Title of Invention

A METHOD OF COATING A SUBSTRATE FOR ESTABLISHING A FOULING-RELEASE COATING SYSTEM

Abstract The instant invention discloses a method of coating a substrate for establishing a fouling-release coating system, the method comprising: (A) applying a coating composition to at least a part of the surface of said substrate thereby establishing a tie-coat on said substrate, wherein said coating composition comprises (i) 0- 5 60% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (ii) the balance of a binder phase comprising: 1-90% by wet weight of one or more amino-functional compounds, 1-90% by wet weight of one or more epoxy-functional compounds, and 0-20% by wet weight of one or more adhesion promoting agents; wherein the binder phase comprises at least two types, (a), (b), (c), of polysiloxane compounds selected from the group consisting of: (a) amino-functional polysiloxanes; (b) epoxy-functional polysiloxanes; and (c) adhesion promoting agents selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-functional polysiloxanes, hydroxyalkyl-functional polysiloxanes and C1-4-alkoxy-functional polysiloxanes; and (B) applying a second coating composition onto said tie-coat thereby establishing the fouling release coating on said substrate.
Full Text METHOD OF COATING A SUBSTRATE FOR ESTABLISHING A FOULING-RELEASE
COATING SYSTEM
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to tie-coat compositions for fouling-release paint systems. The
Invention provides a method of coating a substrate with a coating composition comprising at
least two types of functional poLyslloxane compounds selected from epoxy-functional
polyslloxanes, amlno-funcdonal polyslloxanes, and particular adhesion promoting agents of
the polyslloxane type. The present Invention also provides a substrate coated with such a
composition and a composition particularly useful for said method.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
,Aquatic structures. In particular Immersed marine structures that come In contact with water,
especially sea water, have a tendency to become fouled by marine organisms. Fouling
release paint systems are abundantly used for such structures, e.g. ships, buoys, watercraft
structures, etc In order to suppress settlement of such marine organisms. Fouling-release
coating systems for steel structures typically Include three principal layers, namely an epoxy-
based antlcorroslve layer applied to the steel substrate, a fouling-release layer which typically
comprises a poiysiloxane-based matrix, and an Intermediate layer, often referred to as a "tie-
coat", for establishing strong bonding between the otherwise incompatible epoxy-based
anticorrosive layer and the polysfloxane-based fouling release layer.
US 4,978,704 and US 4,996,112 (Rh5ne Poulenc Chemle) disclose organoslloxane
compositions comprising 100 parts by weight of an α,ω-dlhydroxydlorganopolyslloxane
polymer, 0.5-20 parts by weight of a cross-linking agent, 0.1-10 parts by weight of a bonding
agent comprising an aminoorganosHicon compound having at least one amino functional
group and an organoslllcon compound having at least one epoxy functional group, 2-250
parts by weight of inorganic filler material, and 0.0004-3 parts by weight of a metal catalyst.
The compositions are useful for the coating of marine surfaces, e.g. a ship's hull or a net.
EP1 013 727 Al, US 6,391,464 and US 6,110,536 (General Electric Co.) disclose an epoxy-
silicone adhesive paint as a tie-coat for a fouling-release coating. The paint comprises 80-
85% by weight of an epoxy resin paint, and 15-20% by weight of a silicone adhesive
promoter. The silicone adhesive promoter comprises a volatile hydrocarbon solvent, a

partially condensed organosillcate, a solubilized metallic catalyst, and an amlnoalkyltrialkoxy-
sllane.
GB 2 300 370 A1 (General Electric Co.) discloses an article having a foullng-release layer on
top of an adhesion promoting layer. The adhesion promoting layer comprises an antlcorroslve
material (typically an epoxy-functlonallzed base material (e.g. an epoxy resin) combined with
a curing catalyst) and a bonding agent. The bonding agent may be (I) a moisture curable
grafted copolymer comprising a polydlalkylsiloxane and at least one ethylenlcally unsaturated
monomer, (II) an aminofunctionalized polysiloxane fluid, or (iii) an α,ω-dlamlnofunctlonallzed
polysiloxane fluid.
WO 99/33927 (International Coatings Ltd.) discloses a process for inhibiting fouling. The
process includes the formation of a coating comprising a film-forming polymer carrying
unreacted curable silicon-containing functional groups providing latent reactivity, and
subsequently applying a layer comprising a curable polymeric foullng-inhlbiting material and
bonding the applied layer to the said coating by a condensation curing reaction involving the
unreacted functional groups thereon,
JP 03-258876-A discloses a tie-coat composition comprising the reaction product of an epoxy
resin and a dlmethylpolyslloxane, and a hardener. The hardener should have an active
hydrogen and Is selected from polyamines, polyamldes, amlnosllane coupling agents, phenol
resins, alkyd resins, melamine resins and polyurethane resins. The ratio between the epoxy
equivalent number of the reaction product and the active hydrogen equivalent number of the
hardener should be in the range of 100:50 to 100:200.
EP 0 521983 discloses a primer composition comprising (A) (i) a primary amlne-functlonal
silane, or (ii) the reaction product of a primary amine-functlonal silane and an epoxy-
functional silane, or (iii) the reaction product of a primary amine-functlonal silane and an
α,ω-dlhydroxypolydimethylslloxane oil, (B) a chlorinated polyolefin, and (C) a room-
temperature-curable polydlorganoslloxane.
In view of the above, there is still a need for improved or at least alternative tie-coat
compositions for foullng-release coating systems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect, the present invention relates to a method of coating a substrate, of. claim 1.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to a coating composition, of claims 22 and 23.


A further aspect of the present Invention relates to an article comprising a substrate, an
epoxy-based coating on at least a part of the surface of said substrate, a tie-coat on said
epoxy-based coating, and a fouling release coating on said tie-coat, cf. claim 25.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present Invention provides an improved method and an advantageous tie-coat
composition particularly useful in connection with foullng-release coating systems.
With reference to the following, It should be understood that the present Invention provides a
method Involving a tie-coat composition wherein at least two types of functional
polyslloxanes are Included. The binder phase of the tie-coat composition may include a
substantial portion of polyslloxane type compounds, or the binder phase of the composition
may include polyslloxane type compounds in combination with amino- and/or epoxy-
compounds of non-silicon origin, In particular typical constituents of epoxy paint
compositions. Thus, one may in a simplified fashion consider the binder phase as having - as
the principal non-solvent constituents - a polyslloxane fraction (polyslloxanes and silanes)
and possibly also a fraction of one or more constituents of an epoxy paint composition. In
some embodiment, the fraction of one or more constituents of an epoxy paint composition
may - when measured by %-by wet weight - be fairly large, but in all instances, the binder
phase of the tie-coat composition must include at least two types of functional polyslloxanes.
This will be explained in details in the following.
The simultaneous presence of amlno-functlonal compounds and epoxy-functional compounds
ensures that curing of the composition can take place, namely reaction between amino
groups and epoxy groups. As will be understood from the present description with reference
to the examples section, the adhesion promoting agent will in most cases further facilitate
adhesion between the substrate (or a substrate coated with a primer. In particular an epoxy
primer) and tie-coat as well as between the tie-coat and a subsequently applied fouling
release coating.
Method of Coating a Substrate
In one aspect, the present Invention provides a method of coating a substrate, the method
comprising:
(A) applying a coating composition to at least a part of the surface of said substrate thereby
establishing a tie-coat on said substrate, wherein said coating composition comprises (i) 0-

60%, such as 0-50%, preferably 5-45%, such as 5-40% or 5-35%, by wet weight of
pigments and fillers; and (II) the balance of a binder phase (I.e. the coating composition
devoid of any pigments and fillers) comprising:
1-90% by wet weight of amlno-functlonal compounds,
1-90% by wet weight of one or more epoxy-functional compounds, and
0-20% by wet weight of one or more adhesion promoting agents;
wherein the binder phase comprises at least two types, (a), (b), (c), of polysiloxane
compounds selected from the group consisting of:
(a) amlno-functlonal polyslloxanes;
(b) epoxy-functional polyslloxanes; and
(c) adhesion promoting agents selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-funcrjonal
polyslloxanes, hydroxyalkyl-funcaonal polyslloxanes and C2-4-ralkoxy-functional polyslloxanes;
and
(B) applying a second coating composition onto said tie-coat thereby establishing a fouling
release coating on said substrate.
Binder Phase
The term "binder phase" of the coating composition means the sum of the constituents of the
coating composition not being pigments and/or fillers. Typically, the binder phase of the
composition constitutes 40-100%, such as 50-100%, e.g. 55-95%, such as 60-95% or 65-
95%, by wet weight of the composition. On the other hand, the coating composition typically
comprises 0-60%, such as 0-50%, preferably 5-45%, such as 5-40% or 5-35%, by wet
weight of pigments and fillers.
The term "% by wet weight of the composition" means the percentage of the respective
constituent based on the composition including any solvents.
As mentioned above, the binder phase of the coating composition comprises one or more
amlno-functlonal compounds, one or more epoxy-functional compounds and, optionally, one
or more adhesion promoting agents.
In many embodiments, the epoxy-functional compound(s) typically lnciude(s) epoxy-
functional silicon compounds (most often epoxy-functional polyslloxanes and/or epoxy-
functional silanes), and the amino-functional compound(s) typically indude(s) amino-

functional silicon compounds (most often amino-functional polysiloxanes and/or amino-
functional sllanes). Furthermore, the adhesion promoting agent may be selected from the
group consisting of hydroxy-functlonal polysiloxanes, hydroxyalkyl-functlonal polysiloxanes
and C1-4-alkoxy-functional polysiloxanes.
This being said, it appears to be crucial that at least two different types of potysiloxane
compounds are present in the binder phase, name at least two types, (a), (b), (c), of
potysiloxane compounds selected from from the group consisting of: (a) amino-functional
polysiloxanes; (b) epoxy-functional polysiloxanes; and (c) adhesion promoting agents
selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-functlonal polysiloxanes, hydroxyalkyl-
functional polysiloxanes and C1-4-alkoxy-funcdonal polysiloxanes.
In the present description with claims, the term "polysfloxane" is Intended to mean a
polydlorganosltaxane, i.e. a polymeric constituent comprising a plurality of dlorganosiloxane
units.
In one Interesting embodiment, the coating composition is a polysiloxane-based coating
composition. The term "polysiloxane-based coating composition" is intended to mean a
coating composition wherein the binder phase, to the extent of at least 40% by wet weight,
is made up of polysiloxane-based constituents. Such polysiloxane-based constituents include
any epoxy-functional silicon compounds, amino-functional silicon compounds, and adhesion
promoting agent. insofar the latter is of the potysiloxane type. The reference to "epoxy-
functtonal polyslloxane", "amino-functional potysiloxane", "hydroxy-functlonal polyslloxane',
"hydroxyalkyl-functlonal polysiloxanes*, "C1-4-altoxy-functlonal potysiloxane", etc., similarly
means that the respective constituent comprises dlorganosiloxane units or
poiydlorganosiloxane fragments.
In one Interesting variant hereof, the epoxy-functional compound(s) essentially consists of
one or more epoxy-functional silicon compounds, and the amino-functional compound(s)
essentially consists of one or more amino-functional silicon compounds.
In another Interesting embodiment, the binder phase of the coating composition comprises
one or more constituents of an epoxy paint composition In addition to the mandatory
polyslloxane compounds (see further below).
Without being bound to any particular theory, It is believed that the selection of the ratio
between the hydrogen equivalents of the amlno-functional compound and the epoxy
equivalents of the epoxy-functional compound can play a certain role for the performance of
the coating composition. Thus, in one embodiment of the method of the invention, the ratio
is in the range of 20:100 to 200:100.

The number of 'hydrogen equivalents' in relation to the ammo-functional compound is
defined as grams of the amino-functionat compound divided by the hydrogen equivalent
weight of the amino-functional compound, where the hydrogen equivalent weight of the
amino-functlonal compound is determined as: grams of the amino-functional compound
equivalent to 1 mol of active hydrogens.
The number of "epoxy equivalents" in relation to the epoxy-functional compound is defined
as grams of the epoxy-functional compound divided by the epoxy equivalent weight of the
epoxy-functional compound, where the epoxy equivalent weight of the epoxy-functional
compound is determined as: grams of the epoxy-functional compound equivalent to 1 mol of
epoxy groups.
As mentioned above, the binder phase of the coating composition comprises 1-90% by wet
weight of epoxy-functtonal compound(s), in particular 1-90% by wet weight of epoxy-
funtional silicon compound(s).
The term "% by wet welg ht" in connection with the binder phase means the percentage of
the respective constituent based on the binder phase including any solvents.
The term 'epoxy-functional compound(s)" is Intended to encompass epoxy-functtonal silicon
compound(s) (see below) as well as epoxy-functional compounds of non-silicon origin as
those conventionally utilized in epoxy paint compositions (see further below).
The term "ambio-functional compound(s)" is intended to encompass amlno-functlonal silicon
. compound(s) (see below) as well as amino-functional compounds of non-silicon origin as
those conventionally utilized in epoxy paint compositions (see further below).
In a first main embodiment, epoxy-functional compound(s) essentially consists of one or
more epoxy-functional silicon compounds, and the amlno-functlonal compound(s) essentially
consists of one or more amfno-functional silicon compounds.
The term "epoxy-functional silicon compound" is to be understood In the conventional sense,
and means a silicon compound, e.g. a silane or polysiloxane compound, having pendant
and/or terminal epoxy groups. Illustrative examples of epoxy-functional silicon compounds
are epoxy-functional polyslloxanes and epoxysllanes.
In one embodiment, the epoxy-functional silicon compound(s) is/are epoxy-functional
poiysiloxane(s). The term "epoxy-functional polysiloxane' is to be understood in the
conventional sense, and means a linear or branched polymeric constituent having one or

more polyslloxane blocks and having pendant and/or terminal epoxy-functionallttes. The
epoxy functionalities may, e.g., be introduced to the polyslloxane by means of an epoxysllane
or by means of an epoxy resin, see e.g. EP 1 086 974 A. In one example hereof, the epoxy-
functional polyslloxane Is prepared by the reaction between an epoxy resin and a reactive
polyslloxane, optionally by the concurrent action of further constituents such as constituents
having hydroxyl and/or alkoxy groups, etc. In another example, the epoxy-functlonal
polyslloxane may be prepared by subjecting an epoxysllane and an alkoxysilane mixture to
partial hydrolysis and condensation. It should be understood that the epoxy-functlonal
polyslloxane may be prepared in situ if desirable. It should also be understood that the
epoxy-functional polyslloxane may advantageously comprise alkoxy- and/or hydroxyl-
functionalities.
Although not generally required, it Is believed that it may be advantageous to utilize at least
one epoxy-functional polyslloxane wherein the polyslloxane backbone or side chains to the
polyslloxane backbone Indude -OH groups or alkoxy groups. Without being bound to any
particular theory, it Is believed that such hydroxy groups or alkoxy groups may participate in
the curing of the tie-coat composition upon exposure to humid environments.
Illustrative examples of commercially available epoxy-functlonal poh/slloxanes are SILKOFTAL
ED (epoxy, methoxy polydlmethyipolyslloxane) ex Tego; SLM 43226 ex Wacker; ES-1002T
and ES-1001T (silicone modified epoxy resin) ex Shin Etsu; etc.
The epoxy-functional polyslloxane(s) typically constitute^) 25-90%, such as 30-90%, e.g.
40-90% by wet weight of the binder phase.
In another embodiment, the epoxy-functional silicon compound(s) Is/are epoxysilanefs). In
this embodiment, an amino-functlonal polyslloxane must be present Epoxysilanes are
frequently defined as sllanes of the formula:
A-SI(R),(OR)(>1)
where A is an epoxkJe-substltuted monovalent hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 12 carbon
atoms; and each R Independently Is selected from Q-e-alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, hexyl, octyl,
etc), Cj.4-alkyI-0-CM-alkyl; aryl (e.g. phenyl) and aryl-Ci^-alkyl (e.g. benzyl); and a Is 0
orl.
The group A In the epoxysllane Is preferably a glyddoxy-substituted alkyl group, for example
3-glyddoxypropyl. The epoxysllane can for example be 3-glycktoxypropyltrimethoxysiiane, 3-
glycidoxypropylbiethoxysilane, 3-glyddoxvpropyldiethoxvmetnoxysllane, 2-glycldoxypropyt-

trimethoxysllane, 3-{3f4-epoxycydohexyl)propyltrlmethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxy-4~methyl-
cydohexyl)-ethyftrimethoxysllane, 5,6-epoxy-hexyltrfemoxysilane.
Commercially available epoxysllanes are 5,6-epoxy-hexyl triethoxysllane (ABCR GmbH & Co.
KG, Germany); 3-glycldoxypropyl methyldiethoxysilane (ABCR GmbH & Co. KG, Germany),
Y-glycktoxypropyvltrimethoxysllane (Dynasylan, Glymo, Sivento Chemle GmbH, Germany).
In this embodiment, the binder phase comprises 1-60% by wet weight of the epoxysllane(s).
In a SOU further embodiment, the epoxy-functlorial silicon compound Is the combination of
epoxy-funcUonal polysiloxane(s) and epoxysilane(s), I.e. the binder phase comprises one or
more epoxy-funcUonai polyslloxanes as well as one or more epoxysllanes. This combination
can be accomplished by adding an epoxy-funcUonal polysiioxane (as described above) and an
epoxysllane (as defined above), or by using a reaction product between an epoxysilane and a
polysiioxane in which a portion of the epoxysllane remains unreacted.
In this embodiment, the binder phase typically comprises 2-90%, such as 5-85%, by wet
weight of the epoxy-functfonal poh/siloxane(s)/epoxysllane(s) (I.e. the combination of the
epoxy-funcUonal polysiioxane and die epoxysllane).
As mentioned above, the binder phase also comprises 1-90% by wet weight of amino-
functional compound(s), In particular 1-90%, by wet weight of amino-functional silicon
compound(s).
The term 'amino-functional silicon compound" Is to be understood in the conventional sense,
and means a silicon compound, e.g. a silane or polysiioxane compound, having pendant
and/or terminal amino groups. Illustrative examples of amino-functional silicon compounds
are amino-functional poJysiioxanes and aminosilanes.
In one embodiment of the Invention, the amino-functional silicon compound(s) is/are amino-
functional polysiloxane(s). The term "amino-functional polysiioxane" means a linear or
branched polymeric constituent having one or more polysiioxane blocks and having pendant
and/or terminal amIno-functionaHtles.
The amino functionalities may, e.g., be introduced to the reactive polysiioxane by means of
an aminosllane (I.e. an amlnosilane such as those defined below), see e.g. US 4,857,608. It
should also be understood that the amino-functional polysiioxane may be prepared In situ. In
some examples, a hydroxyl-functional or alkoxy-functtonal polysiioxane is reacted with an
amlnosilane whereby amlno-functionalltles are introduced. For example an aminosllane can

be reacted with an a,co-dihydroxypor/dirnethylslloxane at a temperature In the range of 20-
80°C, preferably using 0.4-1.2 alkoxy groups of the aminosflane per sllanol. group of the
polyslloxane. If an excess of aminosllane is used, or if the reaction Is not allowed to proceed
to completion, a small amount of aminosllane may remain In the product. In one
embodiment, at least one amino-functfonai polyslloxane Is the reaction product of a
polyslloxane and an aminosllane.
Examples of amhio-funcHonal polysiloxanes are a,(u-dlamino-functionaJ polyslloxanes (e.g.
polysiloxane fluids). Illustrative examples of commercially available amlno-functfonal
polyslloxanes are SILRES HP 2000 (amlno-funcUonalised methyl-phenyl silicone) ex Wacker;
SF1708 (Amino functtonallsed polyslloxane fluid) ex General Electric Co.; etc.
Although not generally required, It Is believed that It may be advantageous to utilize at least
one amino-functional polysiloxane wherein the polyslloxane backbone or side chains to the
polyslloxane backbone include -OH groups or alkoxy groups. Without being bound to any
particular theory, It Is believed that such hydroxy groups or alkoxy groups may participate In
the curing of the tie-coat composition upon exposure to humid environments.
In this embodiment, the binder phase typically comprises 1-60%, such as 15-60%, e.g. 15-
50% or 20-40%, by wet weight of the amino-functional polysiloxane(s).
Preferably, the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amino-functional
polyslloxane(s) and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functional silicon compound(s) is in
the range of 40:100 to 200:100.
In another embodiment, the amino-functional silicon compound(s) is/are aminos)lane(s). In
this embodiment, an epoxy-functional polyslloxane must be present Amihosilanes are
frequently defined as sllanes of the formula:
(ROW^K^NHR2
wherein each R independently is selected from Ci^-alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, hexyl, octyl,
etc), C^-alkyl-O-QM-alkyl; aryi (e.g. phenyl) and aryl-Ci-4-alkyl (e.g. benzyl); R1 Is selected
from -(CHz)**-, methyl-substituted trimethylene, and -(CHaJa-s-O-tCHafc-a; Rz Is selected from
hydrogen and -(CH2)M-NH2.
Illustrative examples of aminosilanes are (CH30)3SI(CH2)3NH(CH2)jNH2;
(CH3CH20CH2CH20)3SI(CH2)jNH2; (t^HsO^CHJaNHz; (CHsOCHjCHiO^KCHjfcNHa;
(C2H50)3SI(CH2)30(CHJ3NH2; (CjHsOfcCjHsSKCHzfeNHz; (CzH^aSICHjOtCHJzNHj;

(QHsCOaSKCH^CKCHjkNHi; and (CzH^zCHaSKCHOsNHz. Illustrative examples of
commercially available aminosllanes are Dynasllan AMEO (3-amtnopropyttriethoxysllane) ex
Degussa HQIs; KBM603 (N-p-amlnoethyl-Y-amiiu>propyItrlrTiethoxysllane) ex Shin Etsu; etc.
in this embodiment, the binder phase comprises 1-60%, such as 1-30%, e.g. 1-20%, such
as 1-10%, by wet weight of the amlnosilane(s).
Preferably, the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the am!nosilane(s) and the epoxy
equivalents of the epoxy-functional silicon compound(s) is In the range of 20:100 to
100:100, such as 20:100 to 75:100, e.g. 20:100 to 49:100.
In a still further embodiment, the amino-functJonal silicon compound(s) Is/are the
combination of amlno-funcUonal polysiioxane(s) and amlnosiiane(s), I.e. the binder phase
comprises one or more arnlno-functional polysiloxanes as well as one or more amlnosllane(s).
This combination can be accomplished by adding an amino-functional polysfloxane (as
described above) and an aminosllane (as defined above}, or by using a reaction product
between an aminosllane and a polysiloxane In which a portion of the aminosllane remains
unreacted.
In this embodiment, the binder phase typically comprises 1-60%, such as 2-60%, e.g. 5-
55%, by wet weight of the amino-funcrJonal polyslloxane(s)/amlnosllane(s) (i.e. the
combination of the amlno-funcUonal poryslloxane(s) and the aminosllane(s)). More
particularfy, when the amlno-funcUonal silicon compounds has a fraction Z of amino-
functional polyslloxane(s) and a fraction (1-Z) of aminosllane(s), the binder phase typically
comprises in the range of from [Z x 15 + (l-Z) x 1]% to [Z x 60 + (1-Z) x 30]%, such as In
the range of from [Z x 20 + (1-Z) x 1]% to [Z x 40 + (1-Z) x 20]%, by wet weight of the
combination of the amino-funcdonal polysiloxane(s) and the amlnosllane(s).
Preferably, the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amlno-functfonal
poh/siloxane/amlnosilane and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functional silicon compound
1$ In the range of 20:100 to 200:100.
It Is furthermore preferred that the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the
amlnosllane(s) and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functional polyslloxane(s} is in the
range of 20:100 to 75:100.
Without being bound to any particular theory, it is believed that the embodiments where an
epoxy-functional polysiloxane and/or an amino-fijnctlonal polysiloxane of the binder phase

comprise hydroxy- oralkoxy-functlonal groups (see above), e.g. hydroxyalkyl and hydroxy-Si
groups, are particularly advantageous.
The composition must comprise at least one of an epoxy-functional polysiloxane and an
amino-functional polysiloxane. In particular embodiments, the composition comprises an
epoxy-functlonal polysiloxane as well as an amino-functlonal polysiloxane.
Within the first main embodiment, binder phase typically comprises 26-90%, such as 45-
90%, wet weight of potysBoxane-based constituents.
In a second main embodiment, the at least two types of polysiloxane compounds ((a) amino-
functlonal polyslloxanes; (b) epoxy-functional polyslloxanes; (c) adhesion promoting agents
selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-functional polyslloxanes, hydroxyalkyl-
functlonal polyslloxanes and Cn-alkoxy-functtonal polyslloxanes) are used In admixture with
one or more epoxy-functlonal compounds of non-silicon origin and/or amino-functlonal
compounds of non-silicon origin, e.g. constituents of an epoxy paint composition. Thus, in
one variant hereof, the epoxy-functional compound(s) comprlse(s) one or more epoxy-
functlonal compounds of non-silicon origin, and the amino-functlonal compound(s)
comprlses(s) one or more amino-functlonal compounds of non-silicon origin.
Within this embodiment, the polysiloxane type and silane type constituents (i.e. constituents
contributing to the polysiloxane character of the coating composition) typically constitute 2-
90%, or 2-50%, such as 2-30%, e.g. 2-15%, by wet weight of the binder phase and the
constituents of an epoxy paint composition (i.e. one or more epoxy-functional compounds of
non-silicon origin and/or amino-functlonal compounds of non-silicon origin) typically
constitute 10-80%, or 30-80%, such as 10-55%, e.g. 30-55%, by wet weight of the binder
phase.
The term "epoxy-functional compounds of non-silicon origin" is Intended to encompass typical
"epoxy resin" constituents of epoxy paint compositions. As examples of commercially
available "epoxy-functional compounds of non-silicon origin" can be mentioned: Bisphenol
A/bisphenol F epoxides: Eplkote 235 ex. Resolution Performance Products Holland; bisphenol
A epoxides: Eplkote 828 EL or Epikote 1004 or Eplkote 1009 or Eplkote 872-X-75 ex.
Resolution Performance Products Holland, Araldite GZ 7071X75CH ex. Huntsman Advanced
Materials Switzerland, DER 684-EK 40 ex. Dow Chemicals USA; epoxy novolac resins: DEN
438-X 80 ex. Dow Chemical Company USA, aliphatic epoxy resins: Eponex 1510 ex.
Resolution Performance Products Holland; epoxy functional acrylic polymers: Synocure 899
BA 60 ex. Cray Valley UK; epoxy esters: Duroxyn EF 900 ex. Solutia Germany GmbH
Germany, reactive epoxy diluents: Cardura E 10 P ex. Resolution Performance Products
Holland, Heloxy Modifier 8 ex. Resolution Performance Products USA, Araldite DY-L/BD ex.

Huntsman Advanced Materials Germany, Porypox R18 ex. Ulf PrOmmer Polymer Chemie
Germany, Epodil 757 ex. Air products Pic USA.
The term mamlno-functtonal compounds of non-slllcon origin" Is Intended to encompass
typical "aminoVcurlng agent7"hardener* constituents of epoxy paint compositions. As
examples of commercially available "amino-funcUonal compounds of non-silicon origin" can
be mentioned: Polyamines (arylyl): Epoxy Hardener MXDA ex. Mitsubishi Gas Chemical
Company Inc USA; polyamines (aliphatic): DEAPA or DETA ex. BASF Germany; polyamines
(cydoaliphaUc): Aradur 42 BD ex. Huntsman Advanced Materials Switzerland; formulated
amines : Sunmlde J-230N ex. Sanwa Chemical Company Inc USA, Ancamlde X2280 ex. Air
Products Pic USA, HY1207 BD ex. Huntsman Advanced Materials Switzerland; polyamine
adducts: Aradur 2964 CH or Aradur 2969 CH or Aradur 863 XW 80 CH or Aradur 837 CH or
Aradur 943 CH ex. Huntsman Advanced Materials Switzerland, Ancamine 2074 or Ancamlne
1734 or Ancamlne 1735 or Ancamine 2134 ex. Air Products Pic USA; Polyamlnoamldes:
Sunmlde 300-60 LH or Sunmlde 305-70X ex. Sanwa Chemical Singapore, Unl-rez 2125-X70
ex. Arizona Chemical USA, Ancamlde 350A or Ancamlde 2353 ex. Air Products Pic USA;
Polyamide adducts: Aradur 460 J90 BD ex. Huntsman Advanced Materials Switzerland;
Mannlch bases: Ancamlne MCA or Ancamine 1856 or Ancamine K54 ex. Air Products Pic USA,
Polypox VH 40311/55 or Poh/pox VH 40294 ex. Ulf PrOmmer Polymer Chemie Germany,
Aradur 16 BD or Aradur 3441 X90 ex. Huntsman Advanced Materials Switzerland.
Examples of commercial epoxy paint compositions, I.e. commercially relevant examples of
combinations of epoxy-funcdonal compounds of non-silicon origin and amino-funcUonal
compounds of non-silicon origin, to be used within the context of the present Invention are
commercially available primers to be used under the waterllne for antJfouling and fouling
release products, e.g. Hempadur 15570, from Hempel A/S; Intershleld 300 ex. International
Coatings lid UK; Prlmastlc Universal ex. Jotun A/S Norway; and Umeguard SX ex. CMP
Coatings Inc USA.
Within the second main embodiment, the epoxy-funcUonal silicon compound(s) and the
amlno-functional silicon compound(s) are typically as defined for the first main embodiment
In one embodiment, the epoxy functional compound(s) consists) of one or more epoxy-
functfonal compounds of non-slllcon origin and one or more epoxy-funcUonal silicon
compounds as defined above.
The epoxy-funcdonal silicon compound(s) may be epoxy-funcUonal polyslloxane(s). In this
event, the binder phase typically comprises 1-60%, such as 1-30%, e.g. 1-20%, by wet
weight of epoxy-funcdonal polyslloxane(s).

Alternatively, the epoxy-functtonal silicon compound(s) may be the combination of epoxy-
functional polysik>xane(s) and epoxysllane(s). in this event, the binder phase typically
comprises 1-60%, such as 1-30%, e.g. 1-20%, by wet weight of the epoxy-functional
polysiloxane(s)/epoxvsilane(s).
Within this second main embodiment, the amino functional compound(s) may consist of one
or more amino-functlonal compounds of non-silicon origin and one or more amlno-functJonal
silicon compounds.
The amlno-funcoonal silicon compound(s) may be amino-functlonal polyslloxane(s). in one
variant, at least one amino-functlonal polysiloxane is the reaction product of a polysiloxane
and an aminosHane. In both cases, the binder phase typically comprises 1-60%, such as 1-
30%, or 1-20%, by wet weight of the amino-functlonal polystloxane(s).
Alternatively, the amino-functlonal silicon compound(s) may be the combination of amino-
functlonal polysiloxane(s) and aminosllane(s). In this event, the binder phase may comprise
1-60%, such as 1-30%, e.g. 1-20%, by wet weight of the amino-functlonal
polyslloxane(s)/amlnosilane(s).
Also within the second main embodiment, the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the
amino-functlonal compound(s) and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functional
compound(s) is typically in the range of 20:100 to 200:100.
In a third main embodiment, the at least two types of polysiloxane compounds ((a} amino-
functlonal polysfloxanes; (b) epoxy-functional polysiloxanes; (c) adhesion promoting agents
selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-functJonal polysiloxanes, hydroxyalkyl-
funcrJonal polysiloxanes and C^-allcoxy-functional polysiloxanes) are used In admixture with
epoxy-functional compound(s) of non-slllcon origin, e.g. the epoxy resin constituents of an
epoxy paint composition.
within this embodiment, the polysiloxane type and silane type constituents (i.e. constituents
contributing to the polysiloxane character of the coating composition) typically constitute 2-
90%, or 2-40%, such as 2-30%, or 2-15%, by wet weight of the binder phase and epoxy-
functional compound(s) of non-silicon origin typically constitute 10-70%, or 20-70%, such as
10-45%, e.g. 20-45%, by wet weight of the binder phase.
within the second main embodiment, the epoxy-functional silicon compound(s), the amino-
functlonal silicon compound(s), and the epoxy-functional compound of non-silicon origin are
typically as defined for the second main embodiment.

Also within the second main embodiment, the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the
amlno-functlonal compound(s) and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functional
compound(s) Is typically in the range of 20:100 to 200:100.
The polysiloxane coating applied according to the invention is typically used as a tie-coat, and
it Is therefore often desirable to Include an adhesion promoting agent in the binder phase so
as to improve the subsequent adhesion of a top-coat, e.g. fouling release coating (see
below). Thus, in one preferred embodiment, the binder phase of the coating composition
further comprises an adhesion promoting agent.
Without being bound to any particular theory, the term "adhesion promoting agent* is
Intended to mean that the agent in question has a beneficial impact on adhesion between the
tie-coat and a subsequent layer applied onto the tie-coat
In one embodiment, the adhesion promoting agent is a polydlorganoslloxane of viscosity 60-
10,000 mPas, such as 60-5,000 mPas, e.g. 60-1000 mPas, at 25°C. It preferably contains
silicon-bonded hydroxyl groups, for example an a,(o-dlhydroxypolydiorganos!k>xane, or
silicon-bonded hydrolysable groups, for example a polydlorganoslloxane tipped with silicon-
bonded hydrolysable groups such as Ci^-alkoxy groups (e.g. methoxy groups). More
preferably. It Is formed of recurring diorganoslloxy units of the formula -SI(R)2Q-, wherein R
Is selected from Q^-alkyl (such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-
hexyl, 2-ethyl hexyl and n-octyi), Gte-cydoalkyl (such as cyclopentyl, cydohexyl and
methyicydohexyl), C2.,-alkenyl (such as vinyl, allyl or buten-2-yl), aryi (such as phenyl) and
aryi-Ci-»-alkyl (such as tolyl and xyiyl).
More specific examples of suitable a,a>-dihydroxypolydiorganosiloxanes are those of the
formula HO-[Si(R)20]n-H wherein each R independently Is selected from methyl and phenyl,
and where n is an Integer in the range of 4-1000, such as 10-250.
More specific examples of suitable a,w-dlmethoxypolydlorganosiloxanes are those of the
formula MeO-[SI(R)20]„-Me wherein each R Independently Is selected from methyl and
phenyl, and where n is an integer in the range of 4-100, such as 10-50.
Alternatively, the adhesion promoting agent is an hydroxyaikyl-functional polysiloxane.
Examples of the adhesion promoting agent are particularly those selected from the group
consisting of hydroxy-functional poiysiloxanes, hydroxyalkyi-functlonal polysiloxanes and
C^-alkoxy-functlonal polysiloxanes, in particular hydroxy-functional polysiloxanes and CM-
alkoxy-functional polysiloxanes, e.g. those illustrated Immediately above.


Illustrative examples of commercially available polyslloxane adhesion promoting agents are
Rhodorsll oil 48V100 (hydroxyl-functional polydimethylsiloxane) ex Rhodia; KF-6001
alkoxypolydlmethylslbxane ex Shin Etsu; Dow Corning 2-1273; etc.
Preferably, the binder phase comprises 0-20%, or 0.1-20%, such as 0.1-15%, e.g. 0.5-10%,
by wet weight of the adhesion promoting agent(s).
In some advantageous embodiments, the (weight) average molecular weight of the adhesion
promoting agent is less than 50,000|fcritor/, or iess than 25,000/pettof, e.g. 500-50,000^
^altoj, or 1000-10,000j^ettef.
The coating composition used in the method of the invention may comprise other
constituents such as pigments and fillers, as well as solvents and additives as described
below under the subheading "Coating Composition".
The term "substrate" is intended to mean a solid material onto which the coating composition
Is applied. The substrate typically comprises a metal such as steel, Iron, aluminium, or a
glass-fibre. In the most interesting embodiments, the substrate Is a metal substrate, in
particular a steel substrate. In an alternative embodiment, the substrate Is a glass-fibre
substrate.
The term "surface" is used In its normal sense, and refers to the exterior boundary of an
object. Particular examples of such surfaces are the surface of vessels (including but not
limited to boats, yachts, motorboats, motor launches, ocean liners, tugboats, tankers,
container ships and other cargo ships, submarines, and naval vessels of all types), pipes,
shore and off-shore machinery, constructions and objects of all types such as piers, pilings,
bridge substructures, water-power Installations and structures, underwater oil well
structures, nets and other aquatic culture Installations, and buoys, etc.
The surface of the substrate may either be the "native" surface (e.g. the steel surface), or
the substrate may be coated, e.g. with an antlcorrosive coating, so that the surface of the
substrate is constituted by such a coating. When present, the (antlcorrosive) coating Is
typically applied In a total dry film thickness of 100-600 urn, such as 150-450 urn, e.g. 200-
400 um. Alternatively, the substrate may carry a paint coat, e.g. a worn-out antifouling paint
coat, or similar.
In one Important embodiment, the substrate is a metal substrate (e.g. a steel substrate)
coated with an antlcorrosive coating such as an anb'corrosive epoxy-based coating, e.g. cured

epoxy-based coating, or a shop-primer, e.g. a zinc-rich shop-primer. In another relevant
embodiment, the substrate is a glass-fiber substrate coated with an epoxy primer coating.
The term "applying" is used in its normal meaning within the paint Industry. Thus, "applying"
is conducted by means of any conventional means, e.g. by brush, by roller, by spraying, by
dipping, etc The commercially most Interesting way of "applying" the coating composition is
by spraying. Spraying is effected by means of conventional spraying equipment known to the
person skilled in the art The coating is typically applied In a dry film thickness of 20-900 urn,
such as 20-750 um, e.g. 50-600 um.
The term "at least a part of the surface of said substrate" refers to the fact that the coating
composition may be applied to any fraction of the surface. For many applications, the coating
composition Is at least applied to the part of the substrate (e.g. a vessel) where the surface
(e.g. the ship's hull), possibly after application of a fouling release layer, may come In
contact with water, e.g. sea-water.
In a particular embodiment of the Invention, a second coating composition is subsequently
applied onto said tie-coat, whereby a polysiioxane-based coating, in particular a poiysiloxane-
based fouling release coating, is established on said substrate.
The second polysiioxane-based coating (the top-coat) may be a reaction-curable top-coat or
a moisture-curable top-coat as will be evident for the person skilled In the art. Examples
hereof are a two-component reaction-curing top-coat based on a hydroxyl-reacUve
polydiorganosiloxane, or a one-component moisture-curable top-coat based on a
polydiorganoslloxane with alkoxy reactivity.
Preferably, the second polysiioxane-based coating is a fouling release coating. The fouling
release coating can be established by any conventional fouling release coating composition.
In one embodiment, the second polysiioxane-based coating composition comprises a
polydimethylslloxane.
The second polysiioxane-based coating is typically applied in a dry Aim thickness of 20-
500 um, such as 20-400 um, e.g. 50-300 um. The second potyslloxane-based coating
composition is typically applied as described above under the definition of the term
•applying".
It Is envisaged that a possible alternative embodiment of the invention is that where the
fouling release coating Is established using a composition comprising a fluortnated resin
either alone or in combination with polysiloxanes, e.g. 50-95% of a fluoro-polymer and 5-

50% of a polyslloxane. Such ffuorlnated resins are, e.g., disclosed In WO 01/094446 or WO
02/074870. When used alone, the fluorinated resin typically Includes functional groups that
capable of reacting with functional groups, e.g. hydroxy groups, of the tie-coat layer.
Particular embodiments of the method of the Invention
In view of the above, the present Invention in one variant in particular provides the method
defined above, wherein the binder phase comprises amino-functional polyslloxane(s) and
epoxy-funcHonal porystloxane(s).
In particular, the binder phase of the coating composition comprises amino-functional
polysiloxane(s), epoxy-funcdonal polysiloxane(s)f and adhesion promoting agent(s).
In one embodiment hereof, the invention provides a method as defined above of coating a
metal substrate coated with an anticorrosive epoxy-based coating, the method comprising:
(A) applying a coating composition to at least a part of said antfcorroslve coating thereby
establishing a tie-coat on said substrate, wherein said coating composition comprises (I) 5-
45%, such as 5-40% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (li) the balance of a binder
phase comprising:
15-60%, such as 15-50%, by wet weight of amino-functional polyslldxane(s),
25-90%, such as 30-90%, e.g. 40-90% by wet weight of epoxy-functtonal polyslloxane(s),
and
0-20% or 0.1-20%, such as 0.1-15%, such as 0.5-10%, by wet weight of adhesion
promoting agent(s),
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amlno-funcUonal polyslloxane(s)
and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functlonal polyslloxane(s) is in the range of 40:100
to 200:100; and
(B) applying a second polyslloxane-based coating composition onto said tie-coat thereby
establishing a fouling release coating on said substrate.
In another embodiment hereof, the invention provides a method as defined above of coating
a metal substrate coated with an anticorrosive epoxy-based coating, the method comprising:
(A) applying a coating composition to at least a part of said anticorrosive coating thereby
establishing a tie-coat on said substrate, wherein said coating composition comprises (i) 5-

45%, such as 5-40% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (II) the balance of a binder
phase comprising:
2-60%, such as 5-55%, by wet weight of a combination of amlno-functional polysiloxane(s)
and aminosllane(s),
25-90%, such as 30-90%, e.g. 40-90% by wet weight of epoxy-functional pofysiloxane(s),
and
0-20% or 0.1-20%, such as 0.1-15%, such as 0.5-10%, by wet weight of adhesion
promoting agent(s),
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amlno-functional
polyslloxane(s)/amlnosilane(s) and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functional
polyslloxane(s) is in the range of 20:100 to 200:100; and
(B) applying a second poiysiloxane-based coating composition onto said He-coat thereby
establishing a fouling release coating on said substrate.
In still another embodiment hereof, the invention provides a method as defined above of
coating a metal substrate coated with an anticorrosive epoxy-based coating, the method
comprising:
(A) applying a coating composition to at least a part of said anticorrosive coating thereby
establishing a tie-coat on said substrate, wherein said coating composition comprises (i) 5-
45%, such as 5-40% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and 00 the balance of a binder
phase comprising:
15-60%, such as 15-50%, by wet weight of amino-funcUonal polysiloxane(s),
2-90%, such as 5-85%, by wet weight of a combination of epoxy-functtonal poiyslloxane(s)
and epoxysllane(s), and
0-20% or 0.1-20%, such as 0.1-15%, such as 0.5-10%, by wet weight of adhesion
promoting agent(s),
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amlno-functional polysiloxane(s)
and die epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functional polysiloxane(s)/epoxysilane(s) is In the
range of 40:100 to 200:100; and
(B) applying a second polyslloxane-based coating composition onto said tie-coat thereby
establishing a fouling release coating on said substrate.

In still another embodiment hereof, the Invention provides a method as defined above of
coating a metal substrate coated with an antlcorroslve epoxy-based coating, the method
comprising:
(A) applying a coating composition to at least a part of said antlcorroslve coating thereby
establishing a tie-coat on said substrate, wherein said coating composition comprises (I) 5-
45%, such as 5-40% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (ii) the balance of a binder
phase comprising:
2-60%, such as 5-55%, by wet weight of a combination of amino-functional polysiloxane(s)
and amlnosllane(s),
2-90%, such as 5-85%, by wet weight of a combination of epoxy-functional poryslloxane(s)
and epoxysilane(s), and
0-20% or 0.1-20%, such as 0.1-15%, such as 0.5-10%, by wet weight of adhesion
promoting agent(s),
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amino-functional
polysiloxane(sVaminosllane(s) and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functional
polysiloxane(s)/epoxysllane(s) is in the range of 20:100 to 200:100; and
(B) applying a second polysiloxane-based coating composition onto said tie-coat thereby
establishing a fouling release coating on said substrate.
In another variant, the invention provides the method defined herein, wherein the binder
phase of the coating composition comprises amino-functional polyslloxane(s}, epoxy-
functional polysltoxane(s), and the combination of one or more amino-functional compounds
of non-silicon origin and one or more epoxy-functional compounds of non-slllcon origin (i.e.
an epoxy paint composition). In particular, the binder phase of tine coating composition
comprises amino-functional polyslloxane(s), epoxy-functional poiysik>xane(s}, adhesion
promoting agent(s), and the combination of one or more amino-functional compounds of
non-silicon origin and one or more epoxy-functional compounds of non-silicon origin (I.e. an
epoxy paint composition).
In one embodiment hereof, the Invention provides a method as defined above of coating a
metal substrate coated with an antlcorroslve epoxy-based coating, the method comprising:
(A) applying a coating composition to at least a part of said antlcorroslve coating thereby
establishing a tie-coat on said substrate, wherein said coating composition comprises 0) 5-
45%, such as 5-40% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (li) the balance of a binder
phase comprising:

2-50%, such as 2-30% by wet weight of amlno-functional polysiloixane(s), epoxy-functtonal
porysiloxane(s), and optionally amino-sllane(s) and epoxy-silane(s); and
10-80%, such as 30-55% by wet weight of the combination of one or more amino-funcUonal
compounds of non-silicon origin and one or more epoxy-functional compounds of non-slllcon
origin,
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amlno-functional polysik>xane(s)
and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functional polysiloxane(s)/epoxysUane(s) is in the
range of 20:100 to 200:100; and
(B) applying a second porystloxanebased coating composition onto said tie-coat thereby
establishing a fouling release coating on said substrate.
In a further embodiment, the Invention provides a method as defined above of coating a
metal substrate coated with' an anticorrosive epoxy-based coating, the method comprising:
(A) applying a coating composition to at least a part of said anticorrosive coating thereby
establishing a tie-coat on said substrate, wherein said coating composition comprises (I) 5-
45%, such as 5-40% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (ii) the balance of a binder
phase comprising:
2-50%, such as 2-30% by wet weight of amlno-functional polyslloxane(s), epoxy-functtonal
potyslloxane(s), adhesion promoting agent(s), and optionally amino-silane(s) and epoxy-
sllane(s); and
10-80%, such as 30-55% by wet weight of the combination of one or more amlno-functional
compounds of non-silicon origin and one or more epoxy-functional compounds of non-silicon
origin,
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amino-functional polysiloxane(s)
and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functional polyslloxane(s)/epoxysilane(s) is in the
range of 20:100 to 200:100; and
(B) applying a second polysiloxane-based coating composition onto said tie-coat thereby
establishing a fouling release coating on said substrate.
In another variant, the present Invention in particular provides the method defined above,
wherein the binder phase of the coating composition comprises amlno-functional
polysIloxane(s), epoxy-functional sllane(s), and adhesion promoting agent(s).
In one embodiment hereof, the invention provides a method as defined above of coating a
metal substrate coated with an anticorrosive epoxy-based coating, the method comprising:

(A) applying a coating composition to at least a part of said antlcorroslve coating thereby
establishing a tie-coat on said substrate, wherein said coating composition comprises (i) 5-
45%, such as 5-40% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (II) the balance of a binder
phase comprising:
15-60%, such as 15-50%, by wet weight of amino-functlonal polysitaxane(s),
1-60% by wet weight of epoxysilane(s), and
0.1-15%, such as 0.5-10%, by wet weight of adhesion promoting agent(s),
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amino-functlonal polysiloxane(s)
and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxysllane(s) Is In the range of 40:100 to 200:100; and
(B) applying a second polyslloxane-based coating composition onto said tie-coat thereby
establishing a fouling release coating on said substrate.
In another embodiment hereof, the invention provides a method as defined above of coating
a metal substrate coated with an antlcorroslve epoxy-based coating, the method comprising:
(A) applying a coating composition to at least a part of said antlcorroslve coating thereby
establishing a tie-coat on said substrate, wherein said coating composition comprises (I) 5-
45%, such as 5-40% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (II) the balance of a binder
phase comprising:
2-60%, such as 5-55%, by wet weight of a combination of amino-functlonal polyslloxane{s)
and amlnosllane(s),
1-60% by wet weight of epoxysiiane(s), and
0.1-15%, such as 0.5-10%, by wet weight of adhesion promoting agent(s),
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amino-functlonal
polyslloxane(s)/amlnosllane(s) and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxysllane(s) Is in the
range of 20:100 to 200:100; and
(B) applying a second polyslloxane-based coating composition onto said tie-coat thereby
establishing a fouling release coating on said substrate.
In a still further variant of the method of the Invention, the binder phase of the coating
composition comprises the combination of one or more amino-functlonal compounds of non-
sllicon origin and one or more epoxy-functional compounds of non-silicon origin (i.e. an
epoxy paint composition).

In one embodiment hereof, the invention provides a method as defined above of coating a
metal substrate coated with an anticorrostve epoxy-based coating, the method comprising:
(A) applying a coating composition to at least a part of said antioorroslve coating thereby
establishing a tie-coat on said substrate, wherein said coating composition comprises 0) 5-
45%, such as 5-40% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (II) the balance of a binder
phase comprising:
2-50%, such as 2-30% by wet weight of amino-functional polyslloxane(s), epoxy-sllane(s),
adhesion promoting agent(s), and optionally amlno-silane(s); and
10-80%, such as 30-55% by wet weight of the combination of one or more amino-functional
compounds of non-silicon origin and one or more epoxy-functional compounds of non-slllcon
origin,
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amino-functional polyslloxane(s)
and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functional polyslloxane(s)/epoxysilane(s) Is In the
range of 20:100 to 200:100; and
(B) applying a second polyslloxane-based coating composition onto said tie-coat thereby
establishing a fouling release coating on said substrate.
In another variant, the present Invention in particular provides the method defined above,
wherein the binder phase of the coating composition comprises amino-functional silane(s),
epoxy-functional polyslloxane(s), and adhesion promoting agent(s).
In one embodiment hereof, the Invention provides a method as defined above of coating a
metal substrate coated with an antioorroslve epoxy-based coating, the method comprising:
(A) applying a coating composition to at least a part of said antlcorrosive coating thereby
establishing a tie-coat on said substrate, wherein said coating composition comprises (I) 5-
45%, such as 5-40% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (fl) the balance of a binder
phase comprising:
1-30%, such as 1-20%, by wet weight of amlnosllane(s),
25-90%, such as 30-90%, e.g. 40-90% by wet weight of epoxy-functional polysIloxane(s),
and
0.1-15%, such as 0.5-10%, by wet weight of adhesion promoting agent(s),
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amlnosllane(s) and the epoxy
equivalents of the epoxy-functional poryslloxane as 20:100 to 49:100; and

(B) applying a second poiysnoxane-based coating composition onto said tie-coat thereby
establishing a fouling release coating on said substrate.
In another embodiment hereof, the Invention provides a method as defined above coating a
metal substrate coated with an anticorrosive epoxy-based coating, the method comprising:
(A) applying a coating composition to at least a part of said anticorrosive coating thereby
establishing a tie-coat on said substrate, wherein said coating composition comprises (I) 5-
45%, such as 5-40% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (li) the balance of a binder
phase comprising:
1-30%, such as 1-20%, by wet weight of amlnosllane(s),
2-90%, such as 5-85%, by wet weight of a combination of epoxy-functtonal polyslloxane(s)
and epoxysilane(s), and
0.1-15%, such as 0.5-10%, by wet weight of adhesion promoting agent(s),
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the aminosllane(s) and the epoxy
equivalents of the epoxy-functional polysik>xane(s)/epoxysilaneCs) Is in the range of 20:100
to 75:100, such as 20:100 to 49:100; and
(B) applying a second pdyslloxane-based coating composition onto said tie-coat thereby
establishing a fouling release coating on said substrata.
In a still further variant, the binder phase of the coating composition comprises the
combination of one or more amlno-funcOonal compounds of non-silicon origin and one or
more epoxy-functional compounds of non-slllcon origin (I.e. an epoxy paint composition).
In one embodiment hereof, the Invention provides a method as defined above of coating a
metal substrate coated with an anticorrosive epoxy-based coating, the method comprising:
(A) applying a coating composition to at least a part of said anticorrosive coating thereby
establishing a tie-coat on said substrate, wherein said coating composition comprises (I) 5-
45%, such as 5-40% by wet weight of pigments and fillers? and (ii) the balance of a binder
phase comprising:
2-50%, such as 2-30% by wet weight of amino-silane(s), epoxy-functional polyslloxane(s),
adhesion promoting agent(s), and optionally epoxy-silane(s); and
10-80%, such as 30-55% by wet weight of the combination of one or more amlno-functional
compounds of non-silicon origin and one or more epoxy-functional compounds of non-silicon
origin,

wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amino-funcUonal polysiloxane(s)
and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functional poiyslloxane{s)/epoxysllane(s) is in the
range of 20:100 to 200:100; and
(B) applying a second polysiloxane-based coating composition onto said tie-coat thereby
establishing a fouling release coating on said substrate.
In a still further variant, the binder phase of the coating composition comprises amino-
funcUonal poiysiloxane(s), adhesion promoting agent(s), and the combination of one or more
amlno-functional compounds of non-silicon origin and one or more epoxy-functional
compounds of non-slllcon origin (I.e. an epoxy paint composition).
In one embodiment hereof, the invention provides a method as defined above of coating a
metal substrate coated with an anticorrosive epoxy-based coating, the method comprising:
(A) applying a coating composition to at least a part of said anticorrosive coating thereby
establishing a tie-coat on said substrate, wherein said coating composition comprises (I) 5-
45%, such as 5-40% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (II) the balance of a binder
phase comprising:
2-50%, such as 2-30% by wet weight of amino-funcUonal polysiloxane(s), adhesion
promoting agent(s), and optionally amino-s!lane(s) and epoxy-silane(s); and
10-80%, such as 30-55% by wet weight of the combination of one or more amlno-functional
compounds of non-silicon origin and one or more epoxy-functional compounds of non-silicon
origin,
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amino-functional porysiroxane(s)
and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functional poiysiloxane(s)/epoxysilane(s) is in the
range of 20:100 to 200:100; and ^
(B) applying a second potyslloxane-based coating composition onto said tie-coat thereby
establishing a fouling release coating on said substrate.
In still another variant, the binder phase of the coating composition comprises epoxy-
functional polysiloxane(s), adhesion promoting agent(s), and the combination of one or more
amino-functional compounds of non-slllcon origin and one or more epoxy-functional
compounds of non-slllcon origin (i.e. an epoxy paint composition}.
In one embodiment hereof, the invention provides a method as defined above of coating a
metal substrate coated with an anticorrosive epoxy-based coating, the method comprising:

(A) applying a coating composition to at least a part of said anticorrosive coating thereby
establishing a tie-coat on said substrate, wherein said coating composition comprises (I) 5-
45%, such as 5-40% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (H) the balance of a binder
phase comprising:
2-50%, such as 2-30% by wet weight of epoxy-functlonal polyslloxane(s), adhesion
promoting agent(s), and optionally amlno-siiane(s) and epoxy-silane(s); and
10-80%, such as 30-55% by wet weight of the combination of one or more amino-functional
compounds of non-silicon origin and one or more epoxy-functlonal compounds of non-silicon
origin,
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amlno-funcHonal poryslloxane(s)
and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-funcUonal polyslloxane(s)/epoxysilane(s) is in the
range of 20:100 to 200:100; and
(B) applying a second potysiloxane-based coating composition onto said tie-coat thereby
establishing a fouling release coating on said substrate.
In a still further interesting variant, the binder phase of the coating composition comprises
amino-functlonat poryslioxane(s), adhesion promoting agent(s), and epoxy-funcdonal
compound(s) of non-silicon origin.
In one embodiment hereof, the invention provides a method as defined above of coating a
metal substrate coated with an anUcorroslve epoxy-based coating, the method comprising:
(A) applying a coating composition to at least a part of said antlcorrostve coating thereby
establishing a tie-coat on said substrate, wherein said coating composition comprises (I) 5-
45%, such as 5-40% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (II) the balance of a binder
phase comprising:
2-50%, such as 2-30% by wet weight of arnino-funcuonai polyslloxane{s), adhesion
promoting agents), and optionally amino-silane(s) and epoxy-sllane(s); and
10-80%, such as 30-55% by wet weight of one or more epoxy-functlonal compounds of non-
silicon origin,
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amino-functional polysiloxane(s)
and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functlonal polyslloxane(s}/epoxysilane(s) is in the
range of 20:100 to 200:100; and
(B) applying a second poiysiloxane-based coating composition onto said tie-coat thereby
establishing a fouling release coating on said substrate.

In a still further Interesting variant, the binder phase of the coating composition comprises
amino-functlonal polysiloxane(s), epoxy-functlonal polysiloxane(s), adhesion promoting
agent(s), and epoxy-functional compound(s) of non-siHcon origin.
in one embodiment hereof, the invention provides a method as defined above of coating a
metal substrate coated with an antJcorrosive epoxy-based coating, the method comprising:
(A) applying a coating composition to at least a part of said anticorrosive coating thereby
establishing a tie-coat on said substrate, wherein said coating composition comprises (I) 5-
45%, such as 5-40% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (II) the ba lance of a binder
phase comprising:
2-50%, such as 2-30% by wet weight of amino-functlonal polyslloxane(s), epoxy-functlonal
polysiloxane(s), adhesion promoting agent(s), and optionally amino-sllane(s) and epoxy-
silane(s); and
10-80%, such as 30-55% by wet weight of one or more epoxy-functlonal compounds of non-
silicon origin,
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amino-functional polysiloxane(s)
and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functlonal polysiloxane(s)/epoxysllane(s) Is In the
range of 20:100 to 200:100; and
(B) applying a second poiyslloxane-based coating composition onto said tie-coat thereby
establishing a fouling release coating on said substrate.
In all of the above particular embodiments of the method of the invention, the adhesion
promoting agent(s) is/are preferably selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-functional
poiyslloxanes, hydroxyalkyl-functional polyslloxanes and Q^-alkoxy-functional polyslloxanes,
In particular from hydroxy-functional poiyslloxanes and C^-altoxy-funcHonal polyslloxanes,
It is envisaged that each and every of the above particular embodiments of the method of
the Invention may be equally applicable for glass-fibre substrates. In such cases, however,
the anticorrosive epoxy-based coating may, If desirable, be substituted with another epoxy
primer coating which may not necessarily have the same anticorrosive properties.
Coating Composition
It is believed that the pofysiloxane coating composition defined herein for the method of the
invention is novel as such. Thus, a further aspect of the invention relates to a coating
composition, said coating composition comprises (i) 0-60%, such as 0-5O%>, preferably 5-

45%, such as 5-40% or 5-35% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (li) the balance of
a binder phase comprising:
1-90% by wet weight of one or more amlrto-functlona! compounds,
1-90% by wet weight of one or more epoxy-functional compounds, and
0-20% by wet weight of one or more adhesion promoting agents;
wherein the binder phase comprises at least two types, (a), (b), (c), of polyslloxane
compounds selected from the group consisting of:
(a) amino-funcUonal polysiloxanes;
(b) epoxy-funcHonal polysiloxanes; and
(c) adhesion promoting agents selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-funcUonal
polysiloxanes, hydraxyalkyl-functional polysiloxanes and Q^-alkoxy-functJonal polysiloxanes.
In one particularly preferred embodiment, the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the
amino-funcUonal compound(s) and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-furictlonal
compound(s) Is in the range of 20:100 to 200:100.
In one embodiment, the binder phase of the coating composition comprises one or more
adhesion promoting agents as defined above. As above, the adhesion promoting agent(s)
is/are preferably selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-funcUonal polysiloxanes and
Ci^-alkoxy-functtonal polysiloxanes. Typically, the binder phase comprises 0.1-15% by wet
weight of the adhesion promoting agent(s).
The coating composition may further, as a part of the binder phase, comprise solvents and
additives.
Examples of solvents are aliphatic, cydoallphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons such as white
spirit, cydohexane, toluene, octametriyltrislloxane, xylene and naphtha solventesters such as
methoxypropyl acetate, n-butyl acetate and 2-ethoxyethyl acetate; and mixtures thereof.
Another possible embodiment is that where the epoxy-functional silicon compound is an
epoxy-functional polysiloxane and the amino-Junctional silicon compound Is an amlno-
funcuonal polysiloxane, and where the solvent (or dlspersant) is water or a water/solvent
mixture, e.g. water/ethanol.
Examples of additives are:
(I) plastldzers such as chlorinated paraffin; hydrocarbons or modified hydrocarbons, e.g.

modified aromatic hydrocarbon resins such as modified phenol and alpha-methylstyrene
based hydrocarbons; phthalates such as dlbutyi phthalate, benzyibutyi phthalate, diodyl
phthalate, diisononyi phthalate and diisodecyi phthalate; phosphate esters such as trlcresyl
phosphate; sulfonamides, alkyl-p-toluene sulfonamide; adlpates such as bls(2-ethyihexyl)-
adipate), dllsobutyl adlpate and dloctyladlpate; phosphoric add triethyi ester; butyl stearate;
sorbitan trioleate; and non-reactive organopolyslloxanes;
(ii) surfactants such as derivatives of propylene oxide or ethylene oxide such as alkylphenol-
ethylene oxide condensates; ethoxylated monoethanolamldes of unsaturated fatty acids such
as ethoxylated monoethanolamldes of IJnolelc add; sodium dodecyl sulfate; alkyiphenol
ettioxyiates; and soya lecithin;
(III) wetting agents and dbpersants such as those described hi M. Ash and I. Avsh, "Handbook
of Paint and Coating Raw Materials, Vol. 1", 1996, Gower Publ. Ltd., Great Britain, pp 821-
823 and 849-851;
(iv) defoaming agents such as silicone oils;
(v) stabilisers such as stabilisers against light and heat, e.g. hindered amine Bght stabilisers
(HALS), UV-absorbers such as hydroxyphenyl benzotriazole-type and hydroxyphenyl triazlne-
type compounds, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-(5-chloro-(2H)-benzotriazol-2-yl)-
4-mettiyl-6-(tert-butyl)pnenoi, and 2,4-dtfcert-butyl-6-(5-crilorobenzotriazol-2-yl)phenol;
stabilisers against moisture such as molecular sieves or water scavengers such as synthetic
zeolites, substituted Isocyanates, substituted sllanes and ortho formic add triethyi ester;
stabilisers against oxidation such as butyiated hydroxyanisoie; butylated hydroxytoluene;
propylgallate; tocopherols; 2,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroqulnone; L-ascorbyl palmltate; carotenes;
vitamin A;
(vi) inhibitors against corrosion such as aminocarboxyiates, caldum slllcophospriate,
ammonium benzoate, barium/caldum/zinc/magneslum salts of alkylnaphthalenie sulfonic
adds, zinc phosphate; zinc metaborate;
(vi!) coalescing agents such as glycols, 2-butoxy ethanol, and 2,2,4-trimethyl-l,3-
pentanedlo) monoisobutyrate;
(viil) thickeners and anti-settling agents such as colloidal silica, hydratad aluminium silicate
(bentontte), alumlniumttlstearate, aluminlummonostearate, xanthan gum, chrysotile,
pyrogenlc silica, hydrogenated castor oil, organo-modlfled clays, polyamide waxes and
polyethylene waxes; and
(be) dyes such as l,4-bis(butylamlno)anthraqulnone and other anthraquinone derivatives;
toluldine dyes, etc
Furthermore, the coating composition may comprise pigments and fillers.
Pigments and fillers are In the present context viewed In conjunction as constituents that may
be added to the coating composition with only limited implications on the adhesion
properties. "Pigments* are normally characterised in mat they render the final paint coating

non-transparent and non-translucent, whereas "fillers' normally are characterised m that
they do not render the paint non-translucent and therefore do not contribute significantly to
hide any material below the coating.
Examples of pigments are grades of titanium dioxide, red iron oxide, zinc oxide, carbon
black, graphite, yellow Iron oxide, red molybdate, yellow molybdate, zinc sulfide, antimony
oxide, sodium aluminium sutfbsilicates, qulnacrldones, phthalocyanlne blue, phthalocyanlne
green, black iron oxide, fndanthrone blue, cobalt aluminium oxide, carbazole dloxazine,
chromium oxide, Isoindoline orange, bis-acetoacet-o-tolidiole, benzimidazolon, qulnaphtalone
yellow, Isoindoline yellow, tetrachlorolsolndpllnone, quinophthalone yellow.
Examples of fillers are calcium carbonate such as calclte, dolomite, talc, rrdca, feldspar,
barium sulfate, kaolin, nephelln, silica, perlite, magnesium oxide, and quartz flour, etc Fillers
(and pigments) may also be added In the form of fibres, thus, apart from the before-
mentioned examples of fillers, the coating composition may also comprise fibres, e.g. those
generally and specifically described In WO 00/77102 which Is hereby Incorporated by
reference. At present, especially preferred are mineral fibres such as mineral-glass fibres,
woUastonite fibres, montmorfllonite fibres, tobermorite fibres, atapulgfte fibres, calcined
bauxite fibres, volcanic rock fibres, bauxite fibres, rookwool fibres, and processed mineral
fibres from mineral wool.
Any pigments and/or fillers constitute 0-60%, such as 0-50%, preferably 5-45%, such as 5-
40% or 5-35%, by wet weight of the coating composition. When present, the concentration
of the fibres is normally in the range of 0.1-50%, e.g. 0.1-25% by wet weight of the coating
composition, such as 0.5-10% by wet weight of the coating composition. Especially relevant
concentrations of fibres, depending upon the type and size of the fibres, may be 1-10% or 2-
10%, such as 2-7%, or 3-10%, such as 3-8% by wet weight of the coating composition. It
should be understood that the above ranges refer to the total amount of fibres, thus, in the
case where two or more fibre types are utilised, the combined amounts should fall within the
above ranges.
The coating compositions may be prepared by conventional method using equipment known
to the person skilled In the art, e.g. utilising mixers, ball mills, grinders, filters, etc. The
coating compositions are typically prepared and shipped as two- or three-component systems
mat should be combined and thoroughly mixed immediately prior to use. When an adhesion
promoting agent is included In the coating composition, a three-component system is
typically preferred. An example of a suitable preparation method Is described in the
Examples.

Particular embodiments of the coating composition of the Invention
In one variant of the coating composition defined herein the binder phase comprises amino-
functional potysiloxane(s) and epoxy-functional poiysfloxane(s).
In a more specific variant of the coating composition, the binder phase of the coating
composition comprises amino-functional polysllaxane(s), epoxy-funcHonal porysiioxarie(s),
and adhesion promoting agent(s).
In one Interesting embodiment hereof, the coating composition comprises (i) 5-45%, such as
5-40% by wet weight of pigments and filters; and 00 the balance of a binder phase
comprising:
15-60%, such as 15-50%, by wet weight of amlno-funcUonal polyslloxane{s),
25-90%, such as 30-90%, e.g. 40-90% by wet weight of epoxy-funcUonal poryslloxane(s),
and
0-20% or 0.1-20%, such as 0.1-15%, such as 0.5-10%, by wet weight of adhesion
promoting agent(s),
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amino-functional polyslloxan(s)
and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functional polyslloxane(s) is In the range of 40:100
to 200:100.
In another interesting embodiment hereof, the coating composition comprises (I) 5-4-5%/
such as 5-40% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (II) the balance of a binder phase
comprising:
2-60%, such as 5-55%, by wet weight of a combination of amino-functional polyslloxane(s)
and amlnosllane(s),
25-90%, such as 30-90%, e.g. 40-90% by wet weight of epoxy-functional polyslloxane(s),
and
0-20% or 0.1-20%, such as 0.1-15%, such as 0.5-10%, by wet weight of adhesion
promoting agent(s),
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amino-functional
polyslloxane(s)/aminosllane(s) and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-funcHonal
polysikixane(s) Is In the range of 20:100 to 200:100.
In still another embodiment hereof, the coating composition comprises (I) 5-45%, such as 5-
40% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (il) the balance of a binder phase comprising:

15-60%, such as 15-50%, by wet weight of amlno-functlonal potyslloxane(s),
2-90%, such as 5-85%, by wet weight of a combination of epoxy-functional polysllo>cane(s)
and epoxysilane(s), and
0-20% or 0.1-20%, such as 0.1-15%, such as 0.5-10%, by wet weight of adhesion
promoting agent(s),
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amlno-functlonal polysiloxane(s)
and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-funcUonal polysiloxane(s)/epoxysllane(s) Is In the
range of 40:100 to 200:100.
In still another embodiment hereof, the coating composition comprises (i) 5-45%, such as 5-
40% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (il) the balance of a binder phase comprising:
2-60%, such as 5-55%, by wet weight of a combination of amlno-functional polysiloxane(s)
and amlnosilane(s),
2-90%, such as 5-85%, by wet weight of a combination of epoxy-functional polysiloxane(s)
and epoxysilane(s), and
0-20% or 0.1-20%, such as 0.1-15%, such as 0.5-10%, by wet weight of adhesion
promoting agent(s),
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amlno-functional
por/siloxane(s)/amlnosllane(s) and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functional
polysiloxane(s)/epoxystone(s) Is in the range of 20:100 to 200:100.
In a further variant, the binder phase of the coating composition comprises amlno-funcUonal
polysllcoone(s), epoxy-functional polysiloxane(s), and the combination of one or more
amlno-functlonal compound(s) of non-slllcon origin and epoxy-functional compound(s) of
non-silicon origin (I.e. an epoxy paint composition). In particular, the binder phase of the
coating composition comprises amino-funcHonal polyslloxane(s), epoxy-functional
polysHoxane(s), adhesion promoting agent(s), and the combination of one or more amlno-
functlonal compound(s) of non-silicon origin and one or more epoxy-functional oompound(s)
of non-silicon origin (I.e. an epoxy paint composition).
In one embodiment hereof, the coating composition comprises (I) 5-45%, such as 5-40% by
wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (II) the balance of a binder phase comprising:
2-50%, such as 2-30% by wet weight of amlno-functional polyslloxane(s), epoxy-functional
polysiloxane(s), and optionally amlno-sllane(s) and epoxy-sllane(s); and
10-80%, such as 30-55% by wet weight of the combination of one or more amlno-functlonal
compounds of non-slllcon origin and one or more epoxy-functional compounds of non-slllcon
origin,
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amlno-functional polyslloxane(s)

and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functional polyslloxane(s)/epoxy$llane(s) Is In the
range of 40:100 to 200:100.
in a further embodiment hereof, the coating composition comprises (I) 5-45%, such as 5-
40% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (II) the balance of a binder phase comprising:
2-50%, such as 2-30% by wet weight of amlno-furtcHonal potysBoxaneCs), epoxy-functional
polysBoxane(s), adhesion promoting agents), and optionally amlno-sllane(s) and epoxy-
silane(s); and
10-80%, such as 30-55% by wet weight of the combination of one or more amlno-functiortal
compounds of non-silicon origin and one or more epoxy-functional compounds of non-silicon
origin,
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amino-Junctional polysik>xane(s)
and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functional polysiloxane(s)/epoxysllane(s) is in the
range of 40:100 to 200:100.
In another variant of the coating composition, the binder phase of the coating composition
comprises amlno-functional polysiloxane(s), epoxy-functional silane(s), and adhesion
promoting agent(s).
In one embodiment hereof, the coating composition comprises Q) 5-45%, such as 5-40% by
wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (II) the balance of a binder phase comprising:
15-60%, such as 15-50%, by wet weight of amlno-functional polysiloxane(s),
1-60% by wet weight of epoxysllane(s), and
0.1-15%, such as 0.5-10%, by wet weight of adhesion promoting agent(s),
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amlno-functional polyslloxane(s)
and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxysilane(s) Is in the range of 40:100 to 200:100.
In one embodiment hereof, the coating composition comprises (I) 5-45%, such as 5-40% by
wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (II) the balance of a binder phase comprising:
2-60%, such as 5-55%, by wet weight of a combination of amino-functlonal polyslloxane(s)
and amlnosllane(s),
1-60% by wet weight of epoxysilane(s), and
0.1-15%, such as 0.5-10%, by wet weight of adhesion promoting agent(s),
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amlno-functional
polysiloxane(s)/amlnosllane(s) and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxys)lane(s) is in the
range of 20:100 to 200:100.

In a still further variant, the binder phase of the coating composition further comprises the
combination of one or more amlno-ftmctlonal compound(s) of non-silicon origin and one or
more epoxy-functional compound(s) of non-silicon origin. (I.e. an epoxy paint composition).
In one embodiment hereof, the coating composition comprises (I) 5-45%, such as 5-40% by
wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (it) the balance of a binder phase comprising:
2-50%, such as 2-30% by wet weight of amlno-ftincaonal polyslloxane(s), epaxy-silane(s),
adhesion promoting agent(s), and optionally amino-sllane(s); and
10-80%, such as 30-55% by wet weight of the combination of one or more amino-functlonal
compounds of non-sllteon origin and one or mote epoxy-functional compounds of non-slllcon
origin,
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amino-funcrjonal polyslloxane(s)
and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functional polyslloxane(s)/epoxysllane(s) Is In the
range of 40:100 to 200:100.
In still another variant of the coating composition, the binder phase of the coating
composition comprises amlno-tuncrJonal sllane(s), epoxy-functional polyslloxane(s), and
adhesion promoting agent(s).
In one embodiment hereof, the coating composition comprises (I) 5-45%, such as 5-40% by
wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (II) the balance of a binder phase comprising:
1-30%, such as 1-20%, by wet weight of amlnosilane(s),
25-90%, such as 30-90%, e.g. 40-90% by wet weight of epoxy-functional polyslloxane(s),
and
0.1-15%, such as 0.5-10%, by wet weight of adhesion promoting agent(s),
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the aminosllane(s) and the epoxy
equivalents of the epoxy-functional polyslloxane(s) Is in the range of 20:100 to 75:100, such
as 20:100 to 49:100.
In another embodiment hereof, the coating composition comprises (I) 5-45%, such as 5-40%
by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (II) the balance of a binder phase comprising:
1-30%, such as 1-20%, by wet weight of amlnosilane(s),
2-90%, such as 5-85%, by wet weight of a combination of epoxy-functional polysiloxane(s3
and epoxysilane(s), and
0.1-15%, such as 0.5-10%, by wet weight of adhesion promoting agent(s)r
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amlnos!lane(s) and the epoxy

equivalents of the epoxy-functlonal porysiloxane(s)/epoxysllane(s) is in the range of 20:100
to 75:100, such as 20:100 to 49:100.
In a still further variant, the binder phase of the coating composition further comprises the
combination of one or more amino-functlonal compounds of non-silicon origin and one or
more epoxy-functJonal compounds of non-silicon origin (I.e. an epoxy paint composition).
In one embodiment, the coating composition comprises (0 5-45%, such as 5-40% by wet
weight of pigments and fillers; and (II) the balance of a binder phase comprising:
2-50%, such as 2-30% by wet weight of amino-silane(s), epoxy-funcOonal polysiloxaneCs),
adhesion promoting agent(s), and optionally epoxy-sllane(s); and
10-80%, such as 30-55% by wet weight of the combination of one or more amino-funcUonal
compounds of non-silicon origin and one or more epoxy-functlonal compounds of non-silicon
origin,
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amino-functlonal polysiloxane(s)
and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functlonal poiysHoxane(s)/epoxysliane(s) is In the
range of 40:100 to 200:100,
In still another variant of the coating composition, the binder phase of the coating
composition comprises amino-functlonal polyslloxane(s), adhesion promoting agent(s), and
the combination of one or more amino-functlonal compounds of non-silicon origin and one or
more epoxy-functlonal compounds of non-silicon origin (i.e. an epoxy paint composition).
In still another embodiment, the coating composition comprises (I) 5-45%, such as 5-40% by
wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (II) the balance of a binder phase comprising:
2-50%, such as 2-30% by wet weight of amino-funcrJonal polysiloxane(s), adhesion
promoting agerrajs), and optionally amlno-sllane(s) and epoxy-sllane(s); and
10-80%, such as 30-55% by wet weight of the combination of one or more amino-functlonal
compounds of non-silicon origin and one or more epoxy-functlonal compounds of non-silicon
origin,
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amlno-functional polysiloxaneCs)
and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functlonal poiysik>xane(s)/epoxysilane(s) is in the
range of 40:100 to 200:100.
In still another variant of the coating composition, the binder phase of the coating
composition comprises epoxy-functlonal polysRoxane(s), adhesion promoting agent(s), and

the combination of one or more amino-functlonal com wunds of non-silicon origin and one or
more epoxy-functional compounds of non-silicon origin (i.e. an epoxy paint composition).
In still another embodiment, the coating composition tomprtses (I) 5-45%, such as 5-40% by
wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (II) the balano s of a binder phase comprising:
2-50%, such as 2-30% by wet weight of epoxy-functfonal polysiloxane(s), adhesion
promoting agent(s)„ and optionally amlno-sllane(s) ar d epoxy-sllane(s); and
10-80%, such as 30-55% by wet weight of the combii ration of one or more amlno-functional
compounds of non-slllcon origin and one or more epo: y-funetional compounds of non-silicon
origin,
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents df the amino-functlonal polysiloxane(s)
and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functlonal pol/slloxane(s)/epoxysilane(s) is in the
range of 40:100 to 200:100.
In a still further Interesting variant, the binder phase jof the coating composition comprises
amino-functlonal polyslloxane(s), adhesion promoting agent(s), and epoxy-functional
compound(s) of non-slllcon origin.
In one embodiment hereof, the coating composition wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (il) the balam e of a binder phase comprising:
2-50%, such as 2-30% by wet weight of amlno-funct onal polysl]oxane(s), adhesion
promoting agent(s), and optionally amino-sllane(s) a KI epoxy-sllane(s); and
10-80%, such as 30-55% by wet weight of one or more epoxy-functional compounds of non-
sllicon origin,
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents sf the amino-functlonal polysiloxane(s)
and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functional pclysUoxane(s)/epoxysilane(s) is In the
range of 40:100 to 200:100.
In a still further interesting variant, the binder phase of the coating composition comprises
amino-functlonal polyslloxane(s), epoxy-functional pjlyslloxane(s), adhesion promoting
agent(s), and epoxy-functional compound(s) of non- silicon origin.
In one embodiment hereof, the coating composition »mprises (I) 5-45%, such as 5-40% by
wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (li) the balar ce of a binder phase comprising:
2-50%, such as 2-30% by wet weight of amlno-func donal polyslloxane(s), epoxy-functional
polyslioxane(s), adhesion promoting agent(s), and optionally amino-sllane(s) and epoxy-

sJlane(s); and
10-80%, such as 30-55% by wet weigh: of one or more epoxy-funcUonal compounds of non-
siDcon origin,
wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the amino-functional poiysiloxane(s)
and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy functional polysiloxane(s)/epoxysllane(s) Is In the
range of 40:100 to 200:100.
In all of the above particular embodimehts of the coating composition of the Invention, the
adhesion promoting agent(s) is/are prei eraWy selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-
functional polysllaxanes, hydroxyalkyl-f motional polysiloxanes and Ci^-aUeoxy-functional
polysiloxanes, in particular from hydrox afunctional polysiloxanes and Q^-alkoxy-functlonal
polysiloxanes.
It Is envisaged that each and every of the above particular embodiments of coating
composition of the Invention may be eq tally applicable for glass-fibre substrates. In such
cases, however, the anticorrosive epoxy -based coating may, If desirable, be substituted with
another epoxy primer coating which ma / not necessarily have the same anticorrosive
properties.
An Article
Another aspect of the Invention relates to an article comprising a substrate, an epoxy-based
coating on at least a part of the surface of said substrate, a tie-coat on said epoxy-based
coating, and a fouling release coating op said tie-coat, wherein said tie-coat Is as defined
hereinabove.
The coating composition, the method ol establishing the coating on the substrate surface,
and the characteristics of the coating fo How the directions given hereinabove.
In one embodiment, the fouling release coating Is a second polyslloxane-based coating.
In one particular embodiment of the abbve article, the anticorrosive layer has a total dry film
thickness of 100-600 um, such as 150-150 urn, e.g. 200-400 urn; the tie-coat has a total dry
film thickness of 20-500 urn, such as 2 MOO um, e.g. 50-300 um; and the fouling release
coating has a total dry film thickness ol 20-500 um, such as 20-400 pm, e.g. 50-300 um.
In another particular embodiment of th i above article, the anticorrosive layer has a total dry
film thickness of 100-600 um, such as L50-450 um, e.g. 200-400 um; the tie-coat has a total
dry film thickness of 50-900 um, such
the fouling release coating has a total dry film thickness of 20-500 pm, such as 20-400 jjm,
e.g. 50-300 pm.
A further embodiment of the article Is that where the krtide is coated with a paint system
comprising
a total dry film thickness of 150-400 pm of an anticoijxssive layer of an epoxy-based coating
established by application of 2-4 layers;
a total dry film thickness of 20-400 pm of the tie-coatt established by application of 1-2
layers; and
a total dry film thickness of 20-400 pm of the fouling [release coating established by
application of 1-2 layers. In particular, the antlcorrosi ve layer Is established by application of
1-3 layers of a first epoxy-based coating and 1-2 lay* rs of a second epoxy-based coating,
said first epoxy-based coating and said second epoxyf-based coating not being Identical.
More particular embodiments thereof are those when i the paint system comprises:
a total dry film thickness of 150-400 pm of an anticoi rosive layer of an epoxy-based coating
established by application of 2-3, preferably 3, layers;
a total dry film thickness of 50-300 pm of the Oe-coa: established by application of 1-2
layers; and
a total dry film thickness-of 50-300 pm of the fouling release coating established by
application of 1-2, preferably 1, layers); or
a total dry film thickness of 150-350 pm of an antico -rosive layer of an epoxy-based coating
established by application of 1-2, preferably 2, layer ;
a total dry film thickness of 100-600 pm, or 100-400 urn, of the tie-coat established by
application of 1-2, preferably 2, layers; and
a total dry film thickness of 50-300 pm of the foullnc release coating established by
application of 1-2, preferably 1, layers); or
a total dry film thickness of 50-250 pm of an anticor reive layer of an epoxy-based coating
established by application of 1-2, preferably 1, layer s);
a total dry film thickness of 100-750 pm of the tie-coat established by application of 1-3,
preferably 1-2 layers; and
a total dry film thickness of 50-300 pm of the fbuiinji release coating established by
application of 1-2, preferably 1, layer(s); or

a total dry film thickness of 100-900 uni of the tie-coat established by application of 1-3,
preferably 1-2 layers; and
a total dry film thickness of 50-300 pm of the fouling release coating established by
application of 1-2, preferably 1, layerfs].
General Remarks
Although the present description and cb ilms occasionally refer to an epoxy-functlonal silicon
compound, an epoxy-functlonal polysilo one, an epoxysllane, an amlno-functJonal silicon
compounds, an amino-funcHonal polysilaxane, an amlnosilane, an adhesion promoting agent,
etc., it should be understood that the a atfng compositions defined herein may comprise one,
two or more types of the Individual com tituents. In such embodiments, the total amount of
the respective constituent (e.g. aminos! lanes) should correspond to the amount defined
above for the Individual constituent.
The "(s)" in the expressions: compoundfs), porysiloxane(s), sllane(s), agent(s), etc. indicates
that one, two or more types of the Individual constituents may be present.
On the other hand, when the expressloi|i "one* is used, only one (1) of the respective
constituent Is present
The present invention Is further lllustraljed by the following non-limiting examples.

EXAMPLE
The following experiments and tests (the adhesion test and the Droplet test) were conducted
in order to determine the applicability of coating comp wltton of the invention. It is believed
that the Adhesion test must be passed in order for a oatlng to be useful for commercial
purposes. On the other hand, the Droplet test indicate > that a durable and permanent coating
should be expected. For certain commercial products, s.g. for the yacht market, It is
desirable that fouling release coatings and tie coats ca 1 be removed without the use of sand
blasting e.g. with the use of a solvent based paint rem over. Thus, for commercial products
within this market segments, a *Fall" In the Droplet tes t Is advantageous. In general, a "Fall"
in the Droplet test is advantageous when the solid mal erlal onto which the coating
composition Is applied is unsuited for sandblasting. Sojid material unsulted for sandblasting
includes glass-fibre.
Materials
Sllres 44100 Is an amino functional polyslloxane from jvadoer Chemie GmbH, Germany.
SF1708 Is an aminofunctlonalized polyslloxane fluid of |GE silicones, 260 Hudson River Road,
Watertord, NY 12188, USA.
Silikoftal ED is an epoxy functional polyslloxane, a product of Tego Chemie Service GmbH,
GokJschmldtstrasse 100, D-45127 Essen, Germany.
Rhodorsll 48V10D is a hydroxy terminated fluid substantially comprising polyorganoslloxane
parts, a product of Rhodla.
DC2-1273 Is a hydroxy terminated fluid substantially comprising polyorganoslloxane parts
from Dow Coming, USA.
Dynasyian AMEO is a 3-amlnopropyltrlethoxysllane frafo Degussa AG, Germany.
Dynasyian Glymo is a gamma glyddoxyprppyl trimethoxysllane from Degussa AG, Germany.
Addid 900 Is an amino functional trimethoxysllane from Wacker Chemie GmbH, Germany.
Hempadur 15570 Is an anticorrosive epoxy paint from Hempel A/S.
Hempadur 45880 Is an anticorrosive epoxy paint from Hempel A/S.
Ameriock 400 Is an unfilled epoxy from Valspar Corp., 1101 Third Street South, Minneapolis,
MN 55415.
ES-1002T Is a silicone modified epoxy resin varnish from Shin-Etsu Chemical, Japan.
AMMO solution is a mixture of Dynasyian Ammo from Degussa AG, Germany, mixed with
dlbutyl tlnoxWe, ethyl silicate, and mineral spirit
KE-45T5 topcoat Is a silicone rubber varnish from Shin-Etsu Chemical, Japan.
Titanium dioxide: Kemira X660, Kemlra Pigments OY, llnland.
Perdpltated barium sulphate: Blanc Fbce Super F, SachrJeben Germany.
Graphite: AF96/97, Graphfbverk Kropfm HL AG, Germ: ny.

Talc: Luzenac 20 MO, Talc De Luzenac, France.
Bentonlte: Bentone SD-2, Bementis Sp sdalltfes, UK.
Black Iron oxide Bayferrox 318M, Bayei, Germany.
Extender pigment: aluminium, potasslu n, sodium silicate Mlnex S 20, North Cape Nefelln
A/S, Norway.
Mineral fibres: synthetic silicate fibres, IS 600; Laplnus Fibres BV, Holland.
Epicoat 1001 is a bisphenoi A type epo> y resin varnish (NV70%) from Badlsh Oil Company.
KBM 603 is an amino silane coupling ag ent from Shln-Etsu Chemical, Japan.
Sunmide X-2800 is a polyamide resin v imlsh from Sanwa Chemical Industry Co, Ltd, Japan.
Araldlte GZ 7071X75CH Is a bisphenoi /, epoxide ex. Huntsman Advanced Materials,
Switzerland.
Solvents from local suppliers.
Methods
Preparation of test panels
Where not stated below the drying tJmi and the conditions are as specified In the tables with
the results.
Tin panels (210x300x0.3 mm) were fir t coated with 75-100 um (dry film thickness, DFT) of
a commercial anUoorrosive epoxy pairri (Hempadur 15570, from Hempel A/S) applied by air
spraying or by a doctor blade hand app licator. After 24 hours of drying in the laboratory at
the specified conditions, the antloorros ve paint was covered by the model paint, applied in
100-200 um (dry film thickness, DFT) I vf air spraying or by a doctor blade hand applicator.
Where applicable, a topcoat (either He npasil 77100 from Hempel A/S or KE-45TS from Shln-
Etsu Chemical) was applied in 100-20C um (dry film thickness, DFT) by air spraying or by a
doctor blade hand applicator after the specified time of drying at the specified conditions. The
panels were dried the specified time at the specified conditions. The paint coats were allowed
to dry and cure at 20°C unless otherwl se specified (Example 1).
Ibe adhesion test
The adhesion of a coating formulation Is tested by a finger peel test according to the
following procedure. The tester attemr. ts to remove the coating from the substrate/previous
paint layer by peeling it off with the fir ger nail.

The coating is considered to pass the test if there is only a cohesive failure In the layer to be
tested and no adhesive failure between the layer and the substrate/previous layer.
The coating Is considered to fall If there Is an adhesive failure between any layer and another layer
or between the layer and the substrate.
The Droplet test
The adhesion of a coating formulation is tested In accordance with ISO 2812-1, method 3
(spotting method). The final coat of a painted system is subjected to an appropriate number
of drops of the test liquid (either acetyl acetone or xylene), each approximately 0.1 ml In
volume. The panels are left for the specified time, allowing air free access to ft. The adhesion
of the area is tested by means of the adhesion test described above.
If not stated elsewhere, all components are given in drams.



*The mixture of additives included 6.7% by wet wekjjit of a non-functional
polydlmethylslloxane as a detaining agent
Preparation method for the model paints
684 grams of component 1 were prepared in the folio wing way:
The mill base (60 w/w% of the Silikoftal ED, black ire n oxide pigment, extender pigment,
synthetic silicate fibres, levelling agent, defbamlng ac ent, 35 w/w% of the solvent) was
premixed on a Diaf dlssolver equipped with an Impeld sr disc (70 mm. in diameter) In a 1 litre
can for 15 minutes at 1000 rpm. The Impeller disc ws s substituted with a Teflon disc (70
mm. in diameter). 500 grams of 3 mm. glass beads v 'ere added to the mill base and grinding
was performed for 20 minutes at 2000 rpm.
The rest of the raw materials (the remaining 40 w/w*) b of the SHIkoftal ED, plastisizer, the
remaining 65 w/w% of the solvent) were added and t ie composition was mixed at 1000 rpm.
for 15 minutes. The paint base was separated from the glass beads by filtration.
The results show that the coating compositions of the Invention exhibit excellent adhesion to
epoxy-based antlcorroslve coatings.
Just before the application, the amino-functional silicon compound and the adhesion
promoting agent (hydroxyl-fUnctional silicone oil) wer a added.










































WE CLAIM:
1. A method of coating a substrate for establishing a fouling-release coating system, the method
comprising:
(A) applying a coating composition to at least a part of the surface of said substrate thereby
establishing a tie-coat on said substrate, wherein said coating composition comprises (i) 0- 60% by
wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (ii) the balance of a binder phase comprising:
1-90% by wet weight of one or more amino-functional compounds,
1-90% by wet weight of one or more epoxy-functional compounds, and
0-20% by wet weight of one or more adhesion promoting agents;
wherein the binder phase comprises at least two types, (a), (b), (c), of polysiloxane compounds
selected from the group consisting of:
(a) amino-functional polysiloxanes;
(b) epoxy-functional polysiloxanes; and
(c) adhesion promoting agents selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-functional
polysiloxanes, hydroxyalkyl-functional polysiloxanes and C1-4-alkoxy-functional polysiloxanes;
and
(B) applying a second coating composition onto said tie-coat thereby establishing the fouling
release coating on said substrate.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio between the hydrogen equivalents of the
amino-functional compound(s) and the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy-functional compound(s) is
in the range of 20:100 to 200:100.
3. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the epoxy-functional
compound(s) essentially consist(s) of one or more epoxy-functional silicon compounds, and the
amino-functional compound(s) essentially consist(s) of one or more amino-functional silicon
compounds.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the binder phase comprises 26-90% wet weight of
polysiloxane-based constituents.
5. The method as claimed in any of the claims 1-2, wherein the epoxy-functional compound(s)
comprise(s) one or more epoxy-functional compounds of non-silicon origin, and the
aminofunctional compound(s) comprise(s) one or more amino-functional compounds of non-

silicon origin.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the binder phase comprises 2-50% by wet weight of
polysiloxane- and silane-type constituents.
7. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the binder phase of the
coating composition comprises one or more adhesion promoting agents.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the binder phase comprises 0.1 -15% by wet weight of
the adhesion promoting agent(s).
9. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, which comprises the subsequent step
of applying a second polysiloxane-based fouling release coating composition onto said tie-coat,
thereby establishing a polysiloxane-based fouling release coating on said substrate.
10. The method as claimed in any one of the claims 1-4 and 7-9, wherein the binder phase
comprises amino-functional polysiloxane(s) and epoxy-functional polysiloxane(s).
1 1. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the binder phase of the coating composition
comprises amino-functional polysiloxane(s). epoxy-functional polysiloxane(s), and adhesion
promoting agent(s).
12. The method as claimed in any one of the claims 1-2 and 5-9, wherein the binder phase of the
coating composition comprises amino-functional polysiloxane(s), epoxy-functional polysiloxane(s),
and the combination of one or more amino-functional compounds of nonsilicon origin and one or
more epoxy-functional compounds of non-silicon origin.
13. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the binder phase of the coating composition
comprises amino-functional polysiloxane(s), epoxy-functional polysiloxane(s), adhesion promoting
agent(s), and the combination of one or more amino-functional compounds of non-silicon origin
and one or more epoxy-functional compounds of non-silicon origin.
14. The method as claimed in any one of the claims 1-4 and 7-9, wherein the binder phase of the
coating composition comprises amino-functional polysiloxane(s), epoxy-functional silane(s), and
adhesion promoting agent(s).

15. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the binder phase of the coating composition
comprises the combination of one or more amino-functional compounds of non-silicon origin and
one or more epoxy-functional compounds of non-silicon origin.
16. The method as claimed in any one of the claims 1-4 and 7-9, wherein the binder phase of the
coating composition comprises amino-functional silane(s). epoxy-functional polysiloxane(s), and
adhesion promoting agent(s).
17. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the binder phase of the coating composition
comprises the combination of one or more amino-functional compounds of non-silicon origin and
one or more epoxy-functional compounds of non-silicon origin.
18. The method as claimed in any one of the claims 1-2 and 5-9, wherein the binder phase of the
coating composition comprises amino-functional polysiloxane(s), adhesion promoting agent(s), and
the combination of one or more amino-functional compounds of non-silicon origin and one or more
epoxy-functional compounds of non-silicon origin.
19. The method as claimed in any one of the claims 1-2 and 5-9, wherein the binder phase of the
coating composition comprises epoxy-functional polysiloxane(s), adhesion promoting agent(s). and
the combination of one or more amino-functional compounds of non-silicon origin and one or more
epoxy-functional compounds of non-silicon origin.
20. The method as claimed in any one of the claims 1-2 and 7-9, wherein the binder phase of the
coating composition comprises amino-functional polysiloxane(s), adhesion promoting agent(s), and
epoxy-functional compound(s) of non-silicon origin.
21. The method as claimed in claim 20, wherein the binder phase of the coating composition
comprises amino-functional polysiloxane(s), epoxy-functional polysiloxane(s), adhesion promoting
agent(s), and epoxy-functional compound(s) of non-silicon origin.
22. A coating composition comprising (i) 0-60% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (ii) the
balance of a binder phase comprising:
1-90% by wet weight of one or more amino-functional compounds,
1-90% by wet weight of one or more epoxy-functional compounds, and
0.1-10 by wet weight of one or more adhesion promoting agents;
wherein the binder phase comprises at least two types, (a), (b), (c), of polysiloxane compounds

selected from the group consisting of:
(a) amino-functional polysiloxanes;
(b) epoxy-functional polysiloxanes including at least one epoxy-functional polysiloxane wherein the
polysiloxane backbone or side chains to the polysiloxane backbone include -OH groups or alkoxy
groups; and
(c) adhesion promoting agents selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-functional
polysiloxanes, hydroxyalkyl-functional polysiloxanes and C1-4-alkoxy-functional polysiloxanes.
23. A coating composition comprising (i) 0-60% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and
(ii) the balance of a binder phase comprising:
1 -90% by wet weight of one or more amino-functional compounds,
1 -90% by wet weight of one or more epoxy-functional compounds, and
0.1-10% by wet weight of one or more adhesion promoting agents;
wherein the binder phase comprises at least two types, (a), (b), (c), of polysiloxane compounds
selected from the group consisting of:
(a) amino-functional polysiloxanes:
(b) epoxy-functional polysiloxanes: and
(c) adhesion promoting agents selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-functional
polysiloxanes, hydroxyalkyl-functional polysiloxanes and C1-4-alkoxy-functional polysiloxanes.
24. The coating composition as claimed in claim 23, wherein the binder phase comprises
(a) amino-functional polysiloxane(s);
(b) epoxy-functional polysiloxane(s); and
(c) adhesion promoting agent(s) selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-functional
polysiloxanes, hydroxyalkyl-functional polysiloxanes and C1-4-alkoxy-functional polysiloxanes.
25. An article comprising a substrate, an epoxy-based coating on at least a part of the surface of said
substrate, a tie-coat on said epoxy-based coating, and a fouling release coating on said tie-coat,
wherein the binder phase of the tie coat is as defined in any one of the claims 1-21 and 22-24.


The instant invention discloses a method of coating a substrate for establishing a
fouling-release coating system, the method comprising:
(A) applying a coating composition to at least a part of the surface of said substrate thereby
establishing a tie-coat on said substrate, wherein said coating composition comprises (i) 0- 5
60% by wet weight of pigments and fillers; and (ii) the balance of a binder phase
comprising:
1-90% by wet weight of one or more amino-functional compounds,
1-90% by wet weight of one or more epoxy-functional compounds, and
0-20% by wet weight of one or more adhesion promoting agents;
wherein the binder phase comprises at least two types, (a), (b), (c), of polysiloxane
compounds selected from the group consisting of:
(a) amino-functional polysiloxanes;
(b) epoxy-functional polysiloxanes; and
(c) adhesion promoting agents selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-functional
polysiloxanes, hydroxyalkyl-functional polysiloxanes and C1-4-alkoxy-functional
polysiloxanes;
and
(B) applying a second coating composition onto said tie-coat thereby establishing the
fouling release coating on said substrate.

Documents:

01020-kolnp-2006 abstract.pdf

01020-kolnp-2006 claims.pdf

01020-kolnp-2006 correspondence others.pdf

01020-kolnp-2006 description (complete).pdf

01020-kolnp-2006 form-1.pdf

01020-kolnp-2006 form-3.pdf

01020-kolnp-2006 form-5.pdf

01020-kolnp-2006 international publication.pdf

01020-kolnp-2006 international search report.pdf

01020-kolnp-2006 pct form.pdf

01020-kolnp-2006 priority document.pdf

01020-kolnp-2006-assignment.pdf

01020-kolnp-2006-correspondence others-1.1.pdf

01020-kolnp-2006-correspondence-1.2.pdf

01020-kolnp-2006-form-18.pdf

01020-kolnp-2006-form-3-1.1.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-ABSTRACT 1.1.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-ASSIGNMENT 1.1.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-ASSIGNMENT.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-CANCELLED PAGES.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-CLAIMS 1.1.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-CORRESPONDENCE 1.1.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-CORRESPONDENCE-1.2.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-CORRESPONDENCE.1.3.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-EXAMINATION REPORT.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-FORM 1.1.1.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-FORM 13 1.1.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-FORM 13.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-FORM 18.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-FORM 3.1.1.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-FORM 3.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-FORM 5.1.1.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-FORM 5.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-FORM-27.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-GRANTED-ABSTRACT.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-GRANTED-CLAIMS.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-GRANTED-DESCRIPTION (COMPLETE).pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-GRANTED-FORM 1.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-GRANTED-SPECIFICATION.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-OTHERS 1.1.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-OTHERS.1.1.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-OTHERS.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-PA.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-PETITION UNDER RULE 137.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-REPLY TO EXAMINATION REPORT.pdf

1020-KOLNP-2006-TRANSLATED COPY OF PRIORITY DOCUMENT.pdf


Patent Number 250367
Indian Patent Application Number 1020/KOLNP/2006
PG Journal Number 52/2011
Publication Date 30-Dec-2011
Grant Date 29-Dec-2011
Date of Filing 20-Apr-2006
Name of Patentee HEMPEL A/S
Applicant Address LUNDTOFTEVEJ 150, DK-2800 LYNGBY, DENMARK
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 GRONLUND SCHOLTEN, MARTIN ANDREAS CHRISTIANSGAVE 6, DK-2960, RUNGSTED KYST
2 OXFELDT ANDERSEN, ANNIE JEBJERG ALLE 15, DK-2730 HERLEV
3 JUUL NIELSEN, ALLAN MAGNOLIEVANGEN 69, DK-3450 ALLEROD
4 WEINRICH THORLAKSEN, PETER, CHRISTIAN FUGLEGARDSVAENGET 86, ST.TV. DK-2820 GENTOFTE
PCT International Classification Number C09D 5/16
PCT International Application Number PCT/DK2004/000415
PCT International Filing date 2004-06-15
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 PA2003 01458 2003-10-03 Denmark