Title of Invention

EARTH POTENTIAL UTILIZER

Abstract A method of utilizing the Earths magnetic field & earths state of spin for charging capacitors and chemical battery. The presented invention offers a very simple static arrangement (called as "earth potential utilizer " ) to tap height wise variations of earth's magnetic field intensity, which manifests as elevation dependent electromotive force, to store electricity free of cost and supply power using these cells at a price. Number of cell can be charged in parallel and discharged in series depending on the load requirements.
Full Text FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970) COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(Section -10; Rule 13)
1. EARTH POTENTIAL UTILIZER
2. (a) Mr. UTTARKAR MAHABALA MUKESH,
# 85 2nd Cross, G.K.Nagar, (beside kadugodi Police Station Quarters), BANGALORE - 560067, INDIA.
(c) INDIAN
3. The following specification particularly describes and ascertains the nature of this Invention and the Manner in which it is to be performed: -
GRANTED
30-3-2007

ORIGINAL 3 0 MAR 2007

EXISTING PEVICES: (PRIOR ARTS)
There are no known designs or methods of charging capacitors or batteries, as indicated by 'EARTH POTENTIAL UTILIZER \ However there are certain assemblies or parts of assembly that look similar. I.e. Tesla's memod of utilizing radiant energy & Movement of highly charged capacitor by Doyle R-Buehler.
Differences between E.P.U and each of the other devices are tabulated below:-
Table 1

EARTH POTENTIAL UTILIZER Doyle R. Baehier's discovery\ device
(EPU) http://www.space-mixing-theory.com

/article2.pdf
1) A method or assemblies to chu790-MUM-2004-FORM 2(TITLA PAGE)-(30-03-2007)te\ A scheme, which uses solid state device
energize electrochemical cells\ battery & with Walton - cockcroft type multiplier,
capacitors. The assembly can be switched highly Voltage DC generator to
to connect the storage\ battery cells to run precharge (200K V) Capacitor in order to
any load after they are charged by the said explore if capacitor so charged
innovative method. Therefore in essence experiences lifting force or not in earths
this assembly works as an electric power • atmosphere. It can be noted that the
supply system for any electrical natural potential difference between
applications equipment. ionosphere and earth surface is NOT
being used to charge capacitor. However
this scheme may have some application in
the domain of levitation\ propulsion some day.
2) Source of energy is entirely due to near Involves ionosphere + a solid state
earth surface (i.e. within 200m height generator run by any other source of
from surface earth) phenomena attributed energy, ionosphere is formed due to
to earth's magnetic field & earth's interaction of charged particles, magnetic
rotational inertia. The influence of earth field of our SUN & mat of air particles of
normally predominates near the surface of this planet in upper atmosphere.
earth. This is explained more in detail
under physics of EPU Hence the name
earth potential utilizer.
3) Typical electromotive force \ voltage Typical electromotive force \ voltage
gradient experienced is of the order of ~ gradient reported is of the order of ~ 8
56 millivolts per meter height. Volts per meter height, as claimed by the
Therefore just right to charge author. However we have NOT observed
electrochemical cells by use of any such voltage on capacitor terminals,

communication towers with — — some modifications. Which could hint a voltage gradient of 8 volts/m near the surface of earth because of ionosphere voltage effects.
Table 2

EARTH POTENTIAL UTILIZER (EFU) Tesla's method of utilizing radiant

enerav. (USPO. Patent number 685958.

Dated. 5th nov. 1901, as per
http://www.pat2pdf.org/patents/pat685958
.pdf)
1) source of energy, as explained above Source of energy is ultraviolet radiation component or charged particle radiations, cosmic radiations, sun light etc.
2) Involves a insulated conducting wire raised to a specific height with one of the end connected to a battery cell terminal. Involves an insulated conducting wire raised to a some height with one of the end connected to a large flat conducting metal plate & the other to one of the battery cell terminal.
3) The voltage obtainable is unique with respect to a given height\elevation. Refer to experimental observation sheet Almost indefinite growth of voltage had been reported by the author.
Detailed investigations (experimental and numerical C.F.D) by myself lead me to discover new principles, scheme & method of utilization. Thus it is dear that EPU is a separate application iit itself meant for charging chemical batteries and capacitors
ADVANTAGES OF PRESENTED INVENTION:
• This invention is capable of charging batteries free of cost round the clock. The device is very simple and demands very less ground space.
• The device can also make use of existing building structures, trees as a part of circuit \ connection without any safety concerns for building or inhabitants.
• The setup can be used for charging capacitors. The apparatus can also be used for charging chemical batteries with small input current Therefore no heating up of battery during charging.


• Numerous cells can be charged in parallel and discharging
alternatively by switching them in scries. This can facilitate running of any electrical load.
DETAILFD DESCRIPTION. -
The device consists of three basic parts as shown in the schematic, figure 1, page 15 of 22. i.e. (a) The space conductor \ line (b) the grounding conductor\ line (c) electric energy storage
In my experiments with rechargeable cells & capacitors it was noticed mat connecting of one of the terminal of discharged cell to a adequately grounded conductor and the other to a insulated conductor running vertically up into the atmosphere for a few meters Is sufficient to partially recharge chemical cetts and capacitors when left connected over a period of time. The cetts thus charged can be discharged by connecting any electrical toad. This process can be repeated, as required by simple switching arrangement
A number of basks conceptual experiments represented by scheme 1, 2,3&4, figurel ,2,3,4, page 15 of 22, presented under the heading " CHARGING CONFIGURATIONS " and experimental evidence summarized under the heading 'EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS OF EARTH POTENTIAL UVLIZER (E.P.Uy, page 17 of 22, Allows me to INFER that His possible to charge electro chemical rechargeable batteries and capacitors by any of the simple schemes shown in figurel, figure 2, figure 3, figure 4 AND Fundamentally conclude as follows:-
* The emf \ peak voltage obtainable is directly proportional to the Shortest Distance' h 'between any point in atmosphere and the Surface of our planet earth.
* Time required to attain the peak \ equilibrium voltage at the terminals of Storage device «s directly proportional to ground ohmic resistance And inversely proportional to elevation' h' being used at the Concerned location on earth and partly on overall scheme ohmic Resistance, which depends on specific design detail.

• A number of cells of batteries can be charged in parallel or series depending on Emf available at a particular location and discharged in series or Parallel depending on specific power requirements.
• Any two points in the space around our planet separated by a vertical distance "h "are at different electrical potential, these can be tapped.



• Any two points one on the surf ace of earth and other below the surface separated by a depth of "h" are also at different electrical potential all though the potential difference is relatively lesser compared to space above the surface earth. Approximately 30 times lesser.
# Description Of Charging Experiments & Schemes:-
Scheme 1 as shown in figure 1 consist of three basic parts
(a) Atmospheric insulated conductor.
(b) Grounding conductor.
(c) Storage device/celis.
Where charging of (c) occurs by connection of (a) & (b).
The atmospheric insulated conductor (a) is connected to one of the terminal of storage device(c). A grounding conductor (b) connected to the othe Aremaining terminal of storage device(c) itself. In case of electrochemical batteries the terminal to be grounded is important Photo 1, 2,3, (Photograph sheet 1/2), page 18 of 22, shows a metal hydride cell being charged, where a mufti meter has been introduced between ground and storage cell tor current measurement The grounding (b), red wire, is shown in photo 3 where a number of bolts can be seen, driven through granite-cement based tiles.( 3rd floor balcony)
Scheme 2 as shown in figure 2 consist of storage device & a grounding conductor (b) only, as also mentioned above, wherein the storage device is simply kept at a height above earth surface. See photo 4,5 &6 (photograph sheet 2\2), page 19 of 22, where grounding has been accomplished by driving bolts into terrace concrete. (Fourth floor roof)
Scheme 3 as shown in figure 3 consists of same bash parts as scheme 1 except that the ground conductor is dipped in an insulated plastic tank (d), kept on surface, containing salt solution.
Scheme 4 (latest experimental finding) shows a storage capacitor (c) placed on ground with one of the terminal connected to the grounding conductor, which in this case is a steel casing pipe running to a depth "h" of
a deep bore welt. As shown under "EPU - SCHEME 4 TEST
photograph", page 19 of 21.
A common feature tor all three schemes is that all of mem are dependent on elevation height \ depth ( 'h') above the surface of earth or below. It has also been observed mat schemes 1 &2 give higher gains in voltage than scheme 4, where the conductor is simply goes deep into soil without any atmospheric conductor line.


Typical Results of above mentioned charging experiments are graphed under "EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS OF E.P. U ". Its worth mentioning that the ratio of voltage per unit height observed in scheme 1 &2 is around 30 times higher than mean ratio of the same observed in case of scheme 4.
# Physics Behind the Working (Two Alternatives):
Concepts given in engineering or science text books such, as magnetic storm of sun and its interaction with earth's magnetic field etc. Does not clearly explain how electron can get accumulated in storage device.
The telluric currents and its source don't manifest in a manner explained above either.
The TIME rate change of HORIZONTAL\ tangential magnetic flux density on the surface of earth in peninsular INDIA is of the order of 60 nano tesla per 24 hours; peaking to about 15 nanotesla per hour occasionally therefore they can be deemed as constant with respect to time. At best these may attribute to 0.5 to 1 mill volts, not hundreds of it.
Therefore, I would like to mention that increase of magnetic field intensity around earth with respect to ELEVATION as we move towards the surface of earth from outer space indicates existence of TIME rate change of magnetic flux in the vertical direction. I.e. along the line connecting a point in space and centre of our spinning earth. This leads to ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE on conductors arranged in radial \ vertical sense with respect to earth & ourselves, as observed.
It is also evident from classical physics, which states that movement of any matter in circular sense\ about a centre with or without rate change of tangential velocity implies accelerations of any matter\flux (magnetic flux)\energy towards the centre with respect to time.
Hence. EPU is a separate application by itseif & basic knowledge obtained by trials conducted \ observations can lead to other innovative devices for direct current electric power generation in near future.


# Alternative Explanation to the Phenomena Observed.
Lets assume for a while that flux mentioned above Is that of ether & oar universe made up of or contains "ether" ,The emf development can be attributed to two main factors: -
a) Ether pressure differences between altitudes & Electron to
electron Repulsion.
b) Ether wind velocity change with respect to position\ orientation
of electron.
Expkination of (a): -
Consider the lines of magnetic field around the earth as analogous to streamlines of flow i.e. Ether flow. Thus there is an evidence of a macro ether vortex around earth and passing through it (see velocity profile in figure 5, page 16 of 22).
Ether can be given properties of fluid & further assume that all matter and energy to be a manifestations of ether. Bernoulli's equation of fluid flow may be applied to electron movement, (electron itself can be considered to be made up of ether vortices ). where electrons migrate from zones of high ether pressure to zones of low ether pressures. I.e. from zones of low ether velocity to higher.
The surface of earth corresponds to zone where ether speeds are higher & a point above earth corresponds to a zone with lower ether flow speeds with relatively higher ether pressure, treating earth itself as a macro vortex (see figure 5) in which a very large number of other vortices (matter) lie in a state of spin & rotation.
Explanation of (b): -
Analogous to principle of "Magmas"applied to rotating spheres\cylinders in flowing liquid. (The Reader may refer to any standard text on hydrodynamics for more on "Magnus principle "). See electron-spinning diagram (Figure 5).
An electron made of ether vortex immersed in flowing ether wind can experience uneven forces in multiple directions, which vary with respect to time & orientations of electron, however some of the orientations can develop forces in a direction, which adds to factor (a) explained above.
• Refer to appendix below for more on interpretation of electron & matter.
• Sections of appendix represented by *. A te. 1.A to 8.A
Abbreviations for figure 5: -
Vte - tangential speed of spinning electron
V - Ether wind velocity at a given elevation around earth


APPENDIX
MATTER & ENERGY - A Computational Fluid Dynamics based interpretation. 1.A* INTRODUCTION:
For a while lets assume mat the universe to start with, has only ether fluid in stationary condition with nothing else in it i.e. no known forms of matter as we recognize today.
The only possible states of existence available at this point is 1) presence of ether & 2) absence of it (ether) at a point in space. Let the absence of ether be called as void.
A void or voids may have come into existence due many reasons initially, our objective here is to find if such a void is sustainable or not and under what conditions,
2.A, ETHER PROPERTY ASSUMPTIONS & JUSTIFICATIONS: -
a) In viscid fluid, Friction free flow: our galaxy has not stopped spinning &
Rotating for Billions of years. Therefore Ether moving it is non- Viscous or nearly so.
b) Incompressible fluid: it s a general tendency of many liquids to have
higher
Bulk Modulus with decreasing viscosity.
c) Acoustic speed equals speed of light: acoustical waves in ether are taken
as Electromagnetic radiations of all types we know, as capable of
traveling in space.
d) Relation ship between normal universal ether pressure *p 'and
acoustic speed 'a'
Since density of ether is unknown quantity in terms of SI units at this stage. Let us assume that we have 1kg of ether in 1 m3 of volume for the sake of simplifying density dependencies, which occur in equations of flow. The issue will be clear when we come to the section of 'governing equations', as we read on further. The intention here is to get only a relative understanding of structure of electron and ether vortices. An accurate definition of force in terms ether can follow as a next step.
For Now, Acoustic speed in m/s becomes a = V (pip), where p = 1 kg mass/m3 is density of ether. Thus the normal universal space \ ether pressure becomes


= 9 e 16 (m/s)2 * 1 (space mass/m3) = 9el6N/m2. = 9ell bars
e) The ether flow is not continuous everywhere in domain of interest:
Remember we are dealing with void ~ ether interaction. A region without pressure and velocities characterizes a void.
3.A, ANAYLSIS TECHNIQUE & MODEL: -
Consider void immersed in ether. The ether volume is a cubical shaped & void is well enclosed inside as shown below by isometric view: -
Initial & boundary conditions: -
At time t = 0.0 Second ether particles are stationary i.e. u = v= w = 0 m/s, p = 9el6 N/m2 Everywhere in ether volume around the central void.(figure 5 & 6, sheet 2 of 3).
4.A, GOVERNING EQUATIONS FOR ETHER: -

The analysis involves simultaneous solution of above set of unsteady equations
Based on gauss siedal technique. This can be done using a Pentium II class of computer in around 800 to 900 hours of computation, lasting approximately two months for ~ 27000 Nodes.
Sketches can best show the inputs anD final results of above analysis: -Note: The phenomenon of pressure is somewhat analogous to pressure behavior around cavitation bubbles in water. As indicated by figure 6 & 7, page 21of 22

Hie pressure profiles (figure 8 & 9, page 21 of 22) are applicable along lines passing through center of cube, parallel to x, y, z-axes. Thus we have a combination of at least 10 major tightly packed ether vortices around the central void, which is at equilibrium with each other after 0.7 seconds of initiation.
5.A, DISCUSSION & INFERENCES: -
Initial conditions of velocities play a major role in what we get as final results i.e. whether we get pure vortex or void + vortex or a particular type of vortex combination. Each kind of vortex or void vortex combination may explain, a particular form of sub atomic particle matter.
Example 1 A tight toroidal ether vortex with low pressure in center can
represent an electron. Most behaviors of electron known to us may be
explained by this consideration.
Example!. Void vortex combine such as the results of this computation (shown below) may represent a neuron in nucleus of atoms. While some combination of void - vortex with spin may represent die nucleus of an atom.
a) Voids are sustainable in etberAspace. Voids + its velocity, pressure field can be called as electron.
b) Matter is combination of void and associated vortices, which can be of any size.
c) Void ~ vortex combination migrates from zones of higher ether pressure to lower ether pressure zones. Conversely from region of lower ether speed to zone of higher ether speed.
d) Earth spinning about its axis can be attributed to ether flow vortex,
e) Electromagnetic radiations are due to transient fluctuation of void size or ether fluid pressure fluctuations around a void - vortex.
f) Amount of ether present among conglomeration of matter is relatively lesser than that of free space. Thus in a zone of a macro ether vortex (without void), so-called matter (formed out of very large number of void ~ vortex combination) will have lesser ether in it i.e. will present a conglomerate of lower ether density. Such a conglomerate will settle in the center of macro ether vortex in space. Example - Our planet
6.A, FURTHER SCOPE OF STUDY: -
From analysis of above type we know that initial voids of size d2 reduces to approximately 0.7 d2 after equilibrium conditions are established (see figure 7, sheet 2 of 3). With this information we can work to find out amount of ether undergoing


acceleration of lm/s2, as regards to the standard Kilogramme mass. This shall involve size of standard mass, its material, number of electrons, nucleuses their sizes.
Since 1 N = 1 Kg. lm/s2, ether undergoing acceleration of 1 m/s2 are only those which are asso ciated in the formation of electrons, nucleus of atoms present in the standard kilogramme mass. The remaining ether i.e. in between electrons and nucleus remain relatively undisturbed as long as no magnetic field is involved. A factor account for the amount\additional volume of ether needs to be developed by use of CFD.
Thus volume of ether undergoing lm/s2 accn., experiencing 1 N Force becomes known corresponding to the volume of standard kilogram. THIS volume & ether may be called as standard ether mass. There can be several ether masses contained in a meter cube of ether. The total numerical magnitude of all such masses "x" can treated as true amount of ether contained in 1 m3 therefore x kg/m3 is the density of ether in terms of S J. units as we know it & is sensible to humans.
Thus more numerically accurate results can be obtained by repeating section 2,3 & 4 mentioned above.
The possibility of other types of vortex flow formations needs to be explored.
7.A, CONCLUSION:-
VOIDS, VORTICES ARE SUSTAINABLE IN ETHER MEDIUM AND MATTER CAN BE TREATED AS VOID ~ VORTEX COMBINATION AND ELECTRONS MAY BE MADE UP OF ETHER VORTEX IN RELATIVELY STAGNANT ETHER.
STATIONARY ETHER WITH ASSOCIATED PRESSURE IS FORM OF POTENTIAL ENERGY.
THE PRESENTED THEORY IS JUST ENOUGH TO EXPLAIN THE PHYSICS OF PRESENTED INVENTION 'EARTH POTENTIAL UTILIZER
8. A, References:
a) C.F.D by john d Anderson jr., McGraw Hill publication
b) Particle Astrophysics by Donald Perkins
c) G.K.Batchelors articles on bubble cavitations, (http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/lab/)
d) Hydrodynamics by Sir Horace Lamb, Cambridge
e) Electrical technology by H.Cotton.
f) http://www.rexresearch.com/depalma/depalma.html
g) Web site containing space power generator by Mr. .P.Tewari & Theories Of space.
h) British geological society


Acknowledgement:
I would like thanking, Late, Dr. Neil Kanth Shendge of # 809, budhwar pet, mothy chowk, Pune-2, INDIA. For helping me to manufacture experimental prototypes of 'earth potential utilizer and for allowing me to use his terrace workshop. He had also witness my experiments of earth potential utilizer.
Signature
Date : 26 \ 7 \ 2004
(Mr. UTTARKAR MAHABALA MUKESH)

I CLAIM: -

i) A method for charging or accumulating electrons in capacitors or chemical battery by connecting one of the terminal of capacitor (positive terminal in case of chemical battery) to a conductor (a) elevated to a height 'h", in the range of 25 to 125m and the other terminal of capacitor or battery to a conductor (b) buried in ground. I.e. by completing the circuit via magnetic field of and earth itself. Wherein the charging of battery or capacitor is achieved by the electromotive force arising due to the phenomena of height\ elevation dependent gradient of earths magnetic field intensity and its state of spin.
ii) A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the charging of battery is achieved by keeping the battery\capacitor at a specific height 'h' and connecting ONLY one of the terminals as required to a grounded conductor (b). While keeping the other terminal free.
iii) A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the storage system is charge by connecting one of the terminals to a conductor (a) elevated to a specific height 'h' and the other terminal to a conductor (b) immersed in a natural body of saline solution ( ocean or sea) or electrically conducting liquid.
i v) A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the storage battery or capacitors can be charged by connecting one of the terminals as desired to a conductor (b) running to a specified depth below the surface of earth. Keeping the other terminal open or free.
Dated this 26 day of July 2004
Signature
Mr. UTTARKAR MAHABALA
MUKESH

U. M .MUKESH

Application no.: 790\MUM\2004

CHARGING CONFIGURATIONS
(EARTH POTENTIAL UTILIZER)




26-7-2004

U M MUKESH

Application no.: 790\MUM\2004


26-7-2004

EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS OF EARTH POTENTIAL UTILIZER (E.P.U)
obtainable voltage, scheme 1,2 & 3, earth potential utilizer (E.P.U)

Note: typical voltage recorded over a span of 72 hours after being connected, as per scheme 1,2 & 3. Is shown above.
voltage history - scheme 4, figure 4, earth potential utilizer (EPU)

26-7-2004

PHOTOGRAPH SHEET 1/ 2

EARTH POTENTIAL UTILIZER








3 0 MAR 2OO7
26-7-2004





3 0 MAR 2007

16/7/2004

EPU - SCHEME 4 TEST photographs:-

3 0 MAR Z007
26/7/2004

U. M. MUKESH
ApplIcAtion na : 790\MUM\2004

3 0 MAR 2007

26/7/2004

U M.MUKESH

Application no.: 790\MUM\2004

B)Resultant velocity profiles along a line passing through the center of cube & Parallel to global axis

3 0 MAR 2007

26-7-2004

Documents:

790-mum-2004-abstract(30-03-2007).doc

790-mum-2004-abstract(30-03-2007).pdf

790-mum-2004-cancelled pages(30-03-2007).pdf

790-mum-2004-claims(granted)-(30-03-2007).doc

790-mum-2004-claims(granted)-(30-03-2007).pdf

790-mum-2004-form 1(26-07-2004).pdf

790-mum-2004-form 13(14-05-2007).pdf

790-mum-2004-form 13(22-08-2005).pdf

790-mum-2004-form 13(22-11-2005).pdf

790-mum-2004-form 19(02-02-2006).pdf

790-mum-2004-form 2(granted)-(30-03-2007).pdf

790-mum-2004-form 2(titla page)-(30-03-2007).doc

790-mum-2004-form 3(22-08-2005).pdf

790-mum-2004-form 3(26-07-2004).pdf

790-mum-2004-form 5(22-08-2005).pdf

790-mum-2004-form 5(26-07-2004).pdf

790-mum-2004correspondence(16-06-2008).pdf

790-mum-2004correspondence(ipo)-(29-09-2008).pdf


Patent Number 224216
Indian Patent Application Number 790/MUM/2004
PG Journal Number 06/2009
Publication Date 06-Feb-2009
Grant Date 07-Oct-2008
Date of Filing 26-Jul-2004
Name of Patentee MR. UTTARKAR MAHABALA MUKESH
Applicant Address BLDG. NO: 243, WING - B, ROOM 9522, KANNAMWAR NAGAR - II, VIKHROLI (E), MUMBAI 400 083, INDIA.
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 UTTARKAR MAHABALA MUKESH BLDG. NO: 243, WING - B, ROOM 9522, KANNAMWAR NAGAR - II, VIKHROLI (E), MUMBAI 400 083, INDIA.
PCT International Classification Number H02J7/32
PCT International Application Number N/A
PCT International Filing date
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 NA