Indian Patents. 228609:A PHARMACEUTICAL DELIVERY PACKAGE COMPRISING TWO OR MORE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICALS

Title of Invention	A PHARMACEUTICAL DELIVERY PACKAGE COMPRISING TWO OR MORE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICALS
Abstract	Controlled quantities of powdered medication are formed in controlled release packages using electrostating metering. Also provided are combination medication therapy delivery packages comprising two or more active pharmaceuticals segregated from one another in a single delivery package.

Full Text	METERING AND PACKAGING OF CONTROLLED RELEASE MEDICATION The present invention relates to the metering and packaging of precise quantities of pharmaceuticals and drugs for medical uses. The invention has particular utility in the metering and packaging of combinations of two or more pharmaceuticals and drugs for the same or co-morbid therapy, and will be described in connection with such utility-, although other utilities are contemplated. The convenience of administering a single dose of a medication which releases multiple active ingredients in a controlled fashion and in a chosen location over an extended period of time, as opposed to the administration of a number of single doses at regular intervals, has long been recognized in the pharmaceutical arts. The advantage to the patient and clinician in having consistent and uniform blood levels of medication over an extended period of time are likewise recognized. The advantages of a variety of controlled-release dosage forms are well known. Among the most important advantages are: (1) increased contact title for the drug to allow for local activity in the stomach, small intestine, colon, or other locus of activity; (2) increased and more efficient absorption for drugs which have specific absorption sites; (3) the ability to reduce the number of dosages per period of tune; (4) employment of less total drug; (5) minimization or elimination of local and/ or systemic side effects; (6) minimization of drug accumulation associated with chronic dosing; (7) improved efficiency' and safety of treatment; (8) reduced fluctuation of drug level; and (9) better patient compliance with overall disease management. In accordance with the present invention there is provided a pharmaceutical delivery package comprising fixed unit dose quantities of fixed quantities of two or more different active pharmaceutical ingredients (a) combined in a single delivery package,'\ and (b) segregated from one another within the package. Additionally, many experts believe controlled release drug delivery has many important non-therapeutic ramifications as well, including a financial saving to the patient in terms of fewer lost work days, reduced hospitalization and fewer visits to the physician. It is known that certam design parameters axe critical to proper drug delivery. Typically, they are: (1) delivering the drug to the target tissue; (2) supplying the drug for a predetermined period of time; and (3) fabricating a delivery system that provides drug in the desired spatial and temporal pattern. Controlled release drug delivery systems are interided to utilize these parameters to achieve the aforementioned advantages as compared to conventional pharmaceutical dosing. Previously direct placement of medication onto a substrate generally was limited to medical placement of large doses or required technology where the active pharmaceutical was mixeed with the substrate or matrix to provide differential delivery, or coated with a material with desired release characteristics. As used herein "controlled-release' is used to describe a system, i.e. method and materials for making an active ingredient available to the patient in accordance with a preselected condition, i.e. time, site, etc.. Controlled-release includes the use of instantaneous release, delayed release and sustained release. "Instantaneous release" refers to inunediate release to the patient. 'Delayed release" means the active ingredient is not made available until some time delay after administration. Typically," dosages are administered by oral ingestion, although other forms of administration are contemplated in accordance with the present invention. "Sustained release" refers to release of active ingredient whereby the level of active ingredient available to the patient is maintained at some level over a period of time. The method of effecting each type of release can be varied. For example, the active-ingredient can be placed on a semi-permeable membrane having predetermined diffusion, dissolution, erosion or breakdown characteristics. Alternatively, the active ingredient can be masked by a coating, a laminate, etc. Regardless of the method of providing the desired release pattern, the present invention contemplates delivery of a controlled-release system which utilizes one or more of tiie 'release" methods and materials. Moreover, the present invention advantageously call be employed in the development of multiple different release system(s). The patent and scientific literature is replete with various sustained release (SR) methods and materials. For common methods of obtaining SR systems, see 'Sustained and Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems," Robinson, Joseph R., Ed., PP138-171,1978, Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, NY. For example it is known to fill polymeric capsules with a solid, liquid, suspension or gel containing a therapeutic agent which is slowly released by diffusion through the capsule walls. Heterogeneous matrices, for example, conapressed tablets, control the release of their therapeutic agents either by , diffusion, erosion of tlie matrix or a corribination of both. Other SR systems focus on the fabrication of laminates of polymeric material and therapeutic agent which are then formed into a sandwich, relying on different diffusion or erosion rates to control release of the therapeutic agent. Liquid-liquid encapsulation in a viscous syrup-like solution of polymer also has been known to be useful in controlling release of the therapeutic agent. Additionally, it is generally known that heterogeneous dispersions or solutions of therapeutic agents in water-swellable hydrogen matrices are useful in controlling the release of the agent by slow surface-to-center swelling of the matrix and subsequent diffusion of the agent from the water-swollen part of the matrix. During dissolution of a controlled-release matrix tablet, the dosage form generally remains as a non-disintegrating, slowly eroding entity from which the therapeutic agent leaches out, through a diffusion controlled process. Conventional SR formulations are generally designed to release their active ingredients over an extended period of time, usually 8-24 hours. Conventional SR formulations use waxes or hydrophilic gums as the primary drug carriers to prolong the release of the active ingredients. Starch USP (potato or com) is commonly used as a component in conventional tablet or hard shell capsule formulations. The existing sustained release technologies generally involve relatively complicated formulations and manufacturing processes which often are difficult and expensive to precisely control. For example, one well known SR delivery system, OROS, marketed by the Alza Corporation involves laser drilling through a tablet to create passages for the release of the drug from the tablet core. In controlled release technologies, it is desirable to be able to incorporate the active ingredient in its controlied-release pattern in a single dosage unit without deteriorating the active ingredient. Moreover, the dosage unit should be able to deliver the system without interfering with-its release .pattern. Various methods have been devised to enable controlied-release systems to be delivered to a patient without destruction of the delivery system during manufacturing, handling and distribution. For example, controlied-release systems have been provided in the form of beads or particles which are packaged in a gelatin capsule for oral dosage. This method of delivery of the controlled-release system prevents damage to the coating on the beads. Furthermore, when controlied-release active ingredients are incorporated in compression tablets, it may be difficult for many people to swallow such tablets. Moreover, dissolution of high compression tablets often initially is slow and erratic and may result in localised hot spots of alimentary tract irritation where disintegration and release of the active ingredient finally occurs. And, present systems do not allow for the accurate deposition of doses of powdered medication onto different substrates either in single packets, layered packet, or multipackets on the same plane of the base substrate. The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by offering a simple and inexpensive means of incorporating active ingredient (the drug) with a multitude of controUed-release systems. In our earlier U.S. Patent 5,699,649, granted December 23,1997, we describe a method and apparatus for packaging microgram quantities of fine powders such as pharmaceuticals usmg electrostatic phototechnology techniques. More particularly, as described in our aforesaid U.S. Patent 5,699,64:9, the ability of powders to acquire an electrical charge advantageously is utilized for precisely measuring exact microgram quantities of the powder, whereupon these exact microgram quantities are then placed in individual containers, and the containers sealed. Electrostatic charge has been employed to attract a given quantity of powder to a surface. An example of this is the laser printer or the electrostatic . copy device where a drum is charged and toner particles are attracted and held in position by the charge. The charge on the drum is neutralized by the attracted toner powder, thus linxiting the amount of toner in accordance with the charge image on the drum. The charged powder on the printer drum, is then transferred to a sheet of paper or other carrier to give a final image. In our U.S. Patent 5,699,649, electrostatic charge technology is employed for transferring a predetermined amount of a finely powdered pharmaceutical or drug to a'carrier or an intermediate such as a drum, carrying a charge of predetermined intensity and area, rotating the charged drum surface, carrying the predetermined amount of powdered pharmaceutical or drug on its surface, to a transfer station where the charge is overcome and the dry powder is transferred to a package which is then sealed. In lieu of a drum, a belt, or other movable surface is charged to a given potential in a localized area. Alternatively, a predetermined amount of powdered pharmaceutical or drug may- be deposited directly in a package using electrostatic charge technology. When a given amount of a powdered pharmaceutical or drug is to be packaged, the charge and area of charge can be determined experimentally for each dose of pharmaceutical or drug and each particle size distribution. This can be done by controlling either the charged area for a given charge density or the total electrostatic charge on any individual charged area. These conditions can be adjusted to provide essentially the exact desired amount of the particular pharmaceutical or drug to be transferred at the transfer station. In our U.S. Application Serial No. 09/097,104, we describe another electrostatic charge technology which may be adopted to be used for measuring and packaging unit doses of a pharmaceutical or drug in a readily ingestible form, i.e. as a tablet or capsule. The technology thus described also perrxuts reproducible precise measurement and packaging of a pharmaceutical or drug, and which may be scaled from laboratory to pilot plant to full scale production without the need for recertification. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, controlled quantities of powdered medication are formed in controlled release packages using electrostatic metering technology. The present invention also provides, in another aspect, combination medication delivery systems in which the active ingredients are segregated from one another Further features and objects of the present invention will become clear from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like numerals depict like parts, and wherein: Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram showing the various steps involved in practicing the present invention; Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a controlled release tablet made in accordance with the present invention; Fig, 3 is a view, similar to Fig. 1, and showing alternative steps involved in practicing the present invention; Fig. 4 is a view, similar to Fig. 2, and showing an alternative form of a controlled release tablet made in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. % and showing yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 6 is a view, similar to Fig. 2, and showing yet another embodiment of the invention; and Figs. 7-9 are views similar to Fig. 2, and showing yet other embodiments of the present invention. Referring now to Fig. 1, there is a schematic flow diagram of the various pieces of equipment needed to perforin in the total process from powder supply to packaged pharmaceutical or drug, i.e. in controlled release tablet form, containing a specified amount of pharmaceutical or drug powder .in the tablet or package. At 16 is indicated the pharmaceutical or drug powder supply which is fed into a device 18 for creating an aerosol of the powder. Next the powder particles are ionized at 20. As will be indicated later, a number of these steps and pieces of equipment can be combined. At 24 is indicated a carrier surface capable of maintaining a space charge on its surface. This can be a plastic belt, for example, or a selenium drum of the type used in Xerox TM photocopiers. This carrier surface 24 is passed through a charging station 25 where a predetermined electrostatic charge 25A (an electrostatic 'image") is created on a predetermined area of the transfer ' surface. This charged surface 25A then passes through a step 26 wherein powder is deposited on the carrier surface in a sufficient amount 26A to neutralize the charge carried by the carrier surface. Thereafter, the carrier surface, carrying the predetermined amount 26A of powder on its surface, is passed to a powder discharging device 30 which discharges the powder 26A from the surface 24 onto a membrane 29. Alternatively, the powder may be placed directly onto the membrane 29. The membrane 29 containing its charge of powder 26A, then passes through a sealing step 32 wherein a second membrane 34 which may be porous, permeable or semi-permeable covers and seals the discharged powder 26A on the membrane 29. There is thus produced an aliquot of powdered medicine 26A sandwiched between semi-permeable or permeable membranes 29 and 34. This sandvvdched material is then passed to a cutting station 38 wherein the sandwich is cut into individual tablets or wafers 36. As mentioned previously in discussing Fig. 1, the carrier surface with the electrostatic charge carries a known amount of charge on its surface and the -polarity oi this charge is opposite to that oi the powder particles suspended in the chamber. The charged particles migrate to the charged surface because of the attraction by the opposite nature of the charges. This migration of the particles continues until the charge on the carrier surface is neutralized. The actual amount of powder mass transferred to the carrier surface is a function of the mass-to-charge ratio of the charged particles. Although it is difficult to achieve a linear relationship between the mass and the actual charge, it is possible to establish a fixed relationship between the surface area of the powder particles and the charge the powder particle is carrying at charge saturation. However, the surface area of a mixed group of powder particles of different sizes and shapes can be extremely difficult to calculate mathematically, particularly when the shapes are irregular, (e.g. non-spherical, microcrystalline, etc.) As mentioned earlier, the simplest method of determining the amount and area of charge to attract a given weight of particles is to estimate the correct area and charge and then apply the estimated charge to the estimated area on the carrier surface 24 and expose this selectively charged area to a mass of powder which has been ionized in the ionizing step. The amount of powder deposited can then be readily measured at the discharge step. Thereafter, either the size of the charged area or the amount of charge applied to the area at the charging station 25 can be adjusted upwardly or downwardly to provide the correct amount of charge, both in area and charge intensity for picking up a desired weight of oppositely charged powder. Likewise, using the technology of our copending application Serial No. 09/097,104, larger quantities of medication may be deposited. A feature and advantage of the present invention is to produce carefully controlled doses of controlled release medication. Electrostatic metering and packaging as above described permits exact dosing. And, by employing selected porous, permeable or semi-permeable membranes for encapsulating the powdered medicine aliquots, drug release rate and also site of drug release can be determined by adjusting membrane material and/or membrane thickness. The membranes should be formed of ingestible materials having a selected permeabilityporosity to fluids at a selected site or sites within the alimentaiy canal, so as to permit controlled release of the medication. By way of example, one or both membranes 19, 34 may comprise acid-dissoivable materials when it is desired to release the medication into the stomach or the membranes 29, 34 may be alkaline-dissolvable materials at differing pH's to release into chosen locations within the intestine. Porosity, membrane thickness, etc., may be selected to provide desired rate of dissolution at the site of interest. The invention is susceptible to modification. For example, referring to Figs. 3 and 4 by adding a second powdered medicine supply and discharge station (shown generally at 40), a two-component controlled release tablet 48 may be formed (see Fig. 4) incorporating two different powdered medicines 50,52, encapsulated between membranes 29 and 34 for simultaneous controlled release. Alternatively, as shown in Fig. 5, two different drugs 60, 62 may be layered on one another, separated by a membrane 64 so the tivo medications may be delivered sequentially either in the same location, or in different locations within the alimentary canal. Another feature and advantage of the multi-drug tablet of Fig, 4 and Fig. 5, as will be discussed in detail herein below, is that two normally incompatible drugs may be to be safely packaged in a single tablet. The invention is susceptible to modification. For example, individual doses may be formed by electrostatic deposition in accordance with U.S. Patent No. 5,714,007. Other possibilities are possible. For example, referring to Fig. 6, the tablet 70 may incorporate an adhesive layer 72 such as a mucosal adhesive, which in turn is covered by an acid or alkaline dissolvable protective membrane 74, which dissolves at a selected site allowing the adhesive to adliere, for example, to the intestinal wall, thereby increasing residence time of the medication in a chosen location. Alternatively, an acid or alkaline activatable adhesive may be applied to the outer surface of the tablet. In yet another possibility, the membrane may be a material which expands on contact with the acid or alkaline in the alimentary canal and becomes more porous whereb)^ to slowly release medication in a chosen location witiun the alimentary caiial. As mentioned above, a particular feature and advantage of the present invention is that it permits packaging, within a single tablet of two or more different drugs normally considered to be incompatible. Certain drugs are known to cause undesirable side effects which need to be countered by a second drug. For example. Omeprazole which finds substantial utility as an oral antiulcer agent, also is known to block the release of B12 from its protein binding site in food. This can lead to pernicious anemia. The present invention permits packaging of time-release Omeprazole with Vitamin B12 in an appropriate dosage of, e.g. 25μgm -1 mg. After taking the medication, one membrane will dissolve allowing absorption of the 612, while the remaining membrane package carrying the Omeprazole will pass into the small intestine where the drug is released and absorbed. The invention is susceptible to modification. For example, while the membranes have been described as being preformed, permeable, semipermeable or porous material, one or both membranes could be formed in place from a gel or liquid. The ability to accurately place the dose of medication onto a plurality of substrates and seal the dose with other membranes in accordance with the present invention, allows for the fabrication of many different dosage forms; by altering the substrates and encapsulating material a single unit dose form can be fabricated with a plurality of different drugs in different coverings, membranes and barriers. TWs will provide a single dosage form with multiple active ingredients each being delivered to the appropriate site for-absorption. Alternatively, two or more active medicaments may be combined in a smgle delivery container, i.e. pill, capsule or caplet without actually mixing the tivo or more ingredients. For example, referring to Fig. 7, the active ingredients are segregated from one another in a compartmentalized capsule 100. Alternatively, two or more tablets 102,104 each containing only one active ingredient, could be placed in a larger absorbable capsule or encased in a larger tablet 106. Or, as shown in Fig. 9, two or more active ingredients could each be formulated as encapsulated particles 108A, 108B, and the encapsulated mixed particles placed in a capsule 110 where the only contact is between the particle inert coatings, etc. There are many drugs which could benefit from combinatioms to improve patient benefit. However, with many active ingredients, there is a question of chemical interaction. Thus, several drugs are normally prescribed as separate tablets or capsules which presents a problem in terms of patient compliance, e.g. TB triple therapy, AIDS multi-drug therapy, anti-infectives, etc. Also, delivery of two ox more active medicaments could reduce side effects, and/or improve therapeutic response which may in turn permit a decrease in the required dosage. The combination of drugs of the present invention can be grouped into polypharmacy for a therapeutic area, and into polypharmacy for treatment of co-morbid diseases. The invention will now be described with reference to the following non-limiting examples, (1) Omeprazole, and analogs and isomers - As noted above Omeprazole is an inhibitor of gastric secretion and also inhibits the absorption of certain drugs/compounds that require stomach acid such as Vitamin B12, the deficit of which results in pernicious anemia, A combination of B12 with Omeprazole would eliminate the potential problem. (2) Valacyclovir- and analogs and is used to treat Herpes Zoster. It is well known that two drugs Cimetidine3 and Probenecid4 both increase the AUG (area under curve) and Cmax. A combination drug can be constructed with a combination of either one or more of these components to provide more efficacy. (3) Enalapril5 and analogs and isomers is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension. This drug has been used with the following and analogs and isomers beta adrenegic-blocking agents, methyldopa, nitrate, calcium blocking agents. Hydralazine5, Prazosin7 and Digoxin8 without clinically significant side effects. One or more of these agents may be combined with Enalapril to improve the compliance of patient with hypertension and hypertension and other cardiac diseases. (4) Ketoconazole5 and analogs and isomers is used to treat fungal infections. One of the side effects is the reduction of Testosterone. This side effect could be mitigated by the combination of Testosterone or one of its isomers or analogs to overcome the side effect. (5) Omeprazole5 and analogs and isomers is also used in combination with Clarithoromycin10 for ulcer treatment. These two drugs may be combined as a single dose for patient compliance. (6) Tamoxifen12 and analogs and isomers used in treatment of breast cancer has a +/- 30% incident of water retention with weight gain > 5%. This can be a disturbing consequence for patients with an even more disturing disease. The addition of a diuretic or combination diuretic provides a single dosage form for reduction in side effect and compliance. (7) Isotretinoin12 and analogs and isomers used for the treatment of postular acne has a severe danger if taken by a woman who is pregnant. The incorporation of oral contraceptive medication eliminates the potential for pregnancy while medicated. (8) Metformin HCP13 and analogs and isomers are hypoglycemic agents which have been used in combination with Sulfonylurea14 .and analogs . and isomers to'treat Type 2 Diabetes. These two agents act in different ways on-reducing glucose levels. A combination is helpful for those patients requiring more aggressive oral therapy for their diabetes. (9) This example provides various drug combinations for treating hypertension. Combinations for treating hypertension include: Combination # 1 Diuretic + Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) An example includes the following classes of diuretics: 1. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - e.g. Dichlorophenamide15. 2. Loop diuretics, e.g. Furosemide16. . 3. Potassium sparing diuretics, e.g. Aldactone17. 4. Thiazides and related drugs, e.g. Hydrochlorthiazide18 and Chlorthalidone19. 5. A diuretic which is already formulated as a combination diuretic, e.g. Aldactazide, a combination of Spironolactone10 (potassium sparing diuretic + hydrochlorothiazide). This combination makes use of the different methods of action of two different diuretics separated by a barrier from, an ACE inhibitor such as Enaiapril maleate21, Fosinoprii sodium22, or LisinopriP. Combination diuretics such as Zestoretic AstraZeneca a combination of Lisinopril22 10 or 20 mg and Hydrochlorthiazide17 12.5 or 25 mg, exist in tablet form comprising mixed active ingredients in the pill or tablet form. The present invention segregates the Lisinopril and Hydrochlorthiazide, In accordance with the present invention, we can form e.g. 10 mg and 20 mg Listnopril22 pills, and 12.5 and 25 mg Hydrochlorthiazide17 pills and then put them together with a barrier between two active ingredients. Pills can be in the form of tablets, pills, capsules or other solid oral dosage forms. Combination # 2 Ditiretic + Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Diuretics as described in combination drug # 1 plus an angiotensin 11 receptor antagonist such as Losartan potassium24 and/or Valsartan25. These combinations also permit administration of two or more drugs which, if in direct contact, have an unacceptable reaction. Combination # 3 Diuretic + Beta Adrenergic Blocking Agent Diuretic as described in combination #1; plus a beta adrenergic blocking agent such as Bioprolol fumaxate24 or Metoprolol sucdnate27. Combination # 4 Diuretic + Calcium chanel block Diuretic as described in combination #1, plus a Calcium chanel block such as Amlodipine23 or Nifedipines29. Combination # 5 Diuretic + Periferal Adrenergic Blocking Agent Diuretic as described in #11, plus a periferal adrenergic blocking agent such as: Prazosin hydrocliloride7. Combination # 6 Diuretic -t- Adrenergic central stimulant Diuretic as described in #1, plus an adrenergic central stimulant such as: Methyldopa20 or Clonidine31. Combination # 7 Diuretic + Endothelin A This is a new class of drugs. The drug barrier system of the present invention allows further drug combinations such as a Calcium chanel block combined with: beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, long acting nitrates, Digoxin8, oral hypoglycemic drugs as well as multiple combinations, and combinations with a diuretic and combination drugs # 2, 3,4 or more of the above-mentioned compounds. Combination #8 ACE Inhibitors + Beta Blockers thedrug barrier system of thepresent invention also allows drug combinations such as ACE Inhibitors combined with Beta blockers, methyldopa nitrates, calcium channel blockers. Hydralazine6, Prazosin7, Digoxin8 as well as multiple combinations, and combinations with a diuretic and combination drugs # 2, 3, 4 or more of the above-mentioned compounds. (10) This example provides various drug combinations for treating diabetes. Combination # 9 Biguanide such as Metaformin13 with a sulfonylurea such as Glipizide32. Combination # 10 Biguanide such as Metaf ormin13 with a thiazolidinedione such as Rosiglitazone maleate33. Combination #11 Metaformin13 with an alpha glucosidase inhibitor such as Cerivastatin34. Combination # 12 Short acting oral insulin with sustained release oral insulin. (11) This example provides various drug combinations for treating hyperlipidemia. Combination # 13 HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor such as Simvastatin35, Atorvastatin36 or Pravastatin32 with a bile acid sequestrant such as Colestipol hydrochloride38. Combination # 14 A HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with a niacin compound. Combination # 15 A HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor or combination #14 with a hypohpidemia agent such as Gemfibrozil39. (12) This example provides various drug combinations for treating congestive heart failure. Combination # 16 Digitalis plus an ACE inhibitor with or without a diuretic, and - optionally including a beta blocker. Combination # 17 Digitalis plus any of the combination drugs #l-#7. (13) This example provides various drug combinations for treating asthma/allergy Combination # 18 Rapid onset anti-histamine plus sustained release anti-histamine. Combination # 19 Antihistamine plus Leukotriene modifier, such as Loratadine40 plus Montelukast41. (14) This example provides a drug combination for treating migraine. Combination # 20 Rapid acting 5-HTl receptor agonist such as Naxatriptin HCl42 plus a long acting 5-HTl receptor agonist such as Sumatriptan45. (15) This example provides a drug combination for treating post operative/post-chemotherapy nausea. Combination # 21 Anti-nausea such as Doperidol44 plus steroid such as Dexamethasone45. (16) This example provides various drug combinations for treating gastric/ duodenial ulcer. Combination # 22 Quick onset H blocker such as Famotidine46 plus a proton pump inhibitor such as Omeprazole1 Combination # 3 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine (Prozac47) and Aminoketon - Buptopion48. (17) This example provides a drug combination for treating HIV. Combination # 24 Protease inhibitor - Indinavir (Crixivan49) plus nuclear reverse transcriptase inhibitor - Efavirenz (Sustiva50) plus third drug, i.e. 2nd NRTI-Ziduvudine51 or Azidothymidine52. (18) This example provides various drug combinations for treating anti-rejection cocktail after organ transplant. Combination # 25 Cyclosporine53 plus steroid - Prednisones54. Combination # 26 Combination drug # 25 plus PPI/H2 for ulcer prevention -Omeprazole2. (19) This example provides a drug combination for treating infections with combination therapy such as tuberculosis. Combination_#27 Triple combination Isoniazid55 and Pyrazidamide56 and Rifampin57. (20) This example provides a polypharmacy for treatment of co- morbid diseases. Combination # 28 80% + of diabetics are also hypertensive. Therefore a combination of any of combination drugs # 7-12 which are the combinations for control of the diabetes with any of combination drugs #1-7 ox the single component medicaments used in the anti-hypertensive combinations. Combination # 29 Hyperlipidemia is frequently concurrent with cardiac disease therefore any of combination drugs # 13-17 plus any of combination drugs # 1-7. (21) This example provides a poly pharmacy for treatment of Angina. Combination #30 A Calcium channel block such as Nifedipines38 plus a vasodilator such as nitroglycerin. (22) Tills example provides a polypharmacy for treatment of seizure disorders. Combination #31 . A Gamma Aminobutyric analog such as Gabapentin58 or a Gamma Aminobutyric stimulator such as Divalproex Sodium59 plus a Benzodiazepine such as .Alprazolam60. (23) This example provides various drug combinations for treating pain and the side effects of opioids: Combination #32 An opioid and a non-opioid analgesic such as codeine and acetominophine. Combination #33 An opioid and an antiemetic. Combination #34 An opioid and a bowel softener or evacuant. (24) This example provides polypharmacy for eliminating or minimizing gastric irritation caused by a primary drug. Combination #35 A cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor such as Celecoxib67 plus Omeprazole2. Combination #36 An anti-inflammatory such as Naproxen62 plus Omeprazole1. (25) This example provides polypharmacy for countering the effect of long term use of Prednisones54. Combination #37 Prednisones54 plus testosterone to prevent muscle mass loss. Combination #38 Prednisones54 plus estrogen or progesterone to prevent bone mass loss, It is also possible to package two or more doses oi the same active ingredient in slow and fast release forms. (26) This example provides polypharmacy for treating anxiety or panic disorder. Combination #39 A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor such as Paroxetines63 plus a Benzodiazepine such as Lorazepam54. Combination #40 An aminoketone such as Bupropion's plus Lorazepam64. Various analogs and isomers of the foregoing drugs also advantageiously may be employed. It should be noted that certain combination drugs, including some of the above-listed combination drugs, also may be blended and packaged in a single tablet or capsule, when chemical interaction is not a problem. The present invention also allows for the rapid production of different dosage medications using the same active ingredient, and allows for the development of medications with longer resident tinae. Metformin: N,N-dimethylimidodcarbonimidic diamide hydrochloride. Sulfonylurea: l-[[P-[2-(5-chloro-o-anisainido) ethyl] phenyl] sulfonyl-]-3-cyclohexylure. . Dichlorophenamide: 4,5-dichloro-l;3- benzenedisulfonaxnide. Pyrazinamide: pyrazinecarboxamide. Rifampin: 3-(4-methyl-l-piperazinyl-iminomethyl)-rifamycin Gabapeutm: l-(aminomethyl)cyclohexanacetic acid. Divalproex Sodium: sodium hydrogen bis (2-propylpentanoate). Alprazolam: 8-Chloro-l-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo [4,3-a][l,4] benzodiazepine. Celecoxib: 4-[5-(4r-methylphenyl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl] benzenesulfonamide. Naproxen: 2-naphthaleneacetic acid, 5 methoxy- a-methyl-,(+). Paroxetine available as Immediate-Release Tablets and Oral Suspension as: (-)-trans-4R-(4'-fluorophenyl)-3S-[(3,4'--methylenedioxyphenoxy) methyl] piperidine hydrochloride hemihydrate and as Contivlled-Release Tablets as: (-) - (3S,4R)-4-[(p-fluorophenyl)-3-[(3,4-methylenedioxy) phenoxy]methyl]piperidine hydrochloride hemiliydrate. Lorazepam: 7-chloro-5-(0-chlorophenyl)-l,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2H-l,4-benzo-diazepin-2-one. Bupropion: (±)-l-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-[(l,l-dimethylethyl)amino]-l-propanone hydrochloride. CLAIMS 1. A controlled release pharmaceutical delivery package comprising a unit aliquot dose of a pharmaceutical electrostatically deposited on a porous, permeable or semi-permeable ingestible membrane. 2. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to claim 1, wherein said membrane comprises an acid-dissolvable material. 3. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to claim 1, wherein said membrane comprises an alkali-dissolvable material. 4. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to claim 1, and comprising two or more pharmaceuticals deposited on said membrane, and separated from one another by one or more barriers or membranes. 5. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to claim 1, and further comprising an adhesive on the outer surface of the membrane. 6. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to claim 5, wherein the adhesive is acid or alkylene activatable. 7. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to claim 5, and further comprising an alkali or acidic dissolvable membrane covering the adhesive. 8. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to claim 1, wherein said membrane comprises a material which expands upon contact with acid or alkaline in the alimentary canal, whereby to become more porous, 9. A pharmaceutical delivery package comprising two or more active pharmaceuticals (a) combined in a single delivery package, and (b) segregated from one another, wherein said single delivery package comprises an unitary structure for repeatable administration of fixed quantities of said two or more active ingredients to the user. 10. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to claim 9, wherein said active ingredients are segregated from one another in a compartmentalized capsule or a tablet. 11. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to claim 9, wherein said pharmaceuticals are deposited on a porous, permeable or semi-permeable ingestible membrane, and segregated from one another by one or more barriers or membranes. 12. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to claim 9, wherein said pharmaceuticals are encapsulated within inert coatings. 13. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of Ketoconazole and testosterone. 14. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of Valacylovir and one or both of Cimetidine and Probenecid. 15. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of Enalapril and a beta adrenergic-blocking agent, methyldopa, nitrate, a calcium blocking agent, hydrazine, Prazosin or Digoxin. 16. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of Omeprazole and B12. 17. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of Omeprazole and Clarithoromycin. 18. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of Tamoxifen and a diuretic. 19. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of Isotretinoin and an oral contraceptive. 20. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of Metformin HCI and Solfonylurea. 21. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a diuretic and an Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor). 22. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a diuretic and an Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist, 23. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a diuretic and a Beta Adrenergic Blocking Agent. 24. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a diuretic and a Calcium channel block. 25. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a diuretic and a Periferal Adrenergic Blocking Agent. 26. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a diuretic and an Adrenergic central stimulant. 27. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a diuretic and Endothelin A. 28. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an ACE inhibitor and a beta blocker. 29. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a biguanide and a sulfonylurea. 30. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a biguanide and a thiazolidinedione. 31. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of Metaformin and an alpha glucosidase inhibitor. 32. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a short acting oral insulin with a sustained release oral insulin. 33. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with a bile acid sequestrant. 34. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with a niacin compound. 35. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with a hypolipidemia agent. 36. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, a niacin compound and a hypolipidemia agent. 37. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of digitalis plus an ACE inhibitor. 38. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of digitalis plus an ACE inhibitor and a diuretic. 39. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of digitalis plus an ACE inhibitor, a diuretic and a beta blocker. 40. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a rapid onset anti-histamine plus a sustained release anti-histamine. 41. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an antihistamine plus a Leukotriene modifier. 42. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a rapid acting 5-HTl receptor agonist plus a long acting 5-HTl receptor agonist, 43. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an anti-nausea plus a steroid. 44. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a quick onset H blocker plus a proton pump inhibitor. 45. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine and an Aminoketon. 46. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a protease inhibitor plus a nuclear reverse transcriptase inhibitor plus 2nd NRTI-Ziduvudine or Azidothymidine. 47. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of cyclosporine plus a steroid. 48. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of cyclosporine plus a steroid, plus a PP1/H2. 49. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of Isoniazid, Pyrazidamide and Rifampin. 50. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a Calcium channel block plus a vasodilator. 51. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a Gamma Aminobutyric analog or a Gamma Aminobutyric stimulator plus a Benzodiazepine. 52. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an opioid and a non-opioid analgesic. 53. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an opioid and an antiemetic. 54. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an opioid and a bowel softener or evacuant. 55. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor plus Omeprazole. 56. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an anti-inflammatory plus Omeprazole. 57. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of prednisone plus testosterone. 58. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of prednisone plus estrogen. 59. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor plus a benzodiazepine. 60. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an aminoketone plus Lorazepam. 61. A pharmaceutical delivery package as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 19, and further including digitalis. 62. A pharmaceutical delivery package as claimed in any one of claims 20 to 24, and further including a combination of any of the combinations of any one of claims 13 to 19. 63. A pharmaceutical delivery package as claimed in any one of claims 5 25 to 29, and further including a combination of any of the combinations of any one of claims 13 to 19.

Full Text

METERING AND PACKAGING OF CONTROLLED
RELEASE MEDICATION
The present invention relates to the metering and packaging of precise quantities of pharmaceuticals and drugs for medical uses. The invention has particular utility in the metering and packaging of combinations of two or more pharmaceuticals and drugs for the same or co-morbid therapy, and will be described in connection with such utility-, although other utilities are contemplated.
The convenience of administering a single dose of a medication which releases multiple active ingredients in a controlled fashion and in a chosen location over an extended period of time, as opposed to the administration of a number of single doses at regular intervals, has long been recognized in the pharmaceutical arts. The advantage to the patient and clinician in having consistent and uniform blood levels of medication over an extended period of time are likewise recognized. The advantages of a variety of controlled-release dosage forms are well known. Among the most important advantages are: (1) increased contact title for the drug to allow for local activity in the stomach, small intestine, colon, or other locus of activity; (2) increased and more efficient absorption for drugs which have specific absorption sites; (3) the ability to reduce the number of dosages per period of tune; (4) employment of less total drug; (5) minimization or elimination of local and/ or systemic side effects; (6) minimization of drug accumulation associated with chronic dosing; (7) improved efficiency' and safety of treatment; (8) reduced fluctuation of drug level; and (9) better patient compliance with overall disease management.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a pharmaceutical delivery package comprising fixed unit dose quantities of fixed quantities of two or more different active pharmaceutical ingredients (a) combined in a single delivery package,'\ and (b) segregated from one another within the package.

Additionally, many experts believe controlled release drug delivery has many important non-therapeutic ramifications as well, including a financial saving to the patient in terms of fewer lost work days, reduced hospitalization and fewer visits to the physician.
It is known that certam design parameters axe critical to proper drug delivery. Typically, they are: (1) delivering the drug to the target tissue; (2) supplying the drug for a predetermined period of time; and (3) fabricating a delivery system that provides drug in the desired spatial and temporal pattern. Controlled release drug delivery systems are interided to utilize these parameters to achieve the aforementioned advantages as compared to conventional pharmaceutical dosing.
Previously direct placement of medication onto a substrate generally was limited to medical placement of large doses or required technology where the active pharmaceutical was mixeed with the substrate or matrix to provide differential delivery, or coated with a material with desired release characteristics.
As used herein "controlled-release' is used to describe a system, i.e. method and materials for making an active ingredient available to the patient in accordance with a preselected condition, i.e. time, site, etc.. Controlled-release includes the use of instantaneous release, delayed release and sustained release. "Instantaneous release" refers to inunediate release to the patient. 'Delayed release" means the active ingredient is not made available until some time delay after administration. Typically," dosages are administered by oral ingestion, although other forms of administration are contemplated in accordance with the present invention. "Sustained release" refers to release of active ingredient whereby the level of active ingredient available to the patient is maintained at some level over a period of time. The method of effecting each type of release can be varied. For example, the

active-ingredient can be placed on a semi-permeable membrane having predetermined diffusion, dissolution, erosion or breakdown characteristics.
Alternatively, the active ingredient can be masked by a coating, a laminate, etc. Regardless of the method of providing the desired release pattern, the present invention contemplates delivery of a controlled-release system which utilizes one or more of tiie 'release" methods and materials. Moreover, the present invention advantageously call be employed in the development of multiple different release system(s).
The patent and scientific literature is replete with various sustained release (SR) methods and materials. For common methods of obtaining SR systems, see 'Sustained and Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems," Robinson, Joseph R., Ed., PP138-171,1978, Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, NY. For example it is known to fill polymeric capsules with a solid, liquid, suspension or gel containing a therapeutic agent which is slowly released by diffusion through the capsule walls. Heterogeneous matrices, for example, conapressed tablets, control the release of their therapeutic agents either by , diffusion, erosion of tlie matrix or a corribination of both. Other SR systems focus on the fabrication of laminates of polymeric material and therapeutic agent which are then formed into a sandwich, relying on different diffusion or erosion rates to control release of the therapeutic agent. Liquid-liquid encapsulation in a viscous syrup-like solution of polymer also has been known to be useful in controlling release of the therapeutic agent. Additionally, it is generally known that heterogeneous dispersions or solutions of therapeutic agents in water-swellable hydrogen matrices are useful in controlling the release of the agent by slow surface-to-center swelling of the matrix and subsequent diffusion of the agent from the water-swollen part of the matrix.
During dissolution of a controlled-release matrix tablet, the dosage form generally remains as a non-disintegrating, slowly eroding entity from

which the therapeutic agent leaches out, through a diffusion controlled process. Conventional SR formulations are generally designed to release their active ingredients over an extended period of time, usually 8-24 hours. Conventional SR formulations use waxes or hydrophilic gums as the primary drug carriers to prolong the release of the active ingredients.
Starch USP (potato or com) is commonly used as a component in conventional tablet or hard shell capsule formulations.
The existing sustained release technologies generally involve relatively complicated formulations and manufacturing processes which often are difficult and expensive to precisely control. For example, one well known SR delivery system, OROS, marketed by the Alza Corporation involves laser drilling through a tablet to create passages for the release of the drug from the tablet core. In controlled release technologies, it is desirable to be able to incorporate the active ingredient in its controlied-release pattern in a single dosage unit without deteriorating the active ingredient. Moreover, the dosage unit should be able to deliver the system without interfering with-its release .pattern.
Various methods have been devised to enable controlied-release systems to be delivered to a patient without destruction of the delivery system during manufacturing, handling and distribution. For example, controlied-release systems have been provided in the form of beads or particles which are packaged in a gelatin capsule for oral dosage. This method of delivery of the controlled-release system prevents damage to the coating on the beads.
Furthermore, when controlied-release active ingredients are incorporated in compression tablets, it may be difficult for many people to swallow such tablets. Moreover, dissolution of high compression tablets often initially is slow and erratic and may result in localised hot spots of alimentary tract irritation where disintegration and release of the active ingredient finally

occurs. And, present systems do not allow for the accurate deposition of doses of powdered medication onto different substrates either in single packets, layered packet, or multipackets on the same plane of the base substrate. The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by offering a simple and inexpensive means of incorporating active ingredient (the drug) with a multitude of controUed-release systems.
In our earlier U.S. Patent 5,699,649, granted December 23,1997, we describe a method and apparatus for packaging microgram quantities of fine powders such as pharmaceuticals usmg electrostatic phototechnology techniques. More particularly, as described in our aforesaid U.S. Patent 5,699,64:9, the ability of powders to acquire an electrical charge advantageously is utilized for precisely measuring exact microgram quantities of the powder, whereupon these exact microgram quantities are then placed in individual containers, and the containers sealed.
Electrostatic charge has been employed to attract a given quantity of powder to a surface. An example of this is the laser printer or the electrostatic . copy device where a drum is charged and toner particles are attracted and held in position by the charge. The charge on the drum is neutralized by the attracted toner powder, thus linxiting the amount of toner in accordance with the charge image on the drum. The charged powder on the printer drum, is then transferred to a sheet of paper or other carrier to give a final image. In our U.S. Patent 5,699,649, electrostatic charge technology is employed for transferring a predetermined amount of a finely powdered pharmaceutical or drug to a'carrier or an intermediate such as a drum, carrying a charge of predetermined intensity and area, rotating the charged drum surface, carrying the predetermined amount of powdered pharmaceutical or drug on its surface, to a transfer station where the charge is overcome and the dry powder is transferred to a package which is then sealed. In lieu of a drum, a belt, or other movable surface is charged to a given potential in a localized

area. Alternatively, a predetermined amount of powdered pharmaceutical or drug may- be deposited directly in a package using electrostatic charge technology.
When a given amount of a powdered pharmaceutical or drug is to be packaged, the charge and area of charge can be determined experimentally for each dose of pharmaceutical or drug and each particle size distribution. This can be done by controlling either the charged area for a given charge density or the total electrostatic charge on any individual charged area. These conditions can be adjusted to provide essentially the exact desired amount of the particular pharmaceutical or drug to be transferred at the transfer station.
In our U.S. Application Serial No. 09/097,104, we describe another electrostatic charge technology which may be adopted to be used for measuring and packaging unit doses of a pharmaceutical or drug in a readily ingestible form, i.e. as a tablet or capsule. The technology thus described also perrxuts reproducible precise measurement and packaging of a pharmaceutical or drug, and which may be scaled from laboratory to pilot plant to full scale production without the need for recertification.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, controlled quantities of powdered medication are formed in controlled release packages using electrostatic metering technology. The present invention also provides, in another aspect, combination medication delivery systems in which the active ingredients are segregated from one another
Further features and objects of the present invention will become clear from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like numerals depict like parts, and wherein:
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram showing the various steps involved in practicing the present invention;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a controlled release tablet made in accordance with the present invention;
Fig, 3 is a view, similar to Fig. 1, and showing alternative steps involved in practicing the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a view, similar to Fig. 2, and showing an alternative form of a controlled release tablet made in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. % and showing yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a view, similar to Fig. 2, and showing yet another embodiment of the invention; and
Figs. 7-9 are views similar to Fig. 2, and showing yet other embodiments of the present invention.
Referring now to Fig. 1, there is a schematic flow diagram of the various pieces of equipment needed to perforin in the total process from powder supply to packaged pharmaceutical or drug, i.e. in controlled release tablet form, containing a specified amount of pharmaceutical or drug powder .in the tablet or package. At 16 is indicated the pharmaceutical or drug powder supply which is fed into a device 18 for creating an aerosol of the powder. Next the powder particles are ionized at 20. As will be indicated later, a number of these steps and pieces of equipment can be combined. At 24 is indicated a carrier surface capable of maintaining a space charge on its surface. This can be a plastic belt, for example, or a selenium drum of the type used in Xerox TM photocopiers. This carrier surface 24 is passed through a charging station 25 where a predetermined electrostatic charge 25A (an electrostatic 'image") is created on a predetermined area of the transfer ' surface. This charged surface 25A then passes through a step 26 wherein powder is deposited on the carrier surface in a sufficient amount 26A to neutralize the charge carried by the carrier surface. Thereafter, the carrier surface, carrying the predetermined amount 26A of powder on its surface, is

passed to a powder discharging device 30 which discharges the powder 26A from the surface 24 onto a membrane 29. Alternatively, the powder may be placed directly onto the membrane 29. The membrane 29 containing its charge of powder 26A, then passes through a sealing step 32 wherein a second membrane 34 which may be porous, permeable or semi-permeable covers and seals the discharged powder 26A on the membrane 29. There is thus produced an aliquot of powdered medicine 26A sandwiched between semi-permeable or permeable membranes 29 and 34.
This sandvvdched material is then passed to a cutting station 38 wherein the sandwich is cut into individual tablets or wafers 36.
As mentioned previously in discussing Fig. 1, the carrier surface with the electrostatic charge carries a known amount of charge on its surface and the -polarity oi this charge is opposite to that oi the powder particles suspended in the chamber. The charged particles migrate to the charged surface because of the attraction by the opposite nature of the charges. This migration of the particles continues until the charge on the carrier surface is neutralized.
The actual amount of powder mass transferred to the carrier surface is a function of the mass-to-charge ratio of the charged particles. Although it is difficult to achieve a linear relationship between the mass and the actual charge, it is possible to establish a fixed relationship between the surface area of the powder particles and the charge the powder particle is carrying at charge saturation. However, the surface area of a mixed group of powder particles of different sizes and shapes can be extremely difficult to calculate mathematically, particularly when the shapes are irregular, (e.g. non-spherical, microcrystalline, etc.) As mentioned earlier, the simplest method of determining the amount and area of charge to attract a given weight of particles is to estimate the correct area and charge and then apply the estimated charge to the estimated area on the carrier surface 24 and expose

this selectively charged area to a mass of powder which has been ionized in the ionizing step. The amount of powder deposited can then be readily measured at the discharge step. Thereafter, either the size of the charged area or the amount of charge applied to the area at the charging station 25 can be adjusted upwardly or downwardly to provide the correct amount of charge, both in area and charge intensity for picking up a desired weight of oppositely charged powder. Likewise, using the technology of our copending application Serial No. 09/097,104, larger quantities of medication may be deposited.
A feature and advantage of the present invention is to produce carefully controlled doses of controlled release medication. Electrostatic metering and packaging as above described permits exact dosing. And, by employing selected porous, permeable or semi-permeable membranes for encapsulating the powdered medicine aliquots, drug release rate and also site of drug release can be determined by adjusting membrane material and/or membrane thickness.
The membranes should be formed of ingestible materials having a selected permeabilityporosity to fluids at a selected site or sites within the alimentaiy canal, so as to permit controlled release of the medication. By way of example, one or both membranes 19, 34 may comprise acid-dissoivable materials when it is desired to release the medication into the stomach or the membranes 29, 34 may be alkaline-dissolvable materials at differing pH's to release into chosen locations within the intestine. Porosity, membrane thickness, etc., may be selected to provide desired rate of dissolution at the site of interest.
The invention is susceptible to modification. For example, referring to Figs. 3 and 4 by adding a second powdered medicine supply and discharge station (shown generally at 40), a two-component controlled release tablet 48 may be formed (see Fig. 4) incorporating two different powdered medicines

50,52, encapsulated between membranes 29 and 34 for simultaneous controlled release.
Alternatively, as shown in Fig. 5, two different drugs 60, 62 may be layered on one another, separated by a membrane 64 so the tivo medications may be delivered sequentially either in the same location, or in different locations within the alimentary canal. Another feature and advantage of the multi-drug tablet of Fig, 4 and Fig. 5, as will be discussed in detail herein below, is that two normally incompatible drugs may be to be safely packaged in a single tablet.
The invention is susceptible to modification. For example, individual doses may be formed by electrostatic deposition in accordance with U.S. Patent No. 5,714,007.
Other possibilities are possible. For example, referring to Fig. 6, the tablet 70 may incorporate an adhesive layer 72 such as a mucosal adhesive, which in turn is covered by an acid or alkaline dissolvable protective membrane 74, which dissolves at a selected site allowing the adhesive to adliere, for example, to the intestinal wall, thereby increasing residence time of the medication in a chosen location. Alternatively, an acid or alkaline activatable adhesive may be applied to the outer surface of the tablet. In yet another possibility, the membrane may be a material which expands on contact with the acid or alkaline in the alimentary canal and becomes more porous whereb)^ to slowly release medication in a chosen location witiun the alimentary caiial.
As mentioned above, a particular feature and advantage of the present invention is that it permits packaging, within a single tablet of two or more different drugs normally considered to be incompatible. Certain drugs are known to cause undesirable side effects which need to be countered by a second drug. For example. Omeprazole which finds substantial utility as an oral antiulcer agent, also is known to block the release of B12 from its protein

binding site in food. This can lead to pernicious anemia. The present invention permits packaging of time-release Omeprazole with Vitamin B12 in an appropriate dosage of, e.g. 25μgm -1 mg. After taking the medication, one membrane will dissolve allowing absorption of the 612, while the remaining membrane package carrying the Omeprazole will pass into the small intestine where the drug is released and absorbed.
The invention is susceptible to modification. For example, while the membranes have been described as being preformed, permeable, semipermeable or porous material, one or both membranes could be formed in place from a gel or liquid.
The ability to accurately place the dose of medication onto a plurality of substrates and seal the dose with other membranes in accordance with the present invention, allows for the fabrication of many different dosage forms; by altering the substrates and encapsulating material a single unit dose form can be fabricated with a plurality of different drugs in different coverings, membranes and barriers. TWs will provide a single dosage form with multiple active ingredients each being delivered to the appropriate site for-absorption. Alternatively, two or more active medicaments may be combined in a smgle delivery container, i.e. pill, capsule or caplet without actually mixing the tivo or more ingredients. For example, referring to Fig. 7, the active ingredients are segregated from one another in a compartmentalized capsule 100. Alternatively, two or more tablets 102,104 each containing only one active ingredient, could be placed in a larger absorbable capsule or encased in a larger tablet 106. Or, as shown in Fig. 9, two or more active ingredients could each be formulated as encapsulated particles 108A, 108B, and the encapsulated mixed particles placed in a capsule 110 where the only contact is between the particle inert coatings, etc.
There are many drugs which could benefit from combinatioms to improve patient benefit. However, with many active ingredients, there is a

question of chemical interaction. Thus, several drugs are normally prescribed as separate tablets or capsules which presents a problem in terms of patient compliance, e.g. TB triple therapy, AIDS multi-drug therapy, anti-infectives, etc. Also, delivery of two ox more active medicaments could reduce side effects, and/or improve therapeutic response which may in turn permit a decrease in the required dosage.
The combination of drugs of the present invention can be grouped into polypharmacy for a therapeutic area, and into polypharmacy for treatment of co-morbid diseases. The invention will now be described with reference to the following non-limiting examples,
(1) Omeprazole, and analogs and isomers - As noted above Omeprazole is an inhibitor of gastric secretion and also inhibits the absorption of certain drugs/compounds that require stomach acid such as Vitamin B12, the deficit of which results in pernicious anemia, A combination of B12 with Omeprazole would eliminate the potential problem.
(2) Valacyclovir- and analogs and is used to treat Herpes Zoster. It is well known that two drugs Cimetidine3 and Probenecid4 both increase the AUG (area under curve) and Cmax. A combination drug can be constructed with a combination of either one or more of these components to provide more efficacy.
(3) Enalapril5 and analogs and isomers is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension. This drug has been used with the following and analogs and isomers beta adrenegic-blocking agents, methyldopa, nitrate, calcium blocking agents. Hydralazine5, Prazosin7 and Digoxin8 without clinically significant side effects. One or more of these agents may be combined with Enalapril to improve the compliance of patient with hypertension and hypertension and other cardiac diseases.
(4) Ketoconazole5 and analogs and isomers is used to treat fungal infections. One of the side effects is the reduction of Testosterone. This side

effect could be mitigated by the combination of Testosterone or one of its isomers or analogs to overcome the side effect.
(5) Omeprazole5 and analogs and isomers is also used in combination with Clarithoromycin10 for ulcer treatment. These two drugs may be combined as a single dose for patient compliance.
(6) Tamoxifen12 and analogs and isomers used in treatment of breast cancer has a +/- 30% incident of water retention with weight gain > 5%. This can be a disturbing consequence for patients with an even more disturing disease. The addition of a diuretic or combination diuretic provides a single dosage form for reduction in side effect and compliance.
(7) Isotretinoin12 and analogs and isomers used for the treatment of postular acne has a severe danger if taken by a woman who is pregnant. The incorporation of oral contraceptive medication eliminates the potential for pregnancy while medicated.
(8) Metformin HCP13 and analogs and isomers are hypoglycemic agents which have been used in combination with Sulfonylurea14 .and analogs
. and isomers to'treat Type 2 Diabetes. These two agents act in different ways on-reducing glucose levels. A combination is helpful for those patients requiring more aggressive oral therapy for their diabetes.
(9) This example provides various drug combinations for treating
hypertension.
Combinations for treating hypertension include:
Combination # 1 Diuretic + Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
(ACE inhibitor)
An example includes the following classes of diuretics:
1. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - e.g. Dichlorophenamide15.
2. Loop diuretics, e.g. Furosemide16.
. 3. Potassium sparing diuretics, e.g. Aldactone17.

4. Thiazides and related drugs, e.g. Hydrochlorthiazide18 and Chlorthalidone19.
5. A diuretic which is already formulated as a combination diuretic, e.g. Aldactazide, a combination of Spironolactone10 (potassium sparing diuretic + hydrochlorothiazide). This combination makes use of the different methods of action of two different diuretics separated by a barrier from, an ACE inhibitor such as Enaiapril maleate21, Fosinoprii sodium22, or LisinopriP.
Combination diuretics such as Zestoretic AstraZeneca a combination of Lisinopril22 10 or 20 mg and Hydrochlorthiazide17 12.5 or 25 mg, exist in tablet form comprising mixed active ingredients in the pill or tablet form. The present invention segregates the Lisinopril and Hydrochlorthiazide,
In accordance with the present invention, we can form e.g. 10 mg and 20 mg Listnopril22 pills, and 12.5 and 25 mg Hydrochlorthiazide17 pills and then put them together with a barrier between two active ingredients. Pills can be in the form of tablets, pills, capsules or other solid oral dosage forms.
Combination # 2 Ditiretic + Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist
Diuretics as described in combination drug # 1 plus an angiotensin 11 receptor antagonist such as Losartan potassium24 and/or Valsartan25.
These combinations also permit administration of two or more drugs which, if in direct contact, have an unacceptable reaction.
Combination # 3 Diuretic + Beta Adrenergic Blocking Agent
Diuretic as described in combination #1; plus a beta adrenergic blocking agent such as Bioprolol fumaxate24 or Metoprolol sucdnate27.
Combination # 4 Diuretic + Calcium chanel block
Diuretic as described in combination #1, plus a Calcium chanel block such as Amlodipine23 or Nifedipines29.
Combination # 5 Diuretic + Periferal Adrenergic Blocking Agent

Diuretic as described in #11, plus a periferal adrenergic blocking agent such as: Prazosin hydrocliloride7.
Combination # 6 Diuretic -t- Adrenergic central stimulant
Diuretic as described in #1, plus an adrenergic central stimulant such as: Methyldopa20 or Clonidine31.
Combination # 7 Diuretic + Endothelin A
This is a new class of drugs.
The drug barrier system of the present invention allows further drug combinations such as a Calcium chanel block combined with: beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, long acting nitrates, Digoxin8, oral hypoglycemic drugs as well as multiple combinations, and combinations with a diuretic and combination drugs # 2, 3,4 or more of the above-mentioned compounds.
Combination #8 ACE Inhibitors + Beta Blockers
thedrug barrier system of thepresent invention also allows drug combinations such as ACE Inhibitors combined with Beta blockers, methyldopa nitrates, calcium channel blockers. Hydralazine6, Prazosin7, Digoxin8 as well as multiple combinations, and combinations with a diuretic and combination drugs # 2, 3, 4 or more of the above-mentioned compounds.
(10) This example provides various drug combinations for treating diabetes.
Combination # 9
Biguanide such as Metaformin13 with a sulfonylurea such as Glipizide32.
Combination # 10
Biguanide such as Metaf ormin13 with a thiazolidinedione such as Rosiglitazone maleate33.
Combination #11
Metaformin13 with an alpha glucosidase inhibitor such as Cerivastatin34.

Combination # 12
Short acting oral insulin with sustained release oral insulin.
(11) This example provides various drug combinations for treating
hyperlipidemia.
Combination # 13
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor such as Simvastatin35, Atorvastatin36 or Pravastatin32 with a bile acid sequestrant such as Colestipol hydrochloride38.
Combination # 14
A HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with a niacin compound.
Combination # 15
A HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor or combination #14 with a hypohpidemia agent such as Gemfibrozil39.
(12) This example provides various drug combinations for treating
congestive heart failure.
Combination # 16
Digitalis plus an ACE inhibitor with or without a diuretic, and - optionally including a beta blocker. Combination # 17 Digitalis plus any of the combination drugs #l-#7.
(13) This example provides various drug combinations for treating
asthma/allergy
Combination # 18
Rapid onset anti-histamine plus sustained release anti-histamine. Combination # 19
Antihistamine plus Leukotriene modifier, such as Loratadine40 plus Montelukast41.
(14) This example provides a drug combination for treating
migraine.
Combination # 20

Rapid acting 5-HTl receptor agonist such as Naxatriptin HCl42 plus a long acting 5-HTl receptor agonist such as Sumatriptan45.
(15) This example provides a drug combination for treating post
operative/post-chemotherapy nausea.
Combination # 21
Anti-nausea such as Doperidol44 plus steroid such as Dexamethasone45.
(16) This example provides various drug combinations for treating
gastric/ duodenial ulcer.
Combination # 22
Quick onset H blocker such as Famotidine46 plus a proton pump inhibitor such as Omeprazole1
Combination # 3
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine (Prozac47) and Aminoketon - Buptopion48.
(17) This example provides a drug combination for treating HIV.
Combination # 24
Protease inhibitor - Indinavir (Crixivan49) plus nuclear reverse transcriptase inhibitor - Efavirenz (Sustiva50) plus third drug, i.e. 2nd NRTI-Ziduvudine51 or Azidothymidine52.
(18) This example provides various drug combinations for treating
anti-rejection cocktail after organ transplant.
Combination # 25
Cyclosporine53 plus steroid - Prednisones54.
Combination # 26
Combination drug # 25 plus PPI/H2 for ulcer prevention -Omeprazole2.
(19) This example provides a drug combination for treating
infections with combination therapy such as tuberculosis.
Combination_#27

Triple combination Isoniazid55 and Pyrazidamide56 and Rifampin57.
(20) This example provides a polypharmacy for treatment of co-
morbid diseases.
Combination # 28
80% + of diabetics are also hypertensive. Therefore a combination of any of combination drugs # 7-12 which are the combinations for control of the diabetes with any of combination drugs #1-7 ox the single component medicaments used in the anti-hypertensive combinations.
Combination # 29
Hyperlipidemia is frequently concurrent with cardiac disease therefore any of combination drugs # 13-17 plus any of combination drugs # 1-7.
(21) This example provides a poly pharmacy for treatment of Angina.
Combination #30
A Calcium channel block such as Nifedipines38 plus a vasodilator such as nitroglycerin.
(22) Tills example provides a polypharmacy for treatment of seizure
disorders.
Combination #31 . A Gamma Aminobutyric analog such as Gabapentin58 or a Gamma Aminobutyric stimulator such as Divalproex Sodium59 plus a Benzodiazepine such as .Alprazolam60.
(23) This example provides various drug combinations for treating
pain and the side effects of opioids:
Combination #32
An opioid and a non-opioid analgesic such as codeine and acetominophine.
Combination #33
An opioid and an antiemetic.
Combination #34

An opioid and a bowel softener or evacuant.
(24) This example provides polypharmacy for eliminating or
minimizing gastric irritation caused by a primary drug.
Combination #35
A cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor such as Celecoxib67 plus Omeprazole2.
Combination #36
An anti-inflammatory such as Naproxen62 plus Omeprazole1.
(25) This example provides polypharmacy for countering the effect
of long term use of Prednisones54.
Combination #37
Prednisones54 plus testosterone to prevent muscle mass loss. Combination #38
Prednisones54 plus estrogen or progesterone to prevent bone mass loss, It is also possible to package two or more doses oi the same active ingredient in slow and fast release forms.
(26) This example provides polypharmacy for treating anxiety or
panic disorder.
Combination #39
A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor such as Paroxetines63 plus a Benzodiazepine such as Lorazepam54.
Combination #40
An aminoketone such as Bupropion's plus Lorazepam64.
Various analogs and isomers of the foregoing drugs also advantageiously may be employed.
It should be noted that certain combination drugs, including some of the above-listed combination drugs, also may be blended and packaged in a single tablet or capsule, when chemical interaction is not a problem.

The present invention also allows for the rapid production of different dosage medications using the same active ingredient, and allows for the development of medications with longer resident tinae.

Metformin: N,N-dimethylimidodcarbonimidic diamide hydrochloride.
Sulfonylurea: l-[[P-[2-(5-chloro-o-anisainido) ethyl] phenyl] sulfonyl-]-3-cyclohexylure. .
Dichlorophenamide: 4,5-dichloro-l;3- benzenedisulfonaxnide.

Pyrazinamide: pyrazinecarboxamide.
Rifampin: 3-(4-methyl-l-piperazinyl-iminomethyl)-rifamycin

Gabapeutm: l-(aminomethyl)cyclohexanacetic acid.
Divalproex Sodium: sodium hydrogen bis (2-propylpentanoate).
Alprazolam: 8-Chloro-l-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo [4,3-a][l,4] benzodiazepine.
Celecoxib: 4-[5-(4r-methylphenyl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl] benzenesulfonamide.
Naproxen: 2-naphthaleneacetic acid, 5 methoxy- a-methyl-,(+).
Paroxetine available as Immediate-Release Tablets and Oral Suspension as: (-)-trans-4R-(4'-fluorophenyl)-3S-[(3,4'--methylenedioxyphenoxy) methyl] piperidine hydrochloride hemihydrate and as Contivlled-Release Tablets as: (-) - (3S,4R)-4-[(p-fluorophenyl)-3-[(3,4-methylenedioxy) phenoxy]methyl]piperidine hydrochloride hemiliydrate.
Lorazepam: 7-chloro-5-(0-chlorophenyl)-l,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2H-l,4-benzo-diazepin-2-one.
Bupropion: (±)-l-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-[(l,l-dimethylethyl)amino]-l-propanone hydrochloride.

CLAIMS
1. A controlled release pharmaceutical delivery package comprising a unit aliquot dose of a pharmaceutical electrostatically deposited on a porous, permeable or semi-permeable ingestible membrane.
2. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to claim 1, wherein said membrane comprises an acid-dissolvable material.
3. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to claim 1, wherein said membrane comprises an alkali-dissolvable material.
4. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to claim 1, and comprising two or more pharmaceuticals deposited on said membrane, and separated from one another by one or more barriers or membranes.
5. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to claim 1, and further comprising an adhesive on the outer surface of the membrane.
6. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to claim 5, wherein the adhesive is acid or alkylene activatable.
7. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to claim 5, and further comprising an alkali or acidic dissolvable membrane covering the adhesive.
8. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to claim 1, wherein said membrane comprises a material which expands upon contact with acid or alkaline in the alimentary canal, whereby to become more porous,
9. A pharmaceutical delivery package comprising two or more active pharmaceuticals (a) combined in a single delivery package, and (b) segregated from one another, wherein said single delivery package comprises an unitary structure for repeatable administration of fixed quantities of said two or more active ingredients to the user.
10. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to claim 9, wherein said active ingredients are segregated from one another in a compartmentalized capsule or a tablet.
11. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to claim 9, wherein said pharmaceuticals are deposited on a porous, permeable or semi-permeable

ingestible membrane, and segregated from one another by one or more barriers or
membranes.
12. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to claim 9, wherein
said pharmaceuticals are encapsulated within inert coatings.
13. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of Ketoconazole and testosterone.
14. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of Valacylovir and one or both of Cimetidine and Probenecid.
15. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of Enalapril and a beta adrenergic-blocking agent, methyldopa, nitrate, a calcium blocking agent, hydrazine, Prazosin or Digoxin.
16. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of Omeprazole and B12.
17. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of Omeprazole and Clarithoromycin.
18. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of Tamoxifen and a diuretic.
19. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of Isotretinoin and an oral contraceptive.
20. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of Metformin HCI and Solfonylurea.
21. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a diuretic and an Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor).
22. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a diuretic and an Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist,
23. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a diuretic and a Beta Adrenergic Blocking Agent.

24. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a diuretic and a Calcium channel block.
25. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a diuretic and a Periferal Adrenergic Blocking
Agent.
26. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a diuretic and an Adrenergic central stimulant.
27. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a diuretic and Endothelin A.
28. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an ACE inhibitor and a beta blocker.
29. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a biguanide and a sulfonylurea.
30. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a biguanide and a thiazolidinedione.
31. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of Metaformin and an alpha glucosidase inhibitor.
32. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a short acting oral insulin with a sustained release oral insulin.
33. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with a bile acid sequestrant.
34. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with a niacin compound.
35. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with a hypolipidemia agent.

36. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, a niacin compound and a hypolipidemia agent.
37. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of digitalis plus an ACE inhibitor.
38. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of digitalis plus an ACE inhibitor and a diuretic.
39. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of digitalis plus an ACE inhibitor, a diuretic and a beta blocker.
40. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a rapid onset anti-histamine plus a sustained release anti-histamine.
41. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an antihistamine plus a Leukotriene modifier.
42. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a rapid acting 5-HTl receptor agonist plus a long acting 5-HTl receptor agonist,
43. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an anti-nausea plus a steroid.
44. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a quick onset H blocker plus a proton pump inhibitor.
45. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine and an Aminoketon.
46. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a protease inhibitor plus a nuclear reverse transcriptase inhibitor plus 2nd NRTI-Ziduvudine or Azidothymidine.
47. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of cyclosporine plus a steroid.

48. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of cyclosporine plus a steroid, plus a PP1/H2.
49. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of Isoniazid, Pyrazidamide and Rifampin.
50. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a Calcium channel block plus a vasodilator.
51. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a Gamma Aminobutyric analog or a Gamma Aminobutyric stimulator plus a Benzodiazepine.
52. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an opioid and a non-opioid analgesic.
53. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an opioid and an antiemetic.
54. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an opioid and a bowel softener or evacuant.
55. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor plus Omeprazole.
56. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an anti-inflammatory plus Omeprazole.
57. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of prednisone plus testosterone.
58. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of prednisone plus estrogen.
59. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor plus a benzodiazepine.
60. A pharmaceutical delivery package according to any one of claims 9 to 12 comprising a combination of an aminoketone plus Lorazepam.
61. A pharmaceutical delivery package as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 19, and further including digitalis.

62. A pharmaceutical delivery package as claimed in any one of claims
20 to 24, and further including a combination of any of the combinations of any
one of claims 13 to 19.
63. A pharmaceutical delivery package as claimed in any one of claims
5 25 to 29, and further including a combination of any of the combinations of any
one of claims 13 to 19.

Documents:

1856-chenp-2003 abstract-duplicate.pdf

1856-chenp-2003 claims-duplicate.pdf

1856-chenp-2003 description (complete)-duplicate.pdf

1856-chenp-2003 drawings-duplicate.pdf

1856-chenp-2003-abstract.pdf

1856-chenp-2003-assignement.pdf

1856-chenp-2003-claims.pdf

1856-chenp-2003-correspondnece-others.pdf

1856-chenp-2003-correspondnece-po.pdf

1856-chenp-2003-description(complete).pdf

1856-chenp-2003-drawings.pdf

1856-chenp-2003-form 1.pdf

1856-chenp-2003-form 18.pdf

1856-chenp-2003-form 3.pdf

1856-chenp-2003-form 5.pdf

1856-chenp-2003-pct.pdf

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Patent Number

228609

Indian Patent Application Number

1856/CHENP/2003

PG Journal Number

12/2009

Publication Date

20-Mar-2009

Grant Date

05-Feb-2009

Date of Filing

27-Nov-2003

Name of Patentee

MICRODOSE TECHNOLOGIES, INC

Applicant Address

4262 U.S. ROUTE 1, SUITE 3, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NEW JERSEY 08852,

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	ABRAMS, ANDREW, L	26, IMPERIAL AVENUE, WESTPORT, CT 06880,
2	GUMASTE, ANAND, V	7 ARDSLEY COURT, ROBBINSVILLE, NJ 08691,

PCT International Classification Number

A61J

PCT International Application Number

PCT/US02/16185

PCT International Filing date

2002-05-22

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	60/294,786	2001-05-31	U.S.A.