Title of Invention

NUCLEOSIDE DERIVATIVES FOR TREATING HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION .

Abstract Disclosed are compounds, and compositions treating hepatitis C virus infections.
Full Text NUCLEOSIDE DERIVATIVES FOR TREATING HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION
Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, in particular to compounds, compositions and methods for treating hepatitis C viral infections.
References
The following publications are cited in this application as superscript
numbers:
1. Chen, et at, Med. Assoc, 95(1):6-12 (1996)
2. Comberg, et al., "Hepatitis C: therapeutic perspectives." Forum
(Genova), 11(2): 154-62 (2001)
3. Dymock, et alt Antivir. Chem. Chemother. li(2):79-96 (2000)
4. Devos, et at, International Patent Application Publication No. WO
02/18404 A2, published 7 March 2002
_5. Sommadossi, et al, International Patent Application Publication No. WO 01/90121, published 23 May 2001
6. Carroll, et al.t International Patent Application Publication No.
WO 02/057425
7. Seela, F.; Steker, H., Liebigs Anm Chem., p. 1576 (1983).
8. Li, N-.S.; Tang, X.-Q.; Piccirilli, J. A., Organic Letters,
3(7):1025 (2001).
1

All of the above publications are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety to the same extent as if each individual publication was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety.
State of the Art
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes a liver damaging infection that can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure or liver cancer, and eventually death. HCV is an enveloped virus containing a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome of approximately 9.4 kb, and has a virion size of 30-60 nm.1
HCV is a major causative agent for post-transfusion and for sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis. Infection by HCV is insidious in a high proportion of chronically infected (and infectious) carriers who may not experience clinical symptoms for many years.
HCV is difficult to treat and it is estimated that there are 500 million people infected with it worldwide. No effective immunization is currently available, and hepatitis C can only be controlled by other preventive measures such as improvement in hygiene and sanitary conditions and interrupting the route of transmission.
At present, the only acceptable treatment for chronic hepatitis C is interferon (EFN-alpha) and this requires at least six (6) months of treatment and/or ribavarin, which can inhibit viral replication in infected cells and also improve liver function in some people.
IFN-alpha belongs to a family of naturally occurring small proteuos with characteristic biological effects such as antiviral, immunoregulatory and antitumoral activities that are produced and secreted by most animal nucleated cells in response to several diseases, in particular, viral infections. IFN-alpha is an important regulator of growth and differentiation affecting cellular communication and immunological control. Treatment of HCV with interferon, however, has limited long term efficacy with a response rate about 25%. In addition, treatment of HCV with interferon has frequently been associated with adverse side effects such as fatigue, fever, chills, headache,
2

myalgias, arthralgias, mild alopecia, psychiatric effects and associated disorders, autoimmune phenomena and associated disorders and thyroid dysfunction.
Ribavirin (1-?-D-ribofuranosyl-l H-1,2,-triazole-3-carboxarnide), an inhibitor of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), enhances the efficacy of IFN-alpha in the treatment of HCV. Despite the introduction of ribavirin, more than 50% of the patients do not eliminate the virus with the current standard therapy of interferon-alpha (IFN) and ribavirin. By now, standard therapy of chronic hepatitis C has been changed to the combination of PEG-IFN plus ribavirin. However, a number of patients still have significant side effects, primarily related to ribavirin. Ribavirin causes significant hemolysis in 10-20% of patients treated at currently recommended doses, and the drug is both teratogenic and embryotoxic.
Other approaches are being taken to combat the virus. They include, for example, application of antisense oligonucleotides or ribozymes for inhibiting HCV replication. Furthermore, low-molecular weight compounds that directly inhibit HCV proteins and interfere with viral replication are considered as attractive strategies to control HCV infection. NS3/4A serine protease, ribonucleic acid (RNA) helicase, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase are considered as potential targets for new drugs.2,3
Devos, et al.4 describes purine and pyrimidine nucleoside derivatives and their use as inhibitors of HCV RNA replication. Sommadossi, et al5 describes 1',2' or 3'-modified nucleosides and their use for treating a host infected with HCV.
Given the fact of the worldwide epidemic level of HCV, there is a strong need for new effective drugs for HCV treatment. The present invention provides nucleoside derivatives for treating HCV infections.
3

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention is directed to novel compounds that are useful in the treatment of HCV in mammals. Specifically, in one aspect, the compounds of this invention are represented by Formula I below:

wherein R and R1 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, alkyl,
substituted alkyl, alkenyl,
substituted alkenyl, alkynyl,
substituted alkynyl;
R13 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and substituted alkyl;
R14 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and substituted alkyl;
A, B, D, and E are independently selected from the group consisting of >N, >CH, >C-CN, >C-NO2, >C-alkyl, >C-substituted alkyl, >C-alkenyl, >C-substituted alkenyl, >C-alkynyl, >C-substituted alkynyl, >C-NHCONH2> >C-CONR15R16, >C-COOR15, >C-hydroxy, >C-alkoxy, >C-amino, >C-alkylamino, >C-dialkylarnino, >C-halogen, >C-(l,3-oxazol-2-yl),
4

>C-(l,3-oxazol-5-yl), >C-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl), >C(2-oxo-[l,3]dithiol-4-yl), >C-(furan-2-yl), and >C-( 2H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl);
F is selected from >N, >C-CN, >C-NO2, >C-alkyl, >C-substituted alkyl, >C-aikenyi, >C-substituted alkenyl, >C-alkynyl, >C-substituted alkynyl, >C-NHCONH2, >C-CONR15R16, >C-COOR15, >C-alkoxy, >C-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl), >C-(l,3-oxazol-5-yl), >C-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl), >C-(imidazol-2-yl), >C-(2-oxo-[l,3]dithiol-4-yl), >C-(furan-2-yl),>C-( 2H-[l,2»3]triazoI-4-yl)> and >C-Y, where Y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, alkylthioether, and -NR3R4 where R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted allcoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocych'c, substituted heterocyclic and where R3 and R4 are joined to form, together with the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group, provided that only one of R3 and R4 is hydroxy, alkoxy, or substituted alkoxy;
R15 and R16 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
alkyl,
substituted alkyl,
cycloalkyl,
substituted cycloalkyl,
aryl,
substituted aryl,
heteroaryl,
substituted heteroaryl, and
R15 and R16 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may form a hetercycloalkyl, substituted heterocylcoalkyl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl group;
W, W2, and W3are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
5

a phosphate,
a phosphonate,
a monofluorophosphate,
acyl,
a sulfonate ester,
a lipid,
an amino acid,
a carbohydrate,
a peptide, and
cholesterol;
and pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs and salts thereof; provided that the compound of Formula I is not:
a) 9-(p-?-riboniranosyl)-6-hydroxylaminopiurine;
b) 7-(p-?-ribofuranosyl)- 4- hydroxylamino-pynolo[2,3-
d]pyrirnidine;
c) 9-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)-6-hydroxylaminopurine;
d)9-(5'-0-monophosphate-p-?-ribofuranosyl)-6-hydroxylaminopurine; and
e)9-(5'-0-triphosphate-P-?-ribofuranosyl)-6-hydroxylaminopurine. Preferably, R and Rl are not both hydrogen.
6
In another of its compound aspects, this invention is directed to a compound of Formula IA:


wherein R and Rl are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, alkyl,
substituted alkyl, alkenyl,
substituted alkenyl, alkynyl,
substituted alkynyl;
provided that R and R1 are not both hydrogen; R13 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and substituted alkyl;
R14 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and substituted alkyl;
A, B, D, and E are independently selected from the group consisting of >N, >CH, >C-CN, >C-NO2, >C-alkyl, >C-substituted alkyl, >C-NHCONH2, >C-CONR15R15, >C-COOR15, >C-hydroxy, >C-aIkoxy, >C-aminos >C-alkylamino, >C-dialkylamino, >C-halogen, >C-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl), >C-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl) and >C-(imidazol-2-yl);
F is selected from >N, >C-CN, >C-NO2, >C-alkyl, >C-substituted alkyl, >C-NHCONH2, >C-CONR15R16, >C-COOR15, >C-alkoxy, >C-(l,3-oxazol-2-yl), >C-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl), >C-(imidazol-2-yl), and >C-Y, where Y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, alkylthioether, and -NR3R4 where R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted allcenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic and where R3 and R4 are joined to form, together with the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group, provided that only one of R3 and R4 are hydroxy, alkoxy, or substituted alkoxy;
R15 and R16 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
7

hydrogen, alkyl,
substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl,
substituted cycloalkyl, aryl,
substituted aryl, heteroaryl,
substituted heteroaryl, and
R15 and R16 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may form a hetercycloalkyl, substituted heterocylcoalkyl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl group;
W is selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
a phosphate,
a phosphonate,
acyl,
alkyl,
a sulfonate ester,
alipid,
an amino acid,
a carbohydrate,
a peptide, and
cholesterol;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, provided that the compound of Formula IA is not 9-(2'-C-methyl-a-D-ribofuranosyl)-6-hydroxylaminopurine.
S


In still another of its compound aspects, this invention is directed to a compound of Formula IB:
wherein R and R1 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, alkyl,
substituted alkyl, alkenyl,
substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, and substituted alkynyl;
R13 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and substituted alkyl;
R14 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and substituted alkyl;
Y is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, alkylthioether,
-NR3R4 where R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy,
9

aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic and where R3 and R4 are joined to form, together with the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group, provided that only one of R3 and R4 is hydroxy, alkoxy, or substituted alkoxy; Z is selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
halo,
hydroxy,
alkyl,
substituted alkyl,
alkenyl,
substituted alkenyl,
alkynyl,
substituted alkynyl,
cyano,
carboxyl,
carboxyl ester,
acylamino,
l,3-oxazol-2-yl,
1,3-oxazol-5-yl,
l,3-thiazol-2-yl,
imidazol-2-yl,
2-oxo-[l,3]dithiol-4-yl,
furan-2-yl, 2H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl, and
-NR3R4 where R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic and 'where R3 and R4 are joined to form, together with
10

the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group, provided that only one of R3 and R4 are hydroxy, alkoxy, or substituted allcoxy;
W? W2, and W3 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
a phosphate,
a phosphonate,
a monofluorophosphate
acyl,
a sulfonate ester,
alipid,
an amino acid,
a carbohydrate,
a peptide, and
cholesterol;
and pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs and salts thereof; provided that the compound of Formula IB is not:
a) 9-(?-D-riboruranosyl)-6-hydroxylammopurine;
b) 9-(2'-C-memyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)-6-hydroxylaminopurine;
c) 9-(5 '-0-monophosphate-?-D-ribofuranosyl)-6-
hydroxylaminopurine; and
d) 9-(5 '-0-triphosphate-?-D-ribomranosyl)-6-hydroxylaininopurme.
Preferably at least one of R and R1 is other than hydrogen.
In another of its compound aspects, this invention is directed to a compound of Formula IC:
11


wherein R and R1 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
alkyl,
substituted alkyl,
alkenyl,
substituted alkenyl,
alkynyl, and
substituted alkynyl,
provided that R and R1 are not both hydrogen; R13 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and substituted alkyl;
R14 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and substituted alkyl;
Y is selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
halo,
hydroxy,
alkylthioether,
-NR3R4 where R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic and where R3 and R4 are joined to form, together with
12

the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group, provided that only one of R3 and R4 is hydroxy, alkoxy, or substituted alkoxy; Z is selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
halo,
hydroxy,
alkyl, and
-NR3R4 where R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic and where R and R are joined to form, together with the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group, provided that only one
.
of R3 and R4 is hydroxy, alkoxy, or substituted alkoxy; W is selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
a phosphate,
a phosphonate,
acyl,
a sulfonate ester,
a lipid,
an amino acid,
a carbohydrate,
a peptide, and
cholesterol;
and phannaceutically acceptable salts thereof, provided that the compound of Formula IC is not 9-(2*-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)-6-(-S or R Inactive-)-hydrpxylaminopurine.
In another of its compound aspects, this invention is directed to a compound of Formula IC-A:
13


wherein R and R1 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
alkyl,
substituted alkyl,
alkenyl,
substituted alkenyl,
alkynyl, and
substituted alkynyl,
provided that R and Rl are not both hydrogen; R2 is -NR3R4 where R3 is hydrogen and R4 is hydroxy or alkoxy, Y is selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
halo,
hydroxy,
alkylthioether,
-NR3R4 where R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic., substituted heterocyclic and where R3 and R4 are joined to form, together with the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group;
Z is selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
14

halo,
hydroxy, and
-NR.3R4 where R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic and where R3 and R4 are j oined to form, together with the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group;
W is selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
a phosphate,
acyl,
a sulfonate ester,
alipid,
an amino acid,
a carbohydrate,
a peptide, and
cholesterol;
and phannaceuticaliy acceptable salts thereof; provided that the compound if Formula IC-A is not 9-(2'-C-methyI-a-D-riboraranosyl)-6-hydroxylammopurine.
15

In another of its composition aspects, this invention is directed to a compound of Formula ID:

wherein R and R1 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
alkyl,
substituted alkyl,
alkenyl,
substituted alkenyl,
alkynyl, and
substituted alkynyl;
R13 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and substituted allcyl;
R14 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and substituted allcyl;
Y is selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
halo,
hydroxy,
alkylthioether, and
-NR3R4 where R3 and R4 are independently selected from the
16

group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic and where R3 and R4 are joined to form, together with the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group, provided that only one of R3 and R4 is hydroxy, alkoxy, or substituted alkoxy; Z2 is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, alkyl,
substituted alkyl, alkenyl,
substituted alkenyl, alkynyl,
substituted alkynyl, cyano carboxyl, carboxyl ester, acylamino, l,3-oxazol-2-yl, ls3-oxazol-5-yl, l,3-thiazol-2-yl, imidazol-2-yl, 2-oxo-[l,3]dithiol-4-yl, furan-2-yl,
2H-tl,2,3]triazol-4-yl, and
-NR3R4 where R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic,
17

substituted heterocyclic and where R3 and R4 are j oined to form, together with the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group, provided that only one of R3 and R4 is hydroxy, alkoxy, or substituted alkoxy;
W, W2, and W3are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, a phosphate, phosphorate, monofluorophosphate acyl, alkyl,
a sulfonate ester, a lipid,
an amino acid, a carbohydrate, a pepti.de, and cholesterol;
and pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs and salts thereof; provided that the compound if Formula ID is not 7-(?-D-ribofuranosyl)- 4- hydroxylamino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine.
Preferably, at least one of R or R1 is other than hydrogen. In yet another of its compound aspects, this invention is directed to a compound of Formula IE:
18


wherein R and R1 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, alkyl,
substituted alkyl, alkenyl,
substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, and substituted alkynyl;
R13 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and substituted alkyl;
R14 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and substituted alkyl;
Y is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, halo, hydroxy,
alkylthioether, and
-NR3R4 where R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic and where R3 and R4 are joined to form, together with
19

the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group, provided that only one of R3 and R4 is hydroxy, alkoxy, or substituted alkoxy; Z3 is selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
halo,
hydroxy,
alkyl,
substituted alkyl,
alkenyl,
substituted alkenyl,
alkynyl,
substituted alkynyl,
cyano
carboxyl,
carboxyl ester,
acylamino,
l,3-oxazol-2-yl,
l,3-oxazol-5-yl,
l,3-thiazol-2-yl,
imidazol-2-yl,
2-oxo-[l,3]dithiol-4-yl,
furan-2-yl, 2H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl, and
-NR3R4 where R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic and where R3 and R4 are joined to form, together with the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group, provided that only one of R3 and R4 is hydroxy, alkoxy, or substituted alkoxy;
20

W, W2, and W3are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
a phosphate,
aphosphonate,
a monofluorophosphate,
acyl,
a sulfonate ester,
alipid,
an amino acid,
a carbohydrate,
a peptide, and
cholesterol;
and phannaceutically acceptable prodrugs and salts thereof.
Preferably, at least one of R and R1 is other than hydrogen. In another of its composition aspects, this invention is directed to a compound of formula II:

wherein R and R1 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, alkyl,
substituted alkyl, alkenyl,
21

substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, and substituted alkynyl; Y2 is CH2, N, O, S, SO, or SO2;
N together with -C(H)b and Y2 fonns a heterocych'c, substituted heterocyclic, heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl group wherein each of said heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl group is optionally fused to form a bi- or multi-fused ring system (preferably no more than 5 fused rings) with one or more ring structures selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclic, aryl and heteroaryl group which, in turn, each of such ring structures is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, halo, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, thioalkyl, substituted thioalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, nitro, cyano, carboxyl, carboxyl esters, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl* substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, amino, and substituted amino;
b is an integer equal to 0 or 1;
A, B, D, and E are independently selected from the group consisting of >N, >CH, >C-CN, >C-NO2, X>alkyl, >C-substituted alkyl, >C-alkenyl, >C-substituted alkenyl, >C-alkynyl, >C-substituted alkynyl, >C-NHCONH2, >C-CONR15R16, >C-COOR15, >C-hydroxy, >C-alkoxy, >C-amino, >C-alkylamino, >C-diaUcylamino, >C-halogen, >C-(l,3-oxazol-2-yl), >C-(l,3-oxazol-5-yl), >C-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl), >C-(imidazol-2-yl), >C-(2-oxo-[l,3]dithiol-4-yl), >C-(furan-2-yl), and >O( 2H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl);
F is selected from >N, >C-CN, >C-NO2, >C-alkyl, >C-substituted alkyl, >C-alkenyl, >C-substituted alkenyl, >C-aJkynyl, >C-substituted alkynyl, >C-NHCONH2s >C-CONR15R16, >C-COOR15, >C-alkoxy, >C-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl), >C-(l,3-oxazol-5-yl), >C-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl), >C-(imidazol-2-yl), >C-(2-oxo-[l,3]dithiol-4-yl), >C-(furan-2-yl),>C-( 2H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl), and >C-Y, where Y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, alkylthioether, and -NR3R4 where R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted
22

alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic and where R3 and R4 are joined to form, together with the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group, provided that only one of R3 and R4 are hydroxy, alkoxy, or substituted alkoxy;
R15 and R16 are independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, alkyl,
substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl,
substituted cycloalkyl, aryl,
substituted aryl, heteroaryl,
substituted heteroaryl, and .
R15 and R16 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may form a hetercycloalkyl, substituted heterocylcoalkyl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl;
W, W2, and W3are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
a phosphate,
a phosphonate,
a monofluorophosphate,
acyl,
a sulfonate ester,
alipid,
an amino acid,
a carbohydrate,
a peptide, and
cholesterol;
23

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Preferably, at least one of R and Rl is other than hydrogen. In still a further compound aspect, this invention is directed to compounds of Formula ILA:

wherein R and R1 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
alkyl,
suhstituted alkyl,
alkenyl,
substituted alkenyl,
alkynyl, and
substituted alkynyl,
provided that R and R1 are not both hydrogen; Y2 is CH2, N, O, S, SO, or SO2;
N together with -C(H)b and Y2 forms a heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl group wherein each of said heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl group is optionally fused to form a bi- or multi-fused ring system (preferably no more than 5 fused rings) with one or more ring structures selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclic, aryl and heteroaryl group which, in turn, each of such ring structures is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group
24

consisting of hydroxyl, halo, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, thioalkyl, substituted thioalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, nitro, cyano, carboxyl, carboxyl esters, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, amino, and substituted amino;
b is an integer equal to 0 or 1; W is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, a phosphate, aphosphonate, acyl, alkyl,
a sulfonate ester, a lipid,
an amino acid, a carbohydrate, a peptide, and cholesterol;
Y is selected from the group consisting of Y is selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, halo, hydroxy,
alkylthioether, and
-NR3R4 where R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl and substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic and where R3 and R4 are joined to form, together with the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group, provided that only one ) of R3 and R4 is hydroxy,. alkoxy, or substituted alkoxy; Z is selected from the group consisting of:
25

hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, alkyl, and
-NR3R4 where R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl3 alkynyl and substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic and where R3 and R4 is joined to form, together with the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group, provided that only one of R3 and R4 are hydroxy, alkoxy, or substituted alkoxy;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. In one preferred embodiment, R14 in Formula I-IE is hydrogen and R13 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and hydrogen.
In another preferred embodiment, R14 in Formula I-IE is hydrogen and R13 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, p-propyl, and the like.
Preferably, in the compounds of this invention, R is hydrogen and R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, vinyl, allyl, acetylenyl, propargyl, trifluoromethyl and the like.
In one preferred embodiment, A is >CH, B is >N, D is >N, F is >CH or >C-Y and E is >N in the compounds of Formula I.
In another preferred embodiment, A is >CH, B is >C-Q, D is >N, F is >CH or >C-Y and E is >N in the compounds of Formula I where Q is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, cyano, acylamido, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heteroaryl More preferably, Q is hydrogen, chloro, bromo, cyano, H2NC(O)-, methyl, ethyl, vinyl, acetylenyl and oxazidin-2-yl..
In another preferred embodiment, A is >N, B is >C-Q, D is >N, F is >CH or >C-Y and E is >N in the compounds of Formula I where Q is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, cyano, acylamido, alkyl, alkenyl
26,

and alkynyl. More preferably, Q is hydrogen, chloro, bromo, cyano, H2NC(O)-S methyl, ethyl, vinyl and acetylenyl.
In a preferred embodiment, W is hydrogen, acyl or triphosphate in the compounds of this invention.
In the compounds of Formula I, IB, ID, IE and H, W2 and W3 are preferably hydrogen or acyl. More preferably, W2 is hydrogen or acyl and W3 is hydrogen. Particularly preferred acyl groups are derived from amino acid group such as (CH3)2CH(NH2)C(O)-, trimethylacetyl, acetyl, and the like.
In one preferred embodiment of the compounds of Formula II and HA, N together with -C(H)b and Y2 forms a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group. Such preferred groups are exemplified by 2-carboxamido-pyrrolidin-l-yl, piperidin-1-yl, N-morpholino, N-thiomorpbolino, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolin-1-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl, l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoun-2-yl, 1,3,4,9-tetrahydro-beta-carbolin-2-yl, and the like.
27
Compounds included within the scope of this invention include, for example, those set forth below (including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof):



28


29


30


31


32


33


This invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent and a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of this invention or mixtures of one or more of such compounds.
This invention is still further directed to methods for treating HCV in mammals which methods comprise administering to a mammal diagnosed with HCV or at risk of developing HCV a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent and a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of this invention or mixtures of one or more of such compounds.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention is directed to compounds, compositions and methods for treating hepatitis C viral infections. However, prior to describing this invention in detail, the following terms will first be defined:
Definitions
As used herein, "alkyl" refers to alkyl groups having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms and more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms. This term is exemplified by groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, f-butyl, n-pentyl and the like.
"Substituted alkyl" refers to an alkyl group having from 1 to 3, and preferably 1 to 2, substiruents selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, substituted alkoxy,
34

acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted amino, aminoacyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, substituted aryloxy, cyano, halogen, hydxoxyl, nitro, carboxyl, carboxyl esters, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and substituted heterocyclic.
"Alkoxy" refers to the group "alkyl-O-" which includes, by way of example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy, r-butoxy, sec-butoxy, n-pentoxy and the like.
"Substituted alkoxy" refers to the group "substituted alkyl-O-". "Acyl" refers to the groups H-C(O>, alkyl-C(O)-, substituted alkyl-C(O)-, alkenyl-C(O)-, substituted alkenyl-C(O)-, alkynyl-C(O)-, substituted alkynyl-C(O)-cycloalkyl-C(O), substituted cycloalkyl-C(O)-, aryl-C)-, substituted aryl-C(O)-, heteroaryl-C(O)-, substituted heteroaryl-C(O), heterocyclic-C(O)-, and substituted heterocyclic-C(O)- wherein alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic are as defined herein.
"Acylamino" refers to the group -C(O)NRR where each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic and where each R is joined to form together with the nitrogen atom a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic ring wherein alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic are as denned herein.
"Acyloxy" refers to the groups alkyl-C(O)O-, substituted alkyl-C(O)O-, alkenyl-C(O)O-, substituted alkenyl-C(O)O-, alkynyl-C(O)O-, substituted alkynyl-C(O)O-, aryl-C(O).O-, substituted aryl-C(O)O, cycloalkyl-C(O)O, substituted cycloalkyl-C(O)O-, heteroaryl-C(O)O-, substituted heteroaryl-C(0)0-, heterocyclic-C(O)O-, and substituted heterocyclic-C(O)O- wherein alkyl, substituted alkyl,. alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted
35

cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic are as defined herein.
"Alkenyl" refers to alkenyl group preferably having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and more preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms and having at least 1 and preferably from
1 -2 sites of alkenyl unsaturation. Such groups are exemplified by vinyl, allyl, but-3-
en-l-yl, and the like.
"Substituted alkenyl" refers to alkenyl groups having from 1 to 3 substituents, and preferably 1 to 2 substituents, selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted amino, aminoacyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, substituted aryloxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, nitro, carboxyl, carboxyl esters, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and substituted heterocyclic with the proviso that any hydroxyl substitution is not attached to a vinyl (unsaturated) carbon atom.
"Alkynyl" refers to alkynyl group preferably having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and more preferably 2 to 3 carbon atoms and having at least 1 and preferably from 1-
2 sites of alkynyl unsaturation.
"Substituted alkynyl" refers to alkynyl groups having from 1 to 3 substituents, and preferably 1 to 2 substituents, selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted amino, aminoacyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, substituted aryloxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, nitro, carboxyl, carboxyl esters, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and substituted heterocyclic.
"Amino" refers to the group -NH2.
"Substituted amino" refers to the group -NR'R" where R' and R" are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic and where R' and R" are joined, together with the nitrogen bound thereto to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocylic group provided that R' and R" are both not hydrogen. When R' is hydrogen and R" is alkyl, the substituted
36

amino group is sometimes referred to herein as alkylamino. When R' and R." are alkyl, the substituted amino group is sometimes referred to herein as dialkylamino. "Aminoacyl" refers to the groups -NRC(O)alkyl, -NRC(O)substituted alkyl, -NRC(O)cycloalkyl, -NRC(O)substituted cycloalkyl, -NRC(O)alkenyl, -NRC(O)substituted alkenyl, -NRC(O)aIkynyl, -NRC(O)substituted alkynyl, -NRC(O)aryl, -NRC(O)substituted aryl, -NRC(O)heteroaryl, -NRC(O)substituted heteroaryl, -NRC(O)heterocyclic, and -NRC(O)substituted heterocyclic where R is hydrogen or alkyl and wherein alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic are as defined herein.
"Aryl" or "Ar" refers to a monovalent aromatic carbocyclic group of from 6 to 14 carbon atoms having a single ring (e.g., phenyl) or multiple condensed rings (e.g., naphthyl or anthryl) which condensed rings may or may not be aromatic (e.g., 2-benzoxazblinone, 2H-l,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)rone-7-yl, and the like) provided that the point of attachment is at an aromatic carbon atom. Preferred aryls include phenyl and naphthyl.
"Substituted aryl" refers to aryl groups which are substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents, and preferably 1 to 2 substituents, selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, amino, substituted amino, aminoacyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, substituted aryloxy, cycloalkoxy, substituted cycloalkoxy, carboxyl, carboxyl esters, cyano, thiol, thioalkyl, substituted thioalkyl, thioaryl, substituted thioaryl, thioheteroaryl, substituted thioheteroaryl, thiocycloalkyl, substituted thiocycloalkyl, thioheterocyclic, substituted thioheterocyclic, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, halo, nitro, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, heteroaryloxy, substituted heteroaryloxy, heterocyclyloxy, and substituted heterocyclyloxy.
"Aryloxy" refers to the group aryl-O- that includes, by way of example, phenoxy, naphthoxy, and the like.
"Substituted aryloxy" refers to substituted aryl-O- groups.
37

"Aryloxyaryl" refers to the group -aryl-O-aryl.
"Substituted aryloxyaiyl" refers to aryloxyaryl groups substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents on either or both aryl rings as defined above for substituted aryl.
"Carboxyl" refers to -COOH or salts therof.
"Carboxyl esters" refers to the groups -C(O)O-alkyl, -C(O)O-substituted alkyl, -C(O)Oaryl, and -C(O)O-substituted aryl wherein alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl and substituted aryl are as defined herein.
"Cycloalkyl" refers to cyclic alkyl groups of from 3 to 10 carbon atoms having single or multiple cyclic rings including, by way of example, adamantyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclooctyl and the like.
"Cycloalkenyl" refers to cyclic alkenyl groups of from 4 to 10 carbon atoms having single or multiple cyclic rings and further having at least 1 and preferably from 1 to 2 internal sites of ethylenic or vinyl (>C=C "Substituted cycloalkyl" and "substituted cycloalkenyl" refers to an cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group, having from 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of oxo (=0), thioxo (=S), alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted arnino, aminoacyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, substituted aryloxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, nitro, carboxyl, carboxyl esters, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and substituted heterocyclic.
"Cycloalkoxy" refers to -O-cycloalkyl groups. "Substituted cycloalkoxy" refers to -O-substituted cycloalkyl groups. "Halo" or "halogen" refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo and preferably is fluoro or chloro.
"Heteroaryl" refers to an aromatic group of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur within the ring. Such heteroaryl groups can have a single ring (e.g., pyridyl or furyl) or multiple condensed rings (e.g., indolizinyl or benzothienyl) wherein the condensed rings may or may not be aromatic and/or contain a heteroatom provided that the point
38

of attachment is through an atom of the aromatic heteroaiyl group. Preferred heteroaryls include pyridyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, thiophenyl, and furyl.
"Substituted heteroaryl" refers to heteroaryl groups that are substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from the same group of substituents defined for substituted aryl.
"Heteroaryloxy" refers to the group -O-heteroaryl and "substituted heteroaryloxy" refers to the group -O-substituted heteroaryl.
"Heterocycle" or "heterocyclic" or "heterocycloalkyl" refers to a saturated or unsaturated group having a single ring or multiple condensed rings, from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen within the ring wherein, in fused ring systems, one or more the rings can be cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl provided that the point of attachment is through the heterocyclic ring.
"Substituted heterocyclic" or "substituted heterocycloalkyl" refers to heterocycle groups that are substituted with from 1 to 3 of the same substituents as defined for substituted cycloalkyl.
Examples of heterocycles and heteroaryls include, but are not limited to, azetidine, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, indolizine, isoindole, indole, dihydroindole, indazole, purine, quinolizine, isoquinoline, quinoline, phthalazine, naphthylpyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, pteridine, carbazole, carboline, phenanthridine, acridine, phenanthroline, isothiazole, phenazine, isoxazole, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, imidazolidine, imidazoline, piperidine, piperazine, indoline, phthalimide, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroberizo[b]thiophene, thiazole, thiazolidine, thiophene, benzo[b]thiophene, morpholinyl, thiomorphoHnyl (also referred to as thiamorpholinyl), piperidinyl, pyrrolidine, tetrahydrofuranyl, and the like.
"Heterocyclyloxy" refers to the group -O-heterocyclic and "substituted heterocyclyloxy" refers to the group -O-substituted heterocyclic.
"Phosphate" refers to the groups -OP(O)(OH)2 (monophosphate), -OP(O)(OH)OP(O)(OH)2 (diphosphate) and -OP(0)(OH)OP(0)(OH)OP(0)(OH)2 (triphosphate) or salts thereof including partial salts thereof.
39

"Phosphonate" refers to the groups -OP(O)(R)(OH) or -OP(O)(R)(OR) or salts thereof including partial salts thereof, wherein, each R is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, carboxylic acid, and carboxyl ester.
"Sulfonate ester" refers to the groups -SO2OR where R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic.
"Thiol" refers to the group -SH.
"Thioalkyl" or "alkylthioether" or "thioalkoxy" refers to the group -S-alkyl. "Substituted thioalfcyl" or "substituted alkylthioether" or "substituted thioalkoxy" refers to the group -S-substituted alkyl.
"Thiocycloalkyl" refers to the groups -S-cycloalkyl and "substituted thiocycloalkyl" refers to the group -S-substituted cycloalkyl.
"Thioaryl" refers to the group -S-aryl and "substituted tnioaryl" refers to the group -S-substituted aryl.
"Thioheteroaryl" refers to the group -S-heteroaryl and "substituted thioheteroaryl" refers to the group -S-substituted heteroaryl.
"Thioheterocyclic" refers to the group -S-heterocyclic and "substituted thioheterocyclic" refers to the group -S-substituted heterocyclic.
The term "amino acid" refers to ?-amino acids of the formula H2NCH(R7)COOH where R7 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl or aryl. Preferably, the a-amino acid is one of the twenty naturally occurring L amino acids.
The term "carbohydrate" refers to oligosaccharides comprising from 2 to 20 saccharide units. The particular saccharide units employed are not critical and include, by way of example, all natural and synthetic derivatives of glucose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosarnine, fucose, sialic acid, and the like. In addition to being in their pyranose form, all saccharide units described herein are in their D form except for fucose which is in its L form.
The term "lipid" is an art recognized term defined, for example, by Lehninger, Biochemistry, 1970, at pages 189 et seq. which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
40

The term "peptide" refers to polymers of ct-amino acids comprising from about 2 to about 20 amino acid units, preferably from about 2 to about 10, more preferably from about 2 to about 5.
The term "stabilized phosphate prodrug" refers to mono-, di- and tri-phosphate groups having one or more of the hydroxyl groups pendent thereto converted to an alkoxy, a substituted alkoxy group, an aryloxy or a substituted aryloxy group.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs" refers to art recognized modifications to one or more functional groups which functional groups are metabolized in vivo to provide a compound of this invention or an active metabolite thereof. Such functional groups are well known in the art including acyl groups for hydroxyl and/or amino substitution, esters of mono-, di- and tri-phosphates wherein one or more of the pendent hydroxyl groups have been converted to an alkoxy, a substituted alkoxy, an aryloxy or a substituted aryloxy group, and the like.
"Pharmaceutically acceptable salt" refers to pharmaceutically acceptable salts of a compound, which salts are derived from a variety of organic and inorganic counter ions well known in the art and include, by way of example only, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, tetraalkylammonium, and the like; and when the molecule contains a basic functionality, salts of organic or inorganic acids, such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, tartrate, mesylate, acetate, maleate, oxalate and the like.
It is understood that in all substituted groups defined above, polymers arrived at by defining substituents with further substituents to themselves (e.g., substituted aryl having a substituted aryl group as a substituent which is itself substituted with a substituted aryl group, etc.) are not intended for inclusion herein. In such cases, the maximum number of such substituents is three. That is to say that each of the above definitions is constrained by a limitation that, for example, substituted aryl groups are limted to -substituted aryl-(substituted aryl)-substituted aryl.
41

Similarly, it is understood that the above definitions are not intended to include impermissible substitution patterns (e,g., methyl substituted with 5 fhioro groups or a hydroxyl group alpha to ethenylic or acetylenic unsaturation). Such impermissible substitution patterns are well known to the skilled artisan.
General Synthetic Methods
The compounds of this invention may be prepared by various methods known in the art of organic chemistry in general and nucleoside and nucleotide analpgue synthesis in particular. The starting materials for the syntheses are either readily available from commercial sources or. are known or may be prepared by techniques known in the art. General reviews of the preparation of nucleoside and nucleotide analogues are included 1) Michelson A.M. "The Chemistry ofNucleosides and Nucleotides" Academic Press, New York, 1963; 2) Goodman L. "Basic Principles in Nucleic Acid Chemistiy" Academic Press, New York, 1974, vol. 1, Ch. 2; and 3) "Synthetic Procedures in Nucleic Acid Chemistry" Eds. Zorbach W. & Tipson R., Wiley, New York, 1973, vol. 1 & 2.
The synthesis of the compounds of this invention generally follows either a convergent or linear synthetic pathway as described below.
The strategies available for synthesis of compounds of this invention include for example:
General Synthesis of 2'-C-Branched Nucleosides 2'-C-Branched ribonucleosides of Formula IV:

42

where R1, R13, R14, W, W2, W3, A, B, D, E and F are as defined above, can be prepared by one of the following general methods.
Convergent approach: Glycosylation ofNucleobase with Appropriately Modified Sugar
The key starting material of this process is an appropriately substituted sugar with 2'-OH and 2'-H with the appropriate leaving group, for example, an acyl group or a chloro, bromo, fluoro or iodo group. The sugar can be purchased or can be prepared by any known means including standard epimerization, substitution, oxidation and/or reduction techniques. For example, commercially available 1,3,5-tri-0-benzoyl-a-D-ribofuranose (Pfanstiel Laboratories, Inc.) can be used. The substituted sugar can then be oxidized with the appropriate oxidizing agent in a compatible solvent at a suitable temperature to yield the 2'-modified sugar. Possible . oxidizing agents are, for example, Dess-Martin periodine reagent, AC2O+ DCC in DMSO, Swern oxidation (DMSO, oxalyl chloride, triethylamine), Jones reagent (a mixture of chromic acid and sulfuric acid), Collins's reagent (dipyridine Cr(VI) oxide, Corey's reagent (pyridinium chlorochromate), pyridinium dichromate, acid dichromate, potassium permanganate, MnO2, ruthenium tetraoxide, phase transfer catalysts such as chromic acid or permanganate supported on a polymer, Cl2-pyridine, H2O2-ammonium molybdate, NaBrO2-CAN, NaOCl in HOAc, copper chromite, copper oxide, Raney nickel, palladium acetate, Meerwin-Pondorf-Verley reagent (aluminum 2-butoxide with another ketone) and N-bromosuccinimide.
Coupling of an organometallic carbon nucleophile, such as a Grignard reagent, an organolithium, lithium dialkylcopper or R^SiMes in TBAF with the ketone with the appropriate non-protic solvent at a suitable temperature, yields the 2'-alkylated sugar. For example, R1gBr/TiCl4 or R1gBr/CeCl3 can be used as described in Wolfe et al. 1997. J. Org. Chem. 62: 1754-1759 (where R1 is as defined herein). The alkylated sugar can be optionally protected with a suitable protecting group, preferably with an acyl, substituted alkyl or silyl group, by methods well known to those skilled in the art, as taught by Greene et al Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons, Second Edition, 1991.
43

The optionally protected sugar can then be coupled to the purine base by methods well known to those skilled in the art, as taught by Townsend Chemistry of Nucleosides and Nucleotides, Plenum Press, 1994. Fox example, an acylated sugar can be coupled to a silylated base with a Lewis acid, such as tin tetrachloride, titanium tetrachloride or trimethylsilyltritlate in the appropriate solvent at a suitable temperature. Alternatively, a halo-sugar can be coupled to a silylated base with the presence of trimethylsilyltriflate.
In addition to the above, the 2'- and 3'-C-substituted sugars used in the synthetic methods described herein are well known in the art and are described, for example, by Sommadossi, et al.5 and by Carrol, et al.6 both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Scheme 1 below describes the alternative synthesis of a protected sugar that is useful for coupling to the bases described herein.
Scheme 1: Alternative Sugar Synthesis and Coupling

Formation of sugar a in Scheme 1, above, is accomplished as described by Mandal, S.B., et al, Synth. Commun., 1993,9, page 1239, starting from commercial D-ribose. Protection of the hydroxyl groups to form sugar b is described in Witty, D.R., et al, Tet. Lett, 1990,31, page 4787. Sugar c and d are prepared using the method of Ning, J. et al., Carbohydr. Res., 2001,330, page 165, and methods described herein. R, in sugar e can be hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl,
44

substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, and substituted alkynyl. Particularly preferred R groups are methyl, trifluoromethyl, alkenyl and alkynyl. Sugar e is prepared by using a modification of the Grignard reaction withn RMgBr or other appropriate organometallic as described herein (with no titanium/cerium needed). Finally the halogenated sugar used in the subsequent coupling reaction is prepared using the same protection method as used in to make sugar b above. The halogenation is described in Seela.7
Subsequently, any of the described nucleosides can be deprotected by methods well known to those skilled in the art, as taught by Greene et al Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Jon Wiley and Sons, Second Edition, 1991.
Yet another alternative approach to making protected sugars useful for coupling to heterocyclic bases is detailed in Scheme 2 below. The details for this synthesis can be found in Example 32.
45


46

Linear Approach: Modification of a pre-formed nucleoside.
The key starting material for this process is an appropriately substituted nucleoside witib. a 2'-OH and 2'-H. The nucleoside can be purchased or can be prepared by any known means including standard coupling techniques.. The nucleoside can be optionally protected with suitable protecting groups, preferably with acyl, substituted alkyl or silyl groups, by methods well known to those skilled in the art, as taught by Greene et at Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons, Second Edition, 1991.
The appropriately protected nucleoside can then be oxidized with the appropriate oxidizing agent in a compatible solvent at a suitable temperature to yield the 2'-modified sugar. Possible oxidizing agents are, for example, Dess-Martin periodine reagent, Ac2CH- DCC in DMSO, Swern oxidation (DMSO, oxalyl chloride, triethylamine), Jones reagent (a mixture of chromic acid and sulruric acid), Collins's reagent (dipyridine Cr(VI) oxide, Corey's reagent (pyridinium chlorochromate), pyridinium dichromate, acid dichromate, potassium permanganate, MnO2 ruthenium tetroxide, phase transfer catalysts such as chromic acid or permanganate supported on a polymer, Cl2-pyridine, H2O2-ammonium molybdate, NaBrO2-CAN, NaOC1 in HOAc, copper chromite, copper oxide, Raney nickel, palladium acetate, Meerwin-Pondorf-Verley reagent (aluminum f-butoxide with another ketone) and N-bromosuccinimide. Coupling of an organometallic carbon nucleophile, such as a Grignard reagent, an organolithium, h'thium dialkylcopper or R1-SiMe3 in TBAF with the ketone with the appropriate non-protic solvent at a suitable temperature, yields the appropriate substituted nucleoside.
Subsequently, the nucleoside can be deprotected by methods well known to those skilled in the art, as taught by Greene et al Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons, Second Edition, 1991.
In one embodiment of the invention, the L-enantiomers are preferred. However, D-enantiomers are also useful herein. The L-enantiomers can be corresponding to the compounds of the invention can be prepared following the same foregoing general methods, beginning with the corresponding L-sugar or nucleoside L-enantiomer as starting material. In a particular embodiment, the 2'-C-branched
47

ribonucleoside is desired. In another embodiment, the 3'-C-branched ribonucleoside is desired.
General Synthesis of Heterocvclic Bases Bases of formula V:

where A, B, D, E, and F are as described above, Z is halo and M is hydrogen or an alkali metal such as lithium are well known in the art and/or can be obtained commercially. See, for example, Carroll, et al., International Patent Application Publication No. WO 02/057425 which application is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. In addition, the preparation of heterocyclic bases is reviewed by G. Shaw in "Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry" Pergamon Press, Vol. 5, chapter 4.09, p. 449 and "Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry IT* Pergamon Press, Vol. 7, chapter 7.11, p. 397.
For example, the appropriate heterocyclic base of Formula V may be prepared from the heterocyclic base wherein the 2 or 8 position of the heterocyclic base is substituted with a suitable leaving group such as halogen or sulphonate. Such heterocyclic base precursors bearing leaving groups are available commercially, e.g. 6-chloropurine (Aldrich Chemical Company), 2,6-dichloropurine (Aldrich Chemical Company), 2-chloro-6-ammopurine (Aldrich Chemical Company), 8-bromoadenine (Sigma-Aldrich Company Limited) or obtained by procedures known in the art. For example 2- and 6-chloro substituted purines can be prepared by- chlorination of the corresponding 2 and 6-hydroxypurines respectively by the use of chlorinating agents such as phosphorus oxychloride (Bakuni et al. Indian J. Chem., Sect B 1984,23, 1286; LaMontagne et al. J. Heterocycl Chem. 1983,20,295) while introduction of a bromine into the 8-position of purines can be accomplished by direct bromination using brominating agents such as, for example, bromine (Mano et al, Chem Pharm
48

Bull 1983, 31,3454) or N-bromosuccinimide (Kelley et al. Heterocycl Chein. 1990, 27,1505). The purines where the 6-substituent is hydroxylamino, alkoxylamino may be prepared by treatment of the corresponding 6-halopurine with the appropriate hydroxylamines and alkoxylamines, (for example, Chae et al. JMed Chein, 1994,37, 342; Niebch and Schneider, Z. Naturforsch. BAnorg. Chern. Org. Chem. Biochem. Biophys. Biol. 1972,27, 675; LaMontagne et al., Heterocycl Chem 1983,20,295; Estep et al JMed Chern 1995, 38,2582). Similarly, 2-substituted purines can be prepared from the corresponding 2-halopurine, for example, purines where the 2-substituent is alkoxy, aryloxy, SH, alkythio, arylthio orNR3R4can be prepared from the corresponding 2-halopurine by treatment with alkoxides, thiols or amines (e.g. BarlkandFenn,Aust J Chem, 1983,36,633; Nugieletal et al., 1997, 62, 201). Similarly, 8-substituted purines can be prepared from the corresponding 8-halopurines. For example purines where the 8-substituent is altoxy, aryloxy, SH, alkythio, arylthio or NR3R4 can be prepared by treatment of the corresponding 8-bromopurine with the appropriate alkoxides, thiols or amines (Xing et al, Tetrahedron Lett, 1990, 31, 5849; Mano et al, Chem Pharm Bull 1983, 31, 3454).
In some cases where the 6-substituent is a nitrogen containing heteroaryl or heterocyclic group linked through the nitrogen atom attached to the purine ring which may be prepared from the 6-aminopurine by reaction with a dicarbonyl compound or a reactive derivative of this such as an acetal. For example, 6-(lH-pyrrol-l-yl)-lH-purine can be prepared from a 6-aminopurine by reaction with 2,5-dirnethoxytetrahydrofuran as described by Estep et al JMed Chem 1995,38,2582.
General Synthesis of N6-substituted adenine and N4-substituted cvtosine
Synthesis of 6-hydroxamino or alkoxyamino-substituted purines is shown in Scheme 3. Synthesis of 9-(2'-C-methyl-p-D-ribofuranosyl)-6-methylthio-purine 49, is performed as described by R. Harry-O'kuru, J. Smith, and M. WotfJ. Org. Chem. 1997, 62,1754-1759. Methylthio-purine is oxidized to methylsulfonyl-purine, 51, using the procedure described by Y-Z. Xu Tetrahedron, 1996,52,10737-10750; Y-Z. Xu, Q. Zheng, and P. Swarm Nucleosides Nucleotides 1995,14,929-934. For
49

substitution of methylsulfonyl for hydroxylamino or alkoxyamino, protocols similar to the protocol reported for deoxynucleosides by P.Srivastava, G.Revankar, RRobins, and R.Rousseau J. Med. Chem, 1981,24,393-398, can be used and provide for the N-hydroxy or N-alkoxy derivative, 52, where R13 is as described above. Bromination of purine nucleosides can be performed as described by J.Gerster et al. J. Org. Chem.1968, 33,1070-1073.

Synthesis of 4- hvdroxylamino- and 4- methoxylamino-derivatives of 7-(2'-C-metnvl-?-D-ribofuranosvl)pvrrolo[23-d]pyrimidines and l-(2'-C-methvl-?-D-ribofaranosyl) pyrazolo[314-d]pyrimidines
The synthesis of 4- hydroxylamino- and 4- methoxylamino-derivatives of 7-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-riboruranosyl)- pyiroto[2,3-d]pyrimidines is shown in Scheme 4 through Scheme 7.
50


51


52


53


54

7-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl> 4- chloro-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (141) can be prepared as described in WO 02/057287, p 27-30. 7-(2'-C-methyl-P-D-ribofuranosyl)- 4- hydroxylamino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyriinidine (117) was prepared from nucleoside 141 by reaction with hydroxylamine (prepared as described by P.K.Chang, J.Med.Chem., 1965, 8, 884).
7-(25-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)- 4- methoxylatnino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (118) can be prepared from the nucleoside 141 substituting methoxylamine for hydroxylamine.
2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-2'-methyl- l,5-dmydro-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyriniidin-4-one (142) can be synthesized by substitution of 6-bromopurine for 1,5-dihydro-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one.
2:,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-2'-methyl- 4-chloro-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (143) can be obtained from nucleoside 142 by reaction with SOCI2.
Nucleoside 143 can be transformed to l-(2'-C-methyl-p-D-ribofuranosyl)- 4-hydroxylamino-pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrhniduae (120) by reaction with hydroxylamine (prepared as described by P.K.Chang, J.Med.Chem., 1965, 8, 884).
l-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)- 4- methoxylamino-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (119) can be prepared from the nucleoside 143 substituting hydroxylamine for methoxylamine.
7-(2'-C-methyl-p-D-ribofuranosyl)- 5-chloro-4- hydroxylamino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (123) can be prepared from nucleoside 117 by reaction with N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS).
7-(2'-C-methyl-p-D-ribofuranosyl)- 5-bromo-4- hydroxylamino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (124) can be prepared from nucleoside 117 by reaction with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS).
7-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-riboruranosyl)- 5-methyl-4- hydroxylamino-pyrrolot233-d]pyrimidine (125) can be prepared from nucleoside 141 in three steps (1) reacting nucleoside 141 with NBS affording the 7-bromo-6-chloro-7-deazapurine riboside; (2) reacting the nucleoside from Step 1 with palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) and
55

trimethylboroxine affording the 7-methyl-6-chloro-7-deazapurine riboside;' (3) reacting the nucleoside from Step 2 with hydroxylamine.
7-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)- 5-methyl-4- memoxylamino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (130) can be synthesized substituting methoxylamine for hydroxylamine.
7-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-etttyl-4-hydroxylammo-pyrrolo[2,3-d] pyrimidine (128) can be prepared by reaction of the 7-bromo-6-cnloro-7-deazapurine riboside with palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) and diethyl zinc affording the 7-ethyl-6-chloro-7-deazapurine riboside and subsequent reaction of the 7-ethyl-6-chloro-7-deazapurine riboside with hydroxylamine.
7-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)- 5-cyano-4- hydroxylamino-pyrrolo[2,3-djpyrimidine (126) can be prepared by reaction of the 7-bromo-6-chloro-7-deazapurine riboside with palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) and zinc cyanide affording the 7-cyano-6-chloro-7-deazapurine riboside and subsequent reaction of the 7-cyano-6-chloro-7-deazapurine riboside with hydroxylamine.
7-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)- 5-cyano-4- methoxylamino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (131) can be synthesized substituting methoxylamine for hydroxylamine.
7-(2' -C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)-4- hydroxylamino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine 5-carboxyl amide (127) can be prepared by converting the 7-cyano-6-chloro-7-deazapurine riboside into the 7-carboxamide-6-chloro-7-deazapurine and subsequent reaction of the 7-carboxamide-6-cbloro-7-deazapurine with hydroxylamine.
7-(2' -C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)-4- methoxylamino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine 5-carboxyl amide (132) can be synthesized substituting methoxylamine for hydroxylamine.
7-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)- 5-bromo-4- methoxylamino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (129) can be prepared from nucleoside 118 by reaction with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS).
56

l-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)-3-bromo- 4- hydroxylamino-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (133) can be prepared from nucleoside 120 by reaction with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS).
l-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-ribomranosyl)-3-methyl~ 4- hydroxylamino-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (134) can be prepared from nucleoside 143 in three steps (1) reacting nucleoside 143 with NBS; (2) reacting the nucleoside from Step 1 with palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphiae) and trimethylboroxine; (3) reacting the nucleoside from Step 2 with hydroxylamine.
l-(2'-C-methyl-p-D-riboniranosyl)-3-cyano- 4- hydroxylamino-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (135) can be synthesized from nucleoside 143 using conditions described for synthesis of compound 126.
l-(2'-C-methyl-p-D-ribofuranosyl) - 4- hydroxylamino-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine- 3-carboxamide (136) can be synthesized from nucleoside 143 using conditions described for synthesis of compound 127,
l-(2'-C-methyl-p-D-ribofuranosyl)-3-bromo- 4- methoxylamino-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (137) can be prepared from nucleoside 119 using conditions described for synthesis of compound 125.
l-(2'-C-methyl-p-D-riboruranosyl)-3-methyl- 4- methoxylamino-pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine (138) can be synthesized from nucleoside 143 using conditions described for synthesis of compound 125, substituting methoxylamine for hydroxylamine.
l-(2'-C-methyl-p-D-ribofuranosyl)-3-cyano- 4- methoxylamino-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (139) can be synthesized from nucleoside 143 using conditions described for synthesis of compound 126, substituting methoxylamine for hydroxylamine.
l-(2'-C-methyl-p-D-ribofuranosyl) - 4- methoxylamino-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine- 3-carboxamide (140) can be synthesized from nucleoside 143 using conditions described for synthesis of compound 127, substituting methoxylamine for hydroxylamine.
57

Following procedures set forth above and procedures well-known in the art, as well as those described by Li et al8,2'-C-trifluoromethyl-?-D-riboruranosyl derivatives can be prepared.
By following the procedures set forth above, as well as procedures well known in the art, including those procedures set forth by Devos4, et al. and Sommadossi5 et al, the following compounds can be made.
1-Deazapurines can be prepared and coupled to ribofuranosyl derivatives as described in by Cristalli, et al.in j. Med. Chem., 1987, 30(9) p. 1686 or Seela, F., et alia Nucleosides Nucleotides, 1998,17(4), p. 729.

R is a suitable leaving such as chloro or bromo.
Utility. Testing, and Administration
Utility
The present invention provides novel compounds possessing antiviral activity, including hepatitis C virus. The compounds of this invention inhibit HCV replication by inhibiting the enzymes involved in replication, including RNA dependent RNA polymerase. They may also inhibit other enzymes utilized in the activity or proliferation.of HCV.
The compounds of the present invention can also be used as prodrug nucleosides. As such they are taken up into the cells and can be intracellularly phosphorylated by kinases to the triphosphate and are then inhibitors of the polymerase (NS5b) and/or act as chain-terminators.
Compounds of this invention maybe used alone or in combination with other compounds to treat viruses.
58

Administration and Pharmaceutical Composition
In general, the compounds of this invention will be administered in a therapeutically effective amount by any of the accepted modes of administration for agents that serve similar utilities. The actual amount of the compound of this invention, i.e., the active ingredient, will depend upon numerous factors such as the severity of the disease to be treated, the age and relative health of the subject, the potency of the compound used, the route and form of administration, and other factors. The drug can be administered more than once a day, preferably once or twice a day.
Therapeutically effective amounts of compounds of this invention may range from approximately 0.05 to 50 mg per kilogram body weight of the recipient per day; preferably about 0.01-25 mg/kg/day, more preferably from about 0.5 to 10 mg/kg/day. Thus, for administration to a 70 kg person, the dosage range would most preferably be about 35-70 mg per day.
In general, compounds of this invention will be administered as pharmaceutical compositions by any one of the following routes: oral, systemic (e.g., transdermal, intranasal or by suppository), or parenteral (e.g., intramuscular, intravenous or subcutaneous) administration. The preferred manner of administration is oral using a convenient daily dosage regimen that can be adjusted according to the degree of affliction. Compositions can take the form of tablets, pills, capsules, semisolids, powders, sustained release formulations, solutions, suspensions, elixirs, aerosols, or any other appropriate compositions. Another preferred manner for administering compounds of this invention is inhalation. This is an effective method for delivering a therapeutic agent directly to the respiratory tract, in particular for the treatment of diseases such as asthma and similar or related respiratory tract disorders (see U. S. Patent 5,607,915).
The choice of formulation depends on various factors such as the mode of drug administration and bioavailability of the drug substance. For delivery via inhalation the compound can be formulated as liquid solution, suspensions, aerosol propellants or dry powder and loaded into a suitable dispenser for administration. There are several types of pharmaceutical inhalation devices-nebulizer inhalers,
59

metered dose inhalers (MDI) and dry powder inhalers (DPI). Nebulizer devices produce a stream of high velocity air that causes the therapeutic agents (which are formulated in a liquid form) to spray as a mist that is carried into the patient's respiratory tract. MDI's typically are formulation packaged with a compressed gas. Upon actuation, the device discharges a measured amount of therapeutic agent by compressed gas, thus affording a reliable method of administering a set amount of agent. DPI dispenses therapeutic agents in the form of a free flowing powder that can be dispersed in the patient*s inspiratory air-stream during breathing by the device. In order to achieve a free flowing powder, the therapeutic agent is formulated with an excipient such as lactose. A measured amount of the therapeutic agent is stored in a capsule form and is dispensed with each actuation.
Recently, pharmaceutical formulations have been developed especially for drugs that show poor bioavailability based upon the principle that bioavailability can be increased by increasing the surface area i.e., decreasing particle size. For example, U.S. Pat. No, 4,107,288 describes a pharmaceutical formulation having particles in the size range from 10 to 1,000 nm in which the active material is supported on a crosslinked matrix of macromolecules. U.S. Patent No. 5,145,684 describes the production of a pharmaceutical formulation in which the drug substance is pulverized to nanoparticles (average particle size of 400 nm) in the presence of a surface modifier and then dispersed in a liquid medium to give a pharmaceutical formulation that exhibits remarkably high bioavailability.
The compositions are comprised of in general, a compound of this invention or a mixture thereof in combination with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. Acceptable excipients are non-toxic, aid administration, and do not adversely affect the therapeutic benefit of the compound of this invention. Such excipient may be any solid, liquid, semi-solid or, in the case of an aerosol composition, gaseous excipient that is generally available to one of skill in the art.
Solid pharmaceutical excipients include starch, cellulose, talc, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, magnesium stearate, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, sodium chloride, dried skim milk and the like. Liquid and semisolid excipients may be selected from glycerol, propylene
60

glycol, water, ethanol and various oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, e.g., peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil, etc. Preferred liquid carriers, particularly for injectable solutions, include water, saline, aqueous dextrose, and glycols.
Compressed gases may be used to disperse a compound of this invention in aerosol form. Inert gases suitable for this purpose are nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc. Other suitable pharmaceutical excipients and their formulations are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, edited by E. W. Martin (Mack Publishing Company, 18th ed., 1990).
The amount of the compound in a formulation can vary within the full range employed by those skilled in the art. Typically, the formulation will contain, on a weight percent (wt%) basis, from about 0.01-99.99 wt% of a compound of this invention based on the total formulation, with the balance being one or more suitable pharmaceutical excipients. Preferably, the compound is present at a level of about 1-S0 wt%. Representative pharmaceutical formulations containing a compound of this invention are described below.
EXAMPLES
The examples below as well as thoughout the application, the following abbreviations have the following meanings. If not defined, the terms have their generally accepted meanings.
AcOH or HOAc = acetic acid
Ac2O = acetic anhydride
arm — atmosphere
CAN = eerie ammonium nitrate
cm = centimeter
d = doublet
dd = doublet of doublets
dt = doublet of triplets
DCB = dichlorobenzyl
DCC = N,N-dicyclohexyl carbodiamide
DCM - dichloromethane
DMAP = dimethylaminopyridine
61

DMEM = Delbecco's minimum eagles medium
DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide
DMSO - dimethylsulfoxide
DTT = dithiothreitol
EDTA = ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
eq. = equivalents
ether = diethyl ether
g = gram
h - hour
HCV = hepatitis C virus
HPLC = high performance liquid chromatography
IE HPLC = Ion Exchange high performance liquid
chromatography 3PTG
IU = international units
kb = kilobase
kg - kilogram
m - multiplet
M = molar
Me = methyl
MeOH = methanol
mg = milligram
mL = miUiliter
mm = millimeters
mM — millimolar
mmol = millimol
MS = mass spectrum
MB S = n-bromosuccinimide
NCS = n-chlorosuccinimide
ng = nanograms
nm = nanometers
nM = nanomolar
NMR - nuclear magnetic resonance
NTA - nitrilotriacetic acid
NTP = nucleotide triphosphate
RP HPLC = reverse phase high performance liquid
chromatography
s = singlet
t = triplet
TBAF = tetrabutylammonium fluoride
THF = tetrahydroturan
?L = microliters
v/v = volume to volume
w/w = weight to weight
wt% == weight percent
62

In addition, all reaction temperatures are in degrees Celcius unless reported otherwise and all percentages are molar percents again unless indicated otherwise.
Example 1
6-hvdroxvIanuno-9-(2'-C-methyI- ? -D-ribofuranosvDpurfne and fi-hyrirnYylamino-9-(2'-C-methyI- ? -P-ribofuraaosvI)purine
Step 1. Synthesis of e-chloro-9-[2'-C-methyl-3'.5'-bis-O-(2,4-dichlorophenyl
methyl)-?-D-ribofuranosvl]purine

6-Chloropurine (6 g, 38 romol) was suspended in 1 L of dry acetonitrile. 1.5 g of NaH (60% in oil) was added and the mixture was stirred for 4 hours under an argon atmosphere. l-O-Methyl-3,5-bis-O-(2,4-dichlorophenylmetliyl)-2s-C-niethyl-?-D-ribofuranoside (7 g, 14 mmol) was dissolved in 200 mL of dry dichloromethane, cooled to 0°C and HBr/AcOH was added drop wise. The reaction was kept for 1 hour at 0°C and 3 hours more at ambient temperature. The solvent was then evaporated. The mixture was 2 times co-evaporated with dry toluene, dissolved in 200 mL of dry dichloromethane and added to the sodium salt of the base. The reaction mixture was kept at room temperature over night and evaporated to dryness. The residue was distributed between ethyl acetate and water. Water fraction was extracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 100 mL), combined organic fractions washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate then evaporated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (ethyl acetate/toluene 3:7 v/v) to yield 5.5 g (68%) of protected nucleoside. MS: 525.07 (M+NH4+).
63

Step 2. Synthesis of 6-cmoro-9-(2'-C-raethvl- ? -D-ribofuranosyl)purine and 6-chloro-9-(2'-C-methvl- ? -D-ribofuranosyl)purine

The solution of the product from Step 1 (4.8 g,10 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (200 mL) and then cooled to -7S°C. To the cooled solution was added boron trichloride (1M in dichloromethane) (100 mL, 100 mmol). The mixture was stirred at -78°C for 1 hour, then at -20°C for several hours. The reaction was quenched with dichloromethane/methanol 1:1 (100 mL), stirred at -20°C for 0.5 hour and neutralized at 0°C with aqueous ammonia. The solid was filtered, washed with dichloxomethane/methanol 1:1 and the combined extracts evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified on silica gel column with chloroform/methanol as eluent.
Corresponding fractions were combined, concentrated and recrystallized from methanol/ether to yield 1.6 g (70%) of the title compound.
MS: 301.93 (M+H); H1-NMR (DMSO-d6): 0.90 (s, 3H, 2'-CH3), 3.80-5.00
(m, sugar & water), 5.35-5.37 (d, 1H, H-3'), 5.45 (s, 1H, OH), 6.05 (s, 1H, H-l'),
8.81 & 9.03 (s, 2H, purine).
The mother liquid was repurified by column chromatography to isolate 150
mg (10%) of 6-chloro-9-(2'-C-methyl-a-D-ribofuranosyl)purine. MS: 301.93 (M+H);
HL-NMR (DMSO-d6): 0.90 (s, 3H, 2'-CH3), 3.98-5.00 (m, sugar & water), 5.42-5.36
(t, 1H, OH), 5.45 (s51H, H-3'), 6.40 (s, 1H, H-l'), 8.76 & 9.36 (s, 2H, purine).
64

Step 3. Synthesis of 6-hydroxylarflino-9-(2"-C-methyl- ? -D-ribofuraaosvlipurine and 6-hvdroxvlamino-9-(2'-C-methvl- ? -D-ribofuranosvDpurine

6-Chloro-9-(2)-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)purine (300 mg, 1 mmol) was suspended in 30 mL of diy ethanol and O-trimethylsilyl hydroxylamine (10 mmol) was added. The mixture was refiuxed for 2 hours, evaporated and the crude mixture was separated by RP HPLC on a Phenorninex column (250 x 20 mm) using a gradient of acetonitrile in water of from 0 to 100%. Corresponding fractions were evaporated to yield 200 tn$ (70%) of the beta isomer, Nucleoside A,3 as off-white foam. MS: 298.17 (M+H); H'-NMR (DMSO-d6): 0.84 (s, 3H, 2'-CH3), 3.82-4.20 (m, sugar & water), 4. 83-4.96 (m, 2H, OH &H-3'), 6.05 (s, 1H, H-l'), 8.05 & 9.53 (s, 2H, purine).
Nucleoside B was obtained from corresponding ot-anomer of 6-chloropurine nucleoside from Step 2. MS: 298.13 (M+H); H1-NMR (DMSO-d6): 1.01 (s, 3H> 2'-CH3), 3.42-3.82 (m, sugar), 4.50 (t, 1H, OH), 4.97 (m, 1HS H-3'), 5.32 (t, 1H, OH), 6.16 (s, 1H, H-l'), 8.40 & 9.93 (s, 2H, purine), 11.03 (s, 1H, NHOH).
Example 2 9-(2'-C-methyl-?-P-ribofuranosyl)- 6-methoxy_aminopuriae (111).

The above compound was synthesized from methoxylamine and 6-chloro-9-(2I-C-methyl-p-D-riboniranosyl)purine as described in Example 1, Step 3.
65

MS 312.41 (M+H). H1-NMR (DMS0-d6): 0.89 (s, 3H, CH3), 3.80-4.00 (m, 10H, sugars OCH3), 5.00-5.20 (3H, sugar), 5.79 (s, 1H, H-1'), 7.88 & 8.21 (s, 1H, purine).
Example 3
7-(2'-C-methyl-?-P-ribofnranosylV4-hydroxylainino-pyrrolo[2,3-d1pyrimidine (117)

Step 1. Synthesis of 7-(2'-C-metfavl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)- 4- chloro-pvrrolo[2,3-d]pyrirnidine (141) was prepared as described in WO 02/057287, p 27-30.
Step 2. 7-(2'-C-methvl-?-D-ribofuranosvl)- 4- hvdroxylamino-pyrrolo(2,3-d]pyrimidine (117).
Nucleoside 141 (300 mg, 1 mM) was dissolved in dry ethanol (10 mL). A solution of hydroxylamine (prepared as described by P.K.Chang, J.Med.Chem.s 1965, 8, 884) was added (10 mM) and the mixture was refluxed for 1 h and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by HPLC 0-30% of buffer B in buffer A, 30 minutes, flow 10 mL/minutes.
A - 0,2% triethylammonium acetate in water, B-0.2% triethylammonium acetate in CH3CN. Corresponding fractions were combined, evaporated, co-evaporated with water (3x10 mL), dissolved in methanol (1 mL) and precipitated with ether (35 mL) to yield 117 as white solid.
MS 298.38 (M+H) rf-NMR PMSO-d6): 0-75 (s, 3H, 2>-CH3), 3.60-4.00 (m, 4H, sugar), 6.18 (s, 1H, 1'-H), 6.75 (s, 1H, Ar-H2), 7.85 (d, 1H, Ar-H7), 8.25 (d, 1H, Ar-H8).
66







Example 5
7-(2'-C-methyl-p-D-ribofuranosyR-4"methoxylainmo-pvrrolo[2,3-dlpvrimidine
(118)
Nucleoside 118 was prepared from the nucleoside 141 (example 3, step 1) substituting methoxylamine for hydroxylamine.
Example 6
l-(2'-C-metbyl-p-D-ribofpranosvlV 4- hvdroxvlamino-pvrazolo[3.4-
dipyrimidine (120)
Step 1. Synthesis of 23.5-tri-0-benzovl-2'-rnethyl- l,5-dihydro-pvrazolo[3.4-d] pyrimidin-4-one (142).
Nucleoside 142 was synthesized as described in Example 1 by substitution of 6-bromopurine for l,5-dihydro-pyrazolot3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one. .
Step 2. Synthesis of 2,3,5-tri-O-berizoyl-2'-methvl- 4-chloro-pvrazolor3.4-d1 pvrimidine (1431
Nucleoside 142 was dissolved in toluene, 10 equivalents of SOCl2 were added and the mixture was heated at 50°C for 2 hours. The solvents were evaporated in vacuoi the residue was co-evapotated with toluene and purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (toluene-ethyl acetate, 9:1 v/v). Corresponding fractions were evaporated, dissolved in 10 mL of methanol and 5 mL NH4OH was added. Reaction mixture was kept at room temperature overnight and evaporated. The titled nucleoside was isolated by HPLC as described in Example 3, step2.
Step 3. l-(2'-C-methvl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)- 4-hvdroxylamino-pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine (120)
Nucleoside 143 was transformed to nucleoside 120 as described in Example 3, step 2.
68

Example 7
l-(2'-C-methvl-?-D-ribofnranosyl) 4- methoxylamino-pvrazolo[3.4-
d]pyrimidine (119)
Nucleoside 119 was prepared from the nucleoside 143 (Example 6, step 3) substituting hydroxylamine for methoxylamine.
Example 8
7-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-chloro-4-hydroxylamino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]
pvrimidine (123)
Nucleoside 117 (0.1 mmol) is dissolved in DMF (0.5 mL) and cooled to 0 °C. NCS (0.1 mmol) dissolved in DMF (0.5 mL) is then added dropwise and the reaction stirred for 30 minutes at 0 °C and 30 minutes at room temperature. The reaction is quenched with methanol (5 mL) and then concentrated. Column chromatography (SiO2) with MeOH/DCM affords 123.
Example 9
7-(2'-C-methvl-p-D-ribofuranosyn-5-bromo-4-hvdroxvlamino-pvrrolof2.3-dl
pvrimidine (124)
Nucleoside 124 is prepared in the same manner as for 123, substituting NBS for NCS.
Example 10
7-(2'-C-methyI-?-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-methyl-4-hvdroxylamino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]
pyrimidine (125)
Step1:
Nucleoside 141 (1 mmol) is dissolved in DMF (5 mL) and cooled to 0 °C. NBS (1 mmol) dissolved in DMF (5 mL) is then added dropwise and the reaction stirred for 30 minutes at 0 °C and 30 minutes at room temperature. The reaction is quenched with methanol (50 mL) and then concentrated. Column chromatography (SiO2) with MeOH/DCM affords the 7-bromo-6-chloro-7-deazapurine riboside.
69

Step 2:
The micleoside from Step 1 (0.5 mmol) is dissolved in 10% aqueous dioxane (2.5 mL) and potassium carbonate (1.5 mmol) and palladium tetrakis(triphenyl-phosphine) are added followed by trimethylboroxine (0.5 mmol). The reaction is refluxed for 18 h then filtered through Celite and concentrated. Column chromatography (SiO2) with MeOH/DCM affords the 7-methyl-6-chloro-7-deazapurine riboside. Step 3;
Nucleoside 125 is synthesized as described in Example 3, step 2 using hydroxylamine.
Example 11
7-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-ribofiiranosyl)-5-ethyl-4-hydroxylamino-pvrrolo of [2,3-d]
pvrimidine (128)
Step1:
The nucleoside from Example 10, Step 1 (0.1 mmol) is dissolved in THF (1 mL) and then palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphme) is added. To this reaction is then ) added diethyl zinc and the reaction heated to reflux for 6 hours. The reaction is
quenched with aqueous NH4Cl and extractively worked up. Column chromatography (SiO2) with MeOH/DCM affords the 7-ethyl-6-chloro-7-deazapurine riboside. Step 2:
Nucleoside 128 is synthesized as described in Example 3, step 2 using 5 hydroxylamine.
Example 12
7-(2'-C-methyl-??D-ribofuranosyl)-5-cvano-4-hydroxylamino-pvrrolol2,3-d]
pyrimidine (126)

Step 1:
The nucleoside from Example 10, step 1 (0.5 mmol) is dissolved in THF (5 mL) and then palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) is added. To this reaction is
70

then added zinc cyanide and the reaction heated to reflux for 6 hours. The reaction is quenched with aqueous NH4CI and extractively worked up. Column chromatography (SiO2) with MeOH/DCM affords the 7-cyano-6-chloro-7-deazapurine riboside. Step 2:
Nucleoside 126 is synthesized as described in Example 3, step 2 using hydroxylamine.
Example 13
7-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-ribofnranosyl)-4-hydroxylamino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
5-carboxyl amide (127)
Stepl:
The nucleoside from Example 12, step 1 (0.5 mmol) is dissolved in anhydrous ethanol (10 mL) and then saturated with anhydrous HC1. The reaction is stirred at room temperature overnight and then concentrated. The residue is redissolved in ethanol (5 mL) and then water (1 mL) is added and the reaction stirred for 2 hours. The solution is concentrated and purified by column chromatography (SiO2) with MeOH/DCM affording the 7-carboxamide-6-chloro-7-deazapurine riboside.
Step 2:
Nucleoside 127 is synthesized as described in Example 3, step 2 using hydroxylamine.
Example 14
7-(2'-C-methyl-?-P-ribofuranosyl)-5-bromo-4- methoxylamino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]
pyrimidine (129)
Nucleoside 129 is synthesized from 118 as described in Example 9.
71

Example 15
7-(2'-C-methyl-?-P-ribofuranosyl)-5-methyl-4-methoxylamino-pyrrolor[2,3-d]
pyrimidine (130)
Nucleoside 130 is synthesized as described in Example 3, step 2, substituting methoxylamine for hydroxylamine.
Example 16
7-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-cyano-4--methoxylamino-pvrrolo(2,3-d]
pvrimidine (131)
The nucleoside from Example 10, step 2 is converted to 131 as described in Example 15.
Example 17
7-(2'-C-methvl-??D-ribofttranosyl)-4-methoxylammo-pyrroIo[2,3-d1pyrimidine
5-carboxyl amide (132)
The nucleoside from Example 12, step 1 is converted to 132 as described in Example 15.
Example 18
l-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-ribofttranosyl)-3-bromo-4-hydroxylamino-pyrazolo[3,4-d]
pvrimidine (133)
Nucleoside 120 is converted to 133 as described in Example 9.
Example 19
l-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)-3-methyl-4-hydroxylamino-pvrazolo[3,4-d]
pyrimidine (134)
Nucleoside 134 is synthesized from 143 using conditions described in Example 10.
72

Example 20
l-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosvn-3-cvapo-4-hvdroyvIamino-pvrazolof3,4-dl
pvrimidine (135)
Nucleoside 135 is synthesized from 143 using conditions described in Example 12.
Example 21
l-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl) - 4- hydroxylamino-pyrazolof3,4-d]pyrimidme- 3-carboxamide (136)
Nucleoside 136 is synthesized from 143 using conditions described in Example 13.
Example 22
l-(2'-C-methyl-?-ribofnranosyl)-3-bromo-4-methoxylamino-pyrazolo[3,4-d]
pvrimidine (137)
Nucleoside 137 is synthesized from compound 119 using conditions described in Example 10.
Example 23
l-(2'-C-methyl-??D-ribofgranosyl)-3-methyI-4-methoxylamino-pyrazol[3.4-d]
pvrimidine (138)
Nucleoside 138 is synthesized from 143 using conditions described in Example 10, substituting methoxyamine for hydroxyamine.
Example 24
l-(2'-C-ihethvl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)-3-cvano-4-methoxylamino-pyrazolo[3,4-d]
pyrimidine (139)
Nucleoside 139 is synthesized from 143 using conditions described in Example 12, substituting methoxyamine for hydroxyamine.
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Example 25
l-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-ribofiiranosvn - 4- methoxylamino-pvrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine- 3-carboxamide (140)
Nucleoside 140 is synthesized from 143 using conditions described in Example 13, substituting methoxyamine for hydroxyamine.
Example 26 6-HydroxYlamino-9 -? -D-ribofuranosylpurine 5'-Triphosphate
Step 1. Synthesis of 6-ohloro-9-?-D-ribofuranosvlpurine 5'-triphosphate
Example 26 is an inactive compound but is included for the purpose of illustrating synthesis of triphosphates of hydroxylamine substituted purines.


6-chloro-9-? -D-ribofuranosylpurine (27 mg, 0.1 mmol) was co-evaporated 3 times with dry DMF, dissolved in 2 mL of PO(OMe)3, cool to 5°C and POC13 (35 ??L) and proton sponge (64 mg) were added. The mixture was stirred at 5°C for 3 h, then tetrabutylammonium pyrophosphate (2 mmol, 4 mL of 0.5M solution in DMF) was added and the mixture was kept for 2 more h at the same temperature. The reaction was quenched with (Et3N)HCO3 buffer (pH 7.5) followed with water. The solvents were evaporated, the residue dissolved in memanol (3 mL) and precipitated with ether (30 mL). The solid residue was purified by IE HPLC on Vidac column (250 x 10 mm) 0 to 100% B. Buffer A was 25 rnM NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4) pH 3, buffer
74

B was 310 mM NaH2PO4(Na2HPO4, pH 3. The last peak was collected, concentrated up to the volume of 5 mL and repurified on RP HPLC on Phenominex column (250 x 20 mm) in gradient from 0 to 100% of buffer B in buffer A. Buffer A was 0.5 M aqueous solution of triethylammonium acetate, buffer B was 0.5 M acetonitrile solution of triethylammonium acetate. Fractions containing the title compound were combined, evaporated, co-evaporated 3 times with water and lyophilized from water.
MS 524.94 (M-H), P31-NMR (DMSO-d6): -10.31 and -11.41(d, IP, P-a & P-Y), -22.66 (t, IP, P-p).
Step 2. Synthesis of 6-hvdroxylamino-9-(2'-C-methyl- ? -D-ribofaranosyl)purine 5'- triphosphate
Triphosphate from the Step 1 was co-evaporated 3 times with dry ethanol, dissolved in dry ethanol and O-trimethylsilyl hydroxylamine (10 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated for 0.5 h at 65°C, neutralized with HCl/dioxane and evaporated. The crude mixture was separated by RP HPLC on a Phenominex column (250 x 20 mm) using gradient of acetonitrile in water from 0 to 100%. Corresponding fractions were concentrated and lyophilized from water.
MS 260.52 (1/2M-H), P31-NMR pMSO-d6): -10.70 and -11.41(d, IP, P-a & P-y), -23.03 (t, IP, P-P).
Example 27 6-HvdroxvIamino-9(29-methvl - ? -D-ribofiiranosylpurine S'-Triphosphate (227)




The title compound was synthesized from 6-chloro-9-(2'-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)purine as described in Example 26, Step 1-2.
75

MS 267.52 (1/2M-H), 535.99 (M-H). P31-NMR (DMS0-d6); -10.70 (2P, P-a &P-??), -23.00 (1P, P-?).
Example 28
l-(2'C-methyl-?-D"ribofiiranosyl)-4-hydroxylamino-lH-pyrazoIo
[3,4-d]pyriinidine(120)
Step 1. Synthesis of 4-chloro-lH-pvrazolo[3.4-d]pvrimidiDe

4-ChlorolH- pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrinudine was synthesized from 4-hydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyriraidine and POC13 as described by R.Robins in J.Am.Chem.Soc, 1957, V.79, N20, P.6407-6415.
Step 2, Synthesis of 1-[2'-C-methyl-3',5'-bis-O-(2,4-dichlorophenvlmethyl)-? -P-ribofUranosyl]-4-chloro-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 1, Step 1 from 4-chloro-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidhie (Step 1) and l-O-methyl-3,5-bis-O-(2,4-dichlorophenylmethyl)-2'-C-methyl-p-D-ribonaranoside
MS: 525.07 (M+NH44).
76


Step 3. Synthesis of l-f2J-Omethyl-|3 -D-ribomranosvlM-cMoro-lH-avrazoloP^
/Hfvt n-rtfii /4ifia>
The title compound was synthesized from the nucleoside from Step 2 as described in Example I, Step 2. MS: 301.93 (M+H
Step 4. Synthesis of l-(2'-Omeftivl-B -D-ribofuranosvlV44ivdroxvlainino-lH-pvra2olor3.4-d"|pvrimidine

The title compound was synthesized from the nucleoside from Step 3 as described in Example 1, Step 3. MS: 298.13 (M+H)..

2-f4-Amino-5-ethynyI"pyrrolof2,3-d1pvrimidiii-7-yl)-5-hvdroxymetbyl-3-methyl-tetrahydro-fHran-3.4-dioU229)
Step 1. Synthesis of 4-Chloro-5-iodo-7H"pviTolo[2.3-d^Timidine
4-Chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyirolo[23-d]pyrimidine was synthesized from 6-chloropurine (Toronto Research) as described in A. Gangjee et. al., J. Med. Chem. (2003)46,591-600.
77

- Step 2. Synthesis of 4-Chloro-5-trimethvlsiIanvlethvnvl-7H-PVrrolor2.3-dfovrirnidine
4-(^oro-5-trimetkylsilanyletkynyl^
synthesized from 4-chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (Step 1) as described in A. Gangjee et al., J. Med. Chem. (2003) 46, 591-600.
Step 3. Synthesis of 2-(4-CMo^o-5-trimetfavlsilanvlethvnyl-p^aTolo[23-dlpvr^nidin-
7-vlM-('2.4-dichloro-ben2^1oxvV5-(2.4-dichloro-^'eiizvloxymethvn-3-methyl-
tetrahydro-furan-3-ol
- 2-(4-CUoro-5-trimetliylsttanylethynyl^^^
dicriloro-benzyloxy)-5-(2,4-dichloro-ber^loxymem^
. ol (0.440 g, 2.08 mmol) from step 2 was suspended in 31 mL of dry acetonitrile. 0.063 g (2.08 mmol) of NaH (60% in oil) was added and the mixture was stirred for 4 h at ambient temperature under an argon atmosphere. Meanwhile, l-O-Methyl-3,5-bis-0-(2Adichloroprienybnetriyl)-2'-C-rnethyl-p-D-riboruranoside (0.339 g, 0.902 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL of dry dichloromethane, cooled to 0°C and HBr (0.75 mL, 30% w/w in AcOH) was added drop wise. The reaction was maintained for 1 h at 0°C and for an additional 2.5 h at ambient temperature and then the solvent was evaporated. The mixture was 3 times co-evaporated with dry toluene, dissolved in 10 mL of dry acetonitrile and added to the sodium salt of the base. The reaction mixture was kept at room temperature over night and evaporated to dryness. The residue was distributed between ethyl acetate and water. The water fraction was extracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 100 mL). The combined organic fractions were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate then evaporated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (ethyl acetate/dichloromethane 5:100 v/v) to yield 0.215 , g (33%) of protected nucleoside. MS: 714.08 (M+l).
Step 4. 2-(4-CHoro-5-trime&vlsilanvlefa hydroxvmethvl-3-memvl-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol
To the solution of the product from Step 3 (0.215 g, 0.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (8 mL) maintained at -78°C was added boron trichloride (1M in
78

dichloromethane) (2.9 mL, 3.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at -78°C for 1 h, then at -20°C overnight. The reaction was quenched with dichloromethane/methanol 1:1 (7.5 mL), stirred at -20°C for 0.5 h and neutralized at 0°C with aqueous ammonia. The solid was filtered, washed with dichloromethane/methanol 1:1 and the combined extracts evaporated in vacuo, The residue was purified on silica gel column with chloroform/methanol (10:1 v/v) as eluent. Corresponding fractions were combined, concentrated to yield 0.082 g (70 %) of the deprotected nucleoside.
Step 5. 2-('5-Ethvnvl^hvdroxvanimo-pyrrolor2,3-d]pvrimidin-7-yl'>-5-hvdroxvmethvl-3-memvl-tetrahyd^"iuran-3.4-diol
The compound from Step 4 is suspended in dry ethanol and O-trimethylsilyl hydroxylamine (10 eq.) is added. The mixture is refluxed for 2 hours, evaporated and the crude mixture is purified by RP HPLC on a Phenominex column (250 x 20 mm) using gradient of acetonitrile in water from 0 to 30% over 30 minutes at 10 mL/minute.

2-f4-Hvdroxvamino-5-vinyl-pvrroIo[2,3-d1pyrimidin-7-vlV5-hvdroxvmethvI-3-methvl-tetrahvdro-furan-3.4-dioU2301
The title compound from Example 29 is dissolved in THF and placed under hydrogen (1 atm) in the presence of Lindlar's catalyst until one mole of hydrogen is consumed.
79


Example 31
2-(4-Hvdroxvammo-5-oxazol-5-yl-Dvrrolof2J-d1pvrimidin-7-yIV-5-hydroxymethyI-3-methvl-tetrahvdro-fiiran-3,4-dioU23:O
Step 1. Synthesis of 4-Chloro-7-f3.4-dihydroxv--5-hydroxyinethvl-3-methvl-
tetrahvdro-furan-2-vlV7H-pviTolor23-d1p\TTinidine-5-caibaldehvde
4-Quoro-7-(3,4-dmydroxy-5-hydroxymemyl-3-m
7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyriirridme-5-carbaldehyde is synthesized through a multi-step reaction pathway according to the procedure described in S. Watanabe and T. Ueda. Nucleosides andNucleotides (1983) 2(2), 113-125. However 2-(4-chloro-
pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrrniidm~7-yl)-5-hydroxymethyl-3-mem^ used in place of tubercidin.
Step 2. 2-(4-CMoro-5-oxazol-5-yl-pvrrolo[2.3-d]pvrimidin-7-yl)-5-hvdroxvmethvl-3-methyl-tetrahydro-ruran-3,4-diol
To the compound from Step 1 is added tosylmethyl isocyanide (1 eq.) in MeoH containing K2CO3 (1 eq.) and the mixture is heated to reflux until starting material is consumed. The solvent is removed in vacuo and the crude mixture purified by RP HPLC on a Phenominex column (250 x 20 mm) using a gradient of acetonitrile in water from 0 to 30% over 30 minutes at 10 mL/minute.
80

Step 3. 2-(4-HvdroyyaTniTio-5-Qxazol-5-vl-pvrrolo[2.3-d]pYriTriidiTi-7-vlV5-
hvdroxvmethvl-3-methvl-tetrahvdro-fiiran"3.4-diol V
The compound from Step 2 is suspended in dry ethanol and O-trimethylsilyl hydroxylamine (10 eq.) is added. The mixture is refhixed for 2 h, evaporated and the crude mixture purified by RP HPLC on a Phenominex column (250 x 20 mm) using a gradient of acetonitrile in water from 0 to 30% over 30 minutes at 10 mL/minute to yield the title compound.
Example 32 Preparation of the intermediate methyl 2-methvl-3.5-bisfDCBVribose

Step 1: Preparation of methvl-2.3.5-tris-Q-f2.4-dichlorobenzvlVl-O-methyl-D-ribofuranose
The title compound is synthesized using the methods described in Martin, P.; Helv. Chim. Acta, 1995, 78, 486 starting with commercially available D-ribose.
Step 2: Preparation of methvl-3.5-bis-O-(2.4-dichlorobenzvlVl-O-methvl-D-ribofuranose
To a solution of the product of Step 1 (171.60 g, 0.2676 mol) in 1.8 L CH2C12 that was cooled to 0 °C, was added dropwise a solution of stannous chloride (31.522 mL, 0.2676 mol) in 134 mL CH2CI2 while stirring. After the solution was kept at 3 °C for 27 hours, another 5.031 ml of SnCU (0.04282 mol) was added and the solution was kept at 3 °C overnight. After 43 hours the reaction was quenched by carefully adding the solution to 1.9 L saturated NaHCC>3 solution. Tin salts were removed via . filtration through celite after which the organic phace was isolated, dried with MgSC>4
81

and evaporated in vacuo. The yield of raw, dark yellow oil was 173.6 g, which contains 2s4-dibenzoyl chloride. The crude oil was used directly in the next step without further purification.
Step 3: Preparation of methvl-2-O-acetvl-3.5-bis-O-('2.4-dichlorobenzvlVl-O-methvl-D-ribofuranose
To the solution of raw oil from Step 2 above (173.6 g, 0.3600 mol) in 1.379 L pyridine, were added Ac2O (33.970 mL, 0.3600 mol) andDMAP (1.3766 g, 0.01127 mol). After 21 hours of stirring at room temperature 1.4 LH2O were added. The solution was acidified with 1.45 L concentrated HCL. The acidified product was extracted with EtOAc, dried with MgSC>4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was isolated as 85.75 g (0.1636 mol) of clear oil.
Step 4: Preparation of 3.5-bis-Q-f2.4-dichlorohenzvlVl-0-methvl-D-ribofuranose
The compound prepared in Step 3 above (85.75 g, 0.1636 mol) in 820 mL of saturated methanolic potassium carbonate was stirred at ambient temperature for 45 minutes and then concentrated in vacuo. The oily residue was suspended in 820 mL of CH2C12, washed with water (493 mL + 5 X 328 mL) and brine (328 mL), dried (NaSCU), filtered, and concentrated to give the product. The oil (75.93 g, 0.1573 mol) was immediatedly used in the next step without further purification.
Step 5: Preparation of 3.5-bis-Q-("2.4-dichlorobenzs^Vl-D-methvl-D-ervthro-p entafuranos-2-ulo se
To an ice-cold suspension of Dess-Martinperiodinane (106.75 g,0.2517moi) in 740 mL anhydrous CH2CI2, under argon, was added a solution of the product of Step 4 above in 662 mL anhydrous CH2CI2 dropwise over 0.5 hours. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 0.5 hours and then at room temperature for 6 days. The mixture was diluted with 1.26 L anhydrous Et2O and poured into an ice-cold mixture of Na2S2O35H2O (241.2 g, 1.525S mol) in 4.7 L saturated aqueous NaHCO3. 1 The layers were separated, and the organic layer was washed with 1.3 L saturated aqueous NaHCO3,1.7 L water and 1.3 L brine, dried with MgSO4, filtered and
82

evaporated to give the target compound. This compound (72.38 g, 0.1507 mol) was used without further purification in the next step.
Step 6: Preparation of the title compound
A solution of MeMgBr in 500 mL anhydrous Et2O at 55 °C was added dropwise to a solution of the product of Step 5 above (72.38g, 0.1507 mol), also in 502 mL anhydrous EtzO. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to -30 °C and stirred mechanically for 4 hours at -30 °C to -15 °C, then poured into 2 L ice cold water. After stirring vigorously at ambient temerpature for 0.5 hours, the mixture was filtered through a Cleite pad (14x5 cm), which was thoroughly washed with Et20. The organic layer was dried with MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in hexanes (~1 mL per gram crude), applied to a silica gel column (1.5 L silica gel in hexanes) and eluted with hexanes and [4:1 hexanesrethyl acetate, v/v] to give 53.58 g (0.1080 mol) of the final purified product. The morphology of the title compound was that of an off-yellow, viscous oil.
MS: m/z 514.06 (M+NH4+).
Biological Examples
Example 1. Anti-Hepatitis C Activity
Compounds of this invention exhibit anti-hepatitis C activity by inhibiting HCV polymerase, by inhibiting other enzymes needed in the replication cycle, or by other pathways. A number of assays have been published to assess these activities. A general method that assesses the gross increase of HCV virus in culture is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,738,985 to Miles et al In vitro assays have been reported in Ferrari et al Jnl ofVir., 73:1649-1654,1999; Ishii et al, Hepatology, 29:1227-1235, ¦ 1999; Lohmannetal, JnlofBio. Chern., 274:10807-10815, 1999; and Yamashitaet al, Jnl of Bio. Chem., 273:15479-15486,1998.
WO 97/12033, filed on September 27,1996, by Emory University, listing C. Hagedorn and A. Reinoldus as inventors, which claims priority to U.S.S.N.
83

60/004,383, filed on September 1995, describes an HCV polymerase assay that can be used to evaluate the activity of the of the compounds described herein. Another HCV polymerase assay has been reported by Bartholomeusz, et al, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA polymerase assay using cloned HCV non-structural proteins; Antiviral Therapy 1996:l(Supp 4) 18-24.
Screens that measure reductions in kinase activity from HCV drugs are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,030,785, to Katze et al, U.S. Patent No. Delvecchio et al, and U.S. Patent No. 5,759,795 to Jubin et al Screens that measure the protease inhibiting activity of candidate HCV drugs are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,861,267 to Su et al, U.S. Patent No. 5,739,002 to De Francesco et al, and U.S. Patent No. 5,597,691 to Houghton et al
Example 2. Replicon Assay
A cell line, ET (Huh-lucubineo-ET) is used for screening of compounds of the present invention for HCV RNA dependent RNA polymerase. The ET cell line is stably transfected with RNA transcripts harboring a I^luc-ubi-neo/NSS-S'/ET; replicon with firefly luciferase-ubiquitin-neomycin phosphotransferase fusion protein and EMCV-IRES driven NS3-5B polyprotein containing the cell culture adaptive mutations (E1202G; T1280I; K1846T) (Krieger at al, 2001 and unpublished). The ET cells are grown in DMEM, supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 2 mM Glutamine, Penicillin (100 IU/mL)/Streptomycin (100 ug/ml), lx nonessential amino acids, and 250 ug/mL G418 ("Geneticin"). They are all available through Life Technologies (Bethesda, 3VDD). The cells are plated at 0.5-1.0 xlO4 cells/well in the 96 well plates and incubated for 24 h before adding nucleoside analogs. Then the compounds each at 5 and 50 uM will be added to the cells. Luciferase activity will be measured 48-72 hours later by adding a lysis buffer and the substrate (Catalog number Glo-lysis buffer E2661 and Bright-Glo leuciferase system E2620 Promega, Madison, WI). Cells should not be too confluent during the assay. Percent inhibition of replication will be plotted relative to no compound control. Under the same condition, cytotoxicity of the compounds will be determined using cell proliferation
84

reagent, WST-l(Roche, Germany). The compounds showing antiviral activities, but no significant cytotoxicities will be chosen to determine IC50 and TC50.
Example 3. Cloning and expression of recombinant HCV-NS5b The coding sequence of NS5b protein is cloned by PCR from pFKI389luc/NS3-3'/ET as described by Lohmann, V., et al (1999) Science 285,110-113 using the following primers:
aggacatggatccgcggggtcgggcacgagacag (SEQ. ID. NO. 1) aaggctggcatgcactcaatgtcctacacatggac (SEQ. ID. NO. 2) The cloned fragment is missing the C terminus 21 amino acid residues. The cloned fragment is inserted into an EPTG-inducible expression plasmid that provides an epitope tag (His)6.at the carboxy terminus of the protein.
The recombinant enzyme is expressed in XL-1 cells and after induction of expression, the protein is purified using affinity chromatography on a nickel-NTA column. Storage condition is 10 roM Tris-HCl pH 7.5,50 mM NaCl, 0.1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, 20% glycerol at -20 °C.
Example 4. HCV-NS5b Enzyme Assay
The polymerase activity is assayed by measuring incorporation of radiolabeled UTP into aRNA product using a poly-A template (1000-10000 nucleotides) and oligo-Un primer. Alternatively, a portion of the HCV genome is used as template and radiolabeled GTP is used. Typically, the assay mixture (50 uL) contains 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH7.5), 5 mM MgCl2, 0.2 mM EDTA, 10 mM KC1,1 unit/^iLRNAsin, 1 mMDTT, 10 uM eachofNTP, alpha-[32P]-GTP, 10ng/fiLpolyA template and 1 ng/^L oligoU primer. Test compounds are dissolved in water containing 0 to 1% DMSO. Typically, compounds are tested at concentrations between 1 nM and 100 JIM. Reactions are started with addition of enzyme and allowed to continue at room temperature or 30 °C for 1 to 2 h. Reactions are ) quenched with 20 \iL 10 mM EDTA and reaction mixtures (50 (iL) spotted on DE81 filter disc to capture the radiolabelled RNA products. After washing with 0.5 mM Na2HPO4 (3 times), water (1 time) and ethanol (1 time) to remove unincorporated
85

KTP, the discs are dried and the incorporation of radioactivity is determined by scintillation counting.
Formulation Examples
The following are representative pharmaceutical formulations containing a compound of Formula IVor IVA.
Example 1
Tablet formulation
The following ingredients are mixed intimately and pressed into single scored tablets.

Example 2
Capsule formulation
The following ingredients are mixed intimately and loaded into a hard-shell
86
gelatin capsule.


Example 3
Suspension formulation
The following ingredients are mixed to form a suspension for oral administration.

Example 4
Injectable formulation
The following ingredients are mixed to form an injectable formulation.

Example 5
Suppository formulation
87
A suppository of total weight 2.5 g is prepared by mixing the compound of the invention with Witepsol® H-15 (triglycerides of saturated vegetable fatty acid; Riches-Nelson, Inc., New York), and has the following composition:


From the foregoing description, various modifications and changes in the above described invention will occur to those skilled in the art. All such modifications coming within the scope of the appended claims are intended to be
included therein.
88

WE CLAIM :
1. Nucleoside derivativescomprisiiig a compound of Formula I:

-¦¦-;---.-:-. =; "4£^:^^e55ta£m^aH^ group
¦ ¦¦----:¦- E«,-.^t,;- ¦¦_ -consistingof:
_.--_-i-_-^-_^ ;-- _=-:r^ hydrogen^
^;:-.-;. ... alkyl,
substituted alkyl, -IT.r-:.- :¦=.!= ~y[ atenyl, -___.. i-ij^-ruciT^jrL-r^substitutedalkenyl, L±y-'sr;:r CILT^'I. alkyiiyL, ^v^-il^^^^ic^^iisufastitoted alkynyl;
;-l" =.= .;-_=jis.1. iB\^^^^isTsele_G^^^m"tliev^oup c»nastbigiof.iiydfogeri,_alkyl, and =:-..-::.-.? -i^^vhnicdsubstitutedaikyi;
K. is selected from the group, .consisting .of hydrogen, alkyl, and fy,:;i:^-::^v5ini^icdsi&stitutedalk^; - ... .
:- :-, -., ^-/-^UOtN^Sil^i^^^e-H©^^^^^ - -
.-._ ..-:i-^™.--.>O4;3H3xazol-5T^.>CK-l^thi^^
89

.- r.^,----aikynylr>^^^
-..--:.. - --:>- ^^^.Dxasolrar^),^^
¦-'" ' ^i^-i7-VraiMi>£V^:;where^^
hydroxy, alkylthioefher, and -NR.3^* "where R3 and R4 are independently selected firom the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic and where R3 and R4 are joined to form, together with the nitrogen, atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group, provided that only one of R3 and R4 is hydroxy, alkoxy, or substituted aBtoxy; --.-; ^. r.- r -^15 and'R16 are Mdependently selected firomthe group consisting of:
hydrogen, ¦ aliyl,
substituted alkyl,
.__ .. ^cycloalkyi,
' ' . . ^^.-^Kv-.^substituted-cyclGalkyl,
-y= . ,. aryl - " ¦¦ ¦ "r.-:_:::_;;.v.-isubstitutedaryl,
: - - .- ii -..¦-¦. r-j-ieterosryx,
. subsu'tutedlieteroaryl, and
::::::_ii--: n:a^ -_7r_:- --jattac^ed.inay,foma^eterc^^
of: -¦¦ ------ hydrogen,
¦ :^...-'- ..-. ¦::;-zZ_.-...\ :^.a.pliosphate,
L -¦:-. v".-;:-a-pliosphonate,
"""¦ : : : 90

_ ::_L' -_-: -iaiaoiioflaoroph.osphate,-
acyl,
..:...'.'¦ :::..^.::_>"":;L::a:Stlifenate ester,
:_::::_, ";-"—=--_ alipid, -.= i '¦¦¦¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦-¦ i^ri J:=v.-=: :aai«rm*no acid, zi\:zi.: •¦¦.¦-:: ;b:^:^:f---;-^a^arbobydratej .-..-....- '¦¦ -r-. :±:"_-:--~:r.. .a^peptide, and
... ; -r/.ru..--;:^.^-^!^^r.-andp3iari^ceutic^ja^;c^table:prodnjgs.and-saitsi3iereof; — re; :."rJ i^gs Aiii^-itpioyidedrT^at^h&compoinid'jof Pormula I is not:
"".'" "^ :-"^" ^ ib^-7^^i.iD-fflofikaaosyI)-4-^ytoxy --......_.__:_,.:;-;:^^^:^.; J»djpyrimidnie;
— ...-'..—d).9^(5-'-OTmonopliosphate-p-I)-ribofuranosyl)-6-
:. :...------------~ilydf6^1animoptniiie; and
- :--^:-- -_¦ i:^'r:V~.'J:e)i9^(5^Qrt[^liosp£ate-|3^D^rifaoBii^
2. The compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein R and R1 are not both hydrogen, hydrogen.
3. A compound of Fonnula 1A:
91


..._._ .. wherein R an&Rl-areindependently selected from, the group
- :.:- -Wr--—consisting of: ,(
.:.-¦-_-. - -.,.--,-.-¦"¦. hydrogen,
:--=. ---¦--¦¦ alkyl, -._:--. -.--_.-i;-u:^ir^suhcstitiitedalkyl,
=" " ." --- " nttr-amA
djtin.CliJ.yl2
¦ -~ ¦---:--i!-- «¦-¦ -^:^ substituted aHceaiyi,
...._ - - aUcynyl,
-uj^::rv.:rd^ik^n}^^:;subst!faiied alkyByl;
- - - i'-..: -.- .-.-.= i=R j is seleGM-from^e^groiip-coiisistm^afl^drogen, alkyl, and --. v^z-L^j^^:^-^rsubstituted sSteyl;
": ""-- --.-:-.-_?i.c ]i"-itif^lis-THeldbt3ai#omitega?up"c»Hs^^ alfcyL and
"subs€tated alkyl;
.¦ -:":. :--F- "V-^"">HJ^>CH7>G4GN,O>G^N"02,:>G=al^l-,>G-substitatediaH^l,->C^NHa3NH^ _--:,_; ,v.M,;:>^CO3mHR?-, >C-€0ORM, >C-5ydroxy:F>era3koxy4>C-amino,
:/_^'v^--^;-y^1s^(4^t^^^2J^^>^iffiH^ T ---
F Is selected from >N, >CH, >G-CN3 >C-NO2, >C-a3kyl, >C-siibstitated alkyl, >C-NHCONH2, >C-CONR15R16, >C-COOR15, >C-alkox>^ >C-(l,3-oxazol-2-yl), >C-(l93-thiazol-2-yl), >C-(imidazol-2-yl)5 and>C-Y, where Y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, a&ylthioetlier, and -NR3R4 where R3 and R4 are independently selected from
92

the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, aUcyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, -^ _-w-A___^substift3ted-alk^
aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocychc and where R3 and R4 are joined to form, together with the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group, provided that only one
--- ¦¦-- :-:ofR3-andRiis&y^pxy,-alko2^
:.--- .-.-: ^^—--t-j^and-R-^ein^
-.-v-.-=--=--r.-- ;-yr-:^--: hydrogen,
:_"__ _ L.:;;T:I: .::-:-" substituted alkyl,
. .;" v-}\_- ":.=_-_- jljiiVi iVcycloalkyl;,
--¦: - ^-r.^:^iv^substitu.ted:cycloalkyl,
-;.: aryl,
" " substituted aryl, :-..-:.:.-:. :.r? _n:..--.¦¦!.heteroaiyl, ¦.::V::-:^rziL:t^ix~:7i::Substitutedlieteroaryl, and
attachedniayfoTmahetercycloal^l, s^stitutedheterocylcoalkyl, ' -.-j..^ iJ-^-^iij^j-liet^oaTyJi-or^substitutedheteroaryl;
, -:-r :T-¦?^^--^"-is^sei^tedrfromthe-group consisting of:
" hydrogen,
aT?;u^^;:;j^u-ujr:-a4>hosphonate5
- --: -::-:--i acyl,
_ ._. "-"-^-"--^"-—^=L=-.^:ea^-sidfi>nate-ester, - -
.- •---_¦. .- :-r^s.... alipid,
an amino acid,
- ----- '-¦ V : :-::;:--"-:;a:=carbohydrate?
_ ^ _.:__'. r "_V ¦.— - - a'peptide, and
- i :i ----^i-.--r»-*Ir:%.¦> cholesterol:
93

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof
. :."__."_ .b..-.; ^-¦_ipro^ddedthatiheaimpoTmdJofFonniila IA is not 9-(2-G=inethyl-a-D-ribofuraaosyl)-6-hydroxylaminopurine.
4. A compound of Formula IB:

¦ _r. -.¦-. r^iii^reirwKerein?R:an&-&^^ group
C:LI:C-;;;- consisting of:
" " hydrogen,
. " -: :;",.,:¦• ¦ alkyl, -T-.-:.---~-:- --;.-yr:- -: substituted allcyl,
alkenyl,
--¦¦--.-—c;;^^;;tv^ substituted: alkeayl,
--=" ; ¦_¦" - ^-ii;-.¦-¦¦-¦,--alkynyl, and
-¦-:---.: ;-:!^H/v;^k^:si&stitiIiedalkynyl;
:: ;r= ri-c^rLf^ssiDSfes^lei^^ and
" :¦ -:- :.::.:V:>u.":;"::Sl!bstituted alkyl;
: ^.;___.. --j^-ig^iectedironi^ alkyl, and
- substituted alkyl; , __- _;_": -"^ ^^j:-:":Y"iE^elected:feomifae.group consisting of:
"-¦¦¦¦:—=¦ ^."zr-z^aii hydrogen, "=.:_".;- '¦--'.--¦:¦ ¦ ¦ iialo,
- ~ 94

hydroxy, --¦ - r-alkylfbioefher,
-NR3R4 where R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy,
aryl, .substituted aryl, heteroaryl,substitatedheteroaryl, heterocyclic,
^.^.^ubstitutediieterocyclic-and^where-R3- and Rlare joinedto form,- together with
- - - -the nitrogen atom:bpiid-aiereto, a-heterocyclic groups provided that only one
=i-_ .-. :¦ ¦---j-T:~-:-2isselectedtfrom'-theLgroupconsistingo£ _-.— _ __J^TH. hydrogen,
¦¦--,=. halo,
: -: hydroxy,
..;¦ " -:::;.::-..*:- alkyl,
,_,_,,.- -m,.-™-;;== = substituted alkyl,
¦ -¦:-,* curcar/i. alkenyl,
- :::i--H:-:. -..'substitutedalkenyL,
,.-::"":-.: ^i±i^j^^~substituted alkynyl, cyano,
~rryry> - ^""y-—caTDOXyl,
"-= - - ¦¦ - ^-.i._=.=.v; ^ ricarboxyl ester,
¦ -.:^_-wii. - "..vacylamino, \ :-vh;;o:: irJ^v^^t;3^pxazol-2-yl,
^¦^^¦/¦Trry^::— ;i:l>?J&ia2o^2-yl^
nnidazol-2-yl,
:::-: :;.;^^^-^--^^xb:fl^3dithioI-4-yis -i. ;-2- ¦ I. „- - ^-^- -^. fiiran-2-yls
- [ .ir.£™^^i^2dEtg^3]triazol-4=yl, and
95

¦. -. -..,::---: - -¦?.'•. ¦-._ -NR^R4 -:where R- and R4:are-independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aUcenyl, substituted alfcenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted allcoxy, aryl, substituted aryL, heteroatyl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, j^siibstitutedilieteiocyclic .and wliere R.. and R4 -are joined to form, -together "with __the.nitrogen atom bond-theretpj alieterocyclic group,-provided that only one
- -of R3- and R~4s-iiydroxy,- aUcoxy/;orsubstituted alkoxy;
v; -.v-^ -rrrrrw^W^and^W^^are-mdependentlyselectedJfromiibe^oup consisting
of:
v--_i. : .-, - liydrogeiL,. ¦ -f:-—::=_^r.£-l-:..apliospliate,
- -¦ --¦- aphosphonate, ¦¦¦¦;¦ lY-yi-:2h:sAri;x^mbnoflu6iGphosphstc ¦¦¦ ¦-- '- acyl, • ;:-v--:-.,:-- ¦ a-suifonate ester, •:~ir.'~! alipid, ¦- -:-= --. -~r;^-^i: ^aiLarmiio acid, „.,,,. -, ¦. y^tt-y^***.. -^a,cafbabydrate,
a peptide, and "¦.;_-.-_-—.-." cholesterol;
- 2- ^i±M~: and^phamiaceutically.acceptable^rodrags- aoisalts "thereof;
zh'- :?i74>ro?-dd^'Lihat-ihe;cbiGp_QU!id¦¦ifJrorraula IB is not
. .;.:.,,,:...^-^ 9^5T--0^inoiK^hosDMte--6-B--tiboferanosvlV6-ir-'i bydfoxylam tnopuriae; and
.-, --:rnr5>vr:--;^he compound as claimed in claim-4; wKereiri^at leastoricf R and RJ -)r.ds oiher;flian;b.ydrogeiL
96

\j---vi: rgaiiir-r^A^compoTmd-df Formula IC:

wKefera R and R1 are independently selected from the group consisting of: :> :-.y-r.rr,g™w hydrogen,
:¦»£". . alkyl, ^.-u:-^iivl_:.,:-jsiibstitut©d alkyl,
.;;-¦-:.=, alkenyl, -v.--_^_"ixriT~r:suHstitdtedalkenyl,
atkynyl, and
....: •.-ir./::...-:-:_:lsubstiMted alkynyl, _ u .oiui^^r:^ riprovided lStR,"Ma;Ra^re^st-feoflrfiydcogen;
substituted alkyl;
aibstituted alkyl;
Y_is^electedironi_the,group consisting of: ______
...:. r-.ii-i^i-.Jhydrogeii, r.z:c:.".::.. halo,
. : /.•]••¦¦¦.-••;¦ hydrosyj
- -... _;r-^sj. v.ri^^R^iiwhere^-^and Rlare independently, selected from the
97

group consisting of hydrogen, Kydroxy, alkyl;"sub'stitiited-alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted, alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted, alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic and where R3 and R4 are joined to form, together with
=fhB3Htrogeffatom&Qnd^
-.-""- *?»2^-^l8i3tedfl&oni'Bie^gtoiq) consisting of: .-.-.:.--.-- hydrogen,
1.--1--- halo, 1 —- iiy:Jr'j_\ ;.¦ - hydroxy, alkyl, and " ' ¦ "5z?r~"JC :.". iNR^fe4^bSre3!?TandRA~stxeiiidependently selected from the
:groBB^cOiJsistingTof hydrogenVliydfoxy;raBcyl,'sabstituted aikyl, alkenyl,
-suhstftuteCallcetiylfai^^y^ibstitate^
^^li'-suVstitufe'd^^ylj/heteroary^ substituted hetearo'aryli -heterocyclic,
. -substituted- heteroG^clfc^id"i^aere ^and-Rlaxe^oinedto form, together with
fee nitrdgen atonrti;ond1iieretp,ahsteroc>rciic grbyprpto^dded that onJy one
of R3 and R4 is hydroxy, alkoxy, or substituted alkoxy;
-:-: =^«. ^^-i^seleeteti^smthe group consisting of: :i"-T"'.:=;¦•¦"-=L•-; hydrogen, ¦r~: ----- ^ ^_ic pr^^aphosphate, ..,^v:-^L^h-^.;.i-ja.phosphoaate,
=i-;.l: acyl, -""--.:;-,/;^-r;-^.L;-a-sulfonate estst^
-.- .- :- --.alipid,
:-.- ¦^¦r^vnr.- ^an amiiio acid,
= U t=v=^,:,'-_a:carbohydTate, .:.I_. i-^Jr^d?; apeptide, and i:^ii/V" :-:-:.-. cholesterol; sir:ii^li:.:an'dpharinaceutically acceptable salts thereof;
*' provided that thecompblna^of Formula IC is not 9^23-C-msQiyl-a-'D-
98

ribofuranosyl)-6-(-S or RInactive-)-iLydroxylaminopiirine.
: jv, —-^compound oTFormula IC-A:

wherein R and R are independently selected from the group -- r- :r - consisting of:
-=¦¦-¦¦: -L-:_ . alkyl,
..-:,. = :.. . -.-^^r^ir:...J-Jsubstituted alkyl,
-":- ¦ _": :-:-"=.-. *-\l. -alkenyi,
¦ —-—.-.. i-i-z-substitutedaikeaiy^
^. r. - v :.¦--.-¦ .¦:—alkynyl, and -!:;>:.:::i. £;^^^"^=^substitutedalkynjd,
-_-i -_: v ^^-- _mo^:-,-:iiu i53ro_vided:fhat R;.and:RVare not "both, hydrogen;
"¦'". rr"i"-:.c::zR2ls>N^'Ri'^hereR3is or aBcoxy;
-. :. - .-V"!^.^k.-;-:iyissdected--femi&e-gr6Tq)c6BsistDigo£ -.-.-.".-,_-—_ r;y;;-,:^---rjydrogen,
halo, _-._ ¦Ji-_-_-_j"I :"-;-"-""i-:-":. -hydroxy,
'":--^*.""J::.": "--^S:if- :ir2l^Ri^h^ffi:S3:acdRiare:ih"depiei]denfl from the
^r.q orri-^oT3pxo^s1irjg:ofirydrpgei^-"aU^ "alkenyl^ substituted
rrF.-A \--:-^^&^l-3£tey^^ heteroaryL
:r ¦;:¦:: -¦'----* substituted hetero.axy^heterocycnc/stibstitiited'h^eroGyclic and where R and
99 ¦

_-, R44s joined to form,-together, with the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group;
Z is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, halo, I, __.:\ rhydroxy, and
liy^aup-consistiii^^
r- :a&enyl^Hl^yV^sti^^ heteroaryl,
¦ '^IJstitutedrMeroaiy^ieterbcyclic.; substitute^"heterocyciic"and;wliere R3 and
- 4R- ar^gmneditG^iSmn^-iibgeiiier^wi^ atornrbond thereto, a
: heterocyclic grottp;
¦ J, L-I-TT^W1 is seieGtedfem-the^gro'Dp'consKting of:
----- ==---• ---i-rj-.-liydrogen,
-;-1-- "---:-¦ ^^.i-.^ia phosphate, -=¦;" " acyl,
a sulfonate ester,
:= ..;".- ¦ ¦ alipid,
.-.. : i^:.i.vv::\-jcairainiaoacid, :-- _----;"¦ :-: ^a-caxboitydrate,
------- -^-^ _¦'"M., apeptide, and
---. '-:== :^:-h:v:..r:>ichoiesteroI;
- -:--"'„= "andijMarmac^idc^iy^acceptablersalts thereof;
,.: provided that "the compound if Formula IC-A is not5r-(2'-C-methyl-a-;^^-Tffib^aitk^l)^^^drGxylarj^opiJrme.
100

8. A compound of Formula ID:

"Jv;-^;..:wlierem^RMi&^i^ consisting of:
¦;¦ -:-¦_-¦-- "-.:-;..;:. hydrogen,
_- '- -i-.--I. alkyl,
..i ¦_- -^ - ^~^_-"^ ----substituted alkyl,
\ "-.,__- _a1kenyl,
.:_-i,:..:.^-i-._^rvi:r..:.-:^substitutedalkenyl, .-- . ¦-¦; -. .^— :¦.¦"-,-_-,.alkyuyl, and .".--¦.-:. "-^^-^^iiiisnbstitutedaHcynyl;
; ¦-~v : ^- r :i_/-E:-^is^lected-fe>mthe-group consistingofhydrbgeii,-alkyj, and '=r±z-r d substituted alkyl;
-..-^~= ^x:V3^^is?s^oct6di&T>prfhB:^oupp6nsistin^ aliQr3, and
:~:.—.-substituted alkyl;
Y is selected firomthe groxip consisting of: ".r-.-v-;-. hv.^-ran, hydrogen, :--¦-."=. h>!,;--•-_ halo, .-/11":¦ J;"7 **ii""?- vv;r hydro^y,
l\zJ±T. ~i_^L^a:ri^3Rli]^ fromthe
-¦r-^-cpottp.-ctJn^tingrof-liydrogeav'nydro^;-^^^ alkenyl,
substituted aBcenyl, sUkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy,
101

aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic,
~^"sWs1itated1ietero^ and R*-are joined to -fon% together with
the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group, provided that only one of R? and R4 is hydroxy, aUcoxy, or substituted alkoxy;
Z2 is selected from the group consisting o£ 7A:;:-. -:cv:-^2x\- hydrogen,
--¦¦-' ' halo, _-.--.. L----.-J. . hydroxy,
alkyl, .--¦--—..¦-•-z*Sj~.ir..-r-"substituteda3kyL,
:-~: i^:-ii--±rjiuiiuu Jsabstituted alkenyl, ¦---'--\ - .:=T ,.;.^l:. alkynyl, --..-- -. -.--v^:,^;::j^."sub"s1i1XLteda3kyriyl, ¦-.-¦:-- ry--Tir. cyano
carboxyl, ..-L- : carboxyl ester,
--¦¦'—: - .acylamino,
------ »-=-==".----.-_-.-_=il^-oxazol-2-yl9
------ --: "---" -«_:• :.-:l^-oxazol-5-yl,
i:x.-: ¦ ¦ --I ^r-:^y c;iU^3rthia2ol-2-yi5 ¦"-"--:-;;.-, -.---Iaradazol-2-yl,
2-oxo-[l,3]dithioI-4-y ~r. _ yi.fiiri-^:jL:v33raii-2-yl,
fo;:^^t^Tcdfl^istiiig;^f.hydrogeri^5^J3^-a^^ lb^.substituted^13cesyl^£dfcyi^^^
i;^-substitrtted-heterocyelie- and-rwiier&S.3 and-R-:are-joined-toibrm, together with
102

the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group, provided that only one of R3 and R4 is hydroxy, alkoxy, or substituted alkoxy;
W, W, and W are independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
a phosphate,
- ...._ _—.r.—.—phosphonate,
.-::r-^_:£:u:_ianonofLuorophosphate
acyl,
-"—' -i::-r-:. alkyi, .-.; -.--";-:,-:,-.-;*;_¦:;: :i-.a-sulfbnateester,
- .-¦-' -¦ ----:;. .alipid,
.- -^._.-_ . "A.:-" ¦••--~^ramiao acid, . . -i-.-.i: .-ijr--:^»-??-~.-:}a£arbohydrate,
- ---.---;-.'-.. .-:-I:_-:--JL1J. :^.:peptide, and
cholesterol;
. _:._^.::v;.":: i'A---'il'_' and.phatmacentically_acceptable prodrugs1 and salts thereof; -- ¦ ij::::-5:;j^:V^providedlhafcthe-.G6mpQundrifJFoim^ ^^r:Avi;r^j^onJxanosyl)f"4^iiyar6xylan^
:: i'vo-i-rjn-.^;;^ and R1 is
Srii"-^ci?ii ioiher-than hydrogen.


-wherein R and R1 are independently selected from the group — T consisting of:
hydrogen, alkyl,
isubstitiited alkyl, alkenyl,
" substituted alkenyi, alkynyL, and Isubstituted alkynyl;
^,"27I--£^i-.^l.i^-seleGtedfi:Dni_£he-"gr6Tip:consisting oTn^dfogeii, aSiyl, and r^rlsubstitixted alkyl;
¦¦¦,." ^.r..;L.3R-l4is-selected:fronx^ alkyl, and
¦v™ ^suhstitated alkyl; . ¦=. =.... ..L,-~.¥ is-selected-fern the-group consisting of:
—...... :. .,.., ,.. hydrogen.
-.-- ' ll"::O_ halo,
~". :.r..L-o:r-%--hydioxy3
¦-.'¦ "\i"-_\:^i.i ?£]:-^_-iiaikyliiii6etiier, and
b:_'l-:. ¦ ¦¦¦¦¦ j\>LTK- ^r^^^^vieredR.3-and^-^a^independenIiy^ from the
¦ - -~subs1iti^ed:a13£^yt=Mk^yl,^bstitutedMQ^ alkoxy,
V':;:'ajyl,-sulJstitdtea^^^fe
¦ ^^sub"stituted.-heteTbcycHc andwhere R3 and R4^arejonled =to forms together "with
104

the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group, provided that only one of R3 and R4 is hydroxy, aDcoxy, or substituted aJkoxy; Z is selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
halo,
hydroxy,
1- liii^ aftyl,
' substituted alkyl, ¦r'y'::— 'c^\r^ryij -alkenyl,
"'.: u7;;.:: ~a. --^substituted ajkenyl, z""i "'"'"""/.. alkynylj -': — -= :^_-%^-:_;»subsHfefled alkynyl, ... _. ---- cyano :.-..: L-^: ;y_:^v-i.... carboxyl,
carboxyl ester, =-: '¦¦--¦: ;t.--r-adLrn;acylarQino, ::-:::i::_ i:.=;rjc s"ivjJ^3roxazol-2-yl, ;::-:izci ^l-.-t:^- &?I lj3"45xazol-5-yi, -=^--4:^-IUii^^i;3vtinazol-2-yl, i - ¦::" .~:'^7:E:--ri-2.imidazoi-2-yl, ¦--¦ ; . 'j-^^-[ 35»cb-[l,3jai&iol-4-yl, . ........ ... ruran-2-yl,
::,."."¦ ;tlrvi:: ^^2H^1^2^]triazol-4^yl, and
:±-_" v-vi>iil""i3J- -m^HR3R?-^wiiereJR^and-E.^arer-indepen.dently.^elected from the
r=:;^oup:t^risiStmg:of%y ^:JstfcstiM^dlaIkenylj^Il^yV"s^stitifled"a]k^ alkoxy,
:-;-"^V"SuHs^tirtedj^^-heteroai^
"^"stibsritntedinetarocydic and^jdiereiR? ¦and:R4'arejoinedtorfornx!-Ltogethermth
rrrr&e^trogen^tom-'bond^ereto;-^d3etQX3cyi^c^group^^ .that only one
" -:of R3 and^R.1 -ishydroxy, alkoxy^or^substituted alkoxy;
105

W, W , and W are independently selected_£rom the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
a phosphate,
a phosphonate, -a-monofiuorophospliate,
acyj,
^a-sulfonate ester, L a lipid, "aii:amino acid, daicarbohydrate, -aipeptide, and 1 cholesterol;
and pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs and salts thereof.
;-: ¦="-::--:¦ i-r»l h-::^ ^r¥h6 compcaind-as claimed in,cIaimdO,.\vhereinfatleast one of _~__JR and^iis ;qtlier-thaa.Kydrogen.
7..v.:,,;=-,c:.rX2vT_": A compound of fomrolall:

.wherenxE. and K ~are^dej^ndently-selected^:oni1iie group
.-,.-.consisting of:
.-_---::. _v^"j£r-- hydrogen,
: :" vi 106

substituted alkyl,
alkenyl, ^substituted alkenyl,
alkynyl, and
substituted alkynyl; Y2 is CH23 N, O, S, SO, or SO2; N together with-C(H)b and Y forms a heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic,
-^substitotedJbfitemGyclic, lieteroaryljqrjSi&^tut^toeromyiLgroup" is optionally &sed .=£& &xm&bi^&£mv^£&dkjmgsy5tem preferably, no naoreithan 5 fosed jings) with
:::^cloaReny^b£fcerocycHc'y:^yl-andheteroaly^g^oup^n^^
¦: :Tstructures"2s:opti^a%^substituted-ivifrl^o:4^ the group
consisting of hydroxyl, halo, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, thioalkyl, substituted fluoalkylyaryl, heteroa^lj-heterocyciiGyaitro^^cyano^carboxylj-carbo^-esters, alkyl,
v-sul^tufed-'a^i^ia&^y!,:^ alkynyl, amino,
- -and: substituted anuno;
z: ~- -"i-j&is^ananteger-eqnalto 0or 1;
.-"E.-.--7.--. ^.A,lByD^:and=ETarerdndep_endeniiy^elected^onrfhe^^ consisting of
:-5^^ubs!3tuted^ke^iiL5^
-t^G^aBsylarnifio; ^^^^dialkylainiiio, ^-nalogen, >C-(-l;3^xazol-2~yl), :c^_-^3^oxazbi-5^^>C^l#vana2o
^:r^-t;^-i^selex^
"aliy^ >e^aJkenylT>C>substitatedTal3cen3>lJ >C-a3k3^dyi; >C-substitutsd ^ra&ynyl->€:OTe©H^^^
.- oxa2^~2-yl^o^.€gl^-^hiaz6l-2^^ >O-(innda2ol-2-yl), -^C^CZ^bxG^^ditbipl^yl^>@^furan-2^yl)^C=(-2H41v2,51triazol-4-yl), l^an^>^^Tdiere^^:-selected--fiomtfae-groiip/^
107

-¦-bydroxy, ^HcyliHoethe^-and:r->^Rii-where fiiaiaiSiare independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, ^AeteTocycHc)ISubstit^ted:;iletexoqycHc andm^ieiie-Sr and-R4are joined to form, -¦- together- mta-the mtrogen atom bond thereto;, a heterocycEcT-group, provided rikatordy-T}ne--uf:R^a^^
- R15 and R16^are independently selected firom'the group consisting of: :.- --.: ¦;.-"»•. --.:--.-.¦ hydrogen, :'--:\y aDsyl, "_- '::.-.Li- :--:sub_stitntedaIky39 -o=,:-".-j; v-^i^vLcycloalkyi,
substituted cycloalkyl,
c-il'l aryl,
¦ = ------ -.-0-^-~---lsubstitutedar3^
¦ ¦¦:" : ----*•: -¦ ,' heteroaryi,
.. . .--¦-.:-..¦„.¦_ -substitirtedheteroaryl, and
:-.-¦ : :.-:: -"-^-R^s^-R^ioge&eT-^fe-iiiernitr^^ are
heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaiyl;
-"". --!^T_ U". ~--3$^/Wh aMrW-are-independeiitly^selected-n-om the groiip '•-..-..-.;.-_ consisting of: --.-3i_ .~j-"=:'i^-j:f-!i: -bydrogen, ::-.-" --±i':ii-:-.::v2taphosphate, - —"- -----"".¦---.^,-:Taphosphonate,
- • .*-.,»* .www -x^avmonofluorophosphate,
¦--.- acyl,
:= ----LrH^-.-i^-ra'Sulfonate ester,
-'.L'S.C alipid, _ii^_ ^i:: rzzuzi^^ajhsuruiio add, -::-"--.-—. -"~r^-"\-:a-carbohydrate,
108

a peptide, and cholesterol; andphannaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
13. The compound as claimed in claim 12, wherein at least one of ' R and R1 is other than hydrogen.
^ r47::- --ii j^coifipoundof Formula HA:

vr^-ifin -::whereiiL^aiidRLai^independeidly^elected^^mthe group
consisting of: ~-:-2^L. hyJryw-n. hydrogen,
-^"^ .- .?r-:~y.i_.. . alkenyl, ,.;:-_¦_¦_ --^kK^X^substitated'alkeiiyl, - '_¦¦--£-¦-¦¦ ^-Lj^fikyityl, w& =-_-—_-'-'^^—r---:^.' substituted alfeynyl,
¦ ¦¦; _:. -,; E^^I^^rc^dedilh^'JL-anii^RLaie. not -both-hydrogen; ?-i vz,v5^.^^ ^H^N^O,.S,:SO, or SO2; s^^S^:M't6ge^^imih^iC-(H5b^di^^-f^^ ¦:- -' heterba^kof st^siittEtedii^eroaryl^ca^L-whereiii'eML-of- said-heterocyclic,
109

substituted hetero cyclic, heteroaryl of substituted heteroaryl"group'is optionally fused to fonn a bi- or multi-fused ring system (preferably no more than 5 fused rings) with one or more ring^iructures selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, cycloallcenyl, heterocyclic, aryl and heteroaryl group which, in turn, each of such ring structures is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituehts selected from' the group ^T^tisls^g^f^ydfo^l^
X .tiQOallcylraryi; faeteroaryLheteracycUc, nito^^^ alkyl,
.:j-rsiibstitiited:a3kyl;.:alkenyl;"substrtut^^ -alkynyl.' substituted -aBcynyl, amino,
"^taad~substituted amino; z'zt- r^^tj&.^varrinteger equal to 0 or 1; LV ;V_~rurL-. Wis-selected-&om-the-gr6xq> c6nsisting o£ _ hydrogen, :."a phosphate, . ^aphosphonate, acyl, alkyl, ^"a'sulfonate ester,
alipid,
-artamino acid, -ia .carbohydrate, ¦>apeptide, and -uciidiesterol;
/.'~- -. -cr/rj?:;Y4s~;sMectedifrx>m-:^ the group
-- consisting of:
hydrogen, halo, rtydroxy,
.-alkyltbioether, and
¦r-3^3R4-i?^3£re^-iaiiiiL4^ircdaid€^ from the
;"-gmup-xoBsist^ . ^-substitated:alk^yl,-^I!q^yt^ndisubsdtuted^alk5^cyt-3Bcoxy,isubstituted
110

alkoxy, aiyl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, —isub'stitated^hetero"cyclic-and"where -K.3 ami R4 are joined to Iformy together with the nitrogen atom bond thereto, a heterocyclic group, provided that only one of R3 and R4 is hydroxy, atkbxy, or substituted aUcoxy;
Z is selected from the group consisting of: ¦¦^:.,__;.., hydrogen,
-"-"=-•¦ halo,
----- ^ydTDvy/r-hydroxy,
...«; .-:.-:._,.:.-;-j;n aUcyl, and
!¦:_¦'"~"n£^"^:L?^^3?O^4rvrfi^^3'ahd^s^ f-om the
i-:group conststmg^of hydrogen^ hydroxy, aJkyl,^substitate^a11^1>alkenyV:substituted
alkenyl, alkynyl and substituted alkynyl, alkoxy3 substituted aUcoxy, aryl, substituted
^-aiyU-heteroaryi; substitutedjieteroary], heterocyclic, substituted neterbcyclic and
^^whe^-R^^d^^re-joiiied^o^oni^ctff a
ci&eterocyclic grpiip^pro^ded^thlt- onlyione:bfEiandi^ Is hydrox^ alkox}^ or 1 substituted alkoxy; :-:.-:- ¦?. ¦-T- T ^jjjj^phannaceuiically ace eptable" salts 1hereo£
.15. The compound as claimed in any of claims 1-11 wherein R14
--liS/hydrogeii^andR-issele^ed^omifce-grot^-consis^g^ofan^ i---hydrogen.
= ¦-¦-«¦•: -d-6;—:^The'com|>ound-"as-da^ is hydrogen
T:"aiid^^I:isjsele^ted?fe)m^e-^:oup cortsistingiof-hydrogen,¦meihyl, ethyl, and _ n-propyL
^ rfe^^gext^and^RUs;selected^om-the-grbirp consisting"of methyl^yuQ'l, allyl ;-:I acetyl^riy^ ^rdpaffjd; andlrifhibromethyl,
111

18. The compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein A is >CH, B is >N, D is >N, F is >CH or >C-Y and E is >N.
19. The compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein A is >CH, B is
>C-Q, D is >N, F is >CH or >C-Y and E is >N where Q is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, cyano, acylamido, alkyi, aflcenyl, alkynyl,
-and-heteroaryl,
r.----- •-yr;c2Q:.r-iyr^Q:compami&is claimed m clainiT20;--AvliereinLQ: is selected
^-Jrom 1he;group:consistmg-J3f^^^
methyl, ethyl, vinyl? acetyleayl and oxazidin-2-yl.
- -;~d21j-;nrdJ3iecomponndasclaimedin-"claiin:l,: wherein Ais>N, Bis ~>G-Q; B'js^S^P is->iSa-of-^6-Y-iand:Eis:^Sf-TrfiereK2 issselected from the
alkynyl.
TU22,.-=r -The"compound as claimed in cIaim:2lC"wherein^; is selected from the group consisting-of Kydrogen, chloro, .bromp, cyano, H2NC(O)-, -metriyt^etay^vinyl andacetylenyl.
....:.::j23;::^yrhe'comp6und-a^clauhe:d-in--any6f claims .1V3,:4; 6} 7, 8, 10 "12^ and 14, wherein :W: is selected fromJiie-grdiqjxonsistmgrofiiydrogeri, ¦¦ ac3^1 or triphosphate.
24, ^^The-compound^as-claimed-in^anyof.claims 1,4,-8, lO.and 12,
^heremW?-^S7Wi:are^drdgen or acyl.
::. :¦-.:Li :^25-7 "IroEhexompoimd as claimed -in claim 24 ¦— '"26';—-Thecom"pound:^sclainied-inclairn-25;: whereinW2 is acyl
112

. . . ..SL%¦:.-vThe compound as claimedin,.claim=26,r:wherein;said acyl group
is selected from the group consisting of acyl groups are derived from amino adds, trimethylacetyl, and acetyL
28. The compound as claimed in. either, claim X2._ot.lAf. wherein N together ;rath::£.(H}5jaiidr£lfo:[^
:29 I&e compound as claimed in- claim .2-8^ therein said.heterocyclic or suBstituted-lieJsrocycHcrgro^is^elected-&omi^e^roup consisting of 2-carboxamido-pyiroHdin-l-yl/piperidm-l-yVN-mbrpholm wtidm-l^yl,-¥yrtdM-lry±;i l;2,3^4«tetranydropyridin-l-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetea33yd^ai£oqtoolm-2^
iSQ A cofJ3p6und7selectedfi:om'tbLe;group consisting of:
^-(^"-C-nietiiyl^p-D-iiboiaranosyl)^ 6= methoxylaminopuTine;
-^-(2'-C-meuiyl-p-D-ribpfi^ranosyl}-6\propoxylaniinopuinie;
= ^Z-J^^me&ylTprDzribpfiiranosyl)- 4?. hydroxylamino-pyrrolo^S-dlpyrimidiae;
v: -C.-7^0^£*£^eihyl~fcl^b0fCKmosyl)- 4=.methoxylarniiio^p5aTolo[2a3-djpyrknidme;
djpyrimidine;
I' C ;vrdr*(2WG^metityl^p-D-ribpfi^anosyl)':j^kydfaxylaininb-pyrazolofS^-
rdjpyriniidirie;
:v-r-^,7-(2*-p=niethylTp-prnboruiano_^l)"r-5rc^
d]pyiimidnie;
-i-x"^—^^^Gfmeihy^f^^i^ofi^aiiosylJ-^broa^
idjpyrimidine;
113

7-(2s-C-2nethyl-p-D-ribofuranosyl)- 5-methyl-4- hydroxylamino-pyrrolo[2,3-djpyiimidine;
7-(2'-C-methyl-p-D-ribofuraaosyl)- 5-cyano-4~ hydroxylamino-pyrrolo[2,3-djpyrimidine;
'- djpyriimdrae,_5-carhoxyl amide;
i:d]pyriroidnie;
¦: ">:* fr-_-7r(21iGicae;tbyJ-P-33rJabG)futanosyl)-: ^feomo^4--.metfco^lamfflo^pyrrolo[2;i3-djpyrimidine;
;2i v^t:-f:^M;2Vg±methylr^D.-^ofui^ :d]pyrimidine;
'¦d]pyrimidine:
u ¦ ^=^^ ::d§pyrimidine:5,=carboxyl amide;
^djpyrimidine;
-pyraa3l6[3.4-d]pyriraidine;
L^u^-^^rQ^^thyl-p-B-J^ofa^a^syl^
Ldjpyrimidme;
H2':C-methyI-p-D-ribpfto^osyl).rjk^ :d]pyri23ndine-_3-carboxamide; ^L^^l^UOme^yl-grl^nbofeai^^ - pyi^olo[5-j4td3pyiimidine; ^ ^-T,;. d~(2KCr:methyl*p^^^
: pyrazolo[3,4rd|pyriinidiiie;
-=¦ -r r^l^'^G-metfhyl-p-D^bof^
"djp^Timidme:
' -¦¦- 114

l-(2s-C-meth.yl-J3-D-ribo&raaosyl) - 4- methoxylamiiio-pyrazolo[334-djpyiimidine- 3-carboxamide;
9-(2'-C-methyl-p-D-ribofiiranosyl)-6-(-S of R-)-hydroxylainuiopuriae;
9 7-(p-D-ribofuranosyl)^hydroxylamino-pyrrolo[2,3^]pyriraidine;
7-(2'-C-mefliyl-p-B-Tibofiumiosyl)^hydxoxylamino-5-e1^ynyl-pyrrolo[2,^ d]p3mnndine;
7-(2'-C«methyl-p-I)-ribofuranosyl)^hydroxylarnino-5-ethenyl-pyrrolo djpyiimidine;
7^2*-C-methyl-p-D-riboflnmiosyl)^hydroxylaiiiiiio-5-(l,3-oxazol-5-yl)-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine;
6-hydro^iamino-9-(2'-C-metiL3d-3^5-diphospMte-p-D-iiboiuranosyI)piii^
9-(2'-C-methyl~p-D-ribofiiranosyl)~ 6 -[2-aminocarbonyl-(pyrroEdine-l-yl)]-puriiie;
9 9-(2'-C-methyl-p-D-ribofuranosyl)-6-(pipeiidiii-l-yI)purine;
9-(2'-C-tiifluoromethyl-p-D-ribofin^nosyl)^[2-aniinocarbonyl^yrrolidm l-yl)]-pmine;
9-(2?-C-etiienyl-p-D-ribofeanosy3)-6-[2-ainiiiocarbonyl-(pyrrolidiae-l-yl)]~ purine;
9-(2'-C-e&ynyl-p-D-ribofiiranosyl)-6-[2^ purine;
9-(2'-C-methyl- p -D-ribo&ranosyl)- 6-(azetidin-l-yI)purine;.
9-(2'-C-metbyl- p -D-ribo&ranosyl)- 6-(pyrrolidin-l-yI)puriae;
9-(2'-C-methyl- p -D-ribofuranosyl)- 6-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-l-yl)puriiie; and
115

9-(2'-C-methyl- p -D-ribofuranosyl)- 6-(394-diliydro-lH-isoquinolin-2-yl)purine.
31. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically
acceptable diluent and a therapeuticaHv effective amount of a compound or
mixture of compounds as claimed in any of claims 1-30.
32. A pharmaceutical composition as claimed in claim 31 for treating
HCV in a mammal.
116
Disclosed are compounds, and compositions treating hepatitis C virus infections.

Documents:

00387-kolnp-2005 abstract.pdf

00387-kolnp-2005 assignment.pdf

00387-kolnp-2005 claims.pdf

00387-kolnp-2005 correspondence.pdf

00387-kolnp-2005 description(complete).pdf

00387-kolnp-2005 form-1.pdf

00387-kolnp-2005 form-18.pdf

00387-kolnp-2005 form-3.pdf

00387-kolnp-2005 form-5.pdf

00387-kolnp-2005 g.p.a.pdf

00387-kolnp-2005 letters patent.pdf

00387-kolnp-2005 reply f.e.r.pdf

387-KOLNP-2005-CORRESPONDENCE-1.1.pdf

387-KOLNP-2005-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf

387-KOLNP-2005-FORM 27.pdf

387-kolnp-2005-granted-abstract.pdf

387-kolnp-2005-granted-assignment.pdf

387-kolnp-2005-granted-claims.pdf

387-kolnp-2005-granted-correspondence.pdf

387-kolnp-2005-granted-description (complete).pdf

387-kolnp-2005-granted-form 1.pdf

387-kolnp-2005-granted-form 13.pdf

387-kolnp-2005-granted-form 18.pdf

387-kolnp-2005-granted-form 3.pdf

387-kolnp-2005-granted-form 5.pdf

387-kolnp-2005-granted-gpa.pdf

387-kolnp-2005-granted-letter patent.pdf

387-kolnp-2005-granted-reply to examination report.pdf

387-kolnp-2005-granted-specification.pdf

387-KOLNP-2005-PA.pdf


Patent Number 213425
Indian Patent Application Number 387/KOLNP/2005
PG Journal Number 01/2008
Publication Date 04-Jan-2008
Grant Date 02-Jan-2008
Date of Filing 10-Mar-2005
Name of Patentee GENELABS TECHNOLOGIES INC.
Applicant Address 505, PENOBSCOT DRIVE REDWOOD CITY CA 94063
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 ROBERTS CHRISTOPHER DON 1060 CONTINENTALS WAY DELMONT CA 94002,
2 DAYTKINA NATALLA B. 150 PACCHETTI WAY MOUNTAIN VIEW CA-94040 USA.
PCT International Classification Number 60B
PCT International Application Number PCT/US2003/031433
PCT International Filing date 2003-09-30
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 60/415,222 2002-09-30 U.S.A.