output and torque exerted by solely using a combustible oil was reduced by about 25% by using the emulsion fuel of the present invention. 4. In the emulsion fuel, performance of the engine was degraded during light loading. The exhaust temperature was also lowered. In other words, the emulsion fuel of the present invention, in which 24.5% of the water was added to the A-heavy oil or the light oil, exhibited almost the same characteristics as 100% A-heavy oil or 100% light oil up to 2,200 rpm. This is astonishingly excellent performance. However, at the rotation of 2,600 rpm or more, it seems to cause a misfire. Accordingly, in a case where the emulsion fuel of the present invention is used for a ship, for instance, it is considered to be good to use a light oil in a harbor, and then to switch to use the emulsion fuel outside the harbor. Industrial Applicability According to the present invention, the mixture liquid including a water and a combustible oil is, for example, subjected to a pressure to cause to pass through one or a plurality of small holes, thereby producing the emulsion fuel by finely-diving and mixing the mixture through the cavitation effect due to the turbulence generated when passing through orifices. For example, the emulsion fuel containing about 25% of the finely-divided and mixed water does not cause engine troubles, if being burned within the engine, and exhibits substantially the same output and torque with the A-heavy oil or the light oil. In addition, the fuel consumption amount is also the same even though 25% of the water is contained therein (by simple calculation, 25% of energy saving is attained). Moreover, the generations of soot and dioxin are reduced into 1/2 to 1/5 (theoretically no generation), and NOx was also reduced into about 1/2 to 1/3. As a result, the emulsion fuel of the present invention has a further energy saving effect as a fuel for combustion furnace, and attains 25 to 35% energy saving. In addition, the waste oil may also be used as a raw material. Conventionally, the emulsion fuel (water-oil-based emulsion-type water-mixed fuel) is obtained by adding 0.5 to 5% of the emulsifier to the water and oil, and by agitating and mixing the mixture into emulsion, and generally contains particles having an average diameter of several um to several tens pm. Even if the emulsion fuel is produced using a particularly excellent emulsifier, the average particle diameter was about several pm (about 1 to 3 pm), which is a so-called water-mixed fuel of an emulsified-state liquid {emulsion fuel). However, the emulsion fuel of the emulsified-state liquid has a tendency of separating with elapse of time, and, even if the separation does not occur, has a nature in which the viscosity thereof becomes higher (dilatancy) with the elapse of time, which is opposite to thixotropy, thereby causing an accident such as clogging of a pipe or a nozzle. The emulsion fuel obtained by the present invention constitutes an emulsion fuel in which the oil and the water are mixed under a ultra fine particle state (nano level), and the average particle diameter constituting the water or the combustible oil is 1, 000 nm, prefer ably200 to 700 nm. As a result, the stability thereof is extremely excellent, and has high combustion efficiency, whereby the emulsion fuel of the present invention may be used for all the purposes such as for an engine, a combustion furnace, an incinerator, a boiler, and a generator. For example, if the emulsion fuel of the present invention is used for an engine fuel for a vehicle and a ship, 15 to 25% of energy saving may be achieved. Further, soot and dioxin may be reduced into 1/2 to 1/5, and NOx may be reduced about 1/2 to 1/3, thereby attaining low pollution and excellent stability. As a result, it becomes possible to produce the fine particle mixture liquid at a gas station, and to refuel the liquid into a fuel tank of the vehicle as currently carried out. Moreover, the emulsion fuel of the present invention may be applied for the boiler1, the generator, the combustion furnace and the incinerator, and utilization of the waste oil is possible. Such a result was obtained that, if the emulsion fuel of the present invention is used for the combustion furnace, the energy saving effect may be increased by 30 to 40%. We claim: 1. A method for production of an emulsion f uel, comprising, while adding 10.0 to 150.0 parts by volume of a water with respect to 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil, finely-dividing and mixing the water and the combustible oil by a finely-dividing and mixing means, to thereby form an emulsion fuel in which an average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 1,000 nm or less. 2. A method for production of an emulsion fuel according toclaiml, wherein the emulsion fuel, in which the average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 200 to 700 nm, is formed by finely-dividing and mixing the water and the combustible oil by the finely-dividing and mixing means. 3. A method for production of an emulsion fuel according toclaiml, wherein the emulsion fuel, in which the average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 200 to 700 nm, is formed by adding the combustible oil to the water having a reduction potential of -100 mv or lower, and by finely-dividing and mixing the water and the combustible oil by the finely-dividing and mixing means. 4. A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water is one or two or more selected from a tap water for drinking, a rain water, a domestic waste water, an organic waste water, an industrial waste water, or a stockbreeding waste water. 5. A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the combustible oil is one kind or two or more kinds selected from: petroleum such as a heavyoil, alightoil, alampoil, and a volatile oil; an industrial waste oil; and cooking oils such as a tempura oil, a soybean oil, a sesame oil. 6. A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the combustible oil or the 11. A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to claim 9 or 10, wherein a reduction potential of the water to be adopted is -100 mv or lower. 12. An apparatus forproductionof an emulsion fuel according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the finely-dividing and mixing means pressurizes the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture liquid to cause to pass through one or two or more of small pores, and finely-divides and mixes through a cavitation effect due to turbulence generated at orifices. 13. An apparatus forproductionof an emulsion fuel according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the finely-dividing and mixing means pressurizes the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture liquid to cause to flow within a pump at a flow rate of 50 m/s or more; accelerates the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture liquid to pass into holes of a wall member having multiple holes each having a diameter of 200 urn or less formed therein; and finely-divides and mixes the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture liquid by causing a cavitation by turbulence generated by orifices between flows of the liquid. 14. An emulsion fuel, wherein 10.0 to 150.0 parts by volume of a water is mixed with respect to 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil by the finely-dividing and mixing means, and an average diameter of the combustible oil is 1,000 nm or less. 15. An emulsion fuel according to claim 14, wherein the average diameter ofthewaterorthe combustible oil inthe emulsion fuel is 200 to 700 nm. Dated this 4th day of March, 2009.

Full Text

FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 of 1970) & The Patent Rules, 2003 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION:
METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF EMULSION FUEL AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCTION OF THE FUEL

2. APPLICANT:
Name: NANOMIZER Inc.
Nationality: Japan
Address: 1-1-40, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa, Japan 230-0045.
3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION:
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed:

Technical Field
The present invention relates to a water-oil emulsion fuel, and more particularly, to an invention capable of contributing to energy saving and pollution control in a case where particles constituting an emulsion of water and a combustible oil are formed into ultrafine particles, and an obtained emulsion fuel is used as a fuel for various power engines or combustion furnaces.
Background Art
In these days, the reduction of an amount of oil usage due to a rise of a crude oil and in conformity with enforcement of Kyoto Protocol is a big issue all over the world. Under the circumstances, researches on an emulsion-type water-mixed fuel have been made also in Japan, and many patent applications relating to compositions and manufacturing methods therefor have been filed. Some of those applications have been made into a practical use.
{Patent Document) JP 2006-329438
(Patent Document) JP 2006-188616
(Patent Document) JP 2005-344088
{Patent Document) JP 2004-123947
(Patent Document) JP 2003-113385
As described above, various emulsion-type water-mixed fuels are proposed. However, there still has an aspect of lacking in stable combustion, thereby being not reached a state of being practically adopted. In addition, the diameters of the particles constituting those emulsions are several urn to several tens pm.
The inventors of the present invention have sought the stability, which being identified as the shortcomings of the emulsion-type water-mixed fuel, and have pursued their intensive studies, based on an idea that there needs a mixing thereof under a ultrafine particle state (nanolevel), in order to stably combust the emulsion of water and the combustion oil.
Disclosure of the Invention
As a result of the intensive studies, the inventors of the present invention found that combustion with high efficiency, which could not be attained by the conventional emulsion fuel,

may be realized by reducing an average particle diameter of respective particles in the emulsion fuel into 1,000 nm or less.
Further, the inventors of the present invention found that, in order to stabilize the emulsion of water and the combustion oil so as not to cause separation therein, it is preferred to form a mixture of ultrafine particle state (nano level).
In addition, also found was that if the water used for the production thereof is subjected to reduction, a surface tension of the water is reduced, whereby the water becomes likely to easily mix with the combustible oil, and that, under an extreme state, the mixing is attained with no emulsifier.
The present invention has been made based on the above-mentioned findings, and relates to a method and an apparatus for production of an emulsion fuel having the following constructions.
(1) A method for production of an emulsion fuel, comprising, while adding 10.0 to 150.0 parts by volume of a water with respect to 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil (more preferably, 25.0 to 120.0 parts by volume of a water with respect to 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil), finely-dividing and mixing the water and the combustible oil by a finely-dividing and mixing means, to thereby form an emulsion fuel in which an average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 1,000 nm or less.
(2) A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to the above item (1), wherein the emulsion fuel, in which the average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 200 to 700 nm, is formed by finely-dividing and mixing the water and the combustible oil by the finely-dividing and mixing means.
(3) A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to the above item (1)/ wherein the emulsion fuel, in which the average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 200 to 700 nm, is formed by adding the combustible oil to the water having a reduction potential of -10 0 mv or lower, and by finely-dividing and mixing the water and the combustible oil by the finely-dividing and mixing means.
(4) A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to any one of the above items (1) to (3), wherein the water is one or two or more selected from a tap water for drinking, a rain water, a domestic waste water, an organic waste water, an

industrial waste water, or a stockbreeding waste water.
(5) A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to any one of the above items (1) to (4) , wherein the combustible oil is one kind or two or more kinds selected from: petroleum such as a heavy oil, a light oil, a lamp oil, and a volatile oil; an industrial waste oil; and cooking oils such as a tempura oil, a soybean oil, a sesame oil.
(6) A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to any one of the above items (1) to (5) , wherein the combustible oil or the water, or the combustible oil and the water comprise (s) PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyl) ordioxins, or PCBs and dioxins.
(7) A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to any one of the above items (1) to (6), wherein the finely-dividing and mixing means comprises an apparatus in which a primary mixture liquid including the water and the combustible oil is subjected to a pressure, and is finely-divided and mixed through a cavitation effect due to turbulence generated at one or two or more of orifices.
(8) A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to any one of the above items (1) to (7), wherein the finely-dividing and mixing means comprises an apparatus in which: a primary mixture liquid including the water and the combustible oil is subjected to a pressure to be caused to flow within a pump at a flow rate of 50 m/s or more; the primary mixture liquid is accelerated to pass into holes of a wall member having multiple holes each having a diameter of 500 urn or less formed therein; and is finely-divided and mixed through a cavitation effect due to turbulence between flows of the liquid.
(9) An apparatus for production of ah emulsion fuel,
including: a water-combustible oil primary mixing means for
primarily mixing a water and a combustible oil, while adding
10.0 to 150.0 parts by volume of the water with respect to 100
parts by volume of the combustible oil (more preferably, 25.0
to 120.0 parts by volume of the water with respect to 100 parts
by volume of the combustible oil); and a finely-dividing and
mixing means for finely-dividing and mixing a water-combustible
oil-based primary mixture liquid obtained by the primary mixing
means into a fine particle state, to thereby form an emulsion
fuel in which an average diameter of the water or the combustible

oil is 1,000 nm or less.
(10) An apparatus for production of an emulsion fuel
according to the above item (9), wherein the finely-dividing
and mixing means finely-divide and mix the water-combustible
oil-based mixture obtained by the primary mixing means into the
fine particle state, to thereby form an emulsion fuel in which
the average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 200
to 700 nm.
(11) A method for production of an emulsion fuel according
to the above item (9) or (10), wherein a reduction potential
of the water to be adopted is -100 mv or lower.
(12) An apparatus for production of an emulsion fuel according to any one of the above items (9) to (11), wherein the finely-dividing and mixing means pressurizes the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture liquid to cause to pass through one or two or more of small pores, and finely-divides andmixes through a cavitation effect due to turbulence generated at orifices.
(13) An apparatus for production of an emulsion fuel according to any one of the above items (9) to (11), wherein the finely-dividing and mixing means pressurizes the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture liquid to cause to flow within a pump at a flow rate of 50 m/s or more; accelerates the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture liquid to pass into holes of a wall member having multiple holes each having a diameter of 200 urn or less formed therein; and finely-divides and mixes the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture liquid by causing a cavitation by turbulence between flows of the liquid generated by orifices.
(14) An emulsion fuel, wherein 10.0 to 150.0 parts by volume
of a water is mixed with respect to 100 parts by volume of a
combustible oil (more preferably, 25.0 to 120.0 parts by volume
of a water with respect to 100 parts by volume of a combustible
oil) by the finely-dividing and mixing means, and an average
diameter of the combustible oil is 1,000 nm or less.
(15) An emulsion fuel according to the above item (14),
wherein the average diameter of the water or the combustible
oil in the emulsion fuel is 200 to 700 nm.
In addition/ the following inventions having other aspects

are also proposed.
(16) An operation method for an internal combustion engine, comprising: while adding 25.0 to 40.0 parts by volume of a water with respect to 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil, finely-dividing and mixing the water and the combustible oil by a finely-dividing and mixing means, to thereby form an emulsion fuel in which an average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 1,000 nm or less; and spraying the obtained emulsion fuel into a reciprocating engine, to thereby operate the internal combustion engine.
{17) An operation method for an internal combustion engine, comprising: while adding 25.0 to 40.0 parts by volume of a water with respect to 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil, finely-dividing and mixing the water and the combustible oil by a finely-dividing and mixing means , to thereby form an emulsion fuel in which an average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 200 to 700 nm; and spraying the obtained emulsion fuel into a reciprocating engine, to thereby operate the internal combustion engine.
(18) An emulsion fuel for operating a reciprocating engine, wherein 25.0 to 40.0 parts by volume of a water is mixed with respect to 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil by the finely-dividing and mixing means, and an average diameter of a water or a combustible oil in the emulsion fuel is 200 to 700 nm.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Fig. 1 is graphs illustrating fuel test results of a power engine which uses an emulsion fuel according to the present invention and another fuel.
Fig. 2 is graphs illustrating fuel test results of the power engine which uses the emulsion fuel according to the present invention and the other fuel.
Fig. 3 is graphs illustrating fuel test results of the power engine which uses the emulsion fuel according to the present invention and the other fuel.
Fig. 4 is graphs illustrating fuel test results of the power engine which uses the emulsion fuel according to the present invention and the other fuel.

Best Mode for carrying out the Invention
In the present invention, an oil and a water are mixed together under ultra fine states to produce an emulsion fuel, thereby being capable of contributing to improve fuel consumption and to make combustion exhaust gas clean.
As a finely-dividing and mixing means used for producing the emulsion fuel of the present invention, for example, there may be given an apparatus, which pressurizes a primary mixture liquid including a water and a combustible oil to finely divides and mixes through a cavitation effect due to turbulence generated at one or two or more of orifices.
Further, as the finely-dividing and mixing means, there may be given an apparatus, which pressurizes a primary mixture liquid including a water and a combustible oil to cause to flow within a pump at a flow rate of 50 m/s or more; accelerates the primary mixture liquid to pass into holes of a wall member having multiple holes each having a diameter of 500 urn or less formed therein; and finely divides and mixes through a cavitation effect due to turbulence generated between flows of the liquid.
In addition, a preferred method for the production of an emulsion fuel includes using: a water-combustible oil primary mixing means for primarily mixing a water and a combustible oil, while adding 10.0 to 150.0 parts by volume of the water (more preferably, 25.0 to 120.0 parts by volume of the.water) with respect to 100 parts by volume of the combustible oil; and a finely-dividing and mixing means for finely-dividing and mixing the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture liquid obtained by the primary mixing means into a fine particle state, to thereby form an emulsion fuel in which an average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 1,000 nm or less.
Preferably, while adding 25 to 12 0 parts by volume of a water with respect to 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil, the mixture liquid is introduced into Nanomizer (Product Name; apparatus for finely-dividing and mixing a primary mixture liquid dispersed within a liquid sample, which is manufactured by Yoshida Kikai Co. , Ltd.) , and the primary mixture liquid including the water and the combustible oil is finely-divided and mixed, thereby forming an emulsion fuel of a mixture including a ultra fine

in being easily mixed together.
Like this, although adjustments of factors such as the reduction potential of the water, temperature, and the pressure of Nanomizer are associated but those are relative to each other. Therefore, in a case where the combustible oil is added to the water having the reduction potential which is lowered to -100 mv or less, preferably -300 mv to -700 mv, and the temperature thereof is raised to 50°C or more, preferably to 70 to 90°C, and the oil and the water are finely-divided and mixed into a ultra fine particle state, there is a relationship that the pressure of Nanomizer may be made relatively small when the reduction potential becomes lower.
Example 1
Descriptions are made of examples and a comparative example of the present invention.
First, 8 L of a water (tap water) was heated to 70°C, and an oxidation-reduction potential thereof was reduced to -114 mv using a bath water reduction apparatus manufactured by Kangen Co., Ltd.
To 1.96 L of the reduced water, 5.88 L of an A heavy oil and 160 cc of an emulsifier were added, and after a primary agitation by a manual agitation, the resultant mixture was caused to pass through Nanomizer with a pressure 3 MP to be finely-divided and mixed, whereby an emulsion fuel of the present invention was produced. The obtained emulsion fuel is a W/O type emulsion, and average diameter of the water in the emulsion was 300 to 500 nm.
The thus obtained emulsion fuel of the present invention was set to be Sample 2. The mixture liquid produced in the same way as in Sample 2 was caused to pass through Nanomizer with 8 MP to obtain an emulsion fuel of the present invention, which was set to be Sample 3.
Further, Sample 1 is a A heavy oil as a comparative example, Sample 4 is a light oil as a comparative example, and Samples 5 and 6 each are obtained by the same processing as in Samples 2 and 3, and are emulsion fuels of the present invention in which the light oil is used in place of the A heavy oil.

(Sample 5 and Sample 6 were caused to pass through Nanomizer with pressures of 3 MP and 8 MP, respectively, to be finely-divided and mixed).
Details of the respective test samples are listed as follows. (Emulsion fuel, and A heavy oil and light oil for comparison, which were used for engine characteristics test)
Sample 1: A heavy oil 100% (for comparison)
Sample 2: A heavy oil 73.5%, reduced water 24.5%, activator 2%, processed by Nanomizer with 3 MP (emulsion fuel)
Sample 3: A heavy oil 73.5%, reduced water 24.5%, activator 2% processed by Nanomizer with 8 MP (emulsion fuel)
Sample 4: light oil 100% (for comparison)
Sample 5: light oil 73.5%, reduced water24.5%, activator 2%, processed by Nanomizer with 3 MP (emulsion fuel)
Sample 6: light oil 73.5%, reduced water24.5%, activator 2%, processed by Nanomizer with 8 MP (emulsion fuel)
Results of combustion tests of the engine using the above-mentioned respective samples are shown in Table 1 to Table 3, and Fig. 1 to Fig. 4.
[Table 1]

Name of Fuel Output (KW) Torque (N-m) Exhaust
Temperature
(°C) Smoke (%) Fuel
Consumption
(L/H)
S amp1e 1 3. 45 32.96 442 96 1.89
Sample 2 3. 52 33. 51 450 74 1.31
Sample 3 3.51 33.44 447 80 1.31
Sample 4 3.49 33. 10 431 96 1.91
Sample 5 3.53 33.56 448 76 1. 35
Sample 6 3.53 33. 64 442 80 1.29
[Table 2]
*average value at 1,400, 1800, and 2,200 rpm was taken for comparison.

Name of Fuel Output (KW) Torque (N-m) Exhaust
temperatur
e (°C) Smoke (%) Fuel
Consumption
(L/H)
Sample 1 6.84 33.1 592 86 2.77
Sample 2 6.46 31.7 554 53 2.05

Sample 3 6. 43 31. 5 560 50 2.04
Sample 4 6.75 32. 7 519 83 2. 7 4
Sample 5 6.47 31. 8 558 50 2.06
Sample 6 6. 47 31. 8 566 52 2.09
[Table 3]

Name of Fuel Output (KW) Torque (N-m) Exhaust
temperatur
e (°C) Smoke (%) Fuel
Consumption
(L/H)
Sample 1 4 .57 16.01 441 46 2.59
Sample 2 4 .22 14. 74 443 7 1. 86
Sample 3 4.21 14.81 441 4 1.85
S amp1e 4 4.16 14.55 338 18 2. 59
Sample 5 4.23 14.80 385 4 1.86
Sample 6 4. 10 14.42 377 4 1.89
Table 1 is test results of a case in which the number of rotation of the engine is 1, 000 rpm, Table 2 is test results of a case in which the number of rotation of the engine is 1,400 to 2,200 rpm, and Table 3 is test results of a case in which the number of rotation of the engine is 2,700 rpm.
Further, Fig. 1 is graphs showing engine test results in which Sample 1 (comparative example fuel) and Sample 2 (emulsion fuel of the present invention) were used, Fig. 2 is graphs showing engine test results in which Sample 1 (comparative example fuel) and Sample 3 (emulsion fuel of the present invention) were used, Fig. 3 is graphs showing engine test results in which Sample 4 (comparative example fuel) and Sample 5 (emulsion fuel of the present invention) were used, and Fig. 4 is graphs showing engine test results in which Sample 4 (comparative example fuel) and Sample 6 (emulsion fuel of the present invention) were used.
Example 2
In this example, a diesel generator of 13ES-type manufactured by Denyo Co. , Ltd. was used to successively measure the concentrations of nitrogen oxides and oxygen within an exhaust gas together with a power generation amount per unit heavy oil, whereby the power generation efficiency of the emulsion fuel of the present invention was measured.

As the emulsion fuel of the present invention, an emulsion fuel having a composition including 75 wt% of a Special A heavy oil, 24.7 wt% of a water, and 0.3 wt% of an emulsifier was produced and used.
To 8.33 L of the A heavy oil, 2.50 L of the water and 0.04 L of the emulsifier 0.04 L (100 parts by volume of the heavy oil: 29.7 parts by volume of the water: 0.5 parts by volume of the emulsifier) were added, and after a primary agitation by a manual agitation, the resultant mixture was caused to pass through Nanomizer with a pressure 3 MP to be finely-divided and mixed, thus the emulsion fuel of the present invention was produced. The average diameter of the water in the emulsion fuel was 300 to 500 nm.
The emulsion fuel of the present invention and sole A heavy oil (comparative example) are used as the fuels to successively operate the above-mentioned diesel generator, NOx concentration within the exhaust gas and the power generation amount were measured. The concentrations of NOx and O2 within the exhaust gas were measured successively at an exit smoke-flue of the generator.
The measurement results of the exhaust gas, which was generated by the use of the emulsion fuel of the present invention, are shown in Table 4, and the measurement results of the exhaust gas when the Special A heavy oil was solely used as fuel are shown in Table 5. In the case where the emulsion fuel of the present invention was used, an average NOx concentration within the exhaust gas was 193 ppm. When the heavy oil was solely used as fuel, the average value of the NOx concentration was 369 ppm. As a result, there was found that the NOx concentration within the exhaust gas may be largely reduced by the use of the fuel of the present invention.
[Table 4]
Combustion results of emulsion fuel (Special A heavy oil 75%, H20 24.7%, emulsifier 0.3%)

Measureme NOx 02 NOx 02 Exhaust Gas
nt Time measured Concentratio Equivalent Temperatur
( : ) value n (ppm) e
(ppm) (%) 13% Conversion (°C)

Value
12:50 130 14 .5 160
12:55 140 14 .2 165
13:00 175 12. 6 167
13:05 194 12.1 174
13:10 205 12. 0 182
13:15 201 12.0 179 190
13:20 201 12.1 179
13:25 201 12. 0 181
13:30 211 12 .0 188
13:35 212 12.0 188
13:40 208 12.0 185 190
13: 45 214 12.0 190
13:50 217 12.0 193 191
13:55 196 12.0 174 191
193 12. 4 179
Used instrument:
NOx meter chemiluminescence (Best Instrument, BCL-611 type)
02 meter zirconiamethod (Best Instrument, BCL-611type) Measurement method:
NOx concentration JIS B7982 continuous analysis O2 concentration JIS B7 983 continuous analysis Exhaust gas temperature in conformity with JIS Z-8808

[Table 5] NOx, O2 Concentrations, Continuous Measurement
Results
Special A-heavy oil 100% Combustion

Measureme . nt Time C : ) NOx
Measuremen
t Value
(ppm) 02
Concentratio
n
(%) NOx 02
Equivalent
(ppm)
13%
Conversion
Value Temperatur e of Exhaust
Gas
(°C)
10:55 305 14. 6 381
11:00 306 14 .7 389
11:05 359 12. 9 355
11:10 406 11. 7 349
11:15 408 11.7 351
11:20 397 11.7 342
11: 2 S 379 12.0 337
11:30 380 12.2 345 154
11:35 373 12.2 339 154
11:40 375 12.2 341 154
11:45 376 12.2 342 154
Average 369 12.6 352
Used instrument:
NOx meter chemiluminescence (Best Instrument, BCL-611 type)
O2 meter zirconiamethod (Best Instrument, BCL-611type) Measurement method:
NOx concentration JIS B7982 continuous analysis O2 concentration JIS B7983 continuous analysis Exhaust gas temperature in conformity with JIS Z-8808
Further, results of power generation of this example are shown in Table 6, The power generation amount per unit heavy oil of the diesel generator was 3.33 KWH/Kg when the emulsion fuel of the present invention was used, and was 2.73 KWH/Kg when the sole heavy oil was used as fuel. In the emulsion fuel of the present invention, the power generation amount was increased by about 22%, whereby it was shown that the power generation efficiency of the emulsion fuel of the present invention was improved.

[Table 6] Application to diesel generator

Conven-t
ional MethodD Fuel A-heavy oil
(g) A-heavy oil within fuel
(g) Power
Generati
on Amount
KWH Power
Generation
Amount of
A-heavy Oil per
1 kg
KWH/Kg

4, 395 4,395 11. 9 2.71

4, 400 4,400 11. 7 2.66

6, 035 6,035 17.0 2. 81

Average 2.73

Patent Method Emulsion
Fuel
A-heavy oil
75%, Water
24.7%
Emulsifier
0.3%{g) A-heavy oil within fuel
(g) Power
Generati
on Amount
KWH Power
Generation
Amount of
A-heavy Oil per
1 kg
KWH/Kg

6, 460 4, 703 18. 5 3. 93

4,510 3,270 10.8 3.30

5, 540 4,009 12.8 3.19

5, 595 4, 048 13.1 3.24

1, 470 1, 063 3. 1 3.01

Average 3.33
Note: Power generator: TLG-13ESY type, manufactured by Denyo
10.5 KVA, 200 V, Three phase
The followings are found from the above-mentioned combustion test results of the above-mentioned respective samples.
1. In all the sample fuels, there was no large variation in performances under full load operation.
2. In the emulsion fuel, smoke was markedly improved.
3. The consumption amount (use amount) of the combustible oil for obtaining an output and torque exerted by solely using a combustible oil was reduced by about 25% by using the emulsion fuel of the present invention.
4. In the emulsion fuel, performance of the engine was
degraded during light loading. The exhaust temperature was also
lowered.
In other words, the emulsion fuel of the present invention,

in which 24.5% of the water was added to the A-heavy oil or the light oil, exhibited almost the same characteristics as 100% A-heavy oil or 100% light oil up to 2,200 rpm. This is astonishingly excellent performance.
However, at the rotation of 2,600 rpm or more, it seems to cause a misfire. Accordingly, in a case where the emulsion fuel of the present invention is used for a ship, for instance, it is considered to be good to use a light oil in a harbor, and then to switch to use the emulsion fuel outside the harbor.
Industrial Applicability
According to the present invention, the mixture liquid including a water and a combustible oil is, for example, subjected to a pressure to cause to pass through one or a plurality of small holes, thereby producing the emulsion fuel by finely-diving and mixing the mixture through the cavitation effect due to the turbulence generated when passing through orifices. For example, the emulsion fuel containing about 25% of the finely-divided and mixed water does not cause engine troubles, if being burned within the engine, and exhibits substantially the same output and torque with the A-heavy oil or the light oil. In addition, the fuel consumption amount is also the same even though 25% of the water is contained therein (by simple calculation, 25% of energy saving is attained).
Moreover, the generations of soot and dioxin are reduced into 1/2 to 1/5 (theoretically no generation), and NOx was also reduced into about 1/2 to 1/3. As a result, the emulsion fuel of the present invention has a further energy saving effect as a fuel for combustion furnace, and attains 25 to 35% energy saving. In addition, the waste oil may also be used as a raw material.
Conventionally, the emulsion fuel (water-oil-based emulsion-type water-mixed fuel) is obtained by adding 0.5 to 5% of the emulsifier to the water and oil, and by agitating and mixing the mixture into emulsion, and generally contains particles having an average diameter of several um to several tens pm. Even if the emulsion fuel is produced using a particularly excellent emulsifier, the average particle diameter was about several pm (about 1 to 3 pm), which is a so-called water-mixed fuel of an emulsified-state liquid

{emulsion fuel).
However, the emulsion fuel of the emulsified-state liquid has a tendency of separating with elapse of time, and, even if the separation does not occur, has a nature in which the viscosity thereof becomes higher (dilatancy) with the elapse of time, which is opposite to thixotropy, thereby causing an accident such as clogging of a pipe or a nozzle.
The emulsion fuel obtained by the present invention constitutes an emulsion fuel in which the oil and the water are mixed under a ultra fine particle state (nano level), and the average particle diameter constituting the water or the combustible oil is 1, 000 nm, prefer ably200 to 700 nm. As a result, the stability thereof is extremely excellent, and has high combustion efficiency, whereby the emulsion fuel of the present invention may be used for all the purposes such as for an engine, a combustion furnace, an incinerator, a boiler, and a generator.
For example, if the emulsion fuel of the present invention is used for an engine fuel for a vehicle and a ship, 15 to 25% of energy saving may be achieved. Further, soot and dioxin may be reduced into 1/2 to 1/5, and NOx may be reduced about 1/2 to 1/3, thereby attaining low pollution and excellent stability. As a result, it becomes possible to produce the fine particle mixture liquid at a gas station, and to refuel the liquid into a fuel tank of the vehicle as currently carried out.
Moreover, the emulsion fuel of the present invention may be applied for the boiler1, the generator, the combustion furnace and the incinerator, and utilization of the waste oil is possible. Such a result was obtained that, if the emulsion fuel of the present invention is used for the combustion furnace, the energy saving effect may be increased by 30 to 40%.

We claim:
1. A method for production of an emulsion f uel, comprising, while adding 10.0 to 150.0 parts by volume of a water with respect to 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil, finely-dividing and mixing the water and the combustible oil by a finely-dividing and mixing means, to thereby form an emulsion fuel in which an average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 1,000 nm or less.
2. A method for production of an emulsion fuel according toclaiml, wherein the emulsion fuel, in which the average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 200 to 700 nm, is formed by finely-dividing and mixing the water and the combustible oil by the finely-dividing and mixing means.
3. A method for production of an emulsion fuel according toclaiml, wherein the emulsion fuel, in which the average diameter of the water or the combustible oil is 200 to 700 nm, is formed by adding the combustible oil to the water having a reduction potential of -100 mv or lower, and by finely-dividing and mixing the water and the combustible oil by the finely-dividing and mixing means.
4. A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water is one or two or more selected from a tap water for drinking, a rain water, a domestic waste water, an organic waste water, an industrial waste water, or a stockbreeding waste water.
5. A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the combustible oil is one kind or two or more kinds selected from: petroleum such as a heavyoil, alightoil, alampoil, and a volatile oil; an industrial waste oil; and cooking oils such as a tempura oil, a soybean oil, a sesame oil.
6. A method for production of an emulsion fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the combustible oil or the

11. A method for production of an emulsion fuel according
to claim 9 or 10, wherein a reduction potential of the water
to be adopted is -100 mv or lower.
12. An apparatus forproductionof an emulsion fuel according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the finely-dividing and mixing means pressurizes the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture liquid to cause to pass through one or two or more of small pores, and finely-divides and mixes through a cavitation effect due to turbulence generated at orifices.
13. An apparatus forproductionof an emulsion fuel according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the finely-dividing and mixing means pressurizes the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture liquid to cause to flow within a pump at a flow rate of 50 m/s or more; accelerates the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture liquid to pass into holes of a wall member having multiple holes each having a diameter of 200 urn or less formed therein; and finely-divides and mixes the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture liquid by causing a cavitation by turbulence generated by orifices between flows of the liquid.
14. An emulsion fuel, wherein 10.0 to 150.0 parts by volume of a water is mixed with respect to 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil by the finely-dividing and mixing means, and an average diameter of the combustible oil is 1,000 nm or less.
15. An emulsion fuel according to claim 14, wherein the
average diameter ofthewaterorthe combustible oil inthe emulsion
fuel is 200 to 700 nm.

Dated this 4th day of March, 2009.

METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF EMULSION FUEL AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCTION OF THE FUEL

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