Title of Invention	SPRAYABLE SYNERGISTIC POLYHERBAL INSECTICIDAL COMPOSITIONS AND A METHOD FOR PREPARATION THEREOF
Abstract	This invention provides a broad spectrum non-synthetic liquid insecticidal composition and a process of preparation thereof. The insecticidal composition has the ability to prevent the growth and propagation of a variety of insects. The product of this invention can be put to use in agricultural as well as doemstic applications. The product of this invention is ecofriendly can be sprayed over any surface including water bodies.

Title of Invention

SPRAYABLE SYNERGISTIC POLYHERBAL INSECTICIDAL COMPOSITIONS AND A METHOD FOR PREPARATION THEREOF

Abstract

This invention provides a broad spectrum non-synthetic liquid insecticidal composition and a process of preparation thereof. The insecticidal composition has the ability to prevent the growth and propagation of a variety of insects. The product of this invention can be put to use in agricultural as well as doemstic applications. The product of this invention is ecofriendly can be sprayed over any surface including water bodies.

Full Text	FORM-2 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 of 1970) & THE PATENTS RULES 2003 Complete Specification (See section 10 and rule 13) SPRAYABLE SYNERGISTIC POLYHERBALINSECTICIDAL COMPOSITIONS AND A METHOD FOR PREPARATION THEREOF MRS. WANKHEDKAR MAHALAXMIKAMLAKAR an Indian National of C/8, Kadamgiri, Opp. Baroda Bank, Kandivali (E), Mumbai 400 101, Maharashtra, India; ORIGINAL 1375/MUM/2004 THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATION PARTICULARLY DESCRIBES THE INVENTION AND THE MANNER IN WHICH IT IS TO BE PERFORMED. FIELD OF INVENTION This invention relates to an insecticidal composition and a process of preparation thereof. This invention particularly relates to a non-synthetic liquid insecticidal composition. This invention further relates to a broad-spectrum insecticidal composition for agricultural, horticultural and domestic applications, which can be sprayed over water and other similar bodies to prevent formation and propagation of insects, particularly flying insects. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Insects are known to cause extensive damage to mankind, animals and plants. There are well over 1 million different known species of insects in the world and it is estimated that there might be as many as 10 million. Insects attack grains, vegetables and fruits in the fields as well as food that are stored in godowns and houses. Some species are known to eat houses made of wood, wooden furniture, carpets, and clothing. Many insects transmit viruses, fungi, and other disease causing pathogens to plants, animals and human beings. In case of agricultural crops, protecting the crop from insects and pathogens is a major concern so as to achieve higher yields. Crop protection translates to healthy and productive plants. 2. Insects damage plants in several ways. The most visible damage is chewed plant leaves and flowers. Many pests are visible and can be readily identified, including the Japanese beetle, Colorado potato beetle, and numerous species of caterpillars such as tent caterpillars and tomato hornworms. Other chewing insects, however, such as cutworms come out at night to eat, and burrow into the soil during the day. Sucking insects are extremely common and can be very damaging. These insects insert their mouthparts into the plant tissues and suck out the plant juices. They also may carry diseases that they spread from plant to plant as they move about. Other insects cause damage by boring into stems, fruits, and leaves. They may disrupt the plant"s ability to transport water. They also create opportunities for disease organisms to attack the plants. Common examples of boring insects include squash vine borers and corn borers. As far as human beings and animals are concerned, insects and other arthropods can cause injury and even death by their bites or stings. Many insects transmit bacteria and other disease causing pathogens. Insects such as mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting several diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue, and viral encephalitis and the like. Apart from causing extreme physical discomfort and mental agony they cause severe loss in terms of productive time, money and other resources. Insects such as mosquitoes breed in any stagnant body of water including, tree-holes, containers used to store water and larger bodies of water such as lakes and marshes. The stagnant bodies of water act as breeding grounds for the mosquitoes. 3 To protect human beings, traditionally several practices have been used to reduce insect aggravation such as smoky fires or spreading mud and dust over the body to repel biting and tickling insects. But these crude methods often result in skin irritations such as rashes and other symptoms such as burning, itching, allergy and the like To overcome these problems several chemical and other insecticides were developed which could offer protection from insects without coming in contact with the human body. These chemical insecticides are effective in killing the insects and containing their life cycles. The use of chemical insecticides for controlling the birth, reproduction of insects such as mosquitoes and others is very common and widely used. Chemical insecticides such as DDT (also known as dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane), DEET (also known as N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide), Aldrin and Endrin and the like are commonly used insecticides. But long and perpetual use of these insecticides is known to cause damage to the human body. Several chemical insecticides make use of allethrin, which apart from containing the insects can also harm the eyes, skin, the respiratory tract, and the nervous system of human beings. Long-term and persistent use of products containing allethrin could even cause brain cancer, blood cancer, and deformity of fetus. Chemical insecticides also have other disadvantages. They cause increased environmental pollution. The chemical insecticides used to control insect pests may also directly or indirectly harm other components of the ecosystem such as birds, animals, and other useful life forms. 4 In addition insects tend to be become immune to the effect of chemicals over a period of time. Vector resistance to insecticides is the most outstanding technical problem impeding the development of vector control programs. Many of the chemical insecticides and pesticides cause pest resurgence, which means there is a rapid reappearance of a pest population in injurious numbers, brought about after the application of a broad-spectrum insecticide/ pesticide. The insecticide/ pesticide kills the natural enemies of the targeted insects and pests which otherwise keep a check on the insect-pests. Because of these drawbacks herbal insecticidal alternatives are becoming increasingly popular and in demand. The herbal preparations have the advantage of providing protection from insects without causing damage to the environment and human beings. They also do not cause pest resurgence or resistance. They also do not cause mutations in the insect species which at times give rise to newer more dangerous variations of the existing insect pests. The use of herbs for protection against insects and in the treatment of insect bites is an age-old concept. The use of herb-based insecticides is well known and has been discussed in depth in ancient Indian scriptures of Ayurveda such as Charak Samhita and Susruta Samhita etc. These herbal insecticidal compositions can be formulated in various ways and released / used in ways such as sprays, baits, slow-release diffusion, coils etc. PRIOR ART Several herb based insecticidal compositions have also been disclosed in prior art: 5 US Patent No. 5,372,817 (no Indian equivalent application available) discloses an insecticidal composition derived from neem oil and neem wax fractions. The insecticidal composition is obtained using a non-polar, hydrophobic solvent. Neem seed extracts, which are substantially free of azadirachtin, are obtained by concentrating the hydrophobic solvent extract and cooling the resulting neem oil to separate a semi-solid neem wax fraction and a clarified neem oil fraction. US Patent No. 5,405,612 (no Indian equivalent application available) discloses an insecticide derived from a neem seed extract comprising neem oil, which is substantially free of azadirachtin. The said neem oil being prepared by extracting dried, coarsely ground neem seeds with a non-polar, hydrophobic solvent. CN1104852A (no Indian equivalent application available) describes an insect preventive composition, composed of 6 traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. The constituents are-lemongrass 10-15%, Eugenia caryophyllata 10-15%, L. foenumgraecum 40-50%, pine needle 5-10%, flue-cured tobacco 5-10% and perpermint 5-10%. The above-mentioned medicinal herbs are ground into a powder. To the powder mixture the solution of carboxy methyl cellulose is sprayed uniformly and stirred thoroughly. The invention is safe, non¬toxic, does not contaminate clothing and other articles of daily use and environment. The insecticide has a wide range of applications, and is capable of effectively preventing moth or any other insect that eat books, clothes etc. and mildew. Indian Patent IN0187100 reveals a process for the preparation of insecticidal formulation of neem seed kernel extract. All the above inventions described in the prior art either describe the use of an individual herbal ingredient or a mixture of ingredients, which have only specific applications. These herbal insecticides have limited application and cannot be effectively sprayed on water. The need was felt for long acting potent, long acting insecticidal composition that had broad-spectrum activity against most insects. 6 The need was felt similarly for an insecticidal composition which was safe on human beings and animals in a sense that it does not cause any side effects and does not accumulate in the human system. The need was also felt for an insecticidal composition, which was cheap and easy to prepare, and which could advantageously be sprayed over water too. OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION An object of this invention is to provide a broad spectrum, potent insecticidal composition. Another object of this invention is to long acting insecticidal composition. Another object of this invention is to provide an insecticidal composition, which is safe for human beings and animals. Another object of this invention is to provide a safe insecticidal composition, which does not cause allergy, irritation or other side effects to human beings. Another object of this invention is to provide an insecticidal composition, which does not accumulate in the human system. Another object of this invention is to provide an insecticidal composition, which does not cause mutations in the insect species. Another object of this invention is to provide an insecticidal composition, which does not cause resurgence of the targeted insect species. Another object of this invention is to provide an insecticidal composition, which is easy to 7 Another object of this invention is to provide an insecticidal composition, which is inexpensive. Another object of this invention is to provide an insecticidal composition with easily available raw materials. Another object of this invention is to provide an insecticidal composition wherein less equipment is needed for its manufacture. Another object of this invention is to provide an insecticidal composition, which has long shelf life. Another object of this invention is to provide a sprayable insecticidal composition. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention describes a sprayable synergistic liquid insecticidal composition containing an intimate mixture comprising; the juice from the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus 5 to 40% of the liquid composition, the juice from the leaves of Azadirachta indica 5 to 50% of the liquid composition, the juice from the leaves of Vitex Negundo 5 to 40% of the liquid composition, the juice from the leaves of Ocimum Sanctum 5 to 40% of the liquid composition, and the juice from the fruits of Hydnocarpus lauhfolia 5 to 30% of the liquid composition. The aforesaid juices are blended together in a homogenous mixture to obtain a liquid composition, which can be sprayed over any surface, including water. The composition is useful in preventing the growth and propagation of a variety of insects. It is harmful to insects particularly their eggs and larva and destroys them on contact. 8 The product of this invention can be put to use in agricultural as well as domestic applications. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION: The botanical references of the herbs used in the present invention are as follows: 1) Botanical name : Eucalyptus Sp (Eucalyptus globulus) Sanskrit name : Tailapatra, Tailaparna, Sugandhapatra Popular English name : The Australian Fever Tree Habitat : A native of Australia, now being cultivated on the highlands of India, chiefly on the Nilgiris. Parts used : Dried leaves, gum (Eucalyptus Kino), exudation from the stem, and oil distilled from the fresh leaves. Constituents : Leaves contain volatile oil 6%, tannin, a alcohol, a crystallizable fatty acid and a resin. Preparations/Uses : Antimalarial properties, Antiseptic. 2) Botanical name : Azadirachta indica/ Melia azadlrachta Sanskrit name : Ravipriya; Vembaka; Vranshodhkari, Nimba. Popular English name : Neem Habitat : Indigenous to and cultivated nearly all over India and in Burma. Parts used : Leaves, Root-bark, fruit or berry, seeds, flowers, oil and gum. Constituents : Leaves contain a small quantity of a bitter alkaloid. Preparations/Uses :Leaves are bitter, astringent, acrid, antiseptic, anthelmintic. 9 3) Botanical name : Vitex Negundo Sanskrit name : Sephalika, Sindhuvaram, Nirgundi. Popular English name :Five-leaved Chaste Tree. Habitat :Bengal, Southern India and Burma. Parts used :Root, fruit, flowers, leaves and bark. Constituents :Leaves contain a colorless essential oil. Preparations/Uses :Leaves are externally anti- parasitic. Leaves are very efficacious in dispelling inflammatory swellings of the joints from acute rheumatism, leech bites etc. 4) Botanical name : Ocimum Sanctum Sanskrit name : Vishnupriya; Tulasi. Popular english name : Holy Basil, Tulsi Habitat : This small herb is found through out Indian and cultivated near houses and temples. Parts used :Leaves, Seeds and roots. Constituents : Leaves contain a yellowish green essential oil. Seeds contain large amount of mucilage. Preparations/Uses : Leaves are fragrant and aromatic. Juice of the plant is anthelminthic. Leaves are used for flavoring. 5) Botanical name : Hydnocarpus laurifolia Sanskrit name : Tuvrak Popular english name : Kava, Chalmogra Habitat :Southern India, western Indian mountains, Southern Konkan, Kerala and Srilanka. Parts used : Seed, oil 10 Preparations/Uses : Preparations of hydnocarpus are used in the treatment of various skin diseases such as psoriasis and the treatment of leprosy. METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE INSECTICIDAL COMPOSITION: The following steps are followed diligently while preparing the insecticidal composition. 1 .The herbal ingredients are plucked carefully taking the help of a botanist experienced in identifying and handling the herbs required for the insecticidal composition. 2. Care is taken that the leaves and fruits are healthy, fresh, and intact without any infection or external damage. 3. The leaves and fruits after washing the adhering dust and other particles are handled with clean plastic or latex gloves. A method of manufacturing a sprayable liquid insecticidal composition comprising; 1 .Individually extracting the juice from healthy, infection free leaves of the following herbs just subsequent to plucking: Eucalyptus globulus Azadirachta indica Vitex Negundo Ocimum Sanctum 2.Extracting the juice from healthy, infection free fruit of the following herb just subsequent to plucking: Hydnocarpus laurifolia; 3. Intimately mixing the juice of the leaves of the herbs as mentioned in 11 step-1 with the juice of the fruit as obtained in step -2 in the following proportion: Eucalyptus globulus - leaf juice 5-40 percent Azadirachta indica - leaf juice 5-50 percent Vitex Negundo - leaf juice 5-40 percent Ocimum Sanctum - leaf juice 5-40 percent. and Hydnocarpus laurifolia -fruit juice 5-30 percent. According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of preparing the juice of the herbal ingredients. The steps involved in preparation of the insecticidal composition comprise the steps : i) Cleaning the leaves of the following herbs with fresh demineralized (DM) water to remove dirt and other unwanted adhering particles; Eucalyptus globulus Azadirachta indica Vitex Negundo Ocimum Sanctum ii) drying the leaves of step-(i) in shade, for a period just sufficient to remove the surface moisture, periodically shuffling the leaves to ensure even drying; iii) cleaning the fruits of Hydnocarpus laurifolia with fresh, clean demineralized (DM) water to remove dirt and other adhering particles; iv) drying the fruits of step -(iii) in shade, for a period just sufficient to remove the surface moisture, periodically shuffling the leaves to ensure even drying; v) grinding each of the cleaned leaves of step- (ii) individually to a fine paste in several batches of 2 kilograms each depending on requirement using a mortar and pestle adding just enough water as may be required to obtain a fine paste like consistency; 12 Optionally the grinding may be carried out in a mixer/grinder adding just enough water as may be required to obtain a fine paste like consistency. (The volume of the leaves to be ground depends on the final volume of the insecticidal composition required.); vi) filtering the fine paste of each of the leaves of the herbs as mentioned in step (i) individually as soon as possible through a fine sieve (preferably a previously cleaned and dried muslin cloth or plastic seive) and collecting the juice obtained in individual containers while taking care that the filtrate does not contain particles of the leaves; vii) grinding the cleaned, fruit of step-(iii) to a fine paste as described for the leaves ; viii) simultaneously filtering the fine paste of the fruit obtained in step-(vii) in a manner similar to that described for the leaves in step -(vi) and collecting the juice so obtained in another container; ix) intimately mixing the juice of the leaves as obtained in step -(vi) and the juice of the fruit as obtained in step-(viii) using a clean wooden or stainless steel spatula long enough to blend the juices preferably immediately or as soon as possible in aforementioned proportions to obtain the insecticidal compositions (in case the juices cannot be mixed immediately then they are each filled to the brim in different amber colored containers, preferably glass and sealed in an air tight fashion in a cool dry place till further processing can be done. x) filling the juices obtained as described in step-(ix) up to the brim of amber colored containers preferably glass bottles, allowing the insecticidal composition to overflow and sealing with air tight caps /lids.(This is to ensure that there is no air in the bottle and the process of oxidative degradation is minimized). xi) storing the sealed containers of the insecticidal composition of step-(x) in a cool shady place away from direct sunlight till it needs to be used. 13 THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS: One preferred embodiments for preparing 100 liters of the sprayable insecticide is: Eucalyptus globulus - leaf juice 20 liters Azadirachta indica - leaf juice 30 liters Vitex Negundo - leaf juice 20 liters Ocimum Sanctum - leaf juice 20 liters And Hydnocarpus laurifolia -fruit juice 10 liters. The insecticidal preparation described can be used to get rid of a variety of insects. The insects could be any from a group of insects such as -Adelgids, Ants, Aphids, Armored scale, Alfalfa Weevil, Apple Maggot, Armyworm, Artichoke Plume Moth, Asparagus, Beetle, Beetle larvae, Beet Armyworm, Beet Leafhopper, Black Cutworm, Blackberry Leafhopper, Blue Alfalfa Aphid, Cankerworms, Cabbage Aphid, Cabbage butterfly, Cabbage Looper, Cabbage Maggot,California Red Scale, Calocoris norvegicus, Carrot Weevil( L. oregonensis), Carrot Weevil (L. texanus), Celery Looper, Cereal Leaf Beetle, Citricola Scale, Citrus Thrips. Citrus Thrips Damage, Citrus Red Mite, Codling Moth, Corn Earworm, Corn Leaf Aphid, Cotton Aphid, Cotton Bollworm, Crucifer Flea Beetle, Cuban Laurel Thrips, Diamond back Moth, Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil, Elm Leaf Beetle, English Grain Aphid, European Elm Scale, European Red Mite, Fruittree Leafroller, Fungus gnats, Fuller Rose Beetle, Green Peach Aphid, Greenhouse Whitefly, Gypsy Moth, Hope Vine Borer, Imported Cabbageworm, Indian Meal Moth, Lilac Borer, Lygus Bug, Meadow Spittlebug, Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Melon Fly, Mexican Bean Beetle, Nantucket Pine Tip Moth, Navel Orange work, Northern Corn Rootworm, Obscure Scale, Olive Scale, 14 Omnivorous Leafroller, Onion Maggot, Onion Thrips, Orange Tortrix, Oriental Fruit Fly, Oriental Fruit Moth, Pacific Spider Mite, Pea Aphid, Peach Twig Borer, Peachtree Borer.Pear Psylla, Pear Rust Mite, Pink Bollworm, Plum Fruit Moth, Potato Leafhopper, Potato Tuberworm, Russian Wheat Aphid, San Jose Scale, Seedcorn Maggot, Serpentine Fruit Fly, Sod Webworm, Spodoptera Litura, Spotted Tentiform Leafminer, Spruce Budworm, Squash Bug, Strawberry Spider Mite, Sunflower Beetle, Sunflower Moth, Sunflower Stem Weevil, Sweet Potato Whitefly, Tobacco Budworm, Tomato Pinworm, Twospotted Spider Mite, Variegated Cutworm, Vegetable Leafminer (L. sativae), Vegetable Leafminer(L. trifolii) Western Cherry Fruit Fly, Western Grape Leafhopper,Western Grapeleaf Skeletonizer, Western Pine Shoot Borer,Mosquitoes, Chiggers, Gnats, Fleas, Lace bugs, Leafhoppers, Mealybugs, Mites, Phylloxera, Plant bugs, Psyllids, Scale insects, Spider mites, Thrips, Sawfly larvae, Spittle bugs, Webworms, Whiteflies, Caterpillars(including gypsy moth caterpillars), Tent caterpillars, Leafrollers, Diamondback moth larvae and the like. EXAMPLES: EXAMPLE-1: Healthy, fresh, intact, clean leaves of Eucalyptus globulus Azadirachta indica Vitex Negundo Ocimum Sanctum and healthy, fresh, intact, clean fruits of Hydnocarpus laurifolia were diligently cleaned with fresh demineralized water to remove adhering dirt particles and other impurities. Following this each of the herbal ingredients were separately dried in shade for just enough time to remove water adhering to the surface of the leaves and fruits, periodically shuffling the leaves and fruits to ensure even drying. 15 Following this, the leaves and the fruits of the present insecticidal composition were individually ground to a fine paste using a mortar and pestle using just enough water to obtain a paste like consistency and filtered through a fresh clean moist muslin cloth to obtain the juice, which were collected in separate containers. Subsequently the fresh juices of all the five herbal ingredients were intimately mixed using a wooden spatula in the following proportion to prepare 1000 ml of a final sprayable insecticidal composition: Eucalyptus globulus - leaf juice 50ml Azadirachta indica - leaf juice 500ml Vitex Negundo - leaf juice 250ml Ocimum Sanctum - leaf juice 100ml. and Hydnocarpus laurifolia -fruit juice 100ml This was followed by filling the juices obtained as described above up to the brim of bottles amber colored glass bottles of 200 ml capacity each allowing the insecticidal composition to overflow and sealing with air tight plastic screw caps. This was to ensure that there was no air in the bottle and the process of oxidative degradation was minimized. The insecticide so prepared was tested against fleas in a flea infested garbage bin and was found to be very effective. Stability testing: Three months: The insecticide so prepared was tested for stability by storing the tightly capped containers in a cool dry, shady place for a period of three months from the date of preparation and was tested subsequently on the same flea infested garbage bin where the initial testing was done. It was found to be as effective as the fresh preparation without any deterioration or loss of potency. 16 Six months: The insecticide so prepared was tested for stability by storing the tightly capped containers in a cool dry, shady place for a period of nine months from the date of preparation and was tested subsequently on the same flea infested garbage bin where both the previous testing were carried out. It was found to be as effective as the fresh preparation without any deterioration or loss of potency. Safety testing: 1) The fresh insecticidal preparation was applied on a 1cm * 1cm patch on the back of two caged healthy disease free white mice, once a day for one week. Neither of the mice developed any allergic skin or other reaction at the end of the one-week trial period. 2) Following the trial above a similar test was done on the inner fore arm of healthy, disease free volunteers (one male and one female) by applying the preparation on a 1cm * lcm patch once a day for one week. Again the preparation did not trigger any allergic skin or other reaction at the end of the one-week trial period. EXAMPLE-2: The juice from the leaves and the fruits of the same herbs described in example-1 were extracted in the same manner as described in the same example. But since the juices could not be mixed immediately they were each filled to the brim in different amber colored plastic containers, sealed after allowing the composition to slightly overflow and sealed in an air tight fashion. The compositions were then stored in a cool dry place for twenty-four hours following which they were processed as described below. The juices of the leaves of the four herbs and the fruit were intimately mixed with a stainless steel spatula in the following proportion to prepare 1000ml of a final sprayable insecticidal composition: 17 Eucalyptus globulus - leaf juice 100ml Azadirachta indica - leaf juice 500ml Vitex Negundo - leaf juice 200ml Ocimum Sanctum - leaf juice 150ml. and Hydnocarpus laurifolia -fruit juice 50ml This was followed by filling the juices obtained as described above up to the brim of amber colored glass bottles of 250 ml capacity each allowing the insecticidal composition to overflow and sealing with air tight plastic screw caps. This was to ensure that there was no air in the bottle and the process of oxidative degradation was minimized. Stability testing: The effective shelf life of the insecticidal preparation was tested against cockroaches, as described in the above example after periods of six and nine months. The preparation was found to be as effective as the fresh preparation even after nine months of storage. Safety testing: The safety of the insecticidal preparation was checked in a manner similar to what was described in example-1 and there were no allergic reactions even after one week of application of the composition. EXAMPLE-3: The juice from the leaves and the fruits of the same herbs described in example-1 were extracted in the same manner as described in the same example the only difference being that a domestic mixer was used for grinding the herbs and a plastic sieve was used for filtering them. The fresh juices of the leaves of the four herbs and the fruit were intimately mixed with a wooden spatula in the following proportion to prepare 2000ml of a final sprayable insecticidal composition: 18 Eucalyptus globulus - leaf juice 200ml Azadirachta indica - leaf juice 300ml Vitex Negundo - leaf juice 200ml Ocimum Sanctum • leaf juice 800ml. and Hydnocarpus laurifolia -fruit juice 500ml This was followed by filling the juices obtained as described above up to the brim of amber colored plastic bottles of 500 ml capacity each, allowing the insecticidal composition to overflow and sealing with air tight plastic screw caps. This was to ensure that there was no air in the bottle and the process of oxidative degradation was minimized. Stability testing: The effective shelf life of the insecticidal preparation was tested against houseflies, as described in the above example-1 after periods of six and nine months. The preparation was found to be as effective as the fresh preparation even after nine months of storage. Safety testing: The safety of the insecticidal preparation was checked in a manner similar to what was described in example-1 and there were no allergic reactions even after one week of application of the composition. EXAMPLE-4: The juice from the leaves and the fruits of the same herbs described in example-1 were extracted in the same manner as described in the same example the only difference being that a domestic mixer was used for grinding the herbs. The fresh juices of the leaves of the four herbs and the fruit were intimately mixed with a wooden spatula in the following proportion to ptepate 2GG0 ml of a final sprayable insecticidal composition: 19 Eucalyptus globulus - leaf juice 500 ml Azadirachta indica - leaf juice 400 ml Vitex Negundo - leaf juice 100 ml Ocimum Sanctum - leaf juice 400 ml. and Hydnocarpus laurifolia -fruit juice 600ml Stability testing: The effective shelf life of the insecticidal preparation was tested against cockroaches as described in example-1 after periods of six and nine months of storing the insecticidal composition away from sunlight in a cool dry place. The preparation was found to be as effective as the fresh preparation even after nine months of storage. Safety testing: The safety of the insecticidal preparation was checked in a manner similar to what was described in example-1 and there were no allergic reactions even after one week of application of the composition. EXAMPLE-5: The juice from the leaves and the fruits of the same herbs described in example-1 were extracted in the same manner as described in the same example the only difference being that a domestic mixer was used for grinding the herbs. The fresh juices of the leaves of the four herbs and the fruit were intimately mixed with a wooden spatula in the following proportion to prepare 1000 ml of a final sprayable insecticidal composition: Eucalyptus globulus - leaf juice 400ml Azadirachta indica - leaf juice 100ml Vitex Negundo - leaf juice 100ml Ocimum Sanctum - leaf juice 250ml. and Hydnocarpus laurifolia -fruit juice 150ml 20 Stability testing: The effective shelf life of the insecticidal preparation was tested against mosquitoes as described in example-1 after a period of six and nine months of storing the insecticidal composition away from sunlight in a cool dry place. The preparation was found to be as effective as the fresh preparation even after nine months of storage. Safety testing: The safety of the insecticidal preparation was checked in a manner similar to what was described in example-1 and there were no allergic reactions even after one week of application of the composition. TRIALS: DOMESTIC APPLICATIONS POINTS, WHICH WERE CONSIDERED BEFORE THE START OF THE TRIALS: 1) Appropriate time for the use of insecticides This was decided based on the time of maximum activity and movement observed in the insect pests. 2) Wherever synthetic pyrethroids were used, care was taken to protect the skin during and after the spray cycles. 1. TARGETED INSECT: FLEA SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min) COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1 21 STUDY METHODOLOGY: A garbage bin measuring 1 square meter was selected at a distance of 5 meters of a fruit market. The wastes in the bin were mostly over ripe and decaying fruits. A hand held spray gun was used, with fixed type hollow nozzle. The polyherbal insecticidal composition prepared as described in example-1 was sprayed for a period of 5 minutes to cover the entire surface area of the garbage bin. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: The polyherbal composition prepared as described in example- 1 showed no presence of any fleas even after 1 hour. Also the composition was able to control the adult and larval forms for 1 week after only one cycle of spraying. 2. TARGETED INSECT: HOUSE FLIES SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min) COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-3 STUDY METHODOLOGY: A village near Pune comprising 100 mud houses was chosen for the study. A cold aerosol generator was used for spraying. The knockdown and mortality rate of caged houseflies was used to evaluate the efficiency of the insecticide. A cylindrical screened sentinel cage (26 cm long * 18 cm diameter) was filled with houseflies. The cage was hung inside a well-ventilated space in a house. In addition an open bottle (previously filled with water and stored as such for two months), measuring (6 cm high * 7 cm diameter) containing the houseflies eggs were placed on the inside wall inside of one of the houses. The spraying was once a week for three consecutive weeks. 22 Each week following the spraying of insecticide, the number of eggs in the bottle were counted and removed. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: The polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-3 was effective in controlling the adult and eggs completely after spraying for one day on 3 consecutive weeks with no environmental pollution. 3. TARGETED INSECT: MOSQUITOES SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min) COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1 STUDY METHODOLOGY: A crowded housing colony in Mumbai comprising a sector with 400 houses was chosen for the study. The polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-3 was used as an insecticide to kill and control the mosquito population. A cold aerosol generator was used for spraying. The knockdown and mortality rate of caged mosquitoes was used to evaluate the efficiency of the insecticide. A cylindrical screened sentinel cage (26 cm long * 18 cm diameter) was filled with mosquitoes. The cage was hung inside a well-ventilated room two meters above the ground. In addition an open bottle (previously filled with water and stored as such for two months) measuring (6 cm high * 7 cm diameter) containing the mosquitoes larvae were placed on the wall inside one house in the same housing sector. Each week following the spraying of the insecticide the number of larvae in the bottle container were counted and removed. The insecticide was sprayed once a week for three consecutive weeks. 23 RESULT AND ANALYSIS: The polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1 was effective in controlling the adults in the cage and the larval forms in the bottle at the ends of three weeks. Also the insecticidal composition of the present invention caused no environmental pollution. 4. TARGETED INSECT: FEMALE ANOPHELES MOSQUITOES SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min) COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1 STUDY METHODOLOGY: A crowded housing colony in Ahmedabad which had just recorded four cases of malaria and comprising a sector with 300 houses was chosen for the study. The polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-4 was used as an insecticide to kill and control the female anopheles mosquito population. A cold aerosol generator was used for spraying. The knockdown and mortality rate of caged mosquitoes was used to evaluate the efficiency of the insecticide. A cylindrical screened sentinel cages (26 cm long * 18 cm diameter) was filled with female anopheles mosquitoes. The cage was hung inside a well-ventilated room of one of the houses in the sector, two meters above the ground. In addition an open bottle (previously filled with water and stored as such for two months) measuring (6 cm high * 7 cm diameter) containing the larvae of the female anopheles mosquito was placed on the wall inside one house in the same housing sector. Each week following the spraying of the insecticide the number of larvae in the bottle container was counted and removed. The insecticide was sprayed once a week for three consecutive weeks. 24 RESULT AND ANALYSIS: At the end of one month, the polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1 was effective in controlling the adult and larval forms. Also the insecticidal composition of the present invention caused no environmental pollution. 5. TARGETED INSECT: MOSQUITOES SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min) COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-5. STUDY METHODOLOGY: An open drain with a width of one meter and measuring to a length of 500 meters was selected for the study. The selected patch was sprayed with the composition of the present invention. The population of the insect vectors in each patch was about 500 per square meter. The time chosen to spray the insecticidal compositions was dusk (As this is the time the mosquitoes were found to be most active) The insecticide was sprayed 5 times with a gap of 15 days between two consecutive spray cycles. A fogging unit was used to apply the insecticides using ULV (ultra low volume) spray units to dispense very fine aerosol droplets (fog) that kill mosquitoes on contact. The aerosol fog primarily targets flying mosquitoes, which is why the timing of the spray was critical. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: During the fogging, flying mosquitoes within the treated area were killed. Although the local mosquito population was reduced for a few days, fogging did not prevent mosquitoes from re-entering the area. The insecticide of the present invention was able to control the mosquito population for two months after 5 cycles of spraying. However the composition was not effective after that. 25 6. TARGETED INSECT: COCKROACHES SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min) COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-4 STUDY METHODOLOGY: A wire meshed cage measuring one square meter and with a height of 50 cm, was placed in a dark room. The wire-meshed cage was such that no cockroaches could enter or leave the cages. The cage contained both the adults and the nymphs. The cage was sprayed with the polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1 for 5 minutes covering the entire area. RESULT AND ANALYSIS After a period of two hours it was observed that all the cockroaches sprayed with the polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-4, were dead. 7. TARGETED INSECT: COCKROACHES SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min) COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-4 with certain modifications, the quantity of Eucalypyus globus- leaf juice was 10 ml and the quantity of Azadirachta indica- leaf juice was 540 ml in the 1000ml composition, with the quantity of the other ingredients being constant. STUDY METHODOLOGY: A wire meshed cage measuring one square meter and with a height of 50 cm, was placed in a dark room. The wire-meshed cage was such that no cockroaches could enter or leave the cages. The cage contained both the adults and the nymphs. 26 RESULT AND ANALYSIS: The cage was sprayed with the polyherbal composition prepared as described above for 5 minutes covering the entire area. But there was no effect of the insecticidal composition even after two rounds of spraying with a gap of three days. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION WITH OTHER INSECTICIDES USED IN THE MARKET 8. TARGETED INSECT: FLEA INSECTICIDE TESTED AGAINST: DDT SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min) COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1 STUDY METHODOLOGY: Two garbage bins measuring 1 square meter each were selected at a distance of 50 meters each. Both the garbage bins were beside a fruit market. The wastes in the bins were mostly over- ripe and decaying fruits. A hand held spray gun was used, with fixed type hollow nozzle. Both the insecticidal compositions i.e. DDT and the polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1, were each sprayed on one of the bins, for a period of 5 minutes to cover the entire surface area of the garbage bins. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: With the use of DDT and the polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1, after a period of 1 hr neither of the bins showed the presence of any fleas. However the effect lasted only for one week with the DDT spray but lasted for 15 days with the polyherbal composition of this invention. 9. TARGETED INSECT: HOUSE FLIES INSECTICIDE TESTED AGAINST: Fenitrothion SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min) 27 COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-2 STUDY METHODOLOGY: A village near Pune comprising of two sectors with 100 houses each were chosen for the study. Fenitrothion 25g/l was diluted in diesel. A cold aerosol generator was used for spraying. The knockdown and mortality rate of caged houseflies was used to evaluate the efficiency of the two insecticides. Cylindrical screened sentinel cages (26 cm long * 18 cm diameter) were filled with houseflies. The cages were hung inside a well-ventilated room in one of the houses in each of the sectors. The cages were placed at a height of two meters above the ground inside the houses. In addition, open bottles (previously filled with water and stored as such for two months) measuring (6 cm high * 7 cm diameter) each containing the flies eggs were placed on the wall inside one house in each of the two sectors. One of the sectors was sprayed with fenitrothion while the other was sprayed with the insecticidal composition of the present invention. Each week following the spraying of insecticides the number of eggs in the bottle were counted and removed. The insecticides were sprayed once a week only. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: The fenitrothion was effective in controlling the adult and eggs after 4 weeks of spraying, but the composition of the present invention showed the same effect in two weeks. Also the insecticidal composition of the present invention caused no environmental pollution, including the obnoxious smell that was found with fenitrothion. 28 10. TARGETED INSECT: MOSQUITOES INSECTICIDE TESTED AGAINST: Pyrethroid-Cypermethrin 25g/l, SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min) COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-3 STUDY METHODOLOGY: A crowded housing estate in Mumbai comprising two sectors with 400 houses each was chosen for the study. A pyrethroid namely Cypermethrin 25g/l was diluted in diesel. A cold aerosol generator was used for spraying. The knockdown and mortality rate of caged mosquitoes were used to evaluate the efficiency of the two insecticides. Cylindrical screened sentinel cages (26 cm long * 18 cm diameter) were filled with mosquitoes. The cages were hung inside a well-ventilated room in a house in each of the two sectors .The cages were hung at a height of two meters above the ground. In addition open bottles (previously filled with water and stored as such for two months) measuring (6 cm high * 7 cm diameter) each containing the mosquitoes larvae were placed on the wall inside one house in each of the two sectors. While one sector was sprayed with Cypermethrin, the other sector was sprayed with the insecticidal composition of the present invention. Both the insecticides were sprayed once a week only for a period of 30 minutes, covering the entire area. Each week following the spraying of insecticides the number of larvae in the bottle containers were counted and removed. 29 RESULT AND ANALYSIS: The pyrethroid- Cypermethrin was effective in controlling the adult and larval forms, but the composition of the present invention showed the same effect in two sprays as against three sprays as required for Cypermethrin. Also the insecticidal composition of the present invention caused no environmental pollution. 11. TARGETED INSECT: FEMALE ANOPHELES MOSQUITOS INSECTICIDE TESTED AGAINST: Pyrethroid- Cyfluthrin 15g/l SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min) COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-4 STUDY METHODOLOGY: A crowded housing estate in Mumbai comprising of two sectors with 400 houses each were chosen for the study. A pyrethroid namely Cyfluthrin 15g/l was diluted in diesel. A cold aerosol generator was used for spraying. The knockdown and mortality rate of caged female anopheles mosquitoes were used to evaluate the efficiency of the two insecticides. Cylindrical screened sentinel cages (26 cm long * 18 cm diameter) were filled with female anopheles mosquitoes. The cages were hung inside a well-ventilated room in a house of each of the sectors at a distance of two meters above the ground. In addition open bottles (previously filled with water and stored as such for two months) measuring (6 cm high * 7 cm diameter) each containing the mosquitoes larvae were placed on the wall inside one house of each of the two sectors. One of the sectors was sprayed with Cyfluthrin while the other was sprayed with the insecticidal composition of the present invention. Both the insecticides were sprayed once in 10 days for a period of 30 minutes, covering the entire area. After each round of spraying, on the next day following the spraying of insecticides the number of larvae in the bottle containers were counted and removed. 30 RESULT AND ANALYSIS: The pyrethroid- Cyfluthrin was effective in controlling the adult and larval forms, but the composition of the present invention had a mosquito inhibiting effect in 45 days as against 25 days required for Cyfluthrin. Also the insecticidal composition of the present invention caused no environmental pollution. 12. TARGETED INSECT: MOSQUITOES INSECTICIDE TESTED AGAINST: DDT SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min) COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-5 STUDY METHODOLOGY: Two open drains, with a width of one meter and measuring to a length of 500 meters were selected for the study. Both the drains were at a distance of 500 meters within each other. The distance being selected in such a manner so that the first test patch sprayed with the chemical DDT does not interfere with the results obtained in the second patch, which was sprayed with the composition of the present invention. The populations of the insect vectors in each patch were about 500 per square meter. The time chosen to spray the insecticidal compositions was dusk (as this is the time the mosquitoes were found to be most active) One drain was sprayed with DDT while the other was sprayed with the insecticidal composition of the present invention. Each insecticide was sprayed 5 times with a gap of 15 days between two consecutive spray cycles. Fogging units were used to apply the insecticides using ULV (ultra low volume) spray units to dispense very fine aerosol droplets (fog) that stay aloft and kill mosquitoes on contact. The aerosol fog primarily targets flying mosquitoes, which is why the timing of the spray was critical. 31 The amount of insecticide sprayed was about 3 to 5 ounces for each area under test. During fogging, flying mosquitoes within the treated area were killed. Although the local mosquito population is reduced for a few days, fogging does not prevent mosquitoes from re-entering the area. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: While DDT was able to control the mosquito population up to 30 days after the three cycles, the insecticide of the present invention was able to control the mosquito population for two months. However neither was effective after that. 13. TARGETED INSECT: Cockroaches (Blata orientalis) INSECTICIDE TESTED AGAINST: Commercially available insecticide. (Composed of imiprothrin (0.07%) and cypermethrin(0.20%) COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1 STUDY METHODOLOGY: Two wire meshed cages measuring one square meter each with a height of 50 cm, were placed at a distance of 1 kilometer of each other in dark rooms. The wire meshed cages were such that no cockroaches could enter or leave the cages. Both the cages contained the adult and the nymphs. One cage was sprayed with the commercially available insecticide-called while the other with the polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1. Both the cages were sprayed for 5 minutes covering the entire area. RESULT AND ANALYSIS After a period of two hours it was observed that only 80% of the cockroaches sprayed with "Commercially available insecticide" 32 were completely killed, while in the cage sprayed with the polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1, all the cockroaches were dead. AGRICULTUTAL APPLICATIONS POINTS, WHICH WERE CONSIDERED BEFORE THE START OF THE TRIALS: 1. Appropriate time for the use of insecticides: This was decided based on the population of insect pests . 2. The insects selected for a particular study were more prevalent than the other types of insect pests. 3. Synthetic pyrethroids which were used to evaluate the efficiency of the insecticidal preparation of the present study are a class of chemicals that have been introduced over the past two decades for a variety of insecticidal uses including both agricultural and domestic applications. The various synthetic pyrethroid sprays which were used in this study were prepared by : a. Preparing an emulsion with water. b. 1.0% concentrations were prepared (e.g. 40 ml of the pyrethroid was emulsified with 4 liters of water to obtain 1.0% concentration). The quantities were proportionately scaled up depending on the requirement. 4. Spraying of the insecticide was done at a rate of 10 liter/100 Sq meters unless other wise mentioned 1. TARGETED INSECT: COTTON BALL WORMS (Larva concentration at the beginning of the trial = 38,000-43,000 per acre CROP SELECTED FOR THE STUDY: COTTON INTRODUCTION: 33 Cotton is assailed by a multitude of pests as it evolved through various production levels. In India, however, 130 insect species have been listed on cotton. Of these, cotton leafhopper, whitefly and bollworms are ubiquitous and pose a serious threat in arresting cotton production in India. COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1 SPRAY RATE: 10 liters per acre TESTED ON: Fully grown plants STUDY METHODOLOGY: A fenced isolated field of cotton crop measuring one acre and infested with cotton ball worms was selected for the study. The time selected for spraying was 5.00 pm. The entire area of the field was sprayed with the insecticidal composition such that a fine mist of the spray enveloped the entire field. The next morning the infestation was closely observed and results noted. The spray cycle was repeated after one week for three consecutive weeks. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: At the end of three-week cycle the cotton ball worm was reduced to 75%. 2) TARGETED INSECT: WHITEFLIES CROP SELECTED FOR THE STUDY: COTTON INSECTICIDE TESTED AGAINST: Synthetic Pyrethroid- deltamethrin (1.0% concentrations were used) TESTED ON: Fully grown plants COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-2 STUDY METHODOLOGY: Two fenced isolated field of cotton crops measuring acre each and infested with cotton ball worms were selected for the study. The time selected for spraying was 6.00 pm. The entire area of both the field were sprayed with the insecticidal 34 compositions i.e. one field was sprayed with deltamethrin while the other was sprayed with the iiisecticidal composition of the present invention. Both the spaying was done in such a manner that a fine mist of the respective insecticidal sprays enveloped both the fields. The next morning the infestation was closely observed and results noted. The spray cycles were repeated after one week for three consecutive weeks. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: At the end of three-week cycle the white flies had increased to 150% due to resurgence in the field sprayed with deltamethrin while the second field, which was sprayed with the insecticidal composition of the present invention, showed 65% reduction in the pest. 3. TARGETED INSECT: CUTWORMS (CATERPILLARS OF MOTHS) CROP SELECTED FOR THE STUDY -CORN TESTED ON: Fully grown plants COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-3 STUDY METHODOLOGY: A fenced isolated field of corn crop measuring two acres and infested with cutworms (caterpillars of moths) was selected for the study. The time selected for spraying was 4.00 pm. The entire area of the field was sprayed with the insecticidal composition such that a fine mist of the spray enveloped the entire field. The next morning the infestation was closely observed and results noted. The spray cycle was repeated after one week for two consecutive weeks. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: At the end of two-week cycle the cutworms (caterpillars of moths) were reduced by 75%. 4. TARGETED INSECT: CUTWORMS (CATERPILLARS OF MOTHS) CROP SELECTED FOR THE STUDY -CORN INSECTICIDE TESTED AGAINST: Synthetic Pyrethroid- tefluthrin 35 (1.0% concentrations were used) TESTED ON: Fully grown plants COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-3 STUDY METHODOLOGY: Two fenced isolated fields of corn crops measuring two acres infested with cutworms were selected for the study. The time selected for spraying was 4.30 pm. The entire area of one of the fields was sprayed with the synthetic Pyrethroid-tefluthrin while the other was sprayed with the insecticidal composition of the present invention. Both the fields were sprayed with the insecticidal compositions in such a manner that a fine mist of each of the insecticides enveloped the entire fields. The next morning the infestations were closely observed and results noted. The spray cycles were repeated after one week for two consecutive weeks. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: At the end of two-week cycle the cutworms (caterpillars of moths) were reduced by only 10% (probably because of resistance developed, while the present invention showed nearly 60 % reduction in the pests. 5. TARGETED INSECT: LEAFHOPPERS (family cicadellidae) CROP SELECTED FOR THE STUDY -RICE (The leafhoppers (family Cicadellidae) attack all aerial parts of the plant) TESTED ON - growing plants COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-4 STUDY METHODOLOGY: A fenced isolated field of rice crop measuring one acre and infested with the leafhoppers was selected for the study. The time selected for spraying was 4.00 pm. The entire area of the field was sprayed with the insecticidal composition such that a fine mist of the spray enveloped the entire field. The next morning the infestation was closely observed and results noted. The spray cycle was repeated after one week for two consecutive weeks, 36 RESULT AND ANALYSIS: At the end of two-week cycle the leafhoppers were reduced by 80%. 6. TARGETED INSECT: THE BROWN PLANT HOPPERS (family delphacidae) (The brown plant hoppers attack the basal portions i.e. the stems) CROP SELECTED FOR THE STUDY -RICE TESTED ON - growing plants COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described-in example-4 STUDY METHODOLOGY: A fenced isolated field of rice crop measuring three acres and infested with the brown plant hoppers was selected for the study. The time selected for spraying was 4.00 pm. The entire area of the field was sprayed with the insecticidal composition such that a fine mist of the spray enveloped the entire field. The next morning the infestation was closely observed and results noted. The spray cycle was repeated after one week for four consecutive weeks. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: At the end of four-week cycle the brown plant hoppers were reduced by 90%. 7. TARGETED INSECT: Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus F (larvae and adults) CROP SELECTED FOR THE STUDY -PALMS: These include coconut, date palm, sago palm and wild date or toddy palm) COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-4 STUDY METHODOLOGY: The Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus F. has been identified as an economically important pest of coconut palm {Coccos nucifera) and other palms more than 37 a century back. In India coconut palms are grown in all the southern states with the highest numbers in the state of Kerala. The composition of the present invention was sprayed once in 15 days for a period of 8 months. RESULT AND ANALYSIS At the end of this period all the stages of the life cycle of this insect pest were completely eradicated. 8. TARGETED INSECT: Citrus Leafmmer,Phyllocmstis citrella Stainton CROP SELECTED FOR THE STUDY- CITRUS AND SOME RELATED ORNAMENTAL PLANTS Adults of the citrus leafminer are minute moths (4 mm wingspread) with white and silvery iridescent scales on the forewings, with several black and tan markings, plus a black spot on each wingtip. The hind wings and body are white, with long fringe scales extending from the hind wing margins. TESTED DURING: Initial fruiting stage COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-3 STUDY METHODOLOGY: An area admeasuring one acre which had predominantly plants of the citrus variety and a few other ornamental plants was selected for the study. The time selected for spraying was 4.00 pm. The entire area of the field was sprayed with the insecticidal composition such that a fine mist of the spray enveloped the area under study. The next morning the infestation was closely observed and results noted. The spray cycle was repeated after one week for two consecutive weeks. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: At the end of two week cycle the Leafrniners were reduced by 50%. 38 9. TARGETED INSECT: Citrus Leafminer,Phyllocmstis citrella Stainton CROP SELECTED FOR THE STUDY- CITRUS AND SOME RELATED ORNAMENTAL PLANTS TESTED ON: Initial fruiting stage COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-3 with some changes in the composition. The quantity of Vitex Negundo juice was 10 ml and that of Ocimum sanctum was 490 ml. With the quantities of other ingredients being constant. STUDY METHODOLOGY: An area admeasuring one acre which had predominantly plants of the citrus variety and a few other ornamental plants was selected for the study. The time selected for spraying was 5.30 pm. The entire area of the field was sprayed with the insecticidal composition such that a fine mist of the spray enveloped the area under study. The next morning the infestation was closely observed and results noted. The spray cycle was repeated after one week for two consecutive weeks. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: At the end of two week cycle the composition did not seems to have any effect on the leafminers. HORTICULTURAL APPLICATIONS 1. TARGETED INSECT: WHITEFLY PLANTS SELECTED FOR THE STUDY: Indoor house plants COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-4 39 STUDY METHODOLOGY: The spraying was done using hand-held trigger sprayers by thoroughly spraying the composition of the present invention until plants were completely wet. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: After two rounds of spraying with a gap of 10 days the whiteflies and their eggs were completely destroyed. 2 . TARGETED INSECT: GYPSY MOTH CATERPILLARS PLANTS SELECTED FOR THE STUDY - Garden plants (including fruiting trees of cherries, peaches, pears, nuts); flowering, foliage and bedding plants. COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-5 STUDY METHODOLOGY: The spraying was done using hand-held trigger sprayers by thoroughly spraying the composition of the present invention until plants and the trees were completely wet. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: After four rounds of spraying with a gap of 10 days the gypsy moth caterpillars and their eggs were completely destroyed. 3. TARGETED INSECT: EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR PLANTS SELECTED FOR THE STUDY: Apple trees (Kashmir) INSECTICIDE TESTED AGAINST: Bayer Advanced Garden Multi-Insect Killer (synthetic pyrethroids) (Spraying of the insecticide was done a a rate of 1 liter/ 200 Sq meters) COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-2 40 STUDY METHODOLOGY: Two apple orchards of Kashmir of two acres each were selected for the study. The two orchards selected were at a distance of I kilometer of each other, so that the results of one insecticidal spray did not affect the results obtained in the other orchard. One orchard was sprayed with Bayer Advanced Garden Multi-Insect Killer while the other was sprayed with the insecticidal composition of the present invention. The spraying was done using hand¬held trigger sprayers and by spraying the composition of the present invention until all the trees of both the orchards were completely enveloped in a fine mist of each of the two insecticidal compositions. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: After four rounds of spraying with a gap of 10 days the orchard, which was sprayed with Bayer Advanced Garden Multi-Insect Killer, the "eastern tent caterpillars" and their eggs were reduced to 50 % while the insecticidal composition of the present invention also showed a reduction of 50% of the insect pests. The only difference was that the insecticide of the present invention does not lead to any environmental pollution and did not cause any hazard to the people frequenting the orchard like the gardeners. 41 I Claim: [1] A sprayable synergistic polyherbal liquid insecticidal composition containing an intimate mixture comprising; the juice from the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus 5 to 40% of the liquid composition, the juice from the leaves of Azadirachta indica 5 to 50% of the liquid composition, the juice from the leaves of Vitex Negundo 5 to 40% of the liquid composition, the juice from the leaves of Ocimum Sanctum 5 to 40% of the liquid composition, and the juice from the fruit of Hydnocarpus laurifolia 5 to 30% of the liquid composition. [2] A method of preparing the sprayable synergistic liquid polyherbal insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the steps of; i) Cleaning the leaves of; Eucalyptus globulus Azadirachta indica Vitex Negundo Ocimum Sanctum with water to remove the adhering dirt particles; ii) drying the leaves of step-(i) to remove moisture; iii) cleaning the fruits of Hydnocarpus laurifolia to remove the adhering dirt particles; iv) drying the fruits of step -(iii) to remove moisture; v) grinding each of the cleaned leaves of step- (ii) individually to a fine paste; vi) filtering the fine paste of each of the leaves of the herbs as mentioned in step (i) individually and collecting the juice obtained in individual containers; vii) grinding the cleaned, fruits of step-(iii) to a fine paste; viii) filtering the fine paste obtained in step-(vii) and collecting the juice so obtained in a container; ix) intimately mixing the juice of the leaves as obtained in step -(vi) and the juice fruit as obtained in step-(viii) to obtain the final insecticidal composition . x) sealing and storing the composition in air tight containers. 42 [3] A method of making the an insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 2,] wherein the herbal ingredients are freshly plucked. [4] A method of making the an insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the herbal ingredients are disease free. [5] A method of making the an insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the grinding is carried out with a minimum quantity of water. [6] A method of making the an insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the containers are amber colored. [7] A method of making the an insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the containers are made of an inert material selected from a group of inert materials such as glass, plastic or stainless steel. [8] A method of making the an insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein the containers are allowed to overflow with the composition before sealing them tightly. [9] A method of making the an insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the containers are allowed to overflow with the composition before sealing them tightly. Dated this 9th day of November, 2005. MOHAN DEWAN OF R.K.DEWAN & COMPANY APPLICANT"S PATENT ATTORNEY 43

Full Text

FORM-2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
THE PATENTS RULES 2003
Complete Specification
(See section 10 and rule 13)
SPRAYABLE SYNERGISTIC POLYHERBALINSECTICIDAL COMPOSITIONS AND A METHOD FOR PREPARATION THEREOF
MRS. WANKHEDKAR MAHALAXMIKAMLAKAR
an Indian National of C/8, Kadamgiri, Opp. Baroda Bank, Kandivali (E), Mumbai 400 101,
Maharashtra, India;

ORIGINAL
1375/MUM/2004
THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATION PARTICULARLY DESCRIBES THE INVENTION AND THE MANNER IN WHICH IT IS TO BE PERFORMED.

FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention relates to an insecticidal composition and a process of preparation thereof.
This invention particularly relates to a non-synthetic liquid insecticidal composition.
This invention further relates to a broad-spectrum insecticidal composition for agricultural, horticultural and domestic applications, which can be sprayed over water and other similar bodies to prevent formation and propagation of insects, particularly flying insects.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Insects are known to cause extensive damage to mankind, animals and plants.
There are well over 1 million different known species of insects in the world and it is estimated that there might be as many as 10 million.
Insects attack grains, vegetables and fruits in the fields as well as food that are stored in godowns and houses. Some species are known to eat houses made of wood, wooden furniture, carpets, and clothing.
Many insects transmit viruses, fungi, and other disease causing pathogens to plants, animals and human beings.
In case of agricultural crops, protecting the crop from insects and pathogens is a major concern so as to achieve higher yields.
Crop protection translates to healthy and productive plants.
2.

Insects damage plants in several ways. The most visible damage is chewed plant leaves and flowers. Many pests are visible and can be readily identified, including the Japanese beetle, Colorado potato beetle, and numerous species of caterpillars such as tent caterpillars and tomato hornworms.
Other chewing insects, however, such as cutworms come out at night to eat, and burrow into the soil during the day.
Sucking insects are extremely common and can be very damaging. These insects insert their mouthparts into the plant tissues and suck out the plant juices. They also may carry diseases that they spread from plant to plant as they move about.
Other insects cause damage by boring into stems, fruits, and leaves. They may disrupt the plant"s ability to transport water. They also create opportunities for disease organisms to attack the plants. Common examples of boring insects include squash vine borers and corn borers.
As far as human beings and animals are concerned, insects and other arthropods can cause injury and even death by their bites or stings. Many insects transmit bacteria and other disease causing pathogens.
Insects such as mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting several diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue, and viral encephalitis and the like.
Apart from causing extreme physical discomfort and mental agony they cause severe loss in terms of productive time, money and other resources.
Insects such as mosquitoes breed in any stagnant body of water including, tree-holes, containers used to store water and larger bodies of water such as lakes and marshes. The stagnant bodies of water act as breeding grounds for the mosquitoes.
3

To protect human beings, traditionally several practices have been used to reduce insect aggravation such as smoky fires or spreading mud and dust over the body to repel biting and tickling insects.
But these crude methods often result in skin irritations such as rashes and other symptoms such as burning, itching, allergy and the like
To overcome these problems several chemical and other insecticides were developed which could offer protection from insects without coming in contact with the human body. These chemical insecticides are effective in killing the insects and containing their life cycles. The use of chemical insecticides for controlling the birth, reproduction of insects such as mosquitoes and others is very common and widely used.
Chemical insecticides such as DDT (also known as dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane), DEET (also known as N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide), Aldrin and Endrin and the like are commonly used insecticides. But long and perpetual use of these insecticides is known to cause damage to the human body.
Several chemical insecticides make use of allethrin, which apart from containing the insects can also harm the eyes, skin, the respiratory tract, and the nervous system of human beings. Long-term and persistent use of products containing allethrin could even cause brain cancer, blood cancer, and deformity of fetus.
Chemical insecticides also have other disadvantages.
They cause increased environmental pollution.
The chemical insecticides used to control insect pests may also directly or indirectly harm other components of the ecosystem such as birds, animals, and other useful life forms.
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In addition insects tend to be become immune to the effect of chemicals over a period of time. Vector resistance to insecticides is the most outstanding technical problem impeding the development of vector control programs.
Many of the chemical insecticides and pesticides cause pest resurgence, which means there is a rapid reappearance of a pest population in injurious numbers, brought about after the application of a broad-spectrum insecticide/ pesticide. The insecticide/ pesticide kills the natural enemies of the targeted insects and pests which otherwise keep a check on the insect-pests.
Because of these drawbacks herbal insecticidal alternatives are becoming increasingly popular and in demand. The herbal preparations have the advantage of providing protection from insects without causing damage to the environment and human beings. They also do not cause pest resurgence or resistance. They also do not cause mutations in the insect species which at times give rise to newer more dangerous variations of the existing insect pests.
The use of herbs for protection against insects and in the treatment of insect bites is an age-old concept. The use of herb-based insecticides is well known and has been discussed in depth in ancient Indian scriptures of Ayurveda such as Charak Samhita and Susruta Samhita etc.
These herbal insecticidal compositions can be formulated in various ways and released / used in ways such as sprays, baits, slow-release diffusion, coils etc.
PRIOR ART
Several herb based insecticidal compositions have also been disclosed in prior art:
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US Patent No. 5,372,817 (no Indian equivalent application available) discloses an insecticidal composition derived from neem oil and neem wax fractions. The insecticidal composition is obtained using a non-polar, hydrophobic solvent. Neem seed extracts, which are substantially free of azadirachtin, are obtained by concentrating the hydrophobic solvent extract and cooling the resulting neem oil to separate a semi-solid neem wax fraction and a clarified neem oil fraction.
US Patent No. 5,405,612 (no Indian equivalent application available) discloses an insecticide derived from a neem seed extract comprising neem oil, which is substantially free of azadirachtin. The said neem oil being prepared by extracting dried, coarsely ground neem seeds with a non-polar, hydrophobic solvent.
CN1104852A (no Indian equivalent application available) describes an insect preventive composition, composed of 6 traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. The constituents are-lemongrass 10-15%, Eugenia caryophyllata 10-15%, L. foenumgraecum 40-50%, pine needle 5-10%, flue-cured tobacco 5-10% and perpermint 5-10%. The above-mentioned medicinal herbs are ground into a powder. To the powder mixture the solution of carboxy methyl cellulose is sprayed uniformly and stirred thoroughly. The invention is safe, non¬toxic, does not contaminate clothing and other articles of daily use and environment. The insecticide has a wide range of applications, and is capable of effectively preventing moth or any other insect that eat books, clothes etc. and mildew.
Indian Patent IN0187100 reveals a process for the preparation of insecticidal formulation of neem seed kernel extract.
All the above inventions described in the prior art either describe the use of an individual herbal ingredient or a mixture of ingredients, which have only specific applications. These herbal insecticides have limited application and cannot be effectively sprayed on water.
The need was felt for long acting potent, long acting insecticidal composition that had broad-spectrum activity against most insects.
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The need was felt similarly for an insecticidal composition which was safe on human beings and animals in a sense that it does not cause any side effects and does not accumulate in the human system.
The need was also felt for an insecticidal composition, which was cheap and easy to prepare, and which could advantageously be sprayed over water too.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
An object of this invention is to provide a broad spectrum, potent insecticidal composition.
Another object of this invention is to long acting insecticidal composition.
Another object of this invention is to provide an insecticidal composition, which is safe for human beings and animals.
Another object of this invention is to provide a safe insecticidal composition, which does not cause allergy, irritation or other side effects to human beings.
Another object of this invention is to provide an insecticidal composition, which does not accumulate in the human system.
Another object of this invention is to provide an insecticidal composition, which does not cause mutations in the insect species.
Another object of this invention is to provide an insecticidal composition, which does not cause resurgence of the targeted insect species.
Another object of this invention is to provide an insecticidal composition, which is easy to
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Another object of this invention is to provide an insecticidal composition, which is inexpensive.
Another object of this invention is to provide an insecticidal composition with easily available raw materials.
Another object of this invention is to provide an insecticidal composition wherein less equipment is needed for its manufacture.
Another object of this invention is to provide an insecticidal composition, which has long shelf life.
Another object of this invention is to provide a sprayable insecticidal composition.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention describes a sprayable synergistic liquid insecticidal composition containing an intimate mixture comprising;
the juice from the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus 5 to 40% of the liquid composition, the juice from the leaves of Azadirachta indica 5 to 50% of the liquid composition, the juice from the leaves of Vitex Negundo 5 to 40% of the liquid composition, the juice from the leaves of Ocimum Sanctum 5 to 40% of the liquid composition, and the juice from the fruits of Hydnocarpus lauhfolia 5 to 30% of the liquid composition.
The aforesaid juices are blended together in a homogenous mixture to obtain a liquid composition, which can be sprayed over any surface, including water.
The composition is useful in preventing the growth and propagation of a variety of insects. It is harmful to insects particularly their eggs and larva and destroys them on contact.
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The product of this invention can be put to use in agricultural as well as domestic applications.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION:
The botanical references of the herbs used in the present invention are as follows:
1)
Botanical name : Eucalyptus Sp (Eucalyptus globulus)
Sanskrit name : Tailapatra, Tailaparna, Sugandhapatra
Popular English name : The Australian Fever Tree
Habitat : A native of Australia, now being cultivated on
the highlands of India, chiefly on the Nilgiris.
Parts used : Dried leaves, gum (Eucalyptus Kino),
exudation from the stem, and oil distilled from
the fresh leaves.
Constituents : Leaves contain volatile oil 6%, tannin, a
alcohol, a crystallizable fatty acid and a resin.
Preparations/Uses : Antimalarial properties, Antiseptic.
2)
Botanical name : Azadirachta indica/ Melia azadlrachta
Sanskrit name : Ravipriya; Vembaka; Vranshodhkari, Nimba.
Popular English name : Neem
Habitat : Indigenous to and cultivated nearly all over
India and in Burma.
Parts used : Leaves, Root-bark, fruit or berry, seeds,
flowers, oil and gum.
Constituents : Leaves contain a small quantity of a bitter
alkaloid.
Preparations/Uses :Leaves are bitter, astringent, acrid, antiseptic,
anthelmintic.
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3)
Botanical name : Vitex Negundo
Sanskrit name : Sephalika, Sindhuvaram, Nirgundi.
Popular English name :Five-leaved Chaste Tree.
Habitat :Bengal, Southern India and Burma.
Parts used :Root, fruit, flowers, leaves and bark.
Constituents :Leaves contain a colorless essential oil.
Preparations/Uses :Leaves are externally anti- parasitic.
Leaves are very efficacious in dispelling inflammatory swellings of the joints from acute rheumatism, leech bites etc.
4)
Botanical name : Ocimum Sanctum
Sanskrit name : Vishnupriya; Tulasi.
Popular english name : Holy Basil, Tulsi
Habitat : This small herb is found through out Indian and
cultivated near houses and temples.
Parts used :Leaves, Seeds and roots.
Constituents : Leaves contain a yellowish green essential oil.
Seeds contain large amount of mucilage. Preparations/Uses : Leaves are fragrant and aromatic. Juice of the
plant is anthelminthic. Leaves are used for
flavoring.
5)
Botanical name : Hydnocarpus laurifolia
Sanskrit name : Tuvrak
Popular english name : Kava, Chalmogra
Habitat :Southern India, western Indian mountains,
Southern Konkan, Kerala and Srilanka.
Parts used : Seed, oil
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Preparations/Uses : Preparations of hydnocarpus are used in the
treatment of various skin diseases such as psoriasis and the treatment of leprosy.
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE INSECTICIDAL COMPOSITION:
The following steps are followed diligently while preparing the insecticidal composition.
1 .The herbal ingredients are plucked carefully taking the help of a botanist experienced in identifying and handling the herbs required for the insecticidal composition.
2. Care is taken that the leaves and fruits are healthy, fresh, and intact without any infection or external damage.
3. The leaves and fruits after washing the adhering dust and other particles are handled with clean plastic or latex gloves.
A method of manufacturing a sprayable liquid insecticidal composition comprising;
1 .Individually extracting the juice from healthy, infection free leaves of the following herbs just subsequent to plucking:
Eucalyptus globulus Azadirachta indica Vitex Negundo Ocimum Sanctum
2.Extracting the juice from healthy, infection free fruit of the following herb just subsequent to plucking: Hydnocarpus laurifolia;
3. Intimately mixing the juice of the leaves of the herbs as mentioned in
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step-1 with the juice of the fruit as obtained in step -2 in the following proportion:
Eucalyptus globulus - leaf juice 5-40 percent
Azadirachta indica - leaf juice 5-50 percent
Vitex Negundo - leaf juice 5-40 percent
Ocimum Sanctum - leaf juice 5-40 percent.
and
Hydnocarpus laurifolia -fruit juice 5-30 percent.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of preparing the juice of the herbal ingredients.
The steps involved in preparation of the insecticidal composition comprise the steps :
i) Cleaning the leaves of the following herbs with fresh demineralized (DM) water to
remove dirt and other unwanted adhering particles;
Eucalyptus globulus
Azadirachta indica
Vitex Negundo
Ocimum Sanctum
ii) drying the leaves of step-(i) in shade, for a period just sufficient to remove the surface moisture, periodically shuffling the leaves to ensure even drying;
iii) cleaning the fruits of Hydnocarpus laurifolia with fresh, clean demineralized (DM) water to remove dirt and other adhering particles;
iv) drying the fruits of step -(iii) in shade, for a period just sufficient to remove the surface moisture, periodically shuffling the leaves to ensure even drying;
v) grinding each of the cleaned leaves of step- (ii) individually to a fine paste in several batches of 2 kilograms each depending on requirement using a mortar and pestle adding just enough water as may be required to obtain a fine paste like consistency;
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Optionally the grinding may be carried out in a mixer/grinder adding just enough water as may be required to obtain a fine paste like consistency. (The volume of the leaves to be ground depends on the final volume of the insecticidal composition required.);
vi) filtering the fine paste of each of the leaves of the herbs as mentioned in step (i) individually as soon as possible through a fine sieve (preferably a previously cleaned and dried muslin cloth or plastic seive) and collecting the juice obtained in individual containers while taking care that the filtrate does not contain particles of the leaves;
vii) grinding the cleaned, fruit of step-(iii) to a fine paste as described for the leaves ;
viii) simultaneously filtering the fine paste of the fruit obtained in step-(vii) in a manner similar to that described for the leaves in step -(vi) and collecting the juice so obtained in another container;
ix) intimately mixing the juice of the leaves as obtained in step -(vi) and the juice of the fruit as obtained in step-(viii) using a clean wooden or stainless steel spatula long enough to blend the juices preferably immediately or as soon as possible in aforementioned proportions to obtain the insecticidal compositions (in case the juices cannot be mixed immediately then they are each filled to the brim in different amber colored containers, preferably glass and sealed in an air tight fashion in a cool dry place till further processing can be done.
x) filling the juices obtained as described in step-(ix) up to the brim of amber colored containers preferably glass bottles, allowing the insecticidal composition to overflow and sealing with air tight caps /lids.(This is to ensure that there is no air in the bottle and the process of oxidative degradation is minimized).
xi) storing the sealed containers of the insecticidal composition of step-(x) in a cool shady place away from direct sunlight till it needs to be used.
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THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS:
One preferred embodiments for preparing 100 liters of the sprayable insecticide is:
Eucalyptus globulus - leaf juice 20 liters
Azadirachta indica - leaf juice 30 liters
Vitex Negundo - leaf juice 20 liters
Ocimum Sanctum - leaf juice 20 liters
And
Hydnocarpus laurifolia -fruit juice 10 liters.
The insecticidal preparation described can be used to get rid of a variety of insects. The insects could be any from a group of insects such as -Adelgids, Ants, Aphids, Armored scale, Alfalfa Weevil, Apple Maggot, Armyworm, Artichoke Plume Moth, Asparagus, Beetle, Beetle larvae, Beet Armyworm, Beet Leafhopper, Black Cutworm, Blackberry Leafhopper, Blue Alfalfa Aphid, Cankerworms, Cabbage Aphid, Cabbage butterfly, Cabbage Looper, Cabbage Maggot,California Red Scale, Calocoris norvegicus, Carrot Weevil( L. oregonensis), Carrot Weevil (L. texanus), Celery Looper, Cereal Leaf Beetle, Citricola Scale, Citrus Thrips. Citrus Thrips Damage, Citrus Red Mite, Codling Moth, Corn Earworm, Corn Leaf Aphid, Cotton Aphid, Cotton Bollworm, Crucifer Flea Beetle, Cuban Laurel Thrips, Diamond back Moth, Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil, Elm Leaf Beetle, English Grain Aphid, European Elm Scale, European Red Mite, Fruittree Leafroller, Fungus gnats, Fuller Rose Beetle, Green Peach Aphid, Greenhouse Whitefly, Gypsy Moth, Hope Vine Borer, Imported Cabbageworm, Indian Meal Moth, Lilac Borer, Lygus Bug, Meadow Spittlebug, Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Melon Fly, Mexican Bean Beetle, Nantucket Pine Tip Moth, Navel Orange work, Northern Corn Rootworm, Obscure Scale, Olive Scale,
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Omnivorous Leafroller, Onion Maggot, Onion Thrips, Orange Tortrix, Oriental Fruit Fly, Oriental Fruit Moth, Pacific Spider Mite, Pea Aphid, Peach Twig Borer, Peachtree Borer.Pear Psylla, Pear Rust Mite, Pink Bollworm, Plum Fruit Moth, Potato Leafhopper, Potato Tuberworm, Russian Wheat Aphid, San Jose Scale, Seedcorn Maggot, Serpentine Fruit Fly, Sod Webworm, Spodoptera Litura, Spotted Tentiform Leafminer, Spruce Budworm, Squash Bug, Strawberry Spider Mite, Sunflower Beetle, Sunflower Moth, Sunflower Stem Weevil, Sweet Potato Whitefly, Tobacco Budworm, Tomato Pinworm, Twospotted Spider Mite, Variegated Cutworm, Vegetable Leafminer (L. sativae), Vegetable Leafminer(L. trifolii) Western Cherry Fruit Fly, Western Grape Leafhopper,Western Grapeleaf Skeletonizer, Western Pine Shoot Borer,Mosquitoes, Chiggers, Gnats, Fleas, Lace bugs, Leafhoppers, Mealybugs, Mites, Phylloxera, Plant bugs, Psyllids, Scale insects, Spider mites, Thrips, Sawfly larvae, Spittle bugs, Webworms, Whiteflies, Caterpillars(including gypsy moth caterpillars), Tent caterpillars, Leafrollers, Diamondback moth larvae and the like.
EXAMPLES:
EXAMPLE-1:
Healthy, fresh, intact, clean leaves of
Eucalyptus globulus
Azadirachta indica
Vitex Negundo
Ocimum Sanctum
and healthy, fresh, intact, clean fruits of Hydnocarpus laurifolia were diligently cleaned
with fresh demineralized water to remove adhering dirt particles and other impurities.
Following this each of the herbal ingredients were separately dried in shade for just enough
time to remove water adhering to the surface of the leaves and fruits, periodically shuffling
the leaves and fruits to ensure even drying.
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Following this, the leaves and the fruits of the present insecticidal composition were individually ground to a fine paste using a mortar and pestle using just enough water to obtain a paste like consistency and filtered through a fresh clean moist muslin cloth to obtain the juice, which were collected in separate containers.
Subsequently the fresh juices of all the five herbal ingredients were intimately mixed using a wooden spatula in the following proportion to prepare 1000 ml of a final sprayable insecticidal composition:
Eucalyptus globulus - leaf juice 50ml
Azadirachta indica - leaf juice 500ml
Vitex Negundo - leaf juice 250ml
Ocimum Sanctum - leaf juice 100ml.
and
Hydnocarpus laurifolia -fruit juice 100ml
This was followed by filling the juices obtained as described above up to the brim of bottles amber colored glass bottles of 200 ml capacity each allowing the insecticidal composition to overflow and sealing with air tight plastic screw caps. This was to ensure that there was no air in the bottle and the process of oxidative degradation was minimized.
The insecticide so prepared was tested against fleas in a flea infested garbage bin and was found to be very effective.
Stability testing:
Three months:
The insecticide so prepared was tested for stability by storing the tightly capped containers in a cool dry, shady place for a period of three months from the date of preparation and was tested subsequently on the same flea infested garbage bin where the initial testing was done. It was found to be as effective as the fresh preparation without any deterioration or loss of potency.
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Six months:
The insecticide so prepared was tested for stability by storing the tightly capped containers in a cool dry, shady place for a period of nine months from the date of preparation and was tested subsequently on the same flea infested garbage bin where both the previous testing were carried out. It was found to be as effective as the fresh preparation without any deterioration or loss of potency.
Safety testing:
1) The fresh insecticidal preparation was applied on a 1cm * 1cm patch on the back of two caged healthy disease free white mice, once a day for one week. Neither of the mice developed any allergic skin or other reaction at the end of the one-week trial period.
2) Following the trial above a similar test was done on the inner fore arm of healthy, disease free volunteers (one male and one female) by applying the preparation on a 1cm * lcm patch once a day for one week. Again the preparation did not trigger any allergic skin or other reaction at the end of the one-week trial period.
EXAMPLE-2:
The juice from the leaves and the fruits of the same herbs described in example-1 were
extracted in the same manner as described in the same example.
But since the juices could not be mixed immediately they were each filled to the brim in different amber colored plastic containers, sealed after allowing the composition to slightly overflow and sealed in an air tight fashion. The compositions were then stored in a cool dry place for twenty-four hours following which they were processed as described below.
The juices of the leaves of the four herbs and the fruit were intimately mixed with a stainless steel spatula in the following proportion to prepare 1000ml of a final sprayable insecticidal composition:
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Eucalyptus globulus - leaf juice 100ml
Azadirachta indica - leaf juice 500ml
Vitex Negundo - leaf juice 200ml
Ocimum Sanctum - leaf juice 150ml.
and
Hydnocarpus laurifolia -fruit juice 50ml
This was followed by filling the juices obtained as described above up to the brim of amber colored glass bottles of 250 ml capacity each allowing the insecticidal composition to overflow and sealing with air tight plastic screw caps. This was to ensure that there was no air in the bottle and the process of oxidative degradation was minimized.
Stability testing: The effective shelf life of the insecticidal preparation was tested against cockroaches, as described in the above example after periods of six and nine months. The preparation was found to be as effective as the fresh preparation even after nine months of storage.
Safety testing:
The safety of the insecticidal preparation was checked in a manner similar to what was described in example-1 and there were no allergic reactions even after one week of application of the composition.
EXAMPLE-3:
The juice from the leaves and the fruits of the same herbs described in example-1 were extracted in the same manner as described in the same example the only difference being that a domestic mixer was used for grinding the herbs and a plastic sieve was used for filtering them.
The fresh juices of the leaves of the four herbs and the fruit were intimately mixed with a wooden spatula in the following proportion to prepare 2000ml of a final sprayable insecticidal composition:
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Eucalyptus globulus - leaf juice 200ml
Azadirachta indica - leaf juice 300ml
Vitex Negundo - leaf juice 200ml
Ocimum Sanctum • leaf juice 800ml.
and
Hydnocarpus laurifolia -fruit juice 500ml
This was followed by filling the juices obtained as described above up to the brim of amber colored plastic bottles of 500 ml capacity each, allowing the insecticidal composition to overflow and sealing with air tight plastic screw caps. This was to ensure that there was no air in the bottle and the process of oxidative degradation was minimized.
Stability testing: The effective shelf life of the insecticidal preparation was tested against houseflies, as described in the above example-1 after periods of six and nine months. The preparation was found to be as effective as the fresh preparation even after nine months of storage.
Safety testing:
The safety of the insecticidal preparation was checked in a manner similar to what was described in example-1 and there were no allergic reactions even after one week of application of the composition.
EXAMPLE-4:
The juice from the leaves and the fruits of the same herbs described in example-1 were extracted in the same manner as described in the same example the only difference being that a domestic mixer was used for grinding the herbs.
The fresh juices of the leaves of the four herbs and the fruit were intimately mixed with a wooden spatula in the following proportion to ptepate 2GG0 ml of a final sprayable insecticidal composition:
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Eucalyptus globulus - leaf juice 500 ml
Azadirachta indica - leaf juice 400 ml
Vitex Negundo - leaf juice 100 ml
Ocimum Sanctum - leaf juice 400 ml.
and
Hydnocarpus laurifolia -fruit juice 600ml
Stability testing: The effective shelf life of the insecticidal preparation was tested against cockroaches as described in example-1 after periods of six and nine months of storing the insecticidal composition away from sunlight in a cool dry place. The preparation was found to be as effective as the fresh preparation even after nine months of storage.
Safety testing:
The safety of the insecticidal preparation was checked in a manner similar to what was described in example-1 and there were no allergic reactions even after one week of application of the composition.
EXAMPLE-5:
The juice from the leaves and the fruits of the same herbs described in example-1 were extracted in the same manner as described in the same example the only difference being that a domestic mixer was used for grinding the herbs.
The fresh juices of the leaves of the four herbs and the fruit were intimately mixed with a
wooden spatula in the following proportion to prepare 1000 ml of a final sprayable
insecticidal composition:
Eucalyptus globulus - leaf juice 400ml
Azadirachta indica - leaf juice 100ml
Vitex Negundo - leaf juice 100ml
Ocimum Sanctum - leaf juice 250ml.
and
Hydnocarpus laurifolia -fruit juice 150ml
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Stability testing: The effective shelf life of the insecticidal preparation was tested against mosquitoes as described in example-1 after a period of six and nine months of storing the insecticidal composition away from sunlight in a cool dry place. The preparation was found to be as effective as the fresh preparation even after nine months of storage.
Safety testing:
The safety of the insecticidal preparation was checked in a manner similar to what was described in example-1 and there were no allergic reactions even after one week of application of the composition.
TRIALS:
DOMESTIC APPLICATIONS
POINTS, WHICH WERE CONSIDERED BEFORE THE START OF THE TRIALS:
1) Appropriate time for the use of insecticides
This was decided based on the time of maximum activity and movement observed in the insect pests.
2) Wherever synthetic pyrethroids were used, care was taken to protect the skin during and
after the spray cycles.
1. TARGETED INSECT: FLEA
SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min)
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal
composition prepared as described in example-1
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STUDY METHODOLOGY:
A garbage bin measuring 1 square meter was selected at a distance of 5 meters of a fruit
market. The wastes in the bin were mostly over ripe and decaying fruits.
A hand held spray gun was used, with fixed type hollow nozzle. The polyherbal insecticidal
composition prepared as described in example-1 was sprayed for a period of 5 minutes to
cover the entire surface area of the garbage bin.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
The polyherbal composition prepared as described in example- 1 showed no presence of
any fleas even after 1 hour.
Also the composition was able to control the adult and larval forms for 1 week after only one cycle of spraying.
2. TARGETED INSECT: HOUSE FLIES
SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min)
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal
composition prepared as described in example-3
STUDY METHODOLOGY:
A village near Pune comprising 100 mud houses was chosen for the study.
A cold aerosol generator was used for spraying.
The knockdown and mortality rate of caged houseflies was used to evaluate the efficiency of the insecticide. A cylindrical screened sentinel cage (26 cm long * 18 cm diameter) was filled with houseflies. The cage was hung inside a well-ventilated space in a house.
In addition an open bottle (previously filled with water and stored as such for two months), measuring (6 cm high * 7 cm diameter) containing the houseflies eggs were placed on the inside wall inside of one of the houses.
The spraying was once a week for three consecutive weeks.
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Each week following the spraying of insecticide, the number of eggs in the bottle were counted and removed.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
The polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-3 was effective in controlling the adult and eggs completely after spraying for one day on 3 consecutive weeks with no environmental pollution.
3. TARGETED INSECT: MOSQUITOES
SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min)
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal
composition prepared as described in example-1
STUDY METHODOLOGY: A crowded housing colony in Mumbai comprising a sector
with 400 houses was chosen for the study. The polyherbal composition prepared as
described in example-3 was used as an insecticide to kill and control the mosquito
population.
A cold aerosol generator was used for spraying.
The knockdown and mortality rate of caged mosquitoes was used to evaluate the efficiency of the insecticide. A cylindrical screened sentinel cage (26 cm long * 18 cm diameter) was filled with mosquitoes. The cage was hung inside a well-ventilated room two meters above the ground.
In addition an open bottle (previously filled with water and stored as such for two months) measuring (6 cm high * 7 cm diameter) containing the mosquitoes larvae were placed on the wall inside one house in the same housing sector.
Each week following the spraying of the insecticide the number of larvae in the bottle container were counted and removed.
The insecticide was sprayed once a week for three consecutive weeks.
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RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
The polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1 was effective in controlling the adults in the cage and the larval forms in the bottle at the ends of three weeks. Also the insecticidal composition of the present invention caused no environmental pollution.
4. TARGETED INSECT: FEMALE ANOPHELES MOSQUITOES
SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min)
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal
composition prepared as described in example-1
STUDY METHODOLOGY:
A crowded housing colony in Ahmedabad which had just recorded four cases of malaria
and comprising a sector with 300 houses was chosen for the study. The polyherbal
composition prepared as described in example-4 was used as an insecticide to kill and
control the female anopheles mosquito population. A cold aerosol generator was used for
spraying.
The knockdown and mortality rate of caged mosquitoes was used to evaluate the efficiency of the insecticide. A cylindrical screened sentinel cages (26 cm long * 18 cm diameter) was filled with female anopheles mosquitoes. The cage was hung inside a well-ventilated room of one of the houses in the sector, two meters above the ground.
In addition an open bottle (previously filled with water and stored as such for two months) measuring (6 cm high * 7 cm diameter) containing the larvae of the female anopheles mosquito was placed on the wall inside one house in the same housing sector.
Each week following the spraying of the insecticide the number of larvae in the bottle container was counted and removed.
The insecticide was sprayed once a week for three consecutive weeks.
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RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
At the end of one month, the polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1 was effective in controlling the adult and larval forms. Also the insecticidal composition of the present invention caused no environmental pollution.
5. TARGETED INSECT: MOSQUITOES
SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min)
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-5.
STUDY METHODOLOGY: An open drain with a width of one meter and measuring to a length of 500 meters was selected for the study. The selected patch was sprayed with the composition of the present invention.
The population of the insect vectors in each patch was about 500 per square meter.
The time chosen to spray the insecticidal compositions was dusk (As this is the time the
mosquitoes were found to be most active)
The insecticide was sprayed 5 times with a gap of 15 days between two consecutive spray
cycles.
A fogging unit was used to apply the insecticides using ULV (ultra low volume) spray units
to dispense very fine aerosol droplets (fog) that kill mosquitoes on contact. The aerosol fog
primarily targets flying mosquitoes, which is why the timing of the spray was critical.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
During the fogging, flying mosquitoes within the treated area were killed. Although the local mosquito population was reduced for a few days, fogging did not prevent mosquitoes from re-entering the area.
The insecticide of the present invention was able to control the mosquito population for two months after 5 cycles of spraying. However the composition was not effective after that.
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6. TARGETED INSECT: COCKROACHES
SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min)
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal
composition prepared as described in example-4
STUDY METHODOLOGY: A wire meshed cage measuring one square meter and with a
height of 50 cm, was placed in a dark room. The wire-meshed cage was such that no
cockroaches could enter or leave the cages.
The cage contained both the adults and the nymphs.
The cage was sprayed with the polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1 for 5 minutes covering the entire area.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS
After a period of two hours it was observed that all the cockroaches sprayed with the
polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-4, were dead.
7. TARGETED INSECT: COCKROACHES
SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min)
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal
composition prepared as described in example-4 with certain modifications, the quantity of
Eucalypyus globus- leaf juice was 10 ml and the quantity of Azadirachta indica- leaf juice
was 540 ml in the 1000ml composition, with the quantity of the other ingredients being
constant.
STUDY METHODOLOGY: A wire meshed cage measuring one square meter and with a height of 50 cm, was placed in a dark room. The wire-meshed cage was such that no cockroaches could enter or leave the cages. The cage contained both the adults and the nymphs.
26

RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
The cage was sprayed with the polyherbal composition prepared as described above for 5 minutes covering the entire area. But there was no effect of the insecticidal composition even after two rounds of spraying with a gap of three days.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION WITH OTHER INSECTICIDES USED IN THE MARKET
8. TARGETED INSECT: FLEA
INSECTICIDE TESTED AGAINST: DDT
SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min)
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal
composition prepared as described in example-1
STUDY METHODOLOGY:
Two garbage bins measuring 1 square meter each were selected at a distance of 50 meters
each. Both the garbage bins were beside a fruit market. The wastes in the bins were mostly
over- ripe and decaying fruits.
A hand held spray gun was used, with fixed type hollow nozzle. Both the insecticidal
compositions i.e. DDT and the polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1,
were each sprayed on one of the bins, for a period of 5 minutes to cover the entire surface
area of the garbage bins.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
With the use of DDT and the polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1,
after a period of 1 hr neither of the bins showed the presence of any fleas.
However the effect lasted only for one week with the DDT spray but lasted for 15 days
with the polyherbal composition of this invention.
9. TARGETED INSECT: HOUSE FLIES
INSECTICIDE TESTED AGAINST: Fenitrothion SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min)
27

COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-2
STUDY METHODOLOGY:
A village near Pune comprising of two sectors with 100 houses each were chosen for the
study.
Fenitrothion 25g/l was diluted in diesel. A cold aerosol generator was used for spraying.
The knockdown and mortality rate of caged houseflies was used to evaluate the efficiency of the two insecticides. Cylindrical screened sentinel cages (26 cm long * 18 cm diameter) were filled with houseflies. The cages were hung inside a well-ventilated room in one of the houses in each of the sectors. The cages were placed at a height of two meters above the ground inside the houses.
In addition, open bottles (previously filled with water and stored as such for two months) measuring (6 cm high * 7 cm diameter) each containing the flies eggs were placed on the wall inside one house in each of the two sectors.
One of the sectors was sprayed with fenitrothion while the other was sprayed with the insecticidal composition of the present invention.
Each week following the spraying of insecticides the number of eggs in the bottle were
counted and removed.
The insecticides were sprayed once a week only.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
The fenitrothion was effective in controlling the adult and eggs after 4 weeks of spraying, but the composition of the present invention showed the same effect in two weeks. Also the insecticidal composition of the present invention caused no environmental pollution, including the obnoxious smell that was found with fenitrothion.
28

10. TARGETED INSECT: MOSQUITOES
INSECTICIDE TESTED AGAINST: Pyrethroid-Cypermethrin 25g/l,
SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min)
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-3
STUDY METHODOLOGY:
A crowded housing estate in Mumbai comprising two sectors with 400 houses each was chosen for the study. A pyrethroid namely Cypermethrin 25g/l was diluted in diesel. A cold aerosol generator was used for spraying.
The knockdown and mortality rate of caged mosquitoes were used to evaluate the efficiency of the two insecticides. Cylindrical screened sentinel cages (26 cm long * 18 cm diameter) were filled with mosquitoes. The cages were hung inside a well-ventilated room in a house in each of the two sectors .The cages were hung at a height of two meters above the ground.
In addition open bottles (previously filled with water and stored as such for two months) measuring (6 cm high * 7 cm diameter) each containing the mosquitoes larvae were placed on the wall inside one house in each of the two sectors.
While one sector was sprayed with Cypermethrin, the other sector was sprayed with the insecticidal composition of the present invention.
Both the insecticides were sprayed once a week only for a period of 30 minutes, covering the entire area.
Each week following the spraying of insecticides the number of larvae in the bottle containers were counted and removed.
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RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
The pyrethroid- Cypermethrin was effective in controlling the adult and larval forms, but the composition of the present invention showed the same effect in two sprays as against three sprays as required for Cypermethrin. Also the insecticidal composition of the present invention caused no environmental pollution.
11. TARGETED INSECT: FEMALE ANOPHELES MOSQUITOS
INSECTICIDE TESTED AGAINST: Pyrethroid- Cyfluthrin 15g/l SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min)
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-4
STUDY METHODOLOGY:
A crowded housing estate in Mumbai comprising of two sectors with 400 houses each were
chosen for the study. A pyrethroid namely Cyfluthrin 15g/l was diluted in diesel. A cold
aerosol generator was used for spraying.
The knockdown and mortality rate of caged female anopheles mosquitoes were used to
evaluate the efficiency of the two insecticides.
Cylindrical screened sentinel cages (26 cm long * 18 cm diameter) were filled with female
anopheles mosquitoes. The cages were hung inside a well-ventilated room in a house of
each of the sectors at a distance of two meters above the ground.
In addition open bottles (previously filled with water and stored as such for two months)
measuring (6 cm high * 7 cm diameter) each containing the mosquitoes larvae were placed
on the wall inside one house of each of the two sectors.
One of the sectors was sprayed with Cyfluthrin while the other was sprayed with the insecticidal composition of the present invention. Both the insecticides were sprayed once in 10 days for a period of 30 minutes, covering the entire area.
After each round of spraying, on the next day following the spraying of insecticides the number of larvae in the bottle containers were counted and removed.
30

RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
The pyrethroid- Cyfluthrin was effective in controlling the adult and larval forms, but the composition of the present invention had a mosquito inhibiting effect in 45 days as against 25 days required for Cyfluthrin. Also the insecticidal composition of the present invention caused no environmental pollution.
12. TARGETED INSECT: MOSQUITOES
INSECTICIDE TESTED AGAINST: DDT
SPRAY RATE: 104 ml /min (3.5 oz/min)
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal
composition prepared as described in example-5
STUDY METHODOLOGY:
Two open drains, with a width of one meter and measuring to a length of 500 meters were selected for the study. Both the drains were at a distance of 500 meters within each other. The distance being selected in such a manner so that the first test patch sprayed with the chemical DDT does not interfere with the results obtained in the second patch, which was sprayed with the composition of the present invention.
The populations of the insect vectors in each patch were about 500 per square meter.
The time chosen to spray the insecticidal compositions was dusk (as this is the time the
mosquitoes were found to be most active)
One drain was sprayed with DDT while the other was sprayed with the insecticidal composition of the present invention. Each insecticide was sprayed 5 times with a gap of 15 days between two consecutive spray cycles.
Fogging units were used to apply the insecticides using ULV (ultra low volume) spray units to dispense very fine aerosol droplets (fog) that stay aloft and kill mosquitoes on contact. The aerosol fog primarily targets flying mosquitoes, which is why the timing of the spray was critical.
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The amount of insecticide sprayed was about 3 to 5 ounces for each area under test.
During fogging, flying mosquitoes within the treated area were killed. Although the local mosquito population is reduced for a few days, fogging does not prevent mosquitoes from re-entering the area.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
While DDT was able to control the mosquito population up to 30 days after the three
cycles, the insecticide of the present invention
was able to control the mosquito population for two months. However neither was effective
after that.
13. TARGETED INSECT: Cockroaches (Blata orientalis)
INSECTICIDE TESTED AGAINST: Commercially available insecticide.
(Composed of imiprothrin (0.07%) and cypermethrin(0.20%)
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal
composition prepared as described in example-1
STUDY METHODOLOGY: Two wire meshed cages measuring one square meter each
with a height of 50 cm, were placed at a distance of 1 kilometer of each other in dark
rooms. The wire meshed cages were such that no cockroaches could enter or leave the
cages.
Both the cages contained the adult and the nymphs.
One cage was sprayed with the commercially available insecticide-called while the other with the polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1. Both the cages were sprayed for 5 minutes covering the entire area.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS
After a period of two hours it was observed that only 80% of the cockroaches sprayed with
"Commercially available insecticide"
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were completely killed, while in the cage sprayed with the polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1, all the cockroaches were dead.
AGRICULTUTAL APPLICATIONS
POINTS, WHICH WERE CONSIDERED BEFORE THE START OF THE TRIALS:
1. Appropriate time for the use of insecticides:
This was decided based on the population of insect pests .
2. The insects selected for a particular study were more prevalent than the other types of
insect pests.
3. Synthetic pyrethroids which were used to evaluate the efficiency of the insecticidal
preparation of the present study are a class of chemicals that have been introduced over the
past two decades for a variety of insecticidal uses including both agricultural and domestic
applications.
The various synthetic pyrethroid sprays which were used in this study were prepared by :
a. Preparing an emulsion with water.
b. 1.0% concentrations were prepared (e.g. 40 ml of the pyrethroid was emulsified with 4
liters of water to obtain 1.0% concentration). The quantities were proportionately scaled up
depending on the requirement.
4. Spraying of the insecticide was done at a rate of 10 liter/100 Sq meters unless other wise
mentioned
1. TARGETED INSECT: COTTON BALL WORMS
(Larva concentration at the beginning of the trial = 38,000-43,000 per acre
CROP SELECTED FOR THE STUDY: COTTON INTRODUCTION:
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Cotton is assailed by a multitude of pests as it evolved through various production levels. In India, however, 130 insect species have been listed on cotton.
Of these, cotton leafhopper, whitefly and bollworms are ubiquitous and pose a serious threat in arresting cotton production in India.
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-1 SPRAY RATE: 10 liters per acre TESTED ON: Fully grown plants
STUDY METHODOLOGY: A fenced isolated field of cotton crop measuring one acre and infested with cotton ball worms was selected for the study. The time selected for spraying was 5.00 pm. The entire area of the field was sprayed with the insecticidal composition such that a fine mist of the spray enveloped the entire field. The next morning the infestation was closely observed and results noted.
The spray cycle was repeated after one week for three consecutive weeks.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
At the end of three-week cycle the cotton ball worm was reduced to 75%.
2) TARGETED INSECT: WHITEFLIES
CROP SELECTED FOR THE STUDY: COTTON
INSECTICIDE TESTED AGAINST: Synthetic Pyrethroid- deltamethrin
(1.0% concentrations were used)
TESTED ON: Fully grown plants
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal
composition prepared as described in example-2
STUDY METHODOLOGY: Two fenced isolated field of cotton crops measuring acre each and infested with cotton ball worms were selected for the study. The time selected for spraying was 6.00 pm. The entire area of both the field were sprayed with the insecticidal
34

compositions i.e. one field was sprayed with deltamethrin while the other was sprayed with the iiisecticidal composition of the present invention. Both the spaying was done in such a manner that a fine mist of the respective insecticidal sprays enveloped both the fields. The next morning the infestation was closely observed and results noted.
The spray cycles were repeated after one week for three consecutive weeks.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
At the end of three-week cycle the white flies had increased to 150% due to resurgence in the field sprayed with deltamethrin while the second field, which was sprayed with the insecticidal composition of the present invention, showed 65% reduction in the pest.
3. TARGETED INSECT: CUTWORMS (CATERPILLARS OF MOTHS)
CROP SELECTED FOR THE STUDY -CORN
TESTED ON: Fully grown plants
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal
composition prepared as described in example-3
STUDY METHODOLOGY: A fenced isolated field of corn crop measuring two acres and infested with cutworms (caterpillars of moths) was selected for the study. The time selected for spraying was 4.00 pm. The entire area of the field was sprayed with the insecticidal composition such that a fine mist of the spray enveloped the entire field. The next morning the infestation was closely observed and results noted.
The spray cycle was repeated after one week for two consecutive weeks.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
At the end of two-week cycle the cutworms (caterpillars of moths) were reduced by 75%.
4. TARGETED INSECT: CUTWORMS (CATERPILLARS OF MOTHS)
CROP SELECTED FOR THE STUDY -CORN
INSECTICIDE TESTED AGAINST: Synthetic Pyrethroid- tefluthrin
35

(1.0% concentrations were used)
TESTED ON: Fully grown plants
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal
composition prepared as described in example-3
STUDY METHODOLOGY: Two fenced isolated fields of corn crops measuring two acres infested with cutworms were selected for the study. The time selected for spraying was 4.30 pm. The entire area of one of the fields was sprayed with the synthetic Pyrethroid-tefluthrin while the other was sprayed with the insecticidal composition of the present invention. Both the fields were sprayed with the insecticidal compositions in such a manner that a fine mist of each of the insecticides enveloped the entire fields. The next morning the infestations were closely observed and results noted.
The spray cycles were repeated after one week for two consecutive weeks.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
At the end of two-week cycle the cutworms (caterpillars of moths) were reduced by only 10% (probably because of resistance developed, while the present invention showed nearly 60 % reduction in the pests.
5. TARGETED INSECT: LEAFHOPPERS (family cicadellidae)
CROP SELECTED FOR THE STUDY -RICE
(The leafhoppers (family Cicadellidae) attack all aerial parts of the plant)
TESTED ON - growing plants
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal
composition prepared as described in example-4
STUDY METHODOLOGY: A fenced isolated field of rice crop measuring one acre and
infested with the leafhoppers was selected for the study. The time selected for spraying was
4.00 pm. The entire area of the field was sprayed with the insecticidal composition such
that a fine mist of the spray enveloped the entire field. The next morning the infestation was
closely observed and results noted.
The spray cycle was repeated after one week for two consecutive weeks,
36

RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
At the end of two-week cycle the leafhoppers were reduced by 80%.
6. TARGETED INSECT: THE BROWN PLANT HOPPERS (family delphacidae)
(The brown plant hoppers attack the basal portions i.e. the stems)
CROP SELECTED FOR THE STUDY -RICE
TESTED ON - growing plants
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal
composition prepared as described-in example-4
STUDY METHODOLOGY: A fenced isolated field of rice crop measuring three acres and infested with the brown plant hoppers was selected for the study. The time selected for spraying was 4.00 pm. The entire area of the field was sprayed with the insecticidal composition such that a fine mist of the spray enveloped the entire field. The next morning the infestation was closely observed and results noted.
The spray cycle was repeated after one week for four consecutive weeks.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
At the end of four-week cycle the brown plant hoppers were reduced by 90%.
7. TARGETED INSECT: Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus F (larvae and
adults)
CROP SELECTED FOR THE STUDY -PALMS:
These include coconut, date palm, sago palm and wild date or toddy palm)
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-4
STUDY METHODOLOGY:
The Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus F. has been identified as an
economically important pest of coconut palm {Coccos nucifera) and other palms more than
37

a century back. In India coconut palms are grown in all the southern states with the highest numbers in the state of Kerala.
The composition of the present invention was sprayed once in 15 days for a period of 8 months.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS
At the end of this period all the stages of the life cycle of this insect pest were completely
eradicated.
8. TARGETED INSECT: Citrus Leafmmer,Phyllocmstis citrella Stainton CROP SELECTED FOR THE STUDY- CITRUS AND SOME RELATED
ORNAMENTAL PLANTS Adults of the citrus leafminer are minute moths (4 mm wingspread) with white and silvery iridescent scales on the forewings, with several black and tan markings, plus a black spot on each wingtip. The hind wings and body are white, with long fringe scales extending from the hind wing margins.
TESTED DURING: Initial fruiting stage
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal
composition prepared as described in example-3
STUDY METHODOLOGY: An area admeasuring one acre which had predominantly plants of the citrus variety and a few other ornamental plants was selected for the study. The time selected for spraying was 4.00 pm. The entire area of the field was sprayed with the insecticidal composition such that a fine mist of the spray enveloped the area under study. The next morning the infestation was closely observed and results noted.
The spray cycle was repeated after one week for two consecutive weeks.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
At the end of two week cycle the Leafrniners were reduced by 50%.
38

9. TARGETED INSECT: Citrus Leafminer,Phyllocmstis citrella Stainton
CROP SELECTED FOR THE STUDY- CITRUS AND SOME RELATED
ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
TESTED ON: Initial fruiting stage
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-3 with some changes in the composition. The quantity of Vitex Negundo juice was 10 ml and that of Ocimum sanctum was 490 ml. With the quantities of other ingredients being constant.
STUDY METHODOLOGY: An area admeasuring one acre which had predominantly plants of the citrus variety and a few other ornamental plants was selected for the study. The time selected for spraying was 5.30 pm. The entire area of the field was sprayed with the insecticidal composition such that a fine mist of the spray enveloped the area under study. The next morning the infestation was closely observed and results noted.
The spray cycle was repeated after one week for two consecutive weeks.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
At the end of two week cycle the composition did not seems to have any effect on the
leafminers.
HORTICULTURAL APPLICATIONS
1. TARGETED INSECT: WHITEFLY
PLANTS SELECTED FOR THE STUDY: Indoor house plants
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-4
39

STUDY METHODOLOGY:
The spraying was done using hand-held trigger sprayers by thoroughly spraying the composition of the present invention until plants were completely wet.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
After two rounds of spraying with a gap of 10 days the whiteflies and their eggs were
completely destroyed.
2 . TARGETED INSECT: GYPSY MOTH CATERPILLARS
PLANTS SELECTED FOR THE STUDY - Garden plants (including fruiting trees of cherries, peaches, pears, nuts); flowering, foliage and bedding plants.
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-5
STUDY METHODOLOGY: The spraying was done using hand-held trigger sprayers by thoroughly spraying the composition of the present invention until plants and the trees were completely wet.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
After four rounds of spraying with a gap of 10 days the gypsy moth caterpillars and their
eggs were completely destroyed.
3. TARGETED INSECT: EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR
PLANTS SELECTED FOR THE STUDY: Apple trees (Kashmir) INSECTICIDE TESTED AGAINST: Bayer Advanced Garden Multi-Insect Killer (synthetic pyrethroids) (Spraying of the insecticide was done a a rate of 1 liter/ 200 Sq meters)
COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION USED FOR THE STUDY: Polyherbal composition prepared as described in example-2
40

STUDY METHODOLOGY:
Two apple orchards of Kashmir of two acres each were selected for the study. The two orchards selected were at a distance of I kilometer of each other, so that the results of one insecticidal spray did not affect the results obtained in the other orchard. One orchard was sprayed with Bayer Advanced Garden Multi-Insect Killer while the other was sprayed with the insecticidal composition of the present invention. The spraying was done using hand¬held trigger sprayers and by spraying the composition of the present invention until all the trees of both the orchards were completely enveloped in a fine mist of each of the two insecticidal compositions.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
After four rounds of spraying with a gap of 10 days the orchard, which was sprayed with Bayer Advanced Garden Multi-Insect Killer, the "eastern tent caterpillars" and their eggs were reduced to 50 % while the insecticidal composition of the present invention also showed a reduction of 50% of the insect pests.
The only difference was that the insecticide of the present invention does not lead to any environmental pollution and did not cause any hazard to the people frequenting the orchard like the gardeners.
41

I Claim:
[1] A sprayable synergistic polyherbal liquid insecticidal composition containing an intimate mixture comprising;
the juice from the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus 5 to 40% of the liquid composition, the juice from the leaves of Azadirachta indica 5 to 50% of the liquid composition, the juice from the leaves of Vitex Negundo 5 to 40% of the liquid composition, the juice from the leaves of Ocimum Sanctum 5 to 40% of the liquid composition, and the juice from the fruit of Hydnocarpus laurifolia 5 to 30% of the liquid composition.
[2] A method of preparing the sprayable synergistic liquid polyherbal insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the steps of; i) Cleaning the leaves of; Eucalyptus globulus Azadirachta indica Vitex Negundo Ocimum Sanctum
with water to remove the adhering dirt particles; ii) drying the leaves of step-(i) to remove moisture;
iii) cleaning the fruits of Hydnocarpus laurifolia to remove the adhering dirt particles; iv) drying the fruits of step -(iii) to remove moisture; v) grinding each of the cleaned leaves of step- (ii) individually to a fine paste; vi) filtering the fine paste of each of the leaves of the herbs as mentioned in step (i) individually and collecting the juice obtained in individual containers; vii) grinding the cleaned, fruits of step-(iii) to a fine paste;
viii) filtering the fine paste obtained in step-(vii) and collecting the juice so obtained in a container;
ix) intimately mixing the juice of the leaves as obtained in step -(vi) and the juice fruit as obtained in step-(viii) to obtain the final insecticidal composition . x) sealing and storing the composition in air tight containers.
42

[3] A method of making the an insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 2,] wherein the herbal ingredients are freshly plucked.
[4] A method of making the an insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the herbal ingredients are disease free.
[5] A method of making the an insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the grinding is carried out with a minimum quantity of water.
[6] A method of making the an insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the containers are amber colored.
[7] A method of making the an insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the containers are made of an inert material selected from a group of inert materials such as glass, plastic or stainless steel.
[8] A method of making the an insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein the containers are allowed to overflow with the composition before sealing them tightly.
[9] A method of making the an insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the containers are allowed to overflow with the composition before sealing them tightly.
Dated this 9th day of November, 2005.
MOHAN DEWAN
OF R.K.DEWAN & COMPANY
APPLICANT"S PATENT ATTORNEY
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Patent Number

211225

Indian Patent Application Number

1375/MUM/2004

PG Journal Number

45/2007

Publication Date

09-Nov-2007

Grant Date

19-Oct-2007

Date of Filing

21-Dec-2004

Name of Patentee

MRS. WANKHEDKAR MAHALAXMI KAMLAKAR

Applicant Address

C/8, KADAMGIRI, OPP. BARODA BANK, KANDIVALI (E), MUMBAI 400 101

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	MRS. WANKHEDKAR MAHALAXMI KAMLAKAR	C/8, KADAMGIRI, OPP. BARODA BANK, KANDIVALI (E), MUMBAI 400 101

PCT International Classification Number

A01N65/00

PCT International Application Number

N/A

PCT International Filing date

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1			NA