Title of Invention	" A COMPOSITION FOR ENHANCING AN IMMUNE RESPONSE"
Abstract	A composition for enhancing an immune response in an animal comprising: (a) a virus-like particle; (b) an immunostimulatory substance; wherein said immunostimulatory substance (b) is bound to said virus-like particle (a); and (c) an antigen, wherein said antigen is mixed with said virus-like particle (a).

Full Text

PACKAGED VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES FOR USE AS ADJUVANTS: METHOD OF PREPARATION AND USE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention is related to the fields of vaccinology, immunology and medicine. The invention provides compositions and methods for enhancing immunological responses against antigens mixed with vims-like particles (VLPs) packaged with immunostimulatory substances, preferably immunostimulatory nucleic acids, and even more preferably oligonucleotides containing at least one non-methylated CpG sequence. The invention can be used to induce strong antibody and T cell responses particularly useful for the treatment of allergies, tumors and chronic viral diseases as well as other chronic diseases. Related Art The essence of the immune system is built on two separate foundation pillars: one is specific or adaptive immunity which is characterized by relatively slow response-kinetics and the ability to remember; the other is non-specific or innate immunity exliibiting rapid response-kinetics but lacking memory. Lymphocytes are the key players of the adaptive immune system. Each lymphocyte expresses antigen-receptors of unique specificity. Upon recognizing an antigen via the receptor, lymphocytes proliferate and develop effector fimction. Few lymphocytes exhibit specificity for a given antigen or pathogen, and massive proliferation is usually required before an effector response can be measured - hence, the slow kinetics of the adaptive immune system. ' Since a significant proportion of the expanded lymphocytes survive and may maintain some effector function following elimination of the antigen, the adaptive immune system reacts faster when encountering the antigen a second time. This is the basis of its ability to remember. In contrast to the situation with lymphocytes, where specificity for a pathogen is confined to few cells that must expand to gain function, the cells and molecules of the innate immune system are usually present in massive numbers and recognize a limited number of uivariant features associated with pathogens (Medzhitov, R. and Janeway, C.A., Jr., Cell 91:295-298 (1997)). Examples of such patterns include lipopolysaccharides (LPS), non-methylated CG-rich DNA (CpG) or double stranded RNA, which are specific for bacterial and viral infections, respectively. Most research in immunology has focused on the adaptive immune system and only recently has the innate immune system entered the focus of interest. Historically, the adaptive and innate immune system were treated and analyzed as two separate entities that had little in common. Such was the disparity that few researchers wondered why antigens were much more immunogenic for the specific immime system when applied with adjuvants that stimulated innate immunity (Sotomayor, E. M., et al, Nat. Med 5:780 (1999); Diehl, L., etal, Nat. Med. 5:774 (1999); Weigle, W. 0.,Adv. Immunol. 30:159 (1980)). However, the answer posed by this question is critical to the understanding of the immune system and for comprehending the balance between protective immunity and autoimmunity. Rationalized manipulation of the innate immune system and in particular activation of APCs involved in T cell priming to deliberately induce a self-specific T cell response 20 provides a means for T cell-based tumor-therapy. Accordingly, the focus of most current therapies is on the use of activated dendritic cells (DCs) as antigen-carriers for the induction of sustained T cell responses (Nestle et al, Nat. Med. 4:32% (1998)). Similarly, in vivo activators of the innate immune system, such as CpGs or anti-CD40 antibodies, are applied together with tumor cells in order to enhance their immunogenicity (Sotomayor, E. M., et al, Nat. Med. 5:780 (1999); Diehl, L., et al, Nat. Med 5:774 (1999)). Generalized activation of APCs by factors that stimulate innate immunity may often be the cause for triggering self-specific lymphocytes and autoimmunity. This view is compatible with the observation that administration of LPS together with thyroid extracts is able to overcome tolerance and trigger autoimmune thyroiditis ("Weigle, W. O., Adv. Immunol JO: 159 (1980)). Moreover, in a transgenic mouse model, it was recently shown that administration of self-peptide immunity unless APCs were activated by a separate pa Exp. Med. 191:2021 (2000)). The link between innate immunity and autoimmune disease is fiuther underscored by the observation th^t LPS, viral infections or generalized activation of APCs delays ox prevents the establishment of peripheral tolerance (Vella, A. T., et al, Immunity 2:261 (1995); ]Ehl, S., et al., J. Exp. Med 187:163 (1998); Maxwell, J. R., et al, J. Immunol 162:2024 (1999)). In this way, innate immunity not only enhances the activation of self-specific lymphocytes but also inhibits their subsequent elimination. These findings may extend to tumor biology and the control of chronic viral diseases. Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses after immunization with minor histocompatibility antigens, such as the HY-antigen, requires the presence of T helper cells (Th cells) (Husmann, L. A., and M. J. Bevan, Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. 552:158 (1988); Guerder, S., and P. Matzinger, J. Exp. Med 176:553 (1992)). CTL-responses induced by cross-priming, i.e. by priming with exogenous antigens that reached the class I pathway, have also been shown to require the presence of Th cells (Bennett, S. R. M., et al, J. Exp. Med. J86:65 (1997)). These ctoservatiions have important consequences for tumor dierapy where T help may be critical for the induction of protective CTL responses by tumor cells (Ossendorp, F., et al, J. Exp. Med. 187:693 (1998)). , An important effector molecule on activated Th cells is the CD40-ligand (CD40L) interacting with CD40 on B cells, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) (Foy, T.M., et al, Annu. Rev. Immunol 14:591 (1996)). Triggering of CD40 on B cells is essential for isotype switching and the generation of B cell memory (Foy, T. M., et al, Ann. Rev. Immunol 14:591 (1996)). More recently, it was shown that stunulation of CD40 on macrophages and DCs leads to then activation and maturation (Cella, M.; et al, Curr. Opin. Immunol P:10 (1997); Banchereau, J., and R. M. Stemman A'la/wre 392:245 (1998)). Specifically, DCs upregulate costimulatory molecules and produce cytokines such as IL-12 upon activation. Interestingly, this CD40L-mediated maturation of DCs seems to be responsible for the helper effect on CTL responses. In fact, it has recently been shown that CD40-triggering by Th cells renders DCs able to initiate a CTL-response (Ridge, J. P., et al, Nature 393:474 (1998); Bennett, S. R. M., et al, Nature 393:478 (1998); Schoenenberger, S- P., et al, Nature 5P5:480 (1998)). This is consistent with the earlier observation that Th cells have to recognize their ligands on the same APC as the CTLs, indicating that a cognate interaction is required (Bennett, S. R. M., et al, 1 Exp. Med. 186:65 (1997)). Thus CD40L-mediated stimulation by Th cells leads to the activation of DCs, which subsequently are able to prime CTL-responses. In contrast to these Th-dependent CTL responses, viruses are often able to induce protective CTL-responses in the absence of T help (for review, see (Bachmann, M. F., et al, J. Immunol. 161:5791 (1998)). Specifically, lymphocytic choriomeningitis vims (LCMV) (Leist, T. P., et al, J. Immunol 138:2278 (1987); Alimed, R., et al. J. Virol 62:2102 (1988); Battegay, M., et al., Cell Immunol 167:115 (1996); Borrow, P., et al, J. Exp. Med 183:2129 (1996); Whitmire, J. K., et al, J. Virol 70:8375 (1996)), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) (KUndig, T. M., et al. Immunity 5:41 (1996)), mfluenza virus (Tripp, R. A., et al, J. Immunol 155:2955 (1995)), vaccinia virus (Leist, T. P., et al, Scand. J. Immunol 30:679 (1989)) and ectromelia virus (Buller, R., et al. Nature 328:77 (1987)) were able to prime CTL-responses in mice depleted of CD4'^ T cells or deficient for the expression of class II or CD40. The mechanism for this Th cell independent CTL-priming by viruses is presently not understood. Moreover, most viruses do not stimulate completely Th cell independent CTL-responses, but virus-specific CTL-activity is reduced in Th-cell deficient mice. Thus, Th cells may enhance anti-viral CTL-responses but the mechanism of this help is not fully understood yet. DCs have recently been shown to present influenza derived antigens by cross-priming (Albert, M. L., et al, J. Exp. Med. 188:1359 (1998); Albert, M. L., et al, Nature 3P2:86 (1998)). It is therefore possible that, similarly as shown for minor histocompatibility antigens and tumor antigens (Ridge, J. P., et al, Nature 393:474 (1998); Bennett, S. R. M., et al. Nature 393:478 (1998); Schoenenberger, S. P., et al, Nature 3P3:480 (1998)), Th cells may assist mduction of CTLs via CD40 triggering on DCs. Thus, stimulation of CD40 using CD40L or anti-CD40 antibodies may enhance CTL induction after stimulation with viruses or tumor cells. However, although CD40L is an impoitant activator of DCs, there seem to be additional molecules that can stimulate maturation and activation, of DCs during immime responses. In fact, CD40 is not measurably involved in the induction of CTLs specific for LCMV or VSV (Ruedl, C, et al, J. Exp. Med 189:1875 (1999)). Thus, although VSV-specific CTL responses are partly dependent upon the presence of CD4"'T cells (Ktindig, T. M., et al, Immunity 5:41 (1996)), this helper effect is not mediated by CD40L. Candidates for effector molecules triggering maturation of DCs during immune responses include Trance and TNF (Bachmann, M. F., et at, J. Exp. Med 289:1025 (1999); Sallusto, R. and A. Lanzavecchia, J Exp Med 179:1109 (1994)), but it is likely that there are more proteins with similar properties such as, e.g., CpGs. It is well established that the administration of purified proteins alone is usually not sufficient to elicit a strong immune response; isolated antigen generally must be given together with helper substances called adjuvants. Within these adjuvants, the administered antigen is protected against rapid degradation, and the adjuvant provides an extended release of a low level of antigen. Unlike isolated proteins, viruses induce prompt and efficient immune responses in the absence of any adjuvants both with and without T-cell help (Bachmann & Zinkemagel, ^n«. Rev. Immunol. 75:235-270(1997)). Although viruses often consist of few protems, they are able to trigger much stronger immune responses than their isolated components. For B cell responses, it is known that one crucial factor for the immunogenicity of viruses is the repetitiveness and order of surface epitopes. Many viruses exhibit a quasi-crystalline surface that displays a regular array of epitopes which efficiently crosslinks epitope-specific immunoglobulins on B cells (Bachmann & Zinl^magel, Immunol. Today 77:553-558 (1996)). This crosslinking of surface immunoglobulins on B cells is a strong activation signal that directly induces cell-cycle progression and the production of IgM antibodies. Further, such triggered B cells are able to activate T helper cells, which in tum induce a switch fi-om IgM to IgG antibody production in B cells and the generation of long-lived B cell memory -the goal of any vaccination (Bachmann & Zinkemagel, Ann. Rev. Immunol 75:235-270 (1997)). Viral structure is even Imked to the generation of anti-antibodies in autoimmune disease and as a part of the natural response to pathogens {see Fehr, T., et al, J. Exp. Med. 755:1785-1792 (1997)). Thus, antigens on viral particles that are organized in an ordered and repetitive array are highly immxinogenic since they can directly activate B cells. However, soluble antigens not linked to a repetitive surface are poorly immunogenic in the absence of adjuvants. Since pathogens, allergen extracts and also tumors usually contain a multitude of antigens that may not all easily be expressed and conjugated to repetitive strucutures such as VLPs, it would be desuable to have adjuvants formulations that may simply be mixed vdth the antigen-preparations without the need for complex conjugation procedures. In addition to strong B cell responses, viral particles are also able to induce the generation of a cytotoxic T cell response, another crucial arm of the immune system. These cytotoxic T cells are particularly important for the elimination of non-C5^opathic viruses such as HIV or Hepatitis B virus and for the eradication of tumors. Cytotoxic T cells do not recognize native antigens but rather recognize their degradation products in association witn MHC class I molecules (Townsend & Bodmer, Ann. Rev. Immunol. 7:601-624 (1989)). Macrophages and dendritic cells are able to take up and process exogenous viral particles (but not their soluble, isolated components) and present the generated degradation product to cytotoxic T cells, leading to their activation and proliferation (Kovacsovics-Bankowski et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Set USA P0:4942-4946 (1993); Bachmami et al, Eur. J. Immunol. 26:2595-2600 (1996)). In addition, activated DCs are also able to process and present soluble proteins. Viral particles as antigens exhibit two advantages over their isolated components: (1) due to their highly repetitive surface structure, they are able to directly activate B cells, leading to high antibody titers and long-lasting B cell memory; and (2) viral particles but not soluble proteins are able to induce a cytotoxic T cell response, even if the viruses are non-infectious and adjuvants are absent. Several new vaccine strategies exploit the inherent immunogenicity of viruses. Some of these approaches focus on the particulate nature of the virus particle; (see Harding, C. et al, J. Immunology 755:4925 (1994)), which discloses a vaccine consisting of latex beads and antigen; Kovacsovics-Bankowski, M., et al. (Free. Natl Acad. Scl USA 90:4942-4946 (1993)), which discloses a vaccine consisting of u-on oxide beads and antigen; U.S. Patent No. 5,334,394 to Kossovsky, N., et al, which discloses core particles coated with antigen; U.S. Patent No. 5,871,747, which discloses synthetic polymer particles carrying on the surface one or more proteins covalently bonded thereto; and a core particle with a non-covalently bound coating, which at least partially covers the surface of said core particle, and at least one biologically active agent in contact with said coated core particle (see, e.g., WO 94/15585). In a further development, virus-like particles (VLPs) are being exploited in the area of vaccine production because of both their structural properties and their non-infectious nature {see, e.g., WO 98/50071). VLPs are supermolecular structures built in a symmetric manner from many protein molecules of one or more types. They lack the vii'al genome and, therefore, are noninfectious. VLPs can often be produced in large quantities by heterologous expression and can be easily be purified. In addition, DNA rich in non-methylated CG motifs (CpG), as present in bacteria and most non-vertebrates, exhibits a potent stimulatory activity on B ceils, dendritic cells and other APC's in vitro as well as in vivo. Although bacterial DNA is inununostimulatory across many vertebrate species, the individual CpG motifs may differ. In fact, CpG motifs that stimulate mouse immune cells may not necessarily stimulate human immune cells and vice versa. Although DNA oligonucleotides rich in CpG motifs can exhibit immunostimulatory capacity, their efficiency is often limited, since they are unstable in viti-o and in vivo. Thus, they exhibit unfavorable pharmacokinetics. In order to render CpG-oligonucleotides more potent, it is therefore usually necessary to stabilize them by introducing phosphorothioate modifications of the phosphate backbone. A second limitation for the use of CpGs to stimulate immune responses is their lack of specificity, since all APC's and B ceils in contact with CpGs become stimulated. Thus, the efficiency and specificity of DNA oligonucleotides containing CpGs may be improved by stabilizing them or packaging them in a way that restricts cellular activation to tliose cells that also present the relevant antigen. In addition, inununostimulatory CpG-oUgodeoxynucleotides induce strong side effects by causing extramedullaiy hemopoiesis accomponied by splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy in mice (Sparwasser et al, J. Immunol. (1999), 162:2368-74). Recent evidence demonstrates that VLPs containing packaged CpGs are able to trigger very potent T cell responses against antigens conjugated to the VLPs (WO03/024481). In addition, packaging CpGs enhanced their stability and essentially removed their above mentioned side-effects such as causing extramedullary hemopoiesis accomponied by splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy in mice. In particular, packaged CpGs did not induce splenomegaly. However, as mentioned above, most pathogens, tumors and allergen extracts contain a multitude of antigens and it may be often difficult to express all these antigens recombinantly before conjugation to the VLPs. Hence, it would be desirable to have adjuvants formulations that may simply be mixed with the antigen-preparations without the need for complex conjugation procedures. There have been remarkable advances made in vaccination strategies recently, yet here remains a need for improvement on existing strategies. In particular, there emains a need in the art for the development of new and improved vaccines that illow the induction of strong T and B cell responses without serious side-effects and vithout a need for conjugating the antigens to a carrier substance. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention is based on the surprising finding that immunostimulatory substances luch as DNA oligonucleotides can be packaged into VLPs which renders them more mmunogenic. Unexpectedly, the nucleic acids and oligonucleotides, respectively, )resent in VLPs can be replaced specifically by the immunostimulatory substances ind DNA-oligonucleotides containing CpG motifs, respectively. Surprisingly, tiiese )ackaged immunostimulatory substances, in particular immimostimulatory nucleic icids such as unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotides retained their mmunostimulatory capacity without widespread activation of the innate immune lystem. The compositions comprising VLP's and the immunostimulatory substances n accordance with the present invention, and in particular tlie CpG-VLPs are Ii'amatically more immunogenic than their CpG-free counterparts and dramatically ihhance B and T cell responses to antigens applied together, i.e. mixed with the packaged VLPs. Unexpectedly, coupling of the antigens to the VLPs was not ■equired for enhancement of the immune response. Moreover, due to the packaging, :he CpGs bound to the VLPs did not induce systemic side-effects, such as splenomegaly. [n a first embodiment, the invention provides a composition for enhancing an immune response in an animal comprising a virus-like particle and an immunostimulatory substance, preferably an immunostimulatory nucleic acid, an even more preferably an Lmmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide, where the substance, nucleic acid or sligonucleotide is coupled to, fused to, or otherwise attached to or enclosed by, i.e., bound to, and preferably packaged with the virus-like particle. The composition further comprises an antigen mixed with the virus-like particle. wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 9 In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the immunostimulatory nucleic acids, in particular the unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotides are stabilized by phosphorothioate modifications of the phosphate backbone. In another preferred embodiment, tlie immunostimulatory nucleic acids, in particular the unmethylated 5 CpG-containing oligonucleotides are packaged into the VLPs by digestion of RNA within the VLPs and simultaneous addition of the DNA oligonucleotides containing CpGs of choice. In an equally preferred embodiment, the VLPs can be disassembled before they are reassembled in the presence of CpGs. In a further preferred embodiment, the immunostimulatory nucleic acids do not 10 contain CpG motifs but nevertheless exhibit immunostimulatory activities. Such nucleic acids are described in WO 01/22972. All sequences described therein are hereby incorporated by way of reference. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the immethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide is not stabilized by phosphorothioate modifications of the 15 phosphodiester backbone. In a preferred embodiment, the unmethylated CpG containig oligonucleotide induces IFN-alpha in human cells. In another preferred embodiment, the IFN-alpha inducing oligonucleotide is flanked by guanosine-rich repeats and contains a palindromic sequence. 20 In a further preferred embodiment, the virus-like particle is a recombinant virus-like particle. Also preferred, the virus-like particle is free of a lipoprotein envelope. Preferably, the recombinant virus-like particle comprises, or alternatively consists of, recombinant proteins of Hepatitis B virus, measles virus, Sindbis virus. Rotavirus, Foot-and-Moutli-Disease virus. Retrovirus, Norwalk virus or human Papilloma virus, 25 RNA-phages, Qp-phage, GA-phage, fir-phage, AP205-phage and Ty. In a specific embodiment, the virus-like particle comprises, or alternatively consists of, one or more different Hepatitis B virus core (capsid) proteins (HBcAgs). In a further preferred embodiment, the virus-like particle comprises recombinant proteins, or fragments thereof, of a RNA-phage. Preferred RNA-phages are Qp- 30 phage, AP 205-phage, GA-phage, fr-phage. In another embodiment, the antigen, antigens or antigen mixture is a recombmant antigen. In another embodiment, the antigen, antigens or antigen mixture is extracted from a natural source, which includes but is not Ihnited to; pollen, dust, fimgi, insects. wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/0 06541 10 food, mammalian epidermals, hair, saliva, serum, bees, tumors, pathogens and feathers. In yet another embodiment, the antigen ciin be selected from the group consisting of: (1) a polypeptide suited to induce an immune response against cancer cells; (2) a 5 polypeptide suited to induce an immune response against infectious diseases; (3) a polypeptide suited to induce an immune response against allergens; (4) a polypeptide suited to induce an improved response against self-antigens; and (5) a polypeptide suited to induce an immmie response in farm animals or pets. In a further embodiment, the antigen, antigens or antigen mixture can be selected 10 from the group consisting of: (1) an organic molecule suited to induce an immune response against cancer cells; (2) an organic molecule suited to induce an immune response against infectious diseases; (3) an organic molecule suited to induce an immune response against allergens; (4) an organic molecule suited to induce an improved response against self-antigens; (5) an organic molecule suited to induce an 15 immune response in farm animals or pets; and (6) an organic molecule suited to induce a response against a drug, a hormone or a toxic compound, hi a particular embodiment, the antigen comprises, or alternatively consists of, a cytotoxic T cell or Th cell epitope. In a related embodiment, tlie antigen comprises, or alternatively consists of, a B cell epitope. In a related embodiment, the virus-like 20 particle comprises the Hepatitis B virus core protein. In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of enhancing an immune response in a human or other animal species comprismg introducmg into the animal a composition comprising a virus-like particle and inununostimulatory substance, preferably an immunostimulatory nucleic acid, an even more preferably an 25 unmethylated CpG-contaming oligonucleotide where the substance, preferably the nucleic acid, and even more preferally the oligonucleotide is bound to (i.e. coupled, attached or enclosed), and preferably packaged with the virus-like particle and the virus-like particle is mixed with an antigen, several antigens or an antigen mixture. In yet another embodiment of the invention, the composition is introduced into an 30 ainmal subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intranasally, intradermally, intravenously or directly into a lymph node, ha an equally preferred embodiment, the immune enhancing composition is applied locally, near a tumor or local vhal reservoir against which one would like to vaccinate. In a preferred aspect of the invention, the immune response is a T cell response, and the T cell response against the antigen is enhanced. In a specific embodiment, the T cell response is a cytotoxic T cell response, and the cytotoxic T cell response against the antigen is enhanced. In another embodiment of the invention, the immune response is a B cell response, and the B cell response against the antigen is enhanced. The present invention also relates to a vaccine comprising an immunologicaUy effective amount of the immune enhancing composition of the present invention together witli a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, carrier or excipient. In a preferred embodiment, the vaccine further comprises at least one adjuvant, such as Alum or incomplete Freund's adjuvant. The invention also provides a method of immunizing and/or treatmg an animal comprising administering to the animal an immimologically effective amount of the disclosed vaccine. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the immunostimulatory substance-containing VLPs, preferably the innnunostimulatory nucleic acid-containing VLP's, an even more preferably the unmethylated CpG-containlrig oligonucleotide VLPs are used for vaccination of animals or humans against antigens mixed with the modified VLP. The modified VLPs can be used to vaccinate against tumors, vnal diseases, or self-molecules, for example. The vaccination can be for prophylactic or therapeutic puiposes, or both. Also, the modified VLPs can be used to vaccinate against allergieSj or diseases related to allergy such as asthma, in order to induce immime-deviation and/or antibody responses against the allergen. Such a vaccination aad treatment, respectively, can then lead, for example, to a cJesensibilization of a former allergic animal and patient, respectively. In the majority of cases, the desired immime response will be directed against antigens mixed with the immunostimulatory substance-containing VLPs, preferably the immunostimulatory nucleic acid-containing VLP's, an even more preferably the unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide VLPs. The antigens can be peptides, proteins or domains as well as mixtures thereof The route of injection is preferably subcutaneous or intramuscular, but it would also be possible to apply the CpG-containing VLPs intradermally, intranasally, intravenously or dhectly into the lymph node. In an equally preferred embodiment, the CpG-containing VLPs mixed with antigen are applied locally, near a tumor or local viral reservoir against which one would like to vaccinate. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWIt^GS/FlGURES Figure I shows VLPs in a native agarose gel electrophoresis (1% agarose) after control incubation or after digestion with RNase A upon staining with ethidium bromide (A) or Coomassie blue (B) in order to assess for the presence of RNA or protein. Recombinantly produced VLPs were diluted at a final concentration of 0.5 ug/ul protein in PBS buffer and incubated in the absence (lane 1) or presence (lane 2) of RNase A (100 ug/ml) (Sigma, Division of Fluka AG, Switzerland) for 2 h at 37'^C. The samples were subsequently complemented with 6-fold concentrated DNA-loading buffer (MBS Fermentas GmbH, Heidelberg, Gefmany) and run for 30 min at 100 volts in a 1% native agarose gel. The Gene Ruler marker (MBS Fermentas GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) was used as reference for VLPs migration velocity (lane M). Rows are indicating the presence of RNA enclosed in VLPs (A) or VLPs itself (B). Identical results were obtained in 3 independent experiments. Figure 2 shows VLPs in a native agarose gel electrophoresis (1% agarose) after control incubation or after digestion vdth RNase A in the presence of buffer only or CpG-containing DNA-oligonncleotides upon staining v/ith ethidium bromide (A) or Comassie blue (B) in order to assess for the presence of RNA/DNA or protein. Recombinant VLPs were diluted at a final concentration of 0.5 ug/ul protein in PBS buffer and incubated in the absence (lane 1) or presence (lane 2 and 3) of RNase A (100 ug/ml) (Sigma, Division of Fluka AG, Switzerland) for 2 h at 37°C. 5 mnol CpG-oligonucleotides (containing phosphorothioate modifications of the phosphate backbone) were added to sample 3 before RNase A digestion. The Gene Ruler marker (MBS Femientas GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) was used as reference for p33-VLPs migration velocity (lane M). Rows are indicatuig the presence of RNA/CpG-DNA enclosed in p33-VLPs (A) or p33-VLPs itself (B). Comparable resuhs were obtained when CpG oligonucleotides vWth normal phosphor bonds were used for co-incubation of VLPs with RNase A. Figure 3 shows p33-VLPs in a native agarose gel electrophoresis (1% agarose) before and after digestion with RNase A in the presence of CpG-containing DNA-oligonucleotides and subsequent dialysis (for the elimination of VLP-unbound CpG-oligonucleotides) upon staining with ethidium bromide (A) or Comassie blue (B) in order to assess for the presence of DNA or protein. Recombinant VLPs were diluted at a final concentration of 0.5 ug/ul protein in PBS buffer and incubated in absence (lane i) or in presence (lanes 2 to 5) of RNase A (100 ug/nil) (Sigma, Division of Fluka AG, Switzerland) for 2 h at 3TC. 30 nmol CpG-oligonucleotides (containing phosphoTothioate bonds: lanes 2 and 3, containing normal phosphor modifications of the phosphate backbone; lanes 4 and 5) were added to VLPs before RNase A digestion. Treated samples were extensively dialysed for 24 hours against PBS (4500-fold dilution) with a 300 kDa MWCO dialysis membrane (Spectrum Medical Industries Inc., Houston, USA) to eliminate the in excess DNA (lanes 3 and 5). The Gene Ruler marker (MBS Fermentas GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) was used as reference for p33-VLPs migration velocity (lane M), Rows are indicating the presence of RNA/CpG-DNA enclosed in VLPs (A) or VLPs itself (B). Figure 4 shows VLPs in a native agarose gel electrophoresis (1% agarose) after control incubation or after digestion with RNase A where CpG-containing DNA-oligonucleotides were added only after completing the RNA digestion upon staining with ethidium bronside (A) or Comassie blue (B) in order to assess for the presence of RNA/DNA or protein. Recombinant VLPs were diluted at a final concentration of 0.5 ug/ul protein in PBS buffer and incubated in the absence (lane 1) or presence (lane 2 and 3) of RNase A (100 ug/ml) (Sigma, Division of Fluka AG, Switzerland) for 2 h at 37°C. 5 nmol CpG-oligonucleotides (containing phosphorothioate modifications of the phosphate backbone) were added to sample 3 only after the RNase A digestion. The Gene Ruler marker (MBS Fermentas GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) was used as reference for p33-VLPs migration velocity (lane M). Rows are indicating the presence of RNA/CpG-DNA enclosed in VLPs (A) or VLPs itself (B). Similar results were obtained when CpG oligonucleotides with normal phosphor bonds were used for reassembly of VLPs. Figure 5 shows that RNase A treated VlPs derived from HBcAg carrying inside CpG-rich DNA (containing normal phosphodiester moieties), dialyzed fi:om unbound CpG-oligonucleotides are effective at enhancing IgG responses against bee venom allergens (BV). Mice were subcutaneously primed with 5 p^g of bee venom (ALK Abello) either alone or mixed with one of the following: 50 p.g VLP alone, 50 [ig VLP loaded and packaged, respectively, with CpG-oligonucleotides or 50 pg VLP mixed with 20 nmol CpG-oligonucleotides. Alternatively, mice were primed with 5 p.g bee venom mixed with VLP alone or VLP loaded and packaged, respectively, with CpG-oIigonucleotides in conjmiction with aluminum hydroxide. 14 days later, mice were boosted with the same vaccine preparations and bled on day 21. Bee venom specific IgG responses in serum were assessed by ELISA- Results as shown as optical densities for indicated serum dilutions. Av Figure 7 shows that free CpGs but not CpGs packaged into VLPs (HBc) dramatically increase spleen size after vaccination. Mice were immunized with 100 jag VLP alone, CpGs alone (20 nmol), 100 ^g VLPs mixed with 20 nmol CpGs, or containing packaged CpGs. Total lymphocyte numbers/spleen were measured 12 days later. Figure 8 shows allergic body temperature drop in VLP(CpG) + Bee venom vaccinated mice. Two sets of mice have been tested- Group 1 (n = 7) received VLP(CpG) mixed together with Bee venom as vaccine. Group 2 (n = 6) received only VLP(CpG), After a challenge with a high dose of Bee venom (30ug), the allergic reaction was assessed in terms of changes in the body temperature of the mice. In group 1 receiving the Bee venom together with VLP(CpG) no significant changes of the body temperature was observed in any of the tested mice. In contrast, the group 2 receiving only VLP(CpG) as a desensitizing vaccine showed a pronounced body temperature drop in 4 out of 6 animals. Therefore, these mice have not been protected from allergic reactions. Note: The symbols in the figure represent the mean of 6 (for VLP(CpG)) or 7 (VLP(CpG) + Bee venom ) individual mice including standard deviation (SD). Figure 9 shows detection of specific IgE and IgG serum antibodies in mice before and after desensitization. All mice have been sensitized v^th four injections of Bee venom in adjuvant (Alum). Then, the mice have been vaccinated with VLP(CpG) + Bee venom in order to induce a protective immune response or as a control with VLP(CpG) only. Blood samples of all mice were taken before and after desensitization and tested in ELISA for Bee venom specific IgE antibodies (panel A), IgGl antibodies (panel B) and IgG2a antibodies (panel C), respectively. As shown in Figure 9A, an increased IgE titer is observed for VLP(CpG) + Bee venom vacchiated mice after desensitization. The results are presented as the optical density (OD450iun) at 1:250 serum dilution. The mean of 6 (VLP(CpG))or 7 (VLP(CpG) + Bee venom) individvial mice including standard deviation (SD) is shown in the figure. Figure 9B reveals an increased anti-Bee venom IgGl serum titer after desensitization only for mice vaccinated with VLP(CpG) + Bee venom. The same is true for Figure 9C were IgG2a serum titers have been determined. As expected for a successfiil desensitization, the increase m IgG2a antibody titers was most pronounced. The results are shown as means of 2 (VLP(CpG)) or 3 CVLP(CpG) + Bee venom) mice including SD for 1:12500 (IgGl)or 1:500 (IgG2a) serum dilutions, respectively. Figure 10 shows the antibody responses of Balb/c mice immunized with grass pollen extract either mixed with Qb VLPs, Qb VLPs loaded and packaged, respectively, with CpG-2006 or with Alum. Polled sera of 5 mice per groups were used. An ELISA assay was performed with pollen extract coated to the plate. Wells were incubated with a dilution of 1:60 of the respective mouse sera fi-om day 21 for detection of IgGl, IgG2a and Ig2b or with a dilution of 1:10 for the detection of IgE isotype antibodies and detection was performed with the corresponding isotype specific anti-mouse secondary antibodies coupled to horse raddish peroxidase. Optical densities at 450 nm are plotted after colour reaction. Figure 11 shows the antibody responses of Balb/c mice which were sensitized with grass poUen extract mixed with Alum and subsequently desensitized with with grass pollen extract either mixed with Qb VLPs or with Qb VLPs loaded, and packaged, respectively, with CpG-2006 or with Alum. One group of mice was left untreated after sensitization- An ELISA assay was performed with pollen extract coated to the plate. Wells were incubated with serial dilutions of the respective mouse sera and detection was performed with the IgGl and IgG2a isotype specific anti-mouse secondary antibodies coupled to horse raddish pero:tidase. ELISA titers were calculated as the reciprocal of the dilution given 50% of the optical densities at saturation. Figure 11A shows the IgGl titers, figure 1 IB the IgG2b titers. Figure 12 depicts the analysis of glOgacga-PO packaging into HBc33 VLPs on a 1% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide (A) and Cooinassie Blue (B). Loaded on the gel are 15 jig of the following samples: 1. 1 kb MBI Fermentas DNA ladder; 2. HBc33 VLP untreated; 3. HBc33 VLP treated with RNa^e A; 4. HBc33 VLP ti-eated with KNase A and packaged with glOgacga-PO; 5. HBc33 A?LP treated -wth KNase A, packaged with glOgacga-PO, treated with Benzonase and dialysed. Figure 13 shows electron micrographs of Qp VLPs that were reassembled in the presence of different oligodeoxynucleotides. The VLPs had been reassembled in the presence of the indicated oligodeoxynucleotides or in the presence of tRNA but had not been purified to a homogenous suspension by size exclusion chromatography. As positive control served preparation of "intact" Qp VLPs which had been purified firom E.coli. Figure 14 shows the analysis of nucleic acid content of the reassembled Qp VLPs by nuclease treatment and agarose gelelectrophoresis: 5 p.g of reassembled and purified QP VLPs and 5 Hg of Qp VLPs which had been purified firom E.coli, respectively, were treated as indicated. After this treatment, samples were mixed with loading dye and loaded onto a 0.8% agarose gel. After the run the gel was stained first with ethidum bromide (A) and after documentation the same gel was stained with Coomassie blue (B). Figure 15 A shows an electron micrograph of the disassembled AP205 VLP protein, while Figure 15 B shows the reassembled particles before purification. Figure 15C shows an electron micrograph of the purified reassembled AP205 VLPs. The magnification of Figure 15A-C is 200 000 X. Figure 16 A and B show the reassembled AP205 VLPs analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The samples loaded on the gel from both figures were, fi-om left to right: untreated AP205 VLP, 3 samples with differing amount of AP205 VLP reassembled with CyCpG and purified, and untreated Qp VLP. The gel on Figure 16A was stained with etliidium bromide, while (he same gel was stained with Coomassie blue in Figure 16 B. Figure 17 shows the SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrating multiple coupling bands consisting of one, two or three peptides coupled to the Qp monomer (Arrows, Figure 17). For the sake of simplicity the coupling product of the peptide p33 and Qp VLPs was termed, in particular, throughout the example section Qbx33. Figure 18 depicts the analysis of B-CpGpt packagmg into Qbx33 VLPs on a 1% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide (A) and Coomassie Blue (B). (C) shows the analysis of the amount of packaged oligo extracted firom the VLP on a 15% TBE/urea stained with SYBR Gold. Loaded on gel are the following samples: 1. BCpGpt oligo content of 2 ^ig Qbx33 VLP after proteinase K digestion and RNase A treatment; 2. 20 pmol B-CpGpt control; 3. 10 pmol B-CpGpt control; 4. 5 pmol B-CpGpt control. Figure 18 D and E show the analysis of glOgacga-PO packaging into Qbx33 VLPs on a 1% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide (D) and Coomassie Blue (E). Loaded on the gel are 15 ^ig of the following samples: 1. MBI Fermentas 1 kb DNA ladder; 2. Qbx33 VLP untreated; 3. Qbx33 VLP treated with RNase A; 4. Qbx33 VLP treated with RNase A and packaged with glOgacga-PO; 5. Qbx33 VLP treated with RNase A, packaged with glOgacga-PO, treated with Benzonase and dialysed. Figure 18 E and F show the analysis of dsCyCpG-253 packaging into Qbx33 VLPs on a 1% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide (E) and Coomassie Blue (F). Loaded on the gel are 15 |J.g of the following samples: 1. MBI Fermentas 1 kb DNA ladder; 2. Qbx33 VLP untreated; 3. Qbx33 VLP treated with RNase A; 4. Qbx33 VLP treated with RNase A, packaged with dsCyCpG-253 and treated with DNasel; 5. Qbx33 VLP treated with RNase A, packaged witli dsCyCpG-253, treated with DNasel and dialysed. wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 18 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE'INVENTION Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to 5 those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methods and materials are hereinafter described. 1. Definitions Animal: As used herein, the term "animal" is meant to include, for example, humans, 10 sheep, horses, cattle, pigs, dogs, cats, rats, mice, birds, reptiles, fish, insects and arachnids. Antibody: As used herein, the term "antibody" refers to molecules which are capable of binding an epitope or antigenic determinant. The term is meant to include whole antibodies and antigen-binding fi*agments thereof, including single-chain antibodies. 15 Most preferably the antibodies are human antigen binding antibody fragments and include, but are not limited to. Fab, Fab' and F(ab')2, Fd, single-chain Fvs (scFv), single-chain antibodies, disulfide-linked Fvs (sdFv) and fragments comprising either a VL or VH domain. The antibodies can be from any animal origin including burds and mammals. Preferably, the antibodies are human, murine, rabbit, goat, guinea pig, 20 camel, horse or chicken. As used herein, "human" antibodies include antibodies having the amino acid sequence of a human immunoglobulin and include antibodies isolated from human immunoglobuHn libraries or from animals transgenic for one or more human immunoglobulins and that do not express endogenous immunoglobulins, as described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 5,939,598 by Kucherlapati et al. 25 In a preferred embodiment of the invention, compositions of the invention may be used in the design of vaccines for the treatment of allergies. Antibodies of the IgE isotype are important components in allergic reactions. Mast cells bind IgE antibodies on their surface and release histamines and otlier mediators of allergic response upon binding of specific antigen to the IgE molecules bound on the mast cell 30 surface. Inhibiting production of IgE antibodies, therefore, is a promising target to protect against allergies. Tliis should be possible by attaining a desired T helper cell response. T helper cell responses can be divided into type 1 (THI) and type 2 (TH2) T wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 19 helper cell responses (Romagnani, Immunol Today 75:263-266 (1997)). THI cells secrete interferon-gamma and other cytolcines which trigger B cells to produce IgG antibodies. In contrast, a critical cytokine produced by TH2 cells is IL-4, which drives B cells to produce IgE. In many experimental systems, the development of THI and 5 TH2 responses is mutually exclusive since THI cells suppress the induction of TH2 cells and vice versa. Thus, antigens that trigger a strong THI response simultaneously suppress the development of TH2 responses and hence the production of IgE antibodies. The presence of high concentrations of IgG antibodies may prevent binding of allergens to mast cell bound IgE, thereby inhibiting the release of 10 histamine. Thus, presence of IgG antibodies may protect from IgE mediated allergic reactions. Typical substances causing allergies include, but are not limited to; pollens {e.g. grass, ragweed, birch or mountain cedar); house dust and dust mites; mammalian epidermal allergens and animal danders; mold and fungus; insect bodies and insect venom; feathers; food; and drugs (e.g., penicillin). See Shough, H. et al, 15 REMINGTON^S PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, 19th edition, (Chap. 82), Mack Publishing Company, Mack Publishing Group, Easton, Pennsylvania (1995), the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Thus, immunization of individuals with allergens mixed with virus like particles containing packaged DNA rich in non-methylated CG motifs should be beneficial not only before but also after 20 the onset of allergies. Antigen: As used herein, the term "antigen" refers to a molecule capable of being bound by an antibody or a T cell receptor (TCR) if presented by MHC molecules. The term "antigen", as used herein, also encompasses T-cell epitopes. An antigen is additionally capable of being recognized by the inmiune system and/or being capable 25 of inducing a humoral immune response and/or cellular immune response leading to the activation of B- and/or T-lymphocytes. This may, however, require that, at least in certain cases, the antigen contains or is linked to a Th cell epitope and is given in adjuvant. An antigen can have one or more epitopes (B- and T- epitopes). The specific reaction referred to above is meant to indicate that the antigen will preferably 30 react, typically in a highly selective manner, with its corresponding antibody or TCR and not with the multitude of other antibodies or TCRs which may be evoked by other antigens. Antigens as used herein may also be mixtures of several individual antigens. wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 20 A "microbial antigen" as used herein is an antigen of a microorganism and includes, but is not limited to, infectious virus, infectious bacteria, parasites and infectious fungi. Such antigens include the intact microorganism as well as natural isolates and fragments or derivatives thereof and also synthetic or recombinant compounds which 5 are identical to or similar to natural microorganism antigens and induce an immime response specific for that microorganism. A compound is similar to a natural microorganism antigen if it induces an immune response (humoral and/or cellular) to a natural microorganism antigen. Such andgens are used routinely in the art and are well known to the skilled artisan. 10 Examples of infectious viruses that have been found in humans include but are not limited to: Retroviridae (e.g. human immunodeficiency viruses, such as HIV-1 (also referred to as HTLV-III, LAV or HTLV-III/LAV, or HIV-III); and other isolates, such as HIV-LP); Picomaviridae (e.g. polio viruses, hepatitis A virus; enteroviruses, human Coxsackie viruses, rhinoviruses, echoviruses); Calciviridae (e.g. strains that 15 cause gastroenteritis); Togaviridae (e.g. equine encephalitis viruses, rubella viruses); Flaviridae (e.g. dengue viruses, encephalitis viruses, yellow fever viruses); Coronoviridae (e.g. coronaviruses); Rhabdoviradae (e.g. vesicular stomatitis viruses, rabies viruses); Filoviridae (e.g. ebola viruses); Paramyxoviridae (e.g. parainfluenza viruses, mumps virus, measles virus, respiratory syncytial virus); Orthomyxoviridae 20 (e.g. influenza viruses); Bungavindae (e.g. Hantaan viruses, bunga viruses, phleboviruses and Nairo viruses); Arena viridae (hemorrhagic fever viruses); Reoviridae (e.g. reoviruses, orbiviurses and rotaviruses); Bimaviridae; Hepadnaviridae (Hepatitis B virus); Parvovirida (parvoviruses); Papovaviridae (papilloma viruses, polyoma viruses); Adenoviridae (most adenoviruses); 25 Herpesviridae (herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2, varicella zoster vuTas, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes virus); Poxviridae (variola viruses, vaccinia viruses, pox viruses); and Iridoviridae (e.g. Afiican swine fever virus); and unclassified viruses (e.g. the etiological agents of Spongiform encephalopathies, the agent of delta hepatitis (thought to be a defective satellite of hepatitis B virus), the agents of non-A, 30 non-B hepatitis (class l=intemally transmitted; class 2=parenterally transmitted (i.e. Hepatitis C); Norwalk and related viruses^ and astroviruses). Both gram negative and gram positive bacteria serve as antigens in vertebrate animals. Such gram positive bacteria include, but are not limited to, Pasteurella wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 21 species. Staphylococci species and Streptococcus species. Gram negative bacteria include, but are not limited to, Escherichia coH, Pseudomonas species, and Salmonella species. Specific examples of infectious bacteria include but are not limited to: Helicobacter pyloris, Borelia burgdorferi, Legionella pneumophilia, 5 Mycobacteria sps. (e.g. M. tuberculosis, M. avium, M. intracellulare, M. kansait, M. gordonae). Staphylococcus aureus. Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Neisseria meningitidis^ Listeria monocytogenes. Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus), Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus), Streptococcus (viridans group), Streptococcus faecdlis. Streptococcus bovis. Streptococcus (anaerobic sps.), 10 Streptococcus pneumoniae, pathogenic Campylobacter sp., Enterococcus sp., Haemophilus influenzae. Bacillus antracis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium sp,, Erysipehthrix rhusiopathiae, Clostridium perfringers, Clostridium tetani, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pasturella multocida, Bacteroides sp., Fusobacterium nuclealum, Streptobacillus moniliformis, 15 Treponema pallidium, Treponema pertenue, Leptospira, Rickettsia, Actinomyces israelii and Chlamydia. Examples of infectious fungi include: Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, Blastomyces dermatitidis. Chlamydia trachomatis and Candida albicans. Other iirfectious organisms (i.e., protists) include; 20 Plasmodium such as Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium vivax, Toxoplasma gondii and Shistosoma. Other medically relevant microorganisms have been descried extensively in the literature, e.g., see C. G. A. Thomas, "Medical Microbiology", BaiUiere Tindall, Great Britain 1983, the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 25 The compositions and methods of the invention are also usefiil for treating cancer by stimulating an antigen-specific immune response against a cancer antigen. A "tumor antigen" as used herein is a compound, such as a peptide, associated with a tumor or cancer and which is capable of provoking an immune response, hi particular, the compotmd is capable of provoking an immune response when presented in the 30 context of an MHC molecule. Tumor antigens can be prepared from cancer cells either by preparing crude extracts of cancer cells, for example, as described in Cohen, et ai. Cancer Research, 5'#:1055 (1994), by partially purifying the antigens, by recombinant technology or by de novo synthesis of known antigens. Tumor antigens wo 2004/000351 ■ PCT/EP2003/006541 22 include antigens that are antigenic portions of or are a whole tumor or cancer polypeptide. Such antigens can be isolated or prepared recombinantly or by any other means known in the art. Cancers or tumors include, but are not limited to, biliary tract cancer; brain cancer; breast cancer; cervical cancer; choriocarcinoma; colon 5 cancer; endometrial cancer; esophageal cancer; gastric cancer; intraepithelial neoplasms; lymphomas; liver cancer; lung cancer (e.g. small cell and non-small cell); melanoma; neuroblastomas; oral cancer; ovarian cancer; pancreas cancer; prostate cancer; rectal cancer; sarcomas; skin cancer; testicular cancer; thyroid cancer; and renal cancer, as well as other carcinomas and sarcomas. 10 Allergens also serve as antigens in vertebrate animals. The term "allergen", as used herein, also encompasses "allergen extracts" and "allergenic epitopes." Examples of allergens include, but are not limited to; pollens {e.g. grass, ragweed, birch and mountain cedar); house dust and dust mites; mammalian epidermal allergens and animal danders; mold and fungus; insect bodies and insect venom; feathers; food; and 15 drugs {e.g., penicillin). Antigenic determinant: As used herein, the term "antigenic determinant" is meant to refer to that portion of an antigen that is specifically recognized by either B- or T-lymphocytes. B-lymphocytes responding to antigenic determinants produce antibodies, whereas T-lymphocytes respond to antigenic determinants by proliferation 20 and establishment of effector functions critical for the mediation of cellular and/or humoral immunity. Antigen presenting cell: As used herein, the term "antigen presenting cell" is meant to refer to a heterogenous population of leucocytes or bone marrow derived cells which possess an inamunostimulatory capacity. For example, these cells are capable 25 of generatmg peptides bound to MHC molecules that can be recognized by T cells. The term is synonymous with the term "accessory cell" and includes, for example, Langerhans' cells, interdigitating cells, dendritic cells, B cells and macrophages. Under some conditions, epithelial cells, endothelial cells and other, non-bone marrow derived cells may also serve as antigen presenting cells. 30 Bound: As used herein, the term "bound" refers to binding that may be covalent, e.g., by chemically coupling the unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide to a virus-like particle, or non-covalent, e.g., ionic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, etc. Covalent bonds can be, for example, ester, ether, phosphoester. wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 23 amide, peptide, imide, carbon-sulfur bond:;, carbon-phosphorus bonds, and the like. The term also includes the enclosement, or partial enclosement, of a substance. The term "bound" is broader than and mcludes terms such as "coupled," "fused," "enclosed" and "attached." Moreover, with respect to the immunostimulatory 5 substance being bound to the virus-like particle the term "bound" also includes the enclosement, or partial enclosement, of the immunostimulatory substance. Therefore, with respect to the immunostimulatory substance being bound to the virus-like particle the term "bound" is broader than and includes terms such as "coupled," "fused," "enclosed", "packaged" and "attached." For example, the immunostimulatory 10 substance such as the unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide can be enclosed by the VLP without the existence of an actual binding, neither covalently nor non-covalently, such that the oligonucleotide is held in place by mere "packaging." Coupled: As used herein, the term "coupled" refers to attachment by covalent bonds or by strong non-covalent interactions, typically and preferably to attachment by 15 covalent bonds. Any method normally used by those skilled in the art for the coupling of biologically active materials can be used in the present invention. Fusion: As used herein, the term "fusion" refers to the combination of amino acid sequences of different origin in one polypeptide chain by in-frame combination of their coding nucleotide sequences. The term "fusion" explicitly encompasses internal 20 fusions, i.e., insertion of sequences of different origin within a polypeptide chain, in addition to fusion to one of its termini. CpG: As used herein, the term "CpG" refers to an oligonucleotide which contains at least one immethylated cytosine, guanine dinucleotide sequence (e.g. "CpG-oligonucleotides" or DNA containing a cytosine followed by guanosine and linked by 25 a phosphate bond) and stunulates/activates, e.g. has a mitogenic effect on, or induces or increases cytokine expression by, a vertebrate bone marrow derived cell. For example, CpGs can be useful m activating B cells, NK cells and antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages. The CpGs can include nucleotide analogs such as analogs containing phosphorothioester bonds and can be 30 double-stranded or single-stranded. Generally, double-stranded molecules are more stable in vivo, while single-stranded molecules have increased immune activity. Coat protein(s): As used herein, the term "coat protein(s)" refers to the protein(s) of a bacteriophage or a RNA-phage capable of being incorporated withui the capsid wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 24 assembly of the bacteriophage or the RNA-phage. However, when referring to the specific gene product of the coat protein gene of RKA-phages the term "CP" is used. For example, the specific gene product of the coat protein gene of RNA-phage Qp is referred to as "Qp CP", whereas the "coat proteins" of bacteriophage Qb comprise the 5 "Qp CP" as well as the Al protein. The capsid of Bacteriophage Qp is composed mainly of the Qp CP, with a minor content of the Al protem. Likewise, the VLP Qp coat protein contains mainly Qp CP, with a mmor content of Al protein. Epitope: As used herein, the term "epitope" refers to continuous or discontinuous portions of a polypeptide having antigenic or immunogenic activity in an animal, 10 preferably a mammal, and most preferably in a human. An epitope is recognized by an antibody or a T cell through its T cell receptor in the context of an MHC molecule. An "immunogenic epitope," as used herein, is defined as a portion of a polypeptide that elicits an antibody response or induces a T-cell response in an animal, as determmed by any method known in the art. (See, for example, Geysen et al., Proc. 15 Natl Acad. Sci. USA 57:3998-4002 (1983)). The term "antigenic epitope," as used herein, is defined as a portion of a protein to which an antibody can immimospecifically bind its antigen as determined by any method well known in the . art. Immunospecific binding excludes non-specific binding but does not necessarily exclude cross-reactivity with other antigens. Antigenic epitopes need not necessarily 20 be immunogenic, Antigenic epitopes can also be T-cell epitopes, in which case they can be bound immimospecifically by a T-cell receptor within the context of an MHC molecule. An epitope can comprise 3 amino acids in a spatial conformation which is unique to the epitope. Generally, an epitope consists of at least about 5 such amino acids, and 25 more usually, consists of at least about 8-10 such amino acids. If the epitope is an organic molecule, it may be as small as Nitrophenyl. Immune response: As used herein, the term "iimnune response" refers to a humoral immune response and/or cellular immune response leading to the activation or proliferation of B- and/or T-lymphocytes and/or antigen presenting cells. In some 30 instances, however, the immune responses may be of low intensity and become detectable only when using at least one substance in accordance with the invention. "Immunogenic" refers to an agent used to stimulate the immune system of a living wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 25 organism, so that one or more functions of the immune system are increased and directed towards the immunogenic agent. An "immunogenic polypeptide" is a polypeptide that elicits a cellular and/or humoral unmune response, whether alone or linked to a carrier in the presence or absence of an adjuvant. Preferably, the antigen 5 presenting cell may be activated. Immunization: As used herein, the terms "immunize" or "immunization" or related terms refer to conferring the ability to mount a substantial immune response (comprising antibodies and/or cellular immunity such as effector CTL) against a target antigen or epitope. These terms do not require that complete immunity be 10 created, but rather that an immune response be produced which is substantially greater than baseline. For example, a mammal may be considered to be immunized against a target antigen if the cellular and/or humoral immune response to the target antigen occurs following the apphcation of methods of the invention. Immunostimulatory nucleic acid: As used herein, the term immunostimulatory [^ 15 nucleic acid refers to a nucleic acid capable of inducing and/or enhancing an immune ■ response. Immunostimulatory nucleic acids, as used herein, comprise ribonucleic acids and in particular deoxyribonucleic acids. Preferably, immunostimulatory nucleic acids contain at least one CpG motif e.g. a CG dinucleotide in which the C is unmethylated. The CG dinucleotide can be part of a palindromic sequence or can be 20 encompassed within a non-palindiomic sequence. Immunostimulatory nucleic acids not containing CpG motifs as described above encompass, by way of example, nucleic acids lacking CpG dinucleotides, as well as nucleic acids containing CG motifs with a methylated CG dinucleotide. The term "immunostimulatory nucleic acid" as used herein should also refer to nucleic acids that contain modified bases 25 such as 4-bromo-cytosine. Immunostimulatory substance: As used herein, the term "immunostimulatory substance" refers to a substance capable of inducing and/or enliancing an immune response. Immunostimulatory substances, as used herein, include, but are not Umited to, toll-like receptor activing substances and substances inducing cytokine secretion. 30 Toll-like receptor activatmg substances mclude, but are not limited to, immunostimulatory nucleic acids, peptideoglycans, lipopolysaccharides, lipoteichonic acids, imidazoquinoline compounds, flagellins, lipoproteins, and immunostimulatory organic substances such as taxol. wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 26 Mixed: As used herein, the term "mixed" refers to the combination of two or more substances, ingredients, or elements that are added together, are not chemically combined with each other and are capable of being separated. Oligonucleotide: As used herein, the terms "oligonucleotide" or "oligomer" refer to a 5 nucleic acid sequence comprising 2 or more nucleotides, generally at least about 6 nucleotides to about 100,000 nucleotides, preferably about 6 to about 2000 nucleotides, and more preferably about 6 to about 300 nucleotides, even more preferably about 20 to about 300 nucleotides, and even more preferably about 20 to about 100 nucleotides. The terms "oHgonucleotide" or "oUgomer" also refer to a 10 nucleic acid sequence comprising more than 100 to about 2000 nucleotides, preferably more than 100 to about 1000 nucleotides, and more preferably more than 100 to about 500 nucleotides. "Oligonucleotide" also generally refers to any polyribonucleotide or polydeoxribonucleotide, which may be uimiodified RNA or DNA or modified RNA or DNA. Tlie modification may comprise the backbone or 45 nucleotide analogues. "Oligonucleotide" includes, without limitation, single- and double-stranded DNA, DNA that is a mixture of single- and double-stranded regions, single- and double-stranded KNA, and RNA that is mixture of single- and double-stranded regions, hybrid molecules comprising DNA and RNA that may be single-stranded or, more typically, double-stranded or a mixture of single- and double- 20 stranded regions. In addition, "oligonucleotide" refers to triple-stranded regions comprising RNA or-DNA or both RNA and DNA. Further, an oligonucleotide can be synthetic, genomic or recombinant, e.g., ^-DNA, cosroid DNA, artificial bacterial chromosome, yeast artificial chromosome and filamentous phage such as Ml 3. The term "oligonucleotide" also mcludes DNAs or RNAs containing one or more 25 modified bases and DNAs or RNAs with backbones modified for stability or for other reasons. For example, suitable nucleotide modifications/analogs include peptide nucleic acid, inosin, tritylated bases, phosphorothioates, alkylphosphorothioates, 5-nitroindole deoxyribofiiranosyl, 5-methyldeoxycytosine and 5,6-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxydeoxythymidine. A variety of rr .odifications have been made to DNA and 30 RNA; thus, "oligonucleotide" embraces chemically, enzymatically or metabolically modified forms of polynucleotides as typically found in nature, as well as the chemical forms of DNA and RNA characteristic of vhoises and cells. Other nucleotide analogs/modifications will be evident to those skilled in the art. wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 27 Packaged: The term "packaged" as used herein refers to the state of an immunostimulatory substance, in particular an immunostimulatory nucleic acid in relation to the VLP. The term "packaged" as used herein includes binding that may be covalent, e.g., by chemically coupling, or non-covalent, e.g., ionic interactions, 5 hydrophobic mteractions, hydrogen bonds, etc. Covalent bonds can be, for example, ester, etlier, phosphoester, amide, peptide, imide, carbon-sulftir bonds, carbon-phosphorus bonds, and the like. The term "packaged" includes terms such as "coupled" and "attached", and in particular, and preferably, the term "packaged" also includes the enclosement, or partial enclosement, of a substance. For example, the 10 immunostimulatory substance such as the unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide can be enclosed by the VLP without the existence of an actual binding, neither covalently nor non-covalently. Therefore, in the preferred meaning, the term "packaged", and hereby in particular, if inmiunostimulatory nucleic acids are the immunostimulatory substances, the term "packaged" indicates that the nucleic 15 acid in a packaged state is not accessible to DNAse or RNAse hydrolysis. In preferred embodiments, the immunostimulatory nucleic acid is packaged inside the VLP capsids, most preferably in a non-covaient manner. PCR product: As used herein, the term "PCR product" refers to amplified copies of target DNA sequences that act as starting material for a PCR. Target sequences can 20 include, for example, double-stranded DNA. The source of DNA for a PCR can be complementary DNA, also referred to as "cDNA", which can be the conversion product of mRNA using reverse transcriptase. The source of DNA for a PCR can be total genomic DNA extracted from cells. The source of cells from which DNA can be extracted for a PCR includes, but is not limited to, blood samples; human, animal, 25 or plant tissues; fimgi; and bacteria. DNA starting material for a PCR can be impurified, partially purified, or highly purified. The source of DNA for a PCR can be from cloned inserts in vectors, which includes, but is not limited to, plasmid vectors and bacteriophage vectors. The term "PCR product" is interchangeable with the term "polymerase chain reaction product". 30 The corapositions of the invention can be combined, optionally, with a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier. The term "pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier" as used herein means one or more compatible solid or liqmd fillers, diluents or encapsulating substances which are suitable for administration into a human or other wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/00654I 28 animal. The term "carrier" denotes an organic or inorganic ingredient, natural or synthetic, with which the active ingredient is combined to facilitate the application. Polypeptide: As used herein, the term "polypeptide" refers to a molecule composed of monomers (amino acids) linearly linlced by amide bonds (also known as peptide 5 bonds). It indicates a molecular chain of amino acids and does not refer to a specific length of the product. Thus, peptides, oligopeptides and proteins are included within the definition of polypeptide. This term is also intended to refer to post-expression modifications of the polypeptide, for example, glycosolations, acetylations, phosphorylations, and the like. A recombinant or derived polypeptide is not 10 necessarily translated fi*om a designated nucleic acid sequence. It may also be generated in any maimer, including chemical synthesis. A substance which "enhances" an immune response refers to a substance in which an immune response is observed that is greater or intensified or deviated in any way with the addition of the substance when compared to the same immune response measured 15 without the addition of the substance. For example, the lytic activity of cytotoxic T cells can be measured, e.g. using a ^'Cr release assay, with and witiiout the substance. The amount of the substance at which the CTL lytic activity is enhanced as compared to the CTL lytic activity without the substance is said to be an amount sufficient to enhance the immune response of the animal to the antigen. In a preferred 20 embodiment, the immune response in enhanced by a factor of at least about 2, more preferably by a factor of about 3 or more. The amount or type of cytokines secreted may also be altered. Alternatively, the amoxmt of antibodies induced or their subclasses may be altered. Effective Amount: As used herein, the term "effective amount" refers to an amount 25 necessary or sufficient to realize a desired biologic effect. An effective amoimt of the composition would be the amount that achieves this selected result, and such an amount could be determined as a matter of routine by a person skilled in the art. For example, an effective amount for treating an immune system deficiency could be that amount necessary to cause activation of the immune system, resulting in the 30 development of an antigen specific immune response upon exposure to antigen. The term is also synonymous with "sufficient amount." The effective amount for any particular appUcation can vary depending on such factors as the disease or condition being treated, the particular composition being wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 29 administered, the size of the subject, and/or the severity of the disease or condition. One of ordinary skill in the art can empirically determine the effective amount of a particular composition of the present invention without necessitating undue experimentation. 5 Treatment: As used herein, the terms "treatment", "treat", "treated" or "treating" refer to prophylaxis and/or therapy. When used with respect to an infectious disease, for example, the term refers to a prophylactic treatment which increases the resistance of a subject to infection with a pathogen or, in other words, decreases tlie likelihood that the subject will become infected with the pathogen or will show signs of illness 10 attributable to the infection, as well as a treatment after the subject has become infected in order to fight the infection, e.g., reduce or eliminate the infection or prevent it from becoming worse. Vaccine: As used herein, the term "vaccine" refers to a formulation which contains the composition of the present invention and which is in a form that is capable of 15 being administered to an animal. Typically, the vaccine comprises a conventional saline or buffered aqueous solution medium in which the composition of the present invention is suspended or dissolved. In this form, the composition of the present invention can be used conveniently to prevent, ameliorate, or otherwise treat a condition. Upon introduction into a host, the vaccine is able to provoke an immune 20 response including, but not limited to, the production of antibodies and/or cytokines and/or the activation of cytotoxic T cells, antigen presenting cells, helper T cells, dendritic cells and/or other cellular responses. Optionally, the vaccine of the present invention additionally includes an adjuvant which can be present in either a minor or major proportion relative to the compound 25 of the present invention. The term "adjuvant" as used herein refers to non-specific stimulators of the immune response or substances that allow generation of a depot in the host which when combined with the vaccine of the present invention provide for an even more enhanced immune response. A variety of adjuvants can be used. Examples include incomplete Freund's adjuvant, aluminum hydroxide and modified 30 muramyldipeptide. Virus-like particle: As used herein, the term "virus-like particle" (VLP) refers to a structure resembling a virus but which has not been demonstrated to be pathogenic. Typically, a virus-like particle m accordance with the invention does not carry genetic wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 30 information encoding for the proteins of the virus-like particle. In general, virus-like particles lack the viral genome and, therefore, are noninfectious. Also, virus-like particles can often be produced in large quantities by heterologous expression and can be easily purified. Some virus-like particles may contain nucleic acid distinct irom 5 their genome. Typically, a virus-like particle in accordance with the invention is uon replicative and noninfectious since it lacks all or part of the viral genome, in particular the replicative and infectious components of the viral genome. A virus-like particle in accordance with the invention may contain nucleic acid distmct from their genome. A typical and preferred embodiment of a virus-like particle in accordance 10 with the present invention is a viral capsid such as the viral capsid of the corresponding virus, bacteriophage, or RNA-phage. The terms "viral capsid" or "capsid", as interchangeably used herem, refer to a macromolecular assembly composed of viral protein subunits. Typically and preferably, the viral protein subunits assemble into a viral capsid and capsid, respectively, having a structure with 15 an inherent repetitive organization, wherein said structure is, typically, spherical or tubular. For example, the capsids of RNA-phages or HBcAg's have a spherical form of icosahedral symmetry. The term "capsid-like structure" as used herein, refers to a macromolecular assembly composed of viral protein subunits ressembling the capsid morphology in the above defined sense but deviating firom the typical symmetrical 20 assembly while maintaining a sufficient degree of order and repetitiveness. VLP of RNA phage coat protein: The capsid structure formed fi:om the self-assembly of 180 subunits of RNA phage coat protein and optionally containing host RNA is referred to as a "VLP of RNA phage coat protein". A specific example is the VLP of Qp coat protein. In this particular case, the VLP of Q(3 coat protein may either be 25 assembled exclusively lErom Qp CP subunits (SEQ ID: No 1) generated by expression of a Qp CP gene containing, for example, a TAA stop codon precluding any expression of the longer Al protein through suppression, see Kozlovska, T.M,, et al, Intervirology 39: 9-15 (1996)), or additionally contain Al protein subunits (SEQ ID: No 2) in the capsid assembly. The readthrough process has a low efficiency and is 30 leading to an only very low amount Al protein m the VLPs. An extensive number of examples have been performed with different combinations of ISS packaged and antigen coupled. No differences in the coupling efficiency and the packaging have wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 31 been observed when VLPs of Qp coat protem assembled exclusively from Qp CP subunits or VLPs of Qp coat protein containing additionally Al protein subunits in the capsids were used. Furthermore, no difference of the immune response between these Qp VLP preparations was observed. Therefore, for the sake of clarity the term 5 "Qp VLP" is used throughout the description of the examples either for VLPs of Qp coat protein assembled exclusively from Qp CP subunits or VLPs of Qp coat protein containing additionally Al protein subunits in the capsids. The term "virus particle" as used herein refers to the morphological form of a virus. In some virus types it comprises a genome surrounded by a protein capsid; others 10 have additional structures (e.g., envelopes, tails, etc.). Non-enveloped viral particles are made up of a proteinaceous capsid that siurounds and protects the viral genome. Enveloped viruses also have a capsid structure surrounding the genetic material of the vinis but, in addition, have a lipid bilayer envelope that surrounds the capsid. 15 In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the VLP's are free of a lipoprotein envelope or a lipoprotein-containing envelope. In a further preferred embodiment, the VLP's are free of an envelope altogether. One, a, or an: When the terms "one," "a," or "an" are used in this disclosure, they mean "at least one" or "one or more," unless otherwise indicated. 20 As will be clear to those skilled in the art, certain embodiments of the invention involve the use of recombinant nucleic acid technologies such as cloning, polymerase chain reaction, the purification of DNA and RKA, tlie expression of recombinant proteins in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, etc. Such methodologies are well known to those skilled in the art and can be conveniently found in published laboratory 25 methods manuals (e.g., Sambrook, J. st al, eds.. MOLECULAR CLONING, A LABORATORY MANUAL, 2nd. edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1989); Ausubel, F. et al, eds., CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, John H. Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1997)). Fundamental laboratory techniques for working with tissue culture cell lines (CeUs, J.^ ed.. CELL BIOLOGY, 30 Academic Press, 2"^ edition, (1998)) and antibody-based technologies (Harlow, E. and Lane, D., "Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual," Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Sprmg Harbor, N.Y. (1988); Deutscher, M.P., "Guide to Protein Purification," wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 32 Meth Enzymol. 128, Academic Press San Diego (1990); Scopes, R.K., "Protein Purification Principles and Practice," 3"^ ed., Springer-Verlag, New York (1994)) are also adequately described in the literature, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. 5 2. Compositions and Methods for Enhancing an Immime Response The disclosed invention provides compositions and methods for enhancing an immune response against one or more antigens in an animal. Compositions of the invention comprise, or alternatively consist of, a virus-like particle and an 10 immune stimulatory substance, preferably an immunostimulatory nucleic acid, and even more preferably an unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide where the oligonucleotide is bound to the virus-like particle and the resulting modified vnus-like particle is mixed with an antigen, several antigens or an antigen mixture. Furthermore, the invention conveniently enables the practitioner to construct such a 15 composition for various treatment and/or prevention purposes, which include the prevention and/or treatment of infectious diseases, as well as chronic infectious diseases, the prevention and/or treatment of cancers, and the prevention and/or treatment of allergies or allergy-related diseases such as asthma, for example. Virus-like particles in the context of the present application refer to structures 20 resembling a virus particle but which are not pathogenic. In general, virus-like particles lack the viral genome and, therefore, are noninfectious. Also, virus-like particles can be produced in large quantities by heterologous expression and can be easily purified. In a preferred embodiment, the virus-like particle is a recombinant virus-like particle. 25 The skilled artisan can produce VLPs using recombmant DNA technology and virus coding sequences which are readily available to the public. For example, the coding sequence of a virus envelope or core protein can be engineered for expression in a baculovirus expression vector using a commercially available baculovirus vector, under the regulatory control of a virus promoter, with appropriate modifications of 30 the sequence to allow functional linkage of the coding sequence to the regulatory sequence. The coding sequence of a virus envelope or core protein can also be engineered for expression in a bacterial expression vector, for example. wo 2004/000351 PCmP2003/006541 33 Examples of VLPs include, but are not limited to, the capsid proteins of Hepatitis B virus (Ulrich, et al. Virus Res. 50:141-182 (1998)), measles virus (Wames, et al, Gene J60:173-178 (1995)), Sindbis virus, rotavirus (U.S. Patent Nos. 5,071,651 and 5,374,426), foot-and-mouth-disease vhus (Twomey, et al, Vaccine 75:1603-1610, 5 (1995)), Norwalk virus (Jiang, X., et al. Science 25(9:1580-1583 (1990); Matsui, S.M., et al, J. Clin. Invest. 57:1456-1461 (1991)), the retroviral GAG protein (PCX Patent Appl. No. WO 96/30523), the retrotransposon Ty protein pi, the surface protein of Hepatitis B virus (WO 92/11291), human papilloma virus (WO 98/15631), RNA phages, Ty, fir-phage, GA-phage, AP 205-phage and, in particular, Qp-phage. 10 As will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, the VLP of the invention is not limited to any specific form. The particle can be synthesized chemically or through a biological process, which can be natural or non-natural. By way of example, this type of embodiment includes a virus-like particle or a recombinant form thereof In a more specific embodiment, the VLP can comprise, or alternatively essentially 15 consist of, or alternatively consist of recombinant polypeptides, or fragments thereof, being selected from recombinant polypeptides of Rotavirus, recombinant polypeptides of Norwalk virus, recombinant polypeptides of Alphavirus, recombinant polypeptides of Foot and Mouth Disease virus, recombinant polypeptides of measles virus, recombinant polypeptides of Sindbis virus, recombinant polypeptides of 20 Polyoma virus, recombinant polypeptides of Retrovirus, recombinant polypeptides of Hepatitis B virus {e.g., a HBcAg), recombinant polypeptides of Tobacco mosaic virus, recombinant polypeptides of Flock House Virus, recombinant polypeptides of human Papillomavirus, recombinant polypeptides of bacteriophages, recombinant polypeptides of RNA phages, recombinant polypeptides of Ty, recombinant 25 polypeptides of fr-phage, recombinant polypeptides of GA-phage, recombinant polypeptides of AP205-phage, and recombinant polypeptides of Qp-phage. The virus-like particle can further comprise, or alternatively essentially consist of, or alternatively consist of, one or more fragments of such polypeptides, as well as variants of such polypeptides. Variants of polypeptides can share, for example, at 30 least 80%), 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, or 99% identity at the amino acid level with their wild-type counterparts. In a preferred embodiment, the virus-like particle comprises, consists essentially of or aitemativeiy consists of recombinant proteins, or fragments thereof, of a RNA-phage. wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 34 Preferably, the RNA-phage is selected from the group consisting of a) bacteriophage Qp; b) bacteriophage R17; c) bacteriophage fr; d) bacteriophage GA; e) bacterio¬phage SP; f) bacteriophage MS2; g) bacteriophage Mil; h) bacteriophage MXl; i) bacteriophage NL95; k) bacteriophage f2; 1) bacteriophage PP7; and m) 5 bacteriophage AP205. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the virus-like particle comprises, consists essentially of or alternatively consists of recombinant proteins, or fragments thereof, of the RNA-bacteriophage QP, of the RNA-bacteriophage fr, or of the RNA-bacteriophage AP205. 10 In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the recombinant proteins comprise, consist essentially of or alternatively consist of coat proteins of RNA -phages. RNA-phage coat proteins forming capsids or VLP's, or fragments of the bacteriophage coat proteins compatible with self-assembly into a capsid or a VLP, 15 are, therefore, fiirther preferred embodiments of the present invention. Bacteriophage Qp coat proteins, for example, can be expressed recombmantly in E. coli. Further, upon such expression these proteins spontaneously form capsids. Additionally, these capsids form a structure witli an inherent repetitive organization. Specific preferred examples of bacteriopliage coat proteins which can be used to 20 prepare compositions of the invention include the coat proteins of RNA bacteriophages such as bacteriophage Qp (SEQ ID N0:1; PIR Database, Accession No. VCBPQP referring to QP CP and SEQ ID NO: 2; Accession No. AAA16663 referring to Qp Al protein), bacteriophage R17 (SEQ ID N0:3; PIR Accession No. VCBPR7), bacteriophage fr (SEQ ID N0:4; PIR Accession No. VCBPFR), 25 bacteriophage GA (SEQ ID NO:5; GenBank Accession No. ,NP-040754), bacteriophage SP (SEQ ID N0:6; GenBank Accession No. CAA30374 referring to SP CP and SEQ ID NO: 7; Accession No. NP 695026 referring to SP Al protein), bacteriophage MS2 (SEQ ID NO:8; PIR Accession No. YCBPM2), bacteriophage Mil (SEQ ID NO:9; GenBank Accession No. AAC06250), bacteriophage MXl 30 (SEQ ID NO:10; GenBank Accession No. AAC14699), bacteriophage NL95 (SEQ ID N0;11; GenBank Accession No. AAC14704), bacteriophage f2 (SEQ ID NO: 12; GenBank Accession No. P03611), bacteriophage PP7 (SEQ ID NO: 13), 35 bacteriophage AP205 (SEQ ID NO: 90). Furthermore, the Al protein of bacteriophage QP (SEQ ID NO: 2) or C-terminal truncated forms missing as much as 100, 150 or 180 amino acids from its C-terminus may be incorporated in a capsid assembly of Qp coat proteins. Generally, the percentage of Al protein relative to Qp CP in the capsid assembly will be limited, in order to ensure capsid formation. Qp coat protein has also been found to setf-assemble into capsids when expressed in E. coli (Kozlovska TM. et al, GENE 137: 133-137 (1993)). The capsid contains 180 copies of the coat protein, which are linked in covalent pentamers and hexamers by disulfide bridges (Golmohammadi, R. et ol, Structure 4: 543-5554 (1996)) leadmg to a remarkable stability of the capsid of Qp coat protein. Capsids or VLP's made from recombinant Qp coat protein may contain, however, subunits not linked via disulfide links to other subunits within the capsid, or incompletely linked. Thus, upon loading recombmant Qp capsid on non-reducing SDS-PAGE, bands corresponding to monomeric Qp coat protein as well as bands corresponding to the hexamer or pentamer of Qp coat protein are visible. Incompletely disulfide-linked subunits could appear as dimer, trimer or even tetramer band in non-reducing SDS-PAGE. Qp capsid protein also shows imusual resistance to organic solvents and denaturing agents. Surprisingly, we have observed that DMSO and acetonitrile concentrations as high as 30%, and Guanidinium concentrations as high as 1 M do not affect the stability of the capsid. The high stability of the capsid of Qp coat protein is an important feature pertaining to its use for immunization and vaccination of mammals and humans in particular. Upon expression in E. colh the N-terminal methionine of Qp coat protein is usually removed, as we observed by N-terminal Edman sequencing as described in StoU, E., et al, J. Biol Chem. 252:990-993 (1977). VLP composed from QP coat proteins where the N-terminal methionine has not been removed, or VLPs comprising a mixture of Qp coat proteins where the N-terminal methionine is eitlier cleaved or present are also within the scope of the.present invention. Further preferred virus-like particles of RNA-phages, in particular of Qp, in accordance of this invention are disclosed in WO 02/056905, the disclosure of which is herewith incorporated by reference in its entirety. Further RNA phage coat proteins have also been shown to self-assemble upon expression in a bacterial host (Kastelein, RA. et al, Gem 23: 245-254 (1983), Kozlovskaya, TM. et al, DoJd. Akad NaukSSSR 287:452-455 (1986), Adhin, MR. et al., Virology 170: 238-242 (1989), Ni, C2., et al, Protein Sci. 5: 2485-2493 (1996), Priano, C. et al., J. Mol. Biol. 249: 283-297 (1995)). The QP phage capsid contains, m addition to the coat protein, the so called read-through protein Al and the maturation protein A2. Al is generated by suppression at the UGA stop codon and has a length of 329 aa. The capsid of phage Qp recombinant coat protein used in the invention is devoid of the A2 lysis protein, and contains RNA from the host. The coat protein of RNA phages is an RNA binding protein, and interacts with the stem loop of the ribosomal binding site of the replicase gene acting as a translational repressor diu-mg the life cycle of the vims. The sequence and structural elements of the interaction are known (Witherell, GW. & Uhlenbeck, OC. Biochemistry 28:1\-16 (1989); Lim F. et al., J. Biol Chem. 271: 31839-31845 (1996)). The stem loop and RNA in general are known to be involved in the virus assembly (Golmohammadi, R. et al, Structure 4: 543-5554(1996)). hi a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the virus-like particle comprises, or alternatively consists essentially of or alternatively consists of recombinant proteins, or firagments thereof of a RNA-phage, wherein the recombinant proteins comprise, consist essentially of or alternatively consist of mutant coat proteins of RNA phages. In another preferred embodiment, the mutant coat proteins have been modified by removal of at least one lysine residue by way of substitution, or by addition of at least one lysine residue by way of substitution. Alternatively, the mutant coat proteins have been modified by deletion of at least one lysine residue, or by addition of at least one lysine residue by way of insertion. In another preferred embodiment, the virus-like particle comprises, consists essentially of, or alternatively consists of recombinant proteins, or fragments thereof, of tiie RNA-bacteriophage Qp, wherein the recombinant proteins comprise, consist essentially of, or alternatively consist of coat proteins having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO; 1, or a mixture of coat proteins having amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NO:l and of SEQ ID NO: 2 or mutants of SEQ ID NO: 2 and wherein the N-terminal methionine is preferably cleaved. In a fiirther preferred embodiment of the present invention, the virus-like particle comprises, consists essentially of or alternatively consists of recombinant proteins of QP, or fragments thereof, wherein the recombinant proteins comprise, consist essentially of or alternatively consist of mutant Qp coat proteins. In another preferred embodiment, these mutant coat proteins have been modified by removal of at least one lysine residue by way of substitution, or by addition of at least one lysine residue by way of substitution. Alternatively, these mutant coat jjtoteins have been modified by deletion of at least one lysine residue, or by addition of at least one lysine residue by way of insertion. Four lysine residues are exposed on the surface of the capsid of Qp coat protein. Qp mutants, for which exposed lysine residues are replaced by arginines can also be used for the present invention. The following Qp coat protein mutants and mutant Qp VLP's can, thus, be used in the practice of the invention: "QP-240" (Lysl3-Arg; SEQ ID N0:14), "QP-243" (Asn 10-Lys; SEQ ID N0;15), "Qp-250" (Lys 2-ATg, Lysl3-Arg; SEQ ID N0:16), "QP-25r' (SEQ ID NO:17) and "Qp-259" (Lys 2-Arg, Lysl6. Arg; SEQ ID NO: 18). Thus, in further preferred embodinient of the present invention, the virus-like particle comprises, consists essentially of or alternatively consists of recombinant proteins of mutant Qp coat proteins, which comprise proteins having an amino acid sequence selected from the group of a) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID N0:14; b) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID N0:15; c) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID N0:]6; d) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID N0:17; and e) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18. The construction, expression and purification of the above mdicated Qp coat proteins, mutant Qp coat i)rotein VLP's and capsids, respectively, are described in WO 02/055905. In particular is hereby referred to Example 18 of above mentioned application. In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the virus-like particle comprises, consists essentially of or alternatively consists of recombinant proteins of QP, or fragments thereof, wherein the recombinant proteins comprise, consist essentially of or alternatively consist of a mixture of either one of the foregoing Qp mutants and the corresponding Al protem. In a further preferred embodiment, the virus-like particle comprises, or alternatively essentially consists of, or alternatively consists of recombinant proteins, or fragments thereof, of RKA-phage AP205. The AP205 genome consists of a maturation protein, a coat protein, a replicase and two open reading frames not present in related phages; a lysis gene and an open reading frame playing a role m the translation of the maturation gene (Klovins, J., et ai, J. Gen. Virol 83: 1523-33 (2002)). AP205 coat protein can be expressed from plasmidpAP283-58 (SEQ ID NO: 91), which is a derivative of pQblO (Kozlovska, T. M.. etal, Gene 757:133-37 (1993)), and which contains an AP205 ribosomal binding site. Alternatively, AP205 coat protein may be cloned into pQbl85, downstream of the ribosomal binding site present in the vector. Both approaches lead to expression of the protein and formation of capsids. Vectors pQblO and pQbl85 are vectors derived from pGEM vector, and expression of the cloned genes in these vectors is controlled by the trp promoter (Kozlovska, T. M. et al.. Gene 737:133-37 (1993)). Plasmid pAP283-58 (SEQ ID NO:91) comprises a putative AP205 ribosomal binding site in the following sequence, which is downstream of the Xbal site, and immediately upstream of the ATG start codon of the AP205 coat protein: /ctoggATTTTCTGCGCACCCATCCCGGGTGGCGCCCAAAGTGAGGAAAATC ACatg (bases 77-133 of SEQ ID NO: 91). The vector pQbl85 comprises a Shine Delagamo sequence downstream from the Xbal site aiid upstream of the start codon (fctogaTTAACCCAACGCGTAGGAG TCAGGCCafg, (SEQ ED NO: 92), Shine Delagamo sequence underlined). In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the virus-like particle comprises, or alternatively essentially consists of, or altematively consists of recombinant coat proteins, or fragments thereof, of the RNA-phage AP205. This preferred embodunent of the present invention, thus, comprises AP205 coat protems that form capsids. Such proteins are recombinantly expressed, or prepared fi-om natural sources. AP205 coat proteins produced m bacteria spontaneously form capsids, as evidenced by Electron Microscopy (EM) and unmunodiffusion. The structural properties of the capsid formed by the AP205 coat protem (SEQ ID NO: 90) and those formed by the coat protein of the AP205 RNA phage are nearly indistinguishable when seen in EM. AP205 VLPs are highly immunogenic, and can be linked with antigens and/or antigenic determinants to generate constructs displaying the antigens and/or antigenic determinants oriented in a repetitive manner. High titers are elicited against the so displayed antigens showing that bound antigens and/or antigenic determinants are accessible for interacting with antibody molecules and are immunogenic. hi a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the virus-like particle comprises, or alternatively essentially consists of, or alternatively consists of recombinant mutant coat proteuis, or fragments thereof, of the RNA-phage AP205. Assembly-competent mutant forms of AJP205 VLPs, mcluding AP205 coat protein with the subsitution of proline at amino acid 5 to threonine (SEQ ID NO: 93), may also be used in the practice of the invention and leads to a fiirther preferred embodiment of the invention. These VLPs, AP205 VLPs derived -from natural sources, or AP205 viral particles, may be bound to antigens to produce ordered repetitive arrays of the antigens in accordance v/ith the present invention. AP205 P5-T mutant coat protein can be expressed from plasmid pAP281-32 (SEQ ID No. 94), which is derived directly from pQbl85, and which contains the mutant AP205 coat protein gene instead of the Qp coat protein gene. Vectors for expression of the AP205 coat protein are transfected into E. coli for expression of the AP205 coat protein. Methods for expression of the coat protein and the mutant coat protein, respectively, leading to self-assembly into VLPs are described in Examples 16 and 17- Suitable E. coli strains include, but are not limited to, E. coli K802, JM 109, RRl. Suitable vectors and strains and combinations thereof can be identified by testing expression of the coat protein and mutant coat protein, respectively, by SDS-PAGE and capsid formation and assembly by optionally first purifying the capsids by gel filtration and subsequently testing them in an immunodiffusion assay (Ouchterlony test) or Electron Microscopy (Kozlovska, T. M., etal. Gene ;i7:133-37 (1993)). AP205 coat proteins expressed from the vectors pAP283-58 and pAP281-32 may be devoid of the initial Methionine amino-acid, due to processmg in the cytoplasm of £. coli. Cleaved, uncleaved forms of AP205 VLP, or mixtures thereof are fiirther preferred embodiments of the invention. In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the virus-like particle comprises, or alternatively essentially consists of, or alternatively consists of a mixture of recombinant coat proteins, or fragments thereof, of the RNA-phage AP205 and of recombinant mutant coat proteins, or fragments thereof, of the RNA-phage AP205. In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the virus-like particle comprises, or alternatively essentially consists of, or alternatively consists of fragments of recombinant coat proteins or recombinant mutant coat proteins of the RNA-phage AP205. Recombinant AP205 coat protein fragments capable of assembling into a VLP and a capsid, respectively are also useful in the practice of tlie invention. These fragments may be generated by deletion, either internally or at the termini of the coat protein and mutant coat protein, respectively. Insertions in the coat protein and mutant coat protein sequence or fusions of antigen sequences to the coat protein and mutant coat protein sequence, and compatible with assembly into a VLP, are fiirther embodiments of the invention and lead to chimeric AP205 coat proteins, and particles, respectively. The outcome of insertions, deletions and fiisions to the coat protein sequence and whether it is compatible with assembly into a VLP can be determined by electron microscopy. The particles formed by the AP205 coat protein, coat protein fragments and chimeric coat proteins described above, can be isolated in pure form by a combination of fractionation steps by precipitation and of purification steps by gel filtration using e.g. Sepharose CL-4B, Sepharose CL-2B, Sepharose CL-6B columns and combinations thereof. Other methods of isolating virus-like particles are known in the art, and may be used to isolate the virus-like particles (VLPs) of bacteriophage AP205. For example, the use of ultracentrifugation to isolate VLPs of the yeast retrotransposon Ty is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,918,166, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The crystal structure of several RNA bacteriophages has been determined (Golmohammadi, R. et al, Structure 4:543-554 (1996)). Using such mformation, one skilled in the art could readily identify surface exposed residues and modify bacteriophage coat proteins such that one or more reactive amino acid residues can be inserted. Thus, one skilled in the art could readily generate and identify modified forms of bacteriophage coat proteins \iWiich can be used for the present invention. Thus, variants of proteins which form capsids or capsid-like structures (e.g., coat proteins of bacteriophage Qp, bacteriophage R17, bacteriophage fr, bacteriophage wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 41 GA, bacteriophage SP, bacteriophage MS2, and bacteriophage AP205) can also be used to prepare compositions of the present invention. Although the sequence of the variants proteins discussed above will differ from their wild-type counterparts, these variant proteins will generally retain the ability to form 5 capsids or capsid-like structures. Thus, the invention fiirther includes compositions and vaccine compositions, respectively, which further include variants of proteins wliich form capsids or capsid-like structures, as well as methods for preparing such compositions and vaccine compositions, respectively, individual protein subimits used to prepare such compositions, and nucleic acid molecules which encode these 10 protein subunits. Thus, included within the scope of the invention are variant forms of wild-type proteins which form capsids or capsid-like structures and retain the ability to associate and form capsids or capsid-like structures. As a result, the invention further includes compositions and vaccine compositions, respectively, comprising proteins, which comprise, or alternatively consist essentially 15 of, or alternatively consist of amino acid sequences which are at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%), 97%, or 99% identical to wild-type proteins which form ordered arrays and having an inherent repetitive structure, respectively. In many instances, these proteins will be processed to remove signal peptides (e.g., heterologous signal peptides). 20 Further included within the scope of the invention are nucleic acid molecules which encode proteins used to prepare compositions of the present invention. In particular embodiments, the invention frirther includes compositions comprising proteins, which comprise, or altematively consist essentially of, or alternatively consist of amino acid sequences which are at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, or 25 99% identical to any of the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID N0s:l-11. Proteins suitable for use in the present invention also include C-terminal truncation mutants of proteins which forni capsids or capsid-like stnictures, as well as other ordered arrays. Specific examples of such truncation mutants include proteins having an amino acid sequence shown in any of SEQ ID NOs:l-ll where 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 30 12, 14, 15, or 17 amino acids have been removed from the C-terminus. Typically, theses C-terminal truncation mutants will retain the ability to form capsids or capsid-like structures. wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 42 Further proteins suitable for use in the present invention also include N-terminal truncation mutants of proteins which form capsids or capsid-like structures. Specific examples of such truncation mutants include proteins having an amino acid sequence shown in any of SEQ ID NOs;l-ll where 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, or 17 amino 5 acids have been removed &om the N-terminus. Typically, these N-terminal truncation mutants will retain the ability to form capsids or capsid-like structures. Additional proteins suitable for use in the present invention include N- and C-terminal truncation mutants which form capsids or capsid-like structures. Suitable truncation mutants include proteins havmg an amino acid sequence shown in any of 10 SEQ ID NOs:l-n where 1, 2, 5, 7, 9. 10, 12, 14, 15, or 17 amino acids have been removed from the N-terminus and 1, 2, 5, 7, 9,10,12,14, 15, or 17 amino acids have been removed from the C-terminus. Typically, these N-terminal and C-terminal truncation mutants will retain the ability to form capsids or capsid-like structures. The invention further includes compositions comprising proteins which comprise, or 15 alternatively consist essentially of, or alternatively consist of, amino acid sequences which are at least 80%, S5%, 90%, 95%, 97%, or 99% identical to tlie above described truncation mutants. Tlie invention thus includes compositions and vaccine compositions prepared from proteins which form ordered arrays, methods for preparing these compositions from 20 individual protein subunits and VLP's or capsids, methods for preparing these individual protein subunits, nucleic acid molecules which encode these subunits, and methods for vaccinating and/or eliciting immunological responses in individuals using these compositions of the present invention. Fragments of VLPs which retain the ability to induce an immune response can 25 comprise, or alternatively consist of, polypeptides which are about 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95,100, 110,120,130,140, 150,160,170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 or 500 amino acids in length, but will obviously depend on the length of the sequence of the subunit composing the VLP. Examples of such fragments include fragments of proteins discussed herein which are 30 suitable for the preparation of the immune response enhancing composition. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the VLP's are free of a lipoprotein envelope or a lipoprotein-containing envelope. In a further preferred embodiment, the VLP's are free of an envelope altogether. The lack of a lipoprotein envelope or lipoprotein-containing envelope and, in particular, the complete lack of an envelope leads to a more defined virus-like particle in its structure and composition. Such more defined virus-like particles, therefore, may minimize side-effects. Moreover, the lack of a lipoprotein-contauiing envelope or, in particular, the complete lack of an envelope avoids or minimizes incorporation of potentially toxic molecules and pyrogens within the viruS-like particle. As previously stated, the invention includes vims-like pafticles or recombinant forms thereof Skilled artisans have the knowledge to produce such particles and mix antigens thereto. By way of providing other examples, tlie invention provides herein for the production of Hepatitis B virus-like particles as vims-iike particles (Example 1). In one embodiment, the particles used in compositions of the invention are composed of a Hepatitis B capsid (core) protein (HBcAg) or a fragment of a HBcAg. In a further embodiment, the particles used in compositions of the invention are composed of a Hepatitis B capsid (core) protein (HBcAg) or a fi-agment of a HBcAg protein, which has been modified to either eliminate or reduce ihe number of fi-ee cysteine residues. Zhou et al. {J. Virol ^(5:5393-5398 (1992)) demonstrated that HBcAgs which have been modified to remove the naturally resident cysteine residues retain die ability to associate and form multimeric structures. Thus, core particles suitable for use in compositions of the invention include those comprising modified HBcAgs, or firagments thereof, in which one or more of the naturally resident cysteine residues have been either deleted or substituted with another amiiio acid residue {e.g., a serine residue). The HBcAg is a protein generated by the processing of a Hepatitis B core antigen precursor protein. A number of isotypes of the HBcAg have been identified and their amino acids sequences are readily available to those skilled in the art. For example, the HBcAg protein having the amino acid sequence shoV^ in SEQ ID NO: 71 is 183 amino acids in length and is generated by the processing of a 212 amino acid Hepatitis B core antigen precursor protein. This processing results in the removal of 29 amino acids fi-om the N-terminus of the Hepatitis B core antigen precursor protein. Similarly, the HBcAg protein that is 185 amino acids in length is generated by tiie processing of a 214 amino acid Hepatitis B core antigen precursor protein. In most instances, compositions and vaccine compositions, respectively, of the invention will be prepared usmg the processed form of a HBcAg (z. e., a HBcAg from which the N-terminal leader sequence of the Hepatitis B core antigen precursor protein have been removed). Further, when HBcAgs are produced under conditions where processing will not occur, the HBcAgs will generally be expressed in "processed" form. For example, when an E. coH expression system directing expression of the protein to the cj^oplasm is used to produce HBcAgs of the invention, tlaese proteins wiU generally be expressed such that the N-terminal leader sequence of the Hepatitis B core antigen precursor protein is not present. The preparation of Hepatitis B virus-like particles, which can be used'for the present invention, is disclosed, for example, in WO.00/32227, and hereby in particular in Examples 17 to 19 and 21 to 24, as well as in WO 01/85208, and hereby in particulai-in Examples 17 to 19, 21 to 24, 31 and 41, and in WO 02/056905. For the latter application, it is in particular referred to Example 23, 24, 31 and 51. All three documents are explicitly incorporated herein by reference. The present invention also includes HBcAg variants which have been modified to delete or substitute one or more additional cysteine residues. Thus, the vaccine compositions of the uivention include compositions comprising HBcAgs in which cysteine residues not present in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 71 have been deleted. It is well known in the art that free cysteine residues can he involved in a number of chemical side reactions. These side reactions include disulfide exchanges, reaction with chemical substances or metabolites that are, for example, injected or formed in a combination, therapy with other substances, or direct oxidation and reaction with nucleotides upon exposure to UV light. Toxic adducts could thus be generated, especially considering the fact that HBcAgs have a strong tendency to bind nucleic acids. The toxic adducts would thus be distributed between a multiplicity of species, which individually may each be present at low concentration, but reach toxic levels when together. In view of the above, one advantage to the use of HBcAgs in vaccine compositions which have been modified to remove naturally resident cysteine residues is that sites to which toxic species can bind when antigens or antigenic determinants are attached would be reduced in number or eliminated altogether. A number of naturally occurring HBcAg variants suitable for use in the practice of the present invention have been identified. Yuan et al, {J. Virol 75:)0122-10128 (1999)), foi example, describe 'vaiiants m 'which 't!:ie isoieuciiae lesidue a\ position corresponding to position 97 in SEQ ID NO: 19 is replaced with either a leucine residue or a phenylalanine residue. The amino acid sequences of a number of HBcAg variants, as well as several Hepatitis B core antigen precursor variants, are disclosed in GenBank reports AAF121240 (SEQ ID NO:20), AF121239 (SEQ ID N0:21), X85297 (SEQ ID NO:22), X02496 (SEQ ID NO:23), X85305 (SEQ ID NO:24), X85303 (SEQ ID NO:25), AF151735 (SEQ ID NO:26), X85259 (SEQ ID NO:27X X85286 (SEQ ID NO:28), X85260 (SEQ ID NO:29), X85317 (SEQ ID NO:30), X85298 (SEQ ID N0:31), AF043593 (SEQ ID NO:32), M20706 (SEQ ID NO:33), X85295 (SEQ ID NO:34), X80925 (SEQ ID NO:35X X85284 (SEQ ID NO:36), X85275 (SEQ ID NO:37), X72702 (SEQ ID NO:38X X85291 (SEQ ID NO:39), X65258 (SEQ ID NO:40), X85302 (SEQ ID NO:41), M32138 (SEQ ID NO:42). X85293 (SEQ ID NO:43), X85315 (SEQ ID NO:44), U95551 (SEQ ID NO:45), X85256 (SEQ ID NO;46), X85316 (SEQ ID NO:47), X85296 (SEQ ID NO:48), AB033559 (SEQ ID NO:49), X59795 (SEQ ID NO:50), X85299 (SEQ ID NO:51), X85307 (SEQ ID NO:52), X65257 (SEQ ID NO:53), X853I1 (SEQ ID NO:54), X85301 (SEQ ID NO:55), X85314 (SEQ ID NO:56), X85287 (SEQ ID NO:57), X85272 (SEQ ID NO:58), X85319 (SEQ ID NO:59), AB010289 (SEQ ID NO:60), X85285 (SEQ ID N0:6I), AB010289 (SEQ ID NO:62), AF121242 (SEQ ID NO:63), M90520 (SEQ ID NO-.64), P03153 (SEQ H) NO-.65), AFU0999 (SEQ ID NO:66), and M95589 (SEQ ID NO:67), the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference. These HBcAg variants differ in amino acid sequence at a mnnber of positions, including amino acid residues which corresponds to the amino acid residues located at positions 12,13, 21, 22, 24, 29, 32, 33, 35, 38, 40, 42, 44,45, 49, 51, 57, 58, 59, 64, 66, 67, 69, 74, 77, 80, 81, 87, 92, 93, 97, 98, 100, 103, 105, 106, 109, 113, 116, 121, 126, 130, 133, 135, 141, 147, 149, 157, 176, 178, 182 and 183 in SEQ ID NO:68. Further HBcAg variants suitable for use in the compositions of the invention, and which may be further modified according to the disclosure of this specification are described in WO 01/98333, WO 00/177158 and WO 00/214478. wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 46 HbcAgs suitable for use in the present invention can be derived from any organism so long as they are able to enclose or to be coupled or otherwise attached to an unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide and induce an immune response. As noted above, generally processed HBcAgs (i.e., those which lack leader 5 sequences) will be used in the compositions and vaccine compositions, respectively, of the invention. The present invention includes vaccine compositions, as well as methods for using these compositions, which employ the above described variant HBcAgs. Further included within the scope of the invention are additional HBcAg variants 10 which are capable of associating to form dimeric or multimeric structures. Thus, the invention further includes compositions and vaccine compositions, respectively, comprising HBcAg polypeptides comprising, or alternatively consisthig of, amino acid sequences which are at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, or 99% identical to any of the wild-type amino acid sequences, and forms of these proteins which have been 15 processed, where appropriate, to remove the N-terminal leader sequence. Whether the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide has an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97% or 99% identical to one of the above wild-type amino acid sequences, or a subportion thereof, can be determined conventionally using known computer programs such the Bestfit program. When using Bestfit or 20 any other sequence alignment program to determine whether a particular sequence is, -for instance, 95% identical to a reference amino acid sequence, the parameters are set such that the percentage of identity is calculated over the full length of the reference amino acid sequence and that gaps in homology of up to 5% of the total nximber of amino acid residues in tlie reference sequence are allowed. 25 The HBcAg variants and precursors having the amino acid sequences set out in SEQ ID NOs: 20-63 and 64-67 are relatively similar to each other. Thus, reference to an amino acid residue of a HBcAg variant located at a position which corresponds to a particular position in SEQ ID NO:68, refers to the amino acid residue which is present at that position in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:68. The 30 homology between these HBcAg variants is for the most part high enough among Hepatitis B viruses that infect mammals so that one skilled in the art would have little difficulty reviewing both the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:68 and that of a particular HBcAg variant and identifying "corresponding" amino acid residues. For example, the HBcAg amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ED NO:64, which shows the amino acid sequence of a HBcAg derived from a virus which infect woodchucks, has enough homology to the HBcAg having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ H) NO:68 that it is readily apparent that a three amino acid residue insert is present in SEQ ID NO:64 between amino acid residues 155 and 156 of SEQ IDNO:68. The invention also includes vaccine compositions which comprise HBcAg variants of Hepatitis B viruses which infect birds, as wells as vaccine compositions which comprise fragments of these HBcAg variants. For these HBcAg variants one, two, three or more of the cysteine residues naturally present in these polypeptides could be either substituted with another amino acid residue or deleted prior to their inclusion in vaccine compositions of the invention. As discussed above, the elimination of free cysteine residues reduces the number of sites where toxic components can bind to the HBcAg, and also eliminates sites where cross-linking of lysine and cysteine residues of the same or of neighboring HBcAg molecules can occur. Therefore, in another embodiment of the present invention, one or more cysteine residues of the Hepatitis B virus capsid protein have been either deleted or substituted with another amino acid residue. In other embodiments, compositions and vaccine compositions, respectively, of the invention will contain HBcAgs from which the C-terminal region {e.g., amino acid residues 145-185 or 150-185 of SEQ ID NO:68) has been removed. Thus, additional modified HBcAgs suitable for use in the practice of the present invention include C-terminal truncation mutants. Suitable truncation mutants include HBcAgs where 1, 5,10,15, 20,25, 30, 34, 35, amino acids have been removed from the C-terminus. HBcAgs suitable for use in the practice of the present invention also include N-terminal truncation mutants. Suitable truncation mutants include modified HBcAgs where 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, or 17 amino acids have been removed from the N-terminus. Further HBcAgs suitable for use in the practice of the present invention include N-and C-terminal truncation mutants. Suitable truncation mutants include HBcAgs where 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, and 17 amino acids have been removed from tlie N-terminus and 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 34, 35 amino acids have been removed from W0 2( the C-terminus as long as truncation of the C terminus is compatible with binding of CpG-containing oligonucleotides. The invention further includes vaccine compositions comprising HBcAg polypeptides comprising, or alternatively consisting of, amino acid sequences which are at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, or 99% identical to the above described truncation mutants. In certain embodiments of the invention, a lysine residue is introduced into a HBcAg polypeptide, to mediate the binding of the antigen or antigenic determinant to the VLP of HBcAg. In preferred embodiments, compositions of the invention are prepared using a HBcAg comprising, or alternatively consisting of, amino acids 1-144, or 1-149, or 1-185 of SEQ ID NO:68, which is modified so that the amino acids corresponding to positions 79 and 80 are replaced with a peptide having the amino acid sequence of Gly-Gly-Lys-Gly-Gly (SEQ ID NO:95), resulting in the HBcAg variant having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 96. In further preferred ecabodimetvts, the cysteine residues at positioias 48 arvd 107 of SEQ ID NO'.68 are mutated to serine (SEQ ID NO: 97). The invention further includes compositions comprising the corresponding polypeptides having amino acid sequences shown in any of SEQ ID NOs:20-67, which also have above noted amino acid alterations. Further included within the scope of the invention are additional HBcAg variants which are capable of associating to form a capsid or VLP and have the above noted amino acid alterations. Thus, the invention fiirther includes compositions comprising HBcAg polypeptides which comprise, or alternatively consist of, amino acid sequences which are at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97% or 99% identical to any of the wild-type amino acid sequences, and forms of these proteins which have been processed, where appropriate, to remove the N-terminal leader sequence and modified with above noted alterations. Compositions of the invention may comprise mixtures of different HBcAgs. Thus, these compositions may be composed of HBcAgs which differ in amino acid sequence. For example, compositions could be prepared comprising a "wild-type" HBcAg and a modified HBcAg in wliich one or more amino acid residues have been altered {e.g., deleted, inserted or substituted). Further, preferred vaccine compositions of the invention are those which present highly ordered and repetitive antigen arrays. hi one aspect of the invention a virus-like particle, to which an unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide is bound, is mixed with antigen/immunogen against which an enhanced immune response is desired, hi some instances, a single antigen will be mixed with the so modified virus-like particle. In other instances, the so modified VLPs will be mixed with several antigens or even complex antigen mixtures. The antigens can be produced recombinantly or be extracted from natural sources, which include but are not limited to pollen, dust, frmgi, insects, food, mammalian epidermals, feathers, bees, tumors, pathogens and feathers. As previously disclosed, the invention is based on the surprising finding that modified VLP's, i.e. VLP's to which immunostimulatory substances, preferably immunostimulatory nucleic acids and even more preferably DNA oligonucleotides or alternatively poly (I:C) are boimd, and preferably to which knmunostimulatory substances, preferably immunostmaulatory nucleic acids and even more preferably DNA oligonucleotides or alternatively poly (I:C) are bound to leading to packaged VLPs, can enhance B and T cell responses against antigens solely through mixing the so modified VLPs with antigens. Surprisingly, no covalent linkage or coupling of the antigen to the VLP is required. In addition, the T ceil responses against both the VLPs and antigens are especially directed to the Thl type. Furthermore, the packaged nucleic acids and CpGs, respectively, are protected from degradation, i.e., they are more stable. Moreover, non-specific activation of cells from the immime system is dramatically reduced. The inoaate immune system has the capacity to recognize invariant molecular pattern shared by microbial pathogens. Recent studies have revealed that this recognition is a crucial step in inducmg effective immune responses. The main mechanism by which microbial products augment immune responses is to stimulate APC, expecially dendritic cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines and to express high levels costimulatory molecules for T cells. These activated dendritic cells subsequently initiate primary T cell responses and dictate the type of T cell-mediated effector function. Two classes of nucleic acids, namely 1) bacterial DNA that contains immunostimulatory sequences, in particular unmethylated CpG dinucleotides within specific flanking bases (referred to as CpG motifs) and 2) double-stranded RNA synthesized by various types of viruses represent important members of the microbial components that enhance immune responses. Synthetic double stranded (ds) RNA such as polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I;C) are capable of inducing dendritic cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines and to express high levels of costimulatory molecules. A series of studies by Tokunaga and Yamamoto et al. has shown that bacterial DNA or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides induce human PBMC and mouse spleen cells to produce type I interferon (IFN) (reviewed in Yamamoto et al., Springer Semin hnmunopathol. 22:11-19). Poly (I:C) was originally synthesized as a potent inducer of type I IFN but also induces other cytokines such as IL-12. Preferred ribonucleic acid encompass polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid double-stranded RNA (poly I:C). Ribonucleic acids and modifications thereof as well as methods for their production have been described by Levy, H.B (Methods Enzymol. 1981, 78:242-251), DeClercq, E (Methods Enzymol. 1981,78:227-236) and Torrence, P.P. (Methods Enzymol 1981;78:326-331) and references therein. Further preferred ribonucleic acids comprise polynucleotides of inosinic acid and cytidiylic acid such poly (IC) of which two strands forms double stranded RNA. Ribonucleic acids can be isolated from organisms. Ribonucleic acids also encompass further synthetic ribonucleic acids, in particular synthetic poly (I:C) oligonucleotides that have been rendered nuclease resistant by modification of the phosphodiester backbone, in particular by phosphorothioate modifications. In a further embodiment the ribose backbone of poly (I:C) is replaced by a deoxyribose. Those skilled in the art know procedures how to synthesize synthetic oligonucleotides. In another preferred embodiment of the invention molecules that active toll-like receptors (TLR) are enclosed. Ten human toll-like receptors are known uptodate. They are activated by a variety of ligands. TLR2 is activated by peptidoglycans, lipoproteins, Hpopolysacchrides, lipoteichonic acid and Zymosan, and macrophage-activating lipopeptide MALP-2; TLR3 is activated by double-stranded RNA such as poly (I:C); TLR4 is activated by lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acids and taxol and heat-shock proteins such as heat shock protein HSP-60 and Gp96; TLR5 is activated by bacterial flagella, especially the flagellin protein; TLR6 is activated by peptidoglycans, TLR7 is activated by imiquimoid and imidazoquinoline compounds, such as R-848, loxoribine and bropirimine and TLR9 is activated by bacterial DNA, in particular CpG-oligonucleotides. Ligands for TLRl, TLR8 and TLRIO are not known so far. However, recent reports indicate that same receptors can react with different ligands and that further receptors are present. The above list of ligands is not exhaustive and further ligands are within the knowledge of the person skilled in the art. In general, the unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide comprises the sequence: 5' X1X2CGX3X4 3' wherein Xi, X2, X3 and X4 are any nucleotide. In addition, the oligonucleotide can comprise about 6 to about 100,000 nucleotides, preferably about 6 to about 2000 nucleotides, more preferably about 20 to about 2000 nucleotides, and even more preferably comprises about 20 to about 300 nucleotides. In addition, the oligonucleotide can comprise more than 100 to about 2000 nucleotides, preferably more than 100 to about 1000 nucleotides, and more preferably more than 100 to about 500 nucleotides. In a preferred embodiment, the CpG-containing oligonucleotide contains one or more phosphothioester modifications of the phosphate backbone. For example, a CpG-containing oligonucleotide having one or more phosphate backbone modifications or having all of the phosphate backbone modified and a CpG-containing oligonucleotide wherein one, some or all of the nucleotide phosphate backbone modifications are phosphorothioate modifications are included within the scope of the present invention. The CpG-containing oligonucleotide can also be recombinant, genomic, synthetic, cDNA, plasmid-derived and single or double stranded. For use in the instant invention, the nucleic acids can be synthesized de novo using any of a number of procedures well known in the art. For example, the b-cyanoethyl phosphoramidite method (Beaucage, S. L., and Caruthers, M. H., Tel Let. 22:1859 (1981); nucleoside H-phosphonate method (Garegg et al, Tet. Let 27:4051-4054 (1986); Froehler et al, Nucl Acid Res. 14:5399-5407 (1986); Garegg et al, Tet. Let. 27:4055-4058 (1986), Gaffaey et al, Tet. Let. 2P:2619-2622 (1988)). These chemistries can be performed by a variety of automated oligonucleotide synthesizers available in the market. Altematively, CpGs can be produced on a large scale in plasmids, (see Sambrook, T., et al, "Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual," Cold Spring Harbor laboratory Press, New York, 1989) which after being administered to a subject are degraded into oligonucleotides. Oligonucleotides can be prepared from existing nucleic acid sequences (e.g., genomic or cDNA) using kno\vn techniques, such as those employing restriction enzymes, exonucleases or endonucleases. The immiraostimulatory substances, the immunostimulatory nucleic acids as well as the unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide c%n be bound to the VLP by any way known is the art provided the composition enhances an immune response in an animal. For example, the oligonucleotide can be bound either covalentiy or non-covalently. In addition, the VLP can enclose, fiilly or partially, the immunostimulatory substances, the immunostimulatory nucleic acids as well as the unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide. Preferably, the immunostimulatory nucleic acid as well as the unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide can be bound to a VLP site such as an oligonucleotide binding site (either naturally or non-naturally occurring), a DNA binding site or a RNA binding site. In another embodiment, the VLP site comprises an arginine-rich repeat or a lysine-rich repeat. One specific use for the compositions of the invention is to activate dendritic cells for the purpose of enhancing a specific immune response against antigens. The dendritic cells can be enhanced using ex vivo or m vivo techniques. The ex vivo procedure can be used on autologous or heterologous cells, but is preferably used on autologous cells. In preferred embodiments, the dendritic cells are isolated from peripheral blood or bone marrow, but can be isolated from any source of dendritic cells. Ex vivo manipulation of dendritic cells for the purposes of cancer unmimotherapy have been described in several references in the art, including Engleman, E. G., Cytotechnology 25:1 (1997); Van Schooten, W., et al. Molecular Medicine Today, June, 255 (1997); Steinman, R. M., Experimental Hematology 2^^:849 (1996); and Gluckmao. J. C, Cytokines, Cellular and Molecular Therapy i:187 (1997). The dendritic cells can also be contacted with the inventive compositions using m vivo methods. In order to accomplish this, the CpGs are administered in combination with the VLP mixed with antigens directly to a subject in need of immunotherapy. In some embodiments, it is preferred that the VLPs/CpGs be administered in the local region of the tumor, which can be accomplished in any way known in the art, e.g.^ direct injection into the tumor. In a further very preferred embodiment of the present invention, the unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide comprises, or alternatively consists essentially of, or alternatively consists of the sequence GGGGGGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGGGGGG (SEQ ID NO: 122). The latter was previously found to be able to stimulate blood cells in vitro (Kuramoto E. et al., Japanese Journal Cancer Research 83, 1128-1131 (1992). In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the immunostimulatory substance is an unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide, wherein the CpG motif of said unmethylated CpG-containing oUgonucIeotide is part of a palindromic sequence. Preferably said palindromic sequence is GACGATCGTC (SEQ ID NO: 105), In another preferred embodiment, the palindromic sequence is flanked at its 3'-terminus and at its 5'-terminus by less than 10 guanosine entities, wherein preferably said palindromic sequence is GACGATCGTC (SEQ ID NO: 105). In a further preferred embodiment the palindromic sequence is flanked at its N-terminus by at least 3 and at most 9 guanosine entities and wherein said palindromic sequence is flanked at its C-terminus by at least 6 and at most 9 guanosine entities. These inventive immunostimulatory substances have unexpectedly found to be very efficiently packaged into VLPs. The packaging ability was hereby enhanced as compared to the corresponding immunostimulatory substance having the sequence GACGATCGTC (SEQ ID NO: 105) flanked by 10 guanosine entitites at the 5' and 3' terminus. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the palindromic sequence comprises, or alternatively consist essentially of, or alternatively consists of or is GACGATCGTC (SEQ ID NO: 105), wherein said palindromic sequence is flanked at its 5'-terminus by at least 3 and at most 9 guanosme entities and wherein said palindromic sequence is flanked at its 3'-terminus by at least 6 and at most 9 guanosine entities. In a further very preferred embodunent of the present invention, the immunostimulatory substance is an unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide, wherein the CpG motif of said unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide is part of a palindromic sequence, wherein said unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide has a nucleic acid sequence selected from (a) GGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGG ((SEQ ID NO: 106); and typically abbreviated herein as G3-6), (b) GGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGG ((SEQ ID NO: 107); and typically abbreviated herein as G4-6), (c) GGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGG ((SEQ wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 54 ID NO: 108); and typically abbreviated herein as G5-6), (d) GGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGG ((SEQ ID NO: 109); and typically abbreviated herein as G6-6), (e) GGGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGGG ((SEQ ID NO: HO); and typically abbreviated herein as G7-7), (f) 5 GGGGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGGGG ((SEQ ID NO: 111); and typically abbreviated herem as G8-8), (g) GGGGGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGGGGG ((SEQ ID NO: 112); and typically abbreviated herein as G9-9), and (h) GGGGGGCGACGACGATCGTCGTCGGGGGGG ((SEQ ID ^O: 113); and typically abbreviated herein as G6). 10 In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention the immunostimulatory substance is an unmethylated CpG-contairdng oligonucleotide, wherein the CpG motif of said unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide is part of a palindromic sequence, wherein said palindromic sequence is GACGATCGTC (SEQ ID NO: 105), and wherein said palindronaic sequence is flanked at its 5'-terminus of at least 4 and V 15 at most 9 guanosine entities and wherein said palindromic sequence is flanked at its 3'-terminus of at least 6 and at most 9 guanosine entities. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention the immunostimulatory substance is an unmethylated CpG-contaming oligonucleotide, wherein the CpG motif of said unmethylated CpG-containing oUgonucleotide is part of a palindromic 20 sequence, wherein said unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide has a nucleic acid sequence selected from (a) GGQGGACGATCGTCGQGGGG ((SEQ ID NO: 107), and typically abbreviated herein as G4-6); (b) GGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGG ((SEQ ID NO: 108), and typically abbreviated herem as G5-6); (c) GGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGG ((SEQ ID NO: 109),; and W 25 typically abbreviated herein as G6-6); (d) GGGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGGG ((SEQ ID NO: 110), and typically abbreviated herein as G7-7); (e) GGGGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGGGG ((SEQ ID NO: 111), and typically abbreviated herem as G8-8); (f) GGGGGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGGGGG ((SEQ ID NO; 112), and typically abbreviated herem as G9-9). 30 In a further pieferred embodiment of the present invention the immunostimulatory substance is an unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide, wherein the CpG motif of said unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide is part of a palindromic sequence, wherein said palindromic sequence is GACGATCGTC (SEQ ID NO: 105), wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 55 and wherein said palindromic sequence is flanked at its 5'-terminus of at least 5 and at most 8 guanosine entities and wherein said palindromic sequence is flanked at its 3'-terminus of at least 6 and at most 8 guanosine entities. The experimental data show that the ease of packaging of the preferred inventive 5 immunostimulatory substances, i.e. the guanosine flanked, palindromic and unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotides, wherein the palindromic sequence is GACGATCGTC (SEQ ID NO: 105), and wherein the palindromic sequence is flanked at its 3'-terrainus and at its 5'-terminus by less than 10 guanosine entities, into VLP's increases if the palindromic sequences are flanked by fewer guanosine 10 entities. However, decreasing the number of guanosine entities flanking the palindromic sequences leads to a decrease of stimulating blood cells in vitro. Thus, packagability is paid by decreased biological activity of the indicated inventive immunostimulatory substances. The preferred embodiments represent, thus, a compromise between packagability and biological activity. ^ 15 In another preferred embodiment of the present invention the immunostimulatory substance is an unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide, wherein the CpG motif of said unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide is part of a palindromic sequence, wherein said unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide has a nucleic acid sequence selected from (a) GGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGG ((SEQ ID NO: 20 108), and typically abbreviated herein as G5-6); (b) GGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGG ((SEQ ID NO: 109), and typically abbreviated herein as G6-6); (c) GGGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGGG ((SEQ ID NO: 110), and typically abbreviated herem as G7-7); (d) GGGGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGGGG ((SEQ ID NO: 111), and typically W 25 abbreviated herein as G8-8). In a very preferred embodiment of the present invention the immunostimulatory substance is an unmethylated CpG-contaming oligonucleotide, wherein the CpG motif of said unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide is part of a palindromic sequence, wherem said immethylated has the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30 111, i.e.the immunostimulatory substance is G8-8. As mentioned above, the optimal sequence used to package into VLPs is a compromise between packagability and biological activity. Taking this into consideration, the G8-8 immunostimulatoy substance is a further very preferred embodiment of the present invention since it is biologically highly active while it still reasonably well packaged. The inventive composition further comprises an antigen or antigenic determinant mixed with the modified virus-like particle. The invention provides for compositions 5 that vary according to the antigen or antigenic determinant selected in consideration of the desired therapeutic effect. Antigens or antigenic determinants suitable for use in the present invention are disclosed in WO 00/32227, in WO 01/85208 and m WO 02/056905, the disclosures of which are herewith incorporated by reference in their entireties. 10 The antigen can be any antigen of known or yet unknown provenance. It can be isolated from bacteria; viruses or other pathogens; tumors; or trees, grass, weeds, plants, fungi, mold, dust mites, food, or animals known to trigger allergic responses in sensitized patients. Alternatively, the antigen can be a recombinant antigen obtained from expression of suitable nucleic acid coding therefor. In a preferred embodiment, 15 the antigen is a recombinant antigen. The selection of the antigen is, of course, dependent upon the immunological response desired and the host. The present invention is applicable to a wide variety of antigens. In a preferred embodiment, the antigen is a protein, polypeptide or peptide. Antigens of the invention can be selected from the group consisting of the following: 20 (a) polypeptides suited to induce an immune response against cancer cells; (b) polypeptides suited to induce an immune response against infectious diseases; (c) polypeptides suited to induce an immune response against allergens; (d) polypeptides suited to induce an immune response in farm animals or pets; (e) carbohydrates naturally present on the polypeptides and (f) fragments {e.g. a domain) of any of the 25 polypeptides set out in (a)-(e). Preferred antigens include those from a pathogen (e.g. virus, bacterium, parasite, fungus) tumors (especially tumor-associated antigens or "tumor markers") and allergens. Other preferred antigens are autoantigens and self antigens, respectively.. In specific embodiments described in the Examples, the antigen is bee venom. Up to 3% of the population are allergic to bee venom and it is possible to sensitize mice to bee venom in order to make them allergic. Hence, bee venom is an ideal allergen mixture that allows the study of immime responses induced by such mixtures in the presence or absence of various adjuvants, such as CpG-packaged VLPs. {See inter alia Example 4 and Example 9.) In some Examples, VLPs containing peptide p33 were used. It shoidd be noted that the VLPs containing peptide p33 were used only for reasons of convenience, and that wild-type VLPs can likewise be used in the present invention. The peptide p33 derived from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). The p33 peptide represents one of the best studied CTL epitopes (Pircher et al, "Tolerance induction in double specific T-cell receptor transgenic mice varies with antigen," Nature 342:559 (1989); Tissot et al, "Characterizing the functionality of recombinant T-cell receptors in vitro: a pMHC tetramer based approach," J Immunol Methods 236:147 (2000); Bachmann et al., "Four types of Ca2+-signals after stimulation of naive T cells with T cell agonists, partial agonists and antagonists," Eur. J. Immunol. 27:3414 (1997); Bachmann et al., "Functional maturation of an anti-viral cytotoxic T ceU response," J. Virol 71:5764 (1997); Bachmann et al, "Peptide induced TCR-down regulation on naive T cell predicts agonist/partial agonist properties and strictly correlates with T cell activation," Eur. J. Immunol 27:2195 (1997); Bachmann et al.j "Distinct roles for LFA-1 and CD28 during activation of naive T cells: adhesion versus costimulation," Immunity 7:549 (1997)). p33-specific T cells have been shown to induce lethal diabetic disease in transgenic mice (Ohashi et al.^ "Ablation of 'tolerance' and induction of diabetes by virus infection in viral antigen transgenic mice," Cell 65:305 (1991)) as well as to be able to prevent growth of tumor cells expressing p33 (Kiindig et al., "Fibroblasts act as efficient antigen-presenting cells in lymphoid organs," Science 268:1343 (1995); Speiser et al, "CTL tumor therapy specific for an endogenous antigen does not cause autoimmune disease," J. Exp. Med. 186:645 (1997)). This specific epitope, therefore, is particularly well suited to study autoimmunity, tumor immunology as well as viral diseases. In one specific embodiment of the invention, the antigen or antigenic determinant is one that is useful for the prevention of infectious disease. Such treatment will be useful to treat a wide variety of infectious diseases affecting a wide range of hosts, e.g., human, cow, sheep, pig, dog, cat, other mammalian species and non-mammalian species as well. Infectious diseases are well known to those skilled in the art, and examples include infections of viral etiology such as HIV, influenza, Herpes, viral hepatitis, Epstem Bar, polio, viral encephalitis, measles, chicken pox, Papilloma virus etc.; or infections of bacterial etiology such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, syphilis, etc.; or infections of parasitic etiology such as malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, amoebiasis, etc. Thus, antigens or antigenic determinants selected for the compositions of the invention will be well known to those in the medical art; examples of antigens or antigenic determinants include the following: the HIV antigens gpl40 and gpl60; the mfluenza antigens hemagglutinin, M2 protein and neuraminidase. Hepatitis B surface antigen or core and circumsporozoite protein of malaria or fragments thereof. As discussed above, antigens include infectious microbes such as viruses, bacteria and fungi and fragments thereof, derived from natural sources or synthetically. Infectious viruses of both human and non-human vertebrates include retroviruses, RNA viruses and DNA viruses. The group of retroviruses includes both simple retrovu-uses and complex retroviruses. The simple retroviruses include the subgroups of B-type retroviruses, C-type retroviruses and D-type retroviruses. An example of a B-type retrovirus is mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). The C-type retroviruses include subgroups C-type group A (including Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), avian leukemia virus (ALV), and avian myeloblastosis virus (AMY)) and C-type group B (including murine leukemia virus (MLV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), murine sarcoma virus (MSV), gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV), spleen necrosis virus (SNV), reticuloendotheliosis virus (RV) and simian sarcoma vmis (SSV)). The D-type retroviruses include Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) and simian retrovirus type 1 (SRV-1). The complex retroviruses include the subgroups of lentiviruses, T-cell leukemia viruses and the foamy viruses. Lentiviruses include HIV-1, but also include HIV-2, SIV, Visna virus, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). The T-cell leukemia viruses include HTLV-1, HTLV-II, simian T-cell leukemia virus (STLV), and bovme leukemia virus (BLV). The foamy viruses include human foamy virus (HFV), simian foamy virus (SFV) and bovine foamy virus (BFV). Examples of RNA viruses that are antigens in vertebrate animals include, but are not limited to, the following: members of the family Reoviridae, including the genus Orthoreovirus (multiple serotypes of both mammalian and avian retroviruses), the genus Orbivirus (Bluetongue virus, Eugenangee vims, Kemerovo virus, African horse sickness virus, and Colorado Tick Fever virus), the genus Rotavirus (human rotavirus, Nebraska calf diarrhea virus, murine rotavirus, simian rotavirus, bovine or ovine rotavirus, avian rotavirus); the family Picomaviridae, including the genus Enterovirus (poliovims, Cox^ackie virus A and B, enteric cytopathic human orphan (ECHO) viruses, hepatitis A, C, D, E and G viruses, Sknian enteroviruses, Murine encephalomyelitis (ME) viruses, PoHovirus muris, Bovine enteroviruses. Porcine enteroviruses, the genus Cardiovirus (Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC), Mengovirus), the genus Rhino virus (Human rhinoviruses including at least 113 subtypes; other rhinoviruses), the genus Apthovirus (Foot and Mouth disease (FMDV); the fanoily Calciviridae, including Vesicular exanthema of swine virus, San Miguel sea lion vhus, Feline picomavirus and Norwalk virus; the family Togaviridae, including the genus Alphavirus (Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Semliki forest virus, Sindbis virus, Chikungunya virus, O'Nyong-Nyong virus, Ross river virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis vhus, Western equine encephalitis vhus), the genus Flavirius (Mosquito borne yellow fever virus. Dengue vhus, Japanese encephalitis virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Murray Valley encephalitis vu:us. West Nile virus, Kunjin virus. Central European tick borne virus. Far Eastern tick borne virus, Kyasanur forest virus, Louping III virus, Powassan virus, Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus), the genus Rubivirus (Rubella virus), the genus Pestivirus (Mucosal disease virus, Hog cholera virus. Border disease virus); the family Bunyaviridae, mcluding the genus Bimyvirus (Bunyamwera and related viruses, California encephalitis group viruses), the genus Phlebovirus (Sandfly fever Sicilian virus. Rift Valley fever virus), the genus NairovJrus (Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Nairobi sheep disease virus), and the genus Uukuvirus (Uukuniemi and related viruses); the family Orthomyxoviridae, including the genus hifluenza vhus (Influenza virus type A, many human subtypes); Swine influenza virus, and Avian and Equine Influenza viruses; influenza type B (many human subtypes), and influenza type C (possible separate genus); the family paramyxoviridae, includmg the genus Paramyxovirus (Parainfluenza virus type 1, Sendai vhus, Hemadsorption virus. Parainfluenza viruses types 2 to 5, Newcastle Disease Virus, Mumps virus), the genus Morbillivirus (Measles virus, subacute sclerosmg panencephalitis virus, distemper virus, Rinderpest virus), the genus Pneumovirus (respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Bovine respiratory syncytial virus and Pneumonia virus of mice); forest virus, Sindbis virus, Chikungunya virus, O'Nyong-Nyong virus, Ross river virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus), the genus Flavirius (Mosquito borne yellow fever virus, Dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Murray Valley encephalitis virus. West Nile virus, Kunjin virus. Central European tick borne virus. Far Eastern tick borne virus, Kyasanur forest virus, Louping HI virus, Powassan virus, Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus), the genus Rubivirus (Rubella virus), the genus Pestivirus (Mucosal disease virus, Hog cholera virus, Border disease virus); the family Bunyaviridae, mcluding the genus Bunyvirus (Bunyamwera and related viruses, California encephalitis group viruses), the genus Phlebovirus (Sandfly fever Sicilian vims, Rift Valley fever virus), the genus Nairovirus (Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Nairobi sheep disease virus), and the genus Uukuvirus (Uukuniemi and related viruses); the family Orthomyxoviridae, including the genus Influenza virus (Influenza virus tj^e A, many human subtypes); Swine influenza virus, and Avian and Equine Influenza viruses; influenza type B (many human subtypes), and influenza type C (possible separate genus); the family paramyxoviridae, including the genus Paramyxovirus (Parainfluenza virus type 1, Sendai virus, Hemadsorption virus. Parainfluenza viruses types 2 to 5, Newcastle Disease Virus, Mumps virus), the genus Morbillivirus (Measles virus, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus, distemper virus, Rinderpest virus), the genus Pneumovirus (respu*atory syncytial virus (RSV), Bovine respiratory syncytial virus and Pneumonia virus of mice); the family Rhabdoviridae, including the genus Vesiculovirus (VSV), Chandipiu'a virus, Flanders-Hart Park virus), the genus Lyssavirus (Rabies virus), fish Rhabdoviruses and filoviruses (Marburg virus and Ebola virus); the family Arenaviridae, including Lymphocytic choriomeningitis vu^s (LCM), Tacaribe virus complex, and Lassa virus; the family Coronoaviridae, including Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), Mouse Hepatitis virus. Human enteric corona virus, and Feline infectious peritonitis (Feline coronavirus). Illustrative DNA viruses that are antigens in vertebrate animals include, but are not limited to: the family Poxvuidae, including the genus Orthopoxvirus (Variola major. Variola minor. Monkey pox Vaccinia, Cowpox, Buffalopox, Rabbitpox, Ectromelia), the genus Leporipoxvirus (Myxoma, Fibroma), the genus Avipoxvirus (Fowlpox, other avian poxvirus), the genus Capripoxvirus (sheeppox, goatpox), the genus Suipoxvirus (Swinepox), the genus Parapoxvurus (contagious postular dermatitis virus, pseudocowpox, bovine papular stomatitis virus); the family Iridoviridae (Afiican swine fever virus. Frog viruses 2 and 3, Lymphocystis virus of fish); the family Herpesviridae, including the alpha-Herpesviruses (Herpes Simplex Types 1 and 2, Varicella-Zoster, Equine abortion virus. Equine herpes virus 2 and 3, pseudorabies virus, infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, feline rhinotracheitis virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus) the Beta-herpesviruses (Human cytomegalovirus and cytomegaloviruses of swine, monkeys and rodents); the ganama-herpesviruses (Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Marek's disease virus, Herpes saimiri, Herpesvirus ateles. Herpesvirus sylvilagus, guinea pig herpes virus, Lucke tumor virus); the family Adenoviridae, including the genus Mastadenovirus (Human subgroups A, B, C, D and E and ungrouped; simian adenoviruses (at least 23 serotypes), infectious canine hepatitis, and adenoviruses of cattle, pigs, sheep, frogs and many other species, the genus Aviadenovirus (Avian adenoviruses); and non-cultivatable adenoviruses; the family Papoviridae, including the genus Papillomavirus (Human papilloma viruses, bovine papilloma viruses, Shope rabbit papilloma virus, and various pathogenic papilloma viruses of other species), the genus Polyomavirus (polyomavinis. Simian vacuolating agent (SV-40), Rabbit vacuolating agent (RKV), K virus, BK virus, JC virus, and other primate polyoma viruses such as Lymphotrophic papilloma virus); the family Parvoviridae including the genus Adeno-associated viruses, the genus Parvovirus (Feline panleukopenia virus, bovine parvovirus, canine parvovirus, Aleutian mink disease vkus, etc.). Finally, DNA vhiises may include viruses which do not fit into the above famiUes such as Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease viruses and chronic infectious neuropathic agents (CHINA virus). Each of the foregoing lists is illustrative, and is not intended to be limiting. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the antigen comprises one or more cytotoxic T cell epitopes, Th cell epitopes, or a combination of cytotoxic T cell epitopes and Th cell epitopes. In addition to enhancing an antigen specific 'mrnmae response in humans, the methods of the preferred embodiments are particularly well suited for treatment of other mammals or other animals, e.g., birds such as hens, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, quail and pheasant. Birds are prime targets for many types of infections. An example of a common infection in chickens is chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV). CIAV was &st isolated in Japan in 1979 during an investigation of a Marek's disease vaccination break (Yuasa et al, Avian Dis. 25:366-385 (1979)). Since that time, CIAV has been detected in commercial poultry in all major poultry producing countries (van Bulow et al, pp. 690-699 in "Diseases of Poultry", 9th edition, Iowa State University Press 1991). Vaccination of birds, like other vertebrate animals can be performed at any age. Normally, vaccinations are performed at up to 12 weeks of age for a live microorganism and between 14-18 weeks for an inactivated microorganism or other type of vaccine. For in ovo vaccination, vaccination can be performed in the last quarter of embryo development. The vaccine can be administered subcutaneously, by spray, orally, intraocularly, intratracheally, nasally, in ovo or by other methods described herein. Cattle and livestock are also susceptible to infection. Disease which affect these animals can produce severe economic losses, especially amongst cattle. The methods of the invention can be used to protect against infection in livestock, such as cows, horses, pigs, sheep and goats. Cows can be infected by bovine viruses. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a small enveloped positive-stranded RNA virus and is classified, along with hog cholera virus (HOCV) and sheep border disease virus (BDV), in the pestivirus genus. Although Pestiviruses were previously classified in the Togaviridae family, some studies have suggested their reclassification within the Flaviviridae family along with the flavivirus and hepatitis C virus (HCV) groups. Equine herpesviruses (EHV) comprise a group of antigenically distinct biological agents which cause a variety of infections in horses ranging from subclinical to fatal disease. These include Equine herpesvirus-l (EHV-1), a ubiquitous pathogen in horses. EHV-1 is associated with epidemics of abortion, respiratory tract disease, and central nervous system disorders. Other EHV's include EHV-2, or equine cytomegalovirus, EHV-3j equine coital exanthema virus, and EHV-4, previously classified as EHV-1 subtype 2. Sheep and goats can be infected by a variety of dangerous microorganisms including visna-maedi. Primates such as monkeys, apes and macaques can be infected by simian immunodeficiency virus. Inactivated cell-virus and cell-free whole simian immunodeficiency vaccines have been reported to afford protection in macaques (Stott et al, Lancet 5(5:1538-1541 (1990); Desrosiers et at, PNAS USA 86:6353-6351 (1989); Murphey-Corb et al, Science 246:1193-1291 (1989); and Carlson et al, AIDS Res. Human Retroviruses 6:1239-1246 (1990)). A recombinant HIV gpl20 vaccine has been reported to afford protection in chimpanzees (Herman et al, Nature 345:622-625 (1990)). Cats, both domestic and wild, are susceptible to infection with a variety of microorganisms. For instance, feline infectious peritonitis is a disease which occurs in both domestic and wild cats, such as lions, leopards, cheetahs, and jaguars. When it is desirable to prevent infection with this and other types of pathogenic organisms in cats, the methods of the invention can be used to vaccinate cats to prevent them against infection. Domestic cats may become infected with several retroviruses, including but not limited to feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline sarcoma virus (FeSV), endogenous type C oncomavirus (RD-114), and feline syncytia-forming virus (FeSFV). The discovery of feline T-lymphotropic lentivirus (also referred to as feline immunodeficiency) was first reported inPedersen etal, Science 235:190-193 (1987). Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a sporadic disease occurring unpredictably in domestic and wild Felidae. While FIP is primarily a disease of domestic cats, it has been diagnosed in lions, mountain lions, leopards, cheetahs, and the jaguar. Smaller wild cats that have been afflicted with FIP include the lynx and caracal, sand cat and pallas cat. Viral and bacterial diseases in fin-fish, shellfish or other aquatic life forms pose a serious problem for the aquaculture industry. Owing to the high density of animals in the hatchery tanks or enclosed marine farming areas, infectious diseases may eradicate a large proportion of the stock in, for example, a fin-fish, shellfish, or other aquatic life forms facility. Prevention of disease is a more desired remedy to these threats to fish than intervention once the disease is in progress. Vaccination offish is the only preventative method which may offer long-term protection through immunity. Nucleic acid based vaccinations offish are described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 5,780,448. The fish immune system has many features similar to the mammalian immune system, such as the presence of B cells, T cells, lymphokines, complement, and immunoglobulins. Fish have lymphoc5^e subclasses with roles that appear similar in many respects to those of the B and T cells of mammals. Vaccines can be administered orally or by immersion or injection. Aquaculture species include but are not limited to fin-fish, shellfish, and other aquatic animals. Fin-fish include all vertebrate fish, which may be bony or cartilaginous fish, such as, for example, salmonids, carp, catfish, yellowtail, seabream and seabass. Salmonids are a family of fin-fish which include trout (including rainbow trout), salmon and Arctic char. Examples of shellfish include, but are not limited to, clams, lobster, shrimp, crab and oysters. Other cultured aquatic animals include, but are not limited to, eels, squid and octopi. Polypeptides of viral aquaculture pathogens mclude but are not limited to glycoprotein or nucleoprotein of vkal hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHS V); G or N proteins of infectious hematopoietic necrosis vims (IHNV); VPl, VP2, VP3 or N structural proteins of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV); G protein of spring viremia of carp (SVC); and a membrane-associated protein, tegumin or capsid protein or glycoprotein of channel catfish virus (CCV). Polypeptides of bacterial pathogens include but are not limited to an iron-regulated outer membrane protein, (IROMP), an outer membrane protein (OMP), and an A-protein of Aeromonis salmonicida which causes furunculosis, p57 protein of Renibacterium salmoninarum which causes bacterial kidney disease (BKD), major surface associated antigen (msa), a surface expressed cytotoxin (mpr), a surface expressed hemolysin (ish), and a flagellar antigen of Yersiniosis; an extracellular protein (ECP), an iron-regulated outer membrane protein (IROMP), and a structural protein of Pastemrellosis; an OMP and a flagellar protein of Vibrosis anguillarum and V. ordalii; a flagellar protein, an OMP protein, aroA, and purA of Edwardsiellosis ictaluri and E. tarda; and surface antigen of Ichthyophthirius; and a structural and regulatory protein of Cytophaga columnari; and a structural and regulatory protein of Rickettsia. Polypeptides of a parasitic pathogen include but are not limited to the surface antigens of Ichthyophthirius. In another aspect of the invention, there is provided vaccine compositions suitable for use in methods for preventing and/or attenuating diseases or conditions which are caused or exacerbated by "self gene products (e.g., tumor necrosis factors). Thus, vaccine compositions of the invention include compositions which lead to the production of antibodies that prevent and/or attenuate diseases or conditions caused or exacerbated by "self gene products. Examples of such diseases or conditions include graft versus host disease, IgE-mediated allergic reactions, anaphylaxis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, Crohn's disease, allergic asthma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), Graves' disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory autoimmune diseases, myasthenia gravis, immunoproiiferative disease lymphadenopathy (IPL), angioimmunoproliferative lymphadenopathy (AIL), immimoblastive lymphadenopathy (IBL), rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease and osteoporosis. In related speciJSc embodiments, compositions of the invention are an immunotherapeutic that can be used for the treatment and/or prevention of allergies, cancer or drug addiction. The selection of antigens or antigenic determinants for the preparation of compositions and for use in methods of treatment for allergies would be known to those skilled in the medical arts treating such disorders. Representative examples of such antigens or antigenic determinants include the following: bee venom phospholipase A2; Amb a 1 (ragweed pollen allergen). Bet v I (birch pollen allergen); 5 Dol m V (white-faced hornet venom allergen); Der p 1, Der f 2 and Der 2 (house dust mite allergens); Lep d 2 (dust mite allergen); Ah a 1, Asp f 1, and Asp f 16 (fungus allergens); Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h3 (peanut allergens) as well as fragments of each which can be used to elicit immunological responses. Moreover, the invention is particularly useful for the use of allergen mixtures that have been isolated from organisms or parts of organisms, such as pollen extracts or bee venom. In a preferred embodiment, pollen extracts comprise, or alternatively consist of trees, grasses, weeds, and garden plants. Examples of tree pollen extracts include, but are not limited to, the following: acacia, alder (grey), almond, apple, apricot, arbor vitae, ash, aspen, bayberry, beech, birch (spring), birch (white), bottle brush, box elder, carob tree, cedar, including but not lunited to the Japanese cedar, cherry, chestnut, Cottonwood, cypress, elderberry, elm (American), eucalyptus, fir, hackberry, hazelnut, hemlock, hickory, hop-hombeam, ironwood, juniper, locust, maple, melaleuca, mesquite, mock orange, mulberry, oak (white), olive, orange, osage orange, palo verde, peach, pear, pecan, pepper tree, puie, plum, poplar, privet, redwood, Russian olive, spruce, sweet gum, sycamore, tamarack, tree of heaven. 00 walnut and willow. Examples of grass pollen extracts include, but are not limited to, the following: bahia, barley, beach, bent, Bermuda grass, bluegrass (Kentucky), brome, bunch, canarygrass, chess, com, fescue (meadow), grama, Johnson, June grass, koeler's, oats, orchard grass, quack, redtop, rye grass (perennial), salt, sorghum, Sudan, sweet vernal grass, timothy grass, velvetgrass, wheat and wheatgrass. Examples of weed and garden plant extracts include, but are not limited to, the following: alfalfa, amaranth, aster, balsam root, bassia, beach bur, broomwood, burrow bush, careless weed, castor bean, chamise, clover, cocklebur, coreopsis, cosmos, daffodil, dahlia, daisy, dandelion, dock, dog fennel, fireweed, gladiolus, goldenrod, greasewood, hemp, honeysuckle, hops, iodone bush, Jerusalem oak, kochia, lamb's quarters, lily, marigold, marshelder, Mexican tea, mugwort, mustard, nettie, pickleweed, pigweed, plaintain (English), poppy, povertyweed, quailbush, ragweed (giant), ragweed (short), ragweed (western), rose, Russian thistle, sagebrush, saltbrush, scale, scotch broom, sea blight, sheep sorrel, snapdragon, sugar beet, sunflower, western waterhemp, winter fat, wormseed, wormwood. In a preferred embodiment, pollen extracts comprise, or alternatively consist of rye. The seasonal appearance of ragweed pollen (September-October) induces asthma in many individuals (Marshall, J. et al, J. Allergy Clin. ImmunonOS:'i9l-l97 (2001)). Asthma is characterized by pulmonary inflammation, reversible airflow obstruction, and airway hyperresponsivess. A complex cascade of immimological responses to aeroallergens leads to leukocyte recruitment in the airways. Specifically, lymphocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils, plasma cells, and mast cells infiltrate the bronchial mucosa (Redman, T. et al, Exp. Lung Res. 27:433-451 (2001)). Eosinophil recruitment is associated with increased production of the TH2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5, key factors in asthma pathogenesis that support the chronic inflammatory process (Justice, J. et al, Am. J. Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 252:L302-L309 (2002), the enthe contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference). The immunodominant ragweed allergen in short ragweed {Ambrosia artemisiifoUa) is Amb a 1 (Santeliz, J. et al, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol 109:455-462 (2002)). In a specific embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises the Amb a 1 mixed with the vkus-like particle. {See Example 6.) In yet another preferred embodiment, dust extracts comprise, or alternatively consist of house dusts and dust mites. Examples of house dusts include, but are not limited wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 67 to: house dust, mattress dust, and upholstrey dust. Examples of dust mites include, but are not limited to, D. farniae, D. ptf^eronysiinus, mite mix, and L. destructor. Dust extracts also include, but are not limited to, cedar and red cedar dust, cotton gin dust, oak dust, grain (elevator) dust, paduk dust and wood dust. 5 Dust mites are an important source of perennial indoor allergens in homes in humid climates of developed countries (Arlian, L., Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 1:581-586 (2001)). About 60-85% of all patients with allergic bronchial asthma are sensitized to the house dust mite Dermatophogoldes pteronyssinus (Arlian, L., Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 7:581-586 (2001)). Immunodominant D. 10 pteronyssinus dust mite allergens include Der p 1, Der f 2, and Der 2 (Kircher, M. et al, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol 109:511-523 (2002) and Clarke, A. et al, Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 120:126-134 (1999), the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference). In a specific embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises the Der p I, Der f 2, Der 2, or fragments thereof, or an 15 antigenic mixture thereof mixed with the virus-like particle. An important cause of allergic reactions to dust, especially in farming communities, is Lepidoglyphus destructor (Ericksson, T. et al.> Clinical and Exp. Allergy 57:1181-1890 (2001)). An immunodominant L destructor dust mite allergen is Lep d 2 (Ericksson, T. et al, Clinical and Exp. Allergy 57:1181-1890 (2001)). In a specific embodiment of the 20 invention, the composition comprises the Lep d 2 mixed with the virus-like particle. {See Example 8.) In a preferred embodiment, tungal extracts comprise, or alternatively consist of altemaria, aspergiUus, botrytis, Candida, cephalosporium, cephalothecium, chaetomium, cladosporium, crytococcus, curvularia, epicoccum, epidermophyton, 25 fusarium, gelasinospora, geotrichum, gUocladium, helminthosporium, hormodendrum, microsporium, mucor, mycogone, nigraspora, paecilomyces, peniciUium, phoma, puUularia, rhizopus, rhodotorula, rusts, saccharomyces, smuts, spondylocladium, stemphylium, trichoderma, trichophyton and verticillium. Altemaria alternata is considered to be one of the most important fungi causing 30 allergic disease in the United States. Altemaria is the major asthma-associated allergen in desert regions of the United States and Australia and has been reported to cause serious respiratory arrest and death in the US Midwest (Vailes, L. et al, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol 707:641 (2001) and Shampain, M. et al., Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 126:493-498 (1982), the entke contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference). The immunodominant Alternaria alternata antigen is Alt a 1 (Vailes, L. et al, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 7(97:641 (2001)). Greater than 80% of Alternaria sensitized mdividuals have Ig E antibody against Alt a 1 (Vailes, L. et al, Clinical and Exp. Allergy 57:1891-1895 (2001)). In a specific embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises the Alt a 1 mixed with the virus-like particle. (See Example 7.) Another opportunistic fungi is Aspergillus fumigatus, which is involved in a broad spectrum of pulmonary diseases, including allergic asthma. Immimodominant Aspergillus fumigatus antigens include Asp f 1 and Asp f 16 (Vailes, L. et al, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. J07:64l (2001)). In a specific embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises the Asp f 1 or Asp f 16 or an antigenic mixture thereof mixed with the virus-like particle. (See Example 7.) In yet another preferred embodiment, msect extracts comprise, or alternatively consist of, stinging insects whose whole body induces allergic reactions, stmging insects whose venom protein induces allergic reactions, and insects that induce inhaled allergic reactions. Examples of stinging insects whose whole body induces allergic reactions include, but are not limited to: ant (black), ant (red), ant (carpenter), ant mix (black/red), ant (fire). Examples of stinging insects whose venom protein induces allergic reactions include, but are not limited to: honey bee, yellow hornet, wasp, yellow jacket, white-faced hornet and mixed vespid. Examples of insects that induce inhaled allergic reactions include, but are not limited to: aphid, black fly, butterfly, caddis fly, cicada/locust, cricket, cockroach, daphnia, deerfly, fi*uit fly, honey bee (whole body), horse fly, house fly, leafhopper, may fly, Mexican bean weevil, mites (dust), mosquito, moth, mushroom fly, screwworm fly, sow bugs, spider and water flea. (See Example 4.) In yet another preferred embodiment, food extracts comprise, or alternatively consist of, ammal products and plant products. Examples of animal products mclude, but are not limited to: beef, chicken, deer, duck, egg (chicken), fish, goat, goose, lamb, milk (cow), milk (goat), pork, rabbit, shellfish and turkey. Examples of plant products include, but are not limited to: apple, apricot, arrowroot, artichoke, asparagus, avodaco, banana, bean, beet, berries, cabbage family, carrot, celery, cherry, chocolate, citrus fhiits, coconut, coffee, cucumber, date, eggplant, grain, grape, greens, gums. hops, lettuce, malt, mango, melon, mushroom, nuts, okra, olive, onion, papaya, parsnip, pea, peanut, pear, pimento, pineapple, plum, potato, prune, pumpkin, radish, rhubarb, spice/condiment, spinach, squash, tapioca, tea, tomato, watermelon and yeast. Allergies to peanuts and tree nuts account for the majority of fatal and near-fatal anaphylactic reactions (Sampson, H., N. Engl J. Med 346(J7):1294-1299 (2002)). About 1.1 percent of Americans, or 3 million people, are allergic to peanuts, tree nuts, or both (Sampson, H., N. Engl J. Med. 346(17):l294'n99 (2002)). About 6 percent of Americans have serologic evidence of sensitivity to peanuts (i.e. the presence of IgE antibodies specific for peanut proteins), although the majority of these people will not have an allergic reaction when they eat peanuts (Sampson, H., N. Engl. J. Med 346(17):\294-1299 (2002) and Hehn, R. et al, X Allergy Clin. Immunol. J09:136-142 (2002)). Peanut allergy usually develops at an early age, often following exposure to peanut protein in utero, during breast-feeding, or early in childhood and is often a lifelong disorder (Sampson, H., N. Engl. J. Med. 346(17):1294'1299 (2002); Li, X. et al, X Allergy Clin. Immunol. 108:639-646 (2001); and Hehn, R et al, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol 109:136-142 (2002)). Infants who have peanut allergy tend to have more severe allergic reacts as they get older (Sampson, H., N. Engl J. Med, 346(17):1294A299 (2002)). It has been suggested that the promotion of peanut products as a nutritional source for pregnant and lactating women has contributed the rising prevalence of peanut allergy in westernized countries (Sampson, H., N. Engl J. Med 346(17):1294A299 (2002)). Peanut allergy symptoms may develop within minutes to a few hoiurs after ingestion of food, and in life-threatening cases, symptoms include severe bronchospasm. Currently, treatment of peanut allergy consists of teaching patients and then families how to avoid the accidental ingestion of peanuts, how to recognize early symptoms of allergic reaction, and how to manage the early stages of anaphylactic reaction (Sampson, H., N. Engl J. Med 346(17):\294-l299 (2002)). Inadvertent exposures result m an allergic reaction every three to five years in the average patient with peanut allergy (Sampson, H., N. Engl J. Med 346(17):\294A299 (2002)). These inadvertant exposmres may occur as a result of peanut contamination of equipment used in the manufacture of various products, inadequate food labeling, cross-contamination of food during cooking in restaurants, and unanticipated exposures {e.g. the inhalation of peanut dust in airplanes) (Sampson, H., N. Engl J. Med. 346(17):\294-\299 (2002)). Current therapy of an acute reaction to peanuts includes aggressive treatment with intramuscular epinephrine; oral, intramuscular, or intravenous histamine Hi- and H2-receptor antagonists; oxygen; inhaled albuterol; and systemic coorticosteroids (Sampson, H., K Engl J. Med. 346(17):\294-l299 (2002)). In addition, a three-day course of oral prednisone and antihistamine is often recommended following an acute reaction to peanuts. Given the severity, prevalence, and frequently lifelong persistence of peanut allergy there is a need for a preventive or curative therapy for peanut allergy (Sampson, H., A'. Engl J. Med. 346(17):1294-1299 (2002)). Two major allergenic peanut proteins, which are recognized by more than 95% of patients with peanut allergy, are Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 (Bannon, G., et al, Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol 124:70-72 (2001) and Li, X. et al., J. Allergy Clm. Immunol. 106:150-158 (2000), the entke contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference). Ara h 3 is recognized by aboxit 45% of patients with peanut ailergy (Li, X, et al, J Allergy Clin. Immunol 106:\50-15S (2000)). In a specific embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises the antigen Ara h 1, Ara h 2, or Ara h 3 or an antigenic mixture thereof mixed with the virus-like particle. (See Example 5.) In another preferred embodiment, mammalian epidermal allergens include, but are not limited to: camel, cat hair, cat pelt, chinchilla, cow, deer, dog, gerbil, goat, guinea pig, hamster, hog, horse, mohair, monkey, mouse, rabbit, wool (sheep). In yet another preferred embodiment, feathers include, but are not limited to: canary, chicken, duck, goose, parakeet, pigeon, turkey. In another preferred embodiment, other inhalants include, but are not limited to: acacia, algae, castor bean, cotton linters, cottonseed, derris root, fern spores, grain dusts, hemp fiber, henna, flaxseed, guar gum, jute, karaya gum, kapok, leather, lycopodium, orris root, pyrethrum, silk (raw), sisal, tobacco leaf, tragacanth and wood dusts. In another preferred embodiment, typically defined mammalian allergens, either purified from natural sources or recombinantly expressed are included. These include, but are not limited, to Fel d 1, Fel d 3 (cystatin) from cats and albiunins from cat, camel, chinchilla, cow, deer, dog, gerbil, goat, guinea pig, hamster, hog, horse, mohair, monkey, mouse, rabbit, wool (sheep). The selection of antigens or antigenic determinants for compositions and methods of treatment for cancer would be known to those skilled m the medical arts treating such disorders {see Renkvist et al, Cancer. Immunol. Immunother. 50:3-15 (2001) which is incorporated by reference), and such antigens or antigenic determinants are included within the scope of the present invention. Representative examples of such types of antigens or antigenic determinants include the following: Her2 (breast cancer); GD2 (neuroblastoma); EGF-R (malignant glioblastoma); CEA (medullary thyroid cancer); CD52 (leukemia); human melanoma protein gpl 00; human melanoma protein gplOO epitopes such as amino acids 154—162 (sequence: KTWGQYWQV, SEQ ID NO: 72), 209-217 (ITDQVPFSV, SEQ ID NO: 73), 280-288 (YLEPGPVTA, SEQ ID NO: 74), 457-466 (LLDGTATLRL, SEQ ID NO: 75) and 476-485 (VLYRYGSFSV, SEQ ID NO: 76); human melanoma protein melan-A/MART-1; human melanoma protein melan-A/MART-1 epitopes such as amino acids 26-35 (EAAGIGILTV) (SEQ ID NO:98), 26-35AL (ELAGIGICTV, SEQ ID NO: 99), 27-35 (AAGIGILTV, SEQ ID NO: 77) and 32- 40 (ILTVILGVL, SEQ ID NO: 78); tyrosinase and tyrosinase related proteins (e.g.y TRP-1 and TRP-2); tyrosinase epitopes such as amino acids 1-9 (MLLAVLYCL, SEQ ID NO: 79) and 368-376 (YMDGTMSQV, SEQ ID NO: 80); NA17-A nt protein; NA17-A nt protem epitopes such as amino acids 38-64 (VLPDVFIRC, SEQ ID NO: 81); MAGE-3 protein; MAGE-3 protehi epitopes such as amino acids 271-279 (FLWGPRALV, SEQ ID NO: 82); other human tumors antigens, e.g. CEA epitopes such as amino acids 571-579 (YLSGANLNL, SEQ ID NO: 83); p53 protem; p53 proteia epitopes such as amino acids 65-73 (RMPEAAPPV, SEQ ID NO: 84), 149-157 (STPPPGTRV, SEQ ID NO: 85) and 264-272 (LLGRNSFEV, SEQ ID NO: 86); Her2/neu epitopes such as amino acids 369-377 (KTFGSLAFL, SEQ ID NO: 87) and 654-662 (IISAVVGIL, SEQ ID NO; 88); HPV16 E7 protein; HPV16 E7 protein epitopes such as ammo acids 86-93 (TLGIVCPI, SEQ ID NO: 89); as well as fragments or mutants of each which can be used to elicit immunological responses. The selection of antigens or antigenic determinants for compositions and methods of treatment for other diseases or conditions associated with self antigens would be also known to those skilled in the medical arts treating such disorders. Representative examples of such antigens or antigenic determinants are, for example, lymphotoxins (e.g. Lymphotoxin a (LT a), Lymphotoxin (5 (LT p)), and lymphotoxin receptors, Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL), Osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF-R), Interleukin 17 and amyloid beta peptide (AP 2), TNFa, MIF, MCP-1, SDF-1, Rank-L, M-CSF, Angiotensinogen, Angiotensin I, Angiotensin II, Endoglm, Eotaxin, Grehlin, BLC, CCL21, IL-13, IL-17, IL-5, IL-8, IL-15, Bradykinin, Resistin, LHRH, GHRH, GIH, CRH, TRH and Gastrin, as well as fragments of each which can be used to elicit immunological responses. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the antigen or antigenic determinant is selected from the group consisting of: (a) a recombinant polypeptide of HTV; (b) a recombinant polypeptide of Influenza virus (e.g., an Influenza virus M2 polypeptide or a fragment thereof); (c) a recombinant polypeptide of Hepatitis C virus; (d) a recombinant polypeptide of Hepatitis B virus; (e) a recombinant polypeptide of Toxoplasma; (f) a recombinant polypeptide of Plasmodium falciparum; (g) a recombinant polypeptide of Plasmodium vivax; (h) a recombinant polypeptide of Plasmodium ovale; (i) a recombinant polypeptide of Plasmodium malariae; (j) a recombinant polypeptide of breast cancer cells; (k) a recombinant polypeptide of kidney cancer cells; (1) a recombinant polypeptide of prostate cancer cells; (m) a recombinant polypeptide of skin cancer cells; (n) a recombinant polypeptide of brain cancer cells; (o) a recombinant polypeptide of leukemia cells; (p) a recombinant profiling; (q) a recombinant polypeptide of bee sting allergy; (r) a recombinant polypeptide of nut allergy; (s) a recombinant polypeptide of pollen; (t) a recombinant polypeptide of house-dust; (u) a recombinant polypeptide of cat or cat hair allergy; (v) a recombinant protein of food allergies; (w) a recombinant protein of asthma; (x) a recombmant protein of Chlamydia; (y) antigens extracted from any of the protein sources mentioned in (a-x); and (z) a fragment of any of the proteins set out in (a)-(x). In another embodiment of the present invention, the antigen mixed with the virus-like particle packaged with the immunostimulatory substance, the immunostunulatory nucleic acid or the unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide of the invention, is a T cell epitope, either a cytotoxic or a Th cell epitope. In another embodunent of the present invention, the antigen mixed with the virus-like particle packaged with the immunostimulatory substance, the immunostimulatory nucleic acid or the umnethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide of the invention is a B cell epitope In a further preferred embodiment, the antigen is a combination of at least two, preferably different, epitopes, wherein the at least two epitopes are linked directly or by way of a linking sequence. These epitopes are preferably selected from the group consisting of cytotoxic and Th cell epitopes. The antigen of the present invention, and in particular the indicated epitope or epitopes, can be synthesized or recombinantly expressed and coupled to the virus-like particle, or fused to the virus-like particle using recombinant DNA techniques. Exemplary procedures describing the attachment of antigens to virus-like particles are disclosed in WO 00/32227, in WO 01/85208 and in WO 02/056905, the disclosures of which is herein incorporated by reference. The invention also provides a method of producing a composition for enhancing an immune response in an animal comprising a VLP and an unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide bound to the VLP which comprises incubating the VLP with the oligonucleotide, adding RNase and purifying said composition. In an equally preferred embodiment, the method comprises incubating the VLP with RNase, adding the oligonucleotide and purifying the composition. In one embodiment, the VLP is produced in a bacterial expression system. In another embodiment, the RNase is RNase A. The invention ftirther provides a method of producing a composition for enhancing an immune response in an animal comprising a VLP bound to an unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide which comprises disassembling the VLP, adding the oligonucleotide and reassembling the VLP. The method can further comprise removing nucleic acids of the at least partially disassembled VLP and/or purifying the composition after reassembly. The invention also provides vaccine compositions which can be used for preventing and/or attenuating diseases or conditions. Vaccine compositions of the invention comprise, or alternatively consist of, an immxmologically effective amoimt of the inventive immune enhancing composition together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, carrier or excipient. The vaccine can also optionally comprise an adjuvant. The invention fiirther provides vaccination methods for preventing and/or attenuating diseases or conditions in animals. In one embodiment, the invention provides vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases in a wide range of animal species. particularly mammalian species such as human, monkey, cow, dog, cat, horse, pig, etc. Vaccines can be designed to treat infections of viral etiology such as HTV, influenza. Herpes, viral hepatitis, Epstein Bar, polio, viral encephalitis, measles, chicken pox, etc.; or infections of bacterial etiology such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, syphilis, etc.; or infections of parasitic etiology such as malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, amoebiasis, etc. In another embodiment, the invention provides vaccines for the prevention of cancer in a wide range of species, particularly mammalian species such as human, monkey, cow, dog, cat, horse, pig, etc. Vaccines can be designed to treat all types of cancer including, but not limited to, lymphomas, carcinomas, sarcomas and melanomas. As would be xmderstood by one of ordinary skill in the art, when compositions of the invention are administered to an animal, they can be in a composition which contains salts, buffers, adjuvants or other substances which are desirable for improving the efficacy of the composition. Examples of materials suitable for use in preparing pharmaceutical compositions are provided in numerous sources including REMINGTON'S PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (Osol, A, ed.. Mack Publishing Co., (1990)). Various adjuvants can be used to increase the immunological response, depending on the host species, and include but are not limited to, Freimd's (complete and incomplete), mineral gels such as aluminum hydroxide, surface active substances such as lysolecithin, pluronic polyols, polyanions, peptides, oil emulsions, keyhole limpet hemocyanins, dinitrophenol, and potentially useful human adjuvants such as BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin) and Corynebacterium parvum. Such adjuvants are also well known in the art. Further adjuvants that can be administered wdth the compositions of the invention include, but are not lunited to, Monophosphoryl lipid immunomodulator, AdjuVax 100a, QS-21, QS-18, CRL1005, Alumin\mi salts (Alum), MF-59, OM-174, OM-197, OM-294, and Virosomal adjuvant technology. The adjuvants can also comprise a mixture of these substances. Immunologically active saponin j&actions having adjuvant activity derived from the bark of the South American tree Quillaja Saponaria Molina are known in the art. For example QS21, also known as QA21, is an Hplc purified fraction from the Quillaja Saponaria Molina tree and it's method of its production is disclosed (as QA21) in U.S. Pat. No. 5,057,540. Quillaja saponin has also been disclosed as an adjuvant by same individual. Administration "in combination" further includes the separate administration of one of the compounds or agents given first, followed by the second. Dosage levels depend on the mode of administration, the nature of the subject, and the quality of the carrier/adjuvant formulation. Typical amoiuits are in the range of about 0.001 \xg to about 20 mg per subject. Preferred amounts are at least about 1 |ag to about 100 |ig per subject. Multiple administration to immunize the subject is preferred, and protocols are those standard in the art adapted to the subject in question. Typical amounts of the antigen are in a range comparable, similar or identical to the range typically used for administration without the addition of the VLP's. The compositions can conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and can be prepared by any of the methods well-known in the art of pharmacy. Methods include the step of bringing the compositions of the invention into association with a carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general, the compositions are prepared by uniformly and intunately bringing the compositions of the invention into association with a liquid carrier, a fmely divided solid carrier, or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product. Compositions suitable for oral administration can be presented as discrete units, such as capsules, tablets or lozenges, each containing a predetermined amount of the compositions of the invention. Other compositions include suspensions in aqueous liquids or non-aqueous liquids such as a syrup, an elixir or an emulsion. Other delivery systems can include time-release, delayed release or sustained release delivery systems. Such systems can avoid repeated administrations of the compositions of the invention described above, increasing convenience to the subject and the physician. Many types of release delivery systems are available and known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Other embodiments of the invention include processes for the production of the compositions of the invention and methods of medical treatment for cancer and allergies using said compositions. Thus, the present invention, inter alia, relates to the finding that virus like particles (VLPs) can be loaded and packaged, respectively, with DNA oligonucleotides rich in non-metliylated C and G (CpGs). If such CpG-VLPs are mixed with antigens, the inununogenicity of these antigens was dramatically enhanced. In addition, the T cell responses against the antigens are especially directed to the Thl type. Surprisingly, no covalent linkage of the antigen to the VLP was required but it was sufficient to simply mix the VLPs with the adjuvants for co-administration. In addition, VLPs did not enhance immune responses unless they were loaded and packaged, respectively, with CpGs. Antigens mixed with CpG-packaged VLPs may therefore be ideal vaccines for prophylactic or therapeutic vaccination against allergies, tumors and other self-molecules and chronic viral diseases. In a another aspect, the present invention provides a method of producing a composition for enhancing an immune response in an animal comprismg a virus-like particle and an inununostimulatory substance packaged within said virus-like particle, said method comprises (a) incubating said virus-like particle with said immunostimulatory substance; (b) adding RNase; and (c) purifying said composition. In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method of producing a composition for enhancing an immune response in an animal comprising a virus-like particle and an immunostimulatory substance packaged within said virus-like particle, said method comprises (a) incubating said virus-like particle with RNase; (b) adding said immunostimulatory substance; and (c) purifying said composition. In yet a further aspect, the present invention provides a method of producing a composition for enhancing an immune response in an animal comprising a virus-like particle and an immunostimulatory substance packaged within said virus-like particle, said method comprises; (a) disassembling said virus-like particle; (b) adding said immunostunulatory substance; and (c) reassembling said virus-like particle. In an altemative embodiment, the method of producing a composition for enhancing an immune response in an animal according to the invention further comprises removing nucleic acids of the disassembled virus-like particle. In yet an altemative embodiment, the method of producing a composition for enhancing an immune response in an animal according to the invention further comprises purifying the composition after reassembly (c). In again another aspect, the present invention provides a method of producing a composition for enhancing an immune response in an animal comprising a virus-like particle and an immunostimulatory substance packaged within said virus-like particle, said method comprises (a) incubating said virus-like particle with solutions comprising metal ions capable of hydrolizing the nucleic acids of said virus-like particle; (b) adding said immimostimulatory substance; and (c) purifying said composition. Preferably, the metal ions capable of hydrolyzing the nucleic acids of the virus-like particle are selected from the group of (a) zinc (Zn) ions; (b) copper (Cu) ions; (c) iron (Fe) ions; (d) any mixtures of at least one ion of (a), (b) and/or (c). In preferred embodunents of the methods of producing a composition for enhancing an immune respons in an animal according to the invention, indicated above, the immimostimulatory immunostimulatory substance is an immunostimulatory nucleic acid selected from the group consisting of, or alternatively consisting essentially of: (a) ribonucleic acids, preferably poly-(I:C) or a derivative thereof; (b) deoxyribonucleic acids, preferably oligonucleotides free of unmethylated CpG motifs, and even more preferably unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotides; (c) chimeric nucleic acids; and (d) any mixtures of at least one nucleic acid of (a), (b) and/or (c). Li another preferred embodiments of the methods of producing a composition for enhancing an immune respons in an animal according to the invention, indicated above, the virus-like particle is produced in a bacterial or in a mammalian expression system, in a frirther preferred embodiment, the RNase is RNaseA. The following examples are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the methods of the present mvention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. All patents, patent applications and publications referred to herein are expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety. EXAMPLE! Generation of VLPs. The DNA sequence of HBcAg containing peptide p33 from LCMV is given in SEQ ID NO: 70. The p33-HBcAg VLPs (p33-VLPs) were generated as follows: Hepatitis VLP alone or VLP loaded and packaged, respectively, with CpG-oligonucleotides in conjunction with aluminum hydroxide. 14 days later, mice were boosted with the same vaccine preparations and bled on day 21. Bee venom specific IgG responses in sera from day 21 were assessed by ELISA. RNase A treated VLPs derived from HBcAg carrying inside CpG-oligonucleotides (containing normal phosphodiester moieties), dialyzed from unbound CpG-oUgonucleotides were effective at enhancing IgG responses against bee venom allergens (BV). As shown in Figure 5, the presence of either free CpGs or VLPs loaded and packaged, respectively, with CpGs dramatically enhanced the IgG response against the bee venom. The VLP without CpGs did not enhance the immune response. The presence of Alum as an adjuvant further increased the IgG response. If IgG subclasses were measured (Figure 6), it was evident that CpG-packaged VLPs shifted the response from an IgGl dominance to a IgG2a dominance, indicating that a Thl response was used. Interestingly, the presence of Alum enhanced the Th2-associated IgGl isotype. Hence, addition of CpG-packaged VLPs to the bee venom in Alum resulted in high IgG titers but the response was still dominated by IgGl. Importantly, although CpGs packaged into VLPs were similarly effective as free CpGs at enhancing IgG responses against bee venom both in the presence or absence of Alum, they did not show signs of systemic immune activation (Figure 7). Specifically, while vaccination of mice in the presence of free CpGs mduced splenomegaly with spleens up to 4 fold mcreased total lymphocyte numbers, CpGs packaged into VLPs did not result in increased total lymphocyte numbers. EXAMPLE 5 VLPs used against peanut allergy. In the following examples 5 to 8, the VLP used is Qb core particle (SEQ ID NO: 1) packaged with GIO-PO (SEQ ID NO: 122). Female C3H/HeJ mice 5 weeks of age are sensitized to peanuts by intragastric gavage with 5 mg of freshly ground, roasted whole peanut together with 10 |ag of cholera toxin on day 0. Mice are boosted 1 and 3 weeks later. One week after the final sensitization dose, mice receive either VLP mixed with 10 mg of crude peanut extract, VLP mixed with 5 jxg of Ara h I, VLP mixed with 5 ^g of Ara h 2, VLP mixed with 5 jig of Ara h 3, or VLP mixed with 5 ^g each of Ara h 1, Ara h 2 and Ara h 3. NaiVe mice, mice receiving VLP alone, mice receiving 10 mg of crude peanut extract alone, or mice receivuig VLP mdxed with 5 p-g of an irrelevant antigen serve as controls. Levels of peanut-specific IgE are measured by using ELISA. IgE antibodies specific for Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3 are monitored in pooled sera from peanut-sensitized mice. Plates are coated with Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3 (2 p-g/ml). Levels of IgG subclasses, specifically IgGl and IgG2a, are also measured by ELISA in order to determine if a THl or a TH2 response is used. Anaphylactic symptoms are evaluated for 30 to 40 minutes after the second challenge dose by using the following scoring system: 0, no symptoms; 1, scratching and rubbing around the nose and head; 2, puffiness around the eyes and mouth, diarrhea, pilar erecti, reduced activity, and/or decreased activity with increased respiratory rate; 3, wheezing^ labored respiration, and cyanosis around the mouth and the tm\; 4, no activity after prodding or tremor and convulsion; 5, death. Blood is collected 30 minutes after the second intragastric gavage challenge. Plasma histamine levels are determined using an enzyme immunoassay kit (ImmunoTECH Inc, Marseille, France) as described by the manufacturer. Spleens are removed fi'om peanut-sensitized and naive mice after rechallenge at week 5. As a measure of their activation state, the ability of splenocytes to proliferate following in vitj'o stimulation with peanut antigens is determined. Specifically, spleen cells are isolated and suspended in complete culture medium (RPMI-1640 plus 10% FBS, 1% penicillin-streptomycin, and 1% glutamine). Spleen cells (1 x lOWell in 0.2 mL) are incubated in triplicate cultures in microwell plates in the presence or absence of crude peanut extract, Ara h 1, Ara h 2, or Ara h 3 (10 or 50 ^ig/ml). Cells stimulated with Con A (2 ixg/ml) are used as positive controls. Six days later, the cultures are pulsed for 18 hours with 1 \iCi per well of ^H-thymidine. The cells are harvested, and the incorporated radioactivity is counted in a p-scintillation coimter. Spleen cells are also cultured in 24-well plates (4 x loVwell/ml) in the presence or absence of crude peanut extract (50 fxg/ml) or Con A (2 jag/ml). Supematants are collected 72 hours later. IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-y are determined by ELISA, according to the manufacturer's instructions, in order to determine if a THl or a TH2 response is used. EXAMPLE 6 VLPs used against ragweed allergy. Male C3H/HeJ mice 6-10 weeks of age are sensitized to ragweed (RW) by intraperitoneal injection of 80 ^g RW on days 0 and 4 (endotoxin content >2.3 ng/mg RW; Greer Laboratories, Lenoir, NC). Sensitization solution consists of 1 mg of RW in 1 ml of 0.9% NaCl (Baxter, Deerfield, IL) plus 333 ml of Imject alum (Pierce, Rockford, IL). One week after the final sensitization dose, mice receive either VLP mixed with 160 ug of RW or VLP mixed with 80 ug of Amb a 1. Naive mice, mice receiving VLP alone, mice receiving 160 ug of RW alone, or mice receiving VLP mixed with 80 ug of an irrelevant antigen serve as controls. On day 25, 0.5 ml of peripheral blood from the tail vein is collected, mice are anesthetized with ketamine (90 f^g/kg body wt) and xylazine (10 mg/kg body Avt) and then are challenged by intratracheal administration of RW (10 p.g of RW in 0.1 ml of 0/9% NaCl). 12 h following RW challenge, 0.5 ml of peripheral blood fi-om the tail vein is collected and lungs are lavaged with a single I ml aliquot of PBS. Samples are centrifiiged at 2,000 rpm for 5 min and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is collected. Interleukin IL-4 and IL-5 levels are determined using two-site immunoenzymetric assay kits (Endogen, Cambridge, MA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The lower limits of detection are 1 pg/ml for both IL-4 and IL-5. After lungs are iavaged, they are removed. The lungs are infused with 4% paraformaldehyde (in PBS) for 30 min, rinsed with PBS and immersed in 0.5 M sucrose (in PBS) overnight at 4° C. Lungs are mflated and embedded in parafin. Tissues sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the degree of inflammation eosinophil infiltration is quantified by image analysis. White blood cells are isolated from peripheral blood by centrifiigation on a discontinuous Percoll gradient with subsequent hypotonic lysis of remaining red blood cells. Eosinophils are enriched from white blood cells by the negative-selection process using anti-CD90 and anti-CD45R antibodies to deplete the B- and T-cell from Alternaria or ^>s;pe/"g///w^-sensitized mice. Plates are coated with Alt a 1, Asp f 1 or Asp f 16 (2 ^ig/ml). Levels of IgG subclasses, specifically IgGl and IgG2a, are also measured by ELISA in order to determine if a THl or a TH2 response is used. EXAMPLE 8 VLPs used against dust mite allergies. Male C57BL/6 mice 6 weeks of age are sensitized to Dermatophogoldes pteronyssinus or Lepidoglyphus destructor by subcutaneous injection of 10 ^g D. pteronyssinus or L. destructor whole extract on day 0. On Day 14, mice that are sensitized to D. pteronyssinus are immunized with either VLP mixed with 10 (j.g of D. pteronyssinus, VLP mixed with 5 jig Der p 1, Der f 2, and/or Der 2, which is extracted and purified from whole D. pteronyssinus extract. Naive mice, mice receiving VLP alone, mice receiving 10 fig of D. pteronyssinus alone, or mice receiving VLP mixed with 5 ^g of an irrelevant antigen serve as controls. On Day 14, mice that are sensitized to L. destructor are immunized with either VLP mixed with 10 |ag of L. destructor, VLP mixed with 5 ^g Lep d 2, which is extracted and purified from whole L. destructor extract. Naive mice, mice receiving VLP alone, mice receiving 10 jig of L. destructor alone, or mice receiving VLP mixed with 5 )ig of an irrelevant antigen serve as controls. On day 28, 0.5 ml of peripheral blood from the tail vein is collected, mice are anesthetized with ketamine (90 (ag/kg body wt) and xylazine (10 mg/kg body wt) and then are challenged intranasally with 10 p.g of Z). pteronyssinus or L destructor, 72 h following D. pteronyssinus or L destructor challenge, 0.5 ml of peripheral blood from the tail vein is collected and lungs are removed. The limgs are infiised with 4% paraformaldehyde (in PBS) for 30 mm, rinsed with PBS and immersed in 0.5 M sucrose (in PBS) overnight at 4° C. Lungs are inflated and embedded m parafin. Tissues sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosm and the degree of inflammation eosmophil infiltration is quantified by image analysis. White blood cells are isolated from peripheral blood by centrifiigation on a discontinuous PercoU gradient with subsequent hypotonic lysis of remaining red blood cells. White blood cells are isolated from peripheral blood on a discontinuous PercoU gradient. Eosinophils are enriched from both populations by the negative-selection process using anti-CD90 and anti-CD45R antibodies to deplete the B- and T-cell populations using the MACS magnetic bead separation method per the manufacturer's suggested protocol (Miltenyi Biotechnical, Auburn, CA). Eosinophil fractions are routinely enriched to Purified peripheral blood eosinophils are resuspended in RPMI-1640 (GIBCO-BRL) and 5% fetal calf serum (GIBCO-BRL) at a cell density of 1 x 10^ cells/ml. The cells are stimulated with 10*^ M phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and 10"^ M A-23187 (Sigma) in 96-well plates at 37° C for 30 min, 1 h, and 16 h 5 ^g Der p 1, Der f 2, Der 2, or Lep d 2 (20 ^g/ml) for 6 days. Following stimulation, the ability of VLPs to reverse the TH2-dominant cytokine secretion profile induced Der p 1, Der f 2, Der 2, or Lep d 2 is analyzed. Specfically, the ability of eosinophils to produce the IFN-y, IL-4 and IL-5 is analyzed by sandwich ELISA. Levels of D. pteronyssinus or L. destructor-spQcific IgE are measured by using ELISA. IgE antibodies specific for induced Der p 1, Der f 2, Der 2 and Lep d 2 are monitored in pooled sera from D. pteronyssinus or L. destructor-sensitized mice. Plates are coated vdth Der p 1, Der f 2, Der 2 and Lep d 2 (2 fj.g/ml). Levels of IgG subclasses, specifically IgGl and IgG2a, are also measured by ELISA in order to determme if a THl or a TH2 response is used. EXAMPLE 9 Desensitization of mice against Bee venom challenge Packaging of VLPs wdth CpG and immunization of mice with VLP(CpG) mixed with Bee venom VLPs having the sequence as shown m SEQ ID NO: 70 were produced in E. colt and contain amounts of RNA which can be digested and so eluninated by incubating the VLPs with RNase A. The highly active RNase A enzyme used has a molecular weight of about 14 kDa. Recombinantly produced HBc VLPs concentrated at 0.8 mg/ml in PBS buffer pH7.2 were incubated in the absence or presence of RNase A (300 ^ig/ml, Qiagen AG, Switzerland) for 3h at 37°C. After RNase A digestion VLPs were supplemented with 130nmol/ml CpG oligonucleotides (of the sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 69) with phosphorothioate backbone and incubated for 3h at 37°C. VLP preparations for mouse immunization were extensively dialysed (10,000-fold diluted) for 24 h agamst PBS pH7.2 with a 300 kDa MWCO dialysis membrane (Spectrum Medical Industries Inc., Houston, TX, USA) to eliminate RNase A and the excess of CpG-oligonucleotides. A group of 13 CBA/J mice have been sensitized by repeated mjections of 0.2ug Bee venom (Pharmalgen) and Img Alum (Pierce), mixed with PBS, on day 0, 9, 23 and 38. The mice received a total volume of 66ul s.c. (33ul per each side) per injection day. After four' times of sensitization the mice were desensitized with VLP(CpG) + Bee venom or with VLP(CpG) alone at day 65, 73, and 80. The first group of seven mice received three injections each of 50ug VLP(CpG) + 5ug Bee venom in PBS. A total volume of 200ul was given s.c. in two doses a lOOul per each side. The second group of six mice received the same amount of VLP(CpG) but no Bee venom following the same immunization schedule as for the first group (d65, d73 and d80). Fmally, at day 87 all mice were challenged with 30ug Bee venom s.c. in a total vohimeof300ulPBS. Throughout the description and figures the terms VLP(CpG) and VLP-CpG are used interchangeably and mean VLP packaged with CpG. EXAMPLE 10 Assessment of temperature changes and serum analysis of vaccinated mice challenged with Bee venom In order to assess the protective outcome of the desensitization with the VLP(CpG) conjugates, the body temperature of the mice was measured in lOmin. intervals for Ih after the Bee venom challenge (Figure 8). Figure 8 shows allergic body temperature drop in VLP(CpG) + Bee venom vaccinated mice. Two sets of mice have been tested. Group 1 (n = 7) received VLP(CpG) mixed together with Bee venom as vaccine. Group 2 (n = 6) received only VLP(CpG). After the challenge with a high dose of Bee venom (30ug), the allergic reaction was assessed in terms of changes in the body temperature of the mice. In group 1 receiving the Bee venom together with VLP(CpG) no significant changes of the body temperature was observed in any of the tested mice. In contrast, the group 2 receiving only VLP(CpG) as a desensitizing vaccme showed a pronoimced body temperature drop in 4 out of 6 animals. Therefore, these mice have not been protected firom allergic reactions. Note: The symbols in the figure represent the mean of 6 (for VLP(CpG)) or 7 (VLP(CpG) + Bee venom ) individual mice including standard deviation (SD) For serological analysis the mice were bled retroorbitally at day 0 (pre-immune), day 58 (after sensitization) and day 86 (after desensitization). The ELISA tests were performed as follows. ELISA plates were coated overnight at 4°C with 5ug Bee venom per 1ml coating buffer (O.IM NaHCO, pH 9.6), The plates were blocked with blocking buffer (2% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS (pH 7.4)/0.05% Tween20) for 2 hours at Sl^C, washed with PBS (pH7.4)/0.05% Tween20 and then incubated for 2 hours at room temperature with serially diluted mouse sera in blocking buffer. For IgE-detection the immune sera were pre-absorbed on a protein G column. The plates were washed with PBS (pH 7.4)70.05% Tween20 and then incubated with horse radish peroxidase-Iabeled goat anti-mouse IgE, IgGl or IgG2a antibodies at lug/ml (Jackson InmiunoResearach) for Ih at room temperature. The plates were washed with PBS (pH 7.4)/0.05% Tween20 and the substrate solution was added (0.066M Na2HP04, 0.035M citric acid (pH5.0) + 0.4mg OPD (1.2-Phenylenediamine dihydrochloride) + 0,01% H2O2). After lOmin. the color reaction was stopped with 5% H2SO4 and absorbance was read at 450nm. As a control, pre-immime sera of the same mice were also tested. ELISA titers were presented as optical density (OD450nm) of 1:250 (IgE), 1:12500 (IgGl) or 1:500 (IgG2a) diluted sera (Figure 9). Figure 9 shows detection of specific IgE and IgG serum antibodies in mice before and after desensitization. Blood samples of all mice were taken before and after desensitization and tested in ELISA for Bee venom specific IgE antibodies (panel A), IgGl antibodies (panel B) and IgG2a antibodies (panel C), respectively. As shown in Figure 9A, an increased IgE titer is observed for VLP(CpG) + Bee venom vaccinated mice after desensitization. The results are presented as the optical density (OD450nm) at 1:250 serum dilution. The mean of 6 (VLP(CpG))or 7 CVLP(CpG) + Bee venom) individual mice including standard deviation (SD) is shown in the figure. Figure 9B reveals an increased anti-Bee venom IgGl serum titer after desensitization only for mice vaccinated with VLP(CpG) + Bee venom. The same is true for Figure 9C were IgG2a serum titers have been determined. As expected for a successfiil desensitization, the increase in IgG2a antibody titers was most pronounced. The results are shown as means of 2 (VLP(CpG)) or 3 (VLP(CpG) + Bee venom) mice including SD for 1:12500 (IgGl)or 1:500 (IgG2a) serum dilutions, respectively. EXAMPLE 11 VLPs containing CpG-oligonucleotides induce IgG responses against co-administered grass pollen extract. VLPs formed by the coat protein of the RNA bacteriophage Qb was used for this experiment. They were used either untreated or after packaging with CpG-2006 oligonucleotides (SEQ-ID NO: 114) havmg phosphorothioate modifications of the phosphorus backbone. Packaging of CpG-2006 was achieved by incubating 8 ml of a Qb VLP solution (2.2 mg/ml) at 60°C overnight m the presence of 0.2 ml of a 100 mM ZnS04 solution. This treatment leads to hydrolysis of the RNA contained in the Qb VLPs. After dialysis against 20 mM Hepes, pH 7.5 using a dialysis tube (cut-off MWCO 300000), CpG-2006 was added at 130 nmol / 1 ml VLP solution and incubated for 3 h at 37°C under shaking at 650 rpm. Removal of unpackaged CpG-2006 was achieved by subsequent treatment vwth 50 U/ml Benzonase (Merck) for 3 h at 37°C in the presence of 1 mM MgCla followed by a dialysis against 20 mM Hepes, pH 7.5 as discribed above. Packaging of CpG-2006 was verified by agarose gel electrophoresis stained with ethidium bromide for visualization of nucleic acids and subsequently with Coomassie Blue for visualization of protein. In addition packaged VLPs were analysed on TBE-urea gels and amounts of packaged CpG-oligonucleotides estimated. About 6.7 nmol of CpG-2006 were packaged in 100 ug Qb VLPs. Female Balb/c mice were subcutaneously immunized with 1.9 B.U. of the grass pollen extract (5-gras-mix Pangramin, Abello, prepared from perennial rye, orchard, timothy, kentucky bluegrass and meadow fescue pollen) mixed with one of the following: 50 ^g Qb VLP alone, 50 [xg Qb VLP loaded and packaged, respectively, with CpG-2006 or 3 mg aluminium hydroxide (Imject, Pierce). 14 days later, mice were boosted with the same vaccine preparations and bled on day 21. IgG responses in sera from day 21 were assessed by ELISA. As shown m Figure 10, the presence of VLPs loaded and packaged, respectively, with CpG-2006 enhanced the IgG2b response agmnst the pollen extract. No IgE agamst pollen extract was induced m the presence of Qb VLPs loaded and packaged, respectively, with CpG-2006 while in the presence of Alum a strong IgE response was observed. In contrast to Alum did the Qb-VLP loaded and packaged, respectively, with CpG-2006 not mduce IgGl antibodies. This indicates the absence of aTh2 biased response. EXAMPLE 12 VLPs containing CpG-oligonucleotides induce IgG responses against co-administered grass pollen extract in allergic mice VLPs formed by the coat protein of the RNA bacteriophage Qb was used for this experiment. They were used after packaging with CpG-2006 oligonucleotides (SEQ-ID NO: 114) as described m EXAMPLE 11. Female Balb/c mice were subcutaneously sensitized with 1.9 B.U. of the grass pollen extract (see EXAMPLE 11) mixed with 3 mg aluminium hydroxide (Imject, Pierce). 14 days later, mice were boosted with the same vaccine preparation. One group of mice was left untreated. Further groups underwent desensitization treatment at day 21, day 28 and day 35 by injection of 1.9 B.U. of the grass pollen extract alone or mixed with one of the following: 50 \ig Qb VLP alone, 50 fig Qb VLP loaded and packaged, respectively, with CpG-2006 or 3 mg Alum (Imject, Pierce). A fiirther group of mice was desensitized with 50 \ig Qb VLP loaded and packaged, respectively, with CpG~2006. IgG responses in sera from days 14,21, 28, 35 and 42 were assessed by ELISA. As shown in Figure 11, in the presence of pollen and VLPs loaded and packaged, respectively, with CpG-2006 a strong IgG2b response was induced against the pollen extract which was absent in untreated mice or mice treated with pollen extract. The IgGl response was higher for mice desensitized with Qb VLPs loaded and packaged, respectively, with CpG-2006 than for mice treated with pollen extract alone. Untreated mice and mice treated with Qb VLPs loaded, and packaged, respectively, with CpG-2006 in the absence of pollen did not induce IgGl antibodies. EXAMPLE 13 VLPs containing CpG-oligonucleotides induce IgG responses against co-administered tree pollen extract in allergic mice VLPs fonned by the coat protein of the RNA bacteriophage Qb are used for this expermient. They are used after packaging with CpG-2006 oligonucleotides (SEQ-ID NO: 114) as described in EXAMPLE 11. Female Balb/c mice were subcutaneously sensitized with tree pollen extract. One group of mice receives 2 B.U. of the tree pollen extract mix (3 trees mix, Abello) containing pollen extracts oiAlnus glutinosa, Betula verrucosa and Corylus avellana. A second group receives Alnus glutinosa extract only, group three receives Betula verrucosa pollen extract only and group four Corylus avellana pollen extract only, group five receives japanes cedar (Cryptomeriajaponica) pollen extract only. 14 days later, mice are boosted with the same vaccine preparation. One group of mice is left untreated. Fuilher groups undergo desensitization treatment at day 21, day 28 and day 35 by injection of 2 B.U. of the same tree pollen extract that was used for sensitization. This corresponding extract is either used alone or mixed with one of the following: 50 fag Qb VLP alone, 50 (j,g Qb VLP loaded and packaged, respectively, with CpG-2006 or 3 mg aluminium hydroxide (Imject, Pierce). IgG responses in sera from days 14,21, 28, 35 and 42 are assessed by ELISA. EXAMPLE 14 VLPs containing CpG-oligonucleotides induce IgG responses against co-administered cat allergen extract in allergic mice VLPs formed by the coat protein of the RNA bacteriophage Qb are used for this experiment. They are used after packagmg with CpG-2006 oligonucleotides (SEQ-ID NO: 114) as described in EXAMPLE 11. Two groups of female Balb/c mice were subcutaneously sensitized with cat allergen extract corresponding to 0.5 \ig and 5 |Xg Feldl protein. 14 days later, mice are boosted with the same vaccine preparation. One group of mice is left untreated. Further groups undergo desensitization treatment at day 21, day 28 and day 35 by injection of the same cat allergen extract that was used for sensitization. This corresponding extract is either used alone or mixed with one of the following: 50 |J.g Qb VLP alone, 50 jag Qb VLP loaded and packaged, respectively, with CpG-2006 or 3 mg aluminium hydroxide (Imject, Pierce). IgG responses in sera from days 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 are assessed by ELISA. EXAMPLE 15 VLPs containing GIO-PO induce IgG responses against co-administered allergen extract. VLPs fonned by the coat protein of the RNA bacteriophage Qb was used for this experiment. They were used either untreated or after packaging with GlO-PO (SEQ-ID NO: 122). Packaging of GIO was achieved by the following method: Disassembly: 45 mg QP VLP (as determmed by Bradford analysis) in PBS (20 mM Phosphate, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.8), was reduced with 5 mM DTT for 15 min at RT under stirring conditions. A second incubation of 30 min at RT under stirring conditions followed after addition of magnesium chloride to a final concentration of 700 mM, leading to precipitation of the RNA. The solution was centrifuged 10 min at 10000 g at 4°C in order to isolate the precipitated RNA in the pellet. The disassembled Qp coat protem dimer, in the supernatant, was used directly for the chromatography purification steps. Two-step purification method of disassembled Qfi coat protein by cation ion exchange chromatography: The supernatant of the disassembly reaction, containing disassembled coat protein and remaining RNA, was applied onto a SP-Sepharose FF. During the run, which was carried out at RT with a flow rate of 5ml/min, the absorbance at 260nm and 280nm was monitored. The column was equilibrated with 20mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7, 150 mM NaCl; the sample was diluted 1:10 to reach a conductivity below lOmS/cm. The elution step (in 5ml Auctions) followed with a gradient to 20mM sodiimi phosphate and SOOmM sodium chloride in order to isolate pure Qp coat proteui dimer fi"om contaminants. Optionally, in a subsequent step, the isolated Qp coat protein dimer (the eluted fraction from the cation exchange column) was applied onto a Sepharose CL4B (Amersham pharmacia biotech) equilibrated with buffer (20mM sodium phosphate, 250mM sodium chloride; pH 7.2). Absorbance was monitored at 260nm and 280nm and fractions corresponding to the Qb dimer were pooled. Reassembly: Purified Qp coat protem dimer at a concentration of I mg/ml was used for ihe reassembly of QP VLP in the presence of tiie oligodeoxynucleotide GIO-PO. The oligodeoxynucleotide concentration in the reassembly reaction was of 35|j.M. The concentration of coat protein dimer m the reassembly solution was 70(iM. Urea was added to the solution to give final concentrations of IM urea. Alternatively, 2.5mM DTT was added in addition to the urea. Sodium chloride was added to a total concentratio of 250mM. The oligodeoxynucleotide to be packaged during the reassembly reaction was added last giving a final volume of the reassembly reaction of 25ml. This solution was first diafiltrated for 100 min agmnst buffer containing 20 niM sodium phosphate, 250 mM NaCl, pH 7.2 using a Pellikon XL Biomax 5 membrane with a MWCO of 5 kDa at room temperature. This was followed by a second diafiltration without or alternatively after incubation with 7 mM hydrogen peroxide for 1 h. In the second diafiltration 20 mM sodium phosphate, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.2 using a Pellikon XL Biomax 100 membrane with a MWCO of 100 kDa or a membrane with a MWCO of 300 kDa were used. Analysis of Qp VLPs which had been reassembled in the presence of oligodeoxynucleotides: A) Hydrodynamic size of reassembled capsids: Qp capsids, which had been reassembled in the presence of oligodeoxynucleotide GIO-PO, were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and compared to intact Qp VLPs, which had been purified from E.coli. Reassembled capsids showed a similar hydrodynamic size (which depends both on mass and conformation) as the intact Qp VLPs. B) Disulfide-bond formation in reassembled capsids: Reassembled Qp VLPs were analyzed by non-reducmg SDS-PAGE and compared to intact QP VLPs, which had been purified firom E.coli. Reassembled capsids displayed a similar disulfide-bond pattern, with the presence of pentamers and hexamers, as the mtact Qp VLPs. C) Analysis of nucleic acid content of the QP VLPs which had been reassembled in the presence of oligodeoxynucleotides by agarose gelelectrophoresis and by denaturing polyacrylamide TBE-Urea gelelecti'ophoresis: Reassembled QP VLPs were loaded on a 1% agarose gel and was stained with ethidium bromide and Coomassie Brilliant Blue. Reassembled QP VLPs were treated with protemase K as described in Example 18. The reactions were then mixed witii a TBE-Urea sample buffer and loaded on a 15% polyacrylamide TBE-Urea gel. As a qualitative as well as quantitative standard, 10 pmol, 20 pmol and 40 pmol of the oligodeoxynucleotide which was used for the reassembling reaction, was loaded on the same gel. This gel was stained with SYBR®-Gold (Molecular Probes Cat No. S-11494). The SYBR®-Gold stain showed that the reassembled QP capsids contained nucleic acid comigrating with the oligodeoxynucleotides which were used in the reassembly reaction. The agarose gel showed same migration of oligonucleotide stain and protein stain. Taken together, comigration of the nucleic acid content of the Qp VLPs with protein and isolation of the oligodeoxynucleotide from purified particles by proteinase K digestion, demonstrate packaging of the oligodeoxynucleotide. Female Balb/c mice were subcutaneously sensitized with grass pollen extract or with cat hair extract as described in EXAMPLES 11 and 14. One group of each sensitized mouse groups is left untreated. Further groups undergo desensitization treatment at day 21, day 28 and day 35 by injection of same allergen extract that was used for sensitization. The corresponding extract is either used alone or mixed with one of the following: 50 |ig Qb VLP alone, 50 |ig Qb VLP loaded and packaged, respectively, with GIO-PO or 3 mg aluminium hydroxide (Imject, Pierce). IgG responses in sera from days 14, 21, 28,35 and 42 are assessed by ELISA. EXAMPLE 16: Clonmg of the AP205 Coat Protein gene The cDNA of AP205 coat protem (CP) (SEQ ID NO: 90) was assembled from two cDNA fragments generated from phage AP205 RNA by using a reverse transcription-PCR technique and cloning in the commercial plasmid pCR 4-TOPO for sequencmg. Reverse transcription techniques are well known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art. The first fragment, contained in plasmid p205-246, contained 269 nucleotides upstream of the CP sequence and 74 nucleotides codmg for the first 24 N-terminal amino acids of the CP. The second fragment, contained in plasmid p205-262, contained 364 nucleotides coding for amino acidsl2-131of CP and an additional 162 nucleotides downstream of the CP sequence. Both p205-246 and p205-262 were a generous gift from J. Klovins. The plasmid 283.-58 was designed by two-step PCR, in order to fuse both CP fragments from plasmids p205-246 and p205-262 in one full-length CP sequence. An upstream primer pi .44 containing the Ncol site for cloning into plasmid pQbl85, or pi .45 containing the Xbal site for cloning into plasmid pQbl 0, and a downstream primer pi .46 containing the //mc?7//restriction site were used (recognition sequence of the restriction enzyme underlined); pl.44 5^-KNCC ATG GCA AAT AAG CCA ATG CAA CCG-V (SEQ ID NO: 100) pl.45 5'-NNTC2AGAATTTTCTGCGCACCCATCCCGG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 101) pi.46 5'-NNAAGC TTA AGC ACT AGT ATC AGA CGA TAC G-3' (SEQ ID NO: 102) Two additional primers, pl.47, annealing at the 5' end of the fragment contained m p205-262, and pi.48, annealing at the 3' end of the fragment contained in plasmid p205-246 were used to amplify the fragments in the first PCR. Primers pl.47 and pl.48 are complementary to each other. pi .47: 5 '-GAGTGATCCAACTCGTTTATCAACTACATTT-TCAGC AAGTCTG- 3'(SEQ ID NO: 103) pi .48: 5'-CAGACTTGCTGAAAATGTAGTTGATAAACGA-GTTGGATCACTC- 3'(SEQ ID NO: 104) In the first two PCR reactions, two fragments were generated. The first fragment was generated with primers pl.45 and pl.48 and template p205-246. The second fragment was generated with primers pl.47 and pl.46, and template p205-262. Both fragments were used as templates for the second PCR reaction, a splice-overlap extension, with the primer combination pl.45 and pl.46 or pl.44 and pl.46 . The product of the two second-step PCR reactions were digested with Xbal or Ncol respectively, and Hindlll and cloned with the same restriction sites into pQblO or pQbl85 respectively, two pGEM-derived expression vectors under the control of E.coli tryptophan operon promoter. Two plasmids were obtained, pAP283-58 (SEQ ID NO: 91), containing the gene coding for wt AP205 CP (SEQ ID NO: 90) in pQblO, and pAP281-32 (SEQ ID NO: 94) with mutation Pro5-^Thr (SEQ ED NO: 93), in pQbl85 . The coat protein sequences were verified by DNA sequencing. PAP283-58 contains 49 nucleotides upstream of the ATG codon of the CP, downstream of the Xbal site, and contains the putative original ribosomal binding site of the coat protein mRNA. EXAMPLE 17: Expression and Purification of Recombinant AP205 VLP A. Expression of recombinant AP205 VLP E.coli JM109 was transformed with plasmid pAP283-58. 5 ml of LB Hquid medium with 20 |J-g/ml ampicillin were inoculated with a single colony, and incubated at 37 °C for 16-24 h without shaking. The prepared inoculum was diluted 1:100 in 100-300 ml of LB medium, containing 20 p,g/ml ampicillin and incubated at 37 **C overnight without shaking. The resulting second inoculum was diluted 1:50 in 2TY medium, containing 0.2 % glucose and phosphate for buffering, and incubated at 37 °C overnight on a shaker. Cells were harvested by centrifugation and frozen at -80°C. B. Purification of recombinant AP205 VLP Solutions and buffers: Lysis buffer 50mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0 with 5mM EDTA, 0.1% tritonXlOO and PMSF at 5 micrograms per ml. SAS Saturated ammonium sulphate in water Buffer NET. 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.8 with 5mM EDTA and ISOmMNaCl. PEG 40% (w/v) polyethylenglycol 6000 uiNET Lysis: Frozen cells were resuspended in lysis buffer at 2 ml/g cells. The mixture was sonicated with 22 kH five times fori 5 seconds, with intervals of Imin to cool the solution on ice. The lysate was then centrifuged for 20 minutes at 12 000 rpm, using a F34-6-38 rotor (Ependorf). The centrifugation steps described below were all performed using the same rotor, except otherwise stated. The supernatant was stored at 4° C, while cell debris were washed twice with lysis buffer. After centrifugation, the supematants of the lysate and wash fractions were pooled. Ammonium-sulphate precipitation can be further used to purify AP205 VLP. In a first step, a concentration of ammonium-sulphate at which AP205 VLP does not precipitate is chosen. The resulting pellet is discarded. In the next step, an ammonium sulphate concentration at which AP205 VLP quantitatively precipitates is selected, and AP205 VLP is isolated from the pellet of this precipitation step by centrifugation (14 000 rpm, for 20 min). The obtained pellet is solubiUsed in NET buffer. Chromatography: The capsid protein from the pooled supematants was loaded on a Sepharose 4B column (2.8 X 70 cm), and eluted with NET buffer, at 4 ml/hour/fraction. Fractions 28-40 were collected, and precipitated with ammonium sulphate at 60% saturation. The fractions were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western Blot with an antiserum specific for AP205 prior to precipitation. The pellet isolated by centrifugation was resolubilized in NET buffer, and loaded on a Sepharose 2B column (2.3 X 65 cm), eluted at 3 ml/h/fraction. Fractions were analysed by SDS-PAGE, and fractions 44-50 were collected, pooled and precipitated with ammonium sulphate at 60% saturation. The pellet isolated by centrifugation was resolubilized in NET buffer, and purified on a Sepharose 6B column (2.5 X 47 cm), eluted at 3 ml/hour/fraction. The fractions were analysed by SDS-PAGE. Fractions 23-27 were collected, the salt concentration adjusted to 0.5 M, and precipitated with PEG 6000, added from a 40% stock in water and to a final concentration of 13.3%. The pellet isolated by centrifugation was resolubilized in NET buffer, and loaded on the same Sepharose 2B column as above, eluted in the same maimer. Fractions 43-53 were collected, and precipitated with ammonium sulphate at a saturation of 60%. The pellet isolated by centrifiagation was resolubilized in water, and the obtained protein solution was extensively dialyzed against water. About 10 mg of purified protein per gram of cells could be isolated. Small letters indicate deoxynucleotides connected via phosphorothioate bonds while large letters indicate deoxynucleotides connected via phosphodiester bonds Terminology Sequence SEQ ID NO CyCpGpt tccatgacgttcctgaataat 69 CpG-2006 tcgtcgttttgtcgttttgtcgt 114 CyCpG TCCATGACGTTCCTGAATAAT 116 B-CpGpt tccatgacgttcctgacgtt 117 B-CpG TCCATGACGTTCCTGACGTT 118 NKCpGpt ggggtcaacgttgaggggg 119 NKCpG GGGGTCAACGTTGAGGGGG 120 CyCpG-rev-pt attattcaggaacgtcatgga 121 glOgacga-PO (GIO-PO) GGGGGGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGGGGGG 122 glOgacga-PS (GIO-PS) gggggggggggacgatcgtcgggggggggg 123 {CpG)20OpA CGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGC GCGCGCGAAATGCA TGTCAAAGACAGCAT 124 Cy(CpG)20 TCCATGACGTTCCTGAATAATCGCGCGCGCG CGCGCGCGCGCGCG CGCGCGCGCGCGCG 125 Cy(CpG)20-OpA TCCATGACGTTCCTGAATAATCGCGCGCGCG CGCGCGCGCGCGCG CGCGCGCGCGCGCGAAATGCATGTCAAAGAC CAT 126 CyOpA TCCATGACGTTCCTGAATAATAAATGCATGT AAGACAGCAT 127 CyCyCy TCCATGACGTTCCTGAATAATTCCATGACGT CTGAATAATTCCAT GACGTTCCTGAATAAT 128 Cyl50-1 TCCATGACGTTCCTGAATAATTCCATGACGT CTGAATAATTCCAT GACGTTCCTGAATAATTGGATGACGTTGGTG TAATTCCATGACGT TCCTGAATAATTCCATGACGTTCCTGAATAA CCATGACGTTCCTG AATAATTCC 129 dsCyCpG-253 {complementary strand not shown) CTAGAACTAGTGGATCCCCCGGGCTGCAGGA TCGATTCATGACTT CCTGAATAATTCCATGACGTTGGTGAATAAT CATGACGTTCCTGA ATAATTCCATGACGTTCCTGAATAATTCCAT CGTTCCTGAATAAT TCCATGACGTTCCTGAATAATTCCATGACGT 130 CTGAATAATTCCAT GACGrTCCTGAATAATTCCATGACGTTCCTG AATTCCAATCAAGC TTATCGATACCGTCGACC DNAse I treatment: Packaged HBcAg-p33 VLPs were subsequently subjected to DNasel digestion (5 U/ml) for 3 h at 37°C (DNasel, RNase free Fluka AG, Sv^tzerland) and were extensively dialysed (2 x against 200-fold voltime) for 24 h against PBS pH 7.4 with a 300 JcDa MWCO diaiysis membrane (Spectrum Medical industries Inc., Houston, USA) to eliminate RNAse A and the excess of CpG-oligonucleotides. Bemonase treatment: Since some single stranded oligodeoxynucleotides were partially resistant to DNasel treatment, Beozonase treatment was used to eliwmate free oligonucleotides from the preparation. 100-120 U/ml Benzonase (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Gennany) and 5 mM MgCk were added and incubated for 3 h at 37°C before dialysis. Diaiysis: VLP preparations packaged with immunosfimulatroy nucleic acids used in mouse immunization experiments were extensively dialysed (2x against 200fold volume) for 24 h against PBS pH 7.4 with a 300 kDa MWCO dialysis membrane (Spectrum Medical Industries, Houston, US) to eliminate added enzymes and free nucleic acids. Analytics of packaging: release of packaged immiinostimulatory nucleic acids: To 50 \iX capsid solution 1 \i\ of proteinase K (600 U/ml, Roche, Mannheim, Germany), 3 pX 10% SDS-solution and 6 \i\ lOfold proteinase buffer (0.5 M NaCl, 50 mM EDTA, 0.1 M Tris pH 7.4) were added and subsequently incubated overnight at 37°C. VLPs are completed hydiolysed under these conditions. Proteinase K was mactivated by heatmg for 20 min at 65°C. 1 ^il RNAse A (Qiagen, 100 ng/ml, diluted 250 fold) was added to 25 ^l of capsid. 2-30 ^ig of capsid were mixed with 1 volume of 2x loadmg buffer (IxTBE, 42% w/v urea, 12% w/v FicoU, 0.01 % Bromphenolblue), heated for 3 nun at 95^C and loaded on a 10% (for oligonucleotides of about 20 nt length) or 15% (for > than 40 mer nucleic acids) TBE/urea polyacrylamid gel (Invitrogen). Alternatively samples were loaded on a i% agarose gel with 6x loading dye (10 mM Tris v^ 1.S, 50 mM EDTA, 10% v/v glycerol, 0.4 % orange G). TBE/urea gels were stained with S YBRGold and agarose gels with stained with ethidium bromide. Fig. 12 shows the packaging of GIO-PO oUgonucleotides into HBc33. RNA content in the VLPs was strongly reduced after RNaseA treatment (Fig. 12A) while most of the capsid migrated as a a slow migrating smear presumably due to the removal of the negatively charged RNA (Fig. 12B). After incubation with an excess of oligonncleotid the capsids contained a higher amount of nucleic acid than the RNAseA treated capsids and therefore migrated at similar velocity as the untreated capsids. Additional treatment with DNAse 1 or Benzonase degraded the free oligonucleotides wliile oligonucleotides packaged in the capsids did not degrade, clearly showing packaging of oligonucleotides. The findmg that oligonucleotides restore the migration of the capsids clearly demonstrated packaging of oUgonucleotides. Analogous results and figures have been obtained for the other oligonucleotides used and indicated within this example. EXAMPLE 19 Qp Disassembly Reassembly and Packaging. Disassembly and Reassembly ofQp VLP Disassembly: 10 mg Qp VLP (also termed interchangeably Qp capsids) (as determined by Bradford analysis) in 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCi was precipitated with solid ammonium sulfate at a final saturation of 60%. Precipitation was performed over night at 4°C and precipitated VLPs were sedimented by centrifijgation for 60 minutes at 4°C (SS-34 rotor). Pellets were resuspended in 1 ml of 6 M Guatiidme hydrochloride (GuHCl) containing 100 mM DTT (final concentration) and incubated for 8 h at 4°C. Purification ofQp coat protein by size exclusion chromatography: The solution was clarified for 10 minutes at 14000 rpm (Eppendorf 5417 R, in fixed angle rotor F45-30-11, used in all the following steps) and dialysed against a buffer containing 7 M urea, 100 mM TrisHCl, pH 8.0, 10 mM DTT (2000 ml) over night. Dialysis buffer was exchanged once and dialysis continued for another 2 h. The resulting suspension wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 104 was centrifuged at 14 000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4°C. A neghgible sediment was discarded, and the supernatant was kept as "load fraction" containing dissasembled coat protein and RNA. Protein concentration was determined by Bradford analysis and 5mg total protein was applied onto a HiLoadTw Superdex™ 75 prep grade 5 column (26/60, Amersham Biosciences) equilibrated with 7 M urea, 100 mM TrisHCl and 10 mM DTT. Size exclusion chromatography was performed with the equilibration buffer (7 M urea, 100 mM TrisHCl pH 8.0, 10 mM DTT) at 12°C with a flow-rate of 0.5 ml/min. During the elution absorbance at 254 nm and 280 nm was monitored. Two peaks were isolated. A high molecular weight peak preceded a peak 10 of lower apparent molecular weight. Peaks were collected in fractions of 1.5 ml and aliquots were analysed by SDS-PAGE followed by Coomassie staining as well as SYBR®Gold staining. Tliis showed that the RNA could be separated from the coat protein which eluted in the second peak. Purification of Qp coat protein by ion exchange chromatography: Alternatively, the 15 clearified supernatant was dialysed against a buffer containing 7 M urea, 20 mM MES, 10 mM DTT, pH 6.0 (2000 ml) over night. Dialysis buffer was exchanged once and dialysis continued for another 2 h. The resulting suspension was centrifuged at 14 000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4°C. A negligible sediment was discarded, and the supernatant was kept as "load fraction" containing disassembled coat protein and 20 RNA. Protein concentration was determined by Bradford analysis and 10 mg total protem was diluted to a final volume of 10 ml with buffer A (see below) and applied with a flowrate of 1 ml/min to a 1 ml HiTrap™ SP HP column (Amersham Biosciences, Cat. No. 17-1151-01 ) equilibrated with buffer A: 7 M urea, 20 mM MES, 10 mM DTT, pH 6.0. The flowthrough which contained the RNA was collected 25 as one fraction. After the column was extensively washed with buffer A (30 CV) the bound Qp coat protein was eluted m a linear gradient from 0% - 100% buffer B (gradient length was 5 CV; buffer A: see above, buffer B: 7 M urea, 20 mM MES, 10 mM DTT, 2 M NaCl, pH 6.0). During the loading, wash and elution the absorbance at 254 nm and 280 nm was monitored. Peak fractions of 1 ml were collected and 30 analysed by SDS-PAGE followed by Coomassie staining as well as SYBR®Gold staining. Fractions containing the Qp coat protein but not the RNA were identified and the pH was adjusted by addition of 100 p.11 M TrisHCl, pH 8.0. wo 2004/000351 PCT/EP2003/006541 105 Samples containing the QP coat protein but no RNA were pooled and dialysed against 0.87 M urea, 100 mM TrisHCI, 10 mM DTT (2000 ml) over night and buffer was exchanged once and dialysis continued for another 2 h. The resulting suspension was centrituged at 14 000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4*'C. A negligible sediment was 5 discarded, and the supernatant was kept as "disassembled coat protein". Protein concentration was determined by Bradford analysis. Reassembly: Purified Qp coat protein with a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml was used for the reassembly of VLPs in the presence of an oligodeoxynucleotide. For the reassembly reaction the oligodeoxynucleotide was used in a tenfold excess over the 10 calculated theoretical amount of QP-VLP capsids (monomer concentration divided by 180). After the Qp coat protein was mixed with the oligodeoxynucleotide to be packaged during the reassembly reaction, this solution (volume up to 5 ml) was first dialysed for 2 h agamst 500 ml NET buffer containing 10% p-mercaptoethanol at 4°C, then dialyzed in a continuous mode, with a flow of NET buffer of 8 ml/h over 15 72 h at 4°C, and finally for another 72 h with the same continous mode with a buffer composed of 20 mM TrisHCl pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl. The resulting suspension was centrifuged at 14 000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4°C. A negligible sediment was discarded, and the supernatant contained the reassembled and packaged VLPs. Protein concentration was determined by Bradford analysis and if needed 20 reassembled and packaged VLPs were concentrated with centrifugal filter devices (Millipore, UPV4BCC25, 5K NMWL) to a final proteinconcentration of 3 mg/ml. Purification of reassembled and packaged VLPs: Up to 10 mg total protem was loaded onto a Sepharose^M CL-4B column (16/70, Amersham Biosciences) equilibrated with 20 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl. Size exclusion 25 chromatography was performed with the equilibration buffer (20 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 150 roM NaCl) at room temperature with a flow-rate of 0.4 ml/min. During the elution absorbance at 254 nm and 280 nm was monitored. Two peaks were isolated. A high molecular weight peak preceded a peak of lower apparent molecular weight. Fractions of 0.5 ml were collected and identified by SDS-PAGE followed by 30 Coomassie blue staining. Calibration of the column with intact and highly purified QP capsids from E.coli revealed that the apparent molecular weight of the major first peak was consistent with Qp capsids. Analysis of Qp VLPs which had been reassembled in the presence of oligodeoxynucleotides: 4) Overall structure of the capsids: Qp VLPs that were reassembled either m the presence of one of the following oUgodeoxynucleotides (CyOpA (SEQ ID NO: 127), Cy(CpG)20OpA (SEQ ID NO: 126), Cy(CpG)20 (SEQ ID NO: 125), CyCyCy (SEQ ID NO: 128), (CpG)20OpA) (SEQ ID NO: 124), or in the presence of tRNA from KcoU (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Cat. No. 109541) were analyzed by electron microscopy (negative staining with uranylacetate pH 4.5) and compared to intact Qp VLPs purified from E.coli. As a negative control served a reassembly reaction where nucleic acid was omitted. Reassembled capsids display the same structural features and properties as the intact Qp VLPs (Figure 13). B) Hydrodynamic size of reassembled capsids: QP capsids which had been reassembled in the presence of oligodeoxynucleotides were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and compared to intact Qp VLPs which had been purified from Kco/z.Reassembled capsids showed the same hydrodynamic size (which depends both on mass and conformation) as the intact Qp VLPs. C) Disulfide-bond formation in reassembled capsids: Reassembled Qp VLPs were analyzed by native polyacrylamid gelelectrophoresis and compared to intact Qp VLPs which had been purified from E.coli. Reassembled capsids displayed the same disulfide-bond pattern as the intact Qp VLPs. D) Analysis of nucleic acid content of the Qp VLPs which had been reassembled in the presence of oligodeoxynucleotides by agarose gelelectrophoresis: 5 ^ig reassembled Qp VLPs were incubated in total reaction * volume of 25 \i\ either with 0.35 units RNase A (Qiagen, Cat. No. 19101), 15 units DNAsel (Fluka, Cat. No. 31136), or without any fiirther addition of enzymes for 3 h at 37°C. Intact Qp VLPs which had been purified from E.coli served as control and were incubated under the same conditions as described for the capsids which had been reassembled in the presence of oligodeoxynucleotides. The reactions were then loaded on a 0.8% agarose gel that was first stained with ethidumbromide (Figure 14A) and subsequently with Coomassie blue (Figure 14B). The ethidium bromide stain shows, that none of the added enzymes could digest the nucleic acid content in the reassembled Qp capsids showing that the nucleic acid content (i.e. the oligodeoxynucleotides) is protected. This result indicates that the added oligodeoxynucleotides were packaged into the newly formed capsids durmg the reassembly reaction. In contrast, the nucleic acid content in the intact QP VLPs which had been pm-ified firom E.coli was degraded upon addition of RNase A, mdicating that the nucleic acid content in this VLPs consists of RNA. In addition, both the ethidium bromide stain and the Coomasie blue stain of the agarose gel shows that the nucleic acid containing Qp VLPs (reassembled and purified from Kcoii, respectively) are migrating at about the same size, which indicates that the reassembly reaction led to Qp VLPs of comparable size to intact Qp VLPs which had been purified fiom Kcoh. The gel thus shows that DNAse I protected oligodeoxynucleotides were present m the reassembled Qp VLP. Furthermore, after the packaged oligodeoxynuleotides had been extracted by phenol/chloroform they were digestable by DNAse I, but not by RNAse A. Oligodeoxynucleotides could thus be successfully packaged into Qp VLPs after initial disassembly of the VLP, purification of the disassembled coat protein fi-om nucleic acids and subsequent reassembly of the VLPs in the presence of oligodeoxynucleotides. E) Analysis of nucleic acid content of the Qp VLPs which had been reassembled in the presence of oligodeoxynucleotides by denaturing polyacrylamide TBE-Urea gelelectrophoresis: 40 p.g reassembled Qp VLPs (0.8 mg/ml) were incubated in a total reaction volume of 60 p-l with 0.5 mg/ml proteinase K (PCR-grade, Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Cat. No. 1964364) and a reaction buffer according to the manufacturers instructions for 3 h at 37°C. Intact Qp VLPs which had been purified fi:om E.coli served as control and were incubated with protemase K under the same conditions as described for the capsids which had been reassembled in the presence of oligodeoxynucleotides. The reactions were then mixed with a TBE-Urea sample buffer and loaded on a 15% polyacrylamide TBE-Urea gel (Novex®, Invitrogen Cat. No. EC6885). As a qualitative as well as quantitative standard, 1 pmol, 5 pmol and 10 pmol of the oUgodeoxynucleotide which was used for the reassemblmg reaction, were loaded onto the same gel. This gel was fixed with 10% acetic acid, 20% methanol, equilibrated to neutral pH and stained with SYBR -Gold (Molecular Probes Cat No, S-11494). The SYBR®-Gold stain showed, that tiie reassembled QP capsids contained nucleic acid comigrating with the oligodeoxynucleotides which were used in the reassembly reaction. Note that mtact QP VLPs (which had been purified from Kcoli) did not contam a nucleic acid of sunilar size. Taken together, analysis of the nucleic acid content of the QP VLPs which had been reassembled in the presence of oligodeoxynucleotides showed that oligodeoxynucleotides were protected from DNase I digestion, meaning that they were packaged) and that the added oligodeoxynucleotides could be reisolated by proper means (e.g. proteinase K digestion of the Qp VLP). Figure 13 shows electron micrographs of QP VLPs that were reassembled in the presence of different oligodeoxynucleotides. The VLPs had been reassembled in the presence of the indicated oligodeoxynucleotides or in the presence of tRNA but had not been purified to a homogenous suspension by size exclusion chromatography. As positive control served preparation of "intact" Qp VLPs which had been purified fi-om Exoll hnportantly, by adding any of the indicated nucleic acids during the reassembly reaction, VLPs of the correct size and conformation could be formed, when compared to the "positive" control. This implicates that the reassembly process in general is independent of the nucleotide sequence and the length of the used oligodeoxynucleotides. Note that adding of nucleic acids during the reassembly reaction is required for the formation of Qp VLPs, since no particles had been formed if nucleic acids were omitted fi:om the reassembly reaction. Figure 14 shows the analysis of nucleic acid content of the reassembled Qp VLPs by nuclease treatment and agarose gelelectrophoresis: 5 ng of reassembled and purified Qp VLPs and 5 \x.g of Qp VLPs which had been purified Jfrom E.colU respectively, were treated as indicated. After this treatment, samples were mixed with loading dye and loaded onto a 0.8% agarose gel. After the run the gel was stained fu:st with ethidum bromide (A) and after documentation the same gel was stained with Coomassie blue (B). Note that the nucleic acid content of the reassembled and pmfied Qp VLPs were resistant towards RNase A digestion while the nucleic acid content of Qp VLPs purified ftom E.coli was digested upon incubation with RNase A. This indicates that the nucleic acid content of the reassembled Qp capsids consists out of deoxynucleotides which of course are protected from RNase A digestion. Hence, oligodeoxynucleotides were packaged into Qp VLPs during the reassembly reaction. EXAMPLE 20 AP205 Disassembly-Purification-Reassembly and Packaging of immunostimulatory nucleic acids. A. Disassembly and Reassembly of AP205 VLP from material able to reassemble without addition of oligonucleotide Disassembly: 40 mg of lyophilized purified AP205 VLP (SEQ-ID: 90 or 93) were resolubilized in 4 ml 6 M GuHCl, and incubated overnight at 4°C. The disassembly mixture was centrifuged at 8000 rpm (Eppendorf 5810 R, in fixed angle rotor F34-6-38, used in all the following steps). The pellet was resolubilized in 7 M urea, while the supernatant was dialyzed 3 days against NET buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.8 with 5mM EDTA and 150 mM NaCl) with 3 changes of buffer. Alternatively, dialysis was conducted in continuous mode over 4 days. The dialyzed solution was centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the pellet was resolubilized in 7 M urea, while the supernatant was pelletted with ammonium sulphate (60% saturation), and resolubilized in a 7 M urea buffer containing 10 mM DTT. The previous pellets all resolubilized in 7 M urea were joined, and precipitated wdth ammonium sulphate (60% saturation), and resolubilized in a 7 M urea buffer containing 10 mM DTT. The materials resolubilized in the 7 M urea buffer containing 10 mM DTT were joined and loaded on a Sephadex G75 column equilibrated and eluted with the 7 M urea buffer containing 10 mM DTT at 2ml/h. One peak eluted fi-om the column. Fractions of 3 ml were collected. The peak fractions containing AP205 coat protein were pooled and precipitated with ammonium sulphate (60% saturation). The pellet was isolated by centrifugation at 8000 rpm, for 20 minutes. It was resolubilized in 7 M urea, 10 mM DTT, and loaded on a short Sepharose 4B column (1.5 X 27 cm Sepharose 4B, 2 ml/h, 7 M urea, 10 mM DTT as elution buffer). Mainly one peak, with a small shoulder eluted from the column. The fractions containing the AP205 coat protein were identified by SDS-PAGE, and pooled, excluding the shoulder. This yielded a sample of 10.3 ml. The protein concentration was estimated spectrophotometrically by measuring an aliquot of protein diluted 25-fold for the measurement, using the following formula: (1.55 x OD280 - 0.76 x OD260) x volume. The average concentration was of 1 nmol/ml of VLP (2.6 mg/ml). The ratio of absorbance at 280 nm vs. 260 nm was of 0.12/0.105. Reassembly: 1.1 ml beta-mercaptoethanol was added to the sample, and the following reassembly reactions were set up: 1 ml of AP205 coat protein, no nucleic acids 1 ml of AP205 coat protein, rRNA (approx. 200 OD260 units, 10 nmol) 9 ml of AP205 coat protein, CyCpG (370 ul of 225 pmol/^1 solution, i.e. 83 nmol). These mixtures were dialyzed 1 hour against 30 ml of NET buffer containing 10% beta-mercaptoethanol. The mixture containing no nucleic acids was dialyzed separately. The dialysis was then pursued in a continuous mode, and 1 1 of NET buffer was exchanged over 3 days. The reaction mixtures were subsequently extensively dialyzed against water (5 changes of buffer), and lyophilized. They were resolubilized in water, and analyzed by EM. All mixtures contained capsids, showing that AP205 VLP reassembly is independent of the presence of detectable nucleic acids, as measured by agarose gel electrophoresis using ethidium bromide stmning and evidenced by EM analysis. The EM procedure was as follows: A suspension of the proteins was absorbed on carbon-formvar coated grids and stained with 2% phosphotungstic acid (pH 6,B). The grids were examined with a JEM lOOC (JEOL,Japan) electron microscope at an acceleratmg voUage of 80 kV. Photographic records (negatives) were performed on Kodak electron image film and electron micrographs were obtained by printing of negatives on Kodak Polymax paper.The VLP reassembled in the presence of the CyCpG was purified over a Sepharose 4B column (1 X 50 cm), eluted with NET buffer (1 ml/h). The fractions were analyzed by Ouchterlony assay, and the fractions containing VLP were pooled. This resulted in a sample of 8 ml, which was desalted against water by dialysis, and dried. The yield of capsid was of 10 mg. Analysis of resolubilized material in a 0.6% agarose gel stained with ethidium-bromide showed that the capsids were empty of nucleic acids. Samples of the reassembly reaction containing CyCpG taken after the reassembly step and before extensive dialysis were analysed on a 0.6% agarose gel. A band migrating at the same height than intact AP205 VLP and staining both for ethidium-bromide and Coomassie blue staining could be obtained, showing that AP205 VLP containing oligodeoxynucleotide had been reassembled. The extensive dialysis steps following the reassembly procedure are likely to have led to diffusion of the oligodeoxynucleotide outside of the VLPs. Significantly, the AP205 VLPs could also be reassembled in the absence of detectable oligodeoxynucleotide, as measured by agarose gel electrophoresis using ethidium bromide staining. Oligodeoxynucleotides could thus be successfully bound to AP205 VLP after initial disassembly of the VLP, purification of the disassembled coat protein from nucleic acids and subsequent reassembly of the VLP in the presence of oligodeoxynucleotide. B. Reassembly of AP205 VLP using disassembled material which does not reassemble in the absence of added oligonucleotide Disassembly: 100 mg of purified and dried recombinant AP205 VLP were used for disassembly as described above. All steps were performed essentially as described under disassembly in part A, but for the use of 8 M urea to solublize the pellets of the ammonium sulphate precipitation steps and the omission of the gel filtration step using a CL-4B column prior to reassembly . The pooled fractions of the Sephadex G-75 colunm contained 21 mg of protein as determined by spectroscopy using the formula described in part A. The ratio of absorbance at 280 nm to the absorbance at 260 nm of the sample was of 0.16 to 0.125. The sample was diluted 50 times for the measurement. Reassembly: The protein preparation resulthig from the Sephadex G-75 gel filtration purification step was precipitated with ammonium sulphate at 60% saturation, and the resulting pellet solubilized in 2 ml 7 M urea, 10 mM DTT. The sample was diluted with 8 ml of 10% 2-mercaptoethanol in NET buffer, and dialyzed for 1 hour against 40 ml of 10% 2-mercaptoethanol in NET buffer. Reassembly was initiated by adding 0.4 ml of a CyCpG solution (109 nmol/ml) to the protein sample in the dialysis bag. Dialysis in contmous mode was set up, and NET buffer used as eluting buffer. Dialysis was pursued for two days and a sample was taken for EM analysis after completion of this dialysis step (Figure 44 B). The dialyzed reassembly solution was subsequently dialyzed against 50% v/v Glycerol in NET buffer, to achieve concentration. One change of buffer was effected after one day of dialysis. The dialysis was pursued over a total of three days. The dialyzed and concentrated reassembly solution was purified by gel filtration over a Sepharose 4-B column (1X60 cm) at a flow rate of 1 ml/hour, in NET buffer. Fractions were tested in an Ouchterlony assay, and fractions containing capsids were dried, resuspended in water, and rechromatographed on the 4-B column equilibrated in 20 mM Hepes pH 7.6. Using each of the following three formula: 1. (183 * 0D2^''""-75.8 * OD^^^"-")* volume (ml)-2. ((0D^^""'-0D2^°""')/2.51) X volume - 3. ((OD^^^"^""" - OD^'^'^ "■") * 0.37) x volume protein amounts of 6 ~ 26 mg of reassembled VLP were determined. The reassembled AP205 VLPs were analyzed by EM as described above, agarose gel electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE under non-reducmg conditions. Tlie EM analysis of disassembled material shows that the treatment of AP205 VLP with guanidinium-chloride essentially disrupts the capsid assembly of the VLP. Reassembly of this disassembled material with an oligonucleotide yielded capsids (Figure 15B), which were purified and further enriched by gel filtration (Figure 15 C). Two sizes of particles were obtained; particles of about 25 nm diameter and smaller particles are visible in the electron micrograph of Figure 44C. No reassembly was obtained in the absence of oligonucleotides. Loading of the reassembled particles on agarose electrophoresis showed that the reassembled particles contained nucleic acids. Extraction of the nucleic acid content by phenol extraction and subsequent loading on an agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide revealed that the particles contained the oligonucleotide used for reassembly (Figure 45A). Identity of the packaged oligonucleotide was controlled by loading a sample of this oligonucleotide side to side to the nucleic acid material extracted from the particles. The agarose gel where the reassembled AP205 VLP had been loaded and previously stained with ethidiimi bromide was subsequently stained with Coomassie blue, revealing comigration of the oligonucleotide content with the protein content of the particles (Figure 16B), showmg that the oligonucleotide had been packaged in the particles. Loading of the reassembled AP205 VLP on an SDS-PAGE gel, run in the absence of reducing agent demonstrated that the reassembled particles have formed disulfide bridges, as is the case for the untreated AP205 VLP. Moreover, the disulfide bridge pattern is identical to the untreated particles. Depicted on Figure 15 A is an electron micrograph of the disassembled AP205 VLP protein, while Figure 15 B shows the reassembled particles before purification. Figure 15C shows an electron micrograph of the purified reassembled AP205 VLPs. The magnification of Figure 15A-C is 200 000 X. Figure 16 A and B show the reassembled AP205 VLPs analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The samples loaded on the gel from both figures were, from left to right: untreated AP205 VLP, 3 samples with differing amount of AP205 VLP reassembled with CyCpG and purified, and untreated QP VLP. The gel on Figure 16A was stained with ethidium bromide, while the same gel was stained with Coomassie blue in Figure 16 B. EXAMPLE 21 Immunostimulatory nucleic acids can be packaged into Qp VLPs. Coupling of p3 3 peptides to Qp VLPs: Recombinantly produced virus-like particles of the RNA-bacteriophage Qb (Qp VLPs) were used untreated or after coupling to p33 peptides containing an N-terminal CGG or and C-terminal GGC extension (CGG-KAVYNFATM (SEQ ID NO: 115) and KAVYNFATM-GGC (SEQ ID NO: 131)). Recombinantly produced Qp VLPs were derivatized with a 10 molar excess of SMPH (Pierce) for 0,5 h at 25°C, followed by dialysis against 20 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.2 at 4°C to remove unreacted SMPH. Peptides were added in a 5 fold molar excess and allowed to react for 2 h in a thermomixer at 25°C in the. presence of 30% acetonitrile. Figure 17 shows the SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrating multiple coupling bands consisting of one, two or three peptides coupled to the Qp monomer (Arrows, Figure 17). For the sake of simplicity the couplmg product of the peptide p33 and Qp VLPs was termed, in particular, throughout the example section Qbx33. It should be noted that the VLPs containing peptide p33 were used only for reasons of convenience, and that wild-type VLPs can likewise be used in the present invention. QP VLPs, when produced in E. coli by expressing the bacteriophage Qp capsid protem, contain RKA which can be digested and so eluninated by incubating the VLPswithRNaseA. Low ionic strength and low QP concentration allow RNA hydrolysis ofQfi VLPs by RNAse A: QP VLPs at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml in 20mM Hepes/150mM NaCl buffer (HBS) pH 7.4 were either digested directly by addition of RNase A (300 ng/ml, Qiagen AG, Switzerland) or were diluted with 4 volumes H2O to a final 0.2 x HBS concentration and then incubated with RNase A (60 |ig/ml, Qiagen AG, Switzerland). Incubation was allowed for 3 h at 37°C in a thermomixer at 650 rpm. Agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining demonstrate that in IxHBS only a very weak reduction of RNA content was observed, while in 0.2x HBS most of the RNA was hydrolysed. In agreement, capsid migration was unchanged after addition of RNAse A in Ix HBS, while migration was slower after addition of RNAse in 0.2xHBS. Low ionic strength increases nucleic acid packaging in Qfi VLPs: After RNase A digestion in 0.2 x HBS the Qp VLPs were concentrated to 1 mg/ml using Millipore Microcon or Centriplus concentrators and aliquots were dialysed against Ix HBS or 0.2 x HBS. QP VLPs were supplemented with 130 nmol/ml CpG-oligonucleotide B-CpG and incubated in a thermomixer for 3 h at 37°C. Subsequently QP VLPs were subjected to Benzonase digestion (100 U/ml) for 3 h at 37°C. Samples were analysed on 1% agarose gels after staming with ethidiimi bromide or Coomassie Blue. It was shown that in Ix HBS only a very low amount of oligonucleotides could be packaged, while in 0.2 x HBS a strong ethidium bromide stained band was detectable, which colocalized with the Coomassie blue stain of the capsids. Different immunostimulatory nucleic acids can be packaged in Qp and Qbx33 VLPs: After RNase A digestion in 0.2 x HBS the QP VLPs or Qbx33 VLPs were concentrated to 1 mg/ml using Millipore Microcon or Centriplus concentrators and supplemented with 130 nmol/ml CpG-oligonucleotides B-CpGpt, glOgacga and the 253 mer dsCyCpG-253 (Table 1) and incubated in a thermomixer for 3 h at 37°C. Subsequently Qp VLPs or Qbx33 VLPs were subjected to DNAse I digestion (5 U/ml) or Benzonase digestion (100 U/ml) for 3 h at 37°C. Samples were analysed on 1% agarose gels after staining with ethidium bromide or Coomassie Blue. Figure 18 shows that the different nucleic acids B-CpGpt, glOgacga and the 253mer dsDNA could be packaged into Qbx33. Packaged nucleic acids were resistant to DNAse 1 digestion and remained packaged during dialysis (Figure 18). Packaging of B-CpGpt was confirmed by release of the nucleic acid by proteinase K digestion followed by agarose electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining (Figure 18C). Figure 18 depicts the analysis of B-CpGpt packaging into Qbx33 VLPs on a 1% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide (A) and Coomassie Blue (B). Loaded on the gel are 50 \xg of the following samples: 1. Qbx33 VLP untreated; 2. Qbx33 VLP treated with RNase A; 3. Qbx33 VLP treated with RNase A and packaged with B-CpGpt; 4. Qbx33 VLP treated with RNase A, packaged with B-CpGpt, treated with DNasel and dialysed; 5. 1 kb MBI Fermentas DNA ladder. (C) depicts the analysis of the amount of packaged ohgo extracted from the VLP on a 15% TBE/urea stained with SYBR Gold. Loaded on gel are the following samples: 1. BCpGpt oligo content of 2 |xg Qbx33 VLP after proteinase K digestion and RNase A treatment; 2. 20 pmol B-CpGpt control; 3.10 pmol B-CpGpt control; 4. 5 pmol B-CpGpt control Figure 18 D and E depict the analysis of glOgacga-PO packaging into Qbx33 VLPs on a 1% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide (D) and Coomassie Blue (E). Loaded on the gel are 15 y.g of the following samples; 1. MBI Fermentas 1 kb DNA ladder; 2. Qbx33 VLP untreated; 3. Qbx33 VLP treated with imase A; 4. Qbx33 VLP treated with RNase A and packaged with glOgacga-PO; 5. Qbx33 VLP treated with RNase A, packaged with glOgacga-PO, treated with Benzonase and dialysed. Figure 18 E and F depict the analysis of dsCyCpG-253 packaging into Qbx33 VLPs on a 1% agarose gel stained with ethidixim bromide (E) and Coomassie Blue (F). Loaded on the gel are 15 ^ig of the following samples: 1. MBI Fermentas 1 kb DNA ladder; 2. Qbx33 VLP untreated; 3. Qbx33 VLP treated with RNase A; 4. Qbx33 VLP treated with RNase A, packaged with dsCyCpG-253 and treated with DNasel; 5. Qbx33 VLP treated with RMase A, packaged with dsCyCpG-253, treated with DNasel and dialysed. EXAMPLE 22 Packaging of immunostimulatory nucleic acids into VLPs. RNaseA andZnS04 mediated degradation of the nucleic acid content of a VLP. QP VLPs were treated with RNaseA as described in Example 21 under low ionic strength conditions (20 mM Hepes pH 7.4 or 4 mM Hepes, 30 mM NaCl, pH 7.4). Alternatively, QP VLPs and AP205 VLPs were treated with ZnS04 under low ionic strength conditions (20 mM Hepes pH 7.4 or 4 mM Hepes, 30 mM NaCl pH 7.4) similar as described in Example 11. AP205 VLP (1 mg/ml) in either 20 mM Hepes pH 7.4 or 20 mM Hepes, 1 mM Tris, pH 7.4 was treated for 48 h with 2.5 mM ZnS04 at SO'^C in an Eppendorf Thermomixer comfort at 550 rpm. Qp and AP205 VLP samples were centrifiiged at 14000 rpm and supematants were dialysed in 10.000 MWCO Spectra/Por® dialysis tubing (Spectrum, Cat. nr. 128 118) agamst first 2 120 mM Hepes, pH 7.4 for 2 h at 4°C and, after buffer exchange, overnight. Samples were clarified after dialysis similar as described in Example 11 and protein concentration in the supematants was determined by Bradford analysis. Packaging ofISS into RnaseA and ZnSOd treated VLPs. After RNA hydrolysis and dialysis, Qp and AP205 VLPs (1-1.5 mg/ml) were mixed with 130 \y\ of CpG oligonucleotides (NKCpG- cf Table 1; G3-6, G8-8 - cf. Table 2; 1 mM oligonucleotide stock in 10 mM Tris pH 8) per ml of VLPs. Samples were incubated for 3 h at 37°C in a thermoshaker at 650 rpm. Subsequently, samples were treated with 125 U Benzonase/ml VLPs (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) in the presence of 2 mM MgCh and incubated for 3 h at 37°C before dialysis. Samples were dialysed in 300.000 MWCO Spectra/Por® dialysis tubing (Spectrum, Cat. nr. 131 447) against 20 mM Hepes, pH 7.4 for 2 h at 4°C, and after buffer exchange overnight against the same buffer. After dialysis samples were centrifiiged at 14000 rpm and protein concentration in the supematants were determined by Bradford analysis. Agarose gel electrophoresis and subsequent staining with ethidium bromide and Coomassie Blue showed that oligonucleotides were packaged in the VLPs. EXAMPLE 23 Packaging of immunostimulatory guanosine flanked oligonucleotides into VLPs. Qbx33 VLPs (QP VLPs coupled to peptide p33, see Example 21) were treated with RNaseA under low ionic conditions (20 mM Hepes pH 7.4) as described in Example 21 to hydroiyse RNA content of the Qbx33 VLP. After dialysis against 20 mM Hepes pH 7.4, Qbx33 VLPs were mixed with guanosine flanked oligonucleotides (Table 2: G3-6, G7-7, G8-8, G9-9 or G6, &om a 1 mM oligonucleotide stock in 10 mM Tris pH 8) and incubated as described in Example 22. Subsequently, Qbx33 VLPs were treated with Benzonase and dialysed in 300.000 MWCO tubing. Samples with oligos G7-7, GB-8 and G9-9 were extensively dialysed over 3 days with 4 buffer exchanges to remove jfree oligo. Packaging was confirmed on 1% agarose gels and, after proteinase K digestion, on TBE/urea gels. Table 2. Sequences of immunostimulatory nucleic acids used in the Examples. Small letters indicate deoxynucleotides connected via phosphorothioate bonds while larger letters indicate deoxynucleotides connected via phosphodiester bonds IBS name 5'-3' sequence SEQEDNO GACGATCGTC 105 G3-6 GGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGG 106 G4-6 GGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGG 107 G5-6 GGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGG 108 G6-6 GGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGG 109 G7-7 GGGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGGG 110 G8-8 GGGGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGGGG 111 G9-9 GGGGGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGGGGG 112 G6 GGGGGGCGACGACGATCGTCGTCGGGGGGG 113 EXAMPLE 24 Packaging ribonucleic acid into VLPs. ZnS04 dependent degradation of the nucleic acid content of a VLP. Qp VLPs were treated with ZnS04 under low ionic strength conditions (20 mM Hepes pH 7.4 or 4 mM Hepes, 30 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) similar as described in Example U. AP205 VLPs (I mg/ml) in either 20 mM Hepes pH 7.4 or 20 mM Hepes, I mM Tris, pH 7.4 were treated for 48 h with 2.5 mM ZnS04 at 50°C in an Eppendorf Thermomixer comfort at 550 rpm. QP and AP205 VLP samples were centrifuged at 14000 rpm and dialysed against 20 mM Hepes, pH 7.4 as in Example 22. Packaging of poly (I:C) into ZnS04~treated VLPs: The immunostimulatory ribonucleic acid poly (I:C), (Cat. nr. 27-4732-01, poly(I)poly(C), Pharmacia Biotech) was dissolved in PBS (Invitrogen cat. nr. 14040) or water to a concentration of 4 mg/ml (9jLiM). Poly (I:C) was incubated for 10 minutes at 60°C and then cooled to 37°C. hicubated poly (I:C) was added in a 10-fold molar excess to either ZnSO^treated QP or AP205 VLPs (1-1.5 mg/ml) and the mixtures were incubated for 3 h at 37°C in a thermomixer at 650 rpm. Subsequently, excess of free poly (I:C) was enzymatically hydrolysed by incubation with 125 U Benzonase per ml VLP mixture in the presence of 2 mM MgCla for 3 h at 37°C in a thermomixer at 300 rpm. Upon Benzonase hydrolysis samples were centrifuged at 14000 rpm and supematants were dialysed in 300.000 MWCO Spectra/Por® dialysis tubing (Spectrum, Cat. nr. 131 447) agamst 2 1 20 niM Hepes, pH 7.4 for 2 h at 4°C, and after buffer exchange overnight against the same buffer.. After dialysis, samples were centrifiiged at 14000 rpm and protein concentration in the supematants were determined by Bradford analysis. Packaging is confirmed on 1% agarose gels and, after proteinase K digestion, on TBE/urea gels. EXAMPLE 25 Packaging of immunostimulatory guanosine flanked oligonucleotides into HBcAg VLPs. HBcAg VLPs are treated with RNaseA under low ionic strength conditions (20 mM Hepes pH 7.4) as described in Example 21 to hydrolyse RNA content of the VLP. After dialysis against 20 mM Hepes, pH 7.4, VLPs are mixed with guanosine flanJced oligonucleotides (Table 2; G3-6, G7-7, G8-8, G9-9, GIO-PO or G6,1 mM stock m 10 mM Tris pH 8) and incubated as described in Example 22. Subsequently, VLPs are treated with Benzonase and dialysed in 300.000 MWCO tubing. Packaging is analysed on 1% agarose gels and on TBE/urea gels after proteinase K digestion. EXAMPLE 26 Packaging ribonucleic acid into HBcAg VLPs. HBcAg VLPs are treated with ZnS04 under low ionic strength conditions (20 mM Hepes pH 7.4 or 4 mM Hepes, 30 mM NaCl, pH 7.4 ) similar as described in Example 11 and are dialysed against 20 mM Hepes pH 7.4 as m Example 22. Poly (I:C) is added in a 10-fold molar excess to HBcAg VLPs (1-1.5 mg/ml) and incubated for 3 h at 37°C in a thermomixer at 650 rpm as described in Example 24. Subsequently, excess of free poly (I:C) is enzymatically hydrolysed by incubation with 125 U Benzonase per ml VLP mixture in the presence of 2 mM MgCl2 for 3 h at 37°C in a thermomixer at 300 rpm. Samples are clarified after Benzonase hydrolysis similar as described in Example 11 and dialysed as in Example 24. After dialysis. samples are centrifuged at 14000 rpm and protein concentration in the supematants are determined by Bradford analysis. EXAMPLE 27 Qp Disassembly Reassembly and Packaging. Disassembly and Reassembly ofQp VLP Disassembly: 45 mg QP VLP (as determined by Bradford analysis) in PBS (20 mM Phosphate, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.5), was reduced with 10 mM DTT for 15 min at RT imder stirring conditions. A second incubation of 15 min at RT under stirring conditions followed after addition of magnesium chloride to a final concentration of 700 mM, leading to precipitation of the RNA. The solution was centrifuged 10 min at 4000 rpm at 4°C (Eppendorf 5810 R, in fixed angle rotor A-4-62 used in all following steps) in order to isolate the precipitated RNA in the pellet. The disassembled Qp coat protein dimer, in the supernatant, was used directly for the chromatography purification steps. Two-step purification method of disassembled Qp coat protein by cation ion exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography: The supernatant of the disassembly reaction, containing disassembled coat protein and remaining RNA, was applied onto a SP-Sepharose FF (16/20; 6nil; Amersham pharmacia biotech). During the run, which was carried out at RT with a flow rate of Sml/min, the absorbance at 260nm and 280nm was monitored. The column was equilibrated with 20niM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7; the sample was diluted 1:10 to reach a conductivity below 9mS/cm (dilution to this conductivity was necessary, and was done using Q.5x equilibration buffer). The elution stQp (in 5ml firactions) followed with a gradient to 20mM sodium phosphate and 500mM sodium chloride in order to isolate pure Qp coat protein dimer from contaminants. The column was regenerated with0.5MNaOH. In the second step, the isolated Qp coat protein dmier (the eluted fraction from the cation exchange column) was applied (in two runs) onto a Sephacryl S-100 HR column (26/60; 320ml; Amersham pharmacia biotech) equilibrated with buffer (20niM sodium phosphate, 150mM sodium chloride; pH 6.5). Chromatography was performed at RT with a flow rate of 2.5ml/min. Absorbance was monitored at 260nm and 280mn. Fractions of 5 ml were collected. The colunrn was regenerated with 0.5 MNaOH. Reassembly: Purified QP coat protein dimer at a concentration of 2 mg/ml was used for the reassembly of Qp VLP in the presence of the oligodeoxynucleotide G8-8. The oligodeoxynucleotide concentration in the reassembly reaction was of 10|LIM. The concentration of coat protein dimer in the reassembly solution was 40^M. Urea and DTT were added to the solution to give final concentrations of IM urea and 5mM DTT respectively. The oligodeoxynucleotide to be packaged during the reassembly reaction was added last, together with H2O, giving a final volume of the reassembly reaction of 3ml. This solution was first dialysed for 72 h against 1500 ml buffer containing 20 wM TrisHCl, 150 mM NaCI, pH 8.0 at 4°C. The dialysed reassembly mixture was centrifuged at 14 000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4°C. A negligible sediment was discarded while the supernatant contained the reassembled and packaged VLPs. Protein concentration was determined by Bradford analysis. Reassembled and packaged VLPs were concentrated with centrifugal filter devices (Millipore, UFV4BCC25, 5KNMWL) to a final protein concentration of 3 mg/ml. Purification of reassembled and packaged VLPs: Up to 10 mg total protein was loaded onto a Sepharose'^'^ CL-4B column (16/70, Amersham Biosciences) equilibrated with 20 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCI, pH 7.4. Size exclusion chromatography was performed with the equilibration buffer (20 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCI, pH 7.4) at room temperature at a flow-rate of 0.4 ml/min. Absorbance was monitored at 254 nm and 280 nm. Two peaks were isolated. A high molecular weight peak preceded a peak of lower apparent molecular weight. Fractions of 0.5 ml were collected and Qb VLPs containing fi:actions identified by SDS-PAGE followed by Coomassie blue staining. Calibration of the column with intact and highly purified Qp capsids firom E.coli revealed that the apparent molecular weight of the major first peak was consistent with Qp capsids. Analysis of QP VLPs which had been reassembled in the presence of oligodeoxynucleotides: A) Hydrodynamic size of reassembled capsids: Qp capsids, which had been reassembled in the presence of oligodeoxyucleotide G8-8, were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and compared to intact Qp VLPs, which had been purified from E.coli. Reassembled capsids showed the same hydrodynamic size (which depends both on mass and conformation) as the mtact Qp VLPs. B) Disulflde-hond formation in reassembled capsids: Reassembled Qp VLPs were analyzed by non-reducing SDS-PAGE and compared to intact Qp VLPs, which had been purified from Kcoli. Reassembled capsids displayed the same disulfide-bond pattern, with the presence of pentamers and hexamers, as the intact Qp VLPs. C) Analysis of nucleic acid content of the Qp VLPs which had been reassembled in the presence of oligodeoxynucleotides by denaturing polyacrylamide TBE-Urea gelelectrophoresis: Reassembled Qp VLPs (0.4 mg/ml) containing G8-8 oligonucleotides were incubated for 2 h at 37 with 125 U benzonase per ml Qp VLPs in the presence of 2 mM MgCh. Subsequently the benzonase treated Qp VLPs were treated with proteinase K (PCR-grade, Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Cat. No. 1964364) as described in Example 11. The reactions were then mixed with a TBE-Urea sample buffer and loaded on a 15% polyacrylamide TBE-Urea gel (Novex®, Invitrogen Cat. No. EC6885). As a qualitative as well as quantitative standard, 1 pmol, 5 pmol and 10 pmol of the oligodeoxynucleotide which was used for the reassembling reaction, was loaded on the same gel. This gel was stained with SYBR®-Gold (Molecular Probes Cat. No. S-11494). The SYBR®-Gold stain showed that the reassembled Qp capsids contained nucleic acid comigrating with the oligodeoxynucleotides which were used in the reassembly reaction. Taken together, resistance to benzonase digestion of the nucleic acid content of the Qp VLPs which had been reassembled in the presence of oligodeoxynucleotides and isolation of the oligodeoxynucleotide from purified particles by proteinase K digestion, demonstrate packaging of the oligodeoxynucleotide. VLPs containing GIO-PO induce Thl type responses against co-administered grass pollen extract in the presence of Alum. VLPs formed by the coat protein of the RNA bacteriophage Qb was used for this experiment. They were used either untreated or after packaging with GIO-PO (SEQ-ID: 122 ) as described in Example 15. Female Balb/c mice were subcutaneously immunized with 1.9 B.U. of the grass pollen extract (5-gra5-mix Pangramin, Abello, prepared from perennial rye, orchard, timothy, keiitucky bluegrass and meadow fescue pollen) mixed with Alum (Imject, Pierce) in the presence of 50 g Qb VLP alone or 50 p-g Qb VLP loaded and packaged, respectively with GIO-PO. A control group of mice received pollen extract mixed with Alum only. 50 days later, mice were boosted with the same vaccine preparations and bled oh day 57. IgG responses in sera from day 57 were assessed by ELISA. The control group showed anti-pollen antibodies of the IgGl isotype, but none of the IgG2a isotype. The presence of VLPs loaded with GIO-PO induced a IgG2a response against the pollen extract. No IgE against pollen extract was induced in the presence of Qb VLPs loaded, and packaged, respectively, with GIO-PO while in the presence of Alum only an IgE response was observed. This indicates that GIO-PO loaded into VLPs is able to induce a Thl response and suppress the Alum induced IgE production. WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A composition for enhancing an immune response in an animal comprising: (a) a virus-like particle; (b) an immunostimulatory substance; wherein said immunostimulatory substance (b) is bound to said virus-like particle (a); and (c) an antigen, wherein said antigen is mixed with said virus-like particle (a). 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein said immunostimulatory substance is a toll-like receptor activating substance or a cytokine secretion inducing substance, and wherein preferably said toll-like receptor activating substance is selected from the group consisting of: (a) immunostimulatory nucleic acids; (b) peptidoglycans; (c) lipopolysaccharides; (d) lipoteichonic acids; (e) imidazoquinoline compounds; (f) flagellines; (g) lipoproteins; (h) immunostimulatory organic molecules; (i) unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotides; (i) any mixtures of at least one substance of (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h) and/or (i). 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein said immunostimulatory nucleic acid is selected from the group consisting of (a) ribonucleic acids; and (b) deoxyribonucleic acids, and (c) chimeric nucleic acids; and . (d) any mixtures of at least one nucleic acid of (a), (b) and/or (c); and wherein preferably said ribonucleic acid is poly-(I-.C) or a derivative thereof, and wherein preferably said deoxyribonucleic acid is selected from the group consisting of unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotides and oligonucleotides free of unmethylated CpG motifs. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein said immunostimulatory substance is an unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide. 5. The composition of claim 4, wherein said unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide comprises the sequence: 5'X1X2CGX3X4 3' wherein X|, X2, X3, and X4 are any nucleotide, and wherein preferably at least one of said nucleotide Xj, X2, X3, and X4 has a phosphate backbone modification. 6. The composition of claim 4, wherein said unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide comprises, or alternatively consists essentially of, or alternatively consists of the sequence selected from the group consisting of: (a) TCCATGACGTTCCTGAATAAT (SEQ ID NO: 116); (b)' TCCATGACGTTCCTGACGTT(SEQ ID NO: 118); (c) GGGGTCAACGTTGAGGGGG (SEQ ID NO: 120); (d) GGGGGGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGGGGGG (SEQ ID NO: 122); and (e) "dsCyCpG-253" (SEQ ID NO; 130); and wherein preferably said unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide comprises, or alternatively consists essentially of, or alternatively consists of the sequence GGGGGGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGGGGGG (SEQ ID NO: 122). 7. The composition of claim 4, wherein the CpG motif of said unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide is part of a palindromic sequence, and wherein preferably said palindromic sequence is GACGATCGTC (SEQ ID NO: 105). 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein said immunostimulatory substance, and preferably said immunostimulatory nucleic acid, and further preferably said unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide, is packaged within said virus-like particle. 9. The composition of claim K wherein said immunostimulatory substance is a immunostimulatory nucleic acid, and wherein said immunostimulatory nucleic acid, and preferably said unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide, comprises about 6 to about 300 nucleotides, preferably about 6 to about 100 nucleotides, and even more preferably about 6 to about 40 nucleotides., and again even more preferably said unmethylated CpG- containing oligonucleotide, comprises about 10 to about 30 nucleotides. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein said immunostimulatory substance is a immunostimulatory nucleic acid, and wherein said immunostimulatory nucleic acid, and preferably said unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide (b), contains one or more phosphorothioate modifications of the phosphate backbone or wherein each phosphate moiety of said phosphate backbone of said oligonucleotide (b) is a phosphorothioate modification. 11. The composition of claim 1, wherein said virus-like particle (a) is a recombinant virus-like particle, and wherein preferably said virus-like particle (a) is selected from the group consisting of: (a) recombinant proteins of Hepatitis B virus; (b) recombinant proteins of measles virus; (c) recombinant proteins of Sindbis virus; (d) recombinant proteins of Rotavirus; (e) recombinant proteins of Foot-and-Mouth-Disease virus; (f) recombinant proteins of Retrovirus; (g) recombinant proteins of Norwalk virus; (h) recombinant proteins of Alphavirus; (i) recombinant proteins of human Papilloma virus; G) recombinant proteins of Polyoma virus; (k) recombinant proteins of bacteriophages; (1) recombinant proteins of RNA-phages; (m)recombinant proteins of QP-phage; (n) recombinant proteins of GA-phage (o) recombinant proteins of fr-phage; (p) recombinant proteins of AP 205-phage; (q) recombinant proteins of Ty; and (r) fragments of any of the recombinant proteins from (a) to (q); and wherein further preferably said virus-like particle is the Hepatitis B virus core protein or the BK virus VPl protein. 12. The composition of claim 1, wherein said virus-like particle comprises recombinant proteins, or fragments thereof, of a RNA-phage, wherein said RNA-phage is selected from the group consisting of: a) bacteriophage QP; b) bacteriophage R17; c) bacteriophage fr; d) bacteriophage GA; e) bacteriophage SP; f) bacteriophage MS2; g) bacteriophage M1l; h) bacteriophage MXl; i) bacteriophage NL95; k) bacteriophage f2; 1) bacteriophage PP7; and m) bacteriophage AP205; and wherein preferably said virus-like particle comprises recombinant proteins, or fragments thereof, of a RNA-phage, wherein said RNA-phage is QP,frorAP205. 13. The composition of claim 1, wherein said antigen (c) is isolated from a natural source, and wherein preferably said natural source is selected from the group consisting of: (a) pollen extract; (b) dust extract; (c) dust mite extract; (d) fungal extract; (e) mammalian epidermal extract; (f) feather extract; (g) insect extract; (h) food extract, (i) hair extract; (j) saliva extract, and (k) serum extract. 14. The composition of claim 1, wherein said antigen (c) is derived from the group consisting of: 15. The composition of claim 1, wherein said antigen is a tumor antigen, and wherein preferably said tumor antigen is selected from the group consisting of: (a) Her2; (b) GD2; (c) EGF-R; (d) CEA; (e) CD52; (f) human melanoma protein gplOO; (g) human melanoma protein melan-A/MART-1; (h) tyrosinase; (i) NA17-Ant protein; G) MAGE-3 protein; (k) p53 protein; (1) HPV16E7 protein; (m) an analogue of any of the antigens from (a) to (l).and (n) antigenic fragments of any of the tumor antigens from (a) to (m). 16. The composition of claim 1, wherein said antigen is an allergen, and wherein preferably said allergen is derived from the group consisting of: (a) pollen extract; (b) dust extract; (c) dust mite extract; (d) fungal extract; (e) mammalian epidermal extract; (f) feather extract; (g) insect extract; and (h) food extract; (i) hair extract; (i) saliva extract, and (k) serum extract. 17'. The composition of claim 16, wherein said allergen is selected from the group consisting of: (a) trees; (b) grasses; (c) house dust; (d) house dust mite; (e) aspergillus; (f) animal hair; (g) animal feather (h) bee venom; (i) animal products; and (J) plant products. 18. The composition of claim 1, wherein said antigen is selected from the group consisting of: (a) bee venom phospholipase A2; (b) ragweed pollen Amb a 1; (c) birch pollen Bet v I; (d) white faced hornet venom 5 Dol m V; (e) house dust mite Der p 1; (f) house dust mite Der f 2; (g) house dust mite Der 2; (h) dust mite Lep d; (i) fungus allergen Alt a 1; (j) fiingus allergen Asp f 1; (k) fungus allergen Asp f 16; and (1) peanut allergens. 19. A method for enhancing an immune response in an animal comprising introducing into said animal a composition comprising: (a) a virus-like particle; and (b) an inimunostimulatory substance; wherein said immunostimulatory substance (b) is bound to said virus-like particle (a). (c) an antigen, wherein said antigen is mixed with said virus-like particle (a). 20. The method of claim 19 as further defined as in any of claims 2-18. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein said immune response is an enhanced B cell response, an enhanced T cell response or a CTL response, and wherein preferably said T cell response is a Th cell response, and wherein further preferably said Th cell response is a Thl cell response. 22. The method of claim 19, wherein said animal is a mammal, preferably a human, and wherein preferably said composition is introduced into said animal subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, intranasaily or directly into the lymph node. 23. A vaccine comprising an immunologically effective amount of the composition of claim 1 together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, carrier or excipient, and wherein preferably.said vaccine fiirther comprises an adjuvant. 24. A method of immunizing or treating an animal comprising administering to said animal an immunologically effective amount of the vaccine of claim 23, and wherein preferably said animal is a mammal, and further preferably a human. 25. Use of a composition according to claim 1 or use of a vaccine according to claim 23 in the manufacture of a pharmaceutical for the treatment of a disorder or disease comprising, and preferably selected from the group consisting of, allergies, tumors, chronic diseases and chronic viral diseases. 26. A composition comprising: (a) a virus-like particle; and (b) an immunostimulatory substance; wherein said immunostimulatory substance (b) is bound to said virus-lii^e particle (a); (c) an antigen, wherein said antigen is mixed with said virus-like particle (a); for use in a method for enhancing an immune response in an animal comprising introducing said composition into said animal; and wherein preferably said method is defined as in any of claims 20-22. 27. Use of a composition comprising: (a) a virus-like particle; and (b) an immunostimulatory substance; wherein said immunostimulatory substance (b) is bound to said virus-like particle (a); (c) an antigen, wherein said antigen is mixed with said virus- like particle (a); for the manufacture of a composition for enhancing an immune response in an animal, wherein said composition is to be introduced to said animal. . 28. The use of claim 29 as further defined as in any of claims 20-22. 29. An immunologically effective amount of the vaccine according to claim 23 for use in a method of immunising or treating an animal comprising administering said amount and to said animal, and wherein preferably said animal is a mammal, and further preferably a human. 30. A composition for enhancing an immune response in an animal substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 31. A method for enhancing an immune response in an animal substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

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2868-chenp-2004 form-13.pdf

2868-chenp-2004 form-18.pdf

2868-chenp-2004 form-26.pdf

2868-chenp-2004 form-3.pdf

2868-chenp-2004 form-5.pdf

2868-chenp-2004 pct.pdf

2868-chenp-2004 petition.pdf