Title of Invention	"PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF FINELY DIVIDED RUBBERS"
Abstract	Process for the preparation of finely divided rubbers (rubber powders) by precipitation from aqueous mixtures which comprises 50 to 350 parts based on 100 parts of rubber of a filler such as herein described in the form of suspensions, 0,1 to 8.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of rubber of a water-soluble salts of a metal of groups IIa, IIb,IIIa and VIII of the periodic table of the elements and a rubber latex (polymer latex), aqueous emulsions of a rubber or rubber solution, characterized in that a) 0.5 to 20 wt % based on the total amount of filler of one or more organosilicon compound(s) such as herein described containing at least one alkoxy group is or are dissolved or emulsified, optionally in the presence of a surface-active substance such as herein described, in water, or the compounds mentioned are mixed directly, optionally with a surface-active substance, with an aqueous suspension of an oxidic or silicate finely divided filler or a mixture of these Fillers at a temperature of 10 to 60°C, preferably at room temperature, while stirring, the amount of this mixture envisaged for incorporation in the rubber, based on the filler content, in general being divided into two batches, and b) a first batch is mixed with the polymer latex, the polymer emulsion or the polymer solution, the pH of this mixture is lowered to a pH of 6.0 to 4,5 with an acid, in particular a Lewis acid (first batch, first stage), c) the remaining content (second batch, splitting amount) is added with further lowering of the pH to 4,5 to 2.6, in particular approx, 3.2 (second stage), so that the rubber in the mixture precipitates out together with the filler modified by organosilicon compound(s) d) the solid which has precipitated out is separated off by measures known per se, e) it is preferably washed, in order to adjust the pH to a value of approx 6 to 7 which is more compatible with the further processing, and f) the filler-containing rubber is dried.

Title of Invention

"PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF FINELY DIVIDED RUBBERS"

Abstract

Process for the preparation of finely divided rubbers (rubber powders) by precipitation from aqueous mixtures which comprises 50 to 350 parts based on 100 parts of rubber of a filler such as herein described in the form of suspensions, 0,1 to 8.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of rubber of a water-soluble salts of a metal of groups IIa, IIb,IIIa and VIII of the periodic table of the elements and a rubber latex (polymer latex), aqueous emulsions of a rubber or rubber solution, characterized in that a) 0.5 to 20 wt % based on the total amount of filler of one or more organosilicon compound(s) such as herein described containing at least one alkoxy group is or are dissolved or emulsified, optionally in the presence of a surface-active substance such as herein described, in water, or the compounds mentioned are mixed directly, optionally with a surface-active substance, with an aqueous suspension of an oxidic or silicate finely divided filler or a mixture of these Fillers at a temperature of 10 to 60°C, preferably at room temperature, while stirring, the amount of this mixture envisaged for incorporation in the rubber, based on the filler content, in general being divided into two batches, and b) a first batch is mixed with the polymer latex, the polymer emulsion or the polymer solution, the pH of this mixture is lowered to a pH of 6.0 to 4,5 with an acid, in particular a Lewis acid (first batch, first stage), c) the remaining content (second batch, splitting amount) is added with further lowering of the pH to 4,5 to 2.6, in particular approx, 3.2 (second stage), so that the rubber in the mixture precipitates out together with the filler modified by organosilicon compound(s) d) the solid which has precipitated out is separated off by measures known per se, e) it is preferably washed, in order to adjust the pH to a value of approx 6 to 7 which is more compatible with the further processing, and f) the filler-containing rubber is dried.

Full Text	-1A- The invention relates to a process for the preparation of rubber powders, comprising fillers modified with organosilicon compounds, and the powders thus prepared. A large number of publications have appeared relating to the aim and purpose of the use of powdered rubbers and possible processes for their preparation. The explanation of the interest in pulverulent rubbers can readily be found from the processing techniques of the -rubber industry. There, rubber mixtures are prepared with a high expenditure on time, energy and personnel. The main reason for this is that the raw material rubber is present in the form of balls, and the other constituents of the vulcanizable mixture must be incorporated. Comminution of the balls and intimate mixing with fillers, mineral oil plasticizers and vulcanization auxiliaries takes place on mills in internal mixers in several process stages. Between the stages, the mixture is in general cooled on a batch-off line, deposited on pallets as rolled sheet and intermediately stored. The internal mixers or mills are followed by appropriate extruders or calendering processes. Only a completely new processing technology can lead away from this very involved technique of rubber processing. The use of free-flowing rubber powders has therefore been discussed for a relatively long time, because this results 2 in the possibility of being able to process rubber mixtures easily and quickly in the same way as thermoplastic powders. DE-PS 2822 148 discloses a process for the preparation of a pulverulent, filler-containing rubber. According to this patent specification, an aqueous filler emulsion is added to a rubber latex (e. g. natural rubber) a rubber solution (e. g. BR) or an aqueous emulsion of a synthetic rubber (e. g. SBR) and the desired rubber powder is precipitated out. To avoid the particle size-dependent filler contents obtained by this process, patents have been applied for relating to variants, which belong to the prior art as DE-PS 3723 213 and DE-PS 3723 214. According to DE-PS 3723213, in a process which proceeds in two stages, an amount of >50 % of the filler is first integrated into the rubber powder particles. In the second step, the remainder of the filler is absorbed on to the so-called rubber base particles. This can be regarded as a variant of powdering, since no bond is formed between the filler and rubber. As E.T. Italiaander (Paper 151. Technische Tagung der Rubber Div. der ACS [Technical Conference of the Rubber Div. of the ACS], Anaheim, California, 6th - 9th May 1997 (GAK 6/1997 (50) 456-464) found, however, regardless of the great future predicted in the Delphi Report (Delphi Report "Kunftige Herstellverfahren in der Gummiindustrie [Future Production Processes in the Rubber Industry]" Rubber Journal, vol. 154, no. 11, 20-34 (1972)) for pulverulent and granulated rubber, and numerous attempts undertaken by 3 well-known polymer producers from the middle of the seventies into the early eighties to prepare pulverulent NBR, SBR-carbon black masterbatches and granulated NR, the standard delivery form of polymers has remained rubber balls. A disadvantage of the known processes on the one hand lies in the fact that a grinding operation is required in order to establish the particle diameter of the filler particles of 10 ?m regarded as necessary for the quality of the end product. However, this not only results in a high expenditure on energy, but also causes damage to the filler structure, which, in addition to the active surface area, is an important characteristic parameter for the effectiveness in use in rubbers. On the other hand, the ease of handling of the products according to the prior art suffers due to the particles sticking to one another during storage A precipitation process has now been applied for under number P 198 16 972.8, in which suspensions of fillers modified with organosilicon compounds are prepared and these are stirred into the rubber emulsion. The rubber powder is then precipitated out of this mixture. The object of the invention is to provide a process which leads with few process stages to a rubber powder which can advantageously be employed and comprises modified fillers. 4 The invention provides a process for the preparation of finely divided rubbers (rubber powders) by precipitation from aqueous mixtures which comprise filler in the form of suspensions, water-soluble salts of a metal of groups IIa, IIb, IIIa and VIII of the periodic table of the elements and a rubber latex, an aqueous emulsion of a rubber or a rubber solution, which is characterized in that a) one or more organosilicon compound(s) containing at least one alkoxy group is or are dissolved or emulsified, optionally in the presence of a surface- active substance, in water, or the compounds mentioned are mixed directly, optionally with a surface-active substance, with an aqueous suspension of an oxidic or silicatic finely divided filler or a mixture of these fillers at a temperature of 10 to 60 ° C, preferably at room temperature, while stirring, the amount of this mixture envisaged for incoporation in the rubber, based on the filler content, in general being divided into two batches, and b) a first batch is mixed with the polymer latex, the polymer emulsion or the polymer solution, the pH of this mixture is lowered to a pH of 6.0 to 4.5 with an acid, in particular a Lewis acid (first batch, first stage), c) the remaining content (second batch, splitting amount) is added with further lowering of the pH to 4.5 to 2.6, in particular approx. 3.2 (second stage), so that the rubber in the mixture precipitates out together with the filler modified by organosilicon compound(s) 5 d) the solid which has precipitated out is separated off by- measures known per se, e) it is preferably washed, in order to adjust the pH to a value of approx. 6 to 7 which is more compatible with the further processing, and f) the filler-containing rubber is dried. Drying is advantageously carried out in a drier at a gas intake temperature of 140 to 160°C and a gas discharge temperature of 50 to 70°C. The temperature of the product should not exceed 40 to 50 °C. The duration, which depends on the pH and the filler content, and the extent of the precipitating operation can easily be determined within a measurement series. In the case of a powdered rubber with a high filler content (>80 parts of filler phr), 1 to 10 parts of this amount will in general be employed as the remaining content in the second stage in the precipitation of the powdered rubber. If the powdered rubber comprises less than 80 parts of filler phr, e. g. only 50 parts phr in total, >10 to 20 parts of this amount is further introduced into the mixture in the form of a suspension before the conclusion of the precipitating operation. The fillers are bonded into the outer particle region (margin region) of the rubber powders in this manner. 6 These contents of the filler are therefore not absorbed externally on to the individual rubber particles (see DE-PS 37 23213), but are integrated into the rubber surface. This distribution of the filler and the nature of the bonding of the fillers in the rubber composition cause the high flowability of the powders according to the invention and prevent agglutination during storage of the powders, without these properties being lost due to mechanical stresses during conveying, silation etc. Further fillers which are optionally employed are the carbon blacks known from the rubber industry, preferably in finely divided form (fluffy), which in general have an average particle diameter of 1 to 9 ?m, preferably 1 to 8 ?m, without mechanical treatment, before they are suspended. This facilitates dispersion, so that aqueous suspensions with filler particles having an average particle diameter of significantly less than 10 ?m are obtained without a high expenditure of energy. Precipitated silica can advantageously be employed in the form of a filter-cake which has been washed free from salts. Possible metal salts are those which originate from elements of groups IIa, IIb, IIIa and VIII of the periodic table of the elements. This classification into groups corresponds to the old IUPAC recommendation (see Periodisches System der Elemente [Periodic Table of the Elements] , Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1985) . Typical 7 representatives are magnesium chloride, zinc sulfate, aluminium chloride, aluminium sulfate, iron chloride, iron sulfate, cobalt nitrate and nickel sulfate, the salts of aluminium being preferred. Aluminium sulfate and other Lewis acids are particularly preferred. The salts are employed in an amount of 0.1 to 6.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of rubber. The metal salts prove to be particularly suitable for influencing the particle size of the precipitated products in the desired manner. Mineral acids, such as e. g. sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid, are optionally additionally used to establish the desired pH, sulfuric acid being particularly preferred. However, it is also possible to employ carboxylic acids, such as e. g. formic and acetic acid. The amount of acid depends on the nature and amount of the water-soluble metal salt, of the filler, of the organosilane employed, of the rubber and of the alkali metal silicate optionally present. It can easily be determined by a few orientating experiments. In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, up to 5 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of rubber, of silica (SiO2) in the form of an alkali metal silicate solution, preferably as water-glass with an Na2O: SiO2 molar ratio of 2 : 1 to 1 : 4, are also additionally employed. The alkali metal silicate solution can be added here both to the rubber component and to the filler suspension. Addition to the rubber component is preferred, especially in the continuous procedure. 8 The process according to the invention is in general carried out as follows: A filler suspension is first prepared by dispersing a portion, preferably >50 %, of the filler contained in the end product, together with the metal salt, the organosilane compound and optionally the alkali metal silicate solution, in water, optionally in the presence of an emulsifier. The total amount of water employed depends on the nature of the filler and the degree of breakdown. In general, the water-insoluble constituents of the suspension are about 4 to 15 per cent by weight. This value is not a binding limitation, and the actual value can also be either below or above this. The maximum content is limited by the ability of the suspension to be pumped. The filler suspension thus prepared in then mixed intimately with the rubber latex, which optionally contains alkali metal silicate solution, or the aqueous emulsion, which optionally contains alkali metal silicate solution, of a rubber solution (first batch, first stage). Known stirrer units, such as e. g. propeller stirrers, are suitable for this. After the mixing, a pH in the range from 6.0 to 4.5 is first established with further stirring, preferably of a Lewis acid, in particular A12(SO4)3 with the aid of an acid [sic]. Rubber base particles with a constant filler and organosilane content are obtained here. The size of these base particles is controlled by the amount of metal salt chosen, in the range from 0.1 to 6.5 phr. The control takes place such that the largest particle size is obtained with the lowest amount of metal salt. 9 The remaining content of the filler suspension (second batch, splitting amount) is added with further lowering of the pH to 4.5 to 2.6, in particular approx. 3.2 (second stage), so that the rubber in the mixture precipitates out together with the filler modified by organosilicon compound(s). The solids content of the latices employed is in general 20 to 25 wt.%. The solids content of the rubber solutions is in general 3 to 35 wt.%, and that of the rubber emulsions is in general 5 to 3 0 wt.%. For working up of rubber powders with filler contents of >100 phr it is advantageous to lower the pH to 2.5 before the phase separation. An acid from the abovementioned group of acids is expediently used for this. The process according to the invention can be carried out both discontinuously and continuously. The rubber powder which has precipitated out is advantageously separated off with the aid of a centrifuge and then dried to a residual water content of in general The rubber powders according to the invention are prepared using one or more organosilicon compounds of the general formula 10 or R1,, (RO)3-n Si-(alkenyl) (III) in which the symbols denote B: -SCN, -SH, -Cl, -NH2 (if q = 1) or -Sx- (if q = 2) R and R1 : an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, branched or unbranched, the phenyl radical, where all the radical [sic] R and R1 in each case can have the same or a different meaning, preferably an alkyl group, R: a C1-C4-alkyl, -C1-C4-alkoxy group, branched or unbranched, n: 0; 1 or 2, Alk: a divalent straight-chain or branched carbon [sic] radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, m: 0 or 1 Ar: an arylene radical having 6 to 12 C atoms p: 0 or 1, with the proviso that p and n do not simultaneously denote 0 x: a number from 2 to 8, alkyl: a divalent straight-chain or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 2 0 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms, 11 alkenyl: a divalent straight-chain or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms. These compounds, if they are water-soluble, are in general employed in the form of solutions, or otherwise in the form of emulsions, it also being possible for the emulsions to be formed in the presence of the silica suspension. The emulsion or solution is preferably prepared at room temperature. However, temperatures of 10 to 60 ° C are also suitable. The concentration of the organosilicon compound(s) in the suspension is 0.5 to 20 wt.%, preferably 5 to 12 wt.%, based on the total amount of filler employed. The pH of the emulsion or solution, like the pH of the filler suspension, after admixing of the emulsion is in the weakly acid or weakly alkaline range, but preferably at a pH of about 7. The term water-insoluble used is to be understood as follows: After mixing of the organosilane compound (without surface-active substance) with the suspension of the filler, no clear solution is formed around the filler particles in the desired pH and concentration range. Rather, the separate phases comprising water, solid and organosilicon compounds remain. The oligosulfidic organosilanes according to the general formula I given above are known per se and can be prepared by known processes. Examples of organosilanes which are preferably employed are the bis(trialkoxysilyl-alkyl) oligosulfides which can be prepared e.g. in 12 accordance with BE-PS 787 691, such as bis-(trimethoxy-, triethoxy-, -trimethoxy- ethoxy-, -tripropoxy-, -tributoxy-, -tri-i-propoxy- and -tri-i-butoxy-silyl-methyl) oligosulfides, and in particular the di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexasulfides etc., furthermore bis-(2-tri-methoxy-, -triathoxy-, -trimethoxyethoxy-, -tripropoxy- and -tri-n-and -i-butoxy-ethyl) oligosulfides and in particular the di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexasulfides etc., and furthermore the bis-(3-trimethoxy-, -triethoxy-, -trimethoxyethoxy-, -tripropoxy-, -tri-n-butoxy- and tri-i-butoxysilyl-propyl) oligosulfides and in particular in turn the di-, tri-, tetrasulfides etc. up to octasulfides, and moreover the corresponding bis-(3-trialkoxysilylisobutyl) oligosulfides, the corresponding bis-(4-trialkoxysilylbutyl) oligosulfides. Of these selected organosilanes of the general formula I which are built up relatively simply, the bis-(3-trimethoxy-, -triethoxy- and tripropoxysilylpropyl) oligosulfides are in turn preferred, and in particular the di-, tri-, tetra- and pentasulfides, especially the triethoxy compounds with 2, 3 or 4 sulfur atoms, and mixtures thereof. Alk in the general formula I denotes a divalent, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical, preferably a saturated alkylene radical with a straight carbon chain having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Compounds which are also specifically suitable are the silanes with the following structural formula 13 and methoxy analogues thereof, which can be prepared in accordance with DE-AS 25 58191. These compounds are not soluble in water. Surface-active substances which are used in this case are, preferably, nonionic, cationic and anionic surfactants. Their concentration in the emulsion is 1 to 15 wt.%, preferably 2 to 10 wt.%, based on the amount of organosilane compounds. Examples of such surfactants are alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, alkyl polyglycol ethers,polyglycols, alkyltrimethylammonium salts, dialkyldimtheylammonium [sic] salts, alkylbenzyltrimethylammomium salts, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkyl hydrogen sulfates, alkyl sulfates. The naturally occurring or precipitated fillers to be modified, also as a mixture of two or more of these fillers, are fillers which are known per se in rubber technology. An essential prerequisite for their suitability is the presence on the surface of the filler particles of OH groups which can react with the alkoxy groups of the organosilicon compounds. These are oxidic and silicatic fillers which are compatible with rubbers and which have the fine division necessary and known for this use. 14 Kaolins or clays are particularly suitable as naturally occurring silicates. However, kieselguhr or diatomaceous earth can also be employed Examples of oxidic fillers which may be mentioned are aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or trihydrate and titanium dioxide. "Modified fillers" in this connection means that the organosilane compounds are bonded to the surface either by chemical reaction (OH groups) or adsorptively. The adsorptively bonded groups are converted into chemically bonded groups by the drying step. The emulsion is mixed with the filler suspension in amounts such that the concentration of the organosilicon compound is 0.5 to 20 wt.%, preferably 5 to 12 wt.%, based on the amount of filler.The modified fillers comprise 0.5 to 20 wt.%, preferably 0.5 to 12 wt.% of the organosilicon compounds, based on the dry filler. They are particularly suitable for use in rubber mixtures which can be vulcanized and shaped. A filter-cake from the silica precipitation which has been washed free from salts is advantageously employed for the process according to the invention. Suspensions such as are obtained by working up naturally occurring fillers, such as clays, are also suitable. An energy-intensive drying step is thus saved, compared with the prior art. 15 The silicas employed are known from the rubber sector. In general, they have an N2 surface area, determined by the known BET method, of 35 to 700 m2/g, a CTAB surface area of 30 to 500 m2/g, and a DBP number of 150 to 400 ml/l00g. The product according to the invention comprises these silicas in an amount of 5 to 250 parts, in particular 20 to 100 parts, based on 100 parts of rubber. If the fillers are white naturally occurring fillers, such as clays or siliceous chalks with an N2 surface area of 2 to 35 m2/g, these are employed in an amount of 5 to 350 parts, based on 100 parts of rubber. Filler-containing rubber powders which comprise silicas and carbon black as a mixture can also be prepared. However, the total amount of filler does not exceed 250 phr. Carbon blacks such as are generally employed in rubber processing are particularly suitable. These include furnace blacks, gas and flame blacks with an iodine adsorption number of 5 to 1000 m2/g, a CTAB number of 15 to 600 m2/g, a DBP adsorption of 30 to 400 ml/100 g and a 24 M4 DBP number of 50 to 3 70 ml/100 g, in an amount of 5 to 100 parts, in particular 20 to 100 parts per 100 parts of rubber. It has been found possible to employ as rubber types and prepare as aqueous emulsions the following species, individually or as a mixture with one another: Natural rubber, emulsion SBR with a styrene content of 10 16 to 50 %, butyl-acrylonitrile rubber. Butyl rubbers, terpolymers of ethylene, propylene (EPM) and non-conjugated dienes (EPDM), butadiene rubbers, SBR, prepared by the solution polymerization process, with styrene contents of 10 to 25 %, and contents of 1,2-vinyl constituents of 20 to 55 % and isoprene rubbers, in particular 3,4-polyisoprene. In the case of polymers prepared by solvent processes, particular safety measures should be taken because of the solvent content. In addition to the rubbers mentioned, the following elastomers are possible, individually or as a mixture: carboxyl rubbers, epoxide rubbers, trans-polypentenamer, halogenated butyl rubbers, rubbers of 2-chloro-butadiene, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, epichlorohydrins, optionally also chemically modified natural rubber, such as e. g. epoxidized types. In addition to the fillers already mentioned, the rubber powders according to the invention optionally comprise known processing or vulcanization auxiliary substances, such as zinc oxide, zinc stearate, stearic acid, polyalcohols, polyamines, plasticizers, antioxidants against heat, light or oxygen and ozone, reinforcing resins, flameproofing agents, such as e. g. Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2, pigments, various crosslinking chemicals and optionally sulfur, in the conventional concentrations of rubber technology. It is possible according to the invention to prepare a finely divided rubber powder which comprises silica 17 modified with organosilicon compounds, is free-flowing and also remains free-flowing after exposure to mechanical stresses (e. g. conveying, packing). Because of its finely divided nature, no grinding or other comminution measures are necessary to obtain finely divided dispersions. These then lead to the finely divided rubber powders which are easy to process, and to vulcanization products with improved properties. The ease of implementation and the advantages of the present invention are explained in the following examples, without the invention being limited to these measures demonstrated. 18 Raw materials used in the preparation E - SBR Emulsion styrene-butadiene latex with a styrene content of 23.5 % (BSD Si 69 Bis(triethoxysilylpropyl}tetrasulfane (Degussa AG) Si 75 Bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfane (Degussa AG) Ultrasil VN3, Precipitated silica with an Ultrasil VN3 N2 surface area (BET) of 175 m2/g filter-cake (Degussa AG}, dried or as a filter-cake, optionally granulated (gran) Ultrasil 7000, Precipitated silica with an Ultrasil 7000 N2 surface area (BET) of 175 m2/g and filter-cake improved dispersing properties (Degussa AG), dried or as a filter-cake, optionally granulated (gran) Marlipal 1618/25 Emulsifier : fatty alcohol polyethylene glycol ether (Huls AG) 19 Example X Preparation of powdered rubber based on E-SBR, Ultrasil 7000 and Si 69 A stable suspension of 14.3 kg Ultrasil 7000, 1.58 kg Si 69 ( corresponds to 11.3 %, based on the silica ), 142g Marlipal 1618/25 (corresponds to 1 %, based on the silica ) in 255 L water is prepared, while stirring, and is then divided up in the ratio 5:1. The larger portion of the suspension is mixed with 94.3 L of a 21.0 % E-SBR latex emulsion, with vigorous stirring, and then lowered to a pH of 5.0 by addition of an approx. 10% A12(SO4)3 solution. This first precipitating step is followed by addition of the second portion of the suspension, prepared as above, with subsequent lowering of the pH to an end point of 3.7. After the precipitating process, mechanical removal of most of the water takes place, followed by a drying step to a residual moisture content of 20 Example IX Preparation of powdered rubber based on E-SBR, Ultrasil 7000 filter-cake and Si 69 A stable suspension of 59.0 kg Ultrasil 7000 filter-cake, 1.60 kg Si 69 ( corresponds to 11.3 %, based on the silica ), 140g Marlipal 1618/25 (corresponds to 1 %, based on the silica) in 189 L water is prepared, while stirring, and is then divided up in the ratio 5:1. The larger portion of the suspension is mixed with 95.7 L of a 20.5 % E-SBR latex emulsion, with vigorous stirring, and then lowered to a pH of 4.9 by addition of an approx. 10% A12(SO4)3 solution. This first precipitating step is followed by addition of the second portion of the suspension, prepared as above, with subsequent lowering of the pH to 3.4. After the precipitating process, mechanical removal of most of the water takes place, followed by a drying step to a residual moisture content of 21 Example III Preparation of powdered rubber based on E-SBR, Ultrasil VN3 and Si 69 A stable suspension of 13.9 kg Ultrasil VN3, 1.55 kg Si 69 (corresponds to 11.3 %, based on the silica), 137g Marlipal 1618/15 (corresponds to 1 %, based on the silica) in 267 L water is prepared, while stirring, and is then divided up in the ratio 5:1. The larger portion of the suspension is mixed with 94.7 L of a 20.9 % E-SBR latex emulsion, with vigorous stirring, and then lowered to a pH of 5.2 by addition of an approx. 10% A12{SO4)3 solution. This first precipitating step is followed by addition of the second portion of the suspension, prepared as above, with subsequent lowering of the pH to 3.5. After the precipitating process, mechanical removal of most of the water takes place, followed by a drying step to a residual moisture content of 22 Example IV Preparation of powdered rubber based on E-SBR, Ultrasil 7000 and Si 75 A stable suspension of 14.6 kg Ultrasil 7000, 1.59 kg Si 75 (corresponds to 11.3 %, based on the silica ), 142g Marlipal 1618/15 (corresponds to 1 %, based on the silica ) in 258 L water is prepared, while stirring, and is then divided up in the ratio 5:1. The larger portion of the suspension is mixed with 93.8 L of a 21.5 % E-SBR latex emulsion, with vigorous stirring, and then lowered to a pH of 5.1 by addition of an approx. 10% Al2(SO4)3 solution. This first precipitating step is followed by addition of the second portion of the suspension (saturation agent)with subsequent lowering of the pH to 3.3. After the precipitating process, mechanical removal of most of the water takes place, followed by a drying step to a residual moisture content of 23 Example V Preparation of powdered rubber based on E-SBR, Ultrasil 7000 filter-cake Si 75 A stable suspension of 61.0 kg Ultrasil 7000 filter-cake/ 1.63 kg Si 75 (corresponds to 11.3 %, based on the silica), 140 g Marlipal 1618/25 (corresponds to 1 %, based on the silica) in 195 1 water is prepared, while stirring, and is then divided up in the ratio 5:1. The larger portion of the suspension is mixed with 96.2 L of a 20.5 % E-SBR latex emulsion, with vigorous stirring, and then lowered to a pH of 4.8 by addition of an approx. 10% A12(SO4)3 solution. This first precipitating step is followed by addition of the second portion of the suspension (saturation agent) with subsequent lowering of the pH to 3.5. After the precipitating process, mechanical removal of most of the water takes place, followed by a drying step to a residual moisture content of 24 The following products were employed in the rubber technology use: Chemicals SBR 1500 Styrene-butadiene rubber with a styrene content of 23.5 % Naftolen ZD Arom. mineral oil plasticizer EPB 1 Powdered rubber comprising 100 parts E-SBR 1500, 77 parts Ultrasil 7000 /Si69 EPB 2 Powdered rubber comprising 100 parts E-SBR 1500, 83 parts Ultrasil 7000 (fromfilter-cake) /Si69 EPB 3 Powdered rubber comprising 100 parts E-SBR 1500, 72 parts Ultrasil VN3 /Si69 EPB 4 Powdered rubber comprising 100 parts E-SBR 1500, 76 parts Ultrasil 7000 /Si75 EPB 5 Powdered rubber comprising 100 parts E-SBR, 80 parts Ultrasil 7000 (from filter cake) / Si75 6 PPD N-(1,3-Dimethylbuthyl)-N-phenyl-p- phenylenediamine [sic] CBS Benzothiazyl-2-cyclohexylsulfenamide DPG Diphenylguanidine 25 The following test methods of rubber technology were used: Mooney viscosity DIN 53 523/3 Tensile test on bar DIN 53 504 Shore hardness DIN 53 505 Tear propagation resistance ASTM D 624 Abrasion DIN 53 516 Dispersion (Philips) ISO/DIS 11 345 Dispersion (coarseness) DIN 4788 Elongation at break DIN 53504 Breaking energy DIN 53504 26 Example A Comparison of the rubber technology profile of values of the product according to the invention(preparation example 1) against a standard mixture a) Recipe Mixture 1 2 [phr] [phr] SBR 1500 100 EPB 1 - 177 Ultrasil 7000 gran 70 Si 69 9 Naftolen ZD 25 25 ZnO 3 3 Stearic acid 2 2 6 PPD 2 2 Wax * 1 1 CBS 1.7 1.7 DPG 2 2 Sulfur 1.5 1.5 27 b) Mixing process 1st stage Internal mixer : GK 1.5 E; Volume 1.5 L; Friction 1:1; Stamp 5.5 bar Mixture 1 2 Filling level 0.55 0.6 RPM 50 Flow temperature [°C] 60 40 60 0 - 0.5 SBR 1500 0 - l EPB 1, ZnO, stearic acid, oil, 6 PPD, 0.5 -1 ½ Ultrasil 7000, Wax ½ Si 69, oil, ZnO, stearic acid, wax 1-4 mix and eject 1-2 ½ Ultrasil 7000, ½ Si 69, 6 PPD 2' clean 2 - 4' mix and eject Ejection temperature - 135°C Ejection temperature - 135°C 28 2nd stage Internal mixer : GK 1.5 E; Volume 1.5 L; Friction 1:1; Stamp 5.5 bar; RPM 30; Filling level 0.53; Flow temperature 60°C Both mixtures 0 - 1,5' Batch stage 1, accelerator, sulfur 1.5' Ejection and pull out rolled sheet 29 c) Rubber technology data Mixture number 1 2 ML 1+4 45 51 Tensile strength [MPa] 21.4 25.0 Elongation at break [%] 450 600 Breaking energy [J] 20.3 30.8 Shore A hardness 71 69 Tear propagation resistance ASTM DIE C [N/mm] 50 57 Abrasion [mm3] 82 69 Dispersion (Philips) 7 8 Dispersion (coarseness) Coarseness factor Pc2 Pa 613 36 The powdered rubber from E-SBR latex, Ultrasil 7000 and Si 69 is distinguished by higher strength values, a more 30 favourable abrasion and a significantly improved dispersion compared with the conventional mixing procedure. Example B Comparison of the rubber technology profile of values of the product according to the invention EPB 2 (E-SBR / Ultrasil VN3/Si69), EPB 3 (E-SBR / Ultrasil VN3 filter-cake/Si69) a) Recipe Mixture 1 2 [phr] [phr] EPB 2 172 EPB 3 - 172 Naftolen ZD 25 25 ZnO 3 3 Stearic acid 2 2 6 PPD 2 2 Wax 1 1 CBS 1.7 1.7 DPG 2 2 Sulfur 2.2 2. 31 b) Mixing process 1st stage Internal mixer : GK 1.5 E; Volume 1.5 L; Friction 1:1; Stamp 5.5 bar Mixture 1.2 Filling level 0.6 RPM 40 Flow temperature [°C] 600 0-1' EPB 2 or EPB 3, ZnO, stearic acid, oil, 6 PPD, wax 1 - 4' mix and eject Ejection temperature - 135°C 2. stage Internal mixer : GK 1.5 E; Volume 1.5 L; Friction 1:1; Stamp 5.5 bar; RPM 30; Filling level 0.53; Flow temperature 60°C Both mixtures 0 - 1,5' Batch stage 1, accelerator, sulfur 1.5' Ejection and pull out rolled sheet 32 c) Rubber technology data Mixture number 1 2 ML 1+4 51 56 Tensile strength [MPa] 19.7 21.0 300% modulus (MPa] 6.4 6.4 Elongation at break [%] 630 650 Breaking energy [J] 163 180 Shore hardness 67 69 Din abrasion [mm3] 99 88 Dispersion (Philips) 5 8 Dispersion (coarseness) Coarseness factor Pc2 Pa 3000 108 The powdered rubber from E-SBR latex, Ultrasil VN3 filter-cake and Si 69 (EPB 3) is distinguished by higher strength values, a better abrasion and by an excellent dispersion in the compound compared with Ultrasil VN 3 (EPD 2) 33 Example C Comparison between EPB 4 (E-SBR / Ultrasil VN3 filter-cake / Si69) and EPB 5 (E-SBR / Ultrasil 7000 filter-cake / Si69) a) Recipe Mixture 1 2 [phr] [phr] EPB 4 176 EPB 5 - 18 0 Naftolen ZD 2 5 2 5 ZnO RS 3 3 Stearic acid 2 2 6 PPD 2 2 Wax 1 1 CBS 1.7 1.7 DPG 2 2 Sulfur 1.5 1.5 34 b) Mixing process 2nd stage 1st stage 35 c) Rubber technology data Mixture number 1 2 Tensile strength [MPa] 18.2 20.3 300% modulus (MPa) 6.7 8.9 Breaking energy [J] 138 149 Shore hardness 70 72 DIN abrasion [mm3] 97 81 Dispersion (Philips) 8 9 Dispersion (coarseness) Coarseness factor Pc Pa 90 16 1— ..-. The product EPB 5 with Ultrasil 7000 filter-cake / Si 75 is distinguished by even better strength values, a further increase in the abrasion resistance and a better dispersion compared with the Ultrasil VN3 filter-cake (EPB 4). -36- WE CLAIM 1, Process for the preparation of finely divided rubbers (rubber powders) by precipitation from aqueous mixtures which comprises 50 to 350 parts based on 100 parts of rubber of a filler such as herein described in the form of suspensions 0.1 to 6.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of rubber of a water- soluble salts of a metal of groups IIa, lIb, IIIa and VIII of the periodic table of the elements and a rubber latex (polymer latex), aqueous emulsions of a rubber or rubber solution, characterized in that: a) 0,5 to 20 wt% based on the total amount of filler of one or more organosilicon compound(s) such as herein described containing at least one alkoxy group is or are dissolved or emulsified, optionally in the presence of a surface-active substance such as herein described in water, or the compounds mentioned are mixed directly, optionally with a surface-active substance, with an aqueous suspension of an oxidic or silicatie finely divided filler or a mixture of these fillers at a temperature of 10 to 60°C, preferably at room temperature, while stirring, the amount of this mixture envisaged for incorporation in the rubber, based on the filler content, in general being divided into two batches, and b) a first batch is mixed with the polymer latex, the polymer emulsion or the polymer solution, the pH of this mixture is lowered to a pH of 6.0 to 4.5 with an acid, in particular a Lewis acid (first batch, first stage) c) the remaining content (second batch, splitting amount) is added with further lowering of the pH to 4.S to 2.6, in particular approx. 3.2 (second stage), so that the 37 rubber in the mixture precipitates out together with the filler modified by organosilicon compound(s) d) the solid which has precipitated out is separated off by measures known per se, e) it is preferably washed, in order to adjust the pH to a value of approx. 6 to 7 which is more compatible with the further processing, and f) the filler-containing rubber is dried. 2. Process according to claim 1 characterised in that one or more organosilicon compounds of the general formula 38 R and R1 : an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, branched or unbranched, the phenyl radical, where all the radical [sic] R and R1 in each case can have the same or a different meaning, preferably an alkyl group, R: a C1-C4-alkyl/ -C1-C4-alkoxy group, branched or unbranched, n: 0; 1 or 2, Alk: a divalent straight-chain or branched carbon [sic] radical having 1 to 6 carbon . atoms , m: 0 or 1 Ar: an arylene radical having 6 to 12 C atoms p; 0 or 1, with the proviso that p and n do not simultaneously denote 0 x: a number from 2 to 8,, alkyl: a divalent straight-chain or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms, alkenyl: a divalent straight-chain or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 2 0 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms 39 3. Process according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that nonionic, cationic or anionic surfactants are employed as the surface-active substances. 4. Process according to claim 3, characterized in that the surfactants are employed in an amount of 1 to 15 wt.%, in particular 2 to 10 wt.%, based on the amount of organosilane compounds in the emulsion. 5. Process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concentration of the organosilicon compound in the suspension is 0.3 to 15 wt.%, based on the filler (absolutely dried). 6. Process according to claim 1 characterized in that the rubber powder is precipitated in the presence of an acid, preferably a lewis acid, in particular Al2 (SO4}3. 7. Process according to claim 3, characterized in that a surfactant from the class of fatty alcohol polyethylene glycol ethers or alkylphenol polyethylene glycol ethers is employed. 8. " Process according to one or more of the preceding claims, 40 characterized in that the filter-cake, washed free from salts, of a precipitated silica is employed in particular as the filler in stage a). 9. Process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the solid obtained by working up naturally occurring fillers, in particular clays, is employed. 10. Process according to claim 1 characterized in that > 50 parts of the filler content envisaged in the rubber powder is employed in the first batch according to step b). 11. Process according to claim 1 characterized in that at a content of > 80 parts of filler phr (per hundred parts of rubber), 90 to 99 % of the filler content envisaged in the rubber powder is employed in the first batch according to step b). 12. Process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a carbon black which can be employed in rubber technology is added in the desired amount to the emulsion/suspension according to step a) or the mixture according to step b). -41- 13, Process according to claim 1 in that conventional processing auxiliary substances, antioxidants, activators and/or cross-linking chemicals of rubber technology and sulfur are added in the conventional amounts either to the emulsion, suspension or solution according to claim 1, point a) or to the mixtures produced according to points b) c). Process for the preparation of finely divided rubbers (rubber powders) by precipitation from aqueous mixtures which comprises 50 to 350 parts based on 100 parts of rubber of a filler such as herein described in the form of suspensions, 0,1 to 8.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of rubber of a water-soluble salts of a metal of groups IIa, IIb,IIIa and VIII of the periodic table of the elements and a rubber latex (polymer latex), aqueous emulsions of a rubber or rubber solution, characterized in that a) 0.5 to 20 wt % based on the total amount of filler of one or more organosilicon compound(s) such as herein described containing at least one alkoxy group is or are dissolved or emulsified, optionally in the presence of a surface-active substance such as herein described, in water, or the compounds mentioned are mixed directly, optionally with a surface-active substance, with an aqueous suspension of an oxidic or silicate finely divided filler or a mixture of these Fillers at a temperature of 10 to 60°C, preferably at room temperature, while stirring, the amount of this mixture envisaged for incorporation in the rubber, based on the filler content, in general being divided into two batches, and b) a first batch is mixed with the polymer latex, the polymer emulsion or the polymer solution, the pH of this mixture is lowered to a pH of 6.0 to 4,5 with an acid, in particular a Lewis acid (first batch, first stage), c) the remaining content (second batch, splitting amount) is added with further lowering of the pH to 4,5 to 2.6, in particular approx, 3.2 (second stage), so that the rubber in the mixture precipitates out together with the filler modified by organosilicon compound(s) d) the solid which has precipitated out is separated off by measures known per se, e) it is preferably washed, in order to adjust the pH to a value of approx 6 to 7 which is more compatible with the further processing, and f) the filler-containing rubber is dried.

Full Text

-1A-
The invention relates to a process for the preparation of rubber powders, comprising fillers modified with organosilicon compounds, and the powders thus prepared.
A large number of publications have appeared relating to the aim and purpose of the use of powdered rubbers and possible processes for their preparation.
The explanation of the interest in pulverulent rubbers can readily be found from the processing techniques of the -rubber industry. There, rubber mixtures are prepared with a high expenditure on time, energy and personnel. The main reason for this is that the raw material rubber is present in the form of balls, and the other constituents of the vulcanizable mixture must be incorporated.
Comminution of the balls and intimate mixing with fillers, mineral oil plasticizers and vulcanization auxiliaries takes place on mills in internal mixers in several process stages. Between the stages, the mixture is in general cooled on a batch-off line, deposited on pallets as rolled sheet and intermediately stored. The internal mixers or mills are followed by appropriate extruders or calendering processes.
Only a completely new processing technology can lead away from this very involved technique of rubber processing. The use of free-flowing rubber powders has therefore been discussed for a relatively long time, because this results

2
in the possibility of being able to process rubber mixtures easily and quickly in the same way as thermoplastic powders.
DE-PS 2822 148 discloses a process for the preparation of a pulverulent, filler-containing rubber.
According to this patent specification, an aqueous filler emulsion is added to a rubber latex (e. g. natural rubber) a rubber solution (e. g. BR) or an aqueous emulsion of a synthetic rubber (e. g. SBR) and the desired rubber powder is precipitated out.
To avoid the particle size-dependent filler contents obtained by this process, patents have been applied for relating to variants, which belong to the prior art as DE-PS 3723 213 and DE-PS 3723 214.
According to DE-PS 3723213, in a process which proceeds in two stages, an amount of >50 % of the filler is first integrated into the rubber powder particles. In the second step, the remainder of the filler is absorbed on to the so-called rubber base particles.
This can be regarded as a variant of powdering, since no bond is formed between the filler and rubber.
As E.T. Italiaander (Paper 151. Technische Tagung der Rubber Div. der ACS [Technical Conference of the Rubber Div. of the ACS], Anaheim, California, 6th - 9th May 1997 (GAK 6/1997 (50) 456-464) found, however, regardless of the great future predicted in the Delphi Report (Delphi Report "Kunftige Herstellverfahren in der Gummiindustrie [Future Production Processes in the Rubber Industry]" Rubber Journal, vol. 154, no. 11, 20-34 (1972)) for pulverulent and granulated rubber, and numerous attempts undertaken by

3
well-known polymer producers from the middle of the seventies into the early eighties to prepare pulverulent NBR, SBR-carbon black masterbatches and granulated NR, the standard delivery form of polymers has remained rubber balls.
A disadvantage of the known processes on the one hand lies in the fact that a grinding operation is required in order to establish the particle diameter of the filler particles of 10 ?m regarded as necessary for the quality of the end product.
However, this not only results in a high expenditure on energy, but also causes damage to the filler structure, which, in addition to the active surface area, is an important characteristic parameter for the effectiveness in use in rubbers.
On the other hand, the ease of handling of the products according to the prior art suffers due to the particles sticking to one another during storage
A precipitation process has now been applied for under number P 198 16 972.8, in which suspensions of fillers modified with organosilicon compounds are prepared and these are stirred into the rubber emulsion. The rubber powder is then precipitated out of this mixture.
The object of the invention is to provide a process which leads with few process stages to a rubber powder which can advantageously be employed and comprises modified fillers.

4
The invention provides a process for the preparation of finely divided rubbers (rubber powders) by precipitation from aqueous mixtures which comprise filler in the form of suspensions, water-soluble salts of a metal of groups IIa, IIb, IIIa and VIII of the periodic table of the elements and a rubber latex, an aqueous emulsion of a rubber or a rubber solution, which is characterized in that
a) one or more organosilicon compound(s) containing at
least one alkoxy group is or are dissolved or
emulsified, optionally in the presence of a surface-
active substance, in water, or the compounds mentioned
are mixed directly, optionally with a surface-active
substance, with an aqueous suspension of an oxidic or
silicatic finely divided filler or a mixture of these
fillers at a temperature of 10 to 60 ° C, preferably at
room temperature, while stirring, the amount of this
mixture envisaged for incoporation in the rubber, based
on the filler content, in general being divided into two
batches, and
b) a first batch is mixed with the polymer latex, the
polymer emulsion or the polymer solution, the pH of this
mixture is lowered to a pH of 6.0 to 4.5 with an acid,
in particular a Lewis acid (first batch, first stage),
c) the remaining content (second batch, splitting amount)
is added with further lowering of the pH to 4.5 to 2.6,
in particular approx. 3.2 (second stage), so that the
rubber in the mixture precipitates out together with the
filler modified by organosilicon compound(s)

5
d) the solid which has precipitated out is separated off by-
measures known per se,
e) it is preferably washed, in order to adjust the pH to a
value of approx. 6 to 7 which is more compatible with
the further processing, and
f) the filler-containing rubber is dried.
Drying is advantageously carried out in a drier at a gas intake temperature of 140 to 160°C and a gas discharge temperature of 50 to 70°C. The temperature of the product should not exceed 40 to 50 °C.
The duration, which depends on the pH and the filler content, and the extent of the precipitating operation can easily be determined within a measurement series.
In the case of a powdered rubber with a high filler content (>80 parts of filler phr), 1 to 10 parts of this amount will in general be employed as the remaining content in the second stage in the precipitation of the powdered rubber.
If the powdered rubber comprises less than 80 parts of filler phr, e. g. only 50 parts phr in total, >10 to 20 parts of this amount is further introduced into the mixture in the form of a suspension before the conclusion of the precipitating operation.
The fillers are bonded into the outer particle region (margin region) of the rubber powders in this manner.

6
These contents of the filler are therefore not absorbed externally on to the individual rubber particles (see DE-PS 37 23213), but are integrated into the rubber surface.
This distribution of the filler and the nature of the bonding of the fillers in the rubber composition cause the high flowability of the powders according to the invention and prevent agglutination during storage of the powders, without these properties being lost due to mechanical stresses during conveying, silation etc.
Further fillers which are optionally employed are the carbon blacks known from the rubber industry, preferably in finely divided form (fluffy), which in general have an average particle diameter of 1 to 9 ?m, preferably 1 to 8 ?m, without mechanical treatment, before they are suspended.
This facilitates dispersion, so that aqueous suspensions with filler particles having an average particle diameter of significantly less than 10 ?m are obtained without a high expenditure of energy.
Precipitated silica can advantageously be employed in the form of a filter-cake which has been washed free from salts.
Possible metal salts are those which originate from elements of groups IIa, IIb, IIIa and VIII of the periodic table of the elements. This classification into groups corresponds to the old IUPAC recommendation (see Periodisches System der Elemente [Periodic Table of the Elements] , Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1985) . Typical

7
representatives are magnesium chloride, zinc sulfate, aluminium chloride, aluminium sulfate, iron chloride, iron sulfate, cobalt nitrate and nickel sulfate, the salts of aluminium being preferred. Aluminium sulfate and other Lewis acids are particularly preferred.
The salts are employed in an amount of 0.1 to 6.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of rubber. The metal salts prove to be particularly suitable for influencing the particle size of the precipitated products in the desired manner. Mineral acids, such as e. g. sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid, are optionally additionally used to establish the desired pH, sulfuric acid being particularly preferred. However, it is also possible to employ carboxylic acids, such as e. g. formic and acetic acid.
The amount of acid depends on the nature and amount of the water-soluble metal salt, of the filler, of the organosilane employed, of the rubber and of the alkali metal silicate optionally present. It can easily be determined by a few orientating experiments.
In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, up to 5 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of rubber, of silica (SiO2) in the form of an alkali metal silicate solution, preferably as water-glass with an Na2O: SiO2 molar ratio of 2 : 1 to 1 : 4, are also additionally employed. The alkali metal silicate solution can be added here both to the rubber component and to the filler suspension. Addition to the rubber component is preferred, especially in the continuous procedure.

8
The process according to the invention is in general carried out as follows:
A filler suspension is first prepared by dispersing a portion, preferably >50 %, of the filler contained in the end product, together with the metal salt, the organosilane compound and optionally the alkali metal silicate solution, in water, optionally in the presence of an emulsifier. The total amount of water employed depends on the nature of the filler and the degree of breakdown. In general, the water-insoluble constituents of the suspension are about 4 to 15 per cent by weight. This value is not a binding limitation, and the actual value can also be either below or above this. The maximum content is limited by the ability of the suspension to be pumped.
The filler suspension thus prepared in then mixed intimately with the rubber latex, which optionally contains alkali metal silicate solution, or the aqueous emulsion, which optionally contains alkali metal silicate solution, of a rubber solution (first batch, first stage). Known stirrer units, such as e. g. propeller stirrers, are suitable for this.
After the mixing, a pH in the range from 6.0 to 4.5 is first established with further stirring, preferably of a Lewis acid, in particular A12(SO4)3 with the aid of an acid [sic]. Rubber base particles with a constant filler and organosilane content are obtained here. The size of these base particles is controlled by the amount of metal salt chosen, in the range from 0.1 to 6.5 phr. The control takes place such that the largest particle size is obtained with the lowest amount of metal salt.

9
The remaining content of the filler suspension (second batch, splitting amount) is added with further lowering of the pH to 4.5 to 2.6, in particular approx. 3.2 (second stage), so that the rubber in the mixture precipitates out together with the filler modified by organosilicon compound(s).
The solids content of the latices employed is in general 20 to 25 wt.%. The solids content of the rubber solutions is in general 3 to 35 wt.%, and that of the rubber emulsions is in general 5 to 3 0 wt.%.
For working up of rubber powders with filler contents of >100 phr it is advantageous to lower the pH to 2.5 before the phase separation. An acid from the abovementioned group of acids is expediently used for this.
The process according to the invention can be carried out both discontinuously and continuously.
The rubber powder which has precipitated out is advantageously separated off with the aid of a centrifuge and then dried to a residual water content of in general The rubber powders according to the invention are prepared using one or more organosilicon compounds of the general formula

10 or
R1,, (RO)3-n Si-(alkenyl) (III)
in which the symbols denote
B: -SCN, -SH, -Cl, -NH2 (if q = 1) or -Sx- (if q =
2)
R and R1 : an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, branched or unbranched, the phenyl radical, where all the radical [sic] R and R1 in each case can have the same or a different meaning, preferably an alkyl group,
R: a C1-C4-alkyl, -C1-C4-alkoxy group, branched or unbranched,
n: 0; 1 or 2,
Alk: a divalent straight-chain or branched carbon [sic] radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
m: 0 or 1
Ar: an arylene radical having 6 to 12 C atoms
p: 0 or 1, with the proviso that p and n do not
simultaneously denote 0
x: a number from 2 to 8,
alkyl: a divalent straight-chain or branched
unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 2 0 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms,

11
alkenyl: a divalent straight-chain or branched
unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
These compounds, if they are water-soluble, are in general employed in the form of solutions, or otherwise in the form of emulsions, it also being possible for the emulsions to be formed in the presence of the silica suspension.
The emulsion or solution is preferably prepared at room
temperature. However, temperatures of 10 to 60 ° C are also
suitable.
The concentration of the organosilicon compound(s) in the
suspension is 0.5 to 20 wt.%, preferably 5 to 12 wt.%,
based on the total amount of filler employed.
The pH of the emulsion or solution, like the pH of the
filler suspension, after admixing of the emulsion is in the
weakly acid or weakly alkaline range, but preferably at a
pH of about 7.
The term water-insoluble used is to be understood as follows:
After mixing of the organosilane compound (without surface-active substance) with the suspension of the filler, no clear solution is formed around the filler particles in the desired pH and concentration range. Rather, the separate phases comprising water, solid and organosilicon compounds remain. The oligosulfidic organosilanes according to the general formula I given above are known per se and can be prepared by known processes. Examples of organosilanes which are preferably employed are the bis(trialkoxysilyl-alkyl) oligosulfides which can be prepared e.g. in

12
accordance with BE-PS 787 691, such as bis-(trimethoxy-, triethoxy-, -trimethoxy- ethoxy-, -tripropoxy-, -tributoxy-, -tri-i-propoxy- and -tri-i-butoxy-silyl-methyl) oligosulfides, and in particular the di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexasulfides etc., furthermore bis-(2-tri-methoxy-, -triathoxy-, -trimethoxyethoxy-, -tripropoxy- and -tri-n-and -i-butoxy-ethyl) oligosulfides and in particular the di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexasulfides etc., and furthermore the bis-(3-trimethoxy-, -triethoxy-, -trimethoxyethoxy-, -tripropoxy-, -tri-n-butoxy- and tri-i-butoxysilyl-propyl) oligosulfides and in particular in turn the di-, tri-, tetrasulfides etc. up to octasulfides, and moreover the corresponding bis-(3-trialkoxysilylisobutyl) oligosulfides, the corresponding bis-(4-trialkoxysilylbutyl) oligosulfides. Of these selected organosilanes of the general formula I which are built up relatively simply, the bis-(3-trimethoxy-, -triethoxy- and tripropoxysilylpropyl) oligosulfides are in turn preferred, and in particular the di-, tri-, tetra- and pentasulfides, especially the triethoxy compounds with 2, 3 or 4 sulfur atoms, and mixtures thereof. Alk in the general formula I denotes a divalent, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical, preferably a saturated alkylene radical with a straight carbon chain having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Compounds which are also specifically suitable are the silanes with the following structural formula

13

and methoxy analogues thereof, which can be prepared in accordance with DE-AS 25 58191. These compounds are not soluble in water.
Surface-active substances which are used in this case are, preferably, nonionic, cationic and anionic surfactants. Their concentration in the emulsion is 1 to 15 wt.%, preferably 2 to 10 wt.%, based on the amount of organosilane compounds.
Examples of such surfactants are alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, alkyl polyglycol ethers,polyglycols,
alkyltrimethylammonium salts, dialkyldimtheylammonium [sic] salts, alkylbenzyltrimethylammomium salts, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkyl hydrogen sulfates, alkyl sulfates.
The naturally occurring or precipitated fillers to be modified, also as a mixture of two or more of these fillers, are fillers which are known per se in rubber technology. An essential prerequisite for their suitability is the presence on the surface of the filler particles of OH groups which can react with the alkoxy groups of the organosilicon compounds. These are oxidic and silicatic fillers which are compatible with rubbers and which have the fine division necessary and known for this use.

14
Kaolins or clays are particularly suitable as naturally occurring silicates. However, kieselguhr or diatomaceous earth can also be employed
Examples of oxidic fillers which may be mentioned are aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or trihydrate and titanium dioxide.
"Modified fillers" in this connection means that the organosilane compounds are bonded to the surface either by chemical reaction (OH groups) or adsorptively.
The adsorptively bonded groups are converted into chemically bonded groups by the drying step.
The emulsion is mixed with the filler suspension in amounts such that the concentration of the organosilicon compound is 0.5 to 20 wt.%, preferably 5 to 12 wt.%, based on the amount of filler.The modified fillers comprise 0.5 to 20 wt.%, preferably 0.5 to 12 wt.% of the organosilicon compounds, based on the dry filler.
They are particularly suitable for use in rubber mixtures
which can be vulcanized and shaped.
A filter-cake from the silica precipitation which has been
washed free from salts is advantageously employed for the
process according to the invention.
Suspensions such as are obtained by working up naturally
occurring fillers, such as clays, are also suitable.
An energy-intensive drying step is thus saved, compared with the prior art.

15 The silicas employed are known from the rubber sector.
In general, they have an N2 surface area, determined by the known BET method, of 35 to 700 m2/g, a CTAB surface area of 30 to 500 m2/g, and a DBP number of 150 to 400 ml/l00g. The product according to the invention comprises these silicas in an amount of 5 to 250 parts, in particular 20 to 100 parts, based on 100 parts of rubber.
If the fillers are white naturally occurring fillers, such as clays or siliceous chalks with an N2 surface area of 2 to 35 m2/g, these are employed in an amount of 5 to 350 parts, based on 100 parts of rubber.
Filler-containing rubber powders which comprise silicas and carbon black as a mixture can also be prepared. However, the total amount of filler does not exceed 250 phr.
Carbon blacks such as are generally employed in rubber processing are particularly suitable.
These include furnace blacks, gas and flame blacks with an iodine adsorption number of 5 to 1000 m2/g, a CTAB number of 15 to 600 m2/g, a DBP adsorption of 30 to 400 ml/100 g and a 24 M4 DBP number of 50 to 3 70 ml/100 g, in an amount of 5 to 100 parts, in particular 20 to 100 parts per 100 parts of rubber.
It has been found possible to employ as rubber types and prepare as aqueous emulsions the following species, individually or as a mixture with one another: Natural rubber, emulsion SBR with a styrene content of 10

16
to 50 %, butyl-acrylonitrile rubber.
Butyl rubbers, terpolymers of ethylene, propylene (EPM) and non-conjugated dienes (EPDM), butadiene rubbers, SBR, prepared by the solution polymerization process, with styrene contents of 10 to 25 %, and contents of 1,2-vinyl constituents of 20 to 55 % and isoprene rubbers, in particular 3,4-polyisoprene.
In the case of polymers prepared by solvent processes, particular safety measures should be taken because of the solvent content.
In addition to the rubbers mentioned, the following elastomers are possible, individually or as a mixture: carboxyl rubbers, epoxide rubbers, trans-polypentenamer, halogenated butyl rubbers, rubbers of 2-chloro-butadiene, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, epichlorohydrins, optionally also chemically modified natural rubber, such as e. g. epoxidized types.
In addition to the fillers already mentioned, the rubber powders according to the invention optionally comprise known processing or vulcanization auxiliary substances, such as zinc oxide, zinc stearate, stearic acid, polyalcohols, polyamines, plasticizers, antioxidants against heat, light or oxygen and ozone, reinforcing resins, flameproofing agents, such as e. g. Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2, pigments, various crosslinking chemicals and optionally sulfur, in the conventional concentrations of rubber technology.
It is possible according to the invention to prepare a finely divided rubber powder which comprises silica

17
modified with organosilicon compounds, is free-flowing and also remains free-flowing after exposure to mechanical stresses (e. g. conveying, packing).
Because of its finely divided nature, no grinding or other comminution measures are necessary to obtain finely divided dispersions.
These then lead to the finely divided rubber powders which are easy to process, and to vulcanization products with improved properties.
The ease of implementation and the advantages of the present invention are explained in the following examples, without the invention being limited to these measures demonstrated.

18 Raw materials used in the preparation
E - SBR Emulsion styrene-butadiene latex with a
styrene content of 23.5 % (BSD
Si 69 Bis(triethoxysilylpropyl}tetrasulfane
(Degussa AG)
Si 75 Bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfane
(Degussa AG)
Ultrasil VN3, Precipitated silica with an Ultrasil VN3 N2 surface area (BET) of 175 m2/g filter-cake (Degussa AG}, dried or as a filter-cake, optionally granulated (gran)
Ultrasil 7000, Precipitated silica with an Ultrasil 7000 N2 surface area (BET) of 175 m2/g and filter-cake improved dispersing properties (Degussa
AG), dried or as a filter-cake, optionally granulated (gran)
Marlipal 1618/25 Emulsifier : fatty alcohol polyethylene
glycol ether (Huls AG)

19 Example X
Preparation of powdered rubber based on E-SBR, Ultrasil 7000 and Si 69
A stable suspension of 14.3 kg Ultrasil 7000, 1.58 kg Si 69 ( corresponds to 11.3 %, based on the silica ), 142g
Marlipal 1618/25 (corresponds to 1 %, based on the silica ) in 255 L water is prepared, while stirring, and is then divided up in the ratio 5:1.
The larger portion of the suspension is mixed with 94.3 L of a 21.0 % E-SBR latex emulsion, with vigorous stirring, and then lowered to a pH of 5.0 by addition of an approx. 10% A12(SO4)3 solution. This first precipitating step is followed by addition of the second portion of the suspension, prepared as above, with subsequent lowering of the pH to an end point of 3.7.
After the precipitating process, mechanical removal of most of the water takes place, followed by a drying step to a residual moisture content of
20 Example IX
Preparation of powdered rubber based on E-SBR, Ultrasil 7000 filter-cake and Si 69
A stable suspension of 59.0 kg Ultrasil 7000 filter-cake, 1.60 kg Si 69 ( corresponds to 11.3 %, based on the silica ), 140g Marlipal 1618/25 (corresponds to 1 %, based on the silica) in 189 L water is prepared, while stirring, and is then divided up in the ratio 5:1.
The larger portion of the suspension is mixed with 95.7 L of a 20.5 % E-SBR latex emulsion, with vigorous stirring, and then lowered to a pH of 4.9 by addition of an approx. 10% A12(SO4)3 solution. This first precipitating step is followed by addition of the second portion of the suspension, prepared as above, with subsequent lowering of the pH to 3.4.
After the precipitating process, mechanical removal of most of the water takes place, followed by a drying step to a residual moisture content of
21 Example III
Preparation of powdered rubber based on E-SBR, Ultrasil VN3 and Si 69
A stable suspension of 13.9 kg Ultrasil VN3, 1.55 kg Si 69 (corresponds to 11.3 %, based on the silica), 137g Marlipal 1618/15 (corresponds to 1 %, based on the silica) in 267 L water is prepared, while stirring, and is then divided up in the ratio 5:1.
The larger portion of the suspension is mixed with 94.7 L of a 20.9 % E-SBR latex emulsion, with vigorous stirring, and then lowered to a pH of 5.2 by addition of an approx. 10% A12{SO4)3 solution. This first precipitating step is followed by addition of the second portion of the suspension, prepared as above, with subsequent lowering of the pH to 3.5.
After the precipitating process, mechanical removal of most of the water takes place, followed by a drying step to a residual moisture content of
22
Example IV
Preparation of powdered rubber based on E-SBR, Ultrasil 7000 and Si 75
A stable suspension of 14.6 kg Ultrasil 7000, 1.59 kg Si 75 (corresponds to 11.3 %, based on the silica ), 142g Marlipal 1618/15 (corresponds to 1 %, based on the silica ) in 258 L water is prepared, while stirring, and is then divided up in the ratio 5:1.
The larger portion of the suspension is mixed with 93.8 L of a 21.5 % E-SBR latex emulsion, with vigorous stirring, and then lowered to a pH of 5.1 by addition of an approx. 10% Al2(SO4)3 solution. This first precipitating step is followed by addition of the second portion of the suspension (saturation agent)with subsequent lowering of the pH to 3.3.
After the precipitating process, mechanical removal of most of the water takes place, followed by a drying step to a residual moisture content of
23 Example V
Preparation of powdered rubber based on E-SBR, Ultrasil 7000 filter-cake Si 75
A stable suspension of 61.0 kg Ultrasil 7000 filter-cake/ 1.63 kg Si 75 (corresponds to 11.3 %, based on the silica), 140 g Marlipal 1618/25 (corresponds to 1 %, based on the silica) in 195 1 water is prepared, while stirring, and is then divided up in the ratio 5:1.
The larger portion of the suspension is mixed with 96.2 L of a 20.5 % E-SBR latex emulsion, with vigorous stirring, and then lowered to a pH of 4.8 by addition of an approx. 10% A12(SO4)3 solution. This first precipitating step is followed by addition of the second portion of the suspension (saturation agent) with subsequent lowering of the pH to 3.5.
After the precipitating process, mechanical removal of most of the water takes place, followed by a drying step to a residual moisture content of
24
The following products were employed in the rubber technology use:
Chemicals
SBR 1500 Styrene-butadiene rubber with a styrene content of 23.5 %
Naftolen ZD Arom. mineral oil plasticizer
EPB 1 Powdered rubber comprising 100 parts E-SBR
1500, 77 parts Ultrasil 7000 /Si69
EPB 2 Powdered rubber comprising 100 parts E-SBR
1500, 83 parts Ultrasil 7000 (fromfilter-cake) /Si69
EPB 3 Powdered rubber comprising 100 parts E-SBR
1500, 72 parts Ultrasil VN3 /Si69
EPB 4 Powdered rubber comprising 100 parts E-SBR
1500, 76 parts Ultrasil 7000 /Si75
EPB 5 Powdered rubber comprising 100 parts E-SBR,
80 parts Ultrasil 7000 (from filter cake) / Si75
6 PPD N-(1,3-Dimethylbuthyl)-N-phenyl-p-
phenylenediamine [sic]
CBS Benzothiazyl-2-cyclohexylsulfenamide
DPG Diphenylguanidine

25
The following test methods of rubber technology were used:
Mooney viscosity DIN 53 523/3
Tensile test on bar DIN 53 504
Shore hardness DIN 53 505
Tear propagation resistance ASTM D 624
Abrasion DIN 53 516
Dispersion (Philips) ISO/DIS 11 345
Dispersion (coarseness) DIN 4788
Elongation at break DIN 53504
Breaking energy DIN 53504

26
Example A
Comparison of the rubber technology profile of values of the product according to the invention(preparation example 1) against a standard mixture
a) Recipe

Mixture 1 2 [phr] [phr] SBR 1500 100
EPB 1 - 177 Ultrasil 7000 gran 70 Si 69 9 Naftolen ZD 25 25 ZnO 3 3 Stearic acid 2 2 6 PPD 2 2 Wax * 1 1
CBS 1.7 1.7 DPG 2 2
Sulfur 1.5 1.5

27 b) Mixing process
1st stage
Internal mixer : GK 1.5 E; Volume 1.5 L; Friction 1:1;
Stamp 5.5 bar
Mixture 1 2
Filling level 0.55
0.6
RPM 50
Flow temperature [°C] 60 40
60
0 - 0.5 SBR 1500 0 - l EPB 1, ZnO, stearic
acid, oil, 6 PPD,
0.5 -1 ½ Ultrasil 7000, Wax
½ Si 69, oil, ZnO, stearic acid, wax 1-4 mix and
eject
1-2 ½ Ultrasil 7000, ½ Si 69, 6 PPD
2' clean
2 - 4' mix and eject
Ejection temperature - 135°C Ejection temperature - 135°C

28
2nd stage
Internal mixer : GK 1.5 E; Volume 1.5 L; Friction 1:1;
Stamp 5.5 bar; RPM 30; Filling level 0.53; Flow temperature 60°C
Both mixtures
0 - 1,5' Batch stage 1, accelerator, sulfur
1.5' Ejection and pull out rolled sheet

29
c) Rubber technology data

Mixture number 1 2 ML 1+4 45 51
Tensile strength [MPa] 21.4 25.0 Elongation at break [%] 450 600 Breaking energy [J] 20.3 30.8 Shore A hardness 71 69 Tear propagation resistance ASTM DIE C [N/mm] 50 57
Abrasion [mm3] 82 69
Dispersion (Philips) 7 8 Dispersion (coarseness) Coarseness factor Pc2 Pa 613 36
The powdered rubber from E-SBR latex, Ultrasil 7000 and Si 69 is distinguished by higher strength values, a more

30
favourable abrasion and a significantly improved dispersion compared with the conventional mixing procedure.
Example B
Comparison of the rubber technology profile of values of the product according to the invention EPB 2 (E-SBR / Ultrasil VN3/Si69), EPB 3 (E-SBR / Ultrasil VN3 filter-cake/Si69)
a) Recipe

Mixture 1 2 [phr] [phr] EPB 2 172
EPB 3 - 172 Naftolen ZD 25 25 ZnO 3 3 Stearic acid 2 2 6 PPD 2 2 Wax 1 1 CBS 1.7 1.7 DPG 2 2 Sulfur 2.2 2.

31 b) Mixing process
1st stage

Internal mixer : GK 1.5 E; Volume 1.5 L; Friction 1:1; Stamp 5.5 bar
Mixture 1.2 Filling level 0.6 RPM 40 Flow temperature [°C] 600
0-1' EPB 2 or EPB 3, ZnO, stearic acid, oil, 6 PPD, wax
1 - 4' mix and eject
Ejection temperature - 135°C
2. stage

Internal mixer : GK 1.5 E; Volume 1.5 L; Friction 1:1; Stamp 5.5 bar; RPM 30; Filling level 0.53; Flow temperature 60°C Both mixtures 0 - 1,5' Batch stage 1, accelerator, sulfur 1.5' Ejection and pull out rolled sheet

32 c) Rubber technology data

Mixture number 1 2 ML 1+4 51 56 Tensile strength [MPa] 19.7 21.0 300% modulus (MPa] 6.4 6.4 Elongation at break [%] 630 650 Breaking energy [J] 163 180 Shore hardness 67 69 Din abrasion [mm3] 99 88 Dispersion (Philips) 5 8 Dispersion (coarseness) Coarseness factor Pc2 Pa 3000 108
The powdered rubber from E-SBR latex, Ultrasil VN3 filter-cake and Si 69 (EPB 3) is distinguished by higher strength values, a better abrasion and by an excellent dispersion in the compound compared with Ultrasil VN 3 (EPD 2)

33 Example C
Comparison between EPB 4 (E-SBR / Ultrasil VN3 filter-cake / Si69) and EPB 5 (E-SBR / Ultrasil 7000 filter-cake / Si69)
a) Recipe

Mixture 1 2 [phr] [phr]
EPB 4 176
EPB 5 - 18 0 Naftolen ZD 2 5 2 5 ZnO RS 3 3 Stearic acid 2 2 6 PPD 2 2 Wax 1 1 CBS 1.7 1.7 DPG 2 2 Sulfur 1.5 1.5

34 b) Mixing process
2nd stage
1st stage

35 c) Rubber technology data

Mixture number 1 2 Tensile strength [MPa] 18.2 20.3 300% modulus (MPa) 6.7 8.9 Breaking energy [J] 138 149 Shore hardness 70 72 DIN abrasion [mm3] 97 81 Dispersion (Philips) 8 9 Dispersion (coarseness)
Coarseness factor Pc Pa 90 16
1— ..-.
The product EPB 5 with Ultrasil 7000 filter-cake / Si 75 is distinguished by even better strength values, a further increase in the abrasion resistance and a better dispersion compared with the Ultrasil VN3 filter-cake (EPB 4).

-36-
WE CLAIM
1, Process for the preparation of finely divided rubbers (rubber powders) by precipitation from aqueous mixtures which comprises 50 to 350 parts based on 100 parts of rubber of a filler such as herein described in the form of suspensions 0.1 to 6.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of rubber of a water- soluble salts of a metal of groups IIa, lIb, IIIa and VIII of the periodic table of the elements and a rubber latex (polymer latex), aqueous emulsions of a rubber or rubber solution, characterized in that:
a) 0,5 to 20 wt% based on the total amount of filler of one or more organosilicon
compound(s) such as herein described containing at least one alkoxy group is or are
dissolved or emulsified, optionally in the presence of a surface-active substance such
as herein described in water, or the compounds mentioned are mixed directly,
optionally with a surface-active substance, with an aqueous suspension of an oxidic
or silicatie finely divided filler or a mixture of these fillers at a temperature of 10 to
60°C, preferably at room temperature, while stirring, the amount of this mixture
envisaged for incorporation in the rubber, based on the filler content, in general
being divided into two batches, and
b) a first batch is mixed with the polymer latex, the polymer emulsion or the polymer
solution, the pH of this mixture is lowered to a pH of 6.0 to 4.5 with an acid, in
particular a Lewis acid (first batch, first stage)
c) the remaining content (second batch, splitting amount) is added with further
lowering of the pH to 4.S to 2.6, in particular approx. 3.2 (second stage), so that
the

37
rubber in the mixture precipitates out together with the filler modified by organosilicon compound(s)
d) the solid which has precipitated out is separated off by
measures known per se,
e) it is preferably washed, in order to adjust the pH to a
value of approx. 6 to 7 which is more compatible with
the further processing, and
f) the filler-containing rubber is dried.
2. Process according to claim 1 characterised in that
one or more organosilicon compounds of the general formula

38
R and R1 : an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, branched or unbranched, the phenyl radical, where all the radical [sic] R and R1 in each case can have the same or a different meaning, preferably an alkyl group,
R: a C1-C4-alkyl/ -C1-C4-alkoxy group, branched or unbranched,
n: 0; 1 or 2,
Alk: a divalent straight-chain or branched
carbon [sic] radical having 1 to 6 carbon .
atoms ,
m: 0 or 1
Ar: an arylene radical having 6 to 12 C atoms
p; 0 or 1, with the proviso that p and n do not simultaneously denote 0
x: a number from 2 to 8,,
alkyl: a divalent straight-chain or branched
unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms,
alkenyl: a divalent straight-chain or branched
unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 2 0 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms

39
3. Process according to claims 1 or 2,
characterized in that
nonionic, cationic or anionic surfactants are employed as the surface-active substances.
4. Process according to claim 3,
characterized in that
the surfactants are employed in an amount of 1 to 15 wt.%, in particular 2 to 10 wt.%, based on the amount of organosilane compounds in the emulsion.
5. Process according to one or more of the preceding
claims,
characterized in that
the concentration of the organosilicon compound in the suspension is 0.3 to 15 wt.%, based on the filler (absolutely dried).
6. Process according to claim 1
characterized in that
the rubber powder is precipitated in the presence of an acid, preferably a lewis acid, in particular Al2 (SO4}3.
7. Process according to claim 3,
characterized in that
a surfactant from the class of fatty alcohol
polyethylene glycol ethers or alkylphenol polyethylene
glycol ethers is employed.
8. " Process according to one or more of the preceding
claims,

40
characterized in that
the filter-cake, washed free from salts, of a precipitated silica is employed in particular as the filler in stage a).
9. Process according to one or more of the preceding
claims,
characterised in that
the solid obtained by working up naturally occurring
fillers, in particular clays, is employed.
10. Process according to claim 1
characterized in that
> 50 parts of the filler content envisaged in the rubber powder is employed in the first batch according to step b).
11. Process according to claim 1
characterized in that
at a content of > 80 parts of filler phr (per hundred parts of rubber), 90 to 99 % of the filler content envisaged in the rubber powder is employed in the first batch according to step b).
12. Process according to one or more of the preceding
claims,
characterized in that
a carbon black which can be employed in rubber technology is added in the desired amount to the emulsion/suspension according to step a) or the mixture according to step b).

-41-
13, Process according to claim 1
in that conventional processing auxiliary substances, antioxidants, activators and/or cross-linking chemicals of rubber technology and sulfur are added in the conventional amounts either to the emulsion, suspension or solution according to claim 1, point a) or to the mixtures produced according to points b) c).
Process for the preparation of finely divided rubbers (rubber powders) by precipitation from aqueous mixtures which comprises 50 to 350 parts based on 100 parts of rubber of a filler such as herein described in the form of suspensions, 0,1 to 8.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of rubber of a water-soluble salts of a metal of groups IIa, IIb,IIIa and VIII of the periodic table of the elements and a rubber latex (polymer latex), aqueous emulsions of a rubber or rubber solution, characterized in that a) 0.5 to 20 wt % based on the total amount of filler of one or more organosilicon compound(s) such as herein described containing at least one alkoxy group is or are dissolved or emulsified, optionally in the presence of a surface-active substance such as herein described, in water, or the compounds mentioned are mixed directly, optionally with a surface-active substance, with an aqueous suspension of an oxidic or silicate finely divided filler or a mixture of these Fillers at a temperature of 10 to 60°C, preferably at room temperature, while stirring, the amount of this mixture envisaged for incorporation in the rubber, based on the filler content, in general being divided into two batches, and
b) a first batch is mixed with the polymer latex, the polymer emulsion or the polymer
solution, the pH of this mixture is lowered to a pH of 6.0 to 4,5 with an acid, in particular a
Lewis acid (first batch, first stage),
c) the remaining content (second batch, splitting amount) is added with further lowering of
the pH to 4,5 to 2.6, in particular approx, 3.2 (second stage), so that the rubber in the
mixture precipitates out together with the filler modified by organosilicon compound(s)
d) the solid which has precipitated out is separated off by measures known per se,
e) it is preferably washed, in order to adjust the pH to a value of approx 6 to 7 which is
more compatible with the further processing, and
f) the filler-containing rubber is dried.

Documents:

00802-cal-1999-abstract.pdf

00802-cal-1999-claims.pdf

00802-cal-1999-correspondence.pdf

00802-cal-1999-description(complete).pdf

00802-cal-1999-form-1.pdf

00802-cal-1999-form-18.pdf

00802-cal-1999-form-2.pdf

00802-cal-1999-form-3.pdf

00802-cal-1999-form-5.pdf

00802-cal-1999-g.p.a.pdf

00802-cal-1999-letters patent.pdf

00802-cal-1999-priority document others.pdf

00802-cal-1999-priority document.pdf

802-CAL-1999-1-CORRESPONDENCE-1.4.pdf

802-CAL-1999-1-OTHERS-1.2.pdf

802-CAL-1999-2-CORRESPONDENCE-1.5.pdf

802-CAL-1999-2-OTHERS-1.3.pdf

802-CAL-1999-CORRESPONDENCE 1.1.pdf

802-CAL-1999-CORRESPONDENCE-1.2.pdf

802-CAL-1999-CORRESPONDENCE-1.3.pdf

802-CAL-1999-FORM 15.pdf

802-CAL-1999-FORM 27-1.1.pdf

802-CAL-1999-FORM 27.pdf

802-CAL-1999-FORM-27.pdf

802-CAL-1999-OTHERS-1.1.pdf

802-CAL-1999-PA.pdf

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Patent Number

202628

Indian Patent Application Number

802/CAL/1999

PG Journal Number

09/2007

Publication Date

02-Mar-2007

Grant Date

02-Mar-2007

Date of Filing

20-Sep-1999

Name of Patentee

PKU PULVERKAUTSCHUK UNION GMBH

Applicant Address

PAUL-BAUMANN-STRASSE 1, DE-45764 MARL

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	GORL UDO	HERDEERSTRASSE 38, D-53332 BORNHEIM-ROISDORF
2	STOBBER REINHARD	BORNWIESENWEG 22, D-63594 HASSELROTH ,
3	LAUER HARTMUT	ECKARDROTHERSTRASSE 2, D-63628 BAD SODEN -SALMUNSTER
4	ERNST UWE	OPHOFFSTRASSE 22B , D-45768 MARL

PCT International Classification Number

C 08 K 5/54

PCT International Application Number

N/A

PCT International Filing date

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	19843301.8	1998-09-22	Germany