Title of Invention

"A BARREL TYPE OIL EXPELLER WITH IMPROVED HEAT REDUCTION FACILITY

Abstract A barrel type oil expeller with improved heat reduction facility, wherein the barrel being essentially formed by a plurality of removably fixed lengths of nolle w cage-bars. The hollow cage bars acting as channels for passing coolant, thus enabling faster dissipation of heat generated during crushing of oil seeds to produce oil. Resulting in lowering of the temperature inside the barrel, thus facilitating enzymatic activity and resulting in retention of the desired level of pungency in the oil produced.
Full Text This invention relates to a barrel type oil expeller with improved heat reduction facility. The present invention particularly relates to built-in heat reduction facility in oil producing barrel of oil expeller.
Oil expellers are mechanical pressure producing barrel shaped machines which processes meals (oil-seeds), that is , the oil-bearing vegetable seeds like mustard seeds, inside this barrel with the help of mechanical pressure producing elements like a screw that travel along the axis of the barrel in such a manner that the gradual volume reduction process of the seeds generates great crushing pressure, of the order of, 4.3 kg/sq.mm, on the seeds and that process releases oil from the seeds (meal). The released oil from the meal accumulates along the interface-void (slotted space at the inner surface of the barrel) between the inner surface of the barrel and the outer surface of the pressure producing mechanical element ,that is, the screw. The produce from this process are normally, the oil and the oil-cake. Normally in practice, the efficiency of the oil producing expeller is counted on its ability to produce good pungency in the oil and less residual oil in the oil-cake. This pungency is as a result of favourable enzymatic activity during oil production. As expected, since the production process takes place in a mechanically generated high pressure domain, presence of heat of the order of 80 to 100 degree Centigrade is common. This temperature is not favourable for the retention of good pungency that is correlated with the helpful enzymatic activity. So an important technical problem here is the build up of heat inside the oil expeller barrel which is made up of a plurality of slotted static elements called cage bars. A possible solution to this problem could be efficient removal of heat from the slotted zone of the barrel, that is, the inside surface zone of the barrel. In the present invention such a facility has been created

in this oil-production-zone by suitably modifying the slot-creating static elements which are called cage bars.
In the public domain conventional oil expellers have oil producing barrels which consists of a plurality of cage-bars fixed in a manner so as to form a cylindrical barrel. An embodiment of this is depicted in figure 1 of the drawings accompanying this specification, which shows a sectional view of the barrel. In the figure, part (A) is the plurality of cftge bars which form the inner surface of the barrel. The cage bars (A) are held in place by slotted rings (4).
In this set-up the dissipation of heat is through normal ambient cooling and this takes time during which the temperature remains high, which is undesirable as it hampers the enzymatic activity which is necessary for the retention of good pungency in the extracted oil.
In order to help reduce the heat build-up and to maintain the oil producing barrel temperature within acceptable levels, we had devised a cooling jacket surrounding the exterior of the barrel. An embodiment of this is shown in figure 2 of the drawings accompanying this specification, which shows a sectional view of the barrel and cooling jacket (B).
In this improvement the cooling jacket is provided with means for passing cooling water to extract heat from the oil. But in such method, water passes through the barrel-chamber plate that comes in contact with the cage bars. As because the cage bars are directly in contact with the hot-zone, that is , the produced oil, the heat transfer condition is not good, for, the route of heat transfer is from the oil to the cage bar to the chamber plate to the cooling water. Due to this unfavourable route of heat propagation, rate of heat

transfer is not good, thus it takes time before the acceptable temperature is attained, making the pungency of the oil not good enough. In such situation the outlet temperature of cooling water is around 45 to 50 degree Centigrade.
To achieve the desired pungency in the extracted oil, the moisture of the seed and the temperature range in which the seeds are to be crushed are very critical parameters. The favourable conditions activate the enzyme myrosinase present in the mustard seeds which hydrolyses the glucosinolates present in the mustard seeds into iso-thiocynate (essential oil) which is responsible for pungency in mustard oil.
Thus there is need and scope of improving the heat extraction rate to bring down the temperature to a level which allows favourable enzymatic activity and eventually to improve the pungency of the extracted oil.
The main object of the present invention is to provide a barrel type oil expeller with improved heat reduction facility in oil producing barrel of oil expeller, which obviates the drawbacks as detailed above.
Another object of the present invention is to make barrel type oil expellers more efficient in producing pungency in the extracted oil.
Still another object of the present invention is to improve the cooling efficiency of barrel type expellers suitable not only for the extraction of oil from conventional mustard seeds but also other kinds of oil bearing conventional and unconventional seeds.
A further object of the present invention is to provided hollow cage bars which constitute the main internal surface of the barrel and allows passage of coolant thus enabling quick cooling and maintaining the required temperature for achieving the desired pungency in the extracted oil.

In the present invention there is provided a barrel type oil expeller with improved heat reduction facility, wherein the barrel being essentially formed by a plurality of removably fined lengths of hollow cage-bars. The hollow cage bars acting as channels for passing cpolant, thus enabling faster dissipation of heat generated during crushing of oil seeds to produce oil. Resulting in lowering of the temperature inside the barrel, thus facilitating enzymatic activity and resulting in retention of the desired level of pungency in the oil produced.
In figures 3, 4 and 5 of the drawings accompanying this specification the details of the present invention have been given.
Figure 3 represents the 'cross section' of the mid-section of the oil expeller. Figure 4 represents a cross section of a cage-bar showing the hollow channel. Figure 5 represents the 'cut out' total view of an embodiment of the barrel, lengthwise, that is, along its horizontal axis, when, in this case, the lower half of the barrel has been exposed in this figure, removing the 'exactly same half upper portion of the barrel. These figures 3 to 5 reveal the total construction of the barrel which when furnished with the mechanical screw press inside, acts as the oil expeller. The present invention is related to the special construction of this barrel having the inside surface provided with hollow channels for the flow of cooling medium, normally, water, but, can be any suitable coolant fluid. The following parts list provides the names of the parts as shown in Figures 3,4, and 5.
1. Flat Strip.
2. Covering Strip.
3. Welding Points.

4. Slotted Ring,
5. Semi Ring.
6. Semi Ring.
7. Plug.
8. Welding Points.
9. Welding Points.
10. Cooling Fluid Inlet Pipe
11. Cooling Fluid Outlet Pipe
12. Replaceable Cage Bars.
13. Countersink Head Screw with Hexagonal Socket.
14. Fabricated Structure.
15. Keys.
16. Hexagonal Socket Head Cap Screw.
17. Cooling fluid Inlet Connection.
18. Cooling fluid Outlet Connection.
19. Breaker Bar.
The present invention provides heat reduction facility in oil producing barrel of oil expeller as shown in figures 3, 4 and 5 and comprises a main fabricated structure (14) circular on the inside surface having semi rings (5) and (6) having circular outer surface, seated on the inside surface of the fabricated structure (14). The slotted ring (4) is positioned in-between the semi rings (5) and (6) as a spacer. The replaceable cage bars (12) creates the final inner surface of the barrel. The covering strips (2) are removably fixed on rings (4), (5) and (6) and meet the plug (7) at one end, thus, the flat strips (1)

along with covering strip (2) and the cage bar (12) forms hollow channels. The components (1),(2), & (12) are welded at locations (8),(9) and (3). The structural keys (15) are to close the end of the barrel. Cage bars (12) are secured with countersink head screws with Hexagonal socket (13) with the semi rings (5) and (6). The barrel is fitted with cooling fluid inlet pipes (10) and outlet pipes (11), wherein (17) being the cooling fluid inlet connection and (18) is the cooling fluid outlet connection. Hexagonal head cap screws (16) secures the structure (14) with semi-ring (5) and (6). The assemblage of the cage bars (12) create the inside cylindrical surface of the barrel. Breaker bars (19) helps to separate the upper and lower halves of the barrel, thus a complete length segment of the barrel of the oil expeller is formed. The segment may be repeated to increase the length of the parrel. Figure 5 of the drawings shows three such segments of the barrel-oil-expeller of the present invention.
Accordingljy the present invention provides a barrel type oil expeller with improved heat reduction facility, which comprises a conventional barrel type oil expeller having an oil producing barrel, characterized in that, the said barrel being essentially formed by a plurality of removably fixed lengths of hollow cage-bars having provision for coolant inlet and outlet.
In an embodiment of the present invention the cross section of the hollow cage-bars is such that it forms a coolant flow channel with the juxtaposition of three structural members such as a flat strip (1), a covering strip (2) and replaceable cage bar (12), wherein the said flat strip (1) being welded to covering strip (2) at locations (3) to enable formation of channel.

In another embodiment of the present invention the coolant inlet of the hollow cage bars being connected through a conventional coolant pump to a coolant reservoir and the coolant outlet of the hollow cage bars being connected through a conventional coolant radiator to the said reservoir.
An embodiment of the complete barrel of the oil expeller of the present invention is described below:
In Figure 5, the barrel consists of flat strips (1), (18 in numbers in the present model), slot milled on entire length and key way milled on the other side (on the entire length). A covering strip (2) welded on both sides at (3) throughout the length, to form a hollow cage bar. These welded joints are leak proof joints. These hollow cage bars are now placed in a slotted ring (4). This ring (4) also acts as fixture to hold hollow cage bars in place. These hollow cage bars are then placed in semi ring (5) & (6) and then welded at (8) from outer periphery and at (9) from inner periphery at both the ends. The rings (5&6) are grooved radially, to connect the water passage of each hollow cage bar for inlet and outlet connections (10) & (11) respectively. Initially the grooved rings (5&6) are cut into two halves from centre. The open ends of the grooved rings (5&6) are now plugged with plug (7) at four ends and completely welded to form a water tight joint. The inlet pipe (10) and outlet pipe (11) at each ends are screwed tightly. As shown in Figure 5, replaceable cage bars (12) are fixed, (which are 18 in numbers number in the present model), with the help of countersink head screws with hexagonal socket (13), at both the ends.
These water cooled cage bar chambers which are three in numbers, in the present embodiment, are placed horizontally in a fabricated structure (14) having keys (15),

which are screwed at place with hexagonal socket head cap screw (16) for protection from rotation under high radial pressure for crushing of seeds.
The complete structure so formed as shown in Figure 5 is called water coolant cooled cage bar dual chamber; lower half. A similar structure with above said features called water cooled cage bar dual chamber; upper half, is placed over the lower half to form barrel chamber and clamped on the spigots provided for this purpose, on the screw expeller. Depending upon the capacity of the barrel-design, the total number of cage bars will increase or decrease, making up the final diameter of the barrel.
The following examples are given by way of illustration of the present invention and should not be construed to limit the scope of the present invention. Example 1
Oil seeds (mustard) extraction was carried out using barrel type oil expeller. Without cooling facility, that is conventional oil expeller with conventional barrel of solid cage-bars, as shown in figure 1 of the drawings,
With cooling facility, that is oil expeller, of present invention, with improved heat reduction facility constituting oil producing barrel of hollow cage bars, as shown in figures, 3 to 5 of the drawings.
In a typical production system of one ton per day of oil seed (mustard seeds) processed, oil extraction was 260 kg, oil cake recovered was 430 kg. Losses due to material remaining in the chamber, 310 kg. Losses due to material remaining in the augurs (press tool), 310 kg. Upto this, the result was almost same , both in case (a) and (b) above, than is either without cooling arrangements or with improved cooling facility of the present invention. The barrel temperatures without cooling was 80 to 100 degree

Centigrade and that with improved cooling was 40 to 60 degree Centigrade. It was
observed that due to the lower temperature inside the barrel in case of improved cooling
of the present invention, the improvement in pungency level was of the order of 70 %.
Example 2
Oil seeds (mustard) extraction was carried out using barrel type oil expeller:
with cooling; facility, that is oil expeller with barrel having external peripheral cooling
jacket, as shown in fig. 2 of the drawings;
with improved cooling facility, that is oil expeller, of the present invention, having barrel
constituted of hollow cage bars, as shown in figures 3 to 5 of the drawings.
Processing was done for one ton of mustard seeds in 24 hours. Oil extracted was 260 kg.
Oil-cake recovered was 430 kg. Residual material in chamber 310 kg as loss. Residual
material remaining in augurs 310 kg as loss. Same result was available, in both cases (a)
and (b), that is with cooling (jacket cooling) and improved cooling facility of the present
invention. The barrel temperatures were in the range of 70 to 90 °C in case of (a) and 40
to 60 °C in case of (b).
It was observed that due to the lower temperature inside the barrel in case of improved
cooling of the present invention, the improvement in pungency level was of the order of
40 %.
The novelty of the barrel type oil expeller of the present invention with improved heat
reduction facility is that the pungency level of oil extracted is of a higher order, as has
been clearly brought out in the examples given above. The novelty of the present
invention has been made possible by the non-obvious inventive step of the assemblage of
hollow cage bars as the inside diameter of the barrel and that inside diameter/surface
which are in direct contact with the produce and the hot environment enabling cooling at
a faster rate due to passage of coolant, thus bringing down the barrel temperature to
enable favourable enzymatic activity and providing the desired pungency to the oil.
These hollow channels allow the coolant to extract heat generated inside the barrel of oil
expeller, at a faster rate due to proximal heat exchange to achieve better pungency in the
oil extracted.
The main advantages of the present invention are,
1. Pungency of the extracted oil improves to the order of 40 to 70 %.
2. Faster heat transfer condition has been created in the barrel, thus enabling better
enzymatic activity resulting in pungency of an higher order.
3. Easier maintenance possibility of the worn out inside components due to use of
replaceable cage bars.
4. Possibility for use of different types of cooling fluids, when required for specific
purpose, considenng the compatibility of the produce (type of oil) and the cooling
medium.



We claim:
1. A barrel rype oil expeller with improved heat reduction facility, which comprises a
conventional barrel type oil expeller having an oil producing barrel, characterised in
that, the said barrel being essentially formed by a plurality of removably fixed lengths
of hollow cage bars having provision for coolant inlet and outlet.
2. A barrel type oil expeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cross section of the
hollow cage-bars is such that it forms a coolant flow channel with the juxtaposition of
three structural members such as a flat strip (1), a covering strip (2) and replaceable
cage bar (12), wherein the said flat strip (1) being welded to covering strip (2) at
locations (3) to enable formation of channel.
3. A barrel type oil expeller as claimed in claims 1-2, wherein the coolant inlet of the
hollow cage bars being connected through a conventional coolant pump to a coolant
reservoir and the coolant outlet of the hollow cage bars being connected through a
conventional coolant radiator to the said reservoir.
4. A barrel type oil expeller with improved heat reduction facility, substantially as
herein described with reference to the examples and figures 3 to 5 of the drawings
accompanying this specification.

Documents:

701-del-2002-abstract.pdf

701-del-2002-claims.pdf

701-del-2002-correspondence-others.pdf

701-del-2002-correspondence-po.pdf

701-del-2002-description (complete).pdf

701-del-2002-drawings.pdf

701-del-2002-form-1.pdf

701-del-2002-form-18.pdf

701-del-2002-form-2.pdf

701-del-2002-form-3.pdf


Patent Number 242161
Indian Patent Application Number 701/DEL/2002
PG Journal Number 34/2010
Publication Date 20-Aug-2010
Grant Date 17-Aug-2010
Date of Filing 28-Jun-2002
Name of Patentee COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH
Applicant Address RAFI MARG NEW DELHI-110001 INDIA
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 SURINDER SING CMERI, DURGAPUR WB, INDIA PIN. 713209
2 RAKESH NIGAM CMERI, DURGAPUR WB, INDIA PIN. 713209
PCT International Classification Number B29B9/06
PCT International Application Number N/A
PCT International Filing date
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 NA