Title of Invention	AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POTABLE WATER FROM SPENT WASH USING MARINE SPONGE
Abstract	This invention provides a method for separation of lignin and colouring matter from spent wash using marine sponge through adsorption technology. Marine sponge particularly from Phyllum Porifera class Demospongia such as Maxilla arenaria, Mycale mytilomium, Acctenella forminifera, Presteylessa foetida, are used for the treatment of spent wash to produce potable water.

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This invention relates to an improved process for the treatment of spent wash using marine sponge to produce potable water. More particularly it relates to separation of lignin & colouring matter from spent wash through adsorption technology. Marine sponge particularly from Phyllum Porifera class Demospongia such as Mycale mytilorum, Acctenella forminifera, Presteylessa foetida, Sygmadoin carnosa & Callyspongia fibrosa can be used for the treatment of spent wash. The alcohol industry in India is based on molasses as the principal raw material. The alcohol recovery ranges from 7 to 9% from the molasses, fermentable sugars, the organics, inorganic chemicals in the molasses find their way into effluent which causes high BOD/COD. This effluent known as "spent wash" is also acidic in nature, forms hydrogen sulfide, creating bad odor having black color and hence cannot be disposed as such into the water stream. In the spent wash, origin of black color is due to plant pigment melanoidins, polyphenolic compounds, caramels, which are produced by thermal degradation and condensation reaction of sugar. In the prior art following methods are used for the separation of coloring bodies from spent wash in the alcohol industries. Several methods hitherto used are described in brief here in below: This is mainly useful to minimize industrial pollution due to the spent wash. Apparatus for the decolorizing molasses. Chida, T; Tsuboi, H. Jpn. Kokai. 77, 90, 639, 30 Jul. 1977,pp.3, CA 88 :24490c.(1978) Molasses was decolorized with active carbon in an adsorption tower containing plate electrodes impressed with d. c. voltage. The pigments were dielec. Polarized by electrodes and adsorbed by active carbon. Thus molasses was decolorized 98% in an adsorption tower containing granular active carbon and vertical carbon electrodes at 10 cm intervals at 0.1 A/dm2 and 8V with retention time 3 h. Purification of molasses Kaga T; Hiramoto, T; Hamanaka, K; Sato, M. & Tokida Y. Jpn. Kokai 77, 108, 035. 10 Sept. 1977, pp.7,. CA 88: 75566q., (1978) Granular active carbon was used to decolorize brown liquors of Brix 62 - 3 and stammer color 5.2-5.4 was passed through a regenerated active column at 75-8C and solids carbon ratio 100 with 64% decolourization and molasses having Brix 35-6 pH 5.8 & stammer color 70 was passed through the same column at 72-3. Removal of coloring substances from molasses solutions. Shvets V N; Knogotkova F I; Pavyuchenko L N. Izv. Vyssh Uchebn. Zewed Pisheh. Technol. 1977, (4) 31-5, 88 : 8827n.,(1978). The filtration of molasses diluted to 35% with water through a column filled with AV -16GS. (12626-33-4) Anion exchanger in chloride form removal >50% of colored substances and org. impurities. The effectiveness of removal of these substances decrease in order invert sugar > melanoidins > caramels. The decrease of molasses cone, improved its decolourization by exchanger. Colored substances in molasses could be coagulated by d. c. and removed by filtration but the procedure was effective only bellow 50% molasses cone. colored substances in molasses are not adsorbed by Soviet AGS - 4 activated carbon. Sorption of sugar coloring substances on ion exchangers. Wyroba A. Zesz. Nauk. Univ-Jagiellon Pr.Chem. 19?6, 21^.355-61. CA 88:8826m.(1978) The decoloring power of ion exchange resin towards molasses (A) sugar from 3rd crystal (B) , thick syrup (C) and clear syrup (D) is not the same. Thus centranol. W -291 (I) (51258-00-5) and Amberlite IRA -900 (9050-97-9) reduce best the color of A & B or Amberlite IRA -68 II (9056-59-1) can be used for decolouring C & D is best decolorized by II, although Amberlite IRA-4015 (9036-93-S) can also be used. A and C can be efficiently decolorized with carboraffina activated carbon. Methods for improved determination of sugar content in dark colored products of sugar industry Zagorulko A.Ya.; Boiko E.S.; Korobeinikova L.A.; Ponomarenko A.; Burlyai T.F. Sakh Prom-St 1978 (1) 65-6. CA 88 : 91344w.(1979) Colored substances present in the intermediate of sugar manuf. and molasses can be removed by combined treatment 1st with Pb (OAC) 4 (546-67-8) and then with activated carbon. The decolorized solns. are made up to known vols, and used for the polarimetric/ polometric? detn. of sucrose (I) (57-50-1). Activated carbon does not absorb (I) (87-50-1) and it does not require washing after it is filtered off. Waste water treatment. Sakurai, S. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho. 79 51,250. 21 April 1979. CA 91: 78574p.(1979) Hydrogen peroxide soln. is added to waste water, then the pH is adjusted to Materials for removing hazardous ions from waters Atsukari, Y.; Takahashi, Y.; 1993 CA: 260631 h. The protein fiber material for removing hazardousions (e.g. free chlorine) from waters comprises alternately staked layers of 1. Dual layer comprising wool and activated carbon and 2. dual layer comprising wool and sponge. Separation and enrichment of trace silver with sponges Zhou, Z.; Chen, W.; Guijinshu 1991 12(4) CA: 30961 r. A method for separation and enrichment of trace Ag with sponge was studied. Adsorption selectivity and cone, effect for complex of Ag and 1,10-phenanthroline are geod. In the presence of EDTA, the other metal ions cannot be adsorbed. AgPb can be eluted quant, by 1M HN03 for 96.3 adsorbed. Waste water treatment plant with Bioexcel and HCF systems Tsukui, R.; Ito, H.; Ebara, Z.; 1996 CA: 22467e. Wastewater treatment plant equipped with a Bioexcel system (a biotreatment system featuring filtration by sponge filter media and a HVF system. The BOD, COD and SS in the raw wastewater were 950,680 and 300 mg/L and the treated wastewater were 140, 160 and 50 mg/l. Utilization of a sponge media integrated fixed film activated sludge process for treatment of high ammonia industrial wastewater. Louis, R.; Randall, C. 1995 CA : 324364g. Process characteristics of an integrated fixed film activated sludge treatment system utilizing the sponge media LINPOR were investigated for treatment of a high strength, high ammonia N - industrial wastewater. Operating bench scale anoxic aerobic reactor of media cone. 10,20,30 and 40 performed the evaluations. In the process of the present lignin organics, sugars, inorganics separated by treating the black liquor with marine sponge and seahell powder. In hitherto known processes main drawback are the use of acidic media which involves corrosive problems, filtration problems due to colloidal particles and incomplete removal of organic as well as inorganic matter in the effluent water and colored effluent water due to organic mainly lignin and mellanoidin. There is continued interest on development of new improved processes for separation of lignin organic matters; inorganic compounds from black liquor produces in the distillery wastes of sugar factories. It is well known fact those lignin - containing effluents are not degradable and hence has disposal problems in the environment In the present invention marine sponge is employed as a decoloring agent for the first time and no references to that effect are available in the literature. The combination of sponge and pretreated naturally occurring Calciferous material preferably oyster shell powder found to remove organics, inorganics and color of the black liquor from black to pale yellow, which further treated with active carbon to get almost colorless liquid. The treated effluent was found to be passing BOD, COD and all the other parameters of effluent treated water required by the environmental agencies. All the operations in this process are done at room temperature, hence saves energy costs, the treated water can be recycled to the process. The resins used in the process can be generated with known methods. The invention is based on our finding that in the presence of Sponge, chemical constituents like highly sulfated groups rich in N-acetylglucoseamine, N-acetylgalactoseamine, glucuronic acid along with amino sugars having better phycocolloid properties and anionic polyelectrolytes with marked cation exchange properties must be of some significance in marine fauna & can be used effectively to remove pollutants form the waste. Further at pH >3 sulfated groups and several fractions of neutral polysaccharides like N-acetylglucose amine, N-acetylgalactoseamine are responsible for the selective absorption of coloring chromophores and potassium with the adsorption of the lignin polyphenol^ bodies, the obtained pale yellow effluent treated with Lime power CaO > 98%, ion exchange system and activated carbon to remove organic, inorganic and trace of coloring matter to colorless water which can be recycled in the process in a period ranging upto 4 -6 hours. The main object of the present invention is to provide an improved process for the treatment, of spent wash using marine sponge to produce potable water by separation of coloring matter, inorganic matter and lignin from spent wash produced in the molasses of sugar mill industries. The water produced meets all environmental standards for treated effluents. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a process which does not use acidic condition for treatment of effluents, thereby reducing the hazards of corrosion and other problems mentioned earlier. Accordingly the present invention provides an improved process for the production of potable water from spent wash using marine sponge which comprises contacting marine sponge powder and dilute spent wash at ratio 1:1 for 5 minutes under stirring, adding pre-heated naturally occurring calciferous material such as herein described under stirring and maintaining for at least 30 minutes, at a pH > 7.0, wherein amount of sponge and calciferous material is 1.0% of the spent wash, separating the supernatant from the sludge so formed by conventional methods such as herein described, followed by treating with ion exchange resin activated by charcoal to get colourless potable water. In one of the embodiment of the present invention the spent wash used may be diluted 1:5 times using tap water, demineralised water, distilled water, natural potable water. In the embodiment of the present invention the amount of Sponge & natural calciferous material may be 1.0% w/v of spent wash. In another embodiment of the present invention the marine sponge used may be any marine sponge preferably belonging to Phyllum Porifera class Demospongia more preferably such as Myxilla arenaria, Mycale Mytilomium, acctenella forminifera, Presteylessa foetida. In still another embodiment of the present invention the marine sponge used may be collected from Mandapam gulf of Mannar & Malvan Gulf of Kuctchh deposited at NIO has accession no. NIO-WD/1940/1007 and characteristics as given below. 1. Primitive, multicellular animal 2. Internal skeleton of spicules made up of calcium carbonate, silicic acid and fibres. 3. Lacks nervous system and sensory cells 4. Large osculum and many ostra with transport canals. 5. Various shapes and sizes. 6. Sessile forms 7. Asexual reproduction by gemmules and sexual reproduction by eggs and spermatozoa. 8. Encrusting small cushion like or braanched forms characterised by acanthostyles spicules consisting of bundles inside the sponge. 9. Tomotes arranged at a fatment to the surface isachorus or osochelas and sigmas. 10. Body pad like lumpy, surface uneven. 11 .Colouration greyish white or yellow and light brown. Further the selected sponge may be having α-amino acids (e.g. serine), D-glucuronic acid N-acetyl-α-D-galactose amine functional groups on cell wall. Sponge may be made available to public for research after observing normal set procedures. The sponge used may be such as dehydrated one in a powder form embedded on inert matrix and the amount of sponge added may be preferably between 0.25 gm - 1.0 gm / 100ml of diluted waste. In still another embodiment of the present invention the calciferous material used may be oyster shell powder, seashell, muscle shell powder.. The calciferous material preferably may be activated by heating at 800°C for 4-6 hours. The separation of supernatant from sludge may be carried out by filtration, sedimentation and centrifugation. In another embodiment of the present invention the ion exchange resin is selected from anion/ cation exchanger resin from loba Chemic under brand name IR-120, IR-400 and Indion from Ion Exchange India. In the feature of the present invention the treated spent wash was found to be passing COD/BOD and all other parameters of effluent agencies. In another feature of the present invention all operations of this process are done at room temperature without the use of mineral acid to make the effluent free from organic inorganic and the treated water can be recycled to the process. The resin used in the process can be regenerated with known methods. The invention is described herein after, with reference to the following examples, which are illustrative only and should not be construed to the limit of the scope of present invention. The invention is illustrated by following examples, which should not be construed to limit scope of present invention. Example -1 20ml of spent wash was diluted to 100ml with water and was treated with Sponge dried powder 1gm. under stirring for 2hrs. followed by addition of oyster shell powder 1.0gm. The sludge separated was filtered and filtrate treated with indion resin 20ml to bring its pH 2-3, the filtrate was again passed through column of IR-400 resin. The elute was passed over column of activated carbon 5g„ to colorless water with no organic matter. Color reduction was 92%. The initial COD of spent wash was 56179.2mg/L and after Sponge and oyster shell treatment was brought down to 3945.92mg/L and further to 12mg/L with ion exchange system and BOD of colorless water was 26. Example -2 20ml of spent wash was diluted to 100ml with water and was treated with Sponge dried powder 0.5gm. under stirring for 2hrs. followed by addition of oyster shell powder 0. 5gm The sludge separated was filtered and filtrate treated with indion resin 20ml to bring its pH 2-3, the filtrate was again passed through column of IR- 400 resin. The elute was passed over column of activated carbon 5g. to colorless water with no organic matter. Color reduction was 93.5%. The initial COD of spent wash was 67883.2mg/L and after Sponge and Oyster treatment was brought down to 3817.7mg/L and further to 60mg/L with ion exchange system and BOD of colorless water was 20. Example -3 20ml of spent wash was diluted to 100ml with water and was treated with Sponge dried powder 0.25gm. under stirring for 2hrs. followed by addition of oyster shell powder 0.25gms. The sludge separated was filtered and filtrate treated with indion resin 20ml to bring its pH 2-3, the filtrate was again passed through column of IR-400 resin. The elute was passed over column of activated carbon 5g. to colorless water with no organic matter. Color reduction was 89%. The initial COD of spent wash was 69873.1 mg/L and after Sponge treatment was brought down to 4312.4mg/'L and further to 88mg/L with ion exchange system and BOD of colorless water was 22. We Claim: 1. An improved process for the production of potable water from spent wash using marine sponge which comprises contacting marine sponge powder and dilute spent wash at ratio 1:1 for 5 minutes under stirring, adding pre-heated naturally occurring calciferous material such as herein described .under stirring and maintaining for at least 30 minutes, at a pH > 7.0, wherein amount of sponge and calciferous material is 1.0% of the spent wash, separating the supernatant from the sludge so formed by conventional methods such as herein described followed by treating with ion exchange resin activated by charcoal to get colourless potable water. 2. An improved process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spent wash used is diluted 1:5 times using tap water, demineralised water, distilled water, natural potable water. 3. An improved process as claimed in claims 1 & 2, wherein the calciferous material used are selected from oyster shell powder, sea shell, muscle shell powder. 4. An improved process as claimed in claims 1-3, wherein the calciferous material used is pre-heated at 800°C for 4 - 6 hours. 5. An improved process as claimed in claims 1 to 4, wherein the marine sponge used is selected from any marine sponge preferably belonging to phylum Porifera class Demospongia, more preferably Myxilla arenaria, Mycalem mytilornium, Acctenella forminifera, Presteylessa foetida. 6. An improved process as claimed in claims 1 to 5, wherein the sponge used is selected from dehydrated powder form embedded on inert matrix and the amount, of sponge added is preferably between 0.25 gm - 1.0 gm /100 m of diluted waste. 7. An improved process as claimed in claims 1 to 6, wherein the separation of supernatant from sludge is carried out by filtration, sedimentation and centrifugation. 8. An improved process as claimed in claims 1 to 7, wherein the ion exchange resin used is selected from anion/cation exchanger resin. 9. An improved process for production of potable water from spent wash using marine sponge substantially as herein described with reference to the examples.

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1350-del-1999-abstract.pdf

1350-del-1999-claims.pdf

1350-del-1999-complete specification (granded).pdf

1350-del-1999-correspondence-others.pdf

1350-del-1999-correspondence-po.pdf

1350-del-1999-description (complete).pdf

1350-DEL-1999-Form-1.pdf

1350-del-1999-form-19.pdf

1350-del-1999-form-2.pdf

1350-del-1999-form-3.pdf