Title of Invention

"A PROCESS FOR PREPARING A RAPIDLY DISPERSING SOLID THERAPEUTIC DOSAGE FORM"

Abstract

Rapidly dispersing solid dry therapeutic dosage form comprised of a water insoluble compound existing as a nanometer or micrometer particulate solid which is surface stabilized by the presence of at least one phospholipid, the particulate solid being dispersed throughout a bulking matrix. When the dosage form is introduced into an aqueous environment the bulking matrix is substantially completely dissolved within less than 2 minutes thereby releasing the water insoluble particulate solid in an unaggregated and/or unagglomerated state. The matrix is composed of a water insoluble substance or therapeutically useful water insoluble or poorly water soluble compound, a phospholipid and optionally also at least one non-ionic, anionic, cationic or amphipathic surfactant, together with a matrix or bulking agent and if needed a release agent. The volume weighted mean particle size of the water insoluble particle is 5 micrometers or less.

Full Text

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to compositions comprised of water-insoluble or poorly soluble drug particles of a size of about 0.05 to 10 micrometers having a surface modifying agent or combination of agents, of which at least one is a phospholipid, adsorbed on to the surface thereof. The composition includes a matrix-forming agent(s) which is present in an amount sufficient to allow freeze-drying and subsequent release of the surface coated drug particles upon contact with an aqueous environment. Small surface coated particles are sometimes referred to as MicroCrystals (in US Pat. No. 5.091,187 and 5,091.183). MicroParticles (WO 98/07414), NanoParticles (US 5,145.684 and 5,302.401 and US 5.145.684). This invention further provides methods of making dried compositions of water-insoluble or poorly soluble drug particles having surface modifying agents or combinations of agents, of which at least one is a phospholipid, adsorbed on the surface thereof and matrix-forming agent(s). The matrix-forming agent(s) is present in an amount sufficient to allow freeze-drying, such as by lyophilization, with subsequent release of the surface coated drug particles upon contact with an aqueous environment. The method comprises contacting said phospholipid coated particle with the matrix-forming agent(s) for a time and under conditions sufficient to allow the phospholipid coated drug panicles to be freeze-dried. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Poor bioavailability of water insoluble compounds has long been a problem in the pharmaceutical and diagnostics industry. While compounds with an aqueous solubility of greater than 1% w/v are not expected to present dissolution-related bioavailability and absorption problems, many new chemical entities exhibit aqueous solubility much below this value (see Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms-Tablets, Vol 1, page 13. Edited by H. Lieberman. Marcel Dekker, Inc, 1980). Many highly useful compounds are dropped from de\elopment or are formulated in a manner otherwise undesirable due to poor water solubility . A great number of these compounds are unstable in aqueous media and some require dissolution in oil. rendering the dosage form often unpleasant to take or even painful to use via the parenteral route of administration. This can lead to poor patient compliance and potentially an overall greater expense in treatment due to unnecessary hospitalizations. It is thatrefore desirable to develop a formulation of thatse water insoluble compounds mat can be dosed in the simplest possible form: a rapidly dispersing solid dosage form. Many methods exist for preparing rapidly dispersing solid dosage medicaments. Traditional approaches to this problem have involved the dispersion of a biological active ingrethatnt with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients using mix techniques and/or granulation techniques. Specific functional excipients known in the an can be employed to aid in liberating the medicament, as for example effervescent disintegration agents(s) as taught by U.S. 5.173.378. As a mediod of improving the disintegration of the solid dosage form, therebv liberating the medicament, freeze drying techniques have been previously employed as described by U.S. Pat Nos. 4,371.516: 4,758.598; 5.272.137. Additionally, spray drying techniques have been employed for similar purposes as for example. US Pat 5.776,491 which describes that use of a polymeric component, a solubilizing component and a bulking agent as a matrix forming composition upon spray drying. This paniculate matrix rapidly disintegrates upon introduction to an aqueous environment to release the medicament. Although these approaches produce rapidly drug liberating soiid dosage forms, they suffer from a number of disadvantages particularly with medicaments that are water insoluble or poorly water-soluble. In these cases, suspensions of water insoluble compounds are likely to sediment prior to completion of that freeze-drying or spray drying process leading to panicle aggregation and potentially inhomogeneous dry dosage forms. Additionally, large macromolecules of polysaccharides, typified by dextrans. when utilized as matrix formers have been implicated in agglomeration tendencies in reconstituted freeze-dried suspensions of liposomes (Miyajima. 1997). Therefore, the proper selection and employment of saccharide matrix formers remains elusive, we believe it is linked to the surface physicochemical nature of the water insoluble panicle under consideration. Additionally, suspensions of water insoluble compounds will be subjected to unwanted particle size growth as a result of the process of Ostwald ripening. In order to cunail this process, stabilization of mese micronized materials suspended in an aqueous environment can be achieved using compositions of a variety of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients known to those skilled in the art. Such approaches can be found, as example, in the commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,631.023 and 5.302.401 and EPO193208. For instance, US Patent 5.631.023 discloses a method to prepare rapidly dissolving tablets (10 seconds) using Xantham gum at a maximum weight percednt of 0.05 as the suspending and floccularing agent with gelatin in which are dispersed water insoluble drug particles. Mannitol is used as that preferred cryoprotectant. The suspension is freeze-dried in molds to generate the solid dosage form. In US Patent 5,302,401 describes a method to reduce particle size growth during lyophilization. It discloses a composition containing particles having a surface modifier adsorbed onto the surface together with a cryoprotectant. the cryoprotectant present in an amount sufficient to form a nanoparticie-cryoprotectant composition. A preferred surface modifier is polyvinylpyrrolidone, and a preferred cryoprotectant is a carbohydrate such as sucrose. Also described are methods of making panicles having a surface modifier adsorbed on to the surface and a cryoprotectant associated with it. The patent refers specifically to 5% Danazol with 1.5% PVP and sucrose (2%) or mannitol (2%) as the cryoprotectant. Thus while various cyroprotectants are available and function adequately to protect the active agent during lyophilization, the solid product that results is often difficult to redisperse in aqueous media. EP 0193208 describes a method of Iyophilizing reagent-coated latex panicles to allow for reconstitution without aggregation and discusses the need co incorporate a zwitterionic buffer such as an amino acid, a stabilizer such as PVP or bovine albumin and a cryoprotectant such as Dextran T10 or other polysaccharide. Accordingly the present invention relates to an process for preparing a rapidly dispersing solid therapeutic dosage form comprising: admixing a water insoluble or poorly water soluble compound of the kind such so herein described in an aqueous suspension in the presence of one or more phospholipid surface stabilizing or modifying agents of the kind such as herein described to form a coarse dispersion premix; subjection the premix of step (a) to particle fragmentation to generate a homogeneous suspension of solid microparticles comprising the water insoluble or poorly water soluble compound and having a volume weighted mean particle size of 5 micrometers or less; optionally stabilizing the microparticle suspension of step (b) with one or more surface modifiers; of the kind such as herein described and optional convention componeis of of the kind such as herein described mixing the stabilized microparticle suspension of step (b) or step (c) with one or more matrix-forming bulking agents and, optionally, one or more releasing agents; of the kind such as herein described and drying the microparticle suspension of step (d), thereby forming the rapidly dispersing solid therapeutic dosage form, SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention is directed to an improvement in the dispersibility of micronized particles through the specific selection of excipients and methodology necessary to recover the primary particles. Inherent in this approach is the ability to produce stable aqueous suspensions of micron or submicron sized particles of water insoluble or poorly water-soluble compounds. These particles, which are required in the practice of the present invention, can be prepared according to the methods disclosed in U.S. Pat No. 5,091,187 and 5,091,188 as well as WO 98/07414, whose disclosure is incorporated herein by reference. Briefly, water insoluble or poorly soluble compounds are dispersed in an aqueous medium in the presence of surface modifying agents or combinations of agents of which at least one is a phospholipid adsorbed on the surface thereof. Particle fragmentation occurs when the aforementioned suspension is subjected to stress as a result of processing with the use of various methods known in the art including, but not limited to, sonication, milling, homogenization. microfluidization. and antisolvent and solvent precipitation. The particle so produced is referred to as a microparricle which is defined herein as a solid particle of irregular, non-spherical or spherical shape having a nominal diameter of from nanometers to micrometers on to which is adsorbed a least one surface modifying agent of which one is a phospholipid. According to this invention the microparticle suspension so produced is further admixed with surface modifying agent(s) and/or matrix-forming agent(s) which are present in an amount sufficient to allow freeze-drying and subsequent release of the surface coated drug particles upon contact with an aqueous environment. The selection of these components serves to minimize the tendency of micro particles to aggregate upon drying. Such aggregates are extremely difficult to redisperse due to the very high particle surface area which facilitates the degree of contact available to interacting particles resulting in irreversible lattices. Small particle sizes of drugs are often needed in drug formulation development in order to maximize surface area, bioavailability, and dissolution requirements. The introduction of a suitable matrix-forming agent(s) in the above noted process serves to stabilize the phospholipid coated drug particle during the freeze-drying process and in the resulting freeze-dried product" by suppressing any tendency of particle agglomeration or particle growth. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a rapidly disintegrating solid dosage form for water insoluble compounds, which releases primary particles stabilized with one or more surface modifiers, including but not limited to phospholipids. Examples of some preferred water-insoluble drugs include antifungal agents, immunosuppressive and immunoactive agents, antiviral agents, antineoplastic agents, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents, antibiotics, antiepileptics, anesthetics, hypnotics, sedatives, antipsychotic agents, neuroleptic agents, antidepressants, anxiolytics, anticonvulsant agents, antagonists, neuron blocking agents, anticholinergic and cholinomimetic agents, antimuscarinic and muscarinic agents, antiadrenergic and. antarrhythmics. antihypertensive agents, hormones, and nutrients. A detailed description of these drugs may be found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 18th Edition. 1990. Mack Publishing Co., PA. Tne concentration of the water insoluble ingrethatnt in the aqueous suspension can vary between 0.1% w/w and 60% w/w. preferably between 5% w/w and 30% w/w. The water insoluble compound is first prepared as an aqueous suspension in the presence of one or more surface stabilizing agents, of which at least one is a phospholipid. The phospholipid may be any natural or synthetic phospholipid, including but not limited to. phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine. phosphatidylserine. phosphatidylinoistol. phosphatidylglycerol. phosphatidic acid, iysophospholipids, egg or soybean phospholipid or a combination thereof. The phospholipid may be salted or desalted, hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated or natural, semisynthetic or synthetic. Tne concentration of the phospholipid ingrethatnt in the aqueous suspension can vary between 0.1% w/w and 90% w/w, preferably between 0.5% w/w and 50% w/w and more preferably between 1% w/w and 20% w/w. Examples of some suitable second and additional surface modifiers include: (a) natural surfactants such as casein, gelatin, natural phospholipids, tragacanth. waxes, enteric resins, paraffin, acacia, gelatin, and cholesterol, (b) nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, sorbitan esters, glycerol monostearate, polyethylene glycols, cetyl alcohol, cetostearyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, poloxamers, polaxamines, methylcellulose, hydroxycellulose, hydroxy propylcellulose. hydroxy propylmethylcellulose, noncrystalline cellulose, and synthetic phospholipids, (c) anionic surfactants such as potassium laurate, triethanolamine stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, alkyl polyoxyethylene sulfates, sodium alginate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate. negatively charged phospholipids (phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidylserine. phosphatidic acid and their salts), and negatively charged glyceryl esters, sodium carboxymethyicellulose, and calcium carboxymethylcellulose, (d) cationic surfactants such as quaternary ammonium compounds, benzalkonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and lauryldimethylbenzyl-ammonium chloride, (e) colloidal clays such as bentonite and veegum. A detailed description of these surfactants may be found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 18th Edition. 1990, Mack Publishing Co.. PA. and Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy. Lachman et al.. 1986. The concentration of additional surfactants in the aqueous suspension can vary between 0.1% wvw and 90% w/w. preferably between 0.5% w/w and 50% w/w and more preferably between 1% w/w and 20% w/w. These surfactants may be either added initially during compounding or added post processing prior to freeze-drying or a combination of both depending on the nature, concentration and number of the surfactant(s). The resulting coarse dispersion is primarily intended to distribute the surfactant(s) throughout the aqueous medium using traditional mixing methods involving shear, extrusion, agitation and/or cavitation. The coarse dispersion is referred to as a pre-mix for purposes of this disclosure. The premix is then subjected to a process which facilitates panicle fragmentation including but not limited to sonication, milling, homogenization, micro fluidization. and antisolvent and solvent precipitation. The attrition time may vary and is dependent on the physicochemical characteristics of the medicament, the physicochemical characteristics of the surfactant(s) and the selected attrition process. As an example, high pressure homogenization processes can be employed as typified by the use of equipment such as APV Gaulin El 5, Avestin C50 or MFIC Microfluidizer Ml 10EH. In this process, the particles in the premix are reduced in size at a pressure and temperature which does not significantly compromise that stability of me medicament and/or the surfactant(s). Processing pressures of about 2000 psi to 30,000 psi, preferably of about 5,000 psi to 20,000 psi, more preferably of about 10,000 psi to 18,000 psi and operating temperatures of about 2°C to 65° C, more preferably 10°C to 45° C are suitable. The processing fluid is cycled through the homogenization chamber in such a manner as to ensure the entire fluid admixture is subjected to discrete homogenization resulting in a homogeneous suspension of micron or submicron particles. The mean volume weighted panicle size of the resulting suspended therapeutic agent is measured to be between 0.05 micrometers to 10 micrometers, preferably between 0.2 micrometers to 5 micrometers using a laser light diffraction based instrument, Malvern Mastersizer Microplus. The resulting homogeneous suspension of micropanicles stabilized by one or more surface modifiers is then mixed with matrix-forming bulking and/or releasing agents (dry or as an aqueous solution) and is then dried. The buiking or matrix-forming agent provides a mass in which the particles of drug are embedded or retain. The release agent assists in disintegration of the matrix when it contacts aqueous media. Tne bulking/releasing agents are chosen in order to produce a support matrix that, upon drying, will yield rapidly dispersible tablets that release the primary particles upon reconstirution in an aqueous medium. Examples of matrix-forming/reiease agents include (a) saccharides and polysaccharides such as mannitol. trehalose. lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, maltose; (b) humectants such as glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol; (c) natural or synthetic polymers such as gelatin, dextran. starches, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poloxamers, acrylates; (d) inorganic additives such as colloidal silica, tribasic calcium phosphate and; (e) cellulose based polymers such as microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methylcelluloses. Matrix forming agents may be added prior to producing the micronized panicles of the therapeutic agent (formulation) or to that homogeneous suspension of microparticles prior to freeze-drying. The concentration of the matrix forming agents in the aqueous suspension can vary between 0.1% w/w and 90% w/w, preferably between 0.5% w/w and 50% w/w and more preferably between 1 % w/w and 20% w/w. The prepared aqueous suspension can be dried using several methods well known in the art. Spray drying, spray coating and freeze-drying are among the most common methods. The examples cited in Table 1 all use freeze drying as the drying method but this is not intended to be in any way limiting. Tne preferred method of treeze-drying is by iyophilization involving the sublimation of the frozen water from that aqueous suspension medium under reduced pressure. Lyophilization of this suspension may be performed in suitable containers such as glass vials, open trays, unit dosage form molds or in-situ spraying onto a supporting matrix. Byway of example of that lyophilization process, the prepared suspension of microparticles containing matrix forming agents is distributed into stainless steel trays which are placed onto pre-equilibrated shelves held at a temperature of 5°C within a pressure rated, sealed chamber. The prepared suspension is then subjected to decreasing temperature at a rate of 5°C/min to -50°C until all of the suspension medium is completely solidified. This procedure uses only moderate temperature grathatnts because of the energy losses between different boundaries (shelf-tray-liquid). As a general rule, the typical time for freezing a I cm layer of a dilute aqueous suspension is 40-90 min at a temperature of-50°C. Freezing outside of the lyophiiization chamber may also be accomplished by: (a) freezing on cooied plates, e.g.. in trays or in the form of small panicles on a drum cooler, (b) dropping in liquid nitrogen or some other cooling liquid, (c) co-spraying with liquid CO: or liquid nitrogen, or (d) freezing vith circulating cold air. Separate cooling is necessary for the performance of continuous freeze-drying. Equipment producing small pellets by dropping the solution into liquid nitrogen is commercially available as the Cryopel® process (Buchmuller and Weyermanns. 1990). Direct freezing inside the lyophilizauon chamber is advantageous if the product requires handling under aseptic conditions as may be the situation in the preparation of injectable dried formulations. The so-obtained solidified prepared suspension is held at this temperature for a period of 2 hours to ensure all crystallization has been completed. The pressure inside the chamber is reduced to a pressure of approximately 5 mm of Hg and preferably to about 0. i mm Hg. The sublimation of that frozen water is accomplished by raising the shelf temperature of the lyophilizer to about -30°C to -10 °C and holding the material at this temperature for about 20 hours until the primary drying stage is completed. The drying time depends on a number of factors, some of them fairly constant and can be approximated as the heat of sublimation of ice. thermal conductivity of the frozen suspension and, the mass transfer coefficient. Other factors such as temperature or pressure in the chamber may vary considerably. The temperature of the shelves may be further increased to effect secondary drying as deemed necessary according to the composition of the sample. Material is harvested from the lyophilizing cycle upon returning the chamber to ambient conditions. The harvested dried material may be passed through a coarse milling operation to facilitate handling or further blending operations with other excipients necessary to complete the required solid dosage form. These may include tabieting aids for compression, glidants for hard gelatin encapsulation or dispersants for dry powder inhalers. The matrix-forming agent used in the present invention must dissolve or disperse upon contact with an aqueous environment and release the phospholipid coated therapeutic agent particle. Upon reconstitution, the product reverts to a suspension having the same degree of dispersiry as the pre-dried suspension, with preferably no more than 20% by weight and more preferably no more dian 10% by weight and ideally less than 1% by weight of aggregated primary particles as revealed by the particle sizing and microscopic methods known in the art. Surprisingly, the freeze-dried suspension prepared according to the present invention can be stored for extended periods of time, even at high temperature and humidity, without loss of this redispersibiiiry characteristic upon reconstitution and thus is essentially devoid of particle aggregation. Freeze-dried suspensions prepared in accordance with the composition of Examples 6-10 herein can be stored for at least 60 days at room temperature indicating the possibility of long term storage consistent with pharmaceutical dosage form shelf life. Solid dosage material prepared according to the present invention is defined as possessing the characteristic of being rapidly dispersible. This characteristic is identified as the time required for the complete disintegration of a freeze-dried cake arising from this invention when subjected to an aqueous medium as occurs upon administration of the dosage form to invito systems. Disintegration time can be measured by carrying out an in-vitro test such as observing the disintegration time in water at 37 °C. The dosage material is immersed in the water without forcible agitation whereupon the time required for the material to substantially disperse by observation is noted. In the context of the definition of'rapid", the disintegration time is expected to be less man 2 minutes and preferably less than 30 seconds and most preferably less than 10 seconds. The rate of dissolution or release of the active ingrethatnt may also be affected by the nature of the medicament and the microparticle composition such that it may be rapid (5-60 sec) or intermethate (on the order of 75% disintegration in 15 minutes) or sustained-released. In some cases, visual microscopic observation or scanning electron micrographs may reveal the presence of aggregates of particles however these particles are small in size and consist of aggregates of the original pre-freeze dried suspension particles. These aggregates are easily dispersed by low levels of energy such as short periods of sonication or physical agitation and as such display the key feature of this invention i.e. the prevention of particle size growth and irreversible aggregation and/or agglomeration. EXAMPLES The present invention of a rapidly dispersing, solid medicament is illustrated by way of the examples summarized in Table I. Compositions noted in this table are expressed on % weight basis of the dried product. It is understood that the bulking agent may be added to the suspension prior to the homogenization step or prior to that drying step. Table I. Composilion ('/• w/w) and Attributes of Solid Dosage Form Eiamplts (Table Removed) Formulations I and 2 as show in that above table illustrate that reconstitutabie particulates are obtained from thatse compositions, indicating that that relatively large size of that particulates (approximately 10 micrometers) poses little problem from an aggregation perspective. These relatively large particulates are easily achieved by traditional particle fracturing techniques. However, in order to appreciably affect bioavailability, panicles which are an order of magnitude less in size are required. These particulates are obtained using procedures described in US Pat. No. 5,091,187 and 5,091,183 as Microcrystals. WO 98/07414 as microparticles, and US 5,145,684, US 5,302,401 and US 5,145,684 as nanocrystais. It is the particulates arising from these compositions that require specific excipient selection and processing conditions in order to recover the original suspension particle. Examples 3 to 5 illustrate that certain microparticie compositions do net reconstitute favorably when traditional freeze drying cryoprotectants such as lactose or PVP17 are used as described in US pat 5,302,401. For these examples, large aggregates are formed comprised of adhering primary particles. Examples 6 to 10 illustrate that the original suspension particle is easily and rapidly recovered upon reconsu'tution of that dried powder requiring no excessive agitation. These examples require careful selection of that bulking agent which may also act as a cryoprotectant as well as a humectant, such as, trehalose in formulation S and mannitol in formulation 10. Alternatively, when a single matrix forming bulking agent is not suitable, as in that case of sucrose, that composition may include a mixture of bulking agents selected from pharmaceutically acceptable agents such as sucrose, trehalose, mannitol, sorbitol, or lactose. Example formulations 6, 7, and 9 demonstrate diis type of composition. Volume weighted particle size distribution profiles of fenofibrate formulation 6 are shown in Figures 6 and 7, respectively, before and after the lyophilization/reconstitution step. This example demonstrates that ideal scenario of no change in the particle size distribution profile following lyophilization and reconsurution. With no intention to propose any particular meoretical explanation, it may be speculated that that components of that bulking agent mixture may simultaneously serve to inhibit the particle size increase on lyophilization/reconstitution by one or more mechanisms including cryoprotection. humectant action, dispersibility, and others. These criteria are surprisingly important considerations when attempting to recover the unaggregated particulate suspension following reconstitution of a dried dosage form that comprises a phospholipid as one of the surface stabilizers. In addition to the example compositions mentioned above, the formulations of this invention may additionally contain suitable amounts of pH buffering salts and pH adjusting agents such as sodium hydroxide and/or pharmaceutically acceptable acids. It is known to those skilled in the chemistry of phospholipids that at pH lower than 4 and higher than 10 the phospholipid molecules undergo extensive hydrolysis. Therefore, the pH of the suspension is usually adjusted to within this range prior to homogenization. If necessary the pH can be readjusted prior to the drying step. While the invention and the examples have been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to me disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the following claims. WE CLAIM: 1. A process for preparing a rapidly dispersing solid therapeutic dosage form comprising: (a) admixing a water insoluble or poorly water soluble compound of the kind such as herein described in an aqueous suspension in the presence of one or more phospholipid surface stabilizing or modifying agents of the kind such as herein described to form a coarse dispersion premix; (b) subjection the premix of step (a) to particle fragmentation to generate a homogeneous suspension of solid microparticles comprising the water insoluble or poorly water soluble compound and having a volume weighted mean particle size of 5 micrometers or less; (c) optionally stabilizing the microparticle suspension of step (b) with one or more surface modifiers of the kind such as herein described; and optional conventional components of the kind such as herein described. (d) mixing the stabilized microparticle suspension of step (b) or step (c) with one or more matrix-forming bulking agents of the kind such as herein described and, optionally, one or more releasing agents of the kind such as herein described; and (e) drying the microparticle suspension of step (d), thereby forming the rapidly dispersing solid therapeutic dosage form. 2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in step (a), the water insoluble or poorly water soluble compound is selected from one or more of antifungal agents, immunosuppressive agents, immunoactive agents, antiviral agents, anti-neoplastic agents, analgesic agents, anti-inflammatory agents, analgesic agents, antibiotics , anti-epileptics, anesthetics, hypnotics, sedatives, antipsychotic agents, neuroleptic agents, antidepressants, anxiolytics,, anticovulsant agents, antagonists, neuron blocking agents, anti-cholinergic agents, cholinomimetic agents, anti-muscarinic agents, anti-adrenergic agents, anti-arrhythmia agents, antihypertensive agents, hormones or nutrients. 3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in step (a), the phospholipid is selected from one or more of a saturated phospholipid, an unsaturated phospholipid, a synthetic phospholipid, a natural phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, lysophospholipids, egg phospholipid, soybean phospholipid, or a combination thereof. 4. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phospholipid is present in the aqueous suspension in an amount between 0.1% and 90% w/w. 5. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in step (d), the bulking or releasing agent is selected from one or more of saccharides, polysaccharides, humectants, natural polymers, synthetic polymers, inorganic additives, or cellulose-based polymers. 6. The process as claimed in claim 5, wherein, in step (d), the polymer, sacccharide, or polysaccharide is selected from one or more of mannitol, trehalose, lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, dextrose, mulodextrose, or maltose. 7. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in step (b), particle fragmentation comprises a process selected from one or more of sonicaiton, milling, homogenization, microfluidization, antisolvent precipitation, or solvent precipitation. 8. The process as claimed in claim 5, wherein, in step (d), the humectant is selected from one or more of glycerol, propylene glycol, or polyethylene glycol, and the natural polymer or synthetic polymer is selected from one or more of gelatin, dextran, starches, polyvinylpyrrolidone, a poloxamer, or an aery late. 9. The process as claimed in claim 5, wherein, in step (d), the inorganic additive is selected from one or more of colloidal silica or tribasic calcium phosphate. 10. The process as claimed in claim 5, wherein, in step (d), the cellulose-based polymer is selected from one or more of microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, or methycellulose. 11. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in step (e), the microparticle suspension is dried by one or more of spray coating, freeze-drying, or lyophilization. 12. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said optional conventional components are an effervescent agent, a binding agent, a flavor, an external polymeric surface coating, a color, or a combination thereof. 13. A process for preparing a rapidly dispersing solid therapeutic dosage form substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the foregoing examples.

Documents:

in-pct-2001-424-del-abstract.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-assignment.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-claims.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-complete specification (granted).pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-correspondence-others.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-correspondence-po.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-description (complete).pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-form-1.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-form-13.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-form-2.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-form-3.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-form-4.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-form-5.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-form-6.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-pa.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-pct-101.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-pct-210.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-pct-304.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-pct-308.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-pct-332.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-pct-402.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-pct-408.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-pct-409.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-pct-416.pdf

in-pct-2001-424-del-petition-138.pdf