Title of Invention | "AN ELECTROMAGNETIC GENERATOR" |
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Abstract | An electromagnetic generator (10, 130, 150, 170) without moving parts includes a permanent magnet (12, 154, 174) and a magnetic core (16, 132, 156) including first and second magnetic paths (18, 20). A first input coil (26, 166) and a first output coil (29, 135, 152, 178) extend around portions of the first magnetic path (18), while a second input coil (28, 138, 168) and a second output coil (30, 135, 153, 178) extend around portions of the second magnetic path (20). The input coil (26, 28, 138, 168) are alternatively pulsed to provide induced current pulses in the second output coil (29, 30, 135, 152, 153, 178). Driving electrical current through each of the input coils (26, 28, 138, 166, 168) reduces a level of flux from the permanent magnet (12, 154, 174) within the magnetic path around which the input coil extends. |
Full Text | Technical Field This invention relates to an electromagnetic generator used to produce electrical power without moving parts, and, more particularly, to such a device having a capability, when operating, of producing electrical power without an external application of input power through input coils. Background Art The patent literature describes a number of magnetic generators, each of which includes a permanent magnet, two magnetic paths external to the permanent magnet, each of which extends between the opposite poles of the permanent magnet, switching means for causing magnetic flux to flow alternately along each of the two magnetic paths, and one or more output coils in which current is induced to flow by means of changes in the magnetic field within the device. These devices operate in accordance with, an extension of Faraday's Law, indicating that an electrical current is induced within a conductor within a changing magnetic field, even if the source of the magnetic field is stationary. A method for switching magnetic flux to flow predominantly along either of two magnetic paths between opposite poles of a permanent magnet is described AS A "FLUX TRANSFER'TRTNCIPLE by R. J. Radus in Engineer's Digest, July 23,1963. This principle is used to exert a powerful magnetic force at one end of botfi the north and south poles and a very low force at the other end, without being used in the construction of a magnetic generator. This effect can be caused mechanically, by keeper movement, or electrically, by driving electrical current through one or more control windings extending around elongated versions of the pole pieces 14. Several devices using this effect are described in U. S. Pat. Nos. 3,165, 723,3, 228,013, and 3,316, 514, which are incorporated herein by reference. Another step toward the development of a magnetic generator is described in U. S. Pat. No. 3,368, 141, which is incorporated herein by reference, as a device including a permanent magnet in combination with a transformer having first and second windings about a core, with two paths for magnetic flux leading from each pole of the permanent magnet to either end of the core, so that, when an alternating current induces magnetic flux direction changes in the core, the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet is automatically directed through the path which corresponds with the direction taken by the magnetic flux through the core due to the current. In this way, the magnetic flux is intensified. This device can be used to improve the power factor of a typically inductively loaded alternating current circuit. Other patents describe magnetic generators in which electrical current from one or more output coils is described as being made available to drive a load, in the more conventional manner of a generator. For example, U. S. Pat. No. 4,00fc, 401, which is incorporated herein by reference, describes an electromagnetic generator including permanent magnet and a core member, in which the magnetic flux flowing from the magnet in the core member is rapidly alternated by switching to generate an alternating current in a winding on the core member. The device includes a permanent magnet and two separate magnetic flux circuit paths between the north and south poles of the mang net. Each of the circuit paths includes two switching means for alternately opening and closing the circuit paths, generating an alternating current in a winding on the core member. Each of the switching means includes a switching magnetic circuit intersecting the circuit path, with the switching magnetic circuit having a coil through which current is driven to induce magnetic flux to saturate the circuit path extending to the permanent magnet. Power to drive these coils is derived directly from the output of a continuously applied alternating current source. What is needed is an electromagnetic generator not requiring the application of such a current source. U S. Pat. No. 4,077, 001, which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a magnetic generator, or dc/dc converter, comprising a permanent magnet having spaced-apart poles and a permanent magnetic field extending between the poles of the magnet. A variable-reluctance core is disposed in the field in fixed relation to the magnet and the reluctance of the core is varied to cause the pattern of lines of force of the magnetic field to shift. An output conductor ' is disposed in the field in fixed relation to the magnet and is positioned to be cut by the shifting lines of permanent magnetic force so that a voltage is induced in the conductor. The magnetic flux is switched between alternate paths by means of switching coils extending . around portions of the core, with the flow of current being alternated between these A switching coils by means of a pair of transistors driven by the outputs of a flip-flop. The input to the flip flop is driven by an adjustable frequency oscillator. Power for this drive circuit is supplied through an additional, separate power source. What is needed is a magnetic generator not requiring the application of such a power source. LJ. S. Pat. No._4.904, 926. which is incorporated herein by reference, describes another magnetic generator using the motion of a magnetic field. The device includes an electrical winding defining a magnetically conductive zone having bases at each end, the winding including elements for the removing of an induced current therefrom. The GENERATORFURTHER INCLUDES two pole magnets, each having a first and a second pole, each first pole in magnetic communication with one base of the magnetically conductive zone. The generator further includes a third pole magnet, the third pole magnet oriented intermediately of the first poles of the two pole electromagnets, the third pole magnet having a magnetic axis substantially transverse to an axis of the magnetically conductive zone, the third magnet having a pole nearest to the conductive zone and in magnetic attractive relationship to the first poles of the two pole electromagnets, in which the first poles thereof are like poles. Also included in the generator are elements, in the form of windings, for cyclically reversing the magnetic polarities of the electromagnets. These reversing means, through a cyclical change in the magnetic polarities of the electromagnets, cause the magnetic flux lines associated with the magnetic attractive relationship between the first poles of the electromagnets and the nearest pole of the third magnet to correspondingly reverse, causing a wiping effect across the magnetically conductive zone, as lines of magnetic flux swing between respective first poles of the two electromagnets, thereby inducing electron movement within the output windings and thus generating a flow of current within the output windings. I '. S. Pat. No. 5,221, 892, which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a magnetic generator in the form of a direct current flux compression transformer including a magnetic envelope having poles defining a magnetic axis and characterized by a pattern of magnetic flux lines in polar symmetry about the axis. The magnetic flux lines are spatially displaced relative to the magnetic envelope using control elements which are mechanically stationary relative to the core. Further provided are inductive elements which are also mechanically stationary relative to the magnetic envelope. Spatial displacement of the flux relative to the inductive elements causes a flow of electrical current. Further provided are magnetic flux valves which provide for the varying of the magnetic reluctance to create a time domain pattern of respectively enhanced and decreased magnetic reluctance across the magnetic valves, and, thereby, across the inductive elements. Other patents describe devices using superconductive elements to cause movement of the magnetic flux. These devices operate in accordance with the Meissner effect, which describes the expulsion of magnetic flux from the interior of a superconducting structure as the structure undergoes the transition to a superconducting phase. For example, U. S. Pat. No. 5,011, 821, which is incorporated herein-by reference, describes an electric power generating device including a bundle of conductors which are placed in a magnetic field generated by north and south pole pieces of a permanent magnet. The magnetic field is shifted back and forth through the bundle of conductors by a pair of thin films of superconductive material. One of the thin films is placed in the superconducting state while the other thin film is in a non-superconducting state. As the states are cyclically reversed between the two films, the magnetic field is deflected back and forth through the bundle of conductors. i U. S. Pat. No. 5,327, 015, which is incorporated herein by reference, describes an apparatus ' for producing an electrical impulse comprising a tube made of superconducting material, a source of magnetic flux mounted about one end of the tube, a means, such as a coil, for intercepting the flux mounted along the tube, and a means for changing the temperature of the superconductor mounted about the tube. As the tube is progressively made superconducting, the magnetic field is trapped within the tube, creating an electrical impulse in the means for intercepting. A reversal of the superconducting state produces a second pulse. None of the patented devices described above use a portion of the electrical power generated within the device to power the reversing means used to change the path of magnetic flux. Thus, like conventional rotary generators, these devices require a steady input of power, which may be in the form of electrical power driving the reversing means of one of these magnetic generators or the torque driving the rotor of a conventional rotary generator. Yet, the essential function of the magnetic portion of an electrical generator is simply to switch magnetic fields in accordance with precise timing. In most conventional applications of magnetic generators, the voltage is switched across coils, creating magnetic fields in the coils which are used to override the fields of permanent magnets, so that a substantial amount of power must be furnished to the generator to power the switching means, reducing the efficiency of the generator. Recent advances in magnetic material, which have particularly been described by Robert C. O'Handley in Modem Magnetic Materials, Principles and Applications, John WILEY & Sons, New York, pp. 456-468, provide NANOCRYSTALLINE magnetic alloys, which are particularly well suited for the rapid switching of magnetic flux. These alloys are primarily composed of crystalline grains, or crystallites, each of which has at least one dimension of a lew nanometers. NANOCRYSTALLINE materials may be made by heat-treating amorphous alloys which form precursors for the NANOCRYSTALLINE materials, to which insoluble elements, such as copper, are added to promote massive nucleation, and to which stable, refractory alloying materials, such as niobium or tantalum carbide are added to inhibit grain growth. Most of the volume of NANOCRYSTALLINE alloys is composed of randomly distributed crystallites having dimensions of about 2-40 nm. These crystallites are nucleated and grown from an amorphous phase, with insoluble elements being rejected during the process of crystallite growth. In magnetic terms, each crystallite is a single-domain particle. The remaining volume of NANOCRYSTALLINE alloys is made up of an amorphous phase in the form of grain boundaries having a thickness of about 1 nm. Magnetic materials having particularly useful properties are formed from an amorphous Co-Nb-B (cobalt-niobium-boron) alloy having near-zero magnetostriction and relatively strong magnetization, as well as good mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. A process of annealing this material can be varied to change the size of crystallites formed in the material, with a resulting strong effect on DC coercivity. The precipitation of nanocrystallites also enhances AC performance of the otherwise amorphous alloys. Other magnetic materials are formed using iron-rich amorphous and NANOCRYSTALLINE alloys, which generally show larger magnetization that the alloys based on cobalt. Such materials are, for example, Fe-B-Si-Nb-Cu (iron-boron- silicon-niobium-copper) alloys. While the permeability of iron-rich amorphous alloys is limited by their relatively large levels of magnetostriction, the formation of a NANOCRYSTALLINE material from such an amorphous alloy dramatically reduces this level of magnetostriction, favoring easy magnetization. Advances have also been made in the development of materials for permanent magnets, particularly in the development of materials including rare earth elements. Such materials include samarium cobalt, SmCo5, which is used to form a permanent magnet material having the highest resistance to demagnetization of any known material. Other magnetic materials are made, for example, using combinations of iron, neodymium, and boron. Disclosure of Invention It is a first objective of the present invention to provide a magnetic generator which a need for an external power source during operation of the generator is eliminated. It is a second objective of the present invention to provide a magnetic generator in which a magnetic flux path is changed without a need to overpower a magnetic field to change its direction. It is a third objective of the present invention to provide a magnetic generator in which the generation of electricity is accomplished without moving parts. In the apparatus of the present invention, the path of the magnetic flux from, a Pennanent magnet is switched in a manner not requiring the overpowering of the mangeetic field Furthermore, a process of self-initiated iterative switching is used to switch the with the from the permanent magnet between alternate magnetic paths within the appara us, w power to operate the iterative switching being provided through a control cncuit con component's known to use low levels of power. With -lining for an external power source during operation of the generator is eliminated, with a scpaiate pow such as a battery, being used only for a very short time during start-up of the generator. According to a first aspect of the present invention, an electromagnetic generator is provided, including a permanent magnet, a magnetic core, first and second input coils, first and second output coils, and a switching circuit. The permanent magnet has magnetic poles at opposite ends. The magnetic core includes a first magnetic path, around which the first input and output coils extend, and a second magnetic path, around which the second input and output coils extend, between opposite ends of the permanent magnet. The switching circuit drives eiectrical current alternately through the first and second input coils. The electrical current driven through the first input oil causes the first input coil to produce a magnetic field opposing a concentration of magnetic flux from the permanent magnet within the first magnetic path. The electrical current driven through the second input coil causes the second input coil to produce a magnetic field opposing a concentration of magnetic flux from the permanent magnet within the second magnetic path. According to another aspect of the present invention, an electromagnetic generator is provided, including a magnetic core, a plurality of permanent magnets, first and second pluralities of input coils, a plurality of output coils, and a switching circuit. The magnetic core includes a pair of spaced-apart plates, each of which has a central aperture, and first and second pluralities of posts extending between the spaced-apart plates. The permanent magnets each extend between the pair of spaced apart plates. Each permanent magnet has magnetic poles at opposite ends, with the magnetic fields of all the permanent magnets being aligned to extend in a common direction. Each input coil extends around a portion of a plate within the spaced-apart plates, between a post and a permanent magnet. An output coil extends around each post. The switching circuit drives electrical current alternately through the first and second pluralities of input coils. Electrical current driven through each input coil in the first plurality of input coils causes an increase in magnetic flux within each post within the first plurality of posts from permanent magnets on each side of the post and a decrease in magnetic flux within each post within the. second plurality of posts from permanent magnets on each side of the post. Electrical current driven through each input coil in the second plurality of input coils causes a decrease in magnetic flux within each post within the first plurality of posts from permanent magnets on each side of the post and an increase in magnetic flux within each post within the second plurality of posts from permanent magnets on each side of the post. According to the present invention there is provided an electromagnetic generator comprising: a permanent magnet having magnetic poles at opposite ends; a magnetic core including first and second magnetic paths between said opposite ends of said permanent magnet; a first input coil extending around a portion of said first magnetic path , a second input coil extending around a portion of said second magnetic path, a first output coil extending around a portion of said first magnetic path for providing a first electrical output; a second output coil extending around a portion of said second magnetic path for providing a second electrical output; and a switching circuit driving electrical current alternately through said first and second input coils, wherein said electrical current driven through said first input coil causes said first input coil to produce a magnetic field opposing a concentration of magnetic flux from said permanent magnet within said first magnetic path, and wherein said electrical current driven through said second input coil causes said second input coil to produce a magnetic field opposing a concentration of magnetic flux from said permanent magnet within said second magnetic path, characterized in that said electromagnetic generator is configured such that a portion of electrical power induced in said first output coil provides power to drive said switching circuit in use. According to the present invention there is also provided a method of operating an electromagnetic generator, the electromagnetic generator comprising: a permanent magnet having magnetic poles at opposite ends; a magnetic core including first and second magnetic paths between said opposite ends of said permanent magnet; a first input coil extending around a portion of said first magnetic path, a second input coil extending around a portion of said second magnetic path, a first out put coil extending around a portion of said first magnetic path for providing a first electrical output; a second output coil extending around a portion of said second magnetic path for providing a second electrical output; and a switching circuit for driving electrical current alternately through said first and second input coils; the method comprising driving electrical current alternately through the first and second output coils using said switching circuit; wherein said electrical current driven through said first input coil causes said first input coil to produce a magnetic field opposing a concentration of magnetic flux from said permanent magnet within said first magnetic path, and wherein said electrical current driven through said second input coil causes said second input coil to produce a magnetic field opposing a concentration of magnetic flux from said permanent magnet within said second magnetic path; characterized in that said method comprises using a portion of the electrical power induced in said first output coil to provide power to drive said switching circuit in use. Brief Description of Drawings FIG. 1 is a partly schematic front elevation of a magnetic generator and associated electrical circuits built in accordance with a first version of the first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first version of a switching and control circuit within the associated electrical circuits of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a graphical view of drive signals produced within the circuit of FIG. 2; FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a second version of a switching and control circuit within the associated electrical circuits of FIG. 1; FIG. 5 is a graphical view of drive signals produced within the circuit of FIG. 3; FIG. 6A is a graphical view of a first drive signal within the apparatus of FIG. 1; FIG. 6B is a graphical view of a second drive signal within the apparatus of FIG. 1; FIG. 6C is a graphical view of an input voltage signal within the apparatus of FIG. 1; FIG. 6D is a graphical view of an input current signal within the apparatus of FIG. 1; FIG. 6E is a graphical view of a first output voltage signal within the apparatus of FIG. 1; FIG. 6F is a graphical view of a second output voltage signal within the apparatus of FIG. 1; FIG. 6G is a graphical view of a first output current signal within the apparatus of FIG. 1; FIG. 6H is a graphical view of a second output current signal within the apparatus of FIG. 1; FIG. 7 is a graphical view of output power measured within the apparatus of FIG. 1, as a function of input voltage ; FIG. 8 is a graphical view of a coefficient of performance, calculated from measurements within the apparatus of FIG. 1, as a function of input voltage; FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional elevation of a second version of the first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 10 is a top view of a magnetic generator built in accordance with a first version of a second embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 11 is a front elevation of the magnetic generator of FIG. 10; and FIG. 12 is a top view of a magnetic generator built in accordance with a second version of the second embodiment of the present invention. Modes for Carrying Out the Invention FIG. 1 is a partly schematic front elevation of an electromagnetic generator 10, built in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention to include a permanent magnet 12 to supply input lines of magnetic flux moving from the north pole 14 of the magnet 12 outward into magnetic flux path core material 16. The flux path core material 16 is configured to form a right magnetic path 18 and a left magnetic path 20, both of which extend externally between the north pole 14 and the south pole 22 of the magnet 12. The electromagnetic generator 10 is driven by means of a switching and control circuit 24, which alternately drives electrical current through a right input coil 26 and a left input coil 28. These input coils 26,28 each extend around a portion of the core material 16, with the right input coil 26 surrounding a portion of the right magnetic path 18 and with the left input coil 28 surrounding a portion of the left magnetic path 20. A right output coil 29 also surrounds a portion of the right magnetic path 18, while a left output coil 30 surrounds a portion of the left magnetic path 20. In accordance with a preferred version of the present invention, the switching and control circuit 24 and the input coils 26,28 are arranged so that, when the right input coil 26 is energized, a north magnetic pole is present at its left end 31, the end closest to the north pole 14 of the permanent magnet 12, and so that, when the left input coil 28 is energized, a north magnetic pole is present at its right end 32, which is also the end closest to the north pole 14 of the permanent magnet 12. Thus, when the right input coil 26 is magnetized, magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 12 is repelled from extending through the right input coil 26. Similarly, when the left input coil 28 is magnetized, magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 12 is repelled from extending through the left input coil 28. Thus, it is seen that driving electrical current through the right input coil 26 opposes a concentration of flux from the permanent magnet 12 within the right magnetic path 18, causing at least some of this flux to be transferred to the left magnetic path 20.-ON the other hand, driving electrical current through the left input coil 28 opposes a concentration of flux from the permanent magnet 12 within the left magnetic path 20, causing at least some of this flux to be transferred to the right magnetic path 18. While in the example of FIG. 1, the input coils 26,28 are placed on either side of the north pole of the permanent magnet 12, being arranged along a portion of the core 16 extending from the north pole of the permanent magnet 12, it is understood that the input coils 26,28 could as easily be alternately placed on either side of the south pole of the permanent magnet 12, being arranged along a portion of the core 16 extending from the south pole of the permanent magnet 12, with the input coils 26,28 being wired to form, when energized, magnetic fields having south poles directed toward the south pole of the permanent magnet 12. In general, the input coils 26,28 are arranged along the magnetic core on either side of an end of the permanent magnet forming a first pole, such as a north pole, with the input coils being arranged to produce magnetic fields of the polarity of the first pole directed toward the first pole of the permanent magnet. further in accordance with a preferred version of the present invention, the input coils 26,28 are never driven with so much current that the core material 16 becomes saturated. Driving the core material 16 to saturation means that subsequent increases in input current can occur without effecting corresponding changes in magnetic flux, and therefore that input power can be wasted. In this way, the apparatus of the present invention is provided with an advantage in terms of the efficient use of input power over the apparatus of U. S. Patent No. 4,000, 401, in which a portion both ends of each magnetic path is driven to saturation to block flux flow. In the electromagnetic generator 10, the switching of current flow within the input coils 26,28 does not need to be sufficient to stop the flow of flux in one of the magnetic paths 18,20 while promoting the flow of magnetic flux in the other magnetic path. The electromagnetic generator 10 works by changing the flux pattern; it does not need to be completely switched from one side to another. Experiments have determined that this configuration is superior, in terms of the efficiency of using power within the input coils 26, 28 TO generate electrical power within the output coils 29,30, to the alternative of arranging input coils and the circuits driving them so that flux from the permanent magnet is driven through the input coils as they are energized. This arrangement of the present invention provides a significant advantage over the prior-art methods shown, for example, in U. S. Pat. No. 4,077, 001, in which the magnetic flux is driven through the energized coils. The configuration of the present invention also has an advantage over the prior-art configurations of U. S. Pat. Nos. 3,368, 141 and 4,077, 001 in that the magnetic flux is switched between two alternate magnetic paths 18,20 with only a single input coil 26,28 surrounding each of the alternate magnetic paths. The configurations of U. S. Pat. Nos. 3.368, 141 and 4,077, 001 each require two input coils on each of the magnetic paths. This advantage of the present invention is significant both in the simplification of hardware and in increasing the efficiency of power conversion. The right output coil 29 is electrically connected to a rectifier and filter 33, having an output driven through a regulator 34, which provides an output voltage adjustable through the use of a potentiometer 35. The output of the linear regulator 34 is in turn provided as an input to a sensing and switching circuit 36. Under start up conditions, the sensing and switching circuit 36 connects the switching and control circuit 24 to an external power source 38, which is, for example, a starting battery. After the electromagnetic generator 10 is properly started, the sensing and switching circuit 36 senses that the voltage available from regulator 34 has reached a predetermined level, so that the power input to the switching and control circuit 24 is switched from the external power source 38 to the output of regulator 34. After this switching occurs, the electromagnetic generator 10 continues to operate without an application of external power. Hie left output coil 30 is electrically connected to a rectifier and filter 40. the output of which is connected to a regulator 42, the output voltage of which is adjusted by means of a potentiometer 43. The output of the regulator 42 is in turn connected to an external load 44. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first version of the switching and control circuit 24. An oscillator 50 drives the clock input of a flip-flop 54, with the Q and Q'outputs of the flip-flop 54 being connected through driver circuits 56,58 to power FETS 60,62 so that the input coils 26,28 are alternately driven. In accordance with a preferred version of the present invention, the voltage V applied to the coils 26,28 through the FETS 60,62 is derived from the output of the sensing and switching circuit 36. FIG. 3 is a graphical view of the signals driving the gates of FETS 60,62 of FIG. 2, with the voltage of the signal driving the gate of FET 60 being represented by line 64, and with the voltage of the signal driving FET 62 being represented by line 66. Both of the coils 26,28 are driven with positive voltages. FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a second version of the switching and control circuit 24. In this version, an oscillator 70 drives the clock input of a flip- flop 72, with the Q and Q'outputs of the flip-flop 72 being connected to serve as triggers for one-shots 74,76. The outputs of the one-shots 74,76 are in turn connected through driver circuits 78,80 to drive FETS 82,84, so that the input coils 26,28 are alternately driven with pulses shorter in duration than the Q and Q'outputs of the flip flop 72. FIG. 5 is a graphical view of the signals driving the gates of FETS 82,84 of FIG. 4, with the voltage of the signal driving the gate of FET 82 being represented by line 86, and with the voltage of the signal driving the gate of FET 84 being represented by line 88. Referring again to FIG. 1, power is generated in the right output coil 29 only when the level of magnetic flux is changing in the right magnetic path 18, and in the left output coil 30 only when the level of magnetic flux is changing in the left magnetic path 20. It is therefore desirable to determine, for a specific magnetic generator configuration, the width of a pulse providing the most rapid practical change in magnetic flux, and then to provide this pulse width either by varying the frequency of the oscillator 50 of the apparatus of FIG. 2, so that this pulse width is provided with the signals shown in FIG. 3, or by varying the time constant of the one-shots 74,76 of FIG. 4, so that this pulse width is provided by the signals of FIG. 5 at a lower oscillator frequency. In this way, the input coils are not left on longer than necessary. When either of the input coils is left on for a period of time longer than that necessary to produce the change in flux direction, power is being wasted through heating within the input coil without additional generation of power in the corresponding output coil. A number of experiments have been conducted to determine the adequacy of an electromagnetic generator built as the generator 10 in FIG. 1 to produce power both to drive the switching and control logic, providing power to the input coils 26,28, and to drive an external load 44. In the configuration used in this experiment, the input coils 26,28 had 40 turns of 18-gauge copper wire, and the output coils 29,30 had 450 turns of 18-gauge copper wire. The permanent magnet 12 had a height of 40 mm (1.575 in. between its north and SOUTH POLES, IN THE DIRECTION OF ARROW 89, A WIDTH OF 25.4 MM (1.00 IN. ), IN THE DIRECTION OF ARROW 90, AND IN THE OTHER DIRECTION, A DEPTH OF 38.1 MM (1.50 IN. ). THE CORE 16 HAD A HFfGHT, IN THE DIRECTION OF ARROW 89, OF 90 MM (3.542 IN. ), A |
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1527-delnp-2004-claims cancelled.pdf
1527-delnp-2004-complete specification(granted).pdf
1527-delnp-2004-correspondence-others.pdf
1527-delnp-2004-correspondence-po.pdf
1527-delnp-2004-description (complete).pdf
1527-delnp-2004-petition-137.pdf
Patent Number | 245757 | ||||||||
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Indian Patent Application Number | 1527/DELNP/2004 | ||||||||
PG Journal Number | 05/2011 | ||||||||
Publication Date | 04-Feb-2011 | ||||||||
Grant Date | 31-Jan-2011 | ||||||||
Date of Filing | 02-Jun-2004 | ||||||||
Name of Patentee | PATRICK, STEPHEN, LEROY | ||||||||
Applicant Address | 2611 WOODVIEW DRIVE, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35801, U.S.A. | ||||||||
Inventors:
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PCT International Classification Number | H02K 53/00 | ||||||||
PCT International Application Number | PCT/US01/43416 | ||||||||
PCT International Filing date | 2001-11-06 | ||||||||
PCT Conventions:
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