Title of Invention

A RECOMBINANT ANTI-HFASL ANTIBODY

Abstract Human antibodies, preferably recombinant human antibodies that specifically bind to human Fas Ligand (hFasL) are disclosed. These antibodies have high affinity for hFasL, a slow off rate for hFasL dissociation and neutralize a Fas Ligand activity in vitro and in vivo. An antibody of the invention can be a full-length antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof. The antibodies, or antigen-binding portions, of the invention are useful for neutralizing Fas Ligand activity, e.g., in a human subject suffering from a disorder in which hFas Ligand activity is detrimental. Nucleic acids, vectors and host cells for expressing the recombinant anti-hFasL human antibodies, and the methods for synthesizing the recombinant human antibodies are also encompassed by the invention.
Full Text FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to a recombinant anti-hFasL antibody or antigen-
binding portion thereof. The invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising the antibody and/or antigen-binding portion. The invention also provides a
method of inhibiting hFasL activity using said antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof.
STATEMENT OF INVENTION
The present invention provides a recombinant anti-hFasL antibody or antigen-
binding portion thereof, comprising minimum of one polypeptide represented by SEQ ID
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22
and 24.
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to recombinant anti-hFasL antibody or antigen-
binding portion thereof. The invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition
comprising the antibody and/or antigen-binding portion. The invention also provides a
method of inhibiting hFasL activity using said antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
Fas ligand ("FasL") is a protein with an activity to induce apoptosis of a Fas
antigen ("Fas")-expressing cell. Apoptosis of the Fas antigen-expressing cells is believed
to be induced by binding of FasL with Fas on the cell surface, which results in the transfer
of an apoptosis signal to the cell via the Fas antigen. The nucleic acid and protein
sequences of FasL of human, mouse and rat origin are disclosed in U.S. Patent 6,348,334
(incorporated herein by reference).
Human Fas Ligand ("hFasL") is a 40-kDa amino acid, type II membrane-bound
protein that is a member of the TNF family. Membrane-bound FasL can be cleaved by
metalloproteinases to generate soluble FasL, which is primarily a non-covalently linked
homotrimer (Mariani, et ah, Eur. J. Immunol. 25:2303-7 (1995); Kayagaki, et ah, J. Exp.
Med. 182:1777-83 (1995); Tanaka, etah, EMBO 14(6): 1129-35 (1995)). Soluble FasL
appears to be less cytotoxic than membrane-associated FasL (Nagata, Annu. Rev. Genet.
33:29-55 (1999)).
FasL is predominantly expressed on activated T cells and natural killer (NK) cells,
while Fas is expressed on various types of cells (Hanabuchi, et ah, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA 91:4930-4 (1994); Suda, et. ah, J. Immunol. 154:3806-13 (1995); Arase, et. ah, J.
Exp. Med. 181:1235-8 (1995)). The Fas-FasL signaling pathway is important in
modulating immune responses by inducing cellular apoptosis. Recently, FasL was
reported to be a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils, suggesting a pro-inflammatory
function of this molecule. The Fas-FasL signaling pathway has also been implicated in
the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including autoimmune diseases, renal disorders,
sepsis, viral hepatitis, HIV, influenza and graft-versus-host disease (see, e.g., Krammer, et
ah, Immunol. Rev. 142:175-91 (1994); Nagata and Golstein, Science 267:1449-56
(1995);Yagita, et ah, Immunol. Rev. 146:223-39 (1995); Elovaara, et ah, Acta
Neuropathologica, 98(4):355-62 (199P); Leroy,X. et aL., APMIS, 109(6):469-73,2001).
Antibodies to hFasL comprising mouse antibody sequences, as well as chimeric
antibody species having a fraction of a human antibody sequence, have been described
(see, e.g., International Patent Publication No. WO 95/18819 and U.S. Patents 6,114,507

and 6,348,334 and 6,096,312, incorporated herein by reference). However,
immunogenicity problems remain with the use of chimeric antibodies. Producing
humanized antibodies (i.e., chimeric) through recombinant DNA technology provides
uncertain results, including antibodies with unpredictable binding affinities. U.S. Patent
6,348,334 non-descriptively discloses antibodies directed at FasL, however, it does not
specifically describe structural characteristics of such antibodies.
Human antibodies, as defined herein, are advantageous over non-human
antibodies and humanized, chimeric antibodies for use in human therapy for several
reasons. A human monoclonal antibody, i.e., an antibody that is fully human, is less
likely to induce an immunological response in humans than antibodies that contain non-
human portions. Furthermore, a human antibody is less likely to be recognized as a
"foreign" antibody in humans. This will result in slower elimination of the human
antibody from the body than a non-human or partially human antibody. Accordingly, a
human antibody can be administered at lower doses or less often than non-human or
partially human antibodies.
To minimize the potential for cross-species reactivity, the need exists for human
antibodies against FasL, particularly human FasL, with high affinity binding to FasL and
the capacity to disrupt or antagonize the activity of the Fas-FasL signaling pathway in
vitro and in vivo. The present application discloses therapeutically useful human
antibodies, and antigen-binding portions thereof, directed against hFasL and characterized
by high affinity binding to hFasL polypeptides, slow dissociation kinetics, and the
capacity to disrupt or antagonize at least one in vitro and/or in vivo activity associated
with hFasL polypeptides.
STATEMENT OF INVENTION
The present invention provides an recombinant anti-hFasL antibody or antigen-
binding portion thereof, comprising minimum of one polypeptide represented by SEQ ID
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22
and 24.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVETION
The present invention provides isolated anti-hFasL human antibodies and antigen-
binding portions thereof. The antibodies of the invention are characterized by high
affinity binding to a hFasL polypeptide, slow dissociation kinetics, and the capacity to
antagonize at least one in vitro and/or in vivo and/or in situ activity associated with a
hFasL polypeptide.
The invention provides an isolated anti-hFasL human antibody, or antigen-binding
portion thereof, comprising at least one polypeptide, preferably at least two polypeptides,
with a sequence selected from the group consisting of the sequences shown in SEQ ID
NO: 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22, and 24. In a preferred embodiment, the
invention provides an isolated anti-FasL human antibody, or antigen-binding portion
thereof, comprising a light chain variable region (LCVR) comprising a polypeptide with
the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2. In a more preferred embodiment, the invention
provides an isolated anti-hFasL human antibody, or antigen-binding portion thereof,
comprising a LCVR comprising a polypeptide with the sequence shown in SEQ ED NO: 2
and further comprising a heavy chain variable region (HCVR) comprising a polypeptide
with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10. In another preferred embodiment, the
invention provides an isolated anti-hFasL human antibody, or antigen-binding portion
thereof, having a LCVR comprising a polypeptide with the sequence shown in SEQ ID
NO: 2 and further comprising a heavy chain variable region (HCVR) comprising a
polypeptide with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 18. In another preferred
embodiment, the invention provides an isolated anti-hFasL human antibody, or antigen-
binding portion thereof, comprising at least one polypeptide, preferably at least 2, 3, 4, 5
or 6 polypeptides, with a sequence selected from the group consisting of the sequences
shown in SEQ ID NOs: 4,6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 20, 22, and 24, wherein said polypeptide
preferably exists in said antibody at the same CDR position as shown in Tables 1,2 or 3
herein.
In another embodiment, the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule
comprising a polynucleotide encoding an anti-hFasL human antibody, or antigen-binding
portion thereof, comprising at least one polypeptide, preferably at least two polypeptides,
with a sequence selected from the group consisting of the sequences shown in SEQ ID
NOs: 2,4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14,16, 18, 20,22, and 24. In a preferred embodiment, the
invention provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide
encoding an anti-hFasL human antibody, or antigen-binding portion thereof, comprising
SEQ ID NO: 2. hi a more preferred embodiment, the invention provides an isolated
nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide encoding an anti-hFasL human
antibody, or antigen-binding portion thereof, comprising the sequences shown in SEQ ID
NOs: 2 and 10 or SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 18. In another preferred embodiment, the invention
provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide encoding an anti-
hFasL human antibody, or antigen-binding portion thereof, comprising at least one
polypeptide, preferably at least 2, 3,4, 5 or 6 polypeptides, with a sequence selected from
the group consisting of the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 4, 6, 8, 12, 14,16, 20, 22,
and 24, wherein said polypeptide preferably exists in said antibody at the same CDR
position as shown in Tables 1,2 or 3 herein.
In another embodiment, the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule
comprising a polynucleotide encoding an anti-hFasL human antibody, or antigen-binding
portion thereof, comprising at least one polynucleotide, preferably at least two
polynucleotides, with a sequence selected from the group consisting of the sequences
shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9,11,13, 15, 17, 19, 21, and 23. In a preferred,
embodiment, the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a
polynucleotide encoding an anti-hFasL human antibody, or antigen-binding portion
thereof, comprising a polynucleotide with a sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. In a
more preferred embodiment, the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule
comprising a polynucleotide encoding an anti-hFasL human antibody, or antigen-binding
portion thereof, comprising polynucleotides with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 2
and 10 or SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 18. In another preferred embodiment, the invention
provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide encoding an anti-
hFasL human antibody, or antigen-binding portion thereof, comprising at least one
polynucleotide, preferably at least 2,3,4, 5 or 5 polynucleotides, with a sequence selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15, 19, 21, and 23, wherein said
polynucleotide encodes a polypeptide that preferably exists in said antibody at the same
CDR position as shown in Tables 1,2 or 3 herein.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a vector, preferably a recombinant
expression vector, comprising a polynucleotide of the invention.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a host cell into which a
vector, preferably a recombinant expression vector, of the invention has been introduced.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides host cell into which a
vector, preferably a recombinant expression vector, of the invention has been incorporated
in whole or in part into the host cell chromosome.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of synthesizing
an anti-hFasL human antibody, or antigen-binding portion thereof, comprising culturing a
host cell of the invention in culture media such that an anti-hFasL human antibody, or
antigen-binding portion thereof, of the present invention is expressed in the cell.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a process for preparing a
polypeptide of the invention, i.e., an anti-hFasL human antibody, or antigen-binding
portion thereof, comprising culturing a suitable host cell of the invention comprising an
expression vector of the invention under conditions promoting expression of the
polypeptide and purifying said polypeptide. It is contemplated that such purification may
be from the host cell, the culture media in which the host cell is grown, or both.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method for inhibiting
hFasL activity comprising contacting hFasL with an anti-hFasL human antibody, (or
antigen-binding portion thereof) of the invention.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
comprising an anti-hFasL human antibody, or antigen-binding portion thereof, of the
invention. It is contemplated that a pharmaceutical composition of the invention may
comprise greater than one anti-hFasL human antibodies of the invention.
A pharmaceutical composition of the invention may further comprise a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
The invention also embodies a method for neutralizing a FasL activity and a
method of treating or preventing a disorder in which a FasL activity is detrimental,
comprising delivering to a subject, in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of a
pharmaceutical composition of the invention. In preferred embodiments, the disorder in
which FasL activity is detrimental is systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis,
multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome, severe sepsis,
trauma, graft-versus-host disease, organ rejection associated with organ transplant,
multiple sclerosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel
disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, acute myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy,
cardiac reperfusion injury, diabetes, cancers (preferably cancer types which express or
overexpress FasL as a mechanism of evading the immune response; contemplated cancer
types include but are not limited to, breast cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, colon
cancer, NSCLC, lymphoma and hepatocellular carcinoma), human immunodeficiency
virus, influenza virus, hepatic disorders including but not limited to, fulminant viral
hepatitis B or C, chronic hepatitis C virus, chronic hepatitis B virus, alcoholic hepatitis,
hepatic cirrhosis, or renal disorders including, but not limited to, chronic renal disease,
acute renal disease and diabetic nephropathy.
In yet another embodiment, the invention provides a human antibody, and
compositions comprising the human antibody, produced by the hybridoma deposited as
ATCC PTA-4017 or the hybridoma deposited as ATCC PTA-4018 with the American
Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Virginia.
The invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described below, as
variations of the particular embodiments may be made and still fall within the scope of the
appended claims. Instead, the scope of the present invention will be established by the
appended claims.
An antibody is an immunoglobulin molecule comprised of four polypeptide
chains, two heavy (H) chains (about 50-70 kDa when full length) and two light (L) chains
(about 25 kDa when full length) inter-connected by disulfide bonds. Light chains are
classified as kappa and lambda. Heavy chains are classified as gamma, mu, alpha, delta,
or epsilon, and define the antibody's isotype as IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE, respectively.
Each heavy chain is comprised of a heavy chain variable region (abbreviated herein as
HCVR) and a heavy chain constant region. The heavy chain constant region is comprised
of three domains (CHI, CH2, and CH3) for IgG, IgD, and IgA; and 4 domains (CHI,
CH2, CH3, and CH4) for IgM and IgE. Each light chain is comprised of a light chain
variable region (abbreviated herein as LCVR) and a light chain constant region. The light
chain constant region is comprised of one domain, CL. The HCVR and LCVR regions
can be further subdivided into regions of hypervariability, termed complementarity
determining regions (CDRs), interspersed with regions that are more conserved, termed
framework regions (FR). Each HCVR and LCVR is composed of three CDRs and four
FRs, arranged from amino-terminus to carboxy-terrmnus in the following order: FR1,
CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, FR4. The assignment of amino acids to each domain is
in accordance with well-known conventions (Kabat, "Sequences of Proteins of
Immunological Interest," National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1987 and 1991);
Chothia, et al.,J. Mol. Biol. 196:901-17 (1987); Chothia, et al., Nature 342:878-83
(1989)). The functional ability of the antibody to bind a particular antigen is largely
determined by the CDRs.
The term "antibody," as used herein, refers to a monoclonal antibody per se. A
monoclonal antibody can be a human antibody, chimeric antibody and/or humanized
antibody. A monoclonal antibody can be a Fab fragment, Fab' fragment or F(ab')2
fragment of a human antibody, chimeric antibody and/or humanized antibody.
Furthermore, a monoclonal antibody can be a single chain FV fragment.
The term "human antibody," as used herein, is (i) an intact antibody, (ii) a
substantially intact antibody, (iii) a portion of an antibody comprising an antigen-binding
site, or (iv) a portion of an antibody comprising a Fab fragment, Fab' fragment or F(ab')2,
having variable and constant regions encoded by nucleic acid sequence information that
occurs in the human germline immunoglobulin region or in recombined and/or mutated
forms thereof whether or not said antibodies are produced in human cells. The term
"human antibody" also includes a human antibody engineered to take the form of a single
chain FV fragment.
Chimeric, humanized, or CDR-grafted antibodies, which contain at least one non-
human Fc, FR, or CDR region, are not human antibodies as referred to herein.
The term "hFasL*' refers to human Fas Ligand, a member of the tumor necrosis
factor family of ligands described in Suda, et al., Cell 75:1169-78 (1993). The function of
hFasL is described further in Kxammer, etal, Immunol. Rev. 142:175-91 (1994);Nagata
and Golstein, Science 267(5203): 1449-56 (1995); and Yagita, et al, Immunol. Rev.
146:223-39 (1995). The term *Tas Ligand" is intended to encompass hFasL as well as
homologs of hFasL derived from other species. The terms "hFasL" and "FasL'1 are
intended to include forms thereof that can be prepared by standard recombinant
expression methods or purchased commercially (Alexis® Biochemicals, Catalog # 522-
001) as well as generated synthetically.
The term "soluble," when used in conjunction with FasL, refers to a cleaved form
of the "membrane-associated" or "membrane bound" form of FasL. Soluble FasL
describes soluble fragments containing at least a portion of the extracellular domain of
membrane bound FasL. Soluble FasL is generated by metalloproteinase cleavage at a
specific site in the extracellular region of FasL, resulting in a soluble molecule
(Hohlbaum, et al., J. Exp. Med. 191 (7): 1209-20 (2000); Tanaka, et al, Nat. Med.
2(3):317-22 (1996); and Kayagaki, et al, J. Exp. Med. 182(6): 1777-83 (1995)). Like the
membrane bound form, soluble FasL is capable of inducing apoptosis upon binding Fas.
The phrases "biological property" or "biological characteristic," or the terms
"activity" or "bioactivity," in reference to an antibody or antibody fragment of the present
invention, are used interchangeably herein and include, but are not limited to, epitope
affinity and specificity (e.g., anti-hFasL human antibody binding to hFasL), ability to
antagonize the activity of the targeted polypeptide in vivo and/or in vitro (e.g., FasL
bioactivity), the in vivo stability of the antibody, and the immunogenic properties of the
antibody. Other identifiable biological properties or characteristics of an antibody
recognized in the art include, for example, cross-reactivity, (i.e., with non-human
homologs of the targeted polypeptide, or with other proteins or tissues, generally), and
ability to preserve high expression levels of protein in mammalian cells. The
aforementioned properties or characteristics can be observed or measured using
art-recognized techniques including, but not limited to ELISA, competitive ELISA,
BIAcore® surface plasmon resonance analysis, in vitro and in vivo neutralization assays
(e.g., Examples 1, 2, and 3), and immunohistochemistry with tissue sections from
different sources including human, primate, or any other source as the need may be.
The term "epitope" as used herein refers to a region of a protein molecule to which
an antibody can bind. An "immunogenic epitope" is defined as the part of a protein that
elicits an antibody response when the whole protein is the immunogen. See, for instance,
Geysen, et ai, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:3998-4002 (1984). An "antigen binding
portion" of an antibody, as used herein, refers to a region of an antibody that interacts
with or binds to an epitope to which the antibody binds when the antigen binding portion
is comprised within an antibody. The antigen binding portion may exist outside the
context of the full length antibody and still be considered to be an antigen binding portion
of the antibody whether or not it still interacts with or binds to an epitope.
The term "inhibit" or "inhibiting" means neutralizing, antagonizing, prohibiting,
preventing, restraining, slowing, disrupting, stopping, or reversing progression or severity
of that which is being inhibited, e.g., including, but not limited to an activity, a disease or
condition.
The term "isolated" when used in relation to a nucleic acid or protein (e.g., an
antibody), refers to a nucleic acid sequence or protein that is identified and separated from
at least one contaminant (nucleic acid or protein, respectively) with which it is ordinarily
associated in its natural source. Isolated nucleic acid or protein is present in a form or
setting that is different from that in which it is found in nature. In contrast, non-isolated
nucleic acids or proteins are found in the state they exist in nature. Preferably, an "isolated
antibody" is an antibody that is substantially free of other antibodies having different
antigenic specificities (e.g., an isolated antibody that specifically binds hFas Ligand
substantially free of antibodies that specifically bind antigens other than hFas Ligand
polypeptide).
As used herein, the term "purified" or "to purify" means the result of any process
which removes some contaminant from the component of interest, such as a protein or
nucleic acid. The percent of a purified component is thereby increased in the sample. In
preferred embodiments, the antibody will be purified (1) to greater than 95% by weight of
antibody as determined by the Lowry method, and most preferably more than 99% by
weight, and (2) to homogeneity by SDS-PAGE under reducing or non-reducing conditions
using Coomassie blue, or preferably, silver stain.
The terms "Kabat numbering" and "Kabat labeling" are used interchangeably
herein. These terms, which are recognized in the art, refer to a system of numbering
amino acid residues which are more variable (i.e., hypervariable) than other amino acid
residues in the heavy and light chain variable regions of an antibody (Kabat, et al, Ann.
NY Acad. Sci. 190:382-93 (1971); Kabat, et al, Sequences of Proteins of Immunological
Interest, Fifth Edition, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, NIH Publication
, No. 91-3242 (1991)).
A polynucleotide is "operably linked" when it is placed into a functional
relationship with another polynucleotide. For example, DNA for a presequence or
secretory leader is operably linked to DNA for a polypeptide if it is expressed as a
preprotein that participates in the secretion of the polypeptide; a promoter or enhancer is
operably linked to a coding sequence if it affects the transcription of the sequence.
Transgenic animals (e.g., mice) that are capable, upon immunization, of producing
human antibodies in the absence of endogenous immunoglobulin production can be
employed in the invention. Transfer of the human germline immunoglobulin gene array
in such germline mutant mice will result in the production of human antibodies upon
antigen challenge. See, e.g., Jakobovits, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:2551-5
(1993); Jakobovits, et al, Nature 362:255-8 (1993); Bruggemann, et al, Year in Immun.
7:33 (1993); Nature 148:1547-53 (1994), Nature Biotechnology 14:826 (1996); Gross, et
al, Nature 404:995-9 (2000); and U.S. Patent numbers 5,877,397; 5,874,299; 5,814,318;
5,789,650; 5,770,429; 5,661,016; 5,633,425; 5,625,126; 5,569,825; and 5,545,806.
Human antibodies can also be produced in phage display libraries (Hoogenboom
and Winter, J. Mol. Biol. 227:381-8 (1992)). The techniques of Cole, et at, and Boerner,
et ah, are also among those techniques available for the preparation of human monoclonal
antibodies (Cole, et al, Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, Alan R. Liss, p. 77
(1985); and Boerner, et al.,J. Immunol. 147:86-95 (1991)).
Recombinant human antibodies may also be subjected to in vitro mutagenesis (or,
when an animal transgenic for human Ig sequences is used, in vivo somatic mutagenesis)
and, thus, the amino acid sequences of the HCVR and LCVR regions of the recombinant
antibodies are sequences that, while derived from those related to human germline HCVR
and LCVR sequences, may not naturally exist within the human antibody germline
repertoire in vivo.
The term "neutralizing" or "antagonizing" in reference to an anti-FasL antibody or
the phrase "antibody that antagonizes (neutralizes) FasL activity" or "antagonizes
(neutralizes) FasL" is intended to refer to an antibody, or antigen-binding portion thereof,
whose binding to or contact with FasL results in inhibition of a biological activity induced
by FasL polypeptides. Inhibition of FasL biological activity can be assessed by measuring
one or more in vitro or in vivo indicators of FasL biological activity including, but not
limited to, induction of FasL-mediated intracellular signaling, apoptosis, neutrophil
chemotaxis, or inhibition of receptor binding in a FasL receptor binding assay. Indicators
of FasL biological activity can be assessed by one or more of the several in vitro or in vivo
assays known in the art. Preferably, the ability of an antibody to neutralize or antagonize
FasL activity is assessed by inhibition of Fas-FasL mediated apoptosis.
The terms "individual, " "subject," and "patient," used interchangeably herein,
refer to a mammal, including, but not limited to, murine, simian, human, mammalian farm
animals, mammalian sport animals, and mammalian pets.
The term "Koff," as used herein, refers to the off rate constant for dissociation of an
antibody from the antibody/antigen complex. The dissociation rate constant (Koff) of an
anti-hFasL human antibody can be determined by BIAcore® surface plasmon resonance as
generally described in Example 3. Generally, BIAcore® analysis measures real-time
binding interactions between ligand (recombinant FasL polypeptide immobilized on a
biosensor matrix) and analyte (antibodies in solution) by surface plasmon resonance
(SPR) using the BIAcore system (Pharmacia Biosensor, Piscataway, NJ). SPR can also
be performed by immobilizing the analyte (antibodies on a biosensor matrix) and
presenting the ligand in solution. A low off rate for an antigen/antibody complex refers to
a Koff of 10-3 sec-1 or less, preferably 10-4 sec-1 or less, or even more preferably 10-5sec-1 or
less.
The term "Kd," as used herein, refers to the equilibrium dissociation constant of a
particular antibody-antigen interaction. For purposes of the present invention, KD may be
determined as shown in Example 3. Antibodies with high avidity and/or high affinity
binding with a particular epitope have a Kd of 10-7 M or less, preferably 10-8 M or less,
more preferably 10"9 M or less.
The term "vector" includes a nucleic acid molecule capable of transporting
another nucleic acid to which it has been linked including, but not limited to, plasmids
and viral vectors. Certain vectors are capable of autonomous replication in a host cell into
which they are introduced while other vectors can be integrated into the genome of a host
cell upon introduction into the host cell, and thereby, are replicated along with the host
genome. Moreover, certain vectors are capable of directing the expression of genes to
which they are operably linked. Such vectors are referred to herein as "recombinant
expression vectors" (or simply "expression vectors").
The term "host cell" includes an individual cell or cell culture that can be or has
been a recipient of any recombinant vector(s) or isolated polynucleotide of the invention.
Host cells include progeny of a single host cell, and the progeny may not necessarily be
completely identical (in morphology or in total DNA complement) to the original parent
cell due to natural, accidental, or deliberate mutation and/or change. A host cell includes a
cell transfected or infected in vivo or in vitro with a recombinant vector or a
polynucleotide of the invention. A host cell which comprises a recombinant vector of the
invention may also be referred to as a "recombinant host cell". Preferably the host cell is
bacterial or mammalian; if mammalian, it is preferably a CHO, COS, NSO or 293 cell.
The present invention relates to human monoclonal antibodies that are specific for
and neutralize a hFasL polypeptide, antigenic fragment thereof, or an hFasL activity.
Also disclosed are antibody heavy and/or light chain fragments that are highly specific
for, and neutralize a FasL polypeptide, antigenic fragment or epitope-bearing thereof, or
an hFasL activity, preferably the binding of hFasL to Fas. This high specificity for
binding FasL enables the anti-hFasL human antibodies, antigen-binding portions thereof,
and human monoclonal antibodies with like specificity, to be immunotherapeutic to Fas-
FasL associated diseases.
In one embodiment, the invention provides an isolated anti-hFasL human
antibody, or antigen-binding portion thereof, comprising at least one, preferably at least
two, of the amino acid sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs : 2,
4,6,8,10,12,14,16, 18,20,22, and 24. The sequences represented in SEQ ID NOs 4,
6, 8, 12,14, 16, 20, 22 and 24, when present in an antibody of the invention are preferably
positioned in the antibody of the invention at the same CDR location as depicted in
Tables 1, 2 and 3 herein and as they are positioned in SEQ ED NO: 2 (for SEQ ID NOs: 4,
6 and 8), SEQ ID NO: 10 (for SEQ ID NOs: 12, 14, andl6) and SEQ ID NO: 18 (for SEQ
ID NOs: 20, 22 and 24).
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides an isolated anti-FasL human
antibody, or antigen-binding portion thereof, that binds a soluble FasL polypeptide (or
antigenic fragment thereof) with an equilibrium dissociation constant, Kd, of 2 x 10-7 M
or less, more preferably 2 x 10-8 M or less and even more preferably 2 x 10-9 M or less (as
determined by solid phase BIAcore® surface plasmon resonance at room temperature),
dissociates from a FasL polypeptide with a low koff rate constant, and has the capacity to
antagonize a FasL polypeptide activity.
Another embodiment of the invention provides an isolated anti-hFasL human
antibody, or antigen-binding portion thereof, that inhibits FasL-mediated apoptosis in an
in vitro neutralization assay with an IC50 of 10 nM or less (alternatively 9 nM or less, 8
nM or less, 7 nM or less, 6 nM or less, or 5 nM or less) for membrane-bound FasL, or an
IC50 of 0.2 nM or less (alternatively 0.19 nM or less, 0.18 nM or less, 0.17 nM or less, or
0.15 nM or less) for soluble FasL. Such an antigen-binding portion of the invention may
exist alone or within a hFasL human antibody. In a more preferred embodiment, the
isolated anti-hFasL human antibody binds a soluble FasL polypeptide with an equilibrium
dissociation constant, Kd, of 1 x 10-7 M or less, more preferably 1 x 10-8 M or less, even
more preferably 1 x 10-9 M or less (as determined by solid phase BIAcore® at room
temperature). Examples of anti-hFasL human antibodies that meet the aforementioned
kinetic and neutralization criteria include 3E1 and 4G11 antibodies, as described in
Examples 1, 2, and 3.
The most preferred anti-hFasL human antibody of the present invention is that
referred to herein as 3E1. The 3E1 antibody has LCVR and HCVR comprising a
polypeptide with a sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 10, respectively
(see Tables 1 and 3 herein). Exemplary polynucleotide sequences encoding the LCVR
and HCVR of 3E1 are shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO:9, respectively.
In another embodiment, a preferred anti-hFasL human antibody is that referred to
herein as 4G11. The 4G11 antibody has LCVR and HCVR comprising a polypeptide
with a sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 18, respectively (see Tables
2 and 3 herein). Exemplary polynucleotide sequences encoding the LCVR and HCVR of
4G11 are shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ED NO: 17, respectively.
In another embodiment, the invention provides an isolated anti-hFasL human
antibody Fab and an anti-hFasL human antibody F(ab')2 fragment comprising a HCVR
comprising a polypeptide with the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NO: 10 or SEQ ED
NO: 18, and further comprising an LCVR comprising a polypeptide with the amino acid
sequence of SEQ ED NO:2 for each antibody, 3E1 and 4G11. In yet another embodiment,
the invention provides isolated anti-hFasL human antibody, or antigen-binding portions
thereof, comprising at least one, preferably at least 2, 3,4 5 or 6 polypeptides with an
amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 4,6, 8, 12, 14,
16, 20, 22, and 24. Preferably, the amino acid sequence as shown SEQ ED NOs: 4, 12 or
20, when it exists in an antibody of the invention, is located at CDR1. Preferably the
amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 6, 14 or 22, when it exists in an antibody
of the invention, is located at CDR2. And, preferably the amino acid sequence as shown
in SEQ ID NOs: 8, 16, or 24, when it exists in an antibody of the invention, is located at
CDR3. Preferred embodiments provide an isolated anti-hFasL human antibody, or
antigenic-binding portion thereof, that inhibits soluble FasL-induced apoptosis in an in
vitro neutralization assay with an IC50 of 0.5 nM or less, more preferably about 0.3 or less,
more preferably about 0.15 nM or less; or membrane-bound FasL-induced proliferation or
apoptosis in an in vitro neutralization assay with an IC50 of 10 nM or less, preferably
about 9, 8, 7, 6 or 5 nM or less.
In another embodiment, the present invention is also directed to cell lines that
produce an anti-hFasL human antibody described herein. Isolation of cell lines producing
a monoclonal antibody of the invention can be accomplished using routine screening
techniques known in the art. Several cell lines that produce an anti-hFasL human
antibody of the present invention have been deposited with ATCC (American Type
Culture Collection). A mouse hybridoma secreting human IgG4 kappa (from a HuMab-
mouse®) 3E1 is assigned reference number ATCC PTA-4017, and a mouse hybridoma
secreting human IgG4 kappa (from a HuMab-mouse®) 4G11 is assigned reference number
ATCC PTA-4018. Most preferred anti-hFasL human antibodies of the present invention
have the same, or a substantially similar, amino acid sequence within at least 1, more
preferably at least 2, 3,4, 5 or 6 hypervariable regions (i.e., CDRs) as present in one or
more of the above-mentioned ATCC deposited antibodies.
A wide variety of host expression systems can be used to express an antibody of
the present invention including prokaryotic (bacterial) and eukaryotic expression systems
(such as yeast, baculoviral, plant, mammalian and other animal cells, transgenic animals,
and hybridoma cells), as well as phage display expression systems. An example of a
suitable bacterial expression vector is pUCl 19 (Sfi), and a suitable eukaryotic expression
vector is a modified pcDNA3.1 vector with a weakened DHFR selection system. Other
antibody expression systems are also known in the art and are contemplated herein.
Numerous suitable mammalian host cells are known in the art including, but not limited
to, COS, CHO, NSO and 293 cells.
An antibody of the invention can be prepared by recombinant expression of
immunoglobulin light and heavy chain genes in a host cell. To express an antibody
recombinantly, a host cell is transfected with one or more recombinant expression vectors
carrying DNA fragments encoding the immunoglobulin light and heavy chains of the
antibody such that the light and heavy chains are expressed in the host cell. Preferably,
the recombinant antibodies are secreted into the medium in which the host cells are
cultured, from which the antibodies can be recovered. Standard recombinant DNA
methodologies are used to obtain antibody heavy and light chain genes, incorporate these
genes into recombinant expression vectors, and introduce the vectors into host cells. Such
standard recombinant DNA technologies are described, for example, in Sambrook,
Fritsch, and Maniatis (Eds.), Molecular Cloning; A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition,
Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., (1989); Ausubel, et al (Eds.) Current Protocols in Molecular
Biology, Greene Publishing Associates, (1989); and in U.S. Patent No. 4,816,397 by Boss,
etal.
An isolated DNA encoding a HCVR region can be converted to a full-length
heavy chain gene by operably linking the HCVR-encoding DNA to another DNA
molecule encoding heavy chain constant regions (CHI, CH2, and CH3). The sequences
of human heavy chain constant region genes are known in the art. See, e.g., Kabat, et al.,
Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services, NIH Publication No. 91-3242 (1991). DNA fragments
encompassing these regions can be obtained by standard PCR amplification. The heavy
chain constant region can be an IgGl, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, IgE, IgM or IgD constant
region and any allotypic variant thereof as described in Kabat {supra), but most preferably
is an IgG4 or an IgGl constant region. Alternatively, the antigen binding portion can be a
Fab fragment, a F(ab')2 fragment, or a single chain Fv fragment (scFv). For a Fab
fragment heavy chain gene, the HCVR-encoding DNA can be operably linked to another
DNA molecule encoding only a heavy chain CHI constant region.
An isolated DNA encoding a LCVR region can be converted to a full-length light
chain gene (as well as a Fab light chain gene) by operably linking the LCVR-encoding
DNA to another DNA molecule encoding a light chain constant region, CL. The
sequences of human light chain constant region genes are known in the art. See, e.g.,
Kabat, supra. DNA fragments encompassing these regions can be obtained by standard
PCR amplification. The light chain constant region can be a kappa or lambda constant
region.
To create an scFv gene, the HCVR- and LCVR-encoding DNA fragments are
operably linked to another fragment encoding a flexible linker, e.g., encoding the amino
acid sequence (Gly4-Ser)3, such that the HCVR and LCVR sequences can be expressed as
a contiguous single-chain protein, with the LCVR and HCVR regions joined by the
flexible linker. See, e.g.. Bird, et al., Science 242:423-6 (1988); Huston, et al, Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:5879-83 (1988); McCafferty, et al., Nature 348:552-4 (1990).
To express an antibody of the invention, a DNA encoding a partial or full-length
light and/or heavy chain, obtained as described above, are inserted into an expression
vector such that the gene is operably linked to transcriptional and translational control
sequences. In this context, the term "operably linked" is means that an antibody gene is
ligated into a vector such that transcriptional and translational control sequences within
the vector serve their intended function of regulating the transcription and translation of
the antibody gene. The expression vector and expression control sequences are chosen to
be compatible with the expression host cell used. The antibody light chain gene and the
antibody heavy chain gene can be inserted into separate vectors or, more typically, both
genes are inserted into the same expression vector. The antibody genes are inserted into
the expression vector by standard methods. Additionally, the recombinant expression
vector can encode a signal peptide that facilitates secretion of the anti-hFasL human
antibody light and/or heavy chain from a host cell. The anti-hFasL human antibody light
and/or heavy chain gene can be cloned into the vector such that the signal peptide is
operably linked in-frame to the amino terminus of the antibody chain gene. The signal
peptide can be an immunoglobulin signal peptide or a heterologous signal peptide.
In addition to the antibody heavy and/or light chain gene(s), a recombinant
expression vector of the invention carries regulatory sequences that control the expression
of the antibody chain gene(s) in a host cell. The term "regulatory sequence" is intended to
include promoters, enhancers and other expression control elements {e.g., polyadenylation
signals), as needed, that control the transcription or translation of the antibody chain
gene(s). The design of the expression vector, including the selection of regulatory
sequences may depend on such factors as the choice of the host cell to be transformed, the
level of expression of protein desired. Preferred regulatory sequences for mammalian
host cell expression include viral elements that direct high levels of protein expression in
mammalian cells, such as promoters and/or enhancers derived from cytomegalovirus
(CMV), Simian Virus 40 (SV40), adenovirus, (e.g., the adenovirus major late promoter
(AdMLP)) and polyoma virus.
In addition to the antibody heavy and/or light chain genes and regulatory
sequences, the recombinant expression vectors of the invention may carry additional
sequences, such as sequences that regulate replication of the vector in host cells (e.g.,
origins of replication) and one or more selectable marker genes. The selectable marker
gene facilitates selection of host cells into which the vector has been introduced. For
example, typically the selectable marker gene confers resistance to drugs, such as G418,
hygromycin, or methotrexate, on a host cell into which the vector has been introduced.
Preferred selectable marker genes include the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene (for
use in DHFR-minus host cells with methotrexate selection / amplification), the neo gene
(for G418 selection), and ghitamine synthetase (GS) in a GS-negative cell line (such as
"NSO) for selection/amplification.
For expression of the light and/or heavy chains, the expression vector(s) encoding
the heavy and/or light chains is transfected into a host cell by standard techniques e.g.,
electroporation, calcium phosphate precipitation, DEAE-dextran transfection and the like.
Although it is theoretically possible to express the antibodies of the invention in either
prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cells, preferably eukaryotic cells, and most preferably
mammalian host cells, because such cells, are more likely to assemble and secrete a
properly folded and imnunologically active antibody. Preferred mammalian host cells for
expressing the recombinant antibodies of the invention include Chinese Hamster Ovary
(CHO cells) (including DHFR-CHO cells, described in Urlaub and Chasin, Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 77:4216-20 (1980), used with a DHFR selectable marker, eg., as
described in Kaufman and Sharp, J. Mol. Biol. 159:601-21 (1982)), NSO myeloma cells,
COS cells, and SP2/0 cells. When recombinant expression vectors encoding antibody
genes are introduced into mammalian host cells, the antibodies are produced by culturing
the host cells for a period of time sufficient to allow for expression of the antibody in the
i
host cells or, more preferably, secretion of the antibody into the culture medium in which
the host cells are grown. Antibodies can be recovered from the host cell and/or the
culture medium using standard purification methods.
Host cells can also be used to produce portions, or fragments, of intact antibodies,
e.g., Fab fragments or scFv molecules. It will be understood that variations on the above
procedure are within the scope of the present invention. For example, it may be desirable
to transfect a host cell with DNA encoding either the light chain or the heavy chain (but
not both) of an antibody of this invention. Recombinant DNA technology may also be
used to remove some or all the DNA encoding either or both of the light and heavy chains
that is not necessary for binding to hFas Ligand. The molecules expressed from such
truncated DNA molecules are also encompassed by the antibodies of the invention.
In a preferred system for recombinant expression of an antibody of the invention, a
recombinant expression vector encoding both the antibody heavy chain and the antibody
light chain is introduced into DHFR-CHO cells by calcium phosphate-mediated
transfection. Within the recombinant expression vector, the antibody heavy and light
chain genes are each operably linked to enhancer/promoter regulatory elements (eg.,
derived from SV40, CMV, adenovirus and the like, such as a CMV enhancer/AdMLP
promoter regulatory element or an SV40 enhancer/AdMLP promoter regulatory element)
to drive high levels of transcription of the genes. The recombinant expression vector also
carries a DHFR gene, which allows for selection of cells, e.g., CHO cells, that have been
transfected with the vector using methotrexate selection/amplification. The selected
transformant host cells are cultured to allow for expression of the antibody heavy and
light chains and intact antibody is recovered from the culture medium. Standard
molecular biology techniques are used to prepare the recombinant expression vector,
transfect the host cells, select for transformants, culture the host cells and recover the
antibody from the culture medium. Antibodies, or antigen-binding portions thereof, of the
invention can be expressed in an animal (eg., a mouse) that is transgenic for human
immunoglobulin genes (see, e.g., Taylor, et at., Nucleic Acids Res. 20:6287-95(1992)).
Plant cells can also be modified to create transgenic plants that express the antibody, or an
antigen-binding portion thereof, of the invention.
In view of the foregoing, another embodiment of the invention pertains to nucleic
acids, vectors, and host cell compositions that can be used for recombinant expression of
the antibodies and antibody portions of the invention. Preferably, the invention provides
isolated nucleic acids that comprise a region encoding one or more CDRs of 3E1 or 4G11
and even more preferably those CDRs exist in the expressed protein (e.g., antibody or
antigen binding portion thereof) at the same CDR site within the antibody structure as
they exist in antibody 3E1 or 4G11. Preferably, the invention provides isolated nucleic
acids that comprise a region encoding the heavy chain variable region of 3E1 or 4G11
and/or the light chain variable region of 3E1 or 4G11. Accordingly, in one embodiment,
the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide comprising an
antibody heavy chain variable region of 3E1 heavy chain CDR3 with a sequence as shown
in SEQ ID NO: 16 and/or a heavy chain CDR2 with a sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO:
14 and/or the 3E1 heavy chain CDR1 with the sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12.
Most preferably, the isolated nucleic acid encodes a polypeptide comprising an antibody
heavy chain variable region with a sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10 (the full HCVR
region of 3E1).
In another embodiment, the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid encoding a
polypeptide comprising a heavy chain variable region of the 4G11 heavy chain CDR3
with a sequence as shown in SEQ ED NO: 24 and/or the 4G11 heavy chain CDR2 with a
sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 22 and/or the 4G11 heavy chain CDR1 with sequence
as shown in SEQ ID NO: 20. Even more preferably, the isolated nucleic acid encodes a
polypeptide comprising an antibody heavy chain variable region comprising the sequence
as shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 (the full HCVR region of 4G11).
It is contemplated that the heavy chain and/or light chain present in an antibody of
the invention may comprise various combinations of the CDRs of the invention, e.g.,
CDR1 and CDR2; CDR1 and CDR3; CDR2 and CDR3; or CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3.
(CDR1 with a sequence as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 4,12 or 20; CDR2 with a sequence as
shown in SEQ ID NOs: 6, 14 or 22; CDR3 with a sequence as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 8,
16 or 24). Preferably the CDR sequences, when they exist in an antibody of the invention,
exist at the same CDR position, in an antibody of the invention as they do in antibody 3E1
or 4G11. It is contemplated that the CDRs may exist in different chains in other
antibodies of the invention than they do in antibody 3E1 or 4G11. However, most
preferably, the CDR sequences when they exist in an antibody of the invention, exist at
the same CDR position and in the same chain (light or heavy) as they do in antibody 3E1
or4Gll.
In still another embodiment, the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid
encoding an antibody light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ED NO: 2 (i.e., the 3E1 or 4G11 LCVR). Preferably this nucleic acid comprises the
nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, although the skilled artisan will appreciate that
due to the degeneracy of the genetic code, other nucleotide sequences can encode the
amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. The nucleic acid can encode only the LCVR or
can also encode an antibody light chain constant region, operably linked to the LCVR. In
one embodiment, this nucleic acid is in a recombinant expression vector.
In still another embodiment, the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid
encoding an antibody heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO: 10 (i.e., the 3E1 HCVR). This nucleic acid may comprise the nucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, although the skilled artisan will appreciate that due to the
degeneracy of the genetic code, other nucleotide sequences can encode the amino acid
sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10. The nucleic acid can encode only the HCVR or can also
encode e.g., a heavy chain constant region, operably linked to the HCVR. For example,
the nucleic acid can comprise an IgG4 or an IgGl constant region. In one embodiment,
this nucleic acid is in a recombinant expression vector.
In still another embodiment, the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid
encoding an antibody heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of
SEQ ID NO: 18 (i.e., the 4G11 HCVR). This nucleic acid may comprise the nucleotide
sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, although the skilled artisan will appreciate that due to the
degeneracy of the genetic code, other nucleotide sequences can encode the amino acid
sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18. The nucleic acid can encode only the HCVR or can also
encode a heavy chain constant region, operably linked to the HCVR. In another
embodiment, this nucleic acid is in a recombinant expression vector.
The invention also provides recombinant expression vectors encoding both an
antibody heavy chain and an antibody light chain. For example, in one embodiment, the
invention provides a recombinant expression vector encoding:
a) an antibody heavy chain having a variable region comprising the amino acid
sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 10 and 18;
and
b) an antibody light chain having a variable region comprising the amino acid
sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
The invention also provides host cells into which one or more of the recombinant
expression vectors of the invention have been introduced. Preferably, the host cell is a
mammalian host cell, more preferably the host cell is a CHO cell, an NSO cell or a COS
cell. Still further the invention provides a method of synthesizing a recombinant human
antibody of the invention by culturing a host cell of the invention in a suitable culture
medium until a recombinant human antibody of the invention is synthesized. The method
can further comprise isolating the recombinant human antibody from the culture medium,
the host cell, or both.
Once expressed, the whole antibodies, their dimers, individual light and heavy
chains, or other immunoglobulin forms of the present invention can be purified according
to standard procedures of the art, including ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion
exchange, affinity, reverse phase, hydrophobic interaction column chromatography, gel
electrophoresis and the like. Substantially pure immunoglobulins of at least about 90 to
95% homogeneity are preferred, and 98 to 99% or more homogeneity most preferred, for
pharmaceutical uses. Once purified, partially or to homogeneity as desired, the
polypeptides may then be used therapeutically or prophylactically, as directed herein.
The antibodies or antibody fragments of the present invention can be incorporated
into pharmaceutical compositions suitable for administration to a subject. Typically, the
pharmaceutical composition comprises an antibody or antibody portion of the invention
and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, carrier, and/or excipient. The pharmaceutical
compositions for administration are designed to be appropriate for the selected mode of
administration, and pharmaceutically acceptable diluents, carrier, and/or excipients such
as dispersing agents, buffers, surfactants, preservatives, solubilizing agents, isotonicity
agents, stabilizing agents and the like are used as appropriate.
A pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-hFasL human antibody of the
present invention can be administered to a mammal at risk for or exhibiting pathologies
associated with Fas-FasL interactions using standard administration techniques by
intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, pulmonary, transdermal, intramuscular,
intranasal, buccal, sublingual, or suppository administration.
The antibodies of the invention can be incorporated into a pharmaceutical
composition suitable for parenteral administration. Peripheral systemic delivery by
intravenous or intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection is preferred. Suitable vehicles for
such injections are straightforward and known in the art.
The pharmaceutical compositions typically must be sterile and stable under the
conditions of manufacture and stoiage. Therefore, pharmaceutical compositions may be
sterile filtered after making the formulation, or otherwise mademicrobiologically
acceptable. A typical composition for intravenous infusion could have a volume as much
as 250 mL of fluid, such as sterile Ringer's solution, and 1 tolOO mg/mL, or more in
antibody concentration. Therapeutic agents of the invention can all be frozen or
lyophilized for storage and reconstituted in a suitable sterile carrier prior to use.
Lyophilization and reconstitution can lead to varying degrees of antibody activity loss
(e.g., with conventional immunoglobulins, IgM antibodies tend to have greater activity
loss than IgG antibodies). Dosages may have to be adjusted to compensate. Generally,
pH between 6 and 8 is preferred.
FasL plays a critical role in the pathology associated with a variety of diseases
involving immune and inflammatory factors. Therefore, a pharmaceutical composition
comprising an anti-hFasL human antibody of the invention can be used to treat or prevent
autoimmune and inflammatory diseases including, but not limited to, systemic
inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, acute
respiratory distress syndrome, severe sepsis, trauma, graft-versus-host disease, organ
rejection associated with organ transplant, multiple sclerosis, idiopathic pulmonary
fibrosis, osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis,
acute myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, cardiac reperfusion injury, diabetes, cancers
(including e.g., cancers which express FasL as a mechanism of evading the immune
response and cancer types such as breast cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, colon cancer,
NSCLC, lymphoma and hepatocellular carcinoma), human immunodeficiency virus,
influenza virus and hepatic disorders including but not limited to fulminant viral hepatitis
B or C, chronic hepatitis C virus, chronic hepatitis B virus, alcoholic hepatitis, and hepatic
cirrhosis, and renal disorders including, but not limited to, acute renal disease, chronic
renal disease, diabetic nephropathy.
The use of an anti-hFasL human antibody of the present invention for the
treatment of at least one of the aforementioned disorders in which FasL activity is
detrimental is also contemplated herein. Additionally, the use of the antibody of an anti-
hFasL human antibody of the present invention for use in the manufacture of a
medicament for the treatment of at least one of the aforementioned disorders in which
FasL activity is detrimental is contemplated.
As used herein, the terms "treatment", "treating", and the like, refer to obtaining a
desired pharmacologic and/or physiologic effect. The effect may be prophylactic in terms
of completely or partially preventing a disease or symptom thereof and/or may be
therapeutic in terms of a partial or complete cure for a disease and/or adverse affect
attributable to the disease. "Treatment", as used herein, covers any treatment of a disease
in a mammal, particularly in a human, and includes: (a) preventing the disease from
occurring in a subject which may be predisposed to the disease but has not yet been
diagnosed as having it; (b) inhibiting the disease, i.e., arresting its development; and (c)
relieving the disease, i.e., causing regression of the disease.
A pharmaceutical composition of the invention preferably is a "therapeutically
effective amount" or a "prophylacticaily effective amount" of an antibody of the
invention. A "therapeutically effective amount" refers to an amount effective, at dosages
and for periods of time necessary, to achieve the desired therapeutic result. A
therapeutically effective amount of the antibody may vary according to factors such as the
disease state, age, sex, and weight of the individual, and the ability of the antibody or
antibody portion to elicit a desired response in the individual. A therapeutically effective
amount is also one in which any toxic or detrimental effect of the antibody, or antigen-
binding portion thereof, are outweighed by the therapeutically beneficial effects. A
"prophylactically effective amount" refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for
periods of time necessary, to achieve the desired prophylactic result. Typically, since a
prophylactic dose is used in subjects prior to or at an earlier stage of disease, the
prophylactically effective amount will be less than the therapeutically effective amount.
Dosage regimens maybe adjusted to provide the optimum desired response {e.g., a
therapeutic or prophylactic response). For example, a single bolus may be administered,
several divided doses may be administered over time or the dose may be proportionally
reduced or increased as indicated by the exigencies of the therapeutic situation.
Given their ability to bind to hFasL, antibodies of the invention can be used to
detect FasL polypeptides {e.g., in a biological sample, such as serum or plasma), using a
conventional immunoassay, such as an enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), a
radioimmunoassay (RIA) or tissue immunohistochemistry. The invention provides a
method for detecting FasL in a biological sample comprising contacting a biological
sample with an antibody, or antibody portion, of the invention and detecting either the
antibody (or antibody portion) bound to hFasL or unbound antibody (or antibody portion),
to thereby detect hFasL in the biological sample. The antibody is directly or indirectly
labeled with a detectable substance to facilitate detection of the bound or unbound
antibody. Suitable detectable substances include various enzymes, prosthetic groups,
fluorescent materials, luminescent materials and radioactive materials. Examples of
suitable enzymes include horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, betagalactosidase,
or acetylcholinesterase; examples of suitable prosthetic group complexes include
streptavidin/biotin and avidin/biotin; examples of suitable fluorescent materials include
umbelliferone, fluorescein, fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine, dichlorotriazinylamine
fluorescein, dansyl chloride or phycoerythrin; an example of a luminescent material
includes luminol; and examples of a radioactive material include 125I, 131I, 35S, or 3H.
FasL can be assayed in biological fluids by a competition immunoassay utilizing
FasL standards labeled with a detectable substance and an unlabeled anti-hFasL human
antibody. In this assay, the biological sample, the labeled FasL standards and the anti-
hFasL human antibody are combined and the amount of labeled FasL standard bound to
the unlabeled antibody is determined. The amount of FasL in the sample is inversely
proportional to the amount of labeled FasL standard bound to the anti-hFasL human
antibody.
An anti-hFasL antibody of the present invention may be used in a diagnostic assay
for FasL expression. Various diagnostic assay techniques known in the art may be used,
such as competitive binding assays, direct or indirect ELISA sandwich assays and
immunoprecipitation assays conducted in either heterogeneous or homogeneous phases.
See, e.g., Zola, Monoclonal Antibodies: A Manual of Techniques, CRC Press, Inc. (1987)
pp. 147-158. The antibody used in the assay can be labeled with a detectable moiety. The
detectable moiety should be capable of producing, either directly or indirectly, a
detectable signal. For example, the detectable moiety may be a radioisotope, such as 3H,
!4C, 32P, 35S, or 125I, a fluorescent or chemiluminescent compound (such as fluorescein
isothiocyanate, rhodamine, or luciferin), or an enzyme (such as alkaline phosphatase, ß-
galactosidase or horseradish peroxidase). Any method known in the art for conjugating
the antibody to the detectable moiety may be employed.
Example 1: Functional Activity Determined using a Jurkat Assay with Soluble hFasL
FasL/enhancer media is prepared at 4X concentration. IX media contains
50 ng/ml recombinant human soluble FasL (Alexis® Biochemicals, Catalog # 522-001)
and 1 µg/ml anti-FLAG M2 mouse monoclonal antibody (enhancer; Sigma Chemical Co.,
Catalog # F-3165) in Jurkat cell assay media (DMEM:F-12 (3:1), 10% FBS, 20 mM
HEPES, and 50 ug/mL Gentamicin). IX media is used as the "100% apoptosis" control.
Jurkat cell media without FasL or enhancer is used as the "0% apoptosis" control.
The media is incubated at room temperature for one hour. For each determination,
25 µl of either 4X enhanced Fas Ligand media or a control sample are added to each well
in a 96-well plate. Next, 25 µl of either an inhibitor sample (3E1 or 4G11 anti-hFasL
antibody) or a control sample is added to each well. This addition dilutes all samples and
media to one-half the original concentration. Samples are incubated 45 to 60 minutes at
room temperature. Next, 50 µl of Jurkat cells, at a concentration of 106 cells/ml of
solution, are added to each well. This addition yields IX enhanced FasL, samples at one-
fourth their initial concentration, and 5 x 104 Jurkat cells/well. The plates are incubated
for three hours at 37°C in 5% carbon dioxide. WST-1 Cell Proliferation Reagent (Roche,
Catalog # 1 644 807) is added at a concentration of 10 µl/well. The plates are incubated
again for approximately 18 hours at 37°C in 5% carbon dioxide. Plates are then read on a
spectrophotometric plate reader at an optimal wavelength of 450 nm. Results indicate
that both anti-hFasL human antibodies, 3E1 and 4G11, are effective in neutralizing
soluble FasL-mediated apoptosis in this assay
Example 2: CHO-K1 / Jurkat Assay with Membrane-Bound FasL
A CHO-K1 cell line stably expressing a non-cleavable version of hFasL, labeled
DeLhuFasL CHO-K1, is engineered to assay the ability of the antibodies 3E1 and 4G11 to
block activity of membrane-associated FasL. This cell line expresses surface levels of
FasL which, when co-cultured with Jurkat cells, induces Jurkat apoptosis.
Adherent CHO-1 cell media is prepared using DMEM:F-12 (3:1), 5% FBS,
40 ug/ml L-proline (Sigma), 50 ng/mL Gentamicin (Sigma), and 600 ug/ml G418. For
each determination, approximately 104 CHO-K1 cells (either DeLhuFasL or parent CHO-
Kl) are added per well on 96-well plates. Cells are incubated overnight at 37°C in 5%
carbon dioxide. The media is removed, and 100 µl of either inhibitor sample (3E1 or
4G11 antibody; serial dilutions covering a range of concentrations) or control (media) are
added to each well. The plates are incubated for one hour at 37°C in 5% carbon dioxide.
Fifty microliters of Jurkat cells (2.5 x 105 cells/well) are added to each well, and the plates
are incubated for two hours at 37°C in 5% carbon dioxide. Ten microliters of WST-1
Cell Proliferation Reagent are added per well. The plates are again incubated, for four
hours at 37°C in 5% carbon dioxide. The plates are then read on a spectrophotometric
plate reader at an optimal wavelength of 450 nm. Results indicate that both antibodies,
3E1 and 4G11, are effective in blocking membrane bound FasL-mediated apoptosis in
this assay.
Example 3: Affinity Measurement of Monoclonal Antibodies
The affinity of various anti-hFasL antibodies for recombinant human soluble (rhs)
FasL (Alexis® Biochemicals, Catalog # 522-001) is measured using a BIAcore® 2000
instrument. The BIAcore® utilizes the optical properties of surface plasmon resonance to
detect alteration in protein concentration of interacting molecules within a dextran
biosensor matrix. Except where noted, all reagents and materials are purchased from
BIAcore® AB (Upsala, Sweden). All measurements are performed at room temperature.
Samples are dissolved in HBS-EP buffer (150 mM sodium chloride, 3 mM EDTA,
0.005% (w/v) surfactant P-20, and 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4). Goat anti-human Fc
antibody is immobilized on flow cells 1 and 2 of a Bl sensor chip at a level of 500
response units (RUs) using an amine coupling kit.
Binding of rhs FasL is evaluated using multiple analytical cycles. Each cycle is
performed at a flow rate of 50 µl/minute and consisted of the following steps: injection of
10 uL of an anti-hFasL3El antibody at 1 ug/ml, injection of 240 \iL of rhs FasL (starting
at 100 nM and using two-fold serial dilutions for each cycle) followed by 20 minutes for
dissociation, and regeneration using 50 µl of 10 mM glycine hydrochloride, pH 1.5.
Association and dissociation rates for each cycle are evaluated using a "Langmuir 1:1
with mass transport" binding model in the BIAevaluation software.
Example 4: HepG2 Apoptosis Assay with Recombinant Soluble Fas Ligand
A HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma; ATCC # HB-8065) cell line is used to assess
neutralization of recombinant soluble FasL by antibodies 3E1 and 4G11. Cell media is
prepared using DMEM:F-12 (3:1), 10% FBS, 20 mM HEPES, and 50 ug/ml gentamicin.
For each determination, HepG2 cells are seeded on 96-well poly-D-lysine coated plates at
a concentration of 1 x 104 cells/well in 200 µl media. Cells are incubated overnight at
37°C in 5% carbon dioxide. The media is removed, and replaced with 100 µl of media
containing 60 ug/ml bleomycin sulfate (Sigma Chemical, Catalog # B8416). Plates are
incubated overnight using a humidity chamber.
A stock solution of human FasL-FLAG is prepared in assay media (final
concentration is 50 ng/ml FasL and 1 ug/ml anti-FLAG enhancer to form enhanced FasL).
Anti-FasL antibodies are added to a portion of the stock solution to prepare enhanced
FasL media with inhibitor. Each solution is incubated for one hour at room temperature.
For 100% apoptosis control samples, 50 µl/well of the, enhanced FasL solution are added
to the bleomycin-containing media already in the wells. For inhibitor samples,
100 µl/well of the enhanced FasL plus antibody solution are added to the bleomycin-
containing media already in the wells. The plates are then incubated overnight at 37°C in
5% carbon dioxide.
A one to one dilution of WST-1 Cell Proliferation Reagent and media is made.
Twenty microliters of diluted WST-1 are added to each well. The plates are again
incubated overnight at 37°C in 5% carbon dioxide. The plates are then read on a
spectrophotometric plate reader at an optimal wavelength of 450 nm. Results indicate
that as the concentration of antibody decreases, apoptosis increases.
Example 5: Cloning and Sequencing of Heavy and Light Chain Antigen Binding Regions
The variable region for the heavy and light chain for the neutralizing human mAb
3E1 are cloned and sequenced using the following protocols.
mRNA is prepared from 2 x 106 hybridoma cells using the Micro-Fast Track
protocol (Invitrogen) supplied with the kit. cDNA is prepared from 200 µl ethanol
precipitate of mRNA using cDNA Cycle kit (Invitrogen) by spinning the aliquot of
mRNA for thirty minutes at 14,000 rpm at 4°C followed by washing the pellet with 70%
ethanol. The air-dried pellet is resuspended in 11.5 µl of sterile water, and cDNA is
prepared following the kit's instructions. The cDNA is precipitated using ethanol then
resuspended in 30 µl water for use in PCR.
The PCR reactions are set up with degenerate primers at the 5' end of the variable
region for the heavy and light chain paired with 3' primers in the constant region. For
each 50 µl reaction, 1 µl cDNA is used. The reaction is set up as directed for use with Pfu
I followed by twenty cycles. The PCR products are checked by running 5 µl of each
reaction on a 2% agarose gel. The positive reactions are cloned using the Zero Blunt
TOPO PCR cloning kit (Invitrogen). Minipreps from the positive clones are sequenced
and analyzed for productive gene rearrangements. Results from independent PCR
reactions and sequencing of multiple clones revealed sequences of the present invention.
Example 6: Primary Rat Hepatocvte Assay
Apoptosis plays a role in toxic liver damage, fulminant liver failure, hepatocellular
carcinoma, immune-mediated liver disease, and viral hepatitis (Kanzler and Galle,
Seminars Cancer Biol. 10(3): 173-84 (2000)). Previous studies have demonstrated that
primary human hepatocytes are susceptible to apoptosis induced by FasL. More easily
attainable rat primary hepatocytes have indicated that these cells are equally susceptible to
apoptosis induced by hFasL. This assay system is used to demonstrate that rat hepatocyte
death and caspase activation, indicative of intracellular signaling induced by Fas-FasL
interaction, is inhibited by anti-hFasL human monoclonal antibodies, 3E1 and 4G11.
Rat primary hepatocytes in matrigel in 12-well plates at 7 X 105 cells/well are
purchased (In Vitro Technologies, Catalog # M00717MG). The cells are incubated for
either four or twenty-four hours in the following conditions: (1) unstimulated, (2) human
FasL stimulated, (3) hFasL stimulated plus FasL inhibited (using 3E1 and 4G11
antibodies), or (4) hFasL stimulated plus caspase 3 inhibited. These cells are analyzed
according to two assays: (a) lactate dehydrogenase analysis, and (b) caspase 3/8 analysis,
exemplified as Example 6a and 6b, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase release from
cells indicates cell death by any method. Release of caspases 3 and/or 8 from cells
indicates Fas-FasL-mediated apoptosis.
Example 6a: Lactate Dehydrogenase Analysis
Lactate Dehydrogenase LD-L20 reagent (Sigma Chemical, Catalog # 228-20) is a
mixture of lactate and NAD used for the quantitative, kinetic determination of lactate
dehydrogenase activity. Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of lactate to
pyruvate with simultaneous reduction of NAD. Formation of NADH results in an
increase in absorbance at X 340 nm. The rate of increase in absorbance at X 340 nm is
directly proportional to LD activity in the sample.
In a 96-well plate, 10 µl of sample in cell culture media are mixed with 200 µl of
preheated LD-L Reagent. The plate is placed into a 37°C plate reader for a 60 second
incubation period, reading the absorbance at X 340 nm at three time points: 0, 30, and 60
seconds. The initial absorbance reading (time point 0 seconds) is subtracted from the
final absorbance reading (time point 60 seconds) to obtain A absorbance/minute. The
A absorbance/minute is converted to LD activity (U/L) according to a calculation
provided by the reagent supplier. Results indicate that the presence of antibody greatly
reduces the release of lactate dehydrogenase from the cells, signifying a decrease in cell
death.
Example 6b: Caspase 3/8 Analysis
The ApoAlert Caspase Fluorescent Assay Kit (Clontech, Catalog # K2026-2) is
used to detect the activity of specific caspases (3, 8, or 9/6), which becomes active at
different stages of the apoptotic process. 7-amino-4-trifluorornethyl coumarin (AFC),
conjugated to a substrate, is proteolytically cleaved by the appropriate caspase in the
sample, and free AFC fluoresces at A. 505 ran.
In a 96-well black plate, 50 uL of cell lysate are mixed with 50 µl of reaction
buffer and 5 µl of caspase-3 or caspase-8 substrate. The mixture is incubated at 37°C for
one hour, and read in a fluorescence plate reader at X 400 run excitation/X 505 nm
emission. Emissions from apoptotic samples are compared to uninduced and inhibited
controls, allowing determination of the increase in protease activity. Results indicate that
caspase 3/8 activation is completely inhibited in samples containing FasL plus anti-hFasL
antibody.
Example 7: Functional Activity Using Jurkat Cells With Up-Regulated Native FasL
Stimulation of Jurkat T cells with an immobilized antibody to the T cell receptor
CD3 complex induces cellular activation and up-regulation of native FasL. Activation-
induced cell death then occurs, which can be directly measured by assessing cell survival
or active caspase 3 activity. This system was used to determine the ability of anti-FasL
antibody (3E1 was used although it is contemplated that 4G11 or other antibodies of the
invention may be used) to block cell death.
Non-tissue culture-treated, 96-well flat-bottomed plates were coated with anti-
human CD3 antibody (50 µl/well, 1 µg/ml in PBS) at 4°C overnight. Plates were then
washed with PBS to remove non-bound antibody. Jurkat T cells were added to the wells
(50,000 cells/well) alone or together with inhibitor (Antibody 3E1) or a control IgG4, at
various concentrations (5 ng/ml to 5 ng/ml in a final volume of 100 µl in Jurkat assay
media), and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C in 5% carbon dioxide. WST-1 reagent
(available, e.g., from Panvera) was then added (10 µl/well) and plates incubated for an
additional 24 hours. Plates were read on a spectrophotometric plate reader at 450 nm.
WST-1 is used to measure the number of viable cells. Results indicated that the anti-
hFasL antibodies used in the assay were effective in neutralizing native FasL-mediated
apoptosis in this assay.
Alternatively, 24 well plates (non-tissue culture) were coated with the anti-CD3
antibody as described above. Jurkat T cells were then added (200,000 cells/well) alone or
together with the inhibitor or control antibody (final volume of 400 µ1) and incubated for
24 or 48 hours at 37°C in 5% carbon dioxide. Cells were then harvested and washed.
Cells were permeabilized (Cytoperm/Cytofix, Pharmingen #554722) and stained with an
anti-active caspase 3-FITC antibody (Pharmingen #559341), and cell staining assessed on
a flow cytorneter. Results indicated that the anti-hFasL antibodies were effective at
inhibiting caspase 3 activation (caspase 3 activity leads to cellular apoptosis).
Example 8: Anti-FasL Antibodies Inhibit Apoptosis of HIV-infected Human T Cells
Peripheral blood T cells are usually quiescent, until an immune response is
stimulated. However, peripheral T cells of HIV-infected patients display an activated
phenotype, which includes up-regulation of surface Fas and induction of FasL. It is
contemplated that this surface Fas-FasL interaction is responsible for loss of many of the
peripheral, non-HIV infected T cells, via apoptosis. To investigate whether anti-FasL
antibodies could block this cell death, the following experiment was performed.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were purified from whole blood of
HIV-infected patients using Ficoll-Hypaque. Cells were added to 24 well plates at
700,000 cells/well in media alone or together with PHA (5 µg/ml) and recombinant IL-2
(50 U/ml), which further activate the cells. The cells were incubated with or without the
anti-FasL antibodies (2 µg/ml to 200 ng/ml in a final volume of 500 µl). Plates were
incubated for 24 hours or 72 hours at 37°C in 5% carbon dioxide. Cells were then
harvested, washed, and incubated with anti-CD4-PE antibody. The cells were then
washed again, permeabilized and stained with an anti-active caspase 3-FITC antibody and
cell staining assessed on a flow cytorneter. Results indicated that the anti-hFasL
antibodies were effective at reducing the activation of caspase 3, and therefore apoptosis,
in both the CD4 positive and CD4 negative peripheral blood lymphocytes.
WE CLAIM;
1. A recombinant anti-hFasL antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof, comprising
minimum of one polypeptide represented by SEQ ID selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24.
2. An antibody or antigen binding portion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antibody
comprises a light chain variable region (LCVR) and a heavy chain variable region
(HCVR).
3. An antibody or antigen binding portion as claimed in claim 2, wherein the light chain
variable region comprises a polypeptide represented by SEQ ID NO. 2.
4. An antibody or antigen binding portion as claimed in claim 2, wherein the light chain
variable region comprises the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 2 and
the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence represented by
SEQ ID NO. 10.
5. An antibody or antigen binding portion as claimed in claim 2, wherein the light chain
variable region comprises the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 2 and
the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence represented by
SEQ ID NO. 18.
6. An antibody or antigen binding portion as claimed in claim 2, wherein the light chain
variable region CDR1 domain comprises the amino acid represented by SEQ ID NO. 4.
7. An antibody or antigen binding portion as claimed in claim 2, wherein the light chain
variable region CDR2 domain comprises the amino acid represented by SEQ ID NO. 6.
8. An antibody or antigen binding portion as claimed in claim 2, wherein the light chain
variable region CDR3 domain comprises the amino acid represented by SEQ ID NO. 8.
9. An antibody or antigen binding portion as claimed in claim 2, wherein the light chain
variable region CDR1 domain comprises the amino acid sequence represented by
SEQ ID NO. 4 and the light chain variable region CDR2 domain comprises the amino
acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 6.
10. An antibody or antigen binding portion as claimed in claim 2, wherein the light chain
variable region CDR1 domain comprises the amino acid sequence represented by
SEQ ID NO. 4 and the light chain variable region CDR3 domain comprises the amino
acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 8.
11. An antibody or antigen binding portion as claimed in claim 2, wherein the light chain
variable region CDR2 domain comprises the amino acid sequence represented by
SEQ ID NO. 6 and the light chain variable region CDR3 domain comprises the amino
acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 8.
12. An antibody or antigen binding portion as claimed in claim 2, wherein the heavy
chain variable region CDR1 domain comprises the amino acid sequence represented
by SEQ ID NO. 12 or 20.
13. An antibody or antigen binding portion as claimed in claim 2, wherein the heavy
chain variable region CDR2 domain comprises the amino acid sequence represented
by SEQ ID NO. 14 or 22.
14. An antibody or antigen binding portion as claimed in claim 2, wherein the heavy
chain variable region CDR3 domain comprises the amino acid sequence represented
by SEQ ID NO. 16 or 24.
15. An antibody or antigen binding portion as claimed in claim 2, wherein the heavy
chain variable region CDR2 domain comprises the amino acid sequence represented
by SEQ ID NO. 14 or 22 and the heavy chain variable region CDR3 domain
comprises the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 16 or 24.
16. An antibody or antigen binding portion as claimed in claim 2, wherein the heavy
chain variable region CDR1 domain comprises the amino acid sequence represented
by SEQ ID NO. 12 or 20 and the heavy chain variable region CDR2 domain
comprises the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 14 or 22.
17. An antibody or antigen binding portion as claimed in claim 2, wherein the heavy
chain variable region CDR1 domain comprises the amino acid sequence represented
by SEQ ID NO. 12 or 20 and the heavy chain variable region CDR3 domain
comprises the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 16 or 24.
18. An antibody as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 18, wherein the antibody comprises
an IgGl heavy chain constant region.
19. An antibody as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 18, wherein the antibody comprises
an IgG4 heavy chain constant region.
20. An antigen binding portion as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 18, wherein the
fragment is a Fab fragment.
21. An antigen binding portion as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 18, wherein the
fragment is a F(ab')2 fragment.
22. An antigen binding portion as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 18, wherein the
fragment is a single chain Fv fragment.
23. A nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide capable of encoding an antibody
or antigen-binding portion as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 18.
24. A recombinant vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule as claimed in claim 23.
25. A vector as claimed in claim 24, wherein the vector is an expression vector.
26. An antibody or antigen-binding portion as claimed in any of the claims 1-22, wherein
the antibody or antigen-binding portion is produced by hybridoma deposited as ATCC
PTA-4017.
27. An antibody or antigen-binding portion as claimed in any of the claims 1-22, wherein
the antibody or antigen-binding portion is produced by hybridoma deposited as ATCC
PTA-4018.
A pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody and/or antigen-binding
portion as claimed in any of the claim 1 to 22 along with pharmaceutically acceptable
carriers.
An in vitro method of inhibiting hFasL activity, said method comprising contacting
hFasL with the antibody or antigen-binding portion as claimed in any of the claims 1
to 22.
An antibody, an antigen binding-portion, a nucleic acid molecule, a vector,
a pharmaceutical composition and an in vitro method substantially such as
herein described in the accompanying specification.

Human antibodies, preferably recombinant human antibodies that specifically bind to
human Fas Ligand (hFasL) are disclosed. These antibodies have high affinity for hFasL,
a slow off rate for hFasL dissociation and neutralize a Fas Ligand activity in vitro and in
vivo. An antibody of the invention can be a full-length antibody or an antigen-binding
portion thereof. The antibodies, or antigen-binding portions, of the invention are useful
for neutralizing Fas Ligand activity, e.g., in a human subject suffering from a disorder in
which hFas Ligand activity is detrimental. Nucleic acids, vectors and host cells for
expressing the recombinant anti-hFasL human antibodies, and the methods for
synthesizing the recombinant human antibodies are also encompassed by the invention.

Documents:

1362-kolnp-2004-abstract.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-assignment.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-claims.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-correspondence.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-description (complete).pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-examination report.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-form 1.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-form 13.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-form 18.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-form 2.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-form 26.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-form 3.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-form 5.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-granted-abstract.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-granted-assignment.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-granted-claims.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-granted-correspondence.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-granted-description (complete).pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-granted-examination report.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-granted-form 1.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-granted-form 13.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-granted-form 18.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-granted-form 2.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-granted-form 26.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-granted-form 3.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-granted-form 5.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-granted-gpa.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-granted-reply to examination report.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-granted-specification.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-reply to examination report.pdf

1362-kolnp-2004-specification.pdf


Patent Number 235046
Indian Patent Application Number 1362/KOLNP/2004
PG Journal Number 26/2009
Publication Date 26-Jun-2009
Grant Date 24-Jun-2009
Date of Filing 15-Sep-2004
Name of Patentee ELI LILLY AND COMPANY
Applicant Address LILLY CORPORATE CENTER, INDIANPOLIS, IN 46285
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 LANCASTER, JOANNE, SLOAN 6835 BRETTON WOOD DRIVE, INDIANPOLIS, IN 46268
PCT International Classification Number C 12 N 15/09
PCT International Application Number PCT/US2003/06155
PCT International Filing date 2003-03-12
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 60/367,054 2002-03-21 U.S.A.
2 60/409,768 2002-09-10 U.S.A.