Title of Invention	"AN IMPROVED TEAT CUP ASSEMBLY"
Abstract	An improved teat cup (1) assembly for use with a milking machine for milking cows, comprising : a shell (2), an inflation (3) comprising a hollow tubular barrel (16) disposed within the tubular body of the shell (2), the barrel (16) defining a teat-receiving region and reinforcing means for predetermining a desired massage profile for the barrel (16), is characterised in man. the reinforcing means comprises a plurality of spaced, axially extending interconnections (26, 27) between the barrel (16) and the shell (2) for attaching them together and for defining a plurality of vacuum chamber sections surrounding the barrel (16), each section being defined by the space between adjacent interconnections, each of the interconnections having a lower end axially spaced from the lower end of the shell so that the vacuum chamber sections communicate with each other to form a single vacuum chamber (24).

Title of Invention

"AN IMPROVED TEAT CUP ASSEMBLY"

Abstract

An improved teat cup (1) assembly for use with a milking machine for milking cows, comprising : a shell (2), an inflation (3) comprising a hollow tubular barrel (16) disposed within the tubular body of the shell (2), the barrel (16) defining a teat-receiving region and reinforcing means for predetermining a desired massage profile for the barrel (16), is characterised in man. the reinforcing means comprises a plurality of spaced, axially extending interconnections (26, 27) between the barrel (16) and the shell (2) for attaching them together and for defining a plurality of vacuum chamber sections surrounding the barrel (16), each section being defined by the space between adjacent interconnections, each of the interconnections having a lower end axially spaced from the lower end of the shell so that the vacuum chamber sections communicate with each other to form a single vacuum chamber (24).

Full Text	AN IMPROVED TEAT CUP ASSEMBLY BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improved teat cup assembly for vacuum operated milking machines, and more particularly to an inflation for use in a teat cup assembly having a predetermined collapsed massage profile. Conventional automatic milking machines utilize teat cup assemblies for milking cows. A typical teat cup assembly includes a hollow, rigid outer shell or cup adapted to be attached to a pulsating vacuum line, and an elongated, flexible, resilient, tubular inflation which fits inside the shell and is coupled with a constant vacuum source. Typically, the inflation includes an upper mouth, a barrel defining a teat receiving region, and a milk tube section which extends downwardly out of the shell or cup and is attached to a milk claw for collecting milk. The upper mouth as well as the milk tube section are both sealingly. engaged with the upper and lower ends of the shell, respectively, to form an annular vacuum chamber surrounding the barrel between the shell and the inflation. As previously noted, since the shell is attached to a pulsating vacuum line, the pressure in this annular chamber is alternated between subatmospheric pressure and atmospheric pressure. The constant vacuum applied to the lower milking tube section of the inflation draws milk from the cow's teat while at the same time the alternating pressure in the annular chamber periodically causes inward collapse of the barrel wall of the inflation or liner resulting in a massaging action of the teat. Also, the periodic collapse of the barrel intermittently relieves the teat from exposure of the constant vacuum applied to the interior of the inflation, and thus advantageously avoids complications such as inflammation of the teat as well as a tendency to induce mastitis. -1 - Inflations are typically composed of elastorneric materials due to the resilient nature of such materials, i.e. their capability of recovering to their original size and shape after repeated deformation. Inflations are most often made from a natural or synthetic rubber composition, e.g. silicone rubbers have been proposed and used in certain circumstances. Each of these materials have their own unique advantages and disadvantages. For example, natural or synthetic rubber compositions are more resistant to tearing or ripping, but are subject to attack by oils, butterfats, teat treatment preparations and other chemicals used in the milking process. On the other hand, silicone rubbers are substantially less vulnerable to attack by such chemicals, and thus, have relatively long useful life. However, silicone rubber tends to tear and puncture more easily than rubber. It is also known that due to manufacturing tolerances and as a result of different manufacturing techniques, inflations composed of the same material do not always have identical collapsed massage profiles. In other words, the dynamics of an inflation used in one teat cup assembly may be significantly different from what appears to be an identical inflation used in another teat cup assembly. Thus, it would be an advantage in the art to provide a teat cup assembly which utilizes an inflation having a predetermined and desired massage profile. Such an assembly would override any Inherent manufacturing tolerances and/or defects from one inflation to the next. Typical teat cup assemblies are shown in CH-A-85551 and US-A-2502362. In an attempt to overcome the problems discussed, these have inflations (liners) provided with ribs which divide the space between the assembly shell and the inflation into separate chambers. Vacuum is alternately applied to these chambers, -2- but this provides irregular massaging of a teat, leading to poor milk flow and possible complications with the teat. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to this invention there is provided an improved teat cup assembly for use with a milking machine for milking cows, comprising : a shell comprising a hollow tubular body having an outer wall and defining a longitudinal axis, said shell having an upper end and a lower end ; an inflation comprising a hollow tubular barrel disposed within the tubular body of said shell, said barrel defining a teat-receiving region and having an outer wall spaced inwardly from the outer wall of said shell to define a vacuum chamber, said inflation being deformable between a relaxed profile and a collapsed massage profile ; and reinforcing means for predetermining a desired massage profile for the barrel of said inflation, characterised in that: said reinforcing means comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced, elongated, axially extending interconnections between said barrel and said shell, said interconnections attach said barrel to said shell and define a plurality of vacuum chamber sections surrounding said barrel, each of said sections being defined by the space between adjacent interconnections, each of said interconnections having a lower end axially spaced from the lower end of said shell so that said vacuum chamber sections communicate with each other to form a single vacuum chamber for alternately applying atmospheric pressure and subatmospheric pressure to said barrel to cause said inflation to alternately deform between said relaxed profile and said collapsed massage profile. -3- The interconnections may be either mechanical or a chemical bond between the barrel and the shell. Preferably, the reinforcing means is a mechanical interconnection comprising at least one rib projecting either inwardly from the outer wall of the shell or outwardly from the outer wall of the barrel, together with at least one corresponding elongated, axially extending, mating rib-receiving groove formed in the other of either the outer wall of the shell or the outer wall of the barrel. Preferably, there are a plurality of circumferentially spaced ribs projecting from the barrel of the inflation, and there are a corresponding plurality of rib-receiving grooves formed in the inner surface of the outer wall of the shell. Most preferably, there are three equiangularly spaced apart ribs and three corresponding grooves, but depending upon the cows being milked, the number of ribs and grooves may be as few as one or as many as four. In a preferred form of the teat cup assembly, the shell includes an upper end having an axially extending rim defining an annular recess and a lower end having a radially extending rim defining an opening of reduced diameter. The Inflation includes a head portion dimensioned to fit within the annular recess, and a milking tube section extending through the opening in the lower end of the shell. An upper seal between the head portion of the inflation and the upper end of the tubular body of the shell is preferably formed by an expandable ring disposed within the head portion of the inflation which urges the head portion radially outwardly against the axially extending rim of the shell. A lower seal between the milking tube section of the inflation and the lower end of the tubular body of the shell is preferably formed by a radially extending, integral, annular, external flange projecting from the milking tube section which abuts against the radially extending rim of the shell. -4- The present invention thus provides a teat cup assembly wherein the inflation and shell have been modified to provide reinforcing means for predetermining a desired massage profile for the barrel of the inflation when collapsed. This massage profile is preferably triangular in shape, and thus overrides any inherent inconsistencies in manufacturing processes and/or materials of construction. Thus, the inflation will always collapse in a known or predetermined massage profile. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a teat cup assembly, partially in section, of the present invention shown connected at its upper end to a cow's teat and at its lower end to a claw of a milking machine; Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the teat cup assembly of the invention showing a portion of the inflation as well as the shell in cross section; Fig. 3 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of the teat cup assembly illustrated in Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4-4 of Fig. 3 and illustrating the barrel of the inflation in a relaxed profile; Fig. 4(a) is a cross-sectional view similar to Fig. 4 illustrating the barrel of the inflation in its collapsed massage profile below the body of a cow's teat; Fig. 4(b) is a cross-sectional view similar to Fig. 4(a) illustrating the barrel of the inflation in its collapsed massage profile below the tip of a cow's teat; Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view similar to Fig. 4 but of a second embodiment illustrating the inflation with only a single rib; Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view similar to Fig. 4 but of a third embodiment illustrating the inflation with two ribs; and Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view similar to Fig. 4 but of a fourth embodiment illustrating the inflation with four ribs. 5 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now to the drawings, there is illustrated a teat cup assembly generally designated by the numeral 1. Teat assembly 1 includes a rigid outer shell or cup 2, and an elongated, flexible, resilient, tubular inflation 3 disposed within shell 2. As shown in Fig. 1, shell 2 surrounds and supports inflation 3, and inflation 3 is connected to a claw 4 {shown fragmentarily) which in turn is connected to an automatic milking machine (now shown). As is conventional, claw 4 is connected to a suitable constant vacuum system (not shown), and includes a plurality of nipples 5 (only one of which is shown in Fig. 1) to which inflation 3 is connected. Thus, inflation 3 is connected to a constant vacuum source via milking claw 4, as is conventional. The shell 2 may be formed from a metal such as stainless steel, or another suitable rigid material such as synthetic thermoplastic or thermosetting resin. As shown best in Fig. 2, shell 2 is in the form of a hollow tubular body having an outer cylindrical wall 6 with an internal surface 7. The tubular body of shell 2 defines a longitudinal cylindrical passageway for receiving inflation 3, and thus defines a longitudinal axis 8. Shell 2 has an upper end including an axially extending rim 9 which, together with shoulder 10, defines an annular recess 11. Shell 2 also includes a lower end having a radially extending rim 12 defining an opening 13 of reduced diameter. A nipple 14 is integrally formed with outer wall 6 of shell 2, and extends at an acute angle with respect to axis 8. Nipple 14 is connected, via suitable tubing 15 (shown in phantom in Fig. 1), to communicate with a pulsator which alternates between subatmospheric pressure and atmospheric pressure to alternately cause the inflation 3 to contract and expand for milking, as is conventional. The inflation 3 is a tubular member formed from a flexible, resilient elastomeric material, preferably a synthetic or natural rubber composition or a silicone composition. In the construction illustrated, inflation 3 is a one-piece molded unit, but for purposes of the present invention, it may 6 also be constructed as a two-piece, three-piece or other multiple-piece unit. As illustrated, inflation 3 includes an elongated, generally cylindrical, hollow tubular barrel 16 disposed within the tubular body of shell 2, a head portion 17 dimensioned to fit within annular recess 11, and a milking tube section 18 extending from opening 13 in the lower end of shell 2. It should be noted that the terms "inflation" and "liner" are sometimes used interchangeably in the trade. However, as used herein, the term "liner" is intended to mean the barrel 16 which fits inside of shell 2 and receives a cow's teat. The term "inflation" is meant to encompass the entire one-piece unit illustrated, i.e. barrel 16, head portion 17 and milking tube section 18. Head portion 17 is annular in shape, and forms a collar projecting radially outwardly from barrel 16. As shown best in Fig. 3, head portion 17 includes a mouth 19 for receiving a cow's teat. The diameter of mouth 19 is dimensioned to be slightly smaller than the diameter of barrel 16, as best shown in Fig. 3, so as to aid in holding teat cup assembly 1 on a teat 20 (shown in phantom lines in Fig. 3) of a cow. Head portion 17 forms a shoulder 21 which engages shoulder 10 of shell 2 so that inflation 3 may be properly installed and seated within shell 2. An upper seal between head portion 17 of inflation 3 and the upper end of shell 2 provides an air-tight seal. The upper seal is formed by an expandable ring 22, shown best in Fig. 3, disposed within head portion 17 and urging head portion 17 radially outwardly against axially extending rim. 9 of shell 2. The barrel 16 of inflation 3 is disposed within the tubular body of shell 2. Barrel 16 is tubular in shape and defines a teat receiving region therein, and has an inner diameter in its relaxed state which is dimensioned have a diameter close to that of the outer diameter of teat 20. Barrel 16 includes a cylindrical outer wall having an exterior surface 23 spaced inwardly from internal surface 7 of shell 2 to define an annular vacuum chamber 24. Barrel 16 of inflation 3 is composed of a resilient elastomeric m.aterial and is movable between a relaxed profile, which is 7 illustrated in Fig 4, and a collapsed massage profile, which is illustrated in Figs. 4(a) and 4(b). As previously described, these profiles occur because the interior of inflation 3 is subjected to a constant subatmospheric pressure while the vacuum chamber 24 is subjected to alternating pressure conditions resulting in periodic contracting and expanding of the barrel wall, which in turn results in a massaging action on teat 20. Milking tube section 18 is integrally formed with barrel_16 and extends through opening 13 formed in the lower end of shell 2. Milking tube section 18 is conventional and includes a lower end which slips onto, or is forced over, claw nipple 5. A lower air-tight seal between milking tube section 18 and the lower end of shell,2Js formed by a radially extending, integral, annular, external flange 25 projecting from milking tube section 18 and abutting against radially extending rim 12. It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various types of connection structure can be provided as a part of milking tube section 18 so as to afford a vacuum tight arrangement at the lower end of shell 2 as well as at claw 4. During milking operations, the dynamics of individual milking inflations 3 may vary due to the tolerances of manufacturing processes as well as inherent differences in raw materials. In accordance with the invention, the present teat cup assembly 1 provides a manner of overriding such concerns so that a more consistent profile is obtained for inflation 3 whether in its relaxed profile or in its collapsed massage profile. In order to accomplish this, reinforcing means is provided for predetermining a desired relaxed and/or massage profile for barrel 16. This reinforcing means includes at least one elongated, axially extending mechanical interconnection or chemical bond between barrel 16 and shell 2. As illustrated, the reinforcing means is a mechanical interconnection, and comprises a plurality of elongated, circumferentially spaced, axially extending, integral external ribs 26 projecting from exterior surface 23 of 8 barrel 16, together with a plurality of correspondingly elongated, circumferentially spaced, axially extending, mating internal grooves 27 formed in internal surface 7 of shell 2. As shown best in Fig. 2, ribs 26 extending axially almost the entire length of barrel 16 while grooves 27 extending axially the length of shell 2 between recess 11 and opening 13. As shown best in Fig. 4, ribs 26 have a circular cross-section and rib-receiving grooves 27 having corresponding circular cross-section dimensioned to be substantially the same as ribs 26. It should be noted that although ribs 26 and grooves 27 are illustrated as being circular in cross-section, other shapes such as corresponding triangular shapes may also be employed so long as the arrangement provides a slight undercut between the rib and the groove so that barrel 16 is held in place within shell 2. As noted, the reinforcing means may also be a molecular bond, or a chemical bond such as that formed by ultrasonically welding surface 23 to shell 2 or by adhesively attaching surface 23 to shell 2 in an axial configuration similar to ribs 26 and grooves 27. In order to assemble inflation 3 within shell 2, the lower edges 28 of ribs 26 are aligned with the upper openings 29 of each groove 27, At the same time, milking tube section 18 is inserted through the interior of shell 2, until it extends through opening 13. Inflation 3 is then pushed or forced downwardly so that ribs 26 slide within grooves 27 until head portion 17 is seated within recess 11 and flange 25 passes through opening 13, as shown best in Fig. 3. Inflation 3, and particularly barrel 16, is thus held within shell 2. The combination of ribs 26 and grooves 27 reinforce barrel 16 so that as the pressure in chamber 24 periodically alternates between atmospheric and subatmospheric pressure, the outer wall of barrel 16 will deform, contract or collapse inwardly from the relaxed profile shown in Fig. 4 to the collapsed massage profile of Fig. 4(a) as indicated by arrows 30. Due to ribs 26 and grooves 27, barrel 16 will alternate between its relaxed profile and its collapsed massage profile 9 identically and to the same extent each time the pressure in chamber 24 changes, no matter what frequency is employed. As shown in Figs. 4, 4(a) and 4(b), the preferred number of ribs 26 and grooves 27 is three, each disposed 120° from each other. This provides a triangular-shaped massage profile which is one of the most desired profiles as it massages almost the entire surface of teat 20. In particular, Fig. 4(b) illustrates the triangular configuration below the tip of teat 20 to intermittently relieve the tip of teat; 20 from exposure to the constant vacuum applied to the interior of barrel 16. Nevertheless, other configurations may also be employed. For example, Fig. 5 illustrates a second embodiment of the present invention where like parts with respect to the first embodiment are designated with like numbers with the addition of the letter "a". Thus, Fig. 5 illustrates the use of a single rib 26a and groove 27a. Fig. 6 illustrates a third embodiment of the invention where like parts are designated with like numbers followed by the letter "b". Thus, Fig. 6 illustrates an assembly which utilizes two ribs 26b disposed 180° from each other, and two rib-receiving grooves 27b. Finally, Fig. 7 illustrates yet a fourth embodiment of the present invention where like parts are designated by like numbers followed by the letter "c". Thus, Fig. 7 illustrates an embodiment which includes four ribs 26c disposed 90° from each other, and four rib-receiving grooves 27c. The arrangement shown in Fig. 7 will thus provide a rectangular or square massage profile versus the triangular-shaped massage profile of Fig. 4(a). 10 CLAIMS: 1. An improved teat cup (1) assembly for use with a milking machine for milking cows, comprising : a shell (2) comprising a hollow tubular body having an outer wall and defining a longitudinal axis, said shell having an upper end and a lower end ; an inflation (3) comprising a hollow tubular barrel (16) disposed within the tubular body of said shell (2), said barrel (16) defining a teat-receiving region and having an outer wall spaced inwardly from the outer wall (6) of said shell (2) to define a vacuum chamber (24), said inflation being deformable between a relaxed profile and a collapsed massage profile ; and reinforcing means for predetermining a desired massage profile for the barrel (16) of said inflation (3), characterised in that: said reinforcing means comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced, elongated, axially extending interconnections between said barrel (16) and said shell (2), said interconnections attach said barrel (16) to said shell (3) and define a plurality of vacuum chamber sections surrounding said barrel (16), each of said sections being defined by the space between adjacent interconnections, each of said interconnections having a lower end axially spaced from the lower end of said shell so that said vacuum chamber sections communicate with each other to form a single vacuum chamber (24) for alternately applying atmospheric pressure and subatmospheric pressure to said barrel (16) to cause said inflation (3) to alternately deform between said relaxed profile and said collapsed massage profile. -11- 2. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed in claim 1 wherein said interconnections comprise ribs (26) projecting from one of either said outer wall (6) of said shell (2) or said outer wall (23) of said barrel (16) and elongated, axially extending mating rib-receiving grooves (27) formed in the other of either said outer wall of said shell or said outer wall of said barrel. 3. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein said reinforcing means comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced ribs (26) projecting from said barrel (16) and rib-receiving grooves (27) formed in said shell (2). 4. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed in claim 3 wherein said reinforcing means comprises two ribs disposed 180° from each other, and two rib-receiving grooves. 5. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed in claim 3 wherein said reinforcing means comprises three ribs disposed 120° from each other, and three rib-receiving grooves. 6. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed in claim 3 wherein said reinforcing means comprises four ribs disposed 90° from each other, and four rib-receiving grooves. -12- 7. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed in any of claims 2 to 6, wherein said rib (26) and rib-receiving groove (27) each have a circular cross section. 8. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed In any of claims 2 to 7, wherein said ribs (26) are integral with said barrel (16) and said grooves (27) are formed integrally in the outer wall (6) of said shell (2). 9. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein said at upper end of said shell has an axially extending rim (9) defining an annular recess (11) and said lower end of said shell has a radially extending rim (12) defining an opening (13) of reduced diameter; and said inflation (3) has a head portion (17) dimensioned to fit within said annular recess (11) and defining a mouth (19) for receiving a cow's teat, and a milking tube section (18) extending through the opening (13) in the lower end of said shell. 10. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed in claim 9 comprising an upper seal between the head portion (17) of said inflation (3) and the upper end of said tubular body. 11. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed in claim 10 wherein said inflation (3) is made of an elastomehc material, and an expandable ring (22) is disposed within said head portion (17) and urges said head portion radially outwardly against said axially extending rim (9) to form said upper seal. -13- 12. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed in any of claims 9 to 11, comprising a lower seal between the milking tube section (18) of said inflation (3) and the lower end of said shell (2). 13. The teat cup assembly as claimed in any of claims 9 to 12, wherein said inflation (3) is made of an elastomeric material, and a radially extending, integral, annular, external flange projects from said milking tube section (18) to abut against said radially extending rim (9) to form said lower seal. -14- An improved teat cup (1) assembly for use with a milking machine for milking cows, comprising : a shell (2), an inflation (3) comprising a hollow tubular barrel (16) disposed within the tubular body of the shell (2), the barrel (16) defining a teat-receiving region and reinforcing means for predetermining a desired massage profile for the barrel (16), is characterised in man. the reinforcing means comprises a plurality of spaced, axially extending interconnections (26, 27) between the barrel (16) and the shell (2) for attaching them together and for defining a plurality of vacuum chamber sections surrounding the barrel (16), each section being defined by the space between adjacent interconnections, each of the interconnections having a lower end axially spaced from the lower end of the shell so that the vacuum chamber sections communicate with each other to form a single vacuum chamber (24).

Full Text

AN IMPROVED TEAT CUP ASSEMBLY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improved teat cup assembly for vacuum operated milking machines, and more particularly to an inflation for use in a teat cup assembly having a predetermined collapsed massage profile.
Conventional automatic milking machines utilize teat cup assemblies for milking cows. A typical teat cup assembly includes a hollow, rigid outer shell or cup adapted to be attached to a pulsating vacuum line, and an elongated, flexible, resilient, tubular inflation which fits inside the shell and is coupled with a constant vacuum source. Typically, the inflation includes an upper mouth, a barrel defining a teat receiving region, and a milk tube section which extends downwardly out of the shell or cup and is attached to a milk claw for collecting milk. The upper mouth as well as the milk tube section are both sealingly. engaged with the upper and lower ends of the shell, respectively, to form an annular vacuum chamber surrounding the barrel between the shell and the inflation. As previously noted, since the shell is attached to a pulsating vacuum line, the pressure in this annular chamber is alternated between subatmospheric pressure and atmospheric pressure. The constant vacuum applied to the lower milking tube section of the inflation draws milk from the cow's teat while at the same time the alternating pressure in the annular chamber periodically causes inward collapse of the barrel wall of the inflation or liner resulting in a massaging action of the teat. Also, the periodic collapse of the barrel intermittently relieves the teat from exposure of the constant vacuum applied to the interior of the inflation, and thus advantageously avoids complications such as inflammation of the teat as well as a tendency to induce mastitis.
-1 -

Inflations are typically composed of elastorneric materials due to the resilient nature of such materials, i.e. their capability of recovering to their original size and shape after repeated deformation. Inflations are most often made from a natural or synthetic rubber composition, e.g. silicone rubbers have been proposed and used in certain circumstances. Each of these materials have their own unique advantages and disadvantages. For example, natural or synthetic rubber compositions are more resistant to tearing or ripping, but are subject to attack by oils, butterfats, teat treatment preparations and other chemicals used in the milking process. On the other hand, silicone rubbers are substantially less vulnerable to attack by such chemicals, and thus, have relatively long useful life. However, silicone rubber tends to tear and puncture more easily than rubber.
It is also known that due to manufacturing tolerances and as a result of different manufacturing techniques, inflations composed of the same material do not always have identical collapsed massage profiles. In other words, the dynamics of an inflation used in one teat cup assembly may be significantly different from what appears to be an identical inflation used in another teat cup assembly. Thus, it would be an advantage in the art to provide a teat cup assembly which utilizes an inflation having a predetermined and desired massage profile. Such an assembly would override any Inherent manufacturing tolerances and/or defects from one inflation to the next.
Typical teat cup assemblies are shown in CH-A-85551 and US-A-2502362.
In an attempt to overcome the problems discussed, these have inflations (liners)
provided with ribs which divide the space between the assembly shell and the
inflation into separate chambers. Vacuum is alternately applied to these chambers,
-2-

but this provides irregular massaging of a teat, leading to poor milk flow and possible complications with the teat.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to this invention there is provided an improved teat cup assembly for use with a milking machine for milking cows, comprising :
a shell comprising a hollow tubular body having an outer wall and defining a longitudinal axis, said shell having an upper end and a lower end ;
an inflation comprising a hollow tubular barrel disposed within the tubular body of said shell, said barrel defining a teat-receiving region and having an outer wall spaced inwardly from the outer wall of said shell to define a vacuum chamber, said inflation being deformable between a relaxed profile and a collapsed massage profile ; and
reinforcing means for predetermining a desired massage profile for the barrel of said inflation, characterised in that:
said reinforcing means comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced,
elongated, axially extending interconnections between said barrel and said shell,
said interconnections attach said barrel to said shell and define a plurality of
vacuum chamber sections surrounding said barrel, each of said sections being
defined by the space between adjacent interconnections, each of said
interconnections having a lower end axially spaced from the lower end of said shell
so that said vacuum chamber sections communicate with each other to form a
single vacuum chamber for alternately applying atmospheric pressure and
subatmospheric pressure to said barrel to cause said inflation to alternately deform
between said relaxed profile and said collapsed massage profile.
-3-

The interconnections may be either mechanical or a chemical bond between the barrel and the shell. Preferably, the reinforcing means is a mechanical interconnection comprising at least one rib projecting either inwardly from the outer wall of the shell or outwardly from the outer wall of the barrel, together with at least one corresponding elongated, axially extending, mating rib-receiving groove formed in the other of either the outer wall of the shell or the outer wall of the barrel. Preferably, there are a plurality of circumferentially spaced ribs projecting from the barrel of the inflation, and there are a corresponding plurality of rib-receiving grooves formed in the inner surface of the outer wall of the shell. Most preferably, there are three equiangularly spaced apart ribs and three corresponding grooves, but depending upon the cows being milked, the number of ribs and grooves may be as few as one or as many as four.
In a preferred form of the teat cup assembly, the shell includes an upper end
having an axially extending rim defining an annular recess and a lower end having
a radially extending rim defining an opening of reduced diameter. The Inflation
includes a head portion dimensioned to fit within the annular recess, and a milking
tube section extending through the opening in the lower end of the shell. An upper
seal between the head portion of the inflation and the upper end of the tubular
body of the shell is preferably formed by an expandable ring disposed within the
head portion of the inflation which urges the head portion radially outwardly against
the axially extending rim of the shell. A lower seal between the milking tube section
of the inflation and the lower end of the tubular body of the shell is preferably
formed by a radially extending, integral, annular, external flange projecting from the
milking tube section which abuts against the radially extending rim of the shell.
-4-

The present invention thus provides a teat cup assembly wherein the inflation and shell have been modified to provide reinforcing means for predetermining a desired massage profile for the barrel of the inflation when collapsed. This massage profile is preferably triangular in shape, and thus overrides any inherent inconsistencies in manufacturing processes and/or materials of construction. Thus, the inflation will always collapse in a known or predetermined massage profile.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a teat cup assembly, partially in section, of the present invention shown connected at its upper end to a cow's teat and at its lower end to a claw of a milking machine;
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the teat cup assembly of the invention showing a portion of the inflation as well as the shell in cross section;
Fig. 3 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of the teat cup assembly illustrated in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4-4 of Fig. 3 and illustrating the barrel of the inflation in a relaxed profile;
Fig. 4(a) is a cross-sectional view similar to Fig. 4 illustrating the barrel of the inflation in its collapsed massage profile below the body of a cow's teat;
Fig. 4(b) is a cross-sectional view similar to Fig. 4(a) illustrating the barrel of the inflation in its collapsed massage profile below the tip of a cow's teat;
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view similar to Fig. 4 but of a second embodiment illustrating the inflation with only a single rib;
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view similar to Fig. 4 but of a third embodiment illustrating the inflation with two ribs; and
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view similar to Fig. 4 but of a fourth embodiment illustrating the inflation with four ribs.
5

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now to the drawings, there is illustrated a teat cup assembly generally designated by the numeral 1. Teat assembly 1 includes a rigid outer shell or cup 2, and an elongated, flexible, resilient, tubular inflation 3 disposed within shell 2. As shown in Fig. 1, shell 2 surrounds and supports inflation 3, and inflation 3 is connected to a claw 4 {shown fragmentarily) which in turn is connected to an automatic milking machine (now shown). As is conventional, claw 4 is connected to a suitable constant vacuum system (not shown), and includes a plurality of nipples 5 (only one of which is shown in Fig. 1) to which inflation 3 is connected. Thus, inflation 3 is connected to a constant vacuum source via milking claw 4, as is conventional.
The shell 2 may be formed from a metal such as stainless steel, or another suitable rigid material such as synthetic thermoplastic or thermosetting resin. As shown best in Fig. 2, shell 2 is in the form of a hollow tubular body having an outer cylindrical wall 6 with an internal surface 7. The tubular body of shell 2 defines a longitudinal cylindrical passageway for receiving inflation 3, and thus defines a longitudinal axis 8. Shell 2 has an upper end including an axially extending rim 9 which, together with shoulder 10, defines an annular recess 11. Shell 2 also includes a lower end having a radially extending rim 12 defining an opening 13 of reduced diameter. A nipple 14 is integrally formed with outer wall 6 of shell 2, and extends at an acute angle with respect to axis 8. Nipple 14 is connected, via suitable tubing 15 (shown in phantom in Fig. 1), to communicate with a pulsator which alternates between subatmospheric pressure and atmospheric pressure to alternately cause the inflation 3 to contract and expand for milking, as is conventional.
The inflation 3 is a tubular member formed from a flexible, resilient elastomeric material, preferably a synthetic or natural rubber composition or a silicone composition. In the construction illustrated, inflation 3 is a one-piece molded unit, but for purposes of the present invention, it may
6

also be constructed as a two-piece, three-piece or other multiple-piece unit. As illustrated, inflation 3 includes an elongated, generally cylindrical, hollow tubular barrel 16 disposed within the tubular body of shell 2, a head portion 17 dimensioned to fit within annular recess 11, and a milking tube section 18 extending from opening 13 in the lower end of shell 2. It should be noted that the terms "inflation" and "liner" are sometimes used interchangeably in the trade. However, as used herein, the term "liner" is intended to mean the barrel 16 which fits inside of shell 2 and receives a cow's teat. The term "inflation" is meant to encompass the entire one-piece unit illustrated, i.e. barrel 16, head portion 17 and milking tube section 18.
Head portion 17 is annular in shape, and forms a collar projecting radially outwardly from barrel 16. As shown best in Fig. 3, head portion 17 includes a mouth 19 for receiving a cow's teat. The diameter of mouth
19 is dimensioned to be slightly smaller than the diameter of barrel 16, as best shown in Fig. 3, so as to aid in holding teat cup assembly 1 on a teat
20 (shown in phantom lines in Fig. 3) of a cow. Head portion 17 forms a shoulder 21 which engages shoulder 10 of shell 2 so that inflation 3 may be properly installed and seated within shell 2. An upper seal between head portion 17 of inflation 3 and the upper end of shell 2 provides an air-tight seal. The upper seal is formed by an expandable ring 22, shown best in Fig. 3, disposed within head portion 17 and urging head portion 17 radially outwardly against axially extending rim. 9 of shell 2.
The barrel 16 of inflation 3 is disposed within the tubular body of shell 2. Barrel 16 is tubular in shape and defines a teat receiving region therein, and has an inner diameter in its relaxed state which is dimensioned have a diameter close to that of the outer diameter of teat 20. Barrel 16 includes a cylindrical outer wall having an exterior surface 23 spaced inwardly from internal surface 7 of shell 2 to define an annular vacuum chamber 24. Barrel 16 of inflation 3 is composed of a resilient elastomeric m.aterial and is movable between a relaxed profile, which is
7

illustrated in Fig 4, and a collapsed massage profile, which is illustrated
in Figs. 4(a) and 4(b). As previously described, these profiles occur
because the interior of inflation 3 is subjected to a constant
subatmospheric pressure while the vacuum chamber 24 is subjected to
alternating pressure conditions resulting in periodic contracting and
expanding of the barrel wall, which in turn results in a massaging action
on teat 20.
Milking tube section 18 is integrally formed with barrel_16 and extends through opening 13 formed in the lower end of shell 2. Milking tube section 18 is conventional and includes a lower end which slips onto, or is forced over, claw nipple 5. A lower air-tight seal between milking tube section 18 and the lower end of shell,2Js formed by a radially extending, integral, annular, external flange 25 projecting from milking tube section 18 and abutting against radially extending rim 12. It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various types of connection structure can be provided as a part of milking tube section 18 so as to afford a vacuum tight arrangement at the lower end of shell 2 as well as at claw 4.
During milking operations, the dynamics of individual milking inflations 3 may vary due to the tolerances of manufacturing processes as well as inherent differences in raw materials. In accordance with the invention, the present teat cup assembly 1 provides a manner of overriding such concerns so that a more consistent profile is obtained for inflation 3 whether in its relaxed profile or in its collapsed massage profile. In order to accomplish this, reinforcing means is provided for predetermining a desired relaxed and/or massage profile for barrel 16. This reinforcing means includes at least one elongated, axially extending mechanical interconnection or chemical bond between barrel 16 and shell 2. As illustrated, the reinforcing means is a mechanical interconnection, and comprises a plurality of elongated, circumferentially spaced, axially extending, integral external ribs 26 projecting from exterior surface 23 of
8

barrel 16, together with a plurality of correspondingly elongated, circumferentially spaced, axially extending, mating internal grooves 27 formed in internal surface 7 of shell 2. As shown best in Fig. 2, ribs 26 extending axially almost the entire length of barrel 16 while grooves 27 extending axially the length of shell 2 between recess 11 and opening 13. As shown best in Fig. 4, ribs 26 have a circular cross-section and rib-receiving grooves 27 having corresponding circular cross-section dimensioned to be substantially the same as ribs 26. It should be noted that although ribs 26 and grooves 27 are illustrated as being circular in cross-section, other shapes such as corresponding triangular shapes may also be employed so long as the arrangement provides a slight undercut between the rib and the groove so that barrel 16 is held in place within shell 2. As noted, the reinforcing means may also be a molecular bond, or a chemical bond such as that formed by ultrasonically welding surface 23 to shell 2 or by adhesively attaching surface 23 to shell 2 in an axial configuration similar to ribs 26 and grooves 27.
In order to assemble inflation 3 within shell 2, the lower edges 28 of ribs 26 are aligned with the upper openings 29 of each groove 27, At the same time, milking tube section 18 is inserted through the interior of shell 2, until it extends through opening 13. Inflation 3 is then pushed or forced downwardly so that ribs 26 slide within grooves 27 until head portion 17 is seated within recess 11 and flange 25 passes through opening 13, as shown best in Fig. 3. Inflation 3, and particularly barrel 16, is thus held within shell 2. The combination of ribs 26 and grooves 27 reinforce barrel 16 so that as the pressure in chamber 24 periodically alternates between atmospheric and subatmospheric pressure, the outer wall of barrel 16 will deform, contract or collapse inwardly from the relaxed profile shown in Fig. 4 to the collapsed massage profile of Fig. 4(a) as indicated by arrows 30. Due to ribs 26 and grooves 27, barrel 16 will alternate between its relaxed profile and its collapsed massage profile
9

identically and to the same extent each time the pressure in chamber 24 changes, no matter what frequency is employed.
As shown in Figs. 4, 4(a) and 4(b), the preferred number of ribs 26 and grooves 27 is three, each disposed 120° from each other. This provides a triangular-shaped massage profile which is one of the most desired profiles as it massages almost the entire surface of teat 20. In particular, Fig. 4(b) illustrates the triangular configuration below the tip of teat 20 to intermittently relieve the tip of teat; 20 from exposure to the constant vacuum applied to the interior of barrel 16. Nevertheless, other configurations may also be employed. For example, Fig. 5 illustrates a second embodiment of the present invention where like parts with respect to the first embodiment are designated with like numbers with the addition of the letter "a". Thus, Fig. 5 illustrates the use of a single rib 26a and groove 27a. Fig. 6 illustrates a third embodiment of the invention where like parts are designated with like numbers followed by the letter "b". Thus, Fig. 6 illustrates an assembly which utilizes two ribs 26b disposed 180° from each other, and two rib-receiving grooves 27b. Finally, Fig. 7 illustrates yet a fourth embodiment of the present invention where like parts are designated by like numbers followed by the letter "c". Thus, Fig. 7 illustrates an embodiment which includes four ribs 26c disposed 90° from each other, and four rib-receiving grooves 27c. The arrangement shown in Fig. 7 will thus provide a rectangular or square massage profile versus the triangular-shaped massage profile of Fig. 4(a).
10

CLAIMS:
1. An improved teat cup (1) assembly for use with a milking machine for milking cows, comprising :
a shell (2) comprising a hollow tubular body having an outer wall and defining a longitudinal axis, said shell having an upper end and a lower end ;
an inflation (3) comprising a hollow tubular barrel (16) disposed within the tubular body of said shell (2), said barrel (16) defining a teat-receiving region and having an outer wall spaced inwardly from the outer wall (6) of said shell (2) to define a vacuum chamber (24), said inflation being deformable between a relaxed profile and a collapsed massage profile ; and
reinforcing means for predetermining a desired massage profile for the barrel (16) of said inflation (3), characterised in that:
said reinforcing means comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced, elongated, axially extending interconnections between said barrel (16) and said shell (2), said interconnections attach said barrel (16) to said shell (3) and define a plurality of vacuum chamber sections surrounding said barrel (16), each of said sections being defined by the space between adjacent interconnections, each of said interconnections having a lower end axially spaced from the lower end of said shell so that said vacuum chamber sections communicate with each other to form a single vacuum chamber (24) for alternately applying atmospheric pressure and subatmospheric pressure to said barrel (16) to cause said inflation (3) to alternately deform between said relaxed profile and said collapsed massage profile.
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2. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed in claim 1 wherein said interconnections comprise ribs (26) projecting from one of either said outer wall (6) of said shell (2) or said outer wall (23) of said barrel (16) and elongated, axially extending mating rib-receiving grooves (27) formed in the other of either said outer wall of said shell or said outer wall of said barrel.
3. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein said reinforcing means comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced ribs (26) projecting from said barrel (16) and rib-receiving grooves (27) formed in said shell
(2).
4. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed in claim 3 wherein said reinforcing means comprises two ribs disposed 180° from each other, and two rib-receiving grooves.
5. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed in claim 3 wherein said reinforcing means comprises three ribs disposed 120° from each other, and three rib-receiving grooves.
6. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed in claim 3 wherein said reinforcing means comprises four ribs disposed 90° from each other, and four rib-receiving grooves.
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7. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed in any of claims 2 to 6, wherein said rib (26) and rib-receiving groove (27) each have a circular cross section.
8. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed In any of claims 2 to 7, wherein said ribs (26) are integral with said barrel (16) and said grooves (27) are formed integrally in the outer wall (6) of said shell (2).
9. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein said at upper end of said shell has an axially extending rim (9) defining an annular recess (11) and said lower end of said shell has a radially extending rim (12) defining an opening (13) of reduced diameter; and said inflation (3) has a head portion (17) dimensioned to fit within said annular recess (11) and defining a mouth (19) for receiving a cow's teat, and a milking tube section (18) extending through the opening (13) in the lower end of said shell.
10. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed in claim 9 comprising an upper seal between the head portion (17) of said inflation (3) and the upper end of said tubular body.
11. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed in claim 10 wherein said inflation (3) is made of an elastomehc material, and an expandable ring (22) is disposed within said head portion (17) and urges said head portion radially outwardly against said axially extending rim (9) to form said upper seal.
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12. The teat cup assembly (1) as claimed in any of claims 9 to 11, comprising a lower seal between the milking tube section (18) of said inflation (3) and the lower end of said shell (2).
13. The teat cup assembly as claimed in any of claims 9 to 12, wherein said inflation (3) is made of an elastomeric material, and a radially extending, integral, annular, external flange projects from said milking tube section (18) to abut against said radially extending rim (9) to form said lower seal.
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An improved teat cup (1) assembly for use with a milking machine for milking cows, comprising :
a shell (2), an inflation (3) comprising a hollow tubular barrel (16) disposed within the tubular body of the shell (2), the barrel (16) defining a teat-receiving region and reinforcing means for predetermining a desired massage profile for the barrel (16), is characterised in man.
the reinforcing means comprises a plurality of spaced, axially extending interconnections (26, 27) between the barrel (16) and the shell (2) for attaching them together and for defining a plurality of vacuum chamber sections surrounding the barrel (16), each section being defined by the space between adjacent interconnections, each of the interconnections having a lower end axially spaced from the lower end of the shell so that the vacuum chamber sections communicate with each other to form a single vacuum chamber (24).

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Patent Number

206610

Indian Patent Application Number

IN/PCT/2002/00824/KOL

PG Journal Number

18/2007

Publication Date

04-May-2007

Grant Date

03-May-2007

Date of Filing

19-Jun-2002

Name of Patentee

MILBRATH CONSTANCE JEAN.,

Applicant Address

N7293 COUNTY HIGHWAY Y, WATERTOWN,WI 53094,

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	MILBRATH CONSTANCE J	N7293 COUNTY HIGHWAY Y, WATERTOWN,WI 53094,
2	LARSON REED ALLEN	NORTH 7766 STATE ROAD 26,WATERTOWN, WI 53094,

PCT International Classification Number

A01 J5/08

PCT International Application Number

PCT/US00/34438

PCT International Filing date

2000-12-18

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	09/471,828	1999-12-23	U.S.A.