Title of Invention

ACCUMULATION OF HETEROLOGOUS PROTEINS IN PLANT SEEDS BY SUPPRESSING ENDOGENOUS PROTEINS

Abstract The present invention relates to improved methods for increasing accumulation levels of heterologous proteins in plant seeds for molecular fanning through targeted suppression of endogenous proteins that compete against the heterologous protein for limited resources, such as amino acids, ribosomal binding sites and portfolio of enzymes participating in translation and post-translational processing. Provided are methods to suppress expression of transcription factors in barley aquired for transcriptional activation of hordein genes, using either antisense "inhibition" or double stranded RNA-induced RNA interferance or post transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS).
Full Text

ENHANCING ACCUMULATION OF HETEROLOGOUS POLYPEPTIDES IN PLANT SEEDS THROUGH TARGETED SUPPRESSION OF ENDOGENOUS STORAGE PROTEINS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is in the field of plant molecular biology and relates specifically to methods to increase expression of heterologous proteins in plant seeds by suppressing competition from endogeneous expression of seed storage proteins in endosperm of monocotyledonous plants.
BACKGROUND
Many plants express and store in the endosperm of developing seeds a large reservoir of proteins that serve different functions, such as different kinds of storage proteins, metabolic enzymes, endochitinases, protein synthesis inhibitors, protease inhibitors, amylases, lectins and peroxidases. The storage proteins in endosperm can amount to more than 15% of seed dry weight, such as is common in many monocotyledonous crop species. Accordingly, at certain developmental stage, the cell machinery in seed endosperm is primarily occupied with production and storage of these particular proteins. Furthermore, most storage protein genes are found in multiple copies, reflecting the importance of fast accumulation of these proteins, In the span of a few days to a few weeks.
The inherent biological capacity for protein accumulation In developing endosperm of crop seeds means that many crop plants, especially monocotyledonous, have the potential to be a practical and efficient vehicle for large-scale production of heterologous recombinant proteins, e.g. high-value polypeptides for the pharmaceutical industry; a manufacturing process often referred to as molecular farming. In addition, storing heterologous polypeptides in seeds reduces down-stream processing cost since these seeds may be stored for years without affecting the quality of the heterologous polypeptide. Expression of such proteins are, preferably, under the control of seed-specific or endosperm-specific promoters.
General molecular biology strategies, such as selection of appropriate promoters and sub-cellular localization, are utilized when Improving the expression levels of the

heterologous protein in the particular plant used for molecular farming, although the expression level is also critically affected by the nature of the protein to be expressed, its complexity and function. However, low expression levels of the heterologous protein (low percentage total soluble protein or %TSP) has been a particular concern, even when expressed in seeds. A novel blotechnologtcal approach is required to enhance further the expression level. This is a considerable challenge, especially since the cellular mechanism Is already programmed for Its endogeneous role which, in developing seeds, is preferably occupied with accummulation of storage proteins and general preparation for dormancy-dependent survival. The promoters most frequently used for driving the expression of the heterologous gene of interest in endosperm or seeds of monocotyiedonous plants are, largely, promoters from storage protein genes, such as the GluB-1, a 1.3 kb endosperm-specific promoter from rice (Patel et al. 2000; GenBank Accession No. X54314), or the 0.45 kb D-hordein promoter from barley (SSrensen et al. 1996; GenBank Accession No. X84368). Although these promoters are strong for driving expression of heterologous proteins of interest, their activity in time and space coincide with activity of endogeneous promoters driving the most abundant storage proteins, causing competition over limited resources, such as amino adds, ribosomal binding sites and the ensemble of enzymes participating in translation and post-translational processing. This competition negatively affects the expression levels of the heterologous polypeptide of interest.
It would be highly desirable to have a method to suppress the expression of endogeneous genes, such as many of the endogeneous storage proteins genes that are actively competing for resources, in time and space, with the expression of the heterologous protein of interest Therefore, suppression of storage proteins could have various industrial needs if a practical method of suppression could be provided. This can be a challenge of a considerable magnitude in molecular farming, especially if the endogeneous gene is a member of a multigene family. In barley, for example, the major sink for resources in endosperm are the B-hordein storage proteins that may account for as much as 50% of total endosperm proteins (Shewry 1993: in Barley; Chemistry and Technology).
The term 'sink", "sink genes' and "sink proteins" refer herein to genes and gene products that are actively expressed and take up a substantial amount of available resources in the cell, i.e., a sink "drains" a ceil of a substantial portion of its resources, and therefore limits available resources for the expression of other genes and gene products.

Antisense technology is emerging as an effective means for reducing the expression of specific endogenous gene products in plant ceils (see, e.g., US patent No. 5,759,829; Orvar et al. 1997; Coles et al. 1999). However, this technology is not a practical approach to suppress directly expression of genes that are members of a gene family, which Is frequently the case with seed storage proteins, such as the B-hordein genes that are at least 20 per haploid genome (Shewry et al. 1985); the technology is better suited to manipulate expression of genes not belonging to a gene family.
Another method for reducing endogeneous gene expression is the application of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) for post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). This RNA-induced gene silencing or RNA-interferance, where both the sense and Its complementary antisense RNA strand of a particular endogeneous gene are combined in one dsRNA, was first shown In Caenorhabditis elegans (Fire et al. 1998). Hamilton et al. (1999) indicate that short nudeotlde RNAs (21-23 nudeotides long) are break-down products of the dsRNA that regulate the clevage of the endogeneous target mRNA in PTGS in plants. A more powerfull approach of double-stranded gene silencing in plants has been the method described by Wesley et al (2001) where a gene silendng gene is constructed in such a way that it forms a "hairpin-loop* RNA (hpRNA) following transcription. One form of the hpRNA gene silendng is the intron-spliced hpRNA (ihpRNA) where the spacer in the hairpin-loop is an intron. The ihpRNA is capable of very strong PTGS in plants (see also Waterhouse et al 2001 and Smith et al 2000). Methods for producing such PTGS constructs in a special vector are described in US Patent application 2003-A-0049835.
There is a need for new methods for improving the expression of heterologous genes In molecular farming and espedaily in monocotyledonous plants such as barley. The ability to reduce competition In expression between heterologous genes of interest and endogeneous "sink" genes for the purpose of increasing expression of pharmaceutical proteins of interest in molecular farming, has not been accomplished In the art. The prior art has also not demonstrated how targeted gene silendng, using for example hpRNA-induced PTGS, can in feet increase expression levels of heterologous genes of interest in molecular farming.
SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The primary objective of present invention is summarized as providing methods and nucleic add constructs for increasing levels of accummulation of heterologous polypeptides of interest in transgenic seeds used as a production vehicle in molecular

farming. A primary approach is to limit competition for resources from protein translation of endogeneous undesired mRNA encoding endosperm-specific storage proteins in monocotyledonous plants in favour of expression of the recombinantly produced heterologous polypeptide of interest in aforementioned endosperm.
Previous methods to suppress expression of genes that are members of a gene family is to target an individual member or homologous regions within the coding sequence of gene family members that are characteristic to all of them. One objective of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages of these previously described methods, by attenuating the expression of the gene family by suppressing expression of single-gene transcription regulators that in a coordinated fashion orchestrate regulation of the expression of a plurality of members of the aforementioned gene family.
Another objective of the present invention is to use hpRNA-induced PTGS of transcription regulators to suppress the expression of major storage proteins in the endosperm of monocotylodonous plants, and, thereby, avoid using so called antisense technology which is more conventional in the art, or the so called co-suppression, for the same purpose.
If hpRNA-induced PTGS of transcription regulators of major storage protein genes, such as the hordeins in barley, could be achieved, without affecting expression levels of transcription regulators of the particular promoter driving the transgene coding for the heterologous protein of interest, competition for limited resources for translation would be reduced in favour of the mRNA encoding the heterologous protein of interest, leading to Increased accumulation of the particular heterologous protein of interest.
An objective of the present invention is to provide methods for suppressing expression of transcription regulators of major storage protein genes, and, thus, reducing the expression levels of said storage protein genes, without affecting activity of the particular promoter driving the expression of the transgene of interest, encoding the heterologous protein being produced In the plant.
A first aspect of the invention provides a method of enhancing the expression and accumulation of a heterologous polypeptide of interest in plant seeds, said method comprising:
(a) Transforming a plant cell with a DNA sequence for a seed-specific promoter operably linked to a DNA sequence encoding one or more transcription regulators (TF), or part(s) thereof, including a chimeric combination of different

TF(s), regulating transcription of one or more endogenous genes encoding seed storage proteins, wherein the transcribed strand of said TF DNA sequence is capable of forming a 'hairpin* RNA capable of suppressing, delaying or otherwise reducing the expression of one or more of said seed storage proteins in said plant cell, and
(b) selecting a seed-specific promoter that has no cis-acting elements recognized by
the transcription regulators described above in (a), and
(c) transforming the same or another plant cell described in (a) with a DNA
sequence for a promoter described in (b) operably linked to a DNA sequence
encoding a heterologous polypeptlde of Interest;
(d) regenerating a plant from said transformed plant host cell(s), and growing said
plant under conditions whereby said DNA sequence(s) encoding one or more
TF(s), or part(s) thereof, is transcribed, thereby reducing expression of said
endogenous mRNA, thus reducing expression of said seed storage proteins, and
thus enhancing the expression and accumulation of said heterologous
polypeptide of interest.
In a useful embodiment, the DNA sequence(s) of step (a) and the DNA sequence of step (c) are introduced into the same plant cell. In such embodiments, the sequence may be operably linked in one DNA sequence.
However, in other Interesting embodiments, the DNA sequence(s) of step (a) is introduced into the genome of a first plant host cell, and the said DNA sequence of step (c) is introduced into the genome of a second plant host cell. A first transgenic plant Is then regenerated from said first plant host cell and a second transgenic plant is generated from said second plant host cell, and a progeny population of transgenic plants is generated from sexual crossing between said first and second transgenic plant, the progeny population plants having cells comprising both the the DNA sequence(s) encoding said one or more TF-s, and the DNA-sequences encoding the heterologous protein of interest, such that the plants are able to express and accumulate said heterologous protein.
In preferred embodiments, the suppressed seed storage protein is a hordein of barley, e.g., one or both of B-hordeln and C- hordein.
The DNA sequence encoding the heterologous polypeptide of interest can be DNA sequence encoding a prokaryotic or eukaryotic protein, that may be accumulated in a plant cell according to the invention. Examples of proteins that may selected for

production according to the present invention are collagens, collagenase, homeobox polypeptides, monoclonal antibodies, secreted antibodies, single chain antibodies, mannose-binding lectin, pepsin, chymotrypsin, trypsin, casein, human growth hormone, human serum albumin, human insulin, lactofenin, lyzosymes, cellulases, pectinases, hemlcellulases, phytases, hydrolases, peroxidases, fibrinogen, factor IXr factor XIII, thrombin, protein C, xylanase, isoamylase, glucoamylase, amylases, fysozyme, beta.-glucanase, glucocerebrosidase, caseins, lactose, urease, glucose isomerase, invertase, streptavidin, esterases, alkaline phosphatase, protease inhibitors, proteases, pepsin, chymotrypsin, trypsin, papain, kinases, phosphatases, deoxyribonudeases, ribonucleases, phosphlipases, lipases, laccase, spider silk proteins, antifreeze proteins, antimicrobial peptides or defensins, growth factors and cytokinins.
In some embodiments, said DNA sequence! encodes a desired protein from a thermophflic organism, such as e.g. a carbohydrade binding module (CBM). An example of a suitable CBM is the CBM9-2 from Thermotoga maritima. The CBM9-2 genomic DNA sequence is available as GenBank Accession No. Z46264 and it belongs to the Family IX of CBM-s. Also fusion proteins comprising said CBM or another suitable CBM may be encoded by the DNA sequence and overexpressed in seeds in accordance with the invention. Methods of purifying such CBMs and CBM fusion proteins are described in further detail in applicant's copending international patent applications nA non-denaturing process to purify recomblnant proteins from plants" and *A process for proteolytic cleavage and purification of recombinant proteins" filed simultaneously with this application and which are incorporated herein in full by reference.
In a particular embodiment, said DNA sequence comprises a human homeobox B4 (HoxB4) gene encoding HoxB4 protein. Said human HoxB4 protein preferably has the sequence depicted as SEQ ID NO: 1, or substantial Sequence Identity to SEQ ID NO: 1, such that the expressed protein preferably has all functional characteristics of the native HoxB4 protein. Substantial sequence identity indicates in the context herein at least 50% sequence identity and more preferably at least 60% such at least 70% sequence identity, such as at least 80% and preferably at least 90% sequence identity, such as at least 95% or 99% sequence identity.
As Indicated herein, said DNA sequence encoding one or more TF or part(s) thereof Is preferably capable of forming a •hairpin* RNA capable of suppressing, delaying or otherwise reducing the expression of one or more of said seed storage proteins- Said DNA sequence may comprise a complete TF sequence, however, in some cases, suppression will be effected even if only a part of the TF sequence is in place- Hence, in

These embodiments, a sufficiently long part of the one or more TF sequences is required such that suppression is affected. In some cases, a part of the TF sequence as short as 20 nudeotides In length is sufficient, but preferably a part in the range of at least 20-500 nudeotides is used, including about 20-200, such as in the range of 20-100, or in the range of 50-100 nudeotides in length.*.
In certain useful embodiments, the DNA sequence encoding one or more TF is a chlmeric DNA sequence, as defined herein, comprised of regions of two or more DNA sequences encoding TF-s, or parts thereof. In other useful embodiments, the DNA sequence encoding one or more TF in a chimeric DNA sequence, may also indude an intron sequence capable of forming a loop in a "hairpin" RNA.
Preferred embodiments make use of DNA sequences encoding a TF or part thereof comprises a region encoding a TF or part thereof from the group of bZIP proteins, more preferably bZIP proteins selected from barley BLZ1 and BLZ2 proteins (see Onate et al 1999). Said DNA sequence may comprise a part of the sequence encoding such protein, of sufficient length to affect suppression, or a combination of parts of the sequences encoding said proteins.
Said DNA sequence preferably comprises the sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO: 4, or a sequence encoding a protein with substantial sequence identity to any of the amino acid sequences encoded by said sequences, or a sequence with a part of SEQ ID NO: 2, or SEQ ID NO: 4, of sufficient length to cause suppression according to the method of the invention. As indicated above, any combination of said sequences, such as a combination of one or more parts of the above sequences may be useful, an example of such combination is shown as SEQ ID NO: 5 which is a chimera of parts of BLZ1 and BLZ2.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide methods to use hpRNA-induced PTGS technology to suppress expression of transcription regulators of major storage protein genes. Therefor, in certain embodiments, the methods of the invention apply hpRNA-induced PTGS technology to suppress the expression of endogeneous storage proteins and, therefore, increasing availability of resources, such as amino acids, ribosomal binding sites and the ensemble of enzymes participating in translation and post-translational processing, for translation of mRNA encoding heteroiogous polypeptide of interest. Hence, In preferred embodiments, said DNA sequence encoding one or more TF-s or part(s) or combination thereof, preferably from the group of bZIP proteins as described above, is capable of expressing a "hairpin" RNA (hpRNA) in said plant cell.

Said DNA sequence preferably comprises a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 6, or SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8 and any part or combination thereof, of sufficient length to cause suppression according the methods described herein, i.e., particularly In seeds and/or endosperm, such as preferably in endosperm in barley.
Hence, an objective of the present Invention is to provide methods and tools in molecular biology for reducing the levels of B-hordeins and Ohordeins in barley endosperm. More particularity, an object of the present invention is to provide gene constructs comprising regions of the BLZ1 and BLZ2 genes capable of forming hpRNA and, thus, enabling reduction of expression of said endosperm genes.
More particularity, the invention provides gene constructs of regions of the BLZ1 and BL22 genes encoding transcript forming a hpRNA capable of PTGS in barley endosperm.
In a preferred embodiment of the foregoing, a method of making transgenic plants with reduced level of endosperm storage proteins comprises: (1) providing a monocotyledonous plant cell, preferably barley, capable of regeneration Into fertile plant; (2) transforming the plant cell with nudeic add construct comprising an expression cassette, read in the 5'to 3'direction, a seed-specific, preferably endosperm-specific promoter, a nudeic add sequence encoding transcription regulator regulating endogenous seed storage proteins, another seed-specific, preferably endosperm-specific promoter that has no tis-acting elements recognized by the transcription regulator regulating the storage protein gene(s) to be suppressed, a nucleic acid sequence encoding a heterologbus polypeptide of Interest and a 3' untranslated region; (3) regenerating the said plant cell to provide the first transgenic plant having reduced levels of transcription regulators regulating expression of seed storage proteins and having reduced levels of endogenous storage proteins.
Also encompassed by the present invention are DNA constructs for high-level expression of heterologous polypeptjdes of interests In monocotyledonous seeds. Such DNA constructs include: a promoter that is functional in a given monocotyledonous seed and operably linked to a sequence encoding a heterologous polypeptide of interests; and a chimeric gene construct of regions of the BLZ1 and BLZ2 genes encoding a transcript capable of forming hpRNA capable of PTGS in barley endosperm operably linked to a promoter that is functional in a given monocotyledonous seed.

Another aspect of the invention provides transgenlc plants, such as in particular those described above, obtainable by the methods described herein. Said plants have the above-mentioned desired characteristics, i.e., suppress the expression of selected major resource "sink19 proteins In order to enhance the expression and accumulation of desired recombinantly produced proteins. Preferred plants according tothe invention include Barley plants, e.g. of the variety Hordeum vulgarls, that can be used in accordance with the invention for expression and accumulation of heterologous proteins in seeds. The Barley plants of the present invention preferably have in their genome sequences encoding the preferred TFs described herein such as a TF or part thereof from the group of bZIP proteins.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG.l Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis of total protein from Hordeum vulgarls cv. Skegla (49 days post anthesls) using aqueous extraction (lane 1), salt extraction (lane 2) and EtOH extraction (lane 3).Arrows indicate the B~(lower) and C-hordeins (upper).
FIG. 2 Agarose gel analysis of PCR amplification products using a) primers SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 10 (see Example 2) and b) primers SEQ ID NO: 12 and SEQ ID NO: 13 (Example 3). The products were separated on 1.0% agarose gel, stained with ethldium bromide and photographed under UV. The size markers on the left are EcoRI/Hlndin- cut lambda. Arrows indicate the amplified products.
FIG. 3 illustrates schematic representation of cloning of the binary plant transformation vector pbDHlOl for transformation of barley with codon-optlmized HoxB4-CBM chimeric gene for expression in barley endosperm tissue under the regulation of the D-hordein promoter. Abbreviations: D-hor, D-hordein promoter; CBM, codon-optlmized gene encoding carbohydrate binding domain from Thermatoga maritima; HoxB4, codon-optimized (SEQ ID NO: 20); L, linker (PTPTPT; P Is proline, T is threonine); kd, KDEL sequence; pinll, potato proteinase inhibitor II gene termination signal; CaMV 35S, cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter; hph, hygromycin phosphotransferase from E. coli (Genebank accession # KOI 193); Nos-ter, nopaline synthase termination signal; R, right border; L, left bonder.

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the gene constructed for hairpin RNA-induced targetai suppression of BLZl and BLZ2 In barley under the regulation of the D-hordein
promoter. The 114 bp BLZ1/BLZ2 in sense orientation and in antisense orientation, respectively, are capable of forming the stem section while the 88 bp intron4 form the loop in the hairpin loop.
FIG. 5 illustrates schematically cloning of the binary plant transformation vector pbDH104 for transformation of barley with hpRNA-induced targetai suppression of BLZl and BLZ2 in barley endosperm tissue under the regulation of the D-hordein promoter. Abbreviations: D-hor, D-hordeln promoter; hpBl/2, a 620 bp suppressor fragment composed of nudeotide sequences (SEQ ID NO: 8) derived from BLZl and BL22; CBM, codon-optimized gene encoding carbohydrate binding domain from Thermatoga maritima; HoxB4, codon-optimized homeo box B4 gene (SEQ ID NO: 20); L, linker (PTPTPT; P Is proline, T is threonine); pinll, potato proteinase Inhibitor II gene termination signal; CaMV 35S, cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter; hphf hygromycin phosphotransferase from E. coli (Genebank accession #K01193); Nos-ter, nopaline synthase termination signal; R, right border; L, left border.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
Herein below, the present Invention will be described in detail.
The term "protein" is used herein interchangeably with "polypeptide" and "peptlde".
The term "heterologous" used herein may be used interchangeably with the term wnon-native" or "foreign" or "exogeneous" and applies to proteins and/or in-vitro modified DNA sequences that are normally not found in the host organisms that have not been subjected to genetic manipulation involving recombinant DNA technology. The term "heterologous polypeptlde of interest" or'polypeptlde of Interest" used herein refers to any polypeptide intended for expression In a host organism using the methods or compositions of the present Invention. As non-limiting examples, pharmacological polypeptides (e.g., for medical uses) or industrial polypeptides (e.g., enzymes) can be produced according to the present invention.
The term'coding sequence"refers to a nudeotide sequence encoding a specific amino acid sequence.

A "promoter is defined as an array of nudeic add control sequences or transcription regulator binding sites that direct transcription of an operably linked nucleic acid. The promoter refers to a nudeic add sequence controlling the expression of a coding sequence or functional RNA. The term 'operably linked" refers to a functional linkage between a promoter (nucleic add expression control sequence, or array of transcription factor binding sites) and a second nudeic acid sequence, wherein the promoter directs transcription of the nudeic add corresponding to the second sequence.
Transcription regulators* or "Transcription factors" refers to trans-acting regulatory proteins which can bind to cis-actlng elements, also called ds-acting motifs, that are short DNA sequences located upstream of genes, or within Introns, or downstream of stop codon.
The term "endogenous gene" refers to a native gene in its natural location in the genome of an organism.
The term "chimeric combination" or "chimeric gene" or a 'hybrid gene" refer*, to any two or more linked DNA sequence formings gene that is not an endogenous gene; comprising regulatory and or coding sequences that are normally not found together in nature. The term "gene construct" or "DNA construct" or "nucleic acid consjtnact" refers to any DNA sequences or combination of DNA sequences that are assembled by general molecular biology strategies.
The terms "expression", as used herein, refers to the biosynthesis of a gene product, Including the transcription of sense (mRNA), antisense RNA or other RNA polymers thereof In either single- or double-stranded form resulting from RNA polymerase-catalyzed transcription of a DNA sequence. Expression may also refer to translation of mRNA from said gene into a polypeptide.
The term "transformation'1' refers to the transfer of a nudeic add molecule Into the genome of a host organism, resulting in genetically stable Inheritance. Host organisms containing the transformed nudeic add fragments are referred to as "transgenlc" organisms. The term "transgenic" meahs that the plant host cell of the invention contains at least one foreign, preferably two foreign nudeic acid molecule(s) stably integrated in the genome. Examples of methods of plant transformation indude Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (De Biaere et al. 1987) and particle-

Bombardment or 'gene gun* transformation technology (Klein et al. (1987); U.S. Pat. No.4,945,050).
The term "antfsense inhibition" or "antisense" or "antlsense suppression" refers to an antlsense strand sufficiently complementary to an endogenous transcription product or mRNA such that translation and expression of the endogenous transcription product is Inhibited or reduced. The term "targetal suppression* refers to using recombinant DNA technology to design and apply DNA sequences capable of encoding RNA transcripts capable of interfering and suppressing expression of endogenous genes selected for suppression in some given living organism. The term "suppressor transgene" refers to any heterologous DNA sequence encoding RNA transcripts capable of interfering and suppressing expression of endogenous genes. The term "co-suppression" refers to when a gene introduced into a cell with transformation and having identical or similar sequence as an endogenous gene fin that same ceil causes suppression of both the endogenous gene and the Introduced gene.
"bZIP* proteins used herein, refers to regulatory proteins that contain so called basic helix/leucine zipper domains that are involved En DNA binding and dimerization and that commonly bind to DNA sequences containing 5'ACGT'3 core.
The term "hordeins” used herein, refers to storage proteins In barley and specifically synthesized in endosperm, and are divided Into 4 groups: 8- (beta, also referred as B-)# D-, C- and gamma hordeins.
The term "molecular farming" used herein refers to the process of using plants to produce valuable biological compounds such as proteins for further processing
Monocotyiedonous plants that can be genetically manipulated can be used in the present invention. Preferably the plant is a monocotyiedonous plant, more preferably selected barley, maize, wheat, oat, and rice. Barley has many desired characteristics making it a preferred candidate for the present Invention, the barley species Hordeum vutgarisis particularly preferred. A plant that can be genetically transfbrmed is a plant into which a heterologous DNA sequence, including a DNA sequence for a coding region or DNA sequence encoding a RNA transcript capable of forming hpRNA, can be introduced, expressed, stably maintained, and transmitted to subsequent generations of progeny. Genetic manipulation and transformation methods have been used to produce barley plants that are using herbicides including, for instance, blalaphos or basta, or antibiotic, such as hygromydn, as selectable markers.

After selecting a suitable host plant a promoter is selected for driving the expression of. the heterologous gene of interest. A number of promoters which are active in plant cells have been described In the literature. It is preferred that the promoters utilized in the DNA construct of the present invention have strong activity in tissues where the accumulation of the heterologous polypeptlde of interest is desired, such as in the endosperm of seeds of monocotyiedonous plants. It is further preferred that the promoter of choice is not regulated by transcription regulators that are targeted to be suppressed by the method of this invention, such as transcription regulators that regulate expression of endogenous storage protein genes that compete for resources with the expression of a heterologous gene of interest. Such promoters may be obtained from a variety of plant genetic material or from plant viruses. As described below, It is preferred that the particular promoter selected is suitable for expression of a heterologous protein in monocotyiedonous seeds, more preferably in barley, and most preferably in the endosperm tissue of the seed, Cloning and analysis of such suitable promoter useful for the purpose of this invention is described in Example 2.
It is still further preferred that protein profile expression pattern in the target tissue selected for the accumulation of the heterologous protein of interest is analysed and the most abundant storage proteins identified for targetal suppression according to the invention. The analysis can rely on prior art such as data collected from published literature. This may also include monitoring simultaneously the expression patterns of thousands of genes with a micro array approach, using mRNA extracted from said tissue at time points that overlap the temporal expression profile of the promoter selected for driving the expression of the heterologous protein, or using Northern blot analysis, RT-PCR and/or Western blotting. Based on gathered information candidate genes with high expression competing in time and space with expression of the heterologous gene of interest are selected for targetal suppression according to the invention.
Ttie recombinant plasmid of the invention can be obtained by ligating (inserting) the ONA sequences of interest Into an appropriate plasmid that is nepllcable In a bacterial host. The DNA sequences, such as the gene encoding the heterologous protein of interest or the DNA sequences designed for targetal suppression of endogenous genes should preferably be operably Incorporated into the plasmid that may contain, in addition to a promoter and for this purpose, and if desired, additional enhancer DNA sequences, scaffold-attachment regions, introns, poly(A) addition signal, rlbosome binding sequence and selectable marker gene of interest such as hygromydn resistance gene, ampicillin resistance gene, bialaphos resistance gene, or the like.

EXAMPLES
The following examples are provided to better define the present invention and to guide those of ordinary skill in the art in the practice of the present invention. Unless otherwise noted, terms are to be understood according to conventional usage by those of ordinary skill in the relevant art.
METHODS
RNA extraction and Northern blot analysis
Total RNA is isolated using TRIzol (Gibco BRL) according to manufacturer's instructions, and 10 pg of total RNA per lane subjected to electrophoresls, and transferred to Hybond N membrane (Amersham) by capillary action. RNA Is crossiinked to the membrane using a Stratolinker (Stratagene), and the filter is hybridized with high stringency hybridization and washing as described (Davis eta/., 1994). Probes are radiolabeled with 32P by random priming (T7 QuickPrime Kit®; Pharmacia) according to manufacturer's instructions. Negative digital images of EtBr-stalned blots are used as loading controls.
Barley transformation
a) Plant material for genetic transformation
Hordeum vulgare cv Golden Promise seeds were sowed on a mixture of 75% light sphagnum peat and 25% pumice (medium grain size) and plants grown at 18 °C daytime (16 hours) and 12 °C nighttime (8 hours) and 70% relative humidity under 250 pmol m*2 s"1 of continuous light during daytime in cool-white fluorescent and sub-Irrigated as needed with water. Under these conditions the plants grew vegetatively for about 55-95 days or until immature seeds were ready as material for transformation, which Is about 8 to 14 days post anthesis. Seeds were sterilized in 3% sodium hypochlorite for 40 min in rotary shaker and rinsed with five changes of sterile water.
b) Bacterial strains and preparation for plant transformation
Agrobacterium tumefadens, harbouring a binary vector in trans with a Ti-plasmid
possessing a vir region, Is used to introduce into barley the T-DNA region with the DNA
construct regulating the expression of the heterologous protein of interest.
Transformation of both E. coli XL-Blue and Agrobacterium tumefadens bacteria is done
by electroporatfon as described by Manlatls et al.. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory
Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1982). For
preparation for transformation of plant a single colony of the Agrobacterium culture is

inoculated 5 ml of Agro medium (Tryptone 5 g/L, yeast extract 2.5 g/L, mannitol 5 g/L,
glutamlc acid 1 g/L, KH2PO4 250 mg/L, MgSO9-7H2O 100 mg/L, Wotin 1 pg/L, pH 7.0, 25 pg/ml rifampitin, 50 pg/ml spectinomycin) and grown for 24 to 40 hours at 27°C. In sterile eppendorf tubes 200 pi of culture is added to 200 pi of 30% aqueous glycerol (previously sterilised) and culture vortexed well and left: on the bench for 2 hours before storing at -80°C For each transformation one tube is removed from the -80°C freezer, thawed and approx. 200 \A of Agrobacterium bacterial stock added to 5 ml Agro medium without antibiotic. The culture is then grown for 17 to 20 hours at 27°C before using for inoculation of plant material (see below).
c) Preparation of barley explants for Agrobacterium-lnduced transformation
On day one approximately 10 barley heads were picked, approx. 8 to 14 days after anthesis, awns and seeds removed and embryos between 1.5 mm and 2 mm in size selected. The initial plant material needs to be healthy and mature, and not waterlogged, and the seeds should be green with no signs of disease or fungi. Seeds were placed in 50 ml falcon tube (no more than half full) and rinsed with 70% ethanol and ethanol then poured off. 20% bleach solution (White King) was then added and mixed for 20 minutes. In laminar airflow hood the bleach solution was poured off, the seeds rinsed with sterile water (about 5 - 8 rinses) and tube placed at 4°C O/N. On day two seeds were placed in a sterile Petri dish on the microscope platform. The position of the embryo was located, the end cut off the seed and a cut down the side of seed made. The seed was then held firmly with forceps and the middle of the seed pressured so that the embryo popped out. The embryo was held in place with forceps and scalpel blade inserted in the groove between scutellum and axis and the axis slowly excised. The embryo minus the axis was placed on a regeneration media, cut side up, in centre of Petri dish with approximately 25 embryos to a plate.
d) All binary vector where propagated in E. coll XI-BIue LB culture medium containing
100 pg/ml spectinomycin at 37°C and the vector subsequently purified from 100 ml
culture grown overnight using the QIAGEN® Plasmld Midi Kit. The purified binary vector
was Introduced into the Agrobacterium tumefaciens with electroporation by placing 1 M>
(1 pg) of the vector in sterile cuvette with 0.1 cm gap (BloRad), washing down the
vector with 40 pi of electnocompetent cells, and setting the voltgage at 2.5 kV and
capacitance at 21 pF for the electroporation. The cells were spread on YEP selection
plates containing 100 pg/ml spectinomycin and 20 pg/ml rifempidn grown at 28 °C for 2
days. Plasmid restriction digest analysis from A. tumefaciens transformants where then
carried out to verify the intactness of the binary vector.
e) Agrobacterium infection of barley explants
Approximately 20 pi of Agrobacterium culture was pipetted onto each embryo ensuring all embryos came in contact with the solution. The embryos were flipped (cut side down).

and dragged across the regeneration media to the outside of plate, removing excess Agrobacterium. The embryos were then transferred to fresh regeneration media plates (cut side up) at evenly spaced Intervals (25 per plate) and placed in dark cabinet at 24°C f) Regeneration and organogenesis in barley tissue culture after Agrobacterium Infection After three days the embryos were transferred to a fresh regeneration media with a selectable marker, such as blalaphos or hygromycin and left there for four to six weeks, subculturing every two weeks. To regenerate shoots, the call) are transferred to shoot-induction media (SIM) and surviving callus and regenerating shoots transferred to fresh SIM every two weeks until small piantlets are formed. Then the plantlets are transferred to root-induction media (RIM) and surviving plants potted in soil for further screening.
DNA extraction, PCRattd cloning
Genomic DNA for PCR amplification was extracted from ca 200 mg young leaf tissue using the NucleoSpin Plant Kit® from Clonetech, and according to manufacturer's instructions. The PCR reactions were carried out in a peitier thermal cycler (MJ Research, PTC-200) with heated lid. All primers were synthesized chemically with a fully automated DNA synthesizer (Perkfn-Elmer). All DNA fragments were size-fractionated on 1% EtBr-stained agrose gel under UV light and purified using the QIAquick® Gel Extration Kit (Qlagen). Restriction enzymes were purchased from New England Biolabs Inc (Beverly, Mass.) and Fermentas and used according to the manufacturer's Instructions. Cloning and other DMA manipulations were carried out according to standard procedures as described by Manlatis et at., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, fl.Y. (1982) but all ligation reactions used the following conditions: T4 DNA ligase (2.5U) in a buffer [50 mM Tris-HCI (pH 7.6), 5 mM MgCI2,1 mM DTT, 0.5 mM ATP, 2.5% polyethylene glycol-8000] at 16°C for 16 hours. Competent Escherichia coli XL-Blue were used as redpient In transformation experiments for DNA manipulations and construction of plasmid clones. Ail plasmid DNA midi prep were prepared using the Qiagen® Plasmid Midi Kit (Qiagen) and sequencing of DNA fragments carried out using automated DNA sequencing (ABI, Pharmacia).
EXAMPLE 1 Analysis of *slnk* proteins in Hordeum vulgaris endosperm
Protein expression analysis in Hordeum vulgaris seeds cultivar Skegla may be carried out using SDS-PAGE of proteins extracted from seeds collected at 49-days post anthesis (dpa) to identify those endosperm-expressed proteins that are major contributors to the total protein level of the endosperm and, therefore, potential candidate for targetal

suppression. Whole seeds from five axes of barley were finely ground by hand in liquid nitrogen before addition of the appropriate extraction buffer. Two kinds of extraction buffers, in addition to aqueous extraction, where used on both samples. Firstly, the extraction of total proteins was performed under reducing conditions with ethanol extraction (70% EtOH) in the presence of 1 % 2-Mercaptoethanol, 10 mM Tris-HCI pH 8.0 and 1% Polyvinyl pyirolidlne (MW 360.000). Secondly, the extraction of total proteins was performed under reducing conditions in the presence of 170 mM NaCl, l % 2-Mercaptoethanol, 10 mM Tris-HCI pH 8.0 and 1% Polyvinyl pyrrolidine (MW 360.000). After grinding the sample in liquid nitrogen 5 ml of the extraction buffer was added to the extraction vial followed by continous grinding for 3 min. The extract was clarified by centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 10 min^at 4°C, followed by a tenfold centrifugal concentration in UItrafree-4 concentrators with molecular 5 kDa cut-off (UR/4BCC00-Millipore Corp. Bedford, MA, USA). A 100 pi sample of the clarified, concentrated extract was added to 100 pi of 2x sample buffer and the mixture placed in a boiling water bath for 5 min. After cooling, 10 µL of the sample was loaded on 12 % polyacrylamide gel separated with SDS-PAGE. After SDS-PAGE the gel was stained with Coomassie blue R250 staining, and destalned to visualize the protein bands. Results show that the most abundant proteins in developing endosperm in H.vulgare cultlvar Skegla are B- and C-hordeins (Fig.l).
The results indicate that suppressing transcription regulators that regulate the genes encoding B and C hondelns is very likely to reduce competition for resources and allow increased accumulation of an expressed heterologous polypeptlde, In accordance with the invention.
EXAMPLE 2
Selection of promoter for targetal suppression of B- and C-hordeins in Hordeum vulgare
used as an expression vehicle for heterologous proteins
The gene promoters of B-hordeins (GenBank Accession No. X53690) and C-hordeins (GenBank Accession No. M36941) contain 100% identical cis-acting elements identified in both of them that participate in their transcriptional regulation (Muller and Knudsen 1993; Vicente-Carbajosa et al. 1992). These ds-elements are within the so-called endosperm box (EM) located about 300 bp upstream of the translational start codon. EM harbours two distinctive cis-acting motifs for transcription factor binding, the prolamin box (PB), 5 '-TGTAAAG-3', and the GCN4-I»ke motif (GLM), 5'-(G/A)TGA(G/C)TCAT-3'. The GLM is recognized by two transcription factors, BLZ1 (GenBank Accession No. X80068), and BL22 (GenBank Accession No. X8OO68). Upon binding, transcription of the

particular gene is activated (see Onate et al. 1999). Both these genes are single copy genes and therefore good candidates for targetal suppression described by this invention. Vlcente-Carbajosa et al. (1998) tested their antisense suppression in transient expression system without Investigating the effect on plant stably transformed plants, or on storage protein accumulation. Furthermore, the effect of such suppression on accumulation of heterologous proteins in the same tissue has not been investigated. An important criteria in engineering targetal suppression according to the invention Is that the promoter driving the transgene encoding the heterologous protein of interest should not contain cis-acting motifs recognized by the particular transcription regulator responsible for expression of the storage proteins to suppress. As the B- and C-hordeins contain the GLM recognized by BLZ1 and BLZ2 the B- and C-hordeln promoters cannot be used to drive the expression of the heterologous transgene encoding the desired heterologous protein. Another important criteria is that the promoter driving the suppressor transgene itself is driven by a tissue-specific, e.g. endosperm-specific, promoter so the expression of the transcription regulators In other tissues, where they may be needed, would not be affected. This Is important since many transcription factors, such as the BLZ1 in barley, are expressed In more than one tissue. Stilt another criteria is to avoid "auto-suppression" of the suppressor transgene by using a promoter to drive the suppressor transgene that does not have as-acting elements recognized by transcription regulators to be suppressed by the Invention.
Based on these criteria, a candidate promoter was selected for targetal suppression of B-and C-hordeins.
Isolation, cloning and analysis of D-hordeln promoter from Hordeum vulgare cv Skegla
Primers were designed to amplify the proximal promoter region from -435 to -16 based
on the translation initiation site of the D-hondein gene as described in GenBank sequence
Id. X84368 as a sense primer,
5'GGAATTCCtowCTTCGAGTGCCCGCCGATTTGCCAGCAATGG (SEQ ID NO: 9), with an
EcoRI restriction site introduced at the 5 'end, was synthesized and as an antisense
primer,
S'ATAAGAATGCGGCCGCMoaAATGAATTGATCTCTAGTrTTGTGG (SEQ ID NO: 10), With a
NotI restriction site introduced at the 5'end, was synthesized. The purpose for introduction of these restriction sites at the 5 'end of the primers was to aid in cloning the amplified fragment. The composition of the reaction solution used to amplify the 420

bp fragment, using the genomic DNA from Hordeum vulgare cv. Skegla as the template, was the following:

The above reaction solution was mixed thoroughly, except 9pl of sterilized water and the Taq DNA polymerase, and the solution heated to 94°C for 3 min., then cooled down to 80°C for 30 sec and the Taq DNA polymerase and 9pl of sterilized water added. The first cyde of the PCR was performed as follows: The reaction was heated to 94°C for 30 sec, cooled to 57°C for 30 sec for annealing , and then heated to 72°C or 45 sec for extension. The next 30 cycles were as follows: thermal denaturation at 94°C for 30 sec, annealing at 62°C for 30 sec and extension at 72°C for 45 sec. After completion of the 30 cycles the reaction was heated for 72°C for 4 min. The 420 bp amplified fragment (Figure 2a) was digested with EcoRI/NotI and then llgated to the EcoRI/NotI I site of vector pKOH122 to yield the recombinant plasmid pDH104. The nucleotide sequence of the 420 bp DNA insert was then decided (SEQ ID NO: 11). According to the sequence the D-hordein promoter does not contain the GLM and, therefore, suppression of B~ and Ohordeins through targetal suppression of either BLZ1 or BL22 (see discussion above) would not affect the activity of the D-hordein promoter and, therefore, expression of the heterologous protein of interests. Furthermore, since D-hordeln promoter is exclusively endosperm-specific this promoter is useful for driving suppressor transgene designed to suppress expression of BLZ1 and BLZ2.
As it is critical to avoid "auto-suppression* of the suppressor transgene, by using promoter to drive the suppressor transgene that does not have cls-acting elements recognized by transcription regulators to be suppressed by the invention, using the D-hordein promoter, that lacks the GLM, to drive suppressor gene suppressing BLZ1 and BLZ2, would not cause such "auto-suppresslon".
EXAMPLE 3

Cloning of D-hordein coding region and analysis of endogenous expression of D-hordein gene at mRNA level
A sense primer, 5'GGAATTCCECOR, ATGGCTAA6CGGCTGGTCCTC (SEQ ID NO: 12), and an antfsense primer, 5'GGMTTCCEcowTTGCAATTGGATAGGrCTCTTG (SEQ ID NO: 13), were designed to amplify a 727 bp fragment from the coding region of the D-hordein gene as described in GenBank sequence id. X84368. The composition of the reaction solution used to amplify the 727 bp fragment, using the genomic DNA from Hordeum vulgare cv. Skegla as the template, was the following:

The above reaction solution was mixed thoroughly, except 9JJI of sterilized water and the Taq DNA polymerase, and the solution heated to 94°C for 3 min., then cooled down to 80°C for 30 sec and the Taq DNA polymerase and 9 pi of sterilized water added. The first cycle of the PCR was performed as follows: The reaction was heated to 94°C for 30 sec, cooled to 60°C for 30 sec for annealing ,and then heated to 72°C or 45 sec for extension. The next 30 cycles were as follows: thermal denaturation at 94°C for 30 sec, annealing at 65°C for 30 sec and extension at 72°C for 45 sec. After completion of the 30 cycles the reaction was heated for 72°C for 4 mln. The 727 bp amplified fragment (Fig. 2b) was digested with EcoRI and then llgated to the EcoRI site of vector pKOH122 to yield the recombinant plasmid pDH136. The sequence of the DNA insert was then decided (SEQ ID NO: 14).
The mRNA steady-state level of the D-hordein gene in endosperm 40 DAP, embryo 40 DAP, leaves, stem and root Is suitably analysed using Northern blot analysis: Total RNA Is isolated from 200 - 250 mg plant material from the different tissues or plant parts from Hordeum vulgare cv Skegla, separated on 1.2% agarose-formaldehyde gel and blotted onto Zeta-Probe membrane (Millipore, Bedford, Mass.) according to supplier's

instructions.Blotting, hybridization and washing are performed as described (Davis et a/., 1994). The hybridization is performed using a 32P radiolabeled, random-primed 747bp fragment of the D-hordein gene (SEQ ID NO: 14) as a probe.
EXAMPLE 4
Cloning of Barley Endosperm-codon-optimized HoxB4 into Plant Transformation Vector pbDHlOl
Codon-optimized HoxB4 for expression under the regulation of D-hordein promoter fn barley is synthezlsed by GeneArt GmbH (Germany), using the basic sequence information as described in GeneBank ID NM_024015 and codon-usage information for codon-optimized expression in endosperm under the regulation of the D-hordein promoter as described (see applicant's co-pending application "Methods for high level expression of polypeptides in plants using codon optimization"). The 791 bp fragment (SEQ ID NO: 20) is flanked by Ncol sites (CCATGG) for cloning and included a 27 nudeotide sequence encoding the linker-enterokinase cleavage site DDDDKPTFTPT at the 3 'end. The HoxB4 fragment is ligated into Ncol/Ncol site of pKOH122 to create pDH170. The fragment is then released with Ncol and ligated into the Ncol site in pDH152, substituting the EK-L fragment in pDHl52 to yield pDH156. The D-hordein promoter fragment from pDH104 is then ligated into the EcoRI/NotI site of pDH156 to yield pDH157. The D-promoter/SP/HoxB4-E-iyCBM/kd/pinII fragment is released with Sse83871/Sfl and ligated into Sse83871/Sfl site of pKOH250 to generate the plant transformation vector pbDHlOl (Fig.3).
EXAMPLE 5
Construction of plant transformation vector pbDH104 with hairpin RNA-induced targetal
suppression of BLZ1 and BLZ2 under regulation of D-hordein promoter
The gene for hairpin RNAHnduced targetal suppression of BLZ1 and BLZ2 was synthezised by GeneArt GmbH (Germany) as a 592 bp suppressor fragment followed by a 265 bp nos-termini fragment (SEQ ID NO: 8), and doned into Hindni/EcoRI site in pUC19 to yield pDH144. The fragment is a chimeric composition of nudeotide sequences from the BLZl-gene (SEQ ID NO: 2) and BLZ2-gene (SEQ ID NO: 4)f forming sense and antisense arms, and a 88 bp nudeotide sequence representing intron 4 from the BLZ1 gene (GenBank sequence id. X80068), designed to form RNA hairpin loop after transcription (Figure 4). The 857 bp fragment hpBl/2-nos was released with SacII/EcoRI

and substituting the antisenseBLZl-nos fragment In pDH158 to yield pDH160. Tlie complete insert In pDH160 was released with Sse83871/Sgfl digestion and ligated into Sse83871/Sgfl site of pKOH250 to generate the binary plant transformation vector pbDH104 (Fig. 5) capable of stable Integration of the DNA sequence between the left borders (L) and right borders (R) of the vector Into the plant genome.
EXAMPLE 6
Genetic transformation of barley with pbDHlOl and pDH104
Hordeum vulgaris cv Golden Promise immature seed, about 8 to 14 days post anthesis, is harvested and stored overnight at 4°C in dark. The cold-incubated immature seed is treated in 70% EtOH for 1 min. and then for 10 min. In 0.6% natrium hypochloride, followed by thorough washing (5-8 times) in sterile distilled water an placed on a sterile Petri plate under dissecting microscope in laminar flow hood under sterile conditions. The position of the embryo is located, the end of the seed cut off and a scission made down the side of the se&J. The seed is held down with forceps and the middle of the seed pressed down so that the embryo Is squeezed out. The embryo is held in place with the forceps, scalpel blade inserted in the groove between scutellum and axis and the axis slowly excised. The scutellum is placed on callus Induction media, the cut side up, and inoculated with 25 pi to 40 pi of full-strength Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying the plant transformation vector for 1 to 5 minutes. After inoculation the scutellum Is dragged to the outside of the dish to lower the bacterial load and to reduce the overgrowth during the co-cultivation phase. The infected scutellum is transferred to a new callus Induction media plate and the plate incubated at 24°C in dark for 3 days. After 3 days the scutellum is transferred to new callus induction media but with 100 pg/ml timentln for killing off the Agrobacterium and 50 pg/ml hygromycln for selecting transformed cells and incubated for 4 weeks in dark at 24°C, subculturing after 2 weeks. The callus is then transferred to shoot induction media including 2.5 mg/L BAP, 50 M9/ml timentln and 25 pg/ml hygromycln, and incubated in high light for 4 to 10 weeks. Individual regenerating plantlets are transferred to rooting medium (50 (jg/ml
9
tlmentin and 25 pg/ml hygromytin and without hormones). After development to approx. 5 to 7 cm shoots with roots, transgenic plants are moved to soil and grown there under full light.
EXAMPLE 9
Accumulation of HoxB4~CBM protein after targetal suppression of BLZ1 and BLZ2

To measure accumulation of the B- and Ohordeins in transgenic plants transformed with either pbOHlOl (hoxB4-cbm only) or pbOH104 (BLZl/2 hpRNA expressed with hoxB4-cbm), Colloidal Coomassie Brilliant Blue G Method may be used as described by Smith (in The Protein Protocols Handbook edy Walker, 2nd ed.,Humana Press, 2002). Soluble proteins from seed extracts are then separated with SDS-PAGE together with standard proteins, the gel subsequently stained for 1 hour with the staining solution ( 0.04% (w/v) Brilliant Blue G in 3.5% (w/v) perchloric acid), followed by destaining of the gel in distilled water for 4 hours. The intensity of the respective B- and C-hordein bands are analyzed with scanning densStometry and the relative band Intensity compared in transgenic plants transformed with pbDHlOl or pbDH104. This gives an estimate of the suppression of B- and C-hordein caused by the BLZl/2 hpRNA. The identity and the level of expression of the HoxB4-CBM in plants transformed with pbDHlOl or pbDH104 can be verified and measured by Western blotting of a fragment of the same gel containing a duplicate of samples. The bands may be electroblotted from the gelfragment onto a nitrocellulose membrane using Biorad 's Mini transblot Cell but the contours of the gel fragment marked on the filter prior to blotting. After blotting and disassembly of the gel/membrane sandwich, the nitrocellulose Is hybridized with polydonal antisera against CBM, and after multiple washing steps (2*5 min., 2*15 min., 1*5 min.), incubated for 45 min with secondary antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). After subsequent washing steps, described above, and upon the addition of the substrates 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate and nltro blue tetrazolium chloride to the membrane, the HRP color reaction positively identifies the band as HoxB4-CBM and gives and estimation of the effect of BLZl/2 hpRNA expression on the hoxB4-CBM level.
Although only preferred embodiments of the invention are specifically illustrated, numerous modifications and variations in the invention as described in the above examples are expected to occur to those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and Intended scope of the invention.
REFERENCES
Coles et al. (1999) Plant J. 17:547-556.
Davis eta/. (1994): In: Basic Methods tn Molecular Biology. Norwalk. Connecticut:
Appelton and Lenge:350-355.
De Blaere et al. (1987) Meth. Enzymol. 143:277.
Fire et al. (1998) Nature 391:806-811.

Klein et al. (1987) Nature 327:70-73.
Maniatis et al. (1982) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
Mulleretal. (1993) Plant J. 4:343-355.
Onate et al. (1999) J. Blol. Chem. 274:9175-9182.
Patel et al. (2000) Molecular Breeding 6:113-123.
Sanford et al. US Patent No. 4,945,050.
Shewmaker et al. US Patent No. 5,759,829.
Shewry et al. (1985) Biochem. Genet. 23:389-402.
Smith et al (2000) Nature 40: 319-320.
Sdrensen et al. (1996) Mol. Gen, Genet. 250:750-760.
Takaiwa et al (2003) EP patent application EP1 327 685 Al
Vicente-Carbajosa et al. (1992) Plant Mol. Biol. 18:453-458.
Vicente-Carbajosa et al. (2998) Plant. J.13(5): 629-640.
Water-house et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95:13959-13964.
Wesley et al. (2001) Plant J. 27:581-590.
Orvaretal. (1997) Plant J. 11:1297-1305.

We claim:
1. A method of enhancing the expression and accumulation of a heterologous
polypeptide of interest in plant seeds, said method comprising of:
(a) transforming a plant ceil with a ONA sequence for a seed-specific promoter
operably linked to a DNA sequence encoding one or more transcription
regulators (TF), or part(s) thereof, including a chimeric combination of
different TF(s), regulating transcription of one or more endogenous genes
encoding seed storage proteins, wherein the transcribed strand of said
sequence is capable of suppressing, delaying or otherwise reducing the
expression of one or more of said seed storage proteins in said plant celt,
and
(b) selecting a seed-specific promoter that has no cis-acting elements
recognized by the said transcription regulator? in (a), and
(c) transforming the same or another plant cell In (a) with a DNA sequence for
a said seed-specific promoter in (b) operably linked to a DNA sequence
encoding a heterologous polypeptide of interest;
(d) regenerating a plant from said transformed plant host celi(s), and growing
said plant under conditions whereby said ONA sequence(s) encoding one or
more TF(s), or part(s) thereof is transcribed, thereby reducing expression of
said endogenous mRNA, thus reducing expression of said seed storage
proteins, and thus enhancing the expression and accumulation of said
heterologous polypeptide of interest.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the transcribed strand of said sequence encoding
one or more transcription regulators (TF) or part(s) thereof is capable of forming a
'hairpin' RNA capable of suppressing, delaying or otherwise reducing the
expression of one or more of said seed storage proteins in said plant cell.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein said plant host cell is selected from the group
of monocotyledonous plants.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said plant host cell is selected from the group of
monocotyledonous plants containing barley, maize, wheat, oat, and rice.

5. The method of any of claims 1-3 wherein said selected promoter is a Barley D-hordein promoter.
6. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the said DNA sequence(s) of step (a) and the
said DNA sequence of step (b) are operably linked in one DNA sequence.
7. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein said DNA sequence(s) of step (a) and said
DNA sequences of step (b) are Introduced into the same plant cell.
8. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the said DNA sequence(s) of step (a) is
introduced into the genome of a first plant host cell, and wherein the said DNA
sequence of step (b) is introduced into the genome of a second plant host cell.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein a first transgenic plant Is regenerated from said first plant host ceil and a second transgenic plant is generated from said second plant host cell, and wherein a progeny population of transgenic plants is generated from sexual crossing between said first and second transgenic plant.
10. The method of jany of claims 1-9, wherein said one or more seed storage protein is
a hordein of barley.
11. The method of any of claims 1-10, wherein said DNA sequence encoding a
heterologous polypeptide of interest encodes a protein from the group of
prokaryotic or eukaryotic proteins.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein said DNA sequence encoding a heterologous
polypeptide of interest encodes a protein from a thermophilic organism.
13. The method of claim 11 or 12 wherein said sequence encodes a carbohydrate
binding module (CBM).

14. The method of claim 11, wherein said DNA sequence encoding a prokaryotic or
eukaryotic protein is selected from the group consisting of DNA sequences
encoding collagens, collagenase, homeobox polypeptides, monoclonal antibodies,
secreted antibodies, single chain antibodies, mannose-binding lectin, pepsin,
chymotrypsin, trypsin, casein, human growth hormone, human serum albumin,
human insulin, cellulases, pectinases, ttemicellulases, phytases, hydrolases,
peroxidases, fibrinogen, factor IX, factor XIII, thrombin, protein C, xylanase,
Isoamylase, glucoamylase, amylases, lysozyme, beta.-glucanase,
glucocerebrosidase, caseins, lactase, ureas e, glucose isomerase, invertase,
streptavidin, esterases, alkaline phosphatase, protease inhibitors, pepsin,
chymotrypsin, trypsin, papain, kinases, phosphatases, deoxyribonudeases,
ribonucleases, phosphllpases, llpasesr laccase, spider silk proteins, antifreeze
proteins, antimicrobial peptides or defensins, growth factors and cytokinins.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the said DNA sequence encoding eukaryotic
protein Is a human homeobox B4 (HoxB4) gene encoding HoxB4 protein.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the said HoxB4 protein has at least 70% sequence
identity to the amlno acid sequence of SEQ ID NO; 1.
17. The method of any of claims 1-16, wherein said DNA sequence encoding one or more TF is a chimerSc DNA sequence comprised of regions of two or more DNA sequences encoding TF-s, or parts thereof.
18. The method of any of claims 1-17, wherein said DNA sequence encoding a TF or
part thereof comprises a region encoding a TF or part thereof From the group of
bZIP proteins.
19. The method of daim 18, wherein said DNA sequence encoding a bZIP protein
comprises a DNA sequence selected from

a) a DNA sequence encoding barley BLZ1 protein or a part thereof;
b) a DNA sequence encoding barley BLZ2 protein or a part thereof;
c) a combination of a) and b).

20. The method of dalm 19, wherein said DNA sequence is selected from SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, and any part or combination thereof.
Zl. The method of claim 1 wherein said DNA sequence encoding TF is capable of expressing a hairpin RNA (hpRNA) in said plant cell.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein said DNA sequence encoding TF comprises a region or part thereof encoding a TF from the group of bZIP proteins.
23. The method of daim 22 wherein said bZIP protein is selected from BLZ1, BLZ2 and a chimeric combination of BLZ1 and BLZ2.
24. The method of claim 23 wherein said DNA sequence comprises a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 6, or SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8 and any part or combination thereof.
25. A transgenic plant obtainable by the method of any of claims 1-23.
26. The transgenic plant of claim 24, wherein the plant is a Barley plant.
27. A transgenic Barley plant having in its genome:
a) a DNA sequence encoding a seed-specific promoter operably linked to a
. DNA sequence encoding one or more transcription regulators (TF), or
part(s) thereof, Including a chimeric combination of different TF(s), regulating transcription of one or more endogenous genes encoding seed storage proteins,
b) a seed-specific promoter that has no cis-acting elements recognized by the
said transcription regulators operably linked to a DNA sequence encoding a
heterologous protein of interest,

Wherein said plant expresses In its seeds said heterologous protein and expresses substantially less seed storage proteins than a corresponding non-recombinant plant.


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1030-CHENP-2006 AMENDED CLAIMS 18-10-2011.pdf

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1030-CHENP-2006 CORRESPONDENCE OTHERS.pdf

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1030-CHENP-2006 FORM-18.pdf

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1030-CHENP-2006 CORRESPONDENCE OTHERS 18-10-2011.pdf

1030-CHENP-2006 OTHER PATENT DOCUMENT 18-10-2011.pdf

1030-CHENP-2006 OTHER PATENT DOCUMENT 1 18-10-2011.pdf

1030-chenp-2006-abstract.pdf

1030-chenp-2006-claims.pdf

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Patent Number 250928
Indian Patent Application Number 1030/CHENP/2006
PG Journal Number 06/2012
Publication Date 10-Feb-2012
Grant Date 08-Feb-2012
Date of Filing 27-Mar-2006
Name of Patentee ORF LIFTAEKNI HF.
Applicant Address VIKURHVARF 3 203 KOPAVOGUR
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 ORVAR, Bjorn, Larus Hrauntungu 44, IS-200 Kopavogur
PCT International Classification Number C12N 15/82
PCT International Application Number PCT/IS2004/000012
PCT International Filing date 2004-08-27
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 6931 2003-08-27 Ice Land
2 60/497,923 2003-08-27 Ice Land