Title of Invention	INTERCONNECTION METHOD FOR A SYSTEM FOR REMOTE CONTROL
Abstract	The present invention relates to a method and apparatus allowing for the monitoring and control of electrical appliance or utilities. This is achieved by using a master webserver that can communicate with remote slave nodes using a protocol for control and automation over networks of different media including wire, radio, microwave and powerlines. This Virtual Internet Link (VIL) responds to requests from the server and remotes to replicate information as though the remote node is connected to the Internet. The virtual link is used for remote information reading as well as home automation and security reflected in the master server. Remote nodes act on the Internet database information through a master/slave/exception protocol supporting automation, metering, security, e-cash transfers and Internet back-channel requests.

Title of Invention

INTERCONNECTION METHOD FOR A SYSTEM FOR REMOTE CONTROL

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus allowing for the monitoring and control of electrical appliance or utilities. This is achieved by using a master webserver that can communicate with remote slave nodes using a protocol for control and automation over networks of different media including wire, radio, microwave and powerlines. This Virtual Internet Link (VIL) responds to requests from the server and remotes to replicate information as though the remote node is connected to the Internet. The virtual link is used for remote information reading as well as home automation and security reflected in the master server. Remote nodes act on the Internet database information through a master/slave/exception protocol supporting automation, metering, security, e-cash transfers and Internet back-channel requests.

Full Text	Internet utility interconnect method and means FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus employing said method providing a virtual link interconnecting on-line database records to automation apparatus. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It is well known to control or access a variety of apparatus in a home or a commercial environment through an electronic network, whether that be through existing telecommunication lines, by radio control or through electrical supply lines. One of the more common uses is to access various utilities, such as electrical or gas meters, or security apparatus. To achieve this, it is necessary to have an intelligent controlling means in the home or commercial environment that can be externally accessed to allow for immediate control or access to various apparatus. The difficulty with this is that to ensure one can effectively have access into the home or commercial environment, a dedicated connection into the home or commercial environment is necessary. The infrastructure necessary as well as the expense of a dedicated communication line is prohibitive to most users and utilities. It is an object of the present invention to overcome at least some of the abovementioned problems or to provide the public with a useful alternative. This is achieved by providing a method and apparatus for a virtual link interconnecting on-line database records to automation apparatus and that is adapted to use different types of message protocols. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore in one form of the invention there is proposed a system for the remote control of at least one electrical apparatus said system including: a first control means adapted to communicate with said apparatus; a second control means adapted to communicate with said first control means, said first control means further adapted to communicate with said second control means; said second control means including a dynamic memory storing information about the status of said electrical apparatus and including an input means enabling said status to be altered: wherein when said status has been altered the second control means communicate electrical apparatus has been altered the new status is communicated to the first control means and to the second control means, said second control means altering the dynamic memory to reflect the status of the apparatus. In a further form of the invention there is proposed a system for the remote access of at least one utility meter said system including: a first control means adapted to communicate with said meter; a second control means adapted to communicate with said first control means, said first control means further adapted to communicate with said second control means; said second control means including a dynamic memory storing information about the status of said meter wherein said status is updated by the first control means communicating said new status to said second control means status and wherein when the status of said meter has been altered the new status islcommunicated to the first control means and to the second control means, said second control means altering the dynamic memory to reflect the status of the meter. Preferably said information is security protected from access by unauthorised persons. This can be achieved by well known password and computer software protection techniques. Preferably said meter information is further accessible by the appropriate utility authority through said second control means. Thus, for example, the gas company may be able to access information about the use of gas at a property and can use that data for charging the customer. In addition, control of the meter may allow the gas company to shut down the flow of gas as may be necessary in ari emergency or during period of high demand. There could however be a proviso for a user to override the utility companies control. Preferably said second control means communicates to said first control means via the Internet. Since the Internet is already a well established network with known protocols and security and is accessible from almost anywhere in the world this allows a user to control their own appliances in the home from virtually anywhere whilst providing appropriate security. Alternatively the second control means communicates with said first control means via an electrical power distribution means. In addition, the communication may be through any means such as cellular phone, radio network and the like. Preferably said second control means receives regular status updates from said first control means. These updates preferably occur at regular pre-determined temporal intervals. For example, the system could be updated every 30 minutes. The update time could also change according to the time of day and the like. Thus, at night, the system may need to update only every couple of hours whereas during the day it may occur at intervals of even a few minutes. Preferably said updates occur continuously. In preference said status includes information such as control information, management information and service information of said apparatus. This then allows the user to know all of the information that is available. In preference first control means is a microprocessor. This means that a home user does not need to provide for a computer to control their appliance. It can be a simple electronic microprocessor which obviously reduces the cost significantly and avoids the necessity to provide not only support for the home computer but continual upgrades. In preference second control means is a computer server. This a single server could provide use for thousands of home users. Preferably said information is a home page on said server which is easily accessible through the Internet. In a yet further form of the invention there is proposed a management apparatus for electrical apparatus including: a control means on said apparatus; a sensor on said apparatus communicating information about said apparatus to a microprocessor; said microprocessor adapted to communicate with a server, said server accessible through the Internet and having a homepage which reflects the status of said apparatus wherein when the status of the apparatus changes, the homepage is changed to reflect the new status and when the homepage is changed the apparatus is controlled and changed to reflect the new status. In a still further form of the invention there is proposed a household electrical appliance controller including; a controller associated with each said appliance providing status and control information of each electrical appliance; said controller adapted to communicate with a server accessible through the Internet, said server including a homepage displaying said status information wherein when the status of the apparatus changes, the homepage is changed to reflect the new status and when the homepage is changed the apparatus is controlled and changed to reflect the new status; In a still further from of the invention there is proposed a method of monitoring and controlling a plurality of apparatus through the Internet including: controlling and monitoring said apparatus by a microprocessor, accessing said microprocessor though a communication network from a server accessible on the Internet; providing said server with a homepage with updated information from said microprocessor; and changing said homepage which results in said server communicating said change to said microprocessor which in turn changes said status of said apparatus. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Tb assist in understanding the invention reference is made to the following figures in which; Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a network employing the invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the invention in conjunction with security arrangements; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the broad concept of the invention when used by utilities; Figure 5 is a typical on-screen display that may be used by a home owner; Figure 6 is a typical on-screen display in relation to an environment control center and Figure 7 is a typical on-screen display in relation to a security control centre. BEST MODES OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION To further assist in understanding the invention reference is made to the following descriptions which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Intranet protocol The invention relates to a method and an apparatus employing that method wherein a master webserver is connected to remote slave nodes using an appropriate protocol for control and automation over networks of different media including wire, radio, microwave and poweriines. The arrangement that acts like a virtual Internet link (VIL) which therefore responds to requests from the server and remotes to replicate information as though the remote node is connected to the Internet. The virtual link can be used for remote information reading as well as home automation and security reflected in the master server. Remote nodes can act on the Internet database information through a master/slave/exception protocol supporting automation, metering, security, electronic cash transfers and Internet URL (Universal Resource Location) requests. In one embodiment of the invention a master/slave polling message establishes an event which is used to schedule any waiting exception message to be transmitted. The system features a master and slave architecture for initiating reception of secure Internet messages from any node. Each node may be polled systematically, by the server, which then replicates the data between the related database record and the slave node. As a result of this arrangement the data transmission protocol establishes a virtual link to the Internet for remote metering, information, automation, security, control and electronic commerce in the home or business. In addition the protocol allows messages to be forwarded to Internet service providers via the server to be able to surf the Internet via the eLink connection. The invention allows, for example, the energy consumption from a mains electrical power supply to be measured at the remote node and a deduction of appropriate payments for subscribers according to authorised preprogrammed rates. A virtual Internet link allows for bi-directional secure electronic payments so that the attached smartcard and e-cash devices can debit or credit approved payments. The automatic remote metering and control protocol is defined for communication between remote nodes and an on-line database web server (eg. Utility Gateway) which may communicate through data collection units supporting protocol conversion. A World Wide Web browser can monitor and control devices in homes and businesses via the utility server and slave nodes using the virtual link enabled by this described method and protocol. Combined Transfer Media Functionality In a further embodiment of this invention there is proposed a method for operating a remote control and monitoring system that replicates data between a host computer located at a central server site and a set of automation nodes located at a remote site. The replicating protocol provides a virtual link between the said remote site to said central website, and includes; • means to monitor said data such as utility meter readings, security, finance and Internet requests; and • means to link the data collected for subsequent access via the Internet The system can communicate with a central server over existing wire and wireless communication systems, such as local telephone, cellular phone, radio, powerfines, landline, leased line, dial-up modem links and cable interfaces. The protocol may operate in a half-duplex mode over single transmission pair. Local Electronic Billing and Payment A further advantage of the system is that once information is known, the system may provide a gateway to advanced consumer services at the remote location including prepayment systems. For example the system could be used for an energy billing system for charging the energy usage of a metered device in accordance with a downloaded authorised rate schedule from a webserver. Each predefined rate schedule can define different times periods and amounts of payment deductions directly from an e-cash The schedule of rates and periods form part of the VIL protocol which also supports the transmission of the metered utility consumption. Back-Channel Web Browsing A further advantage of the invention is that it can act as a service agent for fulfilling requests of a web browser client coupled to a local PC, Digital or Web TV set-top interface. This method of transmission of simplex Internet requests, mainly URL addresses is unique through exception messaging in combination with master/slave polling of automation and/or metering information to the server. The one way simplex operation provides a back-channel capability for utility providers to deliver interactive services for their subscribers. Security, local government and on-line information providers are regarded as utilities in addition to the traditional providers of water, gas, electricity and telephone services. Under this scheme each home has a equivalent IP address on the system and the remote node can send a request within the protocol. With this back-channel capability URL"s are sent from the home to broadcast Internet providers supporting web browsing from TV cable and satellite downfeeds. A feature of the protocol is the reversal of the high integrity polled data which has low priority in response time combined with the low integrity Internet requests which gets the highest priority for speed of transmission. In this way the protocol can connect homes to the Internet through URL requests from set top boxes to their broadcast TV service provider. The utility server can act as a half duplex server that is specifically designed to pass Internet requests to broadcast systems. With very little additional overhead to automated metering a utility provider can forward subscriber Internet data requests to a broadcast service provider who can transmit Internet data to a browser running on a PC or TV with an Internet address. Internet Control The invention also provides a method of controlling devices attached to remote nodes provided through the Internet by the virtual linking of data records in the master web server. Under this arrangement each remote node has a virtual Internet address which is replicated from the server database. The web server can have the capability to be changed by authorised users though the Internet using a range of available commercial technologies. The database fields in the records (including security and air-conditioning controls) are dynamically linked to the remote nodes (automation interface node) by the VIL Protocol using a master/slave polling method with error checking to ensure integrity. This enables residents and other subscribers to turn on a range of connected devices in the home or work premises using the Internet. Replication through sub-networks Data concentrators may be of a type that use the same communication protocols as the remote nodes. This provides a means to route messages to a destination node through a second network and still maintain the virtual link between the server and the remote node, Data Concentrators are routers used to speed up communications in systems with many slaves. Each Data Concentrator replicates communication to a group of slaves through one communication port and acts as a large slave through the second port. The software then replicates the second port as if it were a large slave with increased speed. The Data Concentrator or Replicator can act as a Protocol Converter and communicate with the server using a higher speed communication channel using a variety of protocols yet maintaining the overall virtual Internet Link protocol between master server and slave node. The Data Concentrators can communicate with the slave devices using dial-up telephone, leased line, microwave, radio or satellite interfaces. Additional wide area or local area network interfaces can be used. A store and forward feature allows any Data Concentrator to relay a message to another when direct re-transmission is not possible. The data concentrator can be used to pass on or relay the message in both directions. Exception Messaging In another embodiment the present invention provides for a method to support exception message transmission from the slave node when a request is initiated. When such a request is detected the slave unit initiates a transmission to the Master unit and transfers that data. Timing is used to avoid potential collisions using the slave address to do this. Before any unit transmits it must first detect if any other unit is transmitting. This is achieved by detecting the break in the polled transmission and if another exception transmission is detected it delays until the end of the next polled transmission before it tries again. When multiple slaves require transmission at the same time an avalanche effect can result causing erratic system operation and sometime system failure. To cope with this a fall back process is used so that if after all possible attempts send the message caused by the exceptions have failed, each slave stops trying to transmit and waits until polled by the master. The present invention thus relates to a method for a virtual link, hereinafter referred to as eLink interconnecting online database records to automation apparatus using a deferent type of message protocol with embedded URL"s referenced to international standard addresses for home and business devices. The new protocol allows for utility load shedding over the Internet where the utilities may include water, gas, electricity, telecommunications, security and the Internet. Ini a preferred embodiment there is provided a method for a virtual link interconnecting online database records to automation apparatus using a different type of message protocol with embedded URL"s referenced to international standard database addresses for home and business devices. eLink protocol allows for utility load shedding over the Internet. Utilities include water, gas, electricity, telecommunications, security and Internet. eLink establishes a virtual link to the Internet for metering, information, automation, security, control and electronic commerce in the home or business. In addition Internet request messages can be forwarded to Internet service providers via eLink. eLink collects data from the special purpose eHub automation interface in the home. This is based on embedded internet protocols IP associated with each microprocessor automation interface (eHub). At the other end, eLink is able to connect with a secure Web Server database. The database uses IP extended addressing to map each device in the home into internet address space and is used to collect utility data from remote meters, as well as hold the status of each device for remote access over the internet. Each home owner is represented by encrypted records in the data base, and access to relevant fields is available to each participating utility. This is illustrated in Figure 1 where the desired home appliances or utilities are mirrored on an external server. eLink provides each home owner with access to their specific meter reading data that has been collected in the data base. eLink can also provide each utility with access to its specific data in the data base. eLink thus provides the basis for both home owners and utilities to share and monitor utility resource usage. Home owners can also perform other home based transactions and access the Internet using eLink. Transactions may be initiated from the home or any other location with an Internet connection. In particular, the home owner can initiate requests for data to be sent via cable or satellite to the TV in the home. This allows for datacasting and multicasting requests to be serviced over the utility infrastructure. It may be noted that in the home, eHub works with all a range of home management and remote devices including C-Bus, X10, CE-Bus, l-wire and other protocols which may be multiplexed through eHome wiring network in the home. eLink assists utilities to develop systems for automatic meter reading and load shedding leading using the internet. This leads to prompt payment or prepayment systems based on ecommerce from the webserver databases. eLink is a virtual link replicating online database records to the eHub automation interface in the home. eLink is used for remote information reading as well as home automation and security replicated in the webserver. The media independent eLink network connection with the home, exchanges URL information supporting automation, metering, security, ecommerce transfers and Internet backchannel requests. eLink is designed to work with a range of home management systems and devices. eLink will support with industry standards such as CEBus and Universal Plug and Play through cross matching standard addresses into the eLink URL message structure. The automatic remote metering and control protocol provides communication between the eHub and an online database web server (eg. Utility Gateway). This enables the home owner to monitor and control devices in home via a web browser either in the home or remotely through the Internet, examples of this shown in Figure 5 where a home owner may access any one of a number of control panels such as appliance, security, environment or utilities. Once a particular panel is chosen, such as the environment in Figure 6 and security in Figure 7 the home owner can change control different systems. Thus, the home owner can turn the air conditioner on, and next time that the server updates the eHub the actual command is executed in the home. In the future this allows each home to have a equivalent IP address without a PC in the home as it resides on the Utility Gateway server. The remote eHub node can send a request within the protocol. With this backchannel capability, URL"s can be sent from the home to broadcast Internet providers supporting web browsing from TV via cable and satellite broadcast services. This feature can connect homes to the Internet through URL requests from eHome"s to their broadcast TV service provider. The utility server can act as a half duplex server that is specifically designed to pass Internet requests to these broadcast providers. By using very little additional overhead to automated metering, a utility provider can forward subscriber Internet data requests to a broadcast service provider who can transmit Internet data to a browser running on a PC or TV wrth an Internet address. Remote control is provided through the Internet by the linking of data records in the gateway Web Server. Under this arrangement each remote node has a virtual Internet address which is replicated from the server database. The home record in the server has the capability to be changed by authorised users though the Internet using eCommerce security methods (eg name & password or digital signature). The database fields in the records (including security and air-conditioning controls) are dynamically linked to the automation interface to enable residents and valid subscribers to turn on a range of connected devices in the home using the Internet. The eHub control panel, designed for the home, will provide a convergent point of access to phone, water, gas, electricity, Internet and security services. The eHome system may handle totalising counts from electricity, water and gas meters with pulsed or digital outputs including protection against tampering with the inputs. Interface to existing home automation systems is achieved through digital I/O and serial ports which allow for optional connection to a PC including providing a shared modem facility in the home. The master/slave polling message establishes an event which is used to schedule any waiting exception message to be transmitted after a programmable time delay. The eLink system features a master and slave architecture for initiating reception of secure Internet requests messages from any node. Each node may is be polled systematically, on a virtually continuous or periodic basis, by the server, which then replicates the data between the related database record and the addressed slave node. As a result of this arrangement the data transmission protocol establishes a virtual link to the Internet for remote metering, information, automation, security, control and electronic commerce in the home or business. In addition the protocol allows messages to be forwarded to Internet service providers via the server to be able to surf the internet via the eLink connection. The energy consumption measured at the remote node may deduct e-cash payments for subscribers according to authorised pre-programmed rates. The virtual Internet link allows for bi-directional secure electronic payments so that the attached smartcard and e-cash devices can remove debit or provide credit approved payments. The automatic remote metering and control protocol is defined for communication between remote nodes (eg. eHub) and a online database web server (eg. Utility Gateway) which communicate through data collection units supporting protocol conversion. A World Wide Web browser can monitor and control devices in homes and businesses via the utility server and slave nodes using the virtual link enabled by the this defined described method and protocol. A Utility Gateway Server, includes a computer which is connected to the Internet and the remote nodes through a data concentrator multiplexer unit for generation of commands and the receipt of data over communication lines. The commands generated by the server contain an address portion and a command message portion. There is an eHub automation interface node located at each customer residence. Each automation interface node is capable of selectively communicating with a plurality of utility meters and attached devices, for selectively driving a plurality of devices at a customer residence, for monitoring the status of a plurality of external contacts, and for selectively providing a plurality of alarms and messages to the customer. Each node includes a receiver for receiving commands from the server over a plurality of communication lines as well as a transmitter for transmitting return messages to the i server over the same communication line. In order to increase the through-put capability, the protocol allows priority to requests for Internet addresses over commands for meter reading and security transfers. The present invention thus provides a remote automatic meter reading, control and I security system as a background activity. It may further provide an automatic utility payment system, with encrypted security, for payment of the measured reading of a consumed commodity using a range of electronic commerce methods accepted by the consumer and the utility. Yet further it may provide a remote automatic meter reading, control and customer alert system incorporating controls for improving the energy management of utility services by customer usage and exception reporting, as well as assuring that loads which have been authorised to be turned off by the system will once again be turned on. Still further still the invention may provide a master/slave command and message interfaced with customer event requests whereby the data throughput for Internet requests is enhanced. Yet further still the present invention may provide a meter reading, control and security system incorporating polled message formats in order to provide high integrity of customer billing information, security system operation and electronic funds transfer to the server database. eLink is a unique IP based protocol for home automation using powerlines, telephone wire and radiowireless media. Under this scheme each home has an IP address on a server database with utility fields (including security and air-conditioning controls) dynamically linked to the home embedded controller (eHub automation interface node) using a master/slave polling with Internet IP embedded protocol. IP addresses can be sent from the home for supporting Internet web browsing. This eLink protocol would run on a range of hardware including the eHub in the home where it can connect to lighting, environment and entertainment networks, e-cash controls can be transferred in both directions and the protocol is suitable for industrial telemetry applications. The Home Management System includes utility billing and control via the Internet. Each home has a equivalent TCP/IP address like a street address and crossed referenced to the telephone number. The protocol includes security and authorised access to standards accepted for electronic commerce. The eLink protocol is an efficient communications scheme to provide a virtual link to connect a record in the server database to a number of services in the home. Embedded controller technology in the automation interface provides an in-home local-area network (LAN) that can control home appliances and services that implement multiple protocols in addition to the virtual link to the Utility gateway server. Each household can use a set-top box or PC as a terminal for interfacing the automation interface with major home appliances and consumers. eLink allows telemetry to function over radio, poweiiines landline, leased line, dial-up modem links and cable interfaces such as RS232, RS422, RS485. Via external converters it is also possible to link units via fibre optic. ©Link can be used for SCADA (Supervisory control and data acquisition) systems where SCADA refers to the combination of the fields of telemetry and data acquisition encompassing the collection of the information, transferring "rt back to a central site, carrying out any necessary analysis and control and then displaying this data on a number of operator screens. the server as master makes regular, repeated requests for data to each slave (eHub) in sequence, writing the data to each unit and reading that units data back in response. This is a half duplex protocol where the slave only responds to a request from the master. Each slave unit has a unique address or identification number based on IP sub-addressees to allow this to function correctly. If the slave does not respond within a defined time, the master will retry again (up to a configurable number of retries) and then carries on polling the other units in the system. It is possible to retry that unit again on several more re-transmissions before marking it as failed link after which the master will only poll it once each poll period to enable a restored link to be detected. To overcome some of the following disadvantages in polled systems eLink can use sub-master networks so that there are several small, fast messages which can be received by the server master in between polled messages. • Normally the interrupt type requests from a slave requesting urgent action cannot be handled within master/slave protocols. • Systems which are lightly loaded with minimum data changes from a slave are quite inefficient and unnecessarily slow eLink supports Report By Exception as the slave station monitors its own inputs for a request for Internet data. When such a request is detected the slave unit initiates a transmission to the Master unit and transfers that data. Timing is used to avoid potential collisions using the slave IP sub address to do this. Before any unit transmits it must first detect if any other unit is transmitting. This can be done by detecting the break in the polled transmission and another exception transmission is detected transmission a delay is required until the end of the next polled transmission before it tries again. When multiple slaves require transmission at the same time an avalanche effect can result causing erratic system operation and sometime system failure. To cope with this a fall back process is used so that if after all possible attempts send the niessage caused by the exceptions have failed, each slave stops trying to transmit and waits until polled by the master. The advantages of this are: • It reduces the unnecessary transfer of data at any particular time as in polled systems. • URL requests are detected quickly. Internet addresses are assigned to slave nodes on the Internet server which is the master for the network. Each host gateway server must have its own Internet address and support sub-addresses for each slave node. A database is normally used for Address Resolution and storage of information exchanged with each slave. It should also translate Internet addresses to Ethernet addresses when needed with LANS and WANS. eLink protocol runs over a variety of network media: IEEE 802.3 (ethemet) and 802.5 (token ring) LAN"s, X.25 lines, satellite links, and serial lines. There are standard encapsulations for eLink packets defined for many of these networks. Serial Line eLink, is used for master/slave serial connections using wire and wireless media. eLink defines a sequence of characters that frame data packets on a serial line. It provides addressing, packet type identification, error detection/correction and compression mechanisms. eLink is used for automation applications. It supports URL requests to connect homes to the Internet through a secure webserver. The utility server can act as a half duplex server that is specifically designed to pass Internet requests to broadcast systems. With very little additional overhead an utility server can forward customer data requests to a broadcast service provider who can transmit Internet data to a browser running on a PC or TV with an Internet address. eLink Wire Cable Peripheral monitoring devices such as movement detectors have traditionally been connected to a host by means of four core cable. The advent of low cost cameras and the image handling capability of eHome means that video surveillance will increasingly be used. eLink uses eight core Category 5 cable via RJ45 plugs and sockets to connect peripheral devices to eHub remote nodes. To allow manufacturers of peripheral devices to ensure their products are compatible with eHome and directly connectable to eHub nodes the following wiring printout is defined using any colours in the designated order by the following table: Thus, the present invention also provides a master wiring key configuration for multiple use of Category cable as defined by the eUnk wire printout definition which is combined with unique numbers for each device on pin 3. Embedded URL Address eLiink uses an embedded IP protocol with 128-bit addressing, allowing for an expanded addressing scheme involving sub-addressing. eLink uses the 128-bit address as follows: No of bytes Description 0-3 Standard IP Address 4-7 Customer ID, 10-digit phone number in binary, for example 8-11 Bit - cross-referenced to tables for Contact ID, CEBus Number, X10 Address, Status, enabling and command 12-15 Operator - set as a value, giving and on/off status and values eg temperature readings, and meter readings. The 128-bit address structure of eHome comprises a main address and three sub-addresses. Each address has specific significance to a Web browser: Ajvirtual link is created from the database to the device. eLink devices could be any or all of the following: • Security Camera • Air conditioner, heating unit, lights, and other connected devices • Utility Meters for Electricity, Gas, Water and Recycled Water • Energy Management Control TTjie database itself is stored on a secure web server, and accessed through a i website. The application (1) running continuously scans the database, checking for any updates, modifications, new or deleted entries, etc. When a client wished to access their home though the website, a message (2) is sent from the application to the modem connected to the web server. The message can be in the form of: • A Secure eLink Message via E-mail • A Dial-up Connection via modem using TCP/IP • Direct Internet Connection using TCP/IP (ie. not through E-mail) • Or Another Form such as radio and powertines Each house that has eHome installed uses a modem, which is connected through the Security System. The message is received by this modem, which sends it over the CEBus, or other transmission media to devices connected to the eHub. If eHub is also connected to a computer, this receives the message and initiates corresponding actions to devices in the home. The message contains information to perform functions or gather information for these devices in the home. These include: • Security Camera Pictures • Turning on/off devices • Reading Utility Meters • Energy Control reading and change of mode setting Internet protocol V6 The present Invention is particularly useful when the new Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) will become the standard. IPv6 is designed to be a simple, forward-compatible upgrade to the existing version of IP. This upgrade is also intended to resolve all of the weaknesses that IPv4 is currently manifesting, including the shortage of available IP addresses, the inability to accommodate time-sensitive traffic, and its lack of network layer security. The next generation of IP, commonly known as IPng but more correctly identified as IPv6, offers a vastly expanded addressing scheme to support the continued expansion of the Internet, and an improved ability to aggregate routes on a large scale. IPv6 also supports numerous other features, such as real-time audio or video transmissions, host mobility, end-to-end security through network layer encryption and authentication, as well as auto-configuration and auto-reconfiguration. It is expected that these services will provide ample incentive for migration as soon as IPv6-capable products become available. Many of these features still require additional standardization. Therefore, it would be premature to expound upon them at any great length. The one aspect of IPv6 that can, and should, be expounded upon is its addressing. IPv4"s 32-bit address length gave the protocol a theoretical capability to address 2 to the 32 power, or about 4 billion devices. Inefficient subnet masking techniques, among other wasteful practices, has squandered this resource. IPv6 uses a 128-bit address and is theoretically capable of 2 to the 96 power times the size of the IPv4 address space. This equals 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 mathematically possible addresses. Only about 15 percent of this potential address space is currently allocated. The remainder is reserved for future use and includes the capacity for eLink messages by direct IP mapping of devices in the home. WE CLAIM: 1. An interconnection method for a system for remote control of at least one apparatus; said system comprising the steps of: providing a first control means to communicate with said apparatus; providing a second control means to communicate with said first control means; said first control means being adapted for communication with said second control means, providing said second control means with a memory storing information about the status of said electrical apparatus and comprising an input means enabling said status to be altered; wherein when said status has been altered communicating by the second control means said new status to said first control means which subsequently checks the status of said apparatus and alters it if necessary to be the same as the new communicated status and wherein when the status of said electrical apparatus has been altered communicating the new status to the first control means and to the second control means, said second control means altering the memory to reflect the status of the apparatus, said input means comprising a web-addressable link whereby a user can access said memory via the Internet and ; assigning a web address to said at least one apparatus whereby said at least one apparatus is web-addressable independent of the nature of the communications link between said first control means and said second control means. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said web address is assigned via said second control means as a virtual address. 3. The method as claimed in claims 1 or 2, wherein said web-addressable link permits transmission of at least portions of data contained in said memory to a communication device connected to the Internet. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said web-addressable link permits a user to change at least portions of said data contained in said memory by means of said communication device. 5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said communication device is a personal computer. 6. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said communication device is a personal digital assistant. 7. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said communication device communicates with said memory by means of a wireless link. 8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said wireless link is a mobile telephone or cellular telephone link. 9. The method as claimed in claims 1 or 2, wherein said apparatus is a utility meter. 10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said meter is accessible by a utility authority through said second control means. 11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said utility authority can control said utility meter. 12. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said second control means communicates with said first control means via the Internet. 13. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said second control means communicates with said first control means via an electrical power distribution means. 14. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein said second control means receives regular status updates from said first control means. 15. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein said updates occur at regular pre¬determined temporal intervals. 16. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein said updates occur continuously. 17. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein said status comprises information such as control information, management information and service information of said apparatus. 18. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein said first control means is a microprocessor. 19. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein said second control means is a computer server. 20. The method as claimed in claim 17, wherein said information is presented as a home page on a server. 21. A system for remote control of at least one apparatus for performing the inter connection method claimed.

Full Text

Internet utility interconnect method and means
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus employing said method providing a virtual link interconnecting on-line database records to automation apparatus.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is well known to control or access a variety of apparatus in a home or a commercial environment through an electronic network, whether that be through existing telecommunication lines, by radio control or through electrical supply lines. One of the more common uses is to access various utilities, such as electrical or gas meters, or security apparatus. To achieve this, it is necessary to have an intelligent controlling means in the home or commercial environment that can be externally accessed to allow for immediate control or access to various apparatus. The difficulty with this is that to ensure one can effectively have access into the home or commercial environment, a dedicated connection into the home or commercial environment is necessary. The infrastructure necessary as well as the expense of a dedicated communication line is prohibitive to most users and utilities.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome at least some of the abovementioned problems or to provide the public with a useful alternative. This is achieved by providing a method and apparatus for a virtual link interconnecting on-line database records to automation apparatus and that is adapted to use different types of message protocols.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore in one form of the invention there is proposed a system for the remote control of at least one electrical apparatus said system including:
a first control means adapted to communicate with said apparatus;
a second control means adapted to communicate with said first control means, said first control means further adapted to communicate with said second

control means;
said second control means including a dynamic memory storing information about the status of said electrical apparatus and including an input means enabling said status to be altered:
wherein when said status has been altered the second control means communicate electrical apparatus has been altered the new status is communicated to the first control means and to the second control means, said second control means altering the dynamic memory to reflect the status of the apparatus.
In a further form of the invention there is proposed a system for the remote access of at least one utility meter said system including:
a first control means adapted to communicate with said meter;
a second control means adapted to communicate with said first control means, said first control means further adapted to communicate with said second control means;
said second control means including a dynamic memory storing information about the status of said meter wherein said status is updated by the first control means communicating said new status to said second control means status and wherein when the status of said meter has been altered the new status islcommunicated to the first control means and to the second control means, said second control means altering the dynamic memory to reflect the status of the meter.
Preferably said information is security protected from access by unauthorised persons. This can be achieved by well known password and computer software protection techniques.
Preferably said meter information is further accessible by the appropriate utility authority through said second control means. Thus, for example, the gas company may be able to access information about the use of gas at a property and can use that data for charging the customer. In addition, control of the meter may allow the gas company to shut down the flow of gas as may be necessary in ari emergency or during period of high demand. There could however be a proviso for a user to override the utility companies control.
Preferably said second control means communicates to said first control means via the Internet. Since the Internet is already a well established network with known protocols and security and is accessible from almost anywhere in the world this allows a user to control their own appliances in the home from virtually anywhere

whilst providing appropriate security.
Alternatively the second control means communicates with said first control means via an electrical power distribution means. In addition, the communication may be through any means such as cellular phone, radio network and the like.
Preferably said second control means receives regular status updates from said first control means. These updates preferably occur at regular pre-determined temporal intervals. For example, the system could be updated every 30 minutes. The update time could also change according to the time of day and the like. Thus, at night, the system may need to update only every couple of hours whereas during the day it may occur at intervals of even a few minutes.
Preferably said updates occur continuously.
In preference said status includes information such as control information, management information and service information of said apparatus. This then allows the user to know all of the information that is available.
In preference first control means is a microprocessor. This means that a home user does not need to provide for a computer to control their appliance. It can be a simple electronic microprocessor which obviously reduces the cost significantly and avoids the necessity to provide not only support for the home computer but continual upgrades.
In preference second control means is a computer server. This a single server could provide use for thousands of home users. Preferably said information is a home page on said server which is easily accessible through the Internet.
In a yet further form of the invention there is proposed a management apparatus for electrical apparatus including:
a control means on said apparatus;
a sensor on said apparatus communicating information about said apparatus to a microprocessor;
said microprocessor adapted to communicate with a server, said server accessible through the Internet and having a homepage which reflects the status of said apparatus wherein when the status of the apparatus changes, the homepage is changed to reflect the new status and when the homepage is changed the apparatus is controlled and changed to reflect the new status.

In a still further form of the invention there is proposed a household electrical appliance controller including;
a controller associated with each said appliance providing status and control information of each electrical appliance;
said controller adapted to communicate with a server accessible through the Internet, said server including a homepage displaying said status information wherein when the status of the apparatus changes, the homepage is changed to reflect the new status and when the homepage is changed the apparatus is controlled and changed to reflect the new status;
In a still further from of the invention there is proposed a method of monitoring and controlling a plurality of apparatus through the Internet including:
controlling and monitoring said apparatus by a microprocessor,
accessing said microprocessor though a communication network from a server accessible on the Internet;
providing said server with a homepage with updated information from said microprocessor; and
changing said homepage which results in said server communicating said change to said microprocessor which in turn changes said status of said apparatus.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Tb assist in understanding the invention reference is made to the following figures in which;
Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a network employing the invention;
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the invention in conjunction with security arrangements;
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the broad concept of the invention when used by utilities;

Figure 5 is a typical on-screen display that may be used by a home owner;
Figure 6 is a typical on-screen display in relation to an environment control center and
Figure 7 is a typical on-screen display in relation to a security control centre.
BEST MODES OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
To further assist in understanding the invention reference is made to the following descriptions which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Intranet protocol
The invention relates to a method and an apparatus employing that method wherein a master webserver is connected to remote slave nodes using an appropriate protocol for control and automation over networks of different media including wire, radio, microwave and poweriines.
The arrangement that acts like a virtual Internet link (VIL) which therefore responds to requests from the server and remotes to replicate information as though the remote node is connected to the Internet. The virtual link can be used for remote information reading as well as home automation and security reflected in the master server. Remote nodes can act on the Internet database information through a master/slave/exception protocol supporting automation, metering, security, electronic cash transfers and Internet URL (Universal Resource Location) requests.
In one embodiment of the invention a master/slave polling message establishes an event which is used to schedule any waiting exception message to be transmitted. The system features a master and slave architecture for initiating reception of secure Internet messages from any node. Each node may be polled systematically, by the server, which then replicates the data between the related database record and the slave node. As a result of this arrangement the data transmission protocol establishes a virtual link to the Internet for remote metering, information, automation, security, control and electronic commerce in the home or

business. In addition the protocol allows messages to be forwarded to Internet service providers via the server to be able to surf the Internet via the eLink connection.
The invention allows, for example, the energy consumption from a mains electrical power supply to be measured at the remote node and a deduction of appropriate payments for subscribers according to authorised preprogrammed rates. A virtual Internet link allows for bi-directional secure electronic payments so that the attached smartcard and e-cash devices can debit or credit approved payments. The automatic remote metering and control protocol is defined for communication between remote nodes and an on-line database web server (eg. Utility Gateway) which may communicate through data collection units supporting protocol conversion. A World Wide Web browser can monitor and control devices in homes and businesses via the utility server and slave nodes using the virtual link enabled by this described method and protocol.
Combined Transfer Media Functionality
In a further embodiment of this invention there is proposed a method for operating a remote control and monitoring system that replicates data between a host computer located at a central server site and a set of automation nodes located at a remote site. The replicating protocol provides a virtual link between the said remote site to said central website, and includes;
• means to monitor said data such as utility meter readings, security, finance and Internet requests; and
• means to link the data collected for subsequent access via the Internet
The system can communicate with a central server over existing wire and wireless communication systems, such as local telephone, cellular phone, radio, powerfines, landline, leased line, dial-up modem links and cable interfaces. The protocol may operate in a half-duplex mode over single transmission pair.

Local Electronic Billing and Payment
A further advantage of the system is that once information is known, the system may provide a gateway to advanced consumer services at the remote location including prepayment systems. For example the system could be used for an energy billing system for charging the energy usage of a metered device in accordance with a downloaded authorised rate schedule from a webserver. Each predefined rate schedule can define different times periods and amounts of payment deductions directly from an e-cash The schedule of rates and periods form part of the VIL protocol which also supports the transmission of the metered utility consumption.
Back-Channel Web Browsing
A further advantage of the invention is that it can act as a service agent for fulfilling requests of a web browser client coupled to a local PC, Digital or Web TV set-top interface. This method of transmission of simplex Internet requests, mainly URL addresses is unique through exception messaging in combination with master/slave polling of automation and/or metering information to the server. The one way simplex operation provides a back-channel capability for utility providers to deliver interactive services for their subscribers. Security, local government and on-line information providers are regarded as utilities in addition to the traditional providers of water, gas, electricity and telephone services. Under this scheme each home has a equivalent IP address on the system and the remote node can send a request within the protocol.
With this back-channel capability URL"s are sent from the home to broadcast Internet providers supporting web browsing from TV cable and satellite downfeeds. A feature of the protocol is the reversal of the high integrity polled data which has low priority in response time combined with the low integrity Internet requests which gets the highest priority for speed of transmission. In this way the protocol can connect homes to the Internet through URL requests from set top boxes to their broadcast TV service provider. The utility server can act as a half duplex server that is specifically designed to pass Internet requests to broadcast systems. With very little additional overhead to automated metering a utility provider can forward

subscriber Internet data requests to a broadcast service provider who can transmit Internet data to a browser running on a PC or TV with an Internet address.
Internet Control
The invention also provides a method of controlling devices attached to remote nodes provided through the Internet by the virtual linking of data records in the master web server. Under this arrangement each remote node has a virtual Internet address which is replicated from the server database. The web server can have the capability to be changed by authorised users though the Internet using a range of available commercial technologies. The database fields in the records (including security and air-conditioning controls) are dynamically linked to the remote nodes (automation interface node) by the VIL Protocol using a master/slave polling method with error checking to ensure integrity. This enables residents and other subscribers to turn on a range of connected devices in the home or work premises using the Internet.
Replication through sub-networks
Data concentrators may be of a type that use the same communication protocols as the remote nodes. This provides a means to route messages to a destination node through a second network and still maintain the virtual link between the server and the remote node, Data Concentrators are routers used to speed up communications in systems with many slaves. Each Data Concentrator replicates communication to a group of slaves through one communication port and acts as a large slave through the second port. The software then replicates the second port as if it were a large slave with increased speed.
The Data Concentrator or Replicator can act as a Protocol Converter and communicate with the server using a higher speed communication channel using a variety of protocols yet maintaining the overall virtual Internet Link protocol between master server and slave node. The Data Concentrators can communicate with the slave devices using dial-up telephone, leased line, microwave, radio or satellite interfaces. Additional wide area or local area

network interfaces can be used. A store and forward feature allows any Data Concentrator to relay a message to another when direct re-transmission is not possible. The data concentrator can be used to pass on or relay the message in both directions.
Exception Messaging
In another embodiment the present invention provides for a method to support exception message transmission from the slave node when a request is initiated. When such a request is detected the slave unit initiates a transmission to the Master unit and transfers that data. Timing is used to avoid potential collisions using the slave address to do this. Before any unit transmits it must first detect if any other unit is transmitting. This is achieved by detecting the break in the polled transmission and if another exception transmission is detected it delays until the end of the next polled transmission before it tries again. When multiple slaves require transmission at the same time an avalanche effect can result causing erratic system operation and sometime system failure. To cope with this a fall back process is used so that if after all possible attempts send the message caused by the exceptions have failed, each slave stops trying to transmit and waits until polled by the master.
The present invention thus relates to a method for a virtual link, hereinafter referred to as eLink interconnecting online database records to automation apparatus using a deferent type of message protocol with embedded URL"s referenced to international standard addresses for home and business devices. The new protocol allows for utility load shedding over the Internet where the utilities may include water, gas, electricity, telecommunications, security and the Internet.
Ini a preferred embodiment there is provided a method for a virtual link interconnecting online database records to automation apparatus using a different type of message protocol with embedded URL"s referenced to international standard database addresses for home and business devices. eLink protocol allows for utility load shedding over the Internet. Utilities include water, gas, electricity, telecommunications, security and Internet. eLink establishes a virtual link to the Internet for metering, information, automation, security, control and electronic commerce in the home or business. In addition Internet request messages can be forwarded to Internet service

providers via eLink. eLink collects data from the special purpose eHub automation interface in the home. This is based on embedded internet protocols IP associated with each microprocessor automation interface (eHub).
At the other end, eLink is able to connect with a secure Web Server database. The database uses IP extended addressing to map each device in the home into internet address space and is used to collect utility data from remote meters, as well as hold the status of each device for remote access over the internet.
Each home owner is represented by encrypted records in the data base, and access to relevant fields is available to each participating utility. This is illustrated in Figure 1 where the desired home appliances or utilities are mirrored on an external server. eLink provides each home owner with access to their specific meter reading data that has been collected in the data base. eLink can also provide each utility with access to its specific data in the data base. eLink thus provides the basis for both home owners and utilities to share and monitor utility resource usage.
Home owners can also perform other home based transactions and access the Internet using eLink. Transactions may be initiated from the home or any other location with an Internet connection. In particular, the home owner can initiate requests for data to be sent via cable or satellite to the TV in the home. This allows for datacasting and multicasting requests to be serviced over the utility infrastructure.
It may be noted that in the home, eHub works with all a range of home management and remote devices including C-Bus, X10, CE-Bus, l-wire and other protocols which may be multiplexed through eHome wiring network in the home. eLink assists utilities to develop systems for automatic meter reading and load shedding leading using the internet. This leads to prompt payment or prepayment systems based on ecommerce from the webserver databases.
eLink is a virtual link replicating online database records to the eHub automation interface in the home. eLink is used for remote information reading as well as home automation and security replicated in the webserver. The media independent eLink network connection with the home, exchanges URL information supporting automation, metering, security, ecommerce transfers and Internet backchannel requests.
eLink is designed to work with a range of home management systems and devices.

eLink will support with industry standards such as CEBus and Universal Plug and Play through cross matching standard addresses into the eLink URL message structure.
The automatic remote metering and control protocol provides communication between the eHub and an online database web server (eg. Utility Gateway). This enables the home owner to monitor and control devices in home via a web browser either in the home or remotely through the Internet, examples of this shown in Figure 5 where a home owner may access any one of a number of control panels such as appliance, security, environment or utilities. Once a particular panel is chosen, such as the environment in Figure 6 and security in Figure 7 the home owner can change control different systems. Thus, the home owner can turn the air conditioner on, and next time that the server updates the eHub the actual command is executed in the home.
In the future this allows each home to have a equivalent IP address without a PC in the home as it resides on the Utility Gateway server. The remote eHub node can send a request within the protocol. With this backchannel capability, URL"s can be sent from the home to broadcast Internet providers supporting web browsing from TV via cable and satellite broadcast services. This feature can connect homes to the Internet through URL requests from eHome"s to their broadcast TV service provider. The utility server can act as a half duplex server that is specifically designed to pass Internet requests to these broadcast providers. By using very little additional overhead to automated metering, a utility provider can forward subscriber Internet data requests to a broadcast service provider who can transmit Internet data to a browser running on a PC or TV wrth an Internet address.
Remote control is provided through the Internet by the linking of data records in the gateway Web Server. Under this arrangement each remote node has a virtual Internet address which is replicated from the server database. The home record in the server has the capability to be changed by authorised users though the Internet using eCommerce security methods (eg name & password or digital signature). The database fields in the records (including security and air-conditioning controls) are dynamically linked to the automation interface to enable residents and valid subscribers to turn on a range of connected devices in the home using the Internet.
The eHub control panel, designed for the home, will provide a convergent point of access to phone, water, gas, electricity, Internet and security services.

The eHome system may handle totalising counts from electricity, water and gas meters with pulsed or digital outputs including protection against tampering with the inputs. Interface to existing home automation systems is achieved through digital I/O and serial ports which allow for optional connection to a PC including providing a shared modem facility in the home.
The master/slave polling message establishes an event which is used to schedule any waiting exception message to be transmitted after a programmable time delay. The eLink system features a master and slave architecture for initiating reception of secure Internet requests messages from any node. Each node may is be polled systematically, on a virtually continuous or periodic basis, by the server, which then replicates the data between the related database record and the addressed slave node. As a result of this arrangement the data transmission protocol establishes a virtual link to the Internet for remote metering, information, automation, security, control and electronic commerce in the home or business. In addition the protocol allows messages to be forwarded to Internet service providers via the server to be able to surf the internet via the eLink connection.
The energy consumption measured at the remote node may deduct e-cash payments for subscribers according to authorised pre-programmed rates. The virtual Internet link allows for bi-directional secure electronic payments so that the attached smartcard and e-cash devices can remove debit or provide credit approved payments. The automatic remote metering and control protocol is defined for communication between remote nodes (eg. eHub) and a online database web server (eg. Utility Gateway) which communicate through data collection units supporting protocol conversion. A World Wide Web browser can monitor and control devices in homes and businesses via the utility server and slave nodes using the virtual link enabled by the this defined described method and protocol.
A Utility Gateway Server, includes a computer which is connected to the Internet and the remote nodes through a data concentrator multiplexer unit for generation of commands and the receipt of data over communication lines. The commands generated by the server contain an address portion and a command message portion.
There is an eHub automation interface node located at each customer residence. Each automation interface node is capable of selectively communicating with a plurality of utility meters and attached devices, for selectively driving a plurality of devices at a

customer residence, for monitoring the status of a plurality of external contacts, and for selectively providing a plurality of alarms and messages to the customer. Each node includes a receiver for receiving commands from the server over a plurality of communication lines as well as a transmitter for transmitting return messages to the i server over the same communication line. In order to increase the through-put capability, the protocol allows priority to requests for Internet addresses over commands for meter reading and security transfers.
The present invention thus provides a remote automatic meter reading, control and I security system as a background activity. It may further provide an automatic utility payment system, with encrypted security, for payment of the measured reading of a consumed commodity using a range of electronic commerce methods accepted by the consumer and the utility. Yet further it may provide a remote automatic meter reading, control and customer alert system incorporating controls for improving the energy management of utility services by customer usage and exception reporting, as well as assuring that loads which have been authorised to be turned off by the system will once again be turned on.
Still further still the invention may provide a master/slave command and message interfaced with customer event requests whereby the data throughput for Internet requests is enhanced. Yet further still the present invention may provide a meter reading, control and security system incorporating polled message formats in order to provide high integrity of customer billing information, security system operation and electronic funds transfer to the server database.
eLink is a unique IP based protocol for home automation using powerlines, telephone wire and radiowireless media. Under this scheme each home has an IP address on a server database with utility fields (including security and air-conditioning controls) dynamically linked to the home embedded controller (eHub automation interface node) using a master/slave polling with Internet IP embedded protocol. IP addresses can be sent from the home for supporting Internet web browsing.
This eLink protocol would run on a range of hardware including the eHub in the home where it can connect to lighting, environment and entertainment networks, e-cash controls can be transferred in both directions and the protocol is suitable for industrial telemetry applications.
The Home Management System includes utility billing and control via the Internet.

Each home has a equivalent TCP/IP address like a street address and crossed referenced to the telephone number. The protocol includes security and authorised access to standards accepted for electronic commerce. The eLink protocol is an efficient communications scheme to provide a virtual link to connect a record in the server database to a number of services in the home.
Embedded controller technology in the automation interface provides an in-home local-area network (LAN) that can control home appliances and services that implement multiple protocols in addition to the virtual link to the Utility gateway server. Each household can use a set-top box or PC as a terminal for interfacing the automation interface with major home appliances and consumers. eLink allows telemetry to function over radio, poweiiines landline, leased line, dial-up modem links and cable interfaces such as RS232, RS422, RS485. Via external converters it is also possible to link units via fibre optic.
©Link can be used for SCADA (Supervisory control and data acquisition) systems where SCADA refers to the combination of the fields of telemetry and data acquisition encompassing the collection of the information, transferring "rt back to a central site, carrying out any necessary analysis and control and then displaying this data on a number of operator screens.
the server as master makes regular, repeated requests for data to each slave (eHub) in sequence, writing the data to each unit and reading that units data back in response. This is a half duplex protocol where the slave only responds to a request from the master. Each slave unit has a unique address or identification number based on IP sub-addressees to allow this to function correctly. If the slave does not respond within a defined time, the master will retry again (up to a configurable number of retries) and then carries on polling the other units in the system. It is possible to retry that unit again on several more re-transmissions before marking it as failed link after which the master will only poll it once each poll period to enable a restored link to be detected.
To overcome some of the following disadvantages in polled systems eLink can use sub-master networks so that there are several small, fast messages which can be received by the server master in between polled messages.
• Normally the interrupt type requests from a slave requesting urgent action cannot be handled within master/slave protocols.
• Systems which are lightly loaded with minimum data changes from a slave are quite inefficient and unnecessarily slow

eLink supports Report By Exception as the slave station monitors its own inputs for a request for Internet data. When such a request is detected the slave unit initiates a transmission to the Master unit and transfers that data. Timing is used to avoid potential collisions using the slave IP sub address to do this. Before any unit transmits it must first detect if any other unit is transmitting. This can be done by detecting the break in the polled transmission and another exception transmission is detected transmission a delay is required until the end of the next polled transmission before it tries again. When multiple slaves require transmission at the same time an avalanche effect can result causing erratic system operation and sometime system failure. To cope with this a fall back process is used so that if after all possible attempts send the niessage caused by the exceptions have failed, each slave stops trying to transmit and waits until polled by the master. The advantages of this are:
• It reduces the unnecessary transfer of data at any particular time as in polled systems.
• URL requests are detected quickly.
Internet addresses are assigned to slave nodes on the Internet server which is the master for the network. Each host gateway server must have its own Internet address and support sub-addresses for each slave node. A database is normally used for Address Resolution and storage of information exchanged with each slave. It should also translate Internet addresses to Ethernet addresses when needed with LANS and WANS.
eLink protocol runs over a variety of network media: IEEE 802.3 (ethemet) and 802.5 (token ring) LAN"s, X.25 lines, satellite links, and serial lines. There are standard encapsulations for eLink packets defined for many of these networks. Serial Line eLink, is used for master/slave serial connections using wire and wireless media.
eLink defines a sequence of characters that frame data packets on a serial line. It provides addressing, packet type identification, error detection/correction and compression mechanisms.
eLink is used for automation applications. It supports URL requests to connect homes to the Internet through a secure webserver. The utility server can act as a half duplex server that is specifically designed to pass Internet requests to broadcast systems. With very little additional overhead an utility server can

forward customer data requests to a broadcast service provider who can transmit Internet data to a browser running on a PC or TV with an Internet address.
eLink Wire Cable
Peripheral monitoring devices such as movement detectors have traditionally been connected to a host by means of four core cable. The advent of low cost cameras and the image handling capability of eHome means that video surveillance will increasingly be used. eLink uses eight core Category 5 cable via RJ45 plugs and sockets to connect peripheral devices to eHub remote nodes.
To allow manufacturers of peripheral devices to ensure their products are compatible with eHome and directly connectable to eHub nodes the following wiring printout is defined using any colours in the designated order by the following table:

Thus, the present invention also provides a master wiring key configuration for multiple use of Category cable as defined by the eUnk wire printout definition which is combined with unique numbers for each device on pin 3.
Embedded URL Address
eLiink uses an embedded IP protocol with 128-bit addressing, allowing for an expanded addressing scheme involving sub-addressing. eLink uses the 128-bit address as follows:

No of bytes Description
0-3 Standard IP Address
4-7 Customer ID, 10-digit phone number in binary, for example
8-11 Bit - cross-referenced to tables for Contact ID, CEBus Number, X10
Address, Status, enabling and command 12-15 Operator - set as a value, giving and on/off status and values eg
temperature readings, and meter readings.
The 128-bit address structure of eHome comprises a main address and three sub-addresses. Each address has specific significance to a Web browser:
Ajvirtual link is created from the database to the device. eLink devices could be any or all of the following:
• Security Camera
• Air conditioner, heating unit, lights, and other connected devices
• Utility Meters for Electricity, Gas, Water and Recycled Water
• Energy Management Control
TTjie database itself is stored on a secure web server, and accessed through a
i website. The application (1) running continuously scans the database, checking for any
updates, modifications, new or deleted entries, etc.
When a client wished to access their home though the website, a message (2) is sent from the application to the modem connected to the web server. The message can be in the form of:
• A Secure eLink Message via E-mail
• A Dial-up Connection via modem using TCP/IP
• Direct Internet Connection using TCP/IP (ie. not through E-mail)
• Or Another Form such as radio and powertines
Each house that has eHome installed uses a modem, which is connected through the Security System. The message is received by this modem, which sends it over the CEBus, or other transmission media to devices connected to the eHub.
If eHub is also connected to a computer, this receives the message and initiates corresponding actions to devices in the home. The message contains information to perform functions or gather information for these devices in the home. These include:
• Security Camera Pictures

• Turning on/off devices
• Reading Utility Meters
• Energy Control reading and change of mode setting
Internet protocol V6
The present Invention is particularly useful when the new Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) will become the standard. IPv6 is designed to be a simple, forward-compatible upgrade to the existing version of IP. This upgrade is also intended to resolve all of the weaknesses that IPv4 is currently manifesting, including the shortage of available IP addresses, the inability to accommodate time-sensitive traffic, and its lack of network layer security.
The next generation of IP, commonly known as IPng but more correctly identified as IPv6, offers a vastly expanded addressing scheme to support the continued expansion of the Internet, and an improved ability to aggregate routes on a large scale.
IPv6 also supports numerous other features, such as real-time audio or video transmissions, host mobility, end-to-end security through network layer encryption and authentication, as well as auto-configuration and auto-reconfiguration. It is expected that these services will provide ample incentive for migration as soon as IPv6-capable products become available. Many of these features still require additional standardization. Therefore, it would be premature to expound upon them at any great length.
The one aspect of IPv6 that can, and should, be expounded upon is its addressing. IPv4"s 32-bit address length gave the protocol a theoretical capability to address 2 to the 32 power, or about 4 billion devices. Inefficient subnet masking techniques, among other wasteful practices, has squandered this resource.
IPv6 uses a 128-bit address and is theoretically capable of 2 to the 96 power times the size of the IPv4 address space. This equals
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 mathematically possible addresses. Only about 15 percent of this potential address space is currently allocated. The remainder is reserved for future use and includes the capacity for eLink messages by direct IP mapping of devices in the home.

WE CLAIM:
1. An interconnection method for a system for remote control of at least one
apparatus; said system comprising the steps of:
providing a first control means to communicate with said apparatus;
providing a second control means to communicate with said first control means;
said first control means being adapted for communication with said second control means,
providing said second control means with a memory storing information about the status of said electrical apparatus and comprising an input means enabling said status to be altered;
wherein when said status has been altered communicating by the second control means said new status to said first control means which subsequently checks the status of said apparatus and alters it if necessary to be the same as the new communicated status and wherein when the status of said electrical apparatus has been altered communicating the new status to the first control means and to the second control means, said second control means altering the memory to reflect the status of the apparatus, said input means comprising a web-addressable link whereby a user can access said memory via the Internet and ;
assigning a web address to said at least one apparatus whereby said at least one apparatus is web-addressable independent of the nature of the communications link between said first control means and said second control means.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said web address is assigned via
said second control means as a virtual address.

3. The method as claimed in claims 1 or 2, wherein said web-addressable link permits transmission of at least portions of data contained in said memory to a communication device connected to the Internet.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said web-addressable link permits a user to change at least portions of said data contained in said memory by means of said communication device.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said communication device is a personal computer.
6. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said communication device is a personal digital assistant.
7. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said communication device communicates with said memory by means of a wireless link.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said wireless link is a mobile telephone or cellular telephone link.
9. The method as claimed in claims 1 or 2, wherein said apparatus is a utility meter.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said meter is accessible by a utility authority through said second control means.
11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said utility authority can control said utility meter.

12. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said second control means communicates with said first control means via the Internet.
13. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said second control means communicates with said first control means via an electrical power distribution means.
14. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein said second control means receives regular status updates from said first control means.
15. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein said updates occur at regular pre¬determined temporal intervals.
16. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein said updates occur continuously.
17. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein said status comprises information such as control information, management information and service information of said apparatus.
18. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein said first control means is a microprocessor.
19. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein said second control means is a computer server.
20. The method as claimed in claim 17, wherein said information is presented as a home page on a server.

21. A system for remote control of at least one apparatus for performing the inter connection method claimed.

Documents:

in-pct-2001-171-che abstract-duplicate.pdf

in-pct-2001-171-che abstract.pdf

in-pct-2001-171-che claims-duplicate.pdf

in-pct-2001-171-che claims.pdf

in-pct-2001-171-che correspondence-others.pdf

in-pct-2001-171-che correspondence-po.pdf

in-pct-2001-171-che description (complete)-duplicate.pdf

in-pct-2001-171-che description (complete).pdf

in-pct-2001-171-che drawings.pdf

in-pct-2001-171-che form-1.pdf

in-pct-2001-171-che form-19.pdf

in-pct-2001-171-che form-26.pdf

in-pct-2001-171-che form-3.pdf

in-pct-2001-171-che form-5.pdf

in-pct-2001-171-che others.pdf

in-pct-2001-171-che pct.pdf

in-pct-2001-171-che petition.pdf

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Patent Number

215969

Indian Patent Application Number

IN/PCT/2001/171/CHE

PG Journal Number

13/2008

Publication Date

31-Mar-2008

Grant Date

05-Mar-2008

Date of Filing

06-Feb-2001

Name of Patentee

EHOME CORPORATION PTY LIMITED

Applicant Address

239 Magill Road Maylands, S.A. 5067,

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	NGO, Get, Sen	9-3 Orange Lane Norwood, SA 5067,
2	PARSONS, Ewan	239 Magill Road Stepney, SA 5067,

PCT International Classification Number

G05B 15/00

PCT International Application Number

PCT/AU1999/000576

PCT International Filing date

1999-07-16

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	PP 4710	1998-07-16	Australia