Title of Invention

A CLEANING SYSTEM

Abstract A cleaning system comprising: (i) 0-40% weight detergent active; (ii) 1-30% by weight of a source of amine salt comprising atleast one of an anilne salt and Jte derivatives ; (ui) 0.5-25% by weight inorganic alkaUne matericu wherein the components ii and iii are provided in a manner such that they are not together in solution until use. A cleaning system comprising: (i) 0-40% weight detergent active; (ii) 1-30% by weight of a source of amine salt comprising atleast one of an anilne salt and Jte derivatives ; (ui) 0.5-25% by weight inorganic alkaUne matericu wherein the components ii and iii are provided in a manner such that they are not together in solution until use.
Full Text FORM -2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 of 1970)
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section 10)



HINDUSTAN LEVER LIMITED, a company incorporated under the Indian Companies Act, 1913 and having its registered office at Hindustan Lever House, 165/166, Backbay Reclamation, Mumbai -400 020, Maharashtra, India
The following specification particularly describes the nature of the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.




Technical field:
The present invention relates to detergent compositions in the form of bars/shaped tablets, compacts, liquid, pastes or powders or granules for superior cleaning of hard surface or fabric.
Background and Prior art :
Cleaning of soil from fabric or hard surfaces is achieved either manually or by the use of machines. Commercial hard surface cleaning compositions typically comprise, one or more surfactants and a plurality of abrasives dispersed therein. Combinations of these together with electrolytes are generally used to form a structuring system as is well known in the art.
Hard surfaces within household are kitchenware, kitchen floors and platforms, floors, bathrooms etc. and one encounters different types of soil on these surfaces. The soil generally encountered on kitchenware is of two types i.e. the mobile or greasy soU and the tough or difficult to remove soil consisting of dried-on or cooked-on food. The problem becomes more pronounced when the soil builds on over a period of time and this requires considerable effort to clean.
The conventional cleaning compositions for hard surface cleaning are formulated in the form of solids such as powders, granules, pastes and bars, and in the form of non-solid compositions such as liquids and gels.
Cleaning compositions in the solid form are much cheaper than liquids
because of low cost packaging and these are very popular forms for developing
countries. Amongst the solid form bars are gaining popularity and growing
rapidly in the market of developing countries because of better value delivery.
The product dosage in the solid form is easier, it avoids spillage and the
product application can be better controlled. Cleaning compositions in the bar
form are economically superior to other product forms and the dosage per
swipe from the bar is highly controlled. The bars/tablets also do not get easily
sogged in the presence of water and the active ingredients are not lost. The


bars/tablets require low packaging material and because of the ease of application it is highly preferred over the other forms of the same composition and it is especially important for low cost markets of the developing and emerging countries.
Solvents are well known components of detergent compositions to improve the cleaning performance of the composition significantly with respect the mobile or greasy soil and the tough or difflcult to remove soil consisting of dried-on or cooked-on food. Typical solvents used in cleaning compositions include, alcohols (such as ethanol), ethers (such as Butyl Cellosolve [TM]], paraffins (such as Isopar L [TM], esters and terpenes (such as d-limonene). Another known class of solvents are the alkanolamtnes. EP503219A (P&G) relates to a cleaning composition containing 0.1-10% of an alkanolamine.
Our copending applications 535/Bom/98 and 536/Bom/98 also disclose abrasive cleaning compositions comprising C2-C6 alkanolamine to obtain superior cleaning of both oily soil and stuck on tough sofi.
Fabric washing compositions contain, as an essential ingredient, a surfactant system whose role is to assist in removal of sofi from the fabric and its suspension in the wash fiquor. Solvents have also been used in compositions for fabric washing in order to enhance detergency, lather and to give a softening effect to the fabric. It is also common to employ alkanolamines in fabric washing compositions.
Incorporation of amines in general and particularly the commonly used alkanolamine in detergent compositions poses a problem as alkanolamine is corrosive, has the potential to generate nitrosamlnes and also has the typical amine odour which is difficult to mask. Use of alkanolamines in bar compositions also poses a problem in extrusion of the dough and in pastes it poses a stability problem as the product tends to phase separate. These compositions containing the amines are also difficult to package in simple

packaging materials as they dtSiise through resulting in staining, de-inking and de-lamination and stress fracture of the packaging material.
Attempts to solve the problem of amine mal odour that interferes with the perfume have been reported. One such approach has been to use excess perfume to over power the odour or use perfume with specific components that neutralise the amine. WO0055288 (P&G), discloses detergent compositions, particularly for manual dishwashing which, by incorporating a combination of anionic surfactants, solvents and certain selected perfume compositions that do not have the maladors associated with certain nitrogenous ingredients such as amines. It is proposed that reacting part of the amine with aldehyde component of the perfume result in the formation of the Schlffs base that is odourless.
JP51130411 discloses a dewaxing/degreasing agent for removing oil and fat comprising a water soluble solvent, a surfactant and an alkanolamlne salt. This composition does not teach the release of free alkanolamlne and hence is limited to cleaning of specific soils such as grease/mobile soil.
US4175051 and US4140647 (Kao) disclose detergent composition comprising an organic phosphoric acid ester of alkanolamlne and a surface active agent, with excellent detergency and ability to remove viscous or solid soils and stains formed by polymerisation of oils or fat. These do not alleviate the problems encountered during processing or packaging of sofid detergent compositions or teach the need for alkaline trigger to release the amine.
It has now been found that these problems can be solved by using one or more amines in its salt form and segregated fi'om an alkaline trigger, however, ensuring that the amine salt and the alkali come in contact with each other during use to release the free amine. This helps providing superior cleaning and superior sensory attributes such as perfume impact and low ammonlcal odour.

Thus according to the present invention there is provided a solid cleaning composition comprising:

i. / 0-40%/by weight detergent active
il. 1-30% by weight salt of at least one amine and one or more acid or the
derivatives thereof or an adjunct of the said salt with a particulate
having a water absorptive capacity of at least 100% ill. 0.5-25% by weight inorganic atkaline material
the components ii and ill being provided In a manner such that they are not together in solution until use.
According to one embodiment of the present Invention there is provided a solid detergent composition comprising:
i. 1-40% by weight detergent active
il. 1-30% by weight salt of at least one amine and one or more acid or the
derivatives thereof or an adjunct of the said salt with a particulate
having a water absorptive capacity of at least 100% ill. 0.5-25% by weight inorganic alkaline material
the components 11 and Hi being provided in a manner such that they are not together In solution until use.
According to another embodiment of the present invention there is provided a cleaning composition, in non-soM form comprising:
I. 0-40% by weight detergent active.
II. 1-30% by weight salt of at least one amine and one or more acid or the derivatives thereof
ill. 0.5-25% by weight inorganic alkaline material
such that the composition is delivered at such levels during use.

The components (ii) and (iii) are provided in separate enclosures such that they do not come into contact until use. The concentrations of the two components are so maintained such that the composition is delivered at levels mentioned above during use. When component [i] is greater than zero it can be incorporated either with component [ii] or [ui]. The two components [li] and [iii] optionally along with component [i] can be delivered on to the surface to be cleaned by any conventional method of dispensing such as co-extrusion, spraying, pumping etc.
The non-soHd form refers to the product in the form of gel, mousse, aerosol or paste.
It is particularly preferred that the amine is an alkanolamine and it is a salt of orthophosphoric acid. For solid compositions it is preferred that the alkanolamine salt of phosphoric acid is in the form of an adjunct with silica, a particulate material having a high water absorptive capacity.
Detailed description:
The Invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to compositions for cleaning kitchen ware and kitchen surfaces but is not restricted to cleaning of these and can be applied to other hard surfaces or fabric. The invention essentially relates to a cleaning composition comprising of optionally a detergent active, a salt of an amine as such or as an adjunct with a particulate having a high water absorptive capacity such as silica and an inorgjanic alkaline material. It is particularly preferred to have a detergent active in the composition.
The product may be formulated as a powder, granule, bar, tablet, liquid, paste mousse, aerosol, gel or a compact. It is preferred that there is no free amine in the composition until the product is in use and to achieve this in the solid forms of the product the water in the composition is maintained below 15%.

In non-solid form of the product the salt of the amine is physically separated from the alkaline agent.
Solid compositions can be prepared by conventional manufacturing processes such as spray dr5nng, mixing, extrusion and compaction or other known processes. It is particularly preferred that the adjunct of silica and salt of alkanolamine is added at the end of the process.
When the composition is in the non-solid form the components (ii) £ind (ili) are separated from each other by providing the components in containers having separate compartments for the same, such that the said components come into contact only during the use of the composition. The compositions of the two compartments can be prepared by conventional means through mixing of ingredients at required concentrations to be able to deliver the amounts as indicated.
The present invention can also be provided as a cleansing kit comprising
i. the detergent composition with a pH greater than 9 as a separate
packing and ii. the composition comprising salt of at least one amine and one or more
acid or the derivatives thereof or an adjunct of the said salt with a
particulate having a water absorptive capacity of at least 100% as
another package along with an instruction manual describing the appropriate procedure to be followed for the effective use of the cleaning system. The detergent composition when provided separately in the kit essentially comprises from 5 to 75% by weight of detergent active and 5-80% by weight of a detergency builder along with other conventional ingredients. The said salt of at least one amine and one or more acid or the derivatives thereof or an adjunct of the said salt is at a level 1-30% during use.

Amine salt:
The amine salt may be prepared by reacting one or more amine with at least one acid or may be obtained from any commercial source. The amine may be a mono or di amine or a substituted amine such as alkanolamine. It is preferable that the molecular weight of the amine is less than 300 and the pKa is greater than 8.0. It is also preferable that the amine is a primary amine.
The alkanolamine for the present invention can be mono- or poly-functional as regards the amine and hydroxy^ moieties. Preferred alkanolamines are generally of the formula H2N-R1-OH where Ri is a Unear or branched alkyl chain having 2-6 carbons. Preferred alkanolamines include 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol, aminomethyl propane-diol, TRIS (hydroxy methyl) propane-diol, mono- di-and tri- ethanolamine, mono- di- and tri -isopropanolamine, dimethyl-, diethyl or dibutyl ethanolamine, and mixtures thereof. It is envisaged that cyclic alkanolamines such as morpholine can also be employed. Particularly preferred alkanolamine especially to clean tough or aged soil are 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) and monoethanolamine (MEA).
The acids suitable for the reaction may be Inorganic or organic in nature. The inorganic acid may be selected from phosphoric, hydrochloric, sulphuric, and the organic acid may be oxalic, acetic, malonic etc.
It is particularly preferred to use phosphoric acid salt of monoethanolamine (MEA) and 2-amlno-2-methyl-l-propanol (AMP).
The context of solid compositions the salt of the amine is preferably added as
an adjunct with a particulate having high water absorptive capacity In the
range 100-300%. The particulate material with high water absorptive capacity
may be selected from high surface area particulates like HSA calcites,
precipitated silica etc. The adjunct of the amine salt is a free flowing powder
and also reduces the interaction of the salt with the Inorganic alkaline material
in the product. The ratio of the salt of the amine to a particulate having high


water absorptive capacity is in the range 20:1 to 1:5. The preferred particulate can be selected from gel, precipitated or spray dried silica and the most preferred is precipitated silica with water absorptive capacity of around 230-260 and surface area of around 160-190 m2/gm.
Inorganic alkaline material:
The alkaline morganlc salts used in the composition are preferably chosen from alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides and/or hydroxide;^ like calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium tripol5Tphosphate (STPP), tetrasodium p)n"ophosphate (TSPP), alkaline silicate, alkaline meta silicate, sodium aluminate, and combinations of these. Builders / alkaline buffer salts are suitably used in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 25% by wt, preferably from 5 to 15% by wt.
Detergent actives:
The composition according to the invention will optionally comprise an anionic surfactant with an alkali or alkaline earth metal or ammonium or alkanolamine counter ion or a mixture thereof. Other detergent actives such as nonionic, cationlc, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants may also be present. However, it is preferred that a detergent active is incorporated in the com^position.
Suitable anionic detergent active compounds are water soluble salts of organic sulphiiric reaction products having in the molecular structure an alkyl radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and a radical chosen from sulphonic acid or sulphuric acid ester radicals and mixtures thereof.
The preferred water-soluble synthetic anionic detergent active compounds
are higher alkyl benzene sulphonates and mixtures with olefin sulphonates
and higher alkyl sulphates, and the higher fatty acid monoglyceride
sulphates. The more preferred anionic detergent active compounds are
9

higher
containing from 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group in a straight or branched chain, particular examples of which are higher alkyl benzene sulphonates or of higher-alkyl toluene, xylene or phenol sulphonates, alkyl naphthalene sulphonates, diamyl naphthalene sulphonate, and dinonyl naphthalene sulphonate.
The amount of sjnithetic anionic detergent active to. be employed in the detergent composition of this invention will generally be up to 40% and more preferably from 10 to 40% by weight.
Suitable nonionic detergent active compounds can be broadb compounds produced by the condensation of alkylene oxide groi hydrophilic in nature, with an organic hydrophobic compound aliphatic or alkyl aromatic in nature. The length of the ' polyoxyall^lene radical which is condensed with any particula group can be readily adjusted to yield a water-soluble compou desired degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic (
Particular examples include the condensation product of alip
having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms in either straight or bi
configuration with ethylene oxide, such as a coconut oil (
condensate having from 2 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide per rr
alcohol; condensates of all^lphenols whose alkyl group contain
carbon atoms with 5 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole (
condensates of the reaction product of ethylenediamine and p
with ethylene oxide, the condensate containing from 4(
polyojgrethylene radicals by weight and having a molecular 5,000 to 11,000; tertiary amine oxides of structure R3NO, where
an alkyl group of 8 to 18 carbon atoms and the others are eacl
or hydroxyethyl groups, for Instance ditnethyldodecylamine
phosphirie oxides of structure R3PO, where one group R is an
from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, and the others are each aU^l o


^ groups of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, for Instance dimethyldodecylphosphine oxide; and dialkyl sulphoxides of structure R2SO where the group R is an alkyl group of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms and the other is methyl or ethyl, for Instance methyltetradecyl sulphoxide; fatty acid alkylolamides; alkylene oxide condensates of fatty acid alkylolamides and altyl mercaptans. The nonionic can also be selected from a range of alkyl poly glycosides.
The amount of nonionic detergent active to be, employed in the detergent composition of the invention will generally be from 0.5 to 15% wt., preferably from 5 to 10% by weight.
It is also possible optionally to Include amphoteric, cationic or zwitterionic detergent actives in the compositions according to the invention.
Suitable amphoteric detergent-active compounds that optionally can be employed are derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines containing an alkyl group of 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an aliphatic radical substituted by an anionic water-solubUizing group, for instance sodium 3-dodecylamino-propionate, sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulphonate and sodiimi N-2-hydroxydodecyl-N-methyltaurate. Suitable cationic detergent-active compounds are quaternary ammonium salts having an aliphatic radical of from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, for instance cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide.
Suitable zwitterionic detergent-active compounds that optionally can be employed are derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, sulphonium and phosphonium compounds having an aliphatic radical of from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an aliphatic radical substituted by an anionic water-solubUising group, for instance 3-(N-N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonium) propane-1-sulphonate betaine, 3-(dodecylmethyl sulphoniumi) propane-1-sulphonate betaine and 3-(cetylmethylphosphonium) ethane sulphonate betaine.
Further examples of suitable detergent-active compounds are compounds
conunonly used as surface-active agents given in the well-known textbooks


"Surface Active Agents", Volume I by Schwartz and Peny and "Siuface Active Agents and Detergents", Volume II by Schwartz, Perry and Berch.
Other Ingredients :
Other ingredients such as builders, abrasives, fillers, solvents, perfumes, colouring agents, floiirescers, enzymes, structurants can also be used in the composition.
Suitable abrasives can be selected from, particulate zeolites, calcites, dolomites, feldspar, silica, silicates, other carbonates, alumina, bicarbonates, borates, sulphates and polymeric materials such as polyethylene. There can be an abrasive system with more than a single type of abrasive to achieve a balanced abrasive property. For eg. Studies show that combination of abrasives of different hardness in a composition provide significant benefits in some of the user properties.
Preferred abrasives for use in general purpose compositions particularly bars have a Mho hardness 2-9. Preferred average particle sizes for the abrasive fall in the range 25-400 microns, with values of 30-200 microns being preferred. Preferred levels of total abrasive soluble and Insoluble together range from 20-90 wt % on product, more preferably in the range 40-60 wt%.
Besides mixtures of calcium and magnesium carbonates (dolomite) the essential abrasive component in the composition the other most preferred abrasives are calcium carbonate (as Calcite), sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium sulphate, zeolites, alumina, hydrated alumina, feldspar, talc and silica.
Calcite, feldspar and dolomite and mixtures thereof are particularly preferred due to their low cost, suitable hardness and colour.

Fillers:
Fillers may be incorporated in the composition if required and suitable for use in the composition include kaolin, calcium carbonate (calcite), talc, soapstone, other clays and the combination of these materials, used singly or in combination, suitably in an amount ranging from 10 to 30% by weight.
The compositions according to the invention may optionally contain polymeric structuring agents to aid in providing appropriate rheological properties and in enhancing their distribution and adherence of the composition to the hard surface to be cleaned.
The invention wiU now be illustrated with respect to the following non-limiting examples.
Examples:
Composition of solid detergents according to the invention and comparative examples:
Detergent bars were processed as a batch of 20 kg by conventional bar
processing technology and the composition details are presented in Table 1.
3.5 kg of sodium carbonate and was mixed with 3.3 kg of linear aU^l benzene
sulphonic acid in a sigma mixer. This was followed by additions 3.6 kg of
dolomite and other minor ingredients and mixed and followed by extrusion,
billeting and stamping (Example 1). Other ingredients were added after the
addition of dolomite and minor ingredients. 0.76 kg monoethanolamine (MEA)
in Example 2 and 1.4 kg of phosphoric acid Scilt of monoethanolamine (MEA
phosphate) in Example 4 and 5 were added such that the level of MEA in the
composition is maintained same. In Example 4 the Inorganic alkaline material
was withheld. A mixture of MEA and silica was added in Example 3, and a
mixture of MEA phosphate and silica in Example 6 whereas an adjunct of
phosphoric acid salt of monoethanolamine with precipitated silica was
13

prepared separately by mixing 1.4 Kg of MEA phosphate and 0.4 Kg of the silica and 1.8 kg of the adjunct was added in Example 7. The different ingredients were added and mixed well before the steps of extrusion, billeting and stamping. The composition details and the properties of the bar are presented in Table 1.
Composition of liquid detergents according to the invention and compairative
examples:
The composition comprises of two units with
a. Component 1: Comprising the MEA salt of phosphoric acid with or without
the de;tergent
b. Component 2: Comprising the alkaline trigger.
a. Composition of Component 1:
300g of water was taken in the main mixing vessel followed by the addition of 50g of hydrotropes and viscosity modifiers, 5g of colour, perfume and preservatives were added and mixed well in Example 8. In Examples 9 and 10 llOg of MEA phosphate was added prior to the addition of colour, perfume and preservatives. In Examples 11 and 12, 300g of water was taken in the main mixing vessel followed by the addition 31 g of sodium hydroxide (48% solution) and mixed for 2 minutes. 135 g of linear alkyl benzene sulphonlc (LAS) acid was added to this and mixed for 10 minutes. The temperature of the mix was brought down to 40oC. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 6-7 using either NaOH or the LAS acid. This was followed by mixing 220 g of MEA phosphate in case of Example 11 and 120g of MEA in case of Example 12. The minor components (such as electrofyte, viscosity modifier, hydrotrope, perfume, colour etc) were then added and mixed for 10 minutes. The final weight is made upto IKg with water.
b. Composition of Component 2:
A solution of sodium carbonate having a pH of 11.2 was prepared by dissolving
150g of sodium carbonate in 750 g of water. 50g of other Ingredients such as
buffers and viscosity modifiers were added in the case of Examples 8, 10, 11


and 12. In Example 9 the weight of sodium carbonate was replaced with water. The final weight is made upto IKg with water,
The two solutions, components 1 and 2 were placed in a container with two compartments that are physically segregated. The product compositions presented in Table 2 were analysed for different sensory and cleaning performance.
The compositions were analysed by different trained panellists for different sensory properties by the foffowing procedure.
Ammonical Odour and perfume impact:
The ammonical odour of the composition was rated on a 0-5 scale by an expert
panel of perfumers where 0 refers to none and 5 to very strong odour.
Nitrosamine:
The apparent total nitrosamine content (ATNC) was estimated by chemical de-
nitrosation of any N-nitroso moiety present by refluxing the sample in a
mixture of hydrobromic acid & acetic acid. The liberated nitric oxide is reacted
with ozone, and the chemffuminescence is measured and the detection limit is
20ppb.


Table 1: Analysis of solid compositions.
The data presented In Table 1 show that the bars prepared with phosphoric acid salt of monoethanolamine did not exhibit the pronounced anmionical odour or staining, delnking or delamination of the packaging material as did the bars with free monoethanolamine in presence of the alkaUne tagredient or not. Also, the perfume is able to cover the trace ammonical note generated in the case of bars with phosphoric acid salt of monoethanolamine and the alkaline Ingredient whUe its impact is lost when free alkanolamine is used.

Table 2: Analysis of liquid compositions.

The data presented in Table 2 show that the liquids prepared with phosphoric acid salt of monoethanolamine did not exhibit the ammonlcal odour or generate nltrosamines as did the liquids with free monoethanolamine.
The Tough soil cleaning efficlencv
The oil that has been polymerised by heating at high temperature is known as tough soil. Vegetable oU is smeared uniformly on a stainless steel plate and heated to get a polymerised oU film on the plate.
The product described in Table 1 was uniformly rubbed on the soUed plate and then rinsed with water. The performance was assessed to determine

percentage cleaning visually by trained personnel. The experiment was conducted with replicates and analysed statistically and presented in Table 3.
Table 3

Data presented in Table 3 show that the performance of the bar composition is not sacrificed when the alkanolamine is used In its salt form in combination with an inorganic alkaline material and it is released during in use through alkaline hydrolysis as the % tough soU cleaning values match those obtained when the free alkanolamine is used. However, in the absence of the Inorganic alkaline material the salt of alkanolamine will not have any effect in tough soil cleaning.
The components 1 and 2 of the respective examples described in Table 2 was taken in equal quantities and was uniformly spread on the soiled plate and then rinsed with water. The performance was assessed to determine percentage cleaning visually by trained personnel. The experiment was conducted with replicates and analysed statistically and presented in Table 4.
Table 4

Data presented in Table 4 show that in a liquid composition where there is a com^bination of MEA phosphate and an alkaline inorganic salt either in presence or absence of the detergent active the cleaning performance is

^ significantly superior to the other controls. The amine odour generated by MEA (Example 12) is also prevented.
Comparative Example 13-14. Example 15 Calcimn Hydroxide as inorganic alkaline material
The solid detergent compositions of Examples 13-15 were made as explained for Examples 1-12. In Example 15, calcium hydroxide is used as an alkaline trigger. A small amount of sodium carbonate is incorporated in Example 15 to the extent required only as a builder. Ammoniacal odour and perfume impact was determined as explained earlier. The compositions of Examples 13-15 and their properties are shown in Table 5.
Table 5


The data presented in Table 5 show that the bars prepared with phosphoric acid salt of monoethanolamine and Inorganic alkaline ingredient (Example 14 & 15) did not exhibit the pronounced ammonical odour or staining, deinking or delamination of the packaging material. Also, the perfume is able to cover the trace ammonical note generated in the case of bars with phosphoric acid salt of monoethanolamine and the alkaline ingredient. The control bar (Example 13) that did not contain the salt and did not have any problems with either ammonical odour, perfume impact or packaging.
The Tough soil cleaning efficiency
The oil that has been polymerised by heating at high temperature is known as tough soil. Vegetable oil is smeared uniformly on a stainless steel plate and heated to get a pol5mierised oU film on the plate.
The product was uniformly rubbed on the soiled plate and then rinsed with water. The performance was assessed to determine percentage cleaning visually by trained personnel. The experiment was conducted with replicates and analysed statistically and presented in Table 6.
Table 6

Performance Example 13 Example 14 Example 15
% Tough soil cleaning 10 95 95

WE CLAIM:



1. A cleaning system comprising:
(i) 0-40% weight detergent active;
(ii) 1-30% by weight of a source of amine salt comprising atleast one of
an anilne salt and Jte derivatives ;
(ui) 0.5-25% by weight inorganic alkaUne matericu
wherein the components ii and iii are provided in a manner such that they are not together in solution until use.
2. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 1 comprising a solid detergent
composition having
(i) 0-409^ by weight detergent active;
(11) 1-30% by weight of said source of amine salt comprising atleast one of an amine salt, its derivatives or an adjunct thereof alongwith a particulate having a water absorptive capacity of at least 100%; (ill) 0.5-25% by weight Inorganic alkaline material, wherein the components ii and ill are provided in a manner such that they are not together in solution until use.
3. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 1 comprising a detergent
composition in non-soM form having:
(I) 1-40% by weight detergent active
(II) 1-30% by weight of said source of amine salt comprising atleast one of an amine salt, its derivatives or an adjunct thereof alongwith a particulate having a water absorptive capacity of at least 100%;
(III) 0.5-25% by weight inorganic alkaline material
such that components (U) and (iii) are physically separated from each other and such that the composition is delivered at such levels during use.
4. A cleaning system as claimed In anyone of claims 1 to 3 wherein
component (1) is incorporated in component (ii) and/or (iii).

5. A cleaning system as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 4 wherein the amine salt comprises a reaction product of an amine with an acid.
6. A cleaning system as claimed In anyone of claim 5 wherein the amine is selected from a mono, di or substituted amine, preferably of molecular weight less than 300 and preferably with a pKa greater than 8.0.
7. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 6 wherein the amine is an alkanolamine, preferably of the formula H2N-R1-OH wherein Ri is a linear or branched all^l chain having 2-6 carbons.
8. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 7 wherein the alkanolamine is selected from 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol, aminomethyl propane-diol, THIS Oiydroxy methyl) propane-diol, mono- di- and tri- ethanolamine, mono- di- and tri -isopropanolamine, dimethyl-, diethyl or dibutyl ethanolamine, moipholine and mixtures thereof.
9. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 8 wherein the alkanolamine is 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol or monoethanolamine QVIEA) or mixtures thereof.

10. A cleaning system as claimed In anyone of claims 5 to 9 wherein the acid is inorganic or organic in nature.
11. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 10 wherein the acid is an inorgcmic acid chosen from phosphoric, hydrochloric, sulfiiric acid and the organic acid from oxalic, acetic and malonic acid.
12. A cleaning system as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 11 wherein the amine salt comprise phosphoric acid salt of monoethanolamine.

13. A cleaning system as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 12 wherein the alkaline inorganic material is preferably chosen from alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides and/or hydroxides preferably calcitim oxide or calcium hydroxide, sodiimi bicarbonate, alkaline builders preferably sodium carbonate, sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and tetrasodiimi pyrophosphate (TSPP), alkaline silicate, alkaline meta silicate, sodium aluminate, alkaline buffers and their mixtures thereof.
14. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 13 wherein the alkaline builder / buffer salt is selectively used in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 25% by Avt, preferably from 5 to 15% by wt.
15. A cleaning system as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 14 wherein the salt of the amine preferably comprise an adjunct with a particxilate having high water absorptive capacity in the range 100-300%; the ratio of the salt of the amine amine to the particulate being in the range 20:1 to 1:5.
16. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 15 wherein the particulate material is selected from high surface area particulates preferably High Surface Area calcites, gel, spray dried, or precipitated silica.
17. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 16 wherein the particulate material is precipitated silica with a water absorptive capacity of 230-260 and a surface area of 160-190 m^/gm.
18. A cleaning system as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 17 comprising one or more surfactants, preferably an anionic surfactant with an alkali or alkaline earth metal or ammonium or alkanolamine counter ion.
19. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 18 comprising other surfactants chosen from nonionic, amphoteric, zwitterionlc, cationic surfactants or thefr mixtures thereof.

20. A cleaning system as claimed in anyone of claims 18 to 19 wherein the anionic detergent active is present in an amount from 10 to 40% by weight and the nonionic detergent is present in an amount of from 0.5 to 15%, more preferably 5 to 10% by weight of the composition.
21. A cleaning system as clamed in anyone of claims 1 to 20 comprising other optional ingredients selected &om builder, abrasive, filler, bleach, solvent, perfume, colouring agent, fluorescer, enzyme, structurant etc.
22. A cleaning system as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 21 in the form of a bar, tablet, powder, granules, liquid, paste, gel, mousse, aerosol or compact, preferably having less than 15% water.
23. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 4 in the form of a cleansing kit comprising:
i. a cleaning composition comprising a detergent active and inorganic
alkaline material, said composition having a pH greater than 9 and provided as a packing and
ii. 1-30% by weight of a source of amine salt comprising atleast one of an
amine salt, its derivatives or an adjunct thereof alongwith a particulate having a water absorptive capacity of at least 100% as another package
along with an instruction manual describing the appropriate procedure to be followed for the effective use of the cleaning system.
24. The cleaning system as claimed in claim 23 comprising of (i) a cleaning composition
comprising from 5 to 75% by weight of detergent active and 5-80% by weight of a
detergency builder along with other conventional ingredients and (ii) the source of amine
salt comprising at least one of an

amine salt, its derivatives or adjunct thereof present at a level 1-30% during use.
25. A cleaning system with superior cleaning and low aramonical odour substantially as hereindescribed and illustrated with reference to the accompanying examples.


Dated 30* day of April 2002.
FORM -2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 of 1970)
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section 10)



HINDUSTAN LEVER LIMITED, a company incorporated under the Indian Companies Act, 1913 and having its registered office at Hindustan Lever House, 165/166, Backbay Reclamation, Mumbai -400 020, Maharashtra, India
The following specification particularly describes the nature of the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.




Technical field:
The present invention relates to detergent compositions in the form of bars/shaped tablets, compacts, liquid, pastes or powders or granules for superior cleaning of hard surface or fabric.
Background and Prior art :
Cleaning of soil from fabric or hard surfaces is achieved either manually or by the use of machines. Commercial hard surface cleaning compositions typically comprise, one or more surfactants and a plurality of abrasives dispersed therein. Combinations of these together with electrolytes are generally used to form a structuring system as is well known in the art.
Hard surfaces within household are kitchenware, kitchen floors and platforms, floors, bathrooms etc. and one encounters different types of soil on these surfaces. The soil generally encountered on kitchenware is of two types i.e. the mobile or greasy soU and the tough or difficult to remove soil consisting of dried-on or cooked-on food. The problem becomes more pronounced when the soil builds on over a period of time and this requires considerable effort to clean.
The conventional cleaning compositions for hard surface cleaning are formulated in the form of solids such as powders, granules, pastes and bars, and in the form of non-solid compositions such as liquids and gels.
Cleaning compositions in the solid form are much cheaper than liquids
because of low cost packaging and these are very popular forms for developing
countries. Amongst the solid form bars are gaining popularity and growing
rapidly in the market of developing countries because of better value delivery.
The product dosage in the solid form is easier, it avoids spillage and the
product application can be better controlled. Cleaning compositions in the bar
form are economically superior to other product forms and the dosage per
swipe from the bar is highly controlled. The bars/tablets also do not get easily
sogged in the presence of water and the active ingredients are not lost. The


bars/tablets require low packaging material and because of the ease of application it is highly preferred over the other forms of the same composition and it is especially important for low cost markets of the developing and emerging countries.
Solvents are well known components of detergent compositions to improve the cleaning performance of the composition significantly with respect the mobile or greasy soil and the tough or difflcult to remove soil consisting of dried-on or cooked-on food. Typical solvents used in cleaning compositions include, alcohols (such as ethanol), ethers (such as Butyl Cellosolve [TM]], paraffins (such as Isopar L [TM], esters and terpenes (such as d-limonene). Another known class of solvents are the alkanolamtnes. EP503219A (P&G) relates to a cleaning composition containing 0.1-10% of an alkanolamine.
Our copending applications 535/Bom/98 and 536/Bom/98 also disclose abrasive cleaning compositions comprising C2-C6 alkanolamine to obtain superior cleaning of both oily soil and stuck on tough sofi.
Fabric washing compositions contain, as an essential ingredient, a surfactant system whose role is to assist in removal of sofi from the fabric and its suspension in the wash fiquor. Solvents have also been used in compositions for fabric washing in order to enhance detergency, lather and to give a softening effect to the fabric. It is also common to employ alkanolamines in fabric washing compositions.
Incorporation of amines in general and particularly the commonly used alkanolamine in detergent compositions poses a problem as alkanolamine is corrosive, has the potential to generate nitrosamlnes and also has the typical amine odour which is difficult to mask. Use of alkanolamines in bar compositions also poses a problem in extrusion of the dough and in pastes it poses a stability problem as the product tends to phase separate. These compositions containing the amines are also difficult to package in simple

packaging materials as they dtSiise through resulting in staining, de-inking and de-lamination and stress fracture of the packaging material.
Attempts to solve the problem of amine mal odour that interferes with the perfume have been reported. One such approach has been to use excess perfume to over power the odour or use perfume with specific components that neutralise the amine. WO0055288 (P&G), discloses detergent compositions, particularly for manual dishwashing which, by incorporating a combination of anionic surfactants, solvents and certain selected perfume compositions that do not have the maladors associated with certain nitrogenous ingredients such as amines. It is proposed that reacting part of the amine with aldehyde component of the perfume result in the formation of the Schlffs base that is odourless.
JP51130411 discloses a dewaxing/degreasing agent for removing oil and fat comprising a water soluble solvent, a surfactant and an alkanolamlne salt. This composition does not teach the release of free alkanolamlne and hence is limited to cleaning of specific soils such as grease/mobile soil.
US4175051 and US4140647 (Kao) disclose detergent composition comprising an organic phosphoric acid ester of alkanolamlne and a surface active agent, with excellent detergency and ability to remove viscous or solid soils and stains formed by polymerisation of oils or fat. These do not alleviate the problems encountered during processing or packaging of sofid detergent compositions or teach the need for alkaline trigger to release the amine.
It has now been found that these problems can be solved by using one or more amines in its salt form and segregated fi'om an alkaline trigger, however, ensuring that the amine salt and the alkali come in contact with each other during use to release the free amine. This helps providing superior cleaning and superior sensory attributes such as perfume impact and low ammonlcal odour.

Thus according to the present invention there is provided a solid cleaning composition comprising:

i. / 0-40%/by weight detergent active
il. 1-30% by weight salt of at least one amine and one or more acid or the
derivatives thereof or an adjunct of the said salt with a particulate
having a water absorptive capacity of at least 100% ill. 0.5-25% by weight inorganic atkaline material
the components ii and ill being provided In a manner such that they are not together in solution until use.
According to one embodiment of the present Invention there is provided a solid detergent composition comprising:
i. 1-40% by weight detergent active
il. 1-30% by weight salt of at least one amine and one or more acid or the
derivatives thereof or an adjunct of the said salt with a particulate
having a water absorptive capacity of at least 100% ill. 0.5-25% by weight inorganic alkaline material
the components 11 and Hi being provided in a manner such that they are not together In solution until use.
According to another embodiment of the present invention there is provided a cleaning composition, in non-soM form comprising:
I. 0-40% by weight detergent active.
II. 1-30% by weight salt of at least one amine and one or more acid or the derivatives thereof
ill. 0.5-25% by weight inorganic alkaline material
such that the composition is delivered at such levels during use.

The components (ii) and (iii) are provided in separate enclosures such that they do not come into contact until use. The concentrations of the two components are so maintained such that the composition is delivered at levels mentioned above during use. When component [i] is greater than zero it can be incorporated either with component [ii] or [ui]. The two components [li] and [iii] optionally along with component [i] can be delivered on to the surface to be cleaned by any conventional method of dispensing such as co-extrusion, spraying, pumping etc.
The non-soHd form refers to the product in the form of gel, mousse, aerosol or paste.
It is particularly preferred that the amine is an alkanolamine and it is a salt of orthophosphoric acid. For solid compositions it is preferred that the alkanolamine salt of phosphoric acid is in the form of an adjunct with silica, a particulate material having a high water absorptive capacity.
Detailed description:
The Invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to compositions for cleaning kitchen ware and kitchen surfaces but is not restricted to cleaning of these and can be applied to other hard surfaces or fabric. The invention essentially relates to a cleaning composition comprising of optionally a detergent active, a salt of an amine as such or as an adjunct with a particulate having a high water absorptive capacity such as silica and an inorgjanic alkaline material. It is particularly preferred to have a detergent active in the composition.
The product may be formulated as a powder, granule, bar, tablet, liquid, paste mousse, aerosol, gel or a compact. It is preferred that there is no free amine in the composition until the product is in use and to achieve this in the solid forms of the product the water in the composition is maintained below 15%.

In non-solid form of the product the salt of the amine is physically separated from the alkaline agent.
Solid compositions can be prepared by conventional manufacturing processes such as spray dr5nng, mixing, extrusion and compaction or other known processes. It is particularly preferred that the adjunct of silica and salt of alkanolamine is added at the end of the process.
When the composition is in the non-solid form the components (ii) £ind (ili) are separated from each other by providing the components in containers having separate compartments for the same, such that the said components come into contact only during the use of the composition. The compositions of the two compartments can be prepared by conventional means through mixing of ingredients at required concentrations to be able to deliver the amounts as indicated.
The present invention can also be provided as a cleansing kit comprising
i. the detergent composition with a pH greater than 9 as a separate
packing and ii. the composition comprising salt of at least one amine and one or more
acid or the derivatives thereof or an adjunct of the said salt with a
particulate having a water absorptive capacity of at least 100% as
another package along with an instruction manual describing the appropriate procedure to be followed for the effective use of the cleaning system. The detergent composition when provided separately in the kit essentially comprises from 5 to 75% by weight of detergent active and 5-80% by weight of a detergency builder along with other conventional ingredients. The said salt of at least one amine and one or more acid or the derivatives thereof or an adjunct of the said salt is at a level 1-30% during use.

Amine salt:
The amine salt may be prepared by reacting one or more amine with at least one acid or may be obtained from any commercial source. The amine may be a mono or di amine or a substituted amine such as alkanolamine. It is preferable that the molecular weight of the amine is less than 300 and the pKa is greater than 8.0. It is also preferable that the amine is a primary amine.
The alkanolamine for the present invention can be mono- or poly-functional as regards the amine and hydroxy^ moieties. Preferred alkanolamines are generally of the formula H2N-R1-OH where Ri is a Unear or branched alkyl chain having 2-6 carbons. Preferred alkanolamines include 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol, aminomethyl propane-diol, TRIS (hydroxy methyl) propane-diol, mono- di-and tri- ethanolamine, mono- di- and tri -isopropanolamine, dimethyl-, diethyl or dibutyl ethanolamine, and mixtures thereof. It is envisaged that cyclic alkanolamines such as morpholine can also be employed. Particularly preferred alkanolamine especially to clean tough or aged soil are 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) and monoethanolamine (MEA).
The acids suitable for the reaction may be Inorganic or organic in nature. The inorganic acid may be selected from phosphoric, hydrochloric, sulphuric, and the organic acid may be oxalic, acetic, malonic etc.
It is particularly preferred to use phosphoric acid salt of monoethanolamine (MEA) and 2-amlno-2-methyl-l-propanol (AMP).
The context of solid compositions the salt of the amine is preferably added as
an adjunct with a particulate having high water absorptive capacity In the
range 100-300%. The particulate material with high water absorptive capacity
may be selected from high surface area particulates like HSA calcites,
precipitated silica etc. The adjunct of the amine salt is a free flowing powder
and also reduces the interaction of the salt with the Inorganic alkaline material
in the product. The ratio of the salt of the amine to a particulate having high


water absorptive capacity is in the range 20:1 to 1:5. The preferred particulate can be selected from gel, precipitated or spray dried silica and the most preferred is precipitated silica with water absorptive capacity of around 230-260 and surface area of around 160-190 m2/gm.
Inorganic alkaline material:
The alkaline morganlc salts used in the composition are preferably chosen from alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides and/or hydroxide;^ like calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium tripol5Tphosphate (STPP), tetrasodium p)n"ophosphate (TSPP), alkaline silicate, alkaline meta silicate, sodium aluminate, and combinations of these. Builders / alkaline buffer salts are suitably used in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 25% by wt, preferably from 5 to 15% by wt.
Detergent actives:
The composition according to the invention will optionally comprise an anionic surfactant with an alkali or alkaline earth metal or ammonium or alkanolamine counter ion or a mixture thereof. Other detergent actives such as nonionic, cationlc, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants may also be present. However, it is preferred that a detergent active is incorporated in the com^position.
Suitable anionic detergent active compounds are water soluble salts of organic sulphiiric reaction products having in the molecular structure an alkyl radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and a radical chosen from sulphonic acid or sulphuric acid ester radicals and mixtures thereof.
The preferred water-soluble synthetic anionic detergent active compounds
are higher alkyl benzene sulphonates and mixtures with olefin sulphonates
and higher alkyl sulphates, and the higher fatty acid monoglyceride
sulphates. The more preferred anionic detergent active compounds are
9

higher
containing from 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group in a straight or branched chain, particular examples of which are higher alkyl benzene sulphonates or of higher-alkyl toluene, xylene or phenol sulphonates, alkyl naphthalene sulphonates, diamyl naphthalene sulphonate, and dinonyl naphthalene sulphonate.
The amount of sjnithetic anionic detergent active to. be employed in the detergent composition of this invention will generally be up to 40% and more preferably from 10 to 40% by weight.
Suitable nonionic detergent active compounds can be broadb compounds produced by the condensation of alkylene oxide groi hydrophilic in nature, with an organic hydrophobic compound aliphatic or alkyl aromatic in nature. The length of the ' polyoxyall^lene radical which is condensed with any particula group can be readily adjusted to yield a water-soluble compou desired degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic (
Particular examples include the condensation product of alip
having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms in either straight or bi
configuration with ethylene oxide, such as a coconut oil (
condensate having from 2 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide per rr
alcohol; condensates of all^lphenols whose alkyl group contain
carbon atoms with 5 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole (
condensates of the reaction product of ethylenediamine and p
with ethylene oxide, the condensate containing from 4(
polyojgrethylene radicals by weight and having a molecular 5,000 to 11,000; tertiary amine oxides of structure R3NO, where
an alkyl group of 8 to 18 carbon atoms and the others are eacl
or hydroxyethyl groups, for Instance ditnethyldodecylamine
phosphirie oxides of structure R3PO, where one group R is an
from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, and the others are each aU^l o


^ groups of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, for Instance dimethyldodecylphosphine oxide; and dialkyl sulphoxides of structure R2SO where the group R is an alkyl group of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms and the other is methyl or ethyl, for Instance methyltetradecyl sulphoxide; fatty acid alkylolamides; alkylene oxide condensates of fatty acid alkylolamides and altyl mercaptans. The nonionic can also be selected from a range of alkyl poly glycosides.
The amount of nonionic detergent active to be, employed in the detergent composition of the invention will generally be from 0.5 to 15% wt., preferably from 5 to 10% by weight.
It is also possible optionally to Include amphoteric, cationic or zwitterionic detergent actives in the compositions according to the invention.
Suitable amphoteric detergent-active compounds that optionally can be employed are derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines containing an alkyl group of 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an aliphatic radical substituted by an anionic water-solubUizing group, for instance sodium 3-dodecylamino-propionate, sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulphonate and sodiimi N-2-hydroxydodecyl-N-methyltaurate. Suitable cationic detergent-active compounds are quaternary ammonium salts having an aliphatic radical of from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, for instance cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide.
Suitable zwitterionic detergent-active compounds that optionally can be employed are derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, sulphonium and phosphonium compounds having an aliphatic radical of from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an aliphatic radical substituted by an anionic water-solubUising group, for instance 3-(N-N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonium) propane-1-sulphonate betaine, 3-(dodecylmethyl sulphoniumi) propane-1-sulphonate betaine and 3-(cetylmethylphosphonium) ethane sulphonate betaine.
Further examples of suitable detergent-active compounds are compounds
conunonly used as surface-active agents given in the well-known textbooks


"Surface Active Agents", Volume I by Schwartz and Peny and "Siuface Active Agents and Detergents", Volume II by Schwartz, Perry and Berch.
Other Ingredients :
Other ingredients such as builders, abrasives, fillers, solvents, perfumes, colouring agents, floiirescers, enzymes, structurants can also be used in the composition.
Suitable abrasives can be selected from, particulate zeolites, calcites, dolomites, feldspar, silica, silicates, other carbonates, alumina, bicarbonates, borates, sulphates and polymeric materials such as polyethylene. There can be an abrasive system with more than a single type of abrasive to achieve a balanced abrasive property. For eg. Studies show that combination of abrasives of different hardness in a composition provide significant benefits in some of the user properties.
Preferred abrasives for use in general purpose compositions particularly bars have a Mho hardness 2-9. Preferred average particle sizes for the abrasive fall in the range 25-400 microns, with values of 30-200 microns being preferred. Preferred levels of total abrasive soluble and Insoluble together range from 20-90 wt % on product, more preferably in the range 40-60 wt%.
Besides mixtures of calcium and magnesium carbonates (dolomite) the essential abrasive component in the composition the other most preferred abrasives are calcium carbonate (as Calcite), sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium sulphate, zeolites, alumina, hydrated alumina, feldspar, talc and silica.
Calcite, feldspar and dolomite and mixtures thereof are particularly preferred due to their low cost, suitable hardness and colour.

Fillers:
Fillers may be incorporated in the composition if required and suitable for use in the composition include kaolin, calcium carbonate (calcite), talc, soapstone, other clays and the combination of these materials, used singly or in combination, suitably in an amount ranging from 10 to 30% by weight.
The compositions according to the invention may optionally contain polymeric structuring agents to aid in providing appropriate rheological properties and in enhancing their distribution and adherence of the composition to the hard surface to be cleaned.
The invention wiU now be illustrated with respect to the following non-limiting examples.
Examples:
Composition of solid detergents according to the invention and comparative examples:
Detergent bars were processed as a batch of 20 kg by conventional bar
processing technology and the composition details are presented in Table 1.
3.5 kg of sodium carbonate and was mixed with 3.3 kg of linear aU^l benzene
sulphonic acid in a sigma mixer. This was followed by additions 3.6 kg of
dolomite and other minor ingredients and mixed and followed by extrusion,
billeting and stamping (Example 1). Other ingredients were added after the
addition of dolomite and minor ingredients. 0.76 kg monoethanolamine (MEA)
in Example 2 and 1.4 kg of phosphoric acid Scilt of monoethanolamine (MEA
phosphate) in Example 4 and 5 were added such that the level of MEA in the
composition is maintained same. In Example 4 the Inorganic alkaline material
was withheld. A mixture of MEA and silica was added in Example 3, and a
mixture of MEA phosphate and silica in Example 6 whereas an adjunct of
phosphoric acid salt of monoethanolamine with precipitated silica was
13

prepared separately by mixing 1.4 Kg of MEA phosphate and 0.4 Kg of the silica and 1.8 kg of the adjunct was added in Example 7. The different ingredients were added and mixed well before the steps of extrusion, billeting and stamping. The composition details and the properties of the bar are presented in Table 1.
Composition of liquid detergents according to the invention and compairative
examples:
The composition comprises of two units with
a. Component 1: Comprising the MEA salt of phosphoric acid with or without
the de;tergent
b. Component 2: Comprising the alkaline trigger.
a. Composition of Component 1:
300g of water was taken in the main mixing vessel followed by the addition of 50g of hydrotropes and viscosity modifiers, 5g of colour, perfume and preservatives were added and mixed well in Example 8. In Examples 9 and 10 llOg of MEA phosphate was added prior to the addition of colour, perfume and preservatives. In Examples 11 and 12, 300g of water was taken in the main mixing vessel followed by the addition 31 g of sodium hydroxide (48% solution) and mixed for 2 minutes. 135 g of linear alkyl benzene sulphonlc (LAS) acid was added to this and mixed for 10 minutes. The temperature of the mix was brought down to 40oC. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 6-7 using either NaOH or the LAS acid. This was followed by mixing 220 g of MEA phosphate in case of Example 11 and 120g of MEA in case of Example 12. The minor components (such as electrofyte, viscosity modifier, hydrotrope, perfume, colour etc) were then added and mixed for 10 minutes. The final weight is made upto IKg with water.
b. Composition of Component 2:
A solution of sodium carbonate having a pH of 11.2 was prepared by dissolving
150g of sodium carbonate in 750 g of water. 50g of other Ingredients such as
buffers and viscosity modifiers were added in the case of Examples 8, 10, 11


and 12. In Example 9 the weight of sodium carbonate was replaced with water. The final weight is made upto IKg with water,
The two solutions, components 1 and 2 were placed in a container with two compartments that are physically segregated. The product compositions presented in Table 2 were analysed for different sensory and cleaning performance.
The compositions were analysed by different trained panellists for different sensory properties by the foffowing procedure.
Ammonical Odour and perfume impact:
The ammonical odour of the composition was rated on a 0-5 scale by an expert
panel of perfumers where 0 refers to none and 5 to very strong odour.
Nitrosamine:
The apparent total nitrosamine content (ATNC) was estimated by chemical de-
nitrosation of any N-nitroso moiety present by refluxing the sample in a
mixture of hydrobromic acid & acetic acid. The liberated nitric oxide is reacted
with ozone, and the chemffuminescence is measured and the detection limit is
20ppb.


Table 1: Analysis of solid compositions.
The data presented In Table 1 show that the bars prepared with phosphoric acid salt of monoethanolamine did not exhibit the pronounced anmionical odour or staining, delnking or delamination of the packaging material as did the bars with free monoethanolamine in presence of the alkaUne tagredient or not. Also, the perfume is able to cover the trace ammonical note generated in the case of bars with phosphoric acid salt of monoethanolamine and the alkaline Ingredient whUe its impact is lost when free alkanolamine is used.

Table 2: Analysis of liquid compositions.

The data presented in Table 2 show that the liquids prepared with phosphoric acid salt of monoethanolamine did not exhibit the ammonlcal odour or generate nltrosamines as did the liquids with free monoethanolamine.
The Tough soil cleaning efficlencv
The oil that has been polymerised by heating at high temperature is known as tough soil. Vegetable oU is smeared uniformly on a stainless steel plate and heated to get a polymerised oU film on the plate.
The product described in Table 1 was uniformly rubbed on the soUed plate and then rinsed with water. The performance was assessed to determine

percentage cleaning visually by trained personnel. The experiment was conducted with replicates and analysed statistically and presented in Table 3.
Table 3

Data presented in Table 3 show that the performance of the bar composition is not sacrificed when the alkanolamine is used In its salt form in combination with an inorganic alkaline material and it is released during in use through alkaline hydrolysis as the % tough soU cleaning values match those obtained when the free alkanolamine is used. However, in the absence of the Inorganic alkaline material the salt of alkanolamine will not have any effect in tough soil cleaning.
The components 1 and 2 of the respective examples described in Table 2 was taken in equal quantities and was uniformly spread on the soiled plate and then rinsed with water. The performance was assessed to determine percentage cleaning visually by trained personnel. The experiment was conducted with replicates and analysed statistically and presented in Table 4.
Table 4

Data presented in Table 4 show that in a liquid composition where there is a com^bination of MEA phosphate and an alkaline inorganic salt either in presence or absence of the detergent active the cleaning performance is

^ significantly superior to the other controls. The amine odour generated by MEA (Example 12) is also prevented.
Comparative Example 13-14. Example 15 Calcimn Hydroxide as inorganic alkaline material
The solid detergent compositions of Examples 13-15 were made as explained for Examples 1-12. In Example 15, calcium hydroxide is used as an alkaline trigger. A small amount of sodium carbonate is incorporated in Example 15 to the extent required only as a builder. Ammoniacal odour and perfume impact was determined as explained earlier. The compositions of Examples 13-15 and their properties are shown in Table 5.
Table 5


The data presented in Table 5 show that the bars prepared with phosphoric acid salt of monoethanolamine and Inorganic alkaline ingredient (Example 14 & 15) did not exhibit the pronounced ammonical odour or staining, deinking or delamination of the packaging material. Also, the perfume is able to cover the trace ammonical note generated in the case of bars with phosphoric acid salt of monoethanolamine and the alkaline ingredient. The control bar (Example 13) that did not contain the salt and did not have any problems with either ammonical odour, perfume impact or packaging.
The Tough soil cleaning efficiency
The oil that has been polymerised by heating at high temperature is known as tough soil. Vegetable oil is smeared uniformly on a stainless steel plate and heated to get a pol5mierised oU film on the plate.
The product was uniformly rubbed on the soiled plate and then rinsed with water. The performance was assessed to determine percentage cleaning visually by trained personnel. The experiment was conducted with replicates and analysed statistically and presented in Table 6.
Table 6

Performance Example 13 Example 14 Example 15
% Tough soil cleaning 10 95 95

WE CLAIM:



1. A cleaning system comprising:
(i) 0-40% weight detergent active;
(ii) 1-30% by weight of a source of amine salt comprising atleast one of
an anilne salt and Jte derivatives ;
(ui) 0.5-25% by weight inorganic alkaUne matericu
wherein the components ii and iii are provided in a manner such that they are not together in solution until use.
2. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 1 comprising a solid detergent
composition having
(i) 0-409^ by weight detergent active;
(11) 1-30% by weight of said source of amine salt comprising atleast one of an amine salt, its derivatives or an adjunct thereof alongwith a particulate having a water absorptive capacity of at least 100%; (ill) 0.5-25% by weight Inorganic alkaline material, wherein the components ii and ill are provided in a manner such that they are not together in solution until use.
3. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 1 comprising a detergent
composition in non-soM form having:
(I) 1-40% by weight detergent active
(II) 1-30% by weight of said source of amine salt comprising atleast one of an amine salt, its derivatives or an adjunct thereof alongwith a particulate having a water absorptive capacity of at least 100%;
(III) 0.5-25% by weight inorganic alkaline material
such that components (U) and (iii) are physically separated from each other and such that the composition is delivered at such levels during use.
4. A cleaning system as claimed In anyone of claims 1 to 3 wherein
component (1) is incorporated in component (ii) and/or (iii).

5. A cleaning system as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 4 wherein the amine salt comprises a reaction product of an amine with an acid.
6. A cleaning system as claimed In anyone of claim 5 wherein the amine is selected from a mono, di or substituted amine, preferably of molecular weight less than 300 and preferably with a pKa greater than 8.0.
7. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 6 wherein the amine is an alkanolamine, preferably of the formula H2N-R1-OH wherein Ri is a linear or branched all^l chain having 2-6 carbons.
8. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 7 wherein the alkanolamine is selected from 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol, aminomethyl propane-diol, THIS Oiydroxy methyl) propane-diol, mono- di- and tri- ethanolamine, mono- di- and tri -isopropanolamine, dimethyl-, diethyl or dibutyl ethanolamine, moipholine and mixtures thereof.
9. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 8 wherein the alkanolamine is 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol or monoethanolamine QVIEA) or mixtures thereof.

10. A cleaning system as claimed In anyone of claims 5 to 9 wherein the acid is inorganic or organic in nature.
11. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 10 wherein the acid is an inorgcmic acid chosen from phosphoric, hydrochloric, sulfiiric acid and the organic acid from oxalic, acetic and malonic acid.
12. A cleaning system as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 11 wherein the amine salt comprise phosphoric acid salt of monoethanolamine.

13. A cleaning system as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 12 wherein the alkaline inorganic material is preferably chosen from alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides and/or hydroxides preferably calcitim oxide or calcium hydroxide, sodiimi bicarbonate, alkaline builders preferably sodium carbonate, sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and tetrasodiimi pyrophosphate (TSPP), alkaline silicate, alkaline meta silicate, sodium aluminate, alkaline buffers and their mixtures thereof.
14. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 13 wherein the alkaline builder / buffer salt is selectively used in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 25% by Avt, preferably from 5 to 15% by wt.
15. A cleaning system as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 14 wherein the salt of the amine preferably comprise an adjunct with a particxilate having high water absorptive capacity in the range 100-300%; the ratio of the salt of the amine amine to the particulate being in the range 20:1 to 1:5.
16. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 15 wherein the particulate material is selected from high surface area particulates preferably High Surface Area calcites, gel, spray dried, or precipitated silica.
17. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 16 wherein the particulate material is precipitated silica with a water absorptive capacity of 230-260 and a surface area of 160-190 m^/gm.
18. A cleaning system as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 17 comprising one or more surfactants, preferably an anionic surfactant with an alkali or alkaline earth metal or ammonium or alkanolamine counter ion.
19. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 18 comprising other surfactants chosen from nonionic, amphoteric, zwitterionlc, cationic surfactants or thefr mixtures thereof.

20. A cleaning system as claimed in anyone of claims 18 to 19 wherein the anionic detergent active is present in an amount from 10 to 40% by weight and the nonionic detergent is present in an amount of from 0.5 to 15%, more preferably 5 to 10% by weight of the composition.
21. A cleaning system as clamed in anyone of claims 1 to 20 comprising other optional ingredients selected &om builder, abrasive, filler, bleach, solvent, perfume, colouring agent, fluorescer, enzyme, structurant etc.
22. A cleaning system as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 21 in the form of a bar, tablet, powder, granules, liquid, paste, gel, mousse, aerosol or compact, preferably having less than 15% water.
23. A cleaning system as claimed in claim 4 in the form of a cleansing kit comprising:
i. a cleaning composition comprising a detergent active and inorganic
alkaline material, said composition having a pH greater than 9 and provided as a packing and
ii. 1-30% by weight of a source of amine salt comprising atleast one of an
amine salt, its derivatives or an adjunct thereof alongwith a particulate having a water absorptive capacity of at least 100% as another package
along with an instruction manual describing the appropriate procedure to be followed for the effective use of the cleaning system.
24. The cleaning system as claimed in claim 23 comprising of (i) a cleaning composition
comprising from 5 to 75% by weight of detergent active and 5-80% by weight of a
detergency builder along with other conventional ingredients and (ii) the source of amine
salt comprising at least one of an

amine salt, its derivatives or adjunct thereof present at a level 1-30% during use.
25. A cleaning system with superior cleaning and low aramonical odour substantially as hereindescribed and illustrated with reference to the accompanying examples.


Dated 30 day of April 2002.

Documents:

407-mum-2001-cancelled page(6-5-2004).pdf

407-mum-2001-claim(granted-(6-5-2004).pdf

407-mum-2001-claims(granted-(6-5-2004).doc

407-mum-2001-correspondence(15-4-2005).pdf

407-mum-2001-correspondence(ipo)-(17-1-2006).pdf

407-mum-2001-correspondence02(30-4-2002).pdf

407-mum-2001-form 1(30-4-2001).pdf

407-mum-2001-form 19(23-6-2003).pdf

407-mum-2001-form 2(granted-(6-5-2004).doc

407-mum-2001-form 2(granted-(6-5-2004).pdf

407-mum-2001-form 3(30-4-2002).pdf

407-mum-2001-form 5(30-4-2002).pdf

407-mum-2001-form-pct-isa-210(30-4-2001).pdf

407-mum-2001-power of attorney(14-2-2003).pdf


Patent Number 197844
Indian Patent Application Number 407/MUM/2001
PG Journal Number 41/2008
Publication Date 10-Oct-2008
Grant Date 17-Jan-2006
Date of Filing 30-Apr-2001
Name of Patentee HINDUSTAN LEVER LIMITED
Applicant Address HINDUSTAN LEVER HOUSE, 165/166, BACKBAY RECLAMATION, MUMBAI
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 KAPOOR BIR 2B, ANUSANDHAN, HLRC COMPLEX, CHAKALA, ANDHERI (EAST), MUMBAI - 400099.
2 MAHAPATRA SAMIRAN 2C, AGRASAR, HLRC COMPLEX, CHAKALA, ANDHERI (EAST), MUMBAI - 400099
3 RAMAMURTHI SURESH 5C, AGRASAR, HLRC COMPLEX, CHAKALA, ANDHERI (EAST), MUMBAI - 400099
4 SANKHOLKAR DEVADATTA SHIVAJI 2A, ANUSANDHAN, HLRC COMPLEX, CHAKALA, ANDHERI (EAST), MUMBAI - 400099
PCT International Classification Number N/A
PCT International Application Number N/A
PCT International Filing date
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 NA