Title of Invention	A DYEING MACHINE FOR PRE-WEAVING TEXTILE MATERIALS
Abstract	A dyeing machine for textile materials such as yarns and the like comprises a sealed container (11,111,211,311,411) designed to be filled with a dye bath and in which is received a material holder (13,113,213,413) for the textile a material immersed in the bath. Bath-passing circular means (17,119,219,319,321,419) that external establish a bath flow through the textile material in the material holder. The machine comprises other external circulation, means (19,119,219,319,321,419) that realize an additional movement of the bath in the bath part in the container that is outside the bath part in the material holder.

Title of Invention

A DYEING MACHINE FOR PRE-WEAVING TEXTILE MATERIALS

Abstract

A dyeing machine for textile materials such as yarns and the like comprises a sealed container (11,111,211,311,411) designed to be filled with a dye bath and in which is received a material holder (13,113,213,413) for the textile a material immersed in the bath. Bath-passing circular means (17,119,219,319,321,419) that external establish a bath flow through the textile material in the material holder. The machine comprises other external circulation, means (19,119,219,319,321,419) that realize an additional movement of the bath in the bath part in the container that is outside the bath part in the material holder.

Full Text	1 "DYEING MACHINE WITH IMPROVED BATH DISTRIBUTION AND CIRCULATION" This invention relates to a dyeing machine for textile materials in the form of yarn in cones or skeins, flock, combed ribbons, stuffing, tow et cetera, hence material before weaving. In the prior art, dyeing machines for such materials are known and consist of a sealed container designed to be filled with a dye bath in which is received a support for the textile material immersed in the bath. The bath is circulated by a circulation pump that establishes a flow of bath though the textile material placed on the support. For example in the case of material wound on spools, the spools are stacked on rods so that the hollow inner nucleus of the spools realizes a duct for distribution of the fluid to have a radial flow through the spools. The dyeing or treatment cycle calls for a thermal cycle (raising and lowering of bath temperature) dependant on the type of fiber and the class of coloring processed and the introduction of coloring and various products. This leads to a variation in the bath volume caused by addition and swelling due to the increase or decrease in temperature. For this purpose there is usually provided an expansion device designed to contain the addition of products and the swelling of the bath resulting from the temperature changes. The device can be constructed from an external 2 expansion vessel (older technology) with a static pump pressurization device. In this case, the autoclave is completely full of bath. The surplus bath is sent through a spillway pipe placed on the high part of the autoclave to the non-pressurized external expansion vessel after having passed through a cooler that lowers its temperature to less than 95°C. The bath is then pumped back to the inside of the autoclave by means of a static pump that sucks from the lower part of the expansion vessel. Pressure is obtained by partializing delivery to the expansion vessel. In accordance with a more modern technology the expansion device can also be realized with an internal expansion zone using a compressed-air cushion pressurization device. The autoclave is flooded only to the level necessary to cover the textile material to be treated. There is a space above occupied by compressed air. This space is reduced depending on the introduction of products and swelling of the bath resulting from a temperature increase. The products to be introduced are placed in a small external tank and pumped into the autoclave by means of an introduction pump capable of overcoming the internal pressure of the autoclave. In all cases the bath consists of a solution of color in water. At the beginning of the dyeing process the bath is at its maximum concentration. The dyeing process consists of reducing the affinity of the color for the water (vector) while at the same time increasing the affinity of the color for the fiber. This must be done 3 gradually while acting on the pilot parameters of the process (temperature, pH et cetera) while placing the color in intimate contact with the fiber and continually renewing the solution in contact with the fiber, a solution that depletes the color (decreasing the color concentration) as the color passes from the bath to the fiber. Bath circulation is entrusted only to the flow induced through the material to be processed by the circulation pump. It thus proves logical to force circulation to the maximum through the material to be dyed so as to increase the probability of a uniform distribution in the different points of the fiber and the replacement while always bringing new color into contact with the fiber to compensate for the color already absorbed, circulation increase increases heat transfer (hence of the energy required by the chemical-physical dyeing process) from the exchanger to the fiber, a transfer that uses the water as vector. To increase the intensity of circulation and thus the flow of the pump, it is necessary to increase the pump discharge head (to pass more water through the textile material it is necessary to push more). One problem is that it is necessary to remember the delicate nature of the textile material, a delicate nature that must be respected to avoid deterioration of the physical appearance (loss of feel, pilling et cetera). When treating delicate materials or delicate garments (flock, fine wool tops, yarns of cashmere, silk, et cetera) 4 circulation must be drastically limited while accepting reduction of the advantages of the high circulation and therefore taking more risks as regards the quality of the dyeing process. Reducing circulation, the movement of the bath is however reduced to the zone inside the material and the bordering zone on the outside. Far from the external surface the bath tends to not be involved in the circulation and hence to not be exchanged. It was found that in these zones there can be stagnation of the bath with temperature tending to stratify with resulting non-uniform distribution of temperature at the different points of the bath. This means bath zones with different energy levels and hence different coefficients of diffusion and absorption of the color by the fiber. In addition there is unsteady concentration of color in the water. In the zones slightly involved by circulation (weak to respect the physical characteristics of the fiber) the concentration remains higher than in the zones in contact with the fiber surface. This produces a slow dyeing process, possible disuniformity and failure to reach the point of color; if part of the color remains in the water the fiber will be clearer than desired. The general purpose of this invention is to remedy the above mentioned shortcomings by making available a dyeing machine holding the concentration and temperature of the bath satisfactorily uniform and at the same time allowing treatment with excellent dyeing results of even very delicate material without excessive stress caused by the 5 dyeing process. In view of this purpose it was sought to provide in accordance with this invention a dyeing machine for textile material such as yarns, pre-yarn ribbons, flocks, and similar not of cloth, comprises a sealed container designed to be filled with a dye bath and in which is received a support for the textile material immersed in the bath with bath-passing circulation means being connected to establish a bath flow through the textile material on the support an characterized in that it comprises other external circulation means that realize an additional bath movement in the bath part in the container that is outside the textile material. To clarify the explanation of the innovative principles of this invention and its advantages compared with the prior art there is described below with the aid of the annexed drawings possible embodiments thereof by way of non-limiting examples applying said principles. In the drawings: FIG 1 shows a diagrammatic cross-sectioned side elevation view of a first example of an embodiment of a dyeing machine realized in accordance with this invention, FIG 2 shows a diagrammatic cross-sectioned side elevation view of a second example of an embodiment of a dyeing machine realized in accordance with this invention, FIGS 3 and 4 show cross-sectioned diagrammatic transversal and plan views respectively of a third example of an embodiment of a dyeing machine realized in accordance with this invention, 6 FIGS 5 and 6 show cross-sectioned diagrammatic transversal and plan views respectively of a third example of an embodiment of a dyeing machine realized in accordance with this invention, and FIG 7 shows a diagrammatic cross-sectioned side elevation view of another example of an embodiment of a dyeing machine realized in accordance with this invention. With reference to the figures, FIG 1 shows a first embodiment of a textile material dyeing machine, designated as a whole by reference number 10. In particular the machine shown is the type called 'vertical' (with mainly vertical extension and upper closing door) and designed for the dyeing of material wound generically in spools or cones. This material can be for example yarn, pre-yarn ribbon, stuffing et cetera. The cones can be rigid or compressed. The machine comprises a pressurized container 11 designed to be filled up to level 12 with a special liquid making up the dye bath. In the container is received a material- holder or support 13 (removable by hoisting) to support the textile material that is to be immersed in the bath. In the example shown the support comprises a base 14 from which project vertically rods 15 (arranged for example in a circle) for axial support of the textile material generically wound in spools 16. Passing circulation means 17 are connected to obtain bath flow radially traversing the spools inserted axially and blocked on the rods. To achieve this, the hollow nucleus of the spools constitutes in fact a duct for distribution of dye fluid that comes 7 into the spool nucleus at the base of the stack through the base 14 which is in turn connected to the recirculation pump 17. The pump 17 has its other end connected in an appropriate zone in the container. Along the path between the pump and the container there is advantageously provided a heat exchanger 18 for heating requirements of the known dyeing process. The pump can be advantageously operated alternatively to establish a flow from the inside to the outside of the spools or vice versa. The machine also comprises other bath circulation means 19 that realize an additional bath movement in the bath part in the container which is outside the textile material. In the particular case of the machine of FIG 1, the movement is produced in the bath in which the spools are immersed. As may be seen in FIG 1, the external circulation means comprise motorized propellers for bath agitation. For a satisfactory mixing, with two propellers one propeller can be arranged near one upper end of the bath (immersed near the free upper surface) and another propeller near the bath bottom. The two propellers are also placed on diametrically opposed walls of the container. FIG 2 shows a first variant embodiment of the dyeing machine in accordance with this invention. For ease of description, members similar to those of FIG 1 are designated with the same numbers as in FIG 1 increased by 100. There is thus a dyeing machine 110 comprising a container 111 which is filled up to level 112 with dye bath. A 8 support 113 fitted with a base 114 and rods 115 supports the stacks of spools 116. In the embodiment of FIG 2 the means 117 for passing circulation of the liquid through the spools are realized by means of a piston of adequate volume powered with reciprocal motion to generate the alternating internal-external flow and vice versa through the cones. This is possible since the liquid near the cones is changed thanks to the external movement of the bath obtained by the external movement means 119. In the embodiment of FIG 2 these means are realized by a pump 119. Along the circuit there can also be provided heat exchange means 118. The pump 119 has suction and delivery arranged in two distant zones of the container advantageously with one near the surface of the liquid and one near the bottom. As shown by way of example in broken lines, suction and delivery mouths need not be realized on the container walls but can even be prolonged to reach preferred zones for example to avoid the formation of pockets or dead zones. The suction and delivery mouths can even be more than one distributed inside the container. FIGS 3 and 4 show another embodiment of a dyeing machine in accordance with this invention. Again for ease of description, members similar to those of FIG 1 are designated by the same numbers increased by 200. The machine, designated as a whole by reference number 210, is the type termed 'horizontal', that is with pressurized container 210 extending effectively along a horizontal axis and has side closing for extraction of the material 9 holder 213. The machine is loaded up to level 212 and can also comprise a rear expansion zone 220. The material holder 213 (sliding horizontally for removal from container) comprises a base 214 from which rise parallel rows of rods 215 for spools of material. The fluid circulation system through the material is similar to that shown in FIG 1 with a pump 217 that sends to or takes from the fluid or a passage formed by the nucleus of the spools an that is connected to the interior of the container to realize closed circulation. An exchanger 218 can also be provided. The external circulation means of the bath comprise one or more powered propellers 219. As may be seen from a comparison of FIGS 3 and 4, the propellers are advantageously arranged near the two ends of the container and on two opposing sides. FIGS 5 an 6 show another embodiment (with numbers of members similar to those of FIG 1 increased by 300) in which the machine 310 has a horizontal container 311 that receives a material holder 313 with base 314 and rods 315 to support the material wound in cones or skeins 316 that is covered by the bath reaching level 312. A side expansion chamber 32 0 can be provided. The machine provides a flow through the material by means of a pump 317 (with exchanger 318 along the path), bath circulation means outside the material by propellers 319 and a pump 321. The flow of the propellers and that of the pump 321 are crossed meaning that the propellers are arranged at opposite ends of the container and on walls opposite each 10 other and opposed at delivery and suction of the pump. This way, the external circulation can be 'modulated' with greater precision depending on necessities by starting only the propellers, only the pump or both. FIG 6 also shows the use of an additional exchanger 323 on the recirculation duct so as to avoid cooling of the bath because of the path outside the container. FIG 7 shows another embodiment 410 of a machine in accordance with this invention comprising a vertical container 411 with a material holder 413 that is immersed in the bath 412. The material holder comprises a base 414 and a pierced basket 421 that receives the loose material (for example, flock). A pump 417 possibly with an exchanger 418 produces a flow between the inside and the outside of the basket. Advantageously, to distribute this flow in the basket, the basket comprises a central pierced duct 422 connected to the pump while the other side of the pump is connected to a zone of the bath outside the basket. The external circulation means are represented by staggered powered propellers 419. It is now clear that the preset purposes have been achieved. The external circulation means of the bath (meaning by external the part of the bath outside the material or the container of the material through which the bath is normally circulated) keep an adequate uniformity of concentration of color and temperature while impeding local impoverishment of the bath caused by absorption of coloring by the textile material. In other 11 words, the bath is exchanged on the yarn surface. Since the homogenization effect is obtained by external means, the circulation means through the material can also produce a very bland flow such as to not subject even the most delicate of the dyed materials to mechanical stress. For example, even in case of spools consisting of merely pressed pre-yarn ribbon, the material of the ribbon is not dispersed while still assuring excellent dye uniformity. Naturally the above description of an embodiment applying the innovative principles of this invention is given by way of non-limiting example of said principles within the scope of the exclusive right claimed here. For example, in the various embodiments shown, the propellers and the pump can be freely exchanged as necessary just as vertical or horizontal containers can be realized. In particular, the machine with basket can also be realized horizontal. Even the internal or external piston circulation means can be used on machines different from that of FIG 2 especially when a very low flow is required through the material to be dyed. For better control of the agitation flow the external circulation means can be advantageously controlled by electric motors connected to control means consisting of known power inverters. This way, the speed of the external circulation means can be changed even depending on the delicacy of the material to be dyed. In addition, the heat exchangers can be inside or outside the container or both. The container can also have external expansion and hence be without vault with compressed air. 12 CLAIMS 1. Dyeing machine for textile materials such as yarns, pre-yarn ribbons, flocks, and similar not of cloth, comprises a sealed container (11,111,211,311,411) designed to be filled with a dye bath and in which is received a material holder (13,113,213,413) for the textile material immersed in the bath with bath-passing circulation means (17,117,217,317,417) being connected to establish a bath flow through the textile material in the material holder and characterized in that it comprises other external circulation means (19,119,219,319,321,419) that realize an additional movement of the bath in the bath part in the container that is outside the textile material in the material holder. 2. Machine in accordance with claim 1 characterized in that the material holder (13,113,213,413) comprises a base (14,114,214,314) from which project vertically rods (15,115,215,315) for axial support of the textile material generically wound in spools with the passing circulation means (17,117,217,317) being connected to obtain a flow which traverses radially the spools inserted axially on the rods with a nucleus of the spools constituting a dye fluid distribution duct. 3. Machine in accordance with claim 2 characterized in that the passing circulation means (17,217,317) comprise a pump connected between the interior of the container and a central nucleus zone of the spools to establish alternatively a flow between the inside and the outside 13 of a flow between the outside and the inside of the spools. 4. Machine in accordance with claim 2 characterized in that the external circulation means comprise powered propellers (19,219,319,419) for bath agitation. 5. Machine in accordance with claim 4 characterized in that the container is a container with horizontal axis with one propeller near one end and on one side wall of the container and another propeller near the other end and on a side wall opposite that of the first propeller. 6. Machine in accordance with claim 4 characterized in that the container is a container with vertical axis with one propeller near one upper end of the bath and another propeller near the bottom of the bath with the two propellers also being on diametrically opposite walls of the container. 7. Machine in accordance with claim 3 characterized in that the external circulation means comprise a pump (119,321) with suction and delivery in at least two distant zones of the container. 8. Machine in accordance with claim 7 characterized in that the container is a container with horizontal axis with pump delivery (321) near one end and on a side wall of the container and pump suction near the other end and on one side wall of the container opposite that of delivery. 9. Machine in accordance with claim 7 characterized in that the container is a container with vertical axis with the pump (119) connected between a zone near an upper end 14 of the bath and a zone near the bottom of the bath with the two propellers also being on diametrically opposite walls of the container. 10. Machine in accordance with claim 1 characterized in that the passing circulation means comprise means of alternate thrust and suction through the textile material on the support. 11. Machine in accordance with claim 10 characterized in that the thrust and suction means alternating through the textile material in the material holder comprise a powered piston (117) with reciprocating movement and connected inside the textile material immersed in the bath. 12. Machine in accordance with claim 1 characterized in that the material holder is suited to supporting textile material wound generically in cones. 13. Machine in accordance with claim 12 characterized in that the material holder is connected to the passing circulation means to stabilize a flow between the inside and outside of the cones immersed in the bath. 14. Machine in accordance with claim 1 characterized in that the material holder comprises a pierced basket suited to containing the loose textile material. 15. Machine in accordance with claim 14 characterized in that the basket comprises a central pierced duct connected to the passing circulation means to stabilize a flow between the inside and outside of the basket immersed in the bath. 16. Machine in accordance with claim 1 characterized in that the external circulation means are fitted with 15 circulation action control means to allow its adaptation to the delicacy of the textile material to be dyed. 17. Machine in accordance with claim 16 characterized in that the control means are electrical motor power supply inverters for operation of the external circulation means. 18. Machine in accordance with claim 7 characterized in that the suction and delivery are prolonged by tubes toward the inside of the container. 19. Machine in accordance with claim 7 characterized in that along the external circuit path there is an additional exchanger (323). A dyeing machine for textile materials such as yarns and the like comprises a sealed container (11,111,211,311,411) designed to be filled with a dye bath and in which is received a material holder (13,113,213,413) for the textile a material immersed in the bath. Bath-passing circular means (17,119,219,319,321,419) that external establish a bath flow through the textile material in the material holder. The machine comprises other external circulation, means (19,119,219,319,321,419) that realize an additional movement of the bath in the bath part in the container that is outside the bath part in the material holder.

Full Text

1
"DYEING MACHINE WITH IMPROVED BATH DISTRIBUTION AND
CIRCULATION"
This invention relates to a dyeing machine for textile
materials in the form of yarn in cones or skeins, flock,
combed ribbons, stuffing, tow et cetera, hence material
before weaving.
In the prior art, dyeing machines for such materials are
known and consist of a sealed container designed to be
filled with a dye bath in which is received a support for
the textile material immersed in the bath. The bath is
circulated by a circulation pump that establishes a flow
of bath though the textile material placed on the
support.
For example in the case of material wound on spools, the
spools are stacked on rods so that the hollow inner
nucleus of the spools realizes a duct for distribution of
the fluid to have a radial flow through the spools.
The dyeing or treatment cycle calls for a thermal cycle
(raising and lowering of bath temperature) dependant on
the type of fiber and the class of coloring processed and
the introduction of coloring and various products. This
leads to a variation in the bath volume caused by
addition and swelling due to the increase or decrease in
temperature.
For this purpose there is usually provided an expansion
device designed to contain the addition of products and
the swelling of the bath resulting from the temperature
changes. The device can be constructed from an external

2
expansion vessel (older technology) with a static pump
pressurization device. In this case, the autoclave is
completely full of bath. The surplus bath is sent through
a spillway pipe placed on the high part of the autoclave
to the non-pressurized external expansion vessel after
having passed through a cooler that lowers its
temperature to less than 95°C. The bath is then pumped
back to the inside of the autoclave by means of a static
pump that sucks from the lower part of the expansion
vessel. Pressure is obtained by partializing delivery to
the expansion vessel.
In accordance with a more modern technology the expansion
device can also be realized with an internal expansion
zone using a compressed-air cushion pressurization
device. The autoclave is flooded only to the level
necessary to cover the textile material to be treated.
There is a space above occupied by compressed air. This
space is reduced depending on the introduction of
products and swelling of the bath resulting from a
temperature increase. The products to be introduced are
placed in a small external tank and pumped into the
autoclave by means of an introduction pump capable of
overcoming the internal pressure of the autoclave.
In all cases the bath consists of a solution of color in
water. At the beginning of the dyeing process the bath
is at its maximum concentration. The dyeing process
consists of reducing the affinity of the color for the
water (vector) while at the same time increasing the
affinity of the color for the fiber. This must be done

3
gradually while acting on the pilot parameters of the
process (temperature, pH et cetera) while placing the
color in intimate contact with the fiber and continually
renewing the solution in contact with the fiber, a
solution that depletes the color (decreasing the color
concentration) as the color passes from the bath to the
fiber.
Bath circulation is entrusted only to the flow induced
through the material to be processed by the circulation
pump. It thus proves logical to force circulation to the
maximum through the material to be dyed so as to increase
the probability of a uniform distribution in the
different points of the fiber and the replacement while
always bringing new color into contact with the fiber to
compensate for the color already absorbed, circulation
increase increases heat transfer (hence of the energy
required by the chemical-physical dyeing process) from
the exchanger to the fiber, a transfer that uses the
water as vector.
To increase the intensity of circulation and thus the
flow of the pump, it is necessary to increase the pump
discharge head (to pass more water through the textile
material it is necessary to push more). One problem is
that it is necessary to remember the delicate nature of
the textile material, a delicate nature that must be
respected to avoid deterioration of the physical
appearance (loss of feel, pilling et cetera). When
treating delicate materials or delicate garments (flock,
fine wool tops, yarns of cashmere, silk, et cetera)

4
circulation must be drastically limited while accepting
reduction of the advantages of the high circulation and
therefore taking more risks as regards the quality of the
dyeing process.
Reducing circulation, the movement of the bath is however
reduced to the zone inside the material and the bordering
zone on the outside. Far from the external surface the
bath tends to not be involved in the circulation and
hence to not be exchanged.
It was found that in these zones there can be stagnation
of the bath with temperature tending to stratify with
resulting non-uniform distribution of temperature at the
different points of the bath. This means bath zones with
different energy levels and hence different coefficients
of diffusion and absorption of the color by the fiber. In
addition there is unsteady concentration of color in the
water. In the zones slightly involved by circulation
(weak to respect the physical characteristics of the
fiber) the concentration remains higher than in the zones
in contact with the fiber surface. This produces a slow
dyeing process, possible disuniformity and failure to
reach the point of color; if part of the color remains in
the water the fiber will be clearer than desired.
The general purpose of this invention is to remedy the
above mentioned shortcomings by making available a dyeing
machine holding the concentration and temperature of the
bath satisfactorily uniform and at the same time allowing
treatment with excellent dyeing results of even very
delicate material without excessive stress caused by the

5
dyeing process.
In view of this purpose it was sought to provide in
accordance with this invention a dyeing machine for
textile material such as yarns, pre-yarn ribbons, flocks,
and similar not of cloth, comprises a sealed container
designed to be filled with a dye bath and in which is
received a support for the textile material immersed in
the bath with bath-passing circulation means being
connected to establish a bath flow through the textile
material on the support an characterized in that it
comprises other external circulation means that realize
an additional bath movement in the bath part in the
container that is outside the textile material.
To clarify the explanation of the innovative principles
of this invention and its advantages compared with the
prior art there is described below with the aid of the
annexed drawings possible embodiments thereof by way of
non-limiting examples applying said principles. In the
drawings:
FIG 1 shows a diagrammatic cross-sectioned side elevation
view of a first example of an embodiment of a dyeing
machine realized in accordance with this invention,
FIG 2 shows a diagrammatic cross-sectioned side elevation
view of a second example of an embodiment of a dyeing
machine realized in accordance with this invention,
FIGS 3 and 4 show cross-sectioned diagrammatic transversal
and plan views respectively of a third example of an
embodiment of a dyeing machine realized in accordance with
this invention,

6
FIGS 5 and 6 show cross-sectioned diagrammatic transversal
and plan views respectively of a third example of an
embodiment of a dyeing machine realized in accordance with
this invention, and
FIG 7 shows a diagrammatic cross-sectioned side elevation
view of another example of an embodiment of a dyeing
machine realized in accordance with this invention.
With reference to the figures, FIG 1 shows a first
embodiment of a textile material dyeing machine, designated
as a whole by reference number 10. In particular the
machine shown is the type called 'vertical' (with mainly
vertical extension and upper closing door) and designed for
the dyeing of material wound generically in spools or
cones. This material can be for example yarn, pre-yarn
ribbon, stuffing et cetera. The cones can be rigid or
compressed.
The machine comprises a pressurized container 11 designed
to be filled up to level 12 with a special liquid making up
the dye bath. In the container is received a material-
holder or support 13 (removable by hoisting) to support the
textile material that is to be immersed in the bath. In the
example shown the support comprises a base 14 from which
project vertically rods 15 (arranged for example in a
circle) for axial support of the textile material
generically wound in spools 16. Passing circulation means
17 are connected to obtain bath flow radially traversing
the spools inserted axially and blocked on the rods. To
achieve this, the hollow nucleus of the spools constitutes
in fact a duct for distribution of dye fluid that comes

7
into the spool nucleus at the base of the stack through the
base 14 which is in turn connected to the recirculation
pump 17. The pump 17 has its other end connected in an
appropriate zone in the container. Along the path between
the pump and the container there is advantageously provided
a heat exchanger 18 for heating requirements of the known
dyeing process. The pump can be advantageously operated
alternatively to establish a flow from the inside to the
outside of the spools or vice versa.
The machine also comprises other bath circulation means
19 that realize an additional bath movement in the bath
part in the container which is outside the textile
material. In the particular case of the machine of FIG 1,
the movement is produced in the bath in which the spools
are immersed.
As may be seen in FIG 1, the external circulation means
comprise motorized propellers for bath agitation. For a
satisfactory mixing, with two propellers one propeller
can be arranged near one upper end of the bath (immersed
near the free upper surface) and another propeller near
the bath bottom. The two propellers are also placed on
diametrically opposed walls of the container.
FIG 2 shows a first variant embodiment of the dyeing
machine in accordance with this invention. For ease of
description, members similar to those of FIG 1 are
designated with the same numbers as in FIG 1 increased
by 100.
There is thus a dyeing machine 110 comprising a container
111 which is filled up to level 112 with dye bath. A

8
support 113 fitted with a base 114 and rods 115 supports
the stacks of spools 116. In the embodiment of FIG 2 the
means 117 for passing circulation of the liquid through
the spools are realized by means of a piston of adequate
volume powered with reciprocal motion to generate the
alternating internal-external flow and vice versa through
the cones. This is possible since the liquid near the
cones is changed thanks to the external movement of the
bath obtained by the external movement means 119. In the
embodiment of FIG 2 these means are realized by a pump
119. Along the circuit there can also be provided heat
exchange means 118.
The pump 119 has suction and delivery arranged in two
distant zones of the container advantageously with one
near the surface of the liquid and one near the bottom.
As shown by way of example in broken lines, suction and
delivery mouths need not be realized on the container
walls but can even be prolonged to reach preferred zones
for example to avoid the formation of pockets or dead
zones. The suction and delivery mouths can even be more
than one distributed inside the container.
FIGS 3 and 4 show another embodiment of a dyeing machine
in accordance with this invention. Again for ease of
description, members similar to those of FIG 1 are
designated by the same numbers increased by 200. The
machine, designated as a whole by reference number 210,
is the type termed 'horizontal', that is with pressurized
container 210 extending effectively along a horizontal
axis and has side closing for extraction of the material

9
holder 213. The machine is loaded up to level 212 and can
also comprise a rear expansion zone 220.
The material holder 213 (sliding horizontally for removal
from container) comprises a base 214 from which rise
parallel rows of rods 215 for spools of material. The
fluid circulation system through the material is similar
to that shown in FIG 1 with a pump 217 that sends to or
takes from the fluid or a passage formed by the nucleus
of the spools an that is connected to the interior of the
container to realize closed circulation. An exchanger 218
can also be provided.
The external circulation means of the bath comprise one or
more powered propellers 219. As may be seen from a
comparison of FIGS 3 and 4, the propellers are
advantageously arranged near the two ends of the container
and on two opposing sides.
FIGS 5 an 6 show another embodiment (with numbers of
members similar to those of FIG 1 increased by 300) in
which the machine 310 has a horizontal container 311 that
receives a material holder 313 with base 314 and rods 315
to support the material wound in cones or skeins 316 that
is covered by the bath reaching level 312. A side
expansion chamber 32 0 can be provided. The machine
provides a flow through the material by means of a pump
317 (with exchanger 318 along the path), bath circulation
means outside the material by propellers 319 and a pump
321. The flow of the propellers and that of the pump 321
are crossed meaning that the propellers are arranged at
opposite ends of the container and on walls opposite each

10
other and opposed at delivery and suction of the pump.
This way, the external circulation can be 'modulated'
with greater precision depending on necessities by
starting only the propellers, only the pump or both.
FIG 6 also shows the use of an additional exchanger 323
on the recirculation duct so as to avoid cooling of the
bath because of the path outside the container.
FIG 7 shows another embodiment 410 of a machine in
accordance with this invention comprising a vertical
container 411 with a material holder 413 that is immersed
in the bath 412. The material holder comprises a base 414
and a pierced basket 421 that receives the loose material
(for example, flock). A pump 417 possibly with an
exchanger 418 produces a flow between the inside and the
outside of the basket. Advantageously, to distribute this
flow in the basket, the basket comprises a central
pierced duct 422 connected to the pump while the other
side of the pump is connected to a zone of the bath
outside the basket.
The external circulation means are represented by
staggered powered propellers 419.
It is now clear that the preset purposes have been
achieved. The external circulation means of the bath
(meaning by external the part of the bath outside the
material or the container of the material through which
the bath is normally circulated) keep an adequate
uniformity of concentration of color and temperature while
impeding local impoverishment of the bath caused by
absorption of coloring by the textile material. In other

11
words, the bath is exchanged on the yarn surface. Since
the homogenization effect is obtained by external means,
the circulation means through the material can also
produce a very bland flow such as to not subject even the
most delicate of the dyed materials to mechanical stress.
For example, even in case of spools consisting of merely
pressed pre-yarn ribbon, the material of the ribbon is not
dispersed while still assuring excellent dye uniformity.
Naturally the above description of an embodiment applying
the innovative principles of this invention is given by
way of non-limiting example of said principles within the
scope of the exclusive right claimed here. For example,
in the various embodiments shown, the propellers and the
pump can be freely exchanged as necessary just as
vertical or horizontal containers can be realized. In
particular, the machine with basket can also be realized
horizontal. Even the internal or external piston
circulation means can be used on machines different from
that of FIG 2 especially when a very low flow is required
through the material to be dyed. For better control of
the agitation flow the external circulation means can be
advantageously controlled by electric motors connected to
control means consisting of known power inverters. This
way, the speed of the external circulation means can be
changed even depending on the delicacy of the material to
be dyed. In addition, the heat exchangers can be inside
or outside the container or both. The container can also
have external expansion and hence be without vault with
compressed air.

12
CLAIMS
1. Dyeing machine for textile materials such as yarns,
pre-yarn ribbons, flocks, and similar not of cloth,
comprises a sealed container (11,111,211,311,411)
designed to be filled with a dye bath and in which is
received a material holder (13,113,213,413) for the
textile material immersed in the bath with bath-passing
circulation means (17,117,217,317,417) being connected to
establish a bath flow through the textile material in the
material holder and characterized in that it comprises
other external circulation means (19,119,219,319,321,419)
that realize an additional movement of the bath in the
bath part in the container that is outside the textile
material in the material holder.
2. Machine in accordance with claim 1 characterized in
that the material holder (13,113,213,413) comprises a
base (14,114,214,314) from which project vertically rods
(15,115,215,315) for axial support of the textile
material generically wound in spools with the passing
circulation means (17,117,217,317) being connected to
obtain a flow which traverses radially the spools
inserted axially on the rods with a nucleus of the spools
constituting a dye fluid distribution duct.
3. Machine in accordance with claim 2 characterized in
that the passing circulation means (17,217,317) comprise
a pump connected between the interior of the container
and a central nucleus zone of the spools to establish
alternatively a flow between the inside and the outside

13
of a flow between the outside and the inside of the
spools.
4. Machine in accordance with claim 2 characterized in
that the external circulation means comprise powered
propellers (19,219,319,419) for bath agitation.
5. Machine in accordance with claim 4 characterized in
that the container is a container with horizontal axis
with one propeller near one end and on one side wall of
the container and another propeller near the other end
and on a side wall opposite that of the first propeller.
6. Machine in accordance with claim 4 characterized in
that the container is a container with vertical axis with
one propeller near one upper end of the bath and another
propeller near the bottom of the bath with the two
propellers also being on diametrically opposite walls of
the container.
7. Machine in accordance with claim 3 characterized in
that the external circulation means comprise a pump
(119,321) with suction and delivery in at least two
distant zones of the container.
8. Machine in accordance with claim 7 characterized in
that the container is a container with horizontal axis
with pump delivery (321) near one end and on a side wall
of the container and pump suction near the other end and
on one side wall of the container opposite that of
delivery.
9. Machine in accordance with claim 7 characterized in
that the container is a container with vertical axis with
the pump (119) connected between a zone near an upper end

14
of the bath and a zone near the bottom of the bath with
the two propellers also being on diametrically opposite
walls of the container.
10. Machine in accordance with claim 1 characterized in
that the passing circulation means comprise means of
alternate thrust and suction through the textile material
on the support.
11. Machine in accordance with claim 10 characterized in
that the thrust and suction means alternating through the
textile material in the material holder comprise a powered
piston (117) with reciprocating movement and connected
inside the textile material immersed in the bath.
12. Machine in accordance with claim 1 characterized in
that the material holder is suited to supporting textile
material wound generically in cones.
13. Machine in accordance with claim 12 characterized in
that the material holder is connected to the passing
circulation means to stabilize a flow between the inside
and outside of the cones immersed in the bath.
14. Machine in accordance with claim 1 characterized in
that the material holder comprises a pierced basket
suited to containing the loose textile material.
15. Machine in accordance with claim 14 characterized in
that the basket comprises a central pierced duct
connected to the passing circulation means to stabilize a
flow between the inside and outside of the basket
immersed in the bath.
16. Machine in accordance with claim 1 characterized in
that the external circulation means are fitted with

15
circulation action control means to allow its adaptation
to the delicacy of the textile material to be dyed.
17. Machine in accordance with claim 16 characterized in
that the control means are electrical motor power supply
inverters for operation of the external circulation
means.
18. Machine in accordance with claim 7 characterized in
that the suction and delivery are prolonged by tubes
toward the inside of the container.
19. Machine in accordance with claim 7 characterized in
that along the external circuit path there is an
additional exchanger (323).

A dyeing machine for textile materials such as yarns and the like comprises a sealed container (11,111,211,311,411) designed to be filled with a dye bath and in which is received a material holder (13,113,213,413) for the textile a material immersed in the bath. Bath-passing circular means (17,119,219,319,321,419) that external establish a bath flow through the textile material in the material holder. The machine comprises other external circulation, means (19,119,219,319,321,419) that realize an additional movement of the bath in the bath part in the container that is outside the bath part in the material holder.

A DYEING MACHINE FOR PRE-WEAVING TEXTILE MATERIALS

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