Title of Invention	A MULTI-LAYERED TILE OR BLOCK
Abstract	A multi-layered tile or block comprising of at least three different layers of a cementitious material, wherein one layer comprises of white cement mixed with a known filler and/or a known aggregate, second layer comprises of grey cement mixed with a known fiiier and/or a known aggregate and the third layer comprises of white cement mixed with a known filler and/or a known aggregate.

Full Text

FORM 2 THE PATENTS ACT. 1970 (39 OF 1970) COMPLETE SPECIFICATION [SECTION 10; RULE 13} "A MULTI- LAYERED TELE OR BLOCK" SHRI ASHOK ANANT GANPULE, INDIAN NATIONAL, OF C/O THE PARSHURAM POTTERY WORKS CO. LTD. NAZARBAUG, MORVL DISTRICT-RAJKOT, GUJRAT, INDIA. THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATION PARTICULARLY DESCRIBES THE NATURE OF THIS INVENTION AND THE MANNER IN WHICH IT IS TO BE PERFORMED: - ORIGINAL 946/MUM/2003 11-09-2003 The present invention relates to a multi-layered tile or block. More particularly, the present invention relates to a multi-layered tile or block having insulating properties. Ceramic tiles and mosaics therefrom are commonly known and used for heat proofing. The disadvantage of this tile is mat it being single layered, reduces the temperature only by about 3° - 5° C. A two layered cementitious tile is also known and commonly used in the industry as a flooring material for terraces. There are also other prefabricated blocks or tiles, which have an outer surface of structural material to impart strength and the inside is filled with insulating materials like glass fiber, mineral wool etc. There are also other materials, like foamed plastic, cork, wood or polyurethane foam etc. that are used as an insulating material. These structures are expensive and involve expertise in manufacture and installation. The insulating material can be used as a flooring material for terraces and can be used like any ordinary flooring materials without compromising the structural strength. The insulating materials currently in use are porous and have to be incorporated within the structure for protection from weathering and erosion. Further, over a 2 period of time, the pores or air gaps are filled up, resulting in reduction in porosity. The reduction in porosity increases the thermal conductivity of the material and there is a gradual reduction in effectiveness of the material for insulation. There is also a possibility of degradation of the aforesaid materials due to weather conditions. Moreover, they are structurally weak. The present invention obviates the aforesaid drawbacks and provides with a multi-layered rile or block having better insulating properties without the use of the aforesaid insulating materials. The present invention relates to a multi-layered rile or block comprising of at least three different layers wherein at least one layer comprises of a cementrtious material mixed with a filler and/or an aggregate. The use of the different layers controls the ambient temperature inside the building when the said tile or block is installed on the roof, walls or floor. The thermal insulation capability is dependent on the path length the heat travels through the material. Difference in the layers lengthens the path the heat travels. Therefore, the materials with controlled pore morphology are more thermally insulating than the same 3 non-porous material. Multiple layering imparts much better insulating properties than simply increasing the thickness of any one layer in a two-layered tile or single layered structure. Difference in the layers reduces or retards the heat radiation or heat transfer to penetrate through the structure. The present invention performs a dual function of preventing the solar radiation from heating up the buildings in hot climates as well as the heat to escape from inside of the building in cold weather conditions. The difference in the aforesaid layers can be made by varying the chemical composition of the materials or by varying the size gradation of the grains or by incorporating a morphologically dissimilar material. The present invention incorporates the traditional or known methods of manufacturing the tile or block, wherein the layers are preformed and bonded with cementitious bond or adhesives. Another conventional method is to form the said layers and then compacting them by vibration or application of pressure. The aforesaid layers may be formed using natural or synthetic polymer compounds which also act as binders, fillers and rheology modifying agents and other additives like 4 modifiers, lubricants, binders, plasticizers, water proofing compounds, saccharides and polysaccharides etc, A preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises of a three-layered tile. More particularly, the first layer of the three-layered tile comprises of a cementmous mixture M hydraulic cement, white cement or grey cement, refractory cement, ceramic cement, natural and synthetic silicates, natural and synthetic phosphates, starches, gums, cellulose and a filler and/or aggregate comprising of natural minerals like marble and calcite, dolomite, talk, mica, granite, silicious stone, calciferous stone, basaltic stone, lime stone, quartz, feldspar, gypsum, selenite and asbestos. Also other man made materials like broken waste ceramic, alumina, steatite, aluminosihcates, magnesite, silicon carbide, compounds of magnesium, compounds of zirconium, calcined or burnt clays, hydrated lime, bauxite, organic or inorganic polymerized materials, plaster of paris, j ceramics like vitrified and porous ceramic materials having typical ceramic compositions and mixtures thereof and ceramic process wastes. The second layer comprises of grey cement with sand and/or basalt/ crushed rock grains. The third layer comprises of a same/similar composition as the first layer. 5 The proportion of the cementitious materials to the total dry weight of all the constituents including the aforesaid constituents is about 50%, preferably about 25-35%. Alternatively, the second layer comprises of a ceramic material, while the first and third layer comprises of a cementitious material. Further, the first and the third layer may comprise of a ceramic material, while the second layer comprises of a cementitious material. In a further embodiment, the exposed surface of the said tile or block is made decorative using colouring agents and/or colouring chips such as crushed stone, glass pieces, ceramic pieces and other decorative* polymers. The present inventionvjmay also be formed in-situ and the three layers prepared separately can be cast one on top of each other to form a continuous three layered surface. The present invention will now be explained with' reference to the following examples. The examples in no way limit the scope of the invention. Experiments are carried out wherein any of the following tiles is used: 6 1. First layer consists of a cementitious mixture of white cement and different grain sizes of marble and dolomite as filler/ aggregate. The second layer consists of grey cement with sand and crushed rock grains. The third layer consists of a similar composition as the top layer. 2. First layer consists of a ceramic tile. The second layer consists of a cementitious mixture of above mentioned materials. The third layer consists of ceramic. 3. First layer consists of a decorative mosaic of ceramic, glass, stone, polymer bonded materials, which are embedded in a cementitious mixture of white cement and white marble to form a decorative surface. The second layer consists of a cementitious mixture of grey cement and sand. The third layer consists of a cementitious mixture of white cement and dolomite and marble powder and grains. The other single layered tile of 20 mm thickness of grey cement and aggregate of sand and crushed stone is taken. Both the tiles are placed on an insulating foam sheet with slots for placing the thermometer at the bottom of each tile. The said tiles are placed in direct sunlight from morning when the radiation is not very strong. The temperature below both the said tiles is approximately the ambient temperature, viz. about 30 ° C. the temperature at the bottom of the tiles starts rising as the intensity of solar radiation increasing. Readings were taken at the time of peak ambient temperature viz. 42 °C. Similar testing was done for cold climatic conditions using ice on top of the said tiles. 8 I Claim: 1. A multi-layered tile or block comprising of at least three different layers of a cementitious material, wherein one layer comprises of white cement mixed with a known filler and/or a known aggregate, second layer comprises of grey cement mixed with a known fiiier and/or a known aggregate and the third layer comprises of white cement mixed with a known filler and/or a known aggregate. 2. A multi-layered tile or block as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said cementitious material is hydraulic cement, refractory cement, ceramic cement, or a combination thereof. 3. A multi-layered tile or block as claimed in Claim 2, wherein said hydraulic cement is white cement or grey cement or a combination of both. 4. A multi-layered tile or block as claimed in any of the aforesaid claims, wherein said cementitious material in each 14 of said layers is in a proportion of utmost 50% of the total dry weight of all the constituents. 5. A multi-layered tile or block as claimed in Claim 4, wherein said cementitious material in each of said layers is in a proportion of 25-35% of the total dry weight of all the constituents 6. A multi-layered tile or block as claimed in any of the aforesaid claims, wherein said filler and/or aggregate are natural minerals or man made materials or a combination of both. 7. A multi-layered tile or block as claimed in Claim 6 wherein said natural minerals areiimarble, calcite. dolomite, talc, mica, granite, silicious stone, calciferous stone, basaltic stone, lime stone, quartz, feldspar, gypsum, selenite, asbestos or mixture thereof. 8. A multi-layered tile or block as claimed in Claim 7, wherein said man made materials are broken waste ceramic, alumina, steatite, aluminosilicates, magnesite, silicon 15 carbide, compounds of magnesium, compounds of zirconium, calcined or burnt clays, hydrated lime, bauxite, organic or inorganic polymerized materials, plaster of paris, ceramics like vitrified and porous ceramic materials having typical ceramic compositions and mixtures thereof and ceramic process wastes or mixture thereof. 9. A mulli-Iayered tile or block as claimed in any of the aforesaid claims, wherein the exposed surface of the tile is decorative. 10. A multi-layered tile or block as described herein with reference to the foregoing examples. Dated this 8th day of September 2004. Rahul M. Kadam Applicant's Attorney S-3/PATENT/GANPULE/CS_ AMENDED 16

Documents:

946-mum-2003-claims(granted)-(21-12-2005).doc

946-mum-2003-claims(granted)-(21-12-2005).pdf

946-mum-2003-correspondence(21-12-2005).pdf

946-mum-2003-correspondence(ipo)-(23-12-2004).pdf

946-mum-2003-form 1(11-09-2003).pdf

946-mum-2003-form 19(11-09-2003).pdf

946-mum-2003-form 2(granted)-(21-12-2005).doc

946-mum-2003-form 2(granted)-(21-12-2005).pdf

946-mum-2003-form 3(11-09-2003).pdf

946-mum-2003-form 3(21-12-2005).pdf

946-mum-2003-form 5(08-09-2004).pdf

946-mum-2003-petition under rule 137(21-12-2005).pdf

946-mum-2003-power of authority(11-09-2003).pdf