Title of Invention	UNWROUGHT REFRACTORY COMPOSITION, IN PARTICULAR FOR PRODUCING GLASS FURNACE HEARTHS
Abstract	The invention concerns an unwrought refractory composition, in particular for producing glass furnace hearths, characterized in that it comprises a base mixture comprising in wt. % : 1 to 6% of a hydraulic cement, and 94 to 99% of particles of at least a refractory material mainly consisting of alumina (Al2O3), zirconia (ZrO2) and silica (SiO2), the fraction of the particles of said base mixture having a size less than 40 m being distributed in wt.% relative to the weight of said base mixture, as follows: fraction <0.5 m: > 4% ; fraction < 2 m : > 5 %; fraction < 10 m : > 16%; fraction < 40 m : 29-45%, said refractory composition further comprising, in wt. % relative to the weight of said base mixture : 0.02 to 0.08% of organic fibers, and 0.075 to 1% of a surfactant.

Title of Invention

UNWROUGHT REFRACTORY COMPOSITION, IN PARTICULAR FOR PRODUCING GLASS FURNACE HEARTHS

Abstract

The invention concerns an unwrought refractory composition, in particular for producing glass furnace hearths, characterized in that it comprises a base mixture comprising in wt. % : 1 to 6% of a hydraulic cement, and 94 to 99% of particles of at least a refractory material mainly consisting of alumina (Al2O3), zirconia (ZrO2) and silica (SiO2), the fraction of the particles of said base mixture having a size less than 40 m being distributed in wt.% relative to the weight of said base mixture, as follows: fraction <0.5 m: > 4% ; fraction < 2 m : > 5 %; fraction < 10 m : > 16%; fraction < 40 m : 29-45%, said refractory composition further comprising, in wt. % relative to the weight of said base mixture : 0.02 to 0.08% of organic fibers, and 0.075 to 1% of a surfactant.

Full Text	1 Unwrought refractory composition, in particular for producing glass furnace hearths The present invention relates to an unshaped refractory composition, in particular for producing glass furnace hearths. The expression "refractory composition" means a composition for producing a refractory material. The glass industry usually employs for the construction of its furnaces blocks or slabs of fused cast or bonded refractory products that are highly resistant to corrosion by glass. To prevent infiltration of molten glass between the blocks or slabs, it is sometimes necessary to use unshaped refractory materials to joint the blocks or slabs. The problem is particularly acute in connection with the hearths of glass furnaces, where infiltration of glass between the slabs causes corrosion of the materials used to form the layer underlying the slabs, called the bed, followed by corrosion of the slabs themselves. The patent FR-B-2458520 describes a refractory composition for producing this kind of unshaped refractory material. This refractory composition, based on particles of a fused cast refractory material containing a vitreous matrix, is widely used but has the drawback that, after it is moistened, it cannot be pumped by pumps producing aspiration pressures less than or equal to 180 bar. Pumpable refractory compositions used for jointing metal furnace blocks are known in the art. However, the constraints in that application are very different from those encountered in the application to glass furnaces. The conditions of corrosion of the furnaces by a molten glass or metal are also different. Certain impurities, tolerated in furnaces for producing metals, are unacceptable for the fabrication of glass. In particular, the refractory materials used in glass furnaces must not generate faults such as leaching of stones through fragmentation of the refractory material into the bath of molten glass or the production of bubbles. Thus a refractory composition intended for a furnace for producing metals is not, a priori, suitable for a furnace for making glass. There is therefore a need for refractory compositions that may be used in glass furnaces and pumped more easily than the prior art compositions. The present invention aims to satisfy this need. The invention relates more particularly to an unshaped refractory composition, in particular for producing glass furnace hearths, that is noteworthy in that it comprises a basic mixture comprising: -1 to 6% by weight of a hydraulic cement, and - 94 to 99% by weight of particles of at least one refractory material whose main constituents are alumina (AI2O3), zirconia (ZrO2) and silica (SiO2), 2 the fraction of the particles of said basic mixture having a size less than 40 m being distributed in the following manner relative to the weight of said basic mixture; - fraction 4% by weight - fraction - fraction 16% by weight - fraction said refractory composition further comprising, relative to the weight of said basic mixture, - 0.02 to 0.08% by weight of organic fibers, and - 0.075 to 1% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight, of a surface-active agent. The expression "main constituents" means the majority constituents, i.e. those with the highest proportions by weight. As will emerge in more detail in the remainder of the description, a composition of the above kind may be pumped with aspiration pressures less than or equal to 180 bar and may be used to prepare a material suitable for producing glass furnace hearths. According to other features of the composition according to the invention: - said basic mixture contains: - AI2O3: 45 - 65% by weight. - ZrO2: 20 - 35% by weight, - SiO2: 12 - 20% by weight; - said composition further comprises 4 to 5,5% of water relative to the total weight of said basic mixture; - the fraction of the particles of said basic mixture having a size less than 500 m represents more than 50% by weight of said basic mixture; - the fraction of the particles of said basic mixture having a size from 40 to 500 m is from 15 to 30% by weight of said basic mixture; - said refractory material particles contain 3 to 5% of fumed silica; - the fraction of the particles of said basic mixture having a size of less than 40 m is distributed in the following manner relative to the weight of said basic mixture: - fraction 5% by weight, - fraction 10% by weight, - fraction 22% by weight, - fraction 3 - the proportion of silica in the frsction of said particles of said basic mixture having a size Jess than 500 m is less than or equal to 16% by weight relative to the total weight of said fraction; - the proportion of silica in the fraction of said particles of said basic mixture having a size less than 500 m is less than or equal to 14.5% by weight relative to the total weight of said fraction; - the proportion of silica in the fraction of said particles of said basic mixture having a size less than 40 m is less than or equal to 14.5% by weight of the total weight of said fraction; - said basic mixture comprises 3 to 5% by weight of said hydraulic cement; - said composition comprises 0.01 to 0.15% by weight of a hardening accelerator relative to the weight of said basic mixture; - said surface-active agent is a compound from the family of modified polycarboxylates. The invention also provides a refractory product obtained by sintering a refractory composition according to the invention. According to other features of a refractory product according to the invention: - ((Lmax - L1350) / L) - the refractory product has a maximum expansion temperature (Tdmax) greater than 1100°C. Said particles (a) of fused cast refractory material may consist of refractory materials having diverse chemical analyses. The particle size distributions of the particles may also differ according to the material constituting them provided that the overall particle size constraints imposed by the invention are complied with. Various refractory materials may be used to obtain the particles (a), for example sourced from: - electrofused refractory products such as the ER-1681 and ER-1711 products manufactured and sold by the Societe Europeenne des Produrts Refractaires; these two products, fisted as "AZS particles" in table 1 (because of their contents of AI2O3l ZrO2 and SiO2), contain the following percentages by weight, based on oxides: 32 to 54% of ZrO2, 36 to 51% of AI2O3, 2 to 16% of SiO2 and 0.2 to 1.5% of Na2O; - fused mullite refractory products, listed as "mullite" in table 1, for example a powder that contains 76.5% of Al2O3 and 22.5% of SiO2 and in which the particle size 4 varies from 0.7 to 1.5 mm; - products with a high content of zirconia, listed as "zirconia" in table 1, such as the CS10 product from the Societe Europeenne des Produits Refractaires; this product contains more than 99% of ZrO2 and the median diameter (D50) of the zirconia particles is 3.5 m; - reactive alumina, or a mixture of reactive aluminas, containing more than 99% of AI2O3, the median diameter of the reactive alumina particles varying from 0.5 urn to 3 m; - electrofuped alumina with a particle size from 0.04 to 0.5 mm; -silica such as "fumed silica" from the Societe Europeenne des Produits Refractaires; this vitreous silica contains more than 93% silica (SiO2) and takes the form of a powder whose particle size ranges from 0.1 to 5 m with a median diameter of 0.5 m. The presence of this species advantageously reduces the quantity of water needed to make the refractory composition pourable. It appears that the very fine particles of silica are well distributed in the composition and produce a good bond in the sintered final product. For this purpose, it is considered necessary to have from 3 to 5% of fumed silica in the composition. The hydraulic cement, refered to as (b), constitutes from 1 to 6% by weight of the basic mixture (a)+(b), and preferably 3 to 5% by weight thereof. The hydraulic cement (b) may be an aluminous cement or a mixture of different cements. To limit the content of lime (CaO), it is preferred to use a cement with a high alumina content, such as the CA25 cement from the company Alcoa, which contains more than 78% of Al2O3 and less than 19% of CaO. The particles of CA25 have a median diameter of approximately 8 m. To produce the basic mixture (a)+(b) used for the refractory composition of the invention, particles of (a) and (b) are mixed in proportions of 94 to 99% by weight and 1 to 6% by weight, respectively, so that, in the resulting basic composition, 30 to 45% by weight of the particles have a size less than 40 m, at least 16% by weight of the particles have a size less than 10 m, at least 8% by weight of the particles have a size less than 2 m, and at least 4% by weight of the particles have a size less than 0.5 urn. It is clear that particles having a size less than 10 m are included in the 30 to 45% of particles having a size less than 40 m, that particles having a size less than 2 m are included in the particles having a size less than 40 m and in those having a size less than 10 m, etc. 5 The refractory composition of the invention further includes organic fibers (c) in a proportion of 0.02 to 0.08% by weight of the total weight of (a) and (b). These fibers are polypropylene, polyacrylonitrite or polyvinyl alcohol fibers, for example, the mean length of which varies from 18 to 24 mm. The presence of organic fibers improves the strength of the raw composition and prevents the appearance of cracks on drying. Moreover, the organic fibers (c) are eliminated during the phase of raising the temperature of the furnace, thereby creating a network of small passages allowing more effective evacuation of water. For these reasons it is necessary to have at least 0.02% of fibers relative to the total weight of the basic composition. On the other hand, beyond 0.08%, the proportion of fibers becomes too great for the composition to be pumped. The refractory composition according to the invention further contains at least one surface-active agent (d) in a proportion of 0.1 to 1% of the total weight of (a) and (b). The function of the surface-active agent is to modify the rheologscal properties of the composition to make it easier to pump. Modified polycarboxylate surface-active agents are preferably used. The refractory composition of the invention preferably further contains at least one hardening accelerator (e) for compositions using a hydraulic cement, in a proportion of 0.01 to 0.15% relative to the total weight of (a) and (b). Such hardening accelerators are known to the person skilled in the art. The refractory composition takes the form of a powder that is easy to handle. To use the composition of the invention, the various constituents are mixed intimately with a quantity of water (f) varying from 4 to 5.5% by weight relative to the total (a)+(b). This mixture, which is itself a refractory composition according to the invention, may advantageously be pumped directly into the glass furnace using a piston pump, for example to form the sub-layer of the hearth. It may then simply be poured or puddled using a vibrating beam. The mixture remains at ambient temperature. Subsequent heating of the furnace then sinters the mixture. The refractory composition of the invention may also be used to fabricate parts with standard dimensions that are assembled into glass furnaces. The following nonlimiting examples are intended to illustrate the invention. Various basic mixtures (a)+(b) are mixed with organic fibers (c), a surface-active agent (d) and water (f) to obtain refractory compositions 1 to 16. Table 1 gives the composition of the corresponding 16 basic mixtures 6 (a)+(b), It also indicates the particle size distribution of the AZS particles used in these basic mixtures. Finally, it gives the contents of AI2O3, ZrO2 and SiO2 of the materials obtained from the refractory compositions 1 to 18. These contents are substantially equal to the contents of AI2O3, ZrO2 and SiO2 in the corresponding basic mixtures (a)+(b). Table 2 gives the compositions of the refractory compositions 1 to 16. Pumping of these refractory compositions is attempted using a PUTZMEISTER BSA 1002 pump. In the table, "P" designates the aspiration pressure necessary for pumping. The refractory compositions 1 to 16 are then used to fabricate refractory slabs. A sample is taken from each of the refractory slabs to evaluate expansion behavior. Given the contents of Al2O3, ZrO2 and SiO2, the materials of these refractory slabs belong to the AZS family. Consequently, when the samples are heated to 1350°C, they expand up to a maximum expansion temperature Tdmax and then contract. The temperature Tdmax and the expansion L% are measured. L% is equal to the ratio of the difference of the lengths Lmax and L1350 of the sample at Tdmax at 1350°C, respectively, to the original length L of the sample at an ambient temperature of approximately 20°C, in other words: L%= (Lmax - L1350) /L The expansion of a refractory material generates thermomechanical stresses that may cause cracks. It is therefore preferable for the maximum expansion temperature Tdmax to be close to the operating temperature, which is generally from 1250 to 1300°C. Table 3 gives the results of tests carried out on the samples obtained from the refractory compositions 1 to 16, the silica (SiO2) contents of the 0-500 m and 0-40 m fractions of the basic mixtures (a)+(b) used to fabricate the samples, and the particle size distribution of the basic mixtures (a)+(b). In table 1, the AZS particles are obtained by grinding a refractory product comprising: 51 % by weight of AI2O3, 33% by weight of ZrO2 and 15% by weight of SiO2. The prior art composition 1 serves as a reference composition. It corresponds to the ERSOL product from the Societe Europeenne des Products Refractaires. This product is an unshaped refractory that is useful for filling the joints between the blocks or slabs and/or for forming the layer in glass furnaces underlying the slabs, called the bed. In table 2, the surface-active agent "A" is a long-chain sodium polyphosphate and the surface-active agents "8" and "C" are compounds from the family of modified polycarboxylates. The choice of a surface-active agent from the surface-active agents usually employed by the person skilled in the art is guided by the results of simple tests, as described in the present application, as a function of the required performance (pumpable nature of the refractory composition, expansion properties of the refractory material obtained). From table 3, the improvement in the pumpability of a composition depends on the distribution of the particles in the various particle size ranges less than 40 urn. It is observed that the following distribution, as a percentage by weight relative to the weight of the basic mixture, advantageously makes the refractory position pumpable with an aspiration pressure less than 120 bar: - fraction 4%, - fraction 8%, - fraction 16%, - fraction It is thought that this kind of representation of the various fractions yields a homogeneous arrangement and more compact packing of the various particles. Moreover, it may equally be assumed that the high content (from 30 to 45% in the case of the invention) of particles with a size less than 40 m, called "ultrafine" particles, enables larger particles to slide and roll on each other, which would supposedly improve flow and prevent the phenomenon of drying out, i.e. the separation of the coarsest particles and the finest particles. Table 1 further shows that, in the basic mixtures (a)+(b) of pumpable refractory compositions, the proportion of fine particles, i.e. those whose size is from 40 to 500 m, is from 15 to 30% by weight of the total weight (a)+(b). In these basic mixtures, the fraction The particle size distribution of ultrafine particles in the basic mixture (a)+(b) as a percentage by weight relative to the weight of the basic mixture is preferably as follows: - fraction 5%, fraction 10%, - fraction 22%, - fraction 30%. In table 3, it is also seen that the refractory materials obtained from the compositions 8, 10 and 16 advantageously have an improved expansion behavior (significant reduction of L% and/or increase in Tdmax) compared to the refractory 8 material produced from the reference composition 1. Moreover, the refractory materials produced from the compositions 5, 7, 9, 12 and 13 advantageously have very good expansion behavior. For these materials, L% is less than or equal to 0.5% and Tdmax is greater than or equal to 1100°C. These expansion behaviors seem to be linked to the proportion of silica in the fraction of fine and ultrafine particles (passing through a 500 m and a 40 urn mesh, respectively). Note that, in the proportion of fine particles (passing through a 500 m mesh), the silica content should preferably be less than or equal to 16% by weight and more preferably less than or equal to 14.5% by weight. The silica content of the fraction of ultrafine particles (passing through 40 urn mesh) should preferably be lese than or equal to 14.5% by weight. Finally, table 3 indicates that the refractory materials produced from compositions of the invention contain: - Al2O3: 45 - 65% by weight, - ZrO2: 20 - 35% by weight, - SiO2: 12 - 20% by weight. Corrosion tests have also confirmed that the behavior of refractory products of the invention is not degraded relative to that of the reference refractory product from test 1. In particular, the corrosion indices of refractory products resulting from tests 1 and 13 in alkali-lime glass at 1350oC are substantially equal Finally, the refractory product resulting from test 13 has not shown any tendency to generate more defects (bubbles or stones) than the reference refractory products resulting from test 1. Table 1: Composition of basic mixtures used to produce the refractory compositions 1 to 16 10 Tablel: Refractory compositions 1 to 16 Table 3; Results of tests carried out on materials obtained from refractory compositions 1 to 16 Silica content in % by weight relative to the fraction concerned. 11 WE CLAIM : 1. Unshaped refractory composition, in particular for producing glass furnace hearths, characterized in that it comprises a basic mixture comprising: -1 to 6% by weight of a hydraulic cement, and - 94 to 99% by weight of particles of at least one refractory material whose main constituents are alumina (AI2O3), zirconia (ZrO2) and silica (SiO2), the fraction of the particles of said basic mixture having a size less than 40 urn being distributed in the following manner relative to the weight of said basic mixture: - fraction 4% by weight - fraction 5% by weight - fraction 16% by weight - fraction said refractory composition further comprising, relative to the weight of said basic mixture, - 0.02 to 0.08% by weight of organic fibers, and - 0.075 to 1% by weight of a surface-active agent. 2. Composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fraction of the particles of said basic mixture having a size less than 40 m is distributed in the following manner relative to the weight of said basic mixture: - fraction 4% by weight, - fraction 8% by weight, - fraction 16% by weight, - fraction 3. Composition as claimed in either claim 1 or claim 2, wherein it comprises 0.1 to 1% by weight of said surface-active agent relative to the weight of said basic mixture. 4. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein said basic mixture contains: - 12 - - AI2O3: 45 - 65% by weight, - ZrO2: 20 - 35% by weight, - SiO2: 12 - 20% by weight. 5. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein it further comprises 4 to 5.5% of water relative to the total weight of said basic mixture. 6. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the fraction of the particles of said basic mixture having a size less than 500 m represents more than 50% by weight of said basic mixture. 7. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the fraction of the particles of said basic mixture, having a size from 40 to 500 m is from 15 to 30% by weight of said basic mixture. 8. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein said refractory material particles contain 3 to 5% of fumed silica. 9. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the fraction of the particles of said basic mixture having a size of less than 40 m is distributed in the following manner relative to the weight of said basic mixture: - fraction 5% by weight, - fraction 10% by weight, - fraction 22% by weight, - fraction 10. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the proportion of silica in the fraction of said particles of said basic mixture having a size less than 500 m is less than or equal to 16% by weight relative to the total weight of said fraction. 11. Composition as claimed in claim 10, wherein the proportion of silica in the fraction of said particles of said basic mixture having a size less than 500 m is less than or equal to 14.5% by weight relative to the total weight of said fraction. 12. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the proportion of silica in the fraction of said particles of said basic mixture having a size less than 40 m is less than or equal to 14.5% by weight of the total weight of 13 said fraction. 13. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein said basic mixture comprises 3 to 5% by weight of said hydraulic cement. 14. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein it comprises 0.01 to 0.15% by weight of a hardening accelerator relative to the weight of said basic mixture. 15. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein said surface- active agent is a compound from the family of modified polycarboxylates. 16. Refractory product obtained by sintering a refractory composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 15. 17. Refractory product as claimed in claim 16, wherein ((Lmax-L1350)/L) where L, Lmax and L1350 designate the length of a sample of said product at ambient temperature, at a maximum expansion temperature, and at a temperature of 1350°C, respectively. 18. Refractory product as claimed in either claim 16 or claim 17, characterized in that it has a maximum expansion temperature (Tdmax) greater than 1100°C. The invention concerns an unwrought refractory composition, in particular for producing glass furnace hearths, characterized in that it comprises a base mixture comprising in wt. % : 1 to 6% of a hydraulic cement, and 94 to 99% of particles of at least a refractory material mainly consisting of alumina (Al2O3), zirconia (ZrO2) and silica (SiO2), the fraction of the particles of said base mixture having a size less than 40 m being distributed in wt.% relative to the weight of said base mixture, as follows: fraction 4% ; fraction 5 %; fraction 16%; fraction

Full Text

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Unwrought refractory composition, in particular for producing glass furnace hearths
The present invention relates to an unshaped refractory composition, in particular for producing glass furnace hearths. The expression "refractory composition" means a composition for producing a refractory material.
The glass industry usually employs for the construction of its furnaces blocks or slabs of fused cast or bonded refractory products that are highly resistant to corrosion by glass.
To prevent infiltration of molten glass between the blocks or slabs, it is sometimes necessary to use unshaped refractory materials to joint the blocks or slabs. The problem is particularly acute in connection with the hearths of glass furnaces, where infiltration of glass between the slabs causes corrosion of the materials used to form the layer underlying the slabs, called the bed, followed by corrosion of the slabs themselves.
The patent FR-B-2458520 describes a refractory composition for producing this kind of unshaped refractory material. This refractory composition, based on particles of a fused cast refractory material containing a vitreous matrix, is widely used but has the drawback that, after it is moistened, it cannot be pumped by pumps producing aspiration pressures less than or equal to 180 bar.
Pumpable refractory compositions used for jointing metal furnace blocks are known in the art. However, the constraints in that application are very different from those encountered in the application to glass furnaces. The conditions of corrosion of the furnaces by a molten glass or metal are also different.
Certain impurities, tolerated in furnaces for producing metals, are unacceptable for the fabrication of glass. In particular, the refractory materials used in glass furnaces must not generate faults such as leaching of stones through fragmentation of the refractory material into the bath of molten glass or the production of bubbles. Thus a refractory composition intended for a furnace for producing metals is not, a priori, suitable for a furnace for making glass.
There is therefore a need for refractory compositions that may be used in glass furnaces and pumped more easily than the prior art compositions.
The present invention aims to satisfy this need. The invention relates more particularly to an unshaped refractory composition, in particular for producing glass furnace hearths, that is noteworthy in that it comprises a basic mixture comprising:
-1 to 6% by weight of a hydraulic cement, and
- 94 to 99% by weight of particles of at least one refractory material whose main constituents are alumina (AI2O3), zirconia (ZrO2) and silica (SiO2),

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the fraction of the particles of said basic mixture having a size less than 40 m being distributed in the following manner relative to the weight of said basic mixture;
- fraction 4% by weight
- fraction - fraction 16% by weight
- fraction said refractory composition further comprising, relative to the weight of said basic mixture,
- 0.02 to 0.08% by weight of organic fibers, and
- 0.075 to 1% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight, of a surface-active
agent.
The expression "main constituents" means the majority constituents, i.e. those with the highest proportions by weight.
As will emerge in more detail in the remainder of the description, a composition of the above kind may be pumped with aspiration pressures less than or equal to 180 bar and may be used to prepare a material suitable for producing glass furnace hearths.
According to other features of the composition according to the invention:
- said basic mixture contains:
- AI2O3: 45 - 65% by weight.
- ZrO2: 20 - 35% by weight,
- SiO2: 12 - 20% by weight;

- said composition further comprises 4 to 5,5% of water relative to the total
weight of said basic mixture;
- the fraction of the particles of said basic mixture having a size less than
500 m represents more than 50% by weight of said basic mixture;
- the fraction of the particles of said basic mixture having a size from 40 to
500 m is from 15 to 30% by weight of said basic mixture;
- said refractory material particles contain 3 to 5% of fumed silica;
- the fraction of the particles of said basic mixture having a size of less than
40 m is distributed in the following manner relative to the weight of said basic
mixture:

- fraction 5% by weight,
- fraction 10% by weight,
- fraction 22% by weight,
- fraction
3
- the proportion of silica in the frsction of said particles of said basic mixture
having a size Jess than 500 m is less than or equal to 16% by weight relative to the
total weight of said fraction;
- the proportion of silica in the fraction of said particles of said basic mixture
having a size less than 500 m is less than or equal to 14.5% by weight relative to the
total weight of said fraction;
- the proportion of silica in the fraction of said particles of said basic mixture
having a size less than 40 m is less than or equal to 14.5% by weight of the total
weight of said fraction;
- said basic mixture comprises 3 to 5% by weight of said hydraulic cement;

- said composition comprises 0.01 to 0.15% by weight of a hardening
accelerator relative to the weight of said basic mixture;
- said surface-active agent is a compound from the family of modified
polycarboxylates.
The invention also provides a refractory product obtained by sintering a refractory composition according to the invention.
According to other features of a refractory product according to the invention: - ((Lmax - L1350) / L) - the refractory product has a maximum expansion temperature (Tdmax)
greater than 1100°C.
Said particles (a) of fused cast refractory material may consist of refractory materials having diverse chemical analyses. The particle size distributions of the particles may also differ according to the material constituting them provided that the overall particle size constraints imposed by the invention are complied with.
Various refractory materials may be used to obtain the particles (a), for example sourced from:
- electrofused refractory products such as the ER-1681 and ER-1711
products manufactured and sold by the Societe Europeenne des Produrts
Refractaires; these two products, fisted as "AZS particles" in table 1 (because of their
contents of AI2O3l ZrO2 and SiO2), contain the following percentages by weight, based
on oxides: 32 to 54% of ZrO2, 36 to 51% of AI2O3, 2 to 16% of SiO2 and 0.2 to 1.5%
of Na2O;
- fused mullite refractory products, listed as "mullite" in table 1, for example a
powder that contains 76.5% of Al2O3 and 22.5% of SiO2 and in which the particle size

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varies from 0.7 to 1.5 mm;
- products with a high content of zirconia, listed as "zirconia" in table 1, such
as the CS10 product from the Societe Europeenne des Produits Refractaires; this
product contains more than 99% of ZrO2 and the median diameter (D50) of the
zirconia particles is 3.5 m;
- reactive alumina, or a mixture of reactive aluminas, containing more than
99% of AI2O3, the median diameter of the reactive alumina particles varying from
0.5 urn to 3 m;
- electrofuped alumina with a particle size from 0.04 to 0.5 mm;
-silica such as "fumed silica" from the Societe Europeenne des Produits Refractaires; this vitreous silica contains more than 93% silica (SiO2) and takes the form of a powder whose particle size ranges from 0.1 to 5 m with a median diameter of 0.5 m.
The presence of this species advantageously reduces the quantity of water needed to make the refractory composition pourable. It appears that the very fine particles of silica are well distributed in the composition and produce a good bond in the sintered final product. For this purpose, it is considered necessary to have from 3 to 5% of fumed silica in the composition.
The hydraulic cement, refered to as (b), constitutes from 1 to 6% by weight of the basic mixture (a)+(b), and preferably 3 to 5% by weight thereof. The hydraulic cement (b) may be an aluminous cement or a mixture of different cements. To limit the content of lime (CaO), it is preferred to use a cement with a high alumina content, such as the CA25 cement from the company Alcoa, which contains more than 78% of Al2O3 and less than 19% of CaO. The particles of CA25 have a median diameter of approximately 8 m.
To produce the basic mixture (a)+(b) used for the refractory composition of the invention, particles of (a) and (b) are mixed in proportions of 94 to 99% by weight and 1 to 6% by weight, respectively, so that, in the resulting basic composition, 30 to 45% by weight of the particles have a size less than 40 m, at least 16% by weight of the particles have a size less than 10 m, at least 8% by weight of the particles have a size less than 2 m, and at least 4% by weight of the particles have a size less than 0.5 urn.
It is clear that particles having a size less than 10 m are included in the 30 to 45% of particles having a size less than 40 m, that particles having a size less than 2 m are included in the particles having a size less than 40 m and in those having a size less than 10 m, etc.

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The refractory composition of the invention further includes organic fibers (c) in a proportion of 0.02 to 0.08% by weight of the total weight of (a) and (b). These fibers are polypropylene, polyacrylonitrite or polyvinyl alcohol fibers, for example, the mean length of which varies from 18 to 24 mm.
The presence of organic fibers improves the strength of the raw composition and prevents the appearance of cracks on drying. Moreover, the organic fibers (c) are eliminated during the phase of raising the temperature of the furnace, thereby creating a network of small passages allowing more effective evacuation of water.
For these reasons it is necessary to have at least 0.02% of fibers relative to the total weight of the basic composition. On the other hand, beyond 0.08%, the proportion of fibers becomes too great for the composition to be pumped.
The refractory composition according to the invention further contains at least one surface-active agent (d) in a proportion of 0.1 to 1% of the total weight of (a) and (b). The function of the surface-active agent is to modify the rheologscal properties of the composition to make it easier to pump.
Modified polycarboxylate surface-active agents are preferably used.
The refractory composition of the invention preferably further contains at least one hardening accelerator (e) for compositions using a hydraulic cement, in a proportion of 0.01 to 0.15% relative to the total weight of (a) and (b). Such hardening accelerators are known to the person skilled in the art.
The refractory composition takes the form of a powder that is easy to handle.
To use the composition of the invention, the various constituents are mixed intimately with a quantity of water (f) varying from 4 to 5.5% by weight relative to the total (a)+(b).
This mixture, which is itself a refractory composition according to the invention, may advantageously be pumped directly into the glass furnace using a piston pump, for example to form the sub-layer of the hearth. It may then simply be poured or puddled using a vibrating beam.
The mixture remains at ambient temperature. Subsequent heating of the furnace then sinters the mixture.
The refractory composition of the invention may also be used to fabricate parts with standard dimensions that are assembled into glass furnaces.
The following nonlimiting examples are intended to illustrate the invention.
Various basic mixtures (a)+(b) are mixed with organic fibers (c), a surface-active agent (d) and water (f) to obtain refractory compositions 1 to 16.
Table 1 gives the composition of the corresponding 16 basic mixtures

6
(a)+(b), It also indicates the particle size distribution of the AZS particles used in these basic mixtures. Finally, it gives the contents of AI2O3, ZrO2 and SiO2 of the materials obtained from the refractory compositions 1 to 18. These contents are substantially equal to the contents of AI2O3, ZrO2 and SiO2 in the corresponding basic mixtures (a)+(b).
Table 2 gives the compositions of the refractory compositions 1 to 16.
Pumping of these refractory compositions is attempted using a PUTZMEISTER BSA 1002 pump. In the table, "P" designates the aspiration pressure necessary for pumping.
The refractory compositions 1 to 16 are then used to fabricate refractory slabs.
A sample is taken from each of the refractory slabs to evaluate expansion behavior. Given the contents of Al2O3, ZrO2 and SiO2, the materials of these refractory slabs belong to the AZS family. Consequently, when the samples are heated to 1350°C, they expand up to a maximum expansion temperature Tdmax and then contract. The temperature Tdmax and the expansion L% are measured.
L% is equal to the ratio of the difference of the lengths Lmax and L1350 of the sample at Tdmax at 1350°C, respectively, to the original length L of the sample at an ambient temperature of approximately 20°C, in other words: L%= (Lmax - L1350) /L
The expansion of a refractory material generates thermomechanical stresses that may cause cracks. It is therefore preferable for the maximum expansion temperature Tdmax to be close to the operating temperature, which is generally from 1250 to 1300°C.
Table 3 gives the results of tests carried out on the samples obtained from the refractory compositions 1 to 16, the silica (SiO2) contents of the 0-500 m and 0-40 m fractions of the basic mixtures (a)+(b) used to fabricate the samples, and the particle size distribution of the basic mixtures (a)+(b).
In table 1, the AZS particles are obtained by grinding a refractory product comprising: 51 % by weight of AI2O3, 33% by weight of ZrO2 and 15% by weight of SiO2.
The prior art composition 1 serves as a reference composition. It corresponds to the ERSOL product from the Societe Europeenne des Products Refractaires. This product is an unshaped refractory that is useful for filling the joints between the blocks or slabs and/or for forming the layer in glass furnaces underlying the slabs, called the bed. In table 2, the surface-active agent "A" is a long-chain sodium polyphosphate and the surface-active agents "8" and "C" are compounds from the family of modified polycarboxylates.

The choice of a surface-active agent from the surface-active agents usually employed by the person skilled in the art is guided by the results of simple tests, as described in the present application, as a function of the required performance (pumpable nature of the refractory composition, expansion properties of the refractory material obtained).
From table 3, the improvement in the pumpability of a composition depends on the distribution of the particles in the various particle size ranges less than 40 urn. It is observed that the following distribution, as a percentage by weight relative to the weight of the basic mixture, advantageously makes the refractory position pumpable with an aspiration pressure less than 120 bar:
- fraction 4%,
- fraction 8%,
- fraction 16%,
- fraction It is thought that this kind of representation of the various fractions yields a homogeneous arrangement and more compact packing of the various particles.
Moreover, it may equally be assumed that the high content (from 30 to 45% in the case of the invention) of particles with a size less than 40 m, called "ultrafine" particles, enables larger particles to slide and roll on each other, which would supposedly improve flow and prevent the phenomenon of drying out, i.e. the separation of the coarsest particles and the finest particles.
Table 1 further shows that, in the basic mixtures (a)+(b) of pumpable refractory compositions, the proportion of fine particles, i.e. those whose size is from 40 to 500 m, is from 15 to 30% by weight of the total weight (a)+(b). In these basic mixtures, the fraction The particle size distribution of ultrafine particles in the basic mixture (a)+(b) as a percentage by weight relative to the weight of the basic mixture is preferably as follows:
- fraction 5%,
fraction 10%,
- fraction 22%,
- fraction 30%.
In table 3, it is also seen that the refractory materials obtained from the compositions 8, 10 and 16 advantageously have an improved expansion behavior (significant reduction of L% and/or increase in Tdmax) compared to the refractory

8
material produced from the reference composition 1.
Moreover, the refractory materials produced from the compositions 5, 7, 9, 12 and 13 advantageously have very good expansion behavior. For these materials, L% is less than or equal to 0.5% and Tdmax is greater than or equal to 1100°C.
These expansion behaviors seem to be linked to the proportion of silica in the fraction of fine and ultrafine particles (passing through a 500 m and a 40 urn mesh, respectively). Note that, in the proportion of fine particles (passing through a 500 m mesh), the silica content should preferably be less than or equal to 16% by weight and more preferably less than or equal to 14.5% by weight.
The silica content of the fraction of ultrafine particles (passing through 40 urn mesh) should preferably be lese than or equal to 14.5% by weight.
Finally, table 3 indicates that the refractory materials produced from compositions of the invention contain:
- Al2O3: 45 - 65% by weight,
- ZrO2: 20 - 35% by weight,
- SiO2: 12 - 20% by weight.
Corrosion tests have also confirmed that the behavior of refractory products of the invention is not degraded relative to that of the reference refractory product from test 1. In particular, the corrosion indices of refractory products resulting from tests 1 and 13 in alkali-lime glass at 1350oC are substantially equal
Finally, the refractory product resulting from test 13 has not shown any tendency to generate more defects (bubbles or stones) than the reference refractory products resulting from test 1.

Table 1: Composition of basic mixtures used to produce the refractory compositions 1 to 16

10
Tablel: Refractory compositions 1 to 16

Table 3; Results of tests carried out on materials obtained from refractory compositions 1 to 16

Silica content in % by weight relative to the fraction concerned.

11
WE CLAIM :
1. Unshaped refractory composition, in particular for producing glass furnace hearths, characterized in that it comprises a basic mixture comprising:
-1 to 6% by weight of a hydraulic cement, and
- 94 to 99% by weight of particles of at least one refractory material whose
main constituents are alumina (AI2O3), zirconia (ZrO2) and silica (SiO2),
the fraction of the particles of said basic mixture having a size less than 40 urn
being distributed in the following manner relative to the weight of said basic
mixture:
- fraction 4% by weight
- fraction 5% by weight
- fraction 16% by weight
- fraction said refractory composition further comprising, relative to the weight of said basic mixture,
- 0.02 to 0.08% by weight of organic fibers, and
- 0.075 to 1% by weight of a surface-active agent.
2. Composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fraction of the particles of
said basic mixture having a size less than 40 m is distributed in the following
manner relative to the weight of said basic mixture:
- fraction 4% by weight,
- fraction 8% by weight,
- fraction 16% by weight,
- fraction
3. Composition as claimed in either claim 1 or claim 2, wherein it comprises 0.1
to 1% by weight of said surface-active agent relative to the weight of said basic
mixture.
4. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein said basic
mixture contains:

- 12 -
- AI2O3: 45 - 65% by weight,
- ZrO2: 20 - 35% by weight,
- SiO2: 12 - 20% by weight.

5. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein it further
comprises 4 to 5.5% of water relative to the total weight of said basic mixture.
6. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the fraction of
the particles of said basic mixture having a size less than 500 m represents
more than 50% by weight of said basic mixture.
7. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the fraction of
the particles of said basic mixture, having a size from 40 to 500 m is from 15 to
30% by weight of said basic mixture.
8. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein said
refractory material particles contain 3 to 5% of fumed silica.
9. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the fraction of
the particles of said basic mixture having a size of less than 40 m is distributed
in the following manner relative to the weight of said basic mixture:

- fraction 5% by weight,
- fraction 10% by weight,
- fraction 22% by weight,
- fraction
10. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the proportion
of silica in the fraction of said particles of said basic mixture having a size less than
500 m is less than or equal to 16% by weight relative to the total weight of said
fraction.
11. Composition as claimed in claim 10, wherein the proportion of silica in the
fraction of said particles of said basic mixture having a size less than 500 m is
less than or equal to 14.5% by weight relative to the total weight of said fraction.
12. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the
proportion of silica in the fraction of said particles of said basic mixture having a
size less than 40 m is less than or equal to 14.5% by weight of the total weight of

13
said fraction.
13. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein said basic mixture comprises 3 to 5% by weight of said hydraulic cement.
14. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein it comprises
0.01 to 0.15% by weight of a hardening accelerator relative to the weight of said
basic mixture.
15. Composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein said surface-
active agent is a compound from the family of modified polycarboxylates.
16. Refractory product obtained by sintering a refractory composition as claimed
in any of claims 1 to 15.
17. Refractory product as claimed in claim 16, wherein
((Lmax-L1350)/L) where L, Lmax and L1350 designate the length of a sample of said product at ambient temperature, at a maximum expansion temperature, and at a temperature of 1350°C, respectively.
18. Refractory product as claimed in either claim 16 or claim 17, characterized in
that it has a maximum expansion temperature (Tdmax) greater than 1100°C.
The invention concerns an unwrought refractory composition, in particular for producing glass furnace hearths, characterized in that it comprises a base mixture comprising in wt. % : 1 to 6% of a hydraulic cement, and 94 to 99% of particles of at least a refractory material mainly consisting of alumina (Al2O3), zirconia (ZrO2) and silica (SiO2), the fraction of the particles of said base mixture having a size less than 40 m being distributed in wt.% relative to the weight of said base mixture, as follows: fraction 4% ; fraction 5 %; fraction 16%; fraction

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Patent Number

207389

Indian Patent Application Number

00657/KOLNP/2004

PG Journal Number

23/2007

Publication Date

08-Jun-2007

Grant Date

08-Jun-2007

Date of Filing

20-May-2004

Name of Patentee

SAINT GOBAIN CENTRE DE RECHERCHES ET D'ETUDES EUROPEEEN,

Applicant Address

"LES MIROIRS", 18 AVENUE D'ALSACE, F-92400, COURBEVOIE,

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	GUIGONIS JACQUES MARIUS LOUIS	250 CHEMIN DU PUY REDOU, F-84210 PERNES,
2	CONSALES, THIERRY CLAUDE	623, ROUTE DEL PERNES, F-84210 ALTHEN DES PALUDS,

PCT International Classification Number

C04B35/66

PCT International Application Number

PCT/FR02/03950

PCT International Filing date

2002-11-19

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	01/15017	2001-11-20	France