Title of Invention	"A METHOD FOR THE COLD BATCH PREPARATION OF A NON-FINISHED TEXTILE MATERIAL AND/OR IMPROVE THE WETTABILITY THEREOF"
Abstract	A method for the treatment of a non-finished textile component in a cold batch process is provided. The method comprises the steps of treating a non-finished textile component in an aqueous bleaching solution of hydrogen and a hydrophobic bleach activator or hydrophobic peracid followed by a treatment time of from about 1 hour to about 15 hours at a temperature of 35° C or less. Preferred bleach activators include the alkanoyloxybenzene sulfonates and in particular noanoyloxybenzene sulfonate. The method provides acceptable whiteness and superior fiber protection and fabric strength benefits in significantly reduced treatment times versus conventional.

Title of Invention

"A METHOD FOR THE COLD BATCH PREPARATION OF A NON-FINISHED TEXTILE MATERIAL AND/OR IMPROVE THE WETTABILITY THEREOF"

Abstract

A method for the treatment of a non-finished textile component in a cold batch process is provided. The method comprises the steps of treating a non-finished textile component in an aqueous bleaching solution of hydrogen and a hydrophobic bleach activator or hydrophobic peracid followed by a treatment time of from about 1 hour to about 15 hours at a temperature of 35° C or less. Preferred bleach activators include the alkanoyloxybenzene sulfonates and in particular noanoyloxybenzene sulfonate. The method provides acceptable whiteness and superior fiber protection and fabric strength benefits in significantly reduced treatment times versus conventional.

Full Text	A METHOD FOR THE COLD BATCH PREPARATION OF A NON- FINISHED TEXTILE COMPONENT BY THE USE OF HYDROPHOBIC BLEACHING SYSTEMS. Technical Field The present invention relates to the cold batch preparation of a non-finished textile component by the use of hydrophobic bleaching systems and, more particularly, to the use of activated peroxide bleaching via hydrophobic activators. Background of the Invention In the textile processing of natural fibers, yarns and fabrics, a pretreatment or x preparation step is typically required to properly prepare the natural materials for further use and in particular for the dyeing and /or finishing stages typically required for commercial goods. These textile treatment steps remove impurities and color bodies, either naturally existing or those added by the spinning and weaving steps to the fibers and/or fabrics. While textile treatments may include a number of varying treatments and stages, the most common include singeing - the removal of loose or miscellaneous fibers from the surfaces by burning with a flame; de-sizing- the removal of sizing agents, such as starches, via enzymatic soaking, scouring- the removal of greases, oils waxes and fats by contact with a solution of sodium hydroxide at temperatures near boiling; mercerization - the application of high levels of sodium hydroxide in conjunction with stretching and pulling of the fabrics for increased fiber strength. An additional common pretreatment step involves a bleaching step to destroy naturally occurring color bodies. The bleaching step provides a uniform white appearance for consumer acceptable whites as well as provides a uniform color base for dyeing or printing. Thus, a highly; successful bleaching step is necessary for commercially acceptable consumer fabrics. Traditional textile bleaching of natural fibers has involved the use of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide has gained its wide acceptance due to its flexibility of use being capable in both hot' and rapid or cold and long dwell bleaching processes and due to its environmental friendliness. While hydrogen peroxide has gained wide spread acceptance in the textile industry, it is not a particularly effective bleaching agent. Hydrogen peroxide, as commercially supplied is an extremely stable compound and as a result has only a slight bleaching effect on natural fibers. To overcome its weak activity, extremely high temperatures and/or extremely long bleaching times are required in commercial processes in addition to activation of the peroxide. That is, temperatures in excess of 95° C are typically required or reaction times in excess of 20 hours. In addition, activation of the peroxide via the use of alkali, sulfuric acid, uv irradiation, hypochlorite or organic activators is also necessary with alkali being the most preferred. Not only do these drawbacks result in excessive cost associated with commercial textile peroxide bleacliing, but the high temperatures and/or long contact times result in significant fiber damage and strength reduction of the resultant yarns and fabrics. Organic activators have been attempted in textile bleaching systems to little success. Tetra acetyl ethylene diamine or TAED is a common hydrophilic bleach activator widely accepted in the consumer laundry bleaching applications to provide effective bleaching at lower wash temperatures. TAED has been taught in hydrogen peroxide textile bleaching, and in particular in the bleaching of regenerated cellulosics such as rayon. However, while TAED has allowed lower bleaching temperatures, it has proven to provide little advantage in the liber damage and fiber strength of cellulosics such as rayon. In addition, the poor water solubility of TAED limits its application in textile processing. Hydrophobic bleach activators, such as nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate, sodium salt (NOBS) have been employed in consumer laundry detergent applications such as Tide® with Bleach to work in conjunction with peroxygen sources to provide activated bleacliing in consumer laundering of garments. Activated bleaching in consumer home laundry conditions allows effective cleaning of certain soils and stains in cold water temperatures. However, the use of hydrophobic systems has been limited m a home consumer laundry environment due to the formation of diacyl peroxides in the wash solution. Diacyl peroxides degrade natural robber components into which they come in contact. Thus, sump hoses, rubber gaskets, etc in laundry machines have prevented explotation of this technology in certain geographies. The severe conditions employed in the bleaching of textiles have heretofore prevented the successful application of laundry detergent bleaching technology in textile mill applications. Indeed, EP 584,710 discloses the use of activated bleaching in textile mill applications wherein NOBS is briefly disclosed along with a multitude of other classes and types of activators. While NOBS is disclosed, there is no successful application of hydrophobic bleaching technology where acceptable whiteness values are achieved while damage to fabrics and fibers is minimized. Indeed, •EP 584.710 specifics that in order to achieve acceptable whiteness benefits, additional alkali bleaching is necessary which will dramatically increase fiber damage. Typical peroxide based textile bleaching systems involve the hot batch, continuous or cold batch processing. Hot batch and continuous peroxide bleaching both involve the application of peroxide bleaching solutions at highly elevated temperature (in excess of 95 °C). These elevated temperatures provide acceptable whiteness profiles on the treated fabrics and have a high throughput due to short reaction times, typically 60 minutes or less. However, hot temperature processing, while being very effective, has the significant drawbacks of higher energy and cost due to the extreme temperatures required expensive specialized processing equipment and importantly, increased fiber damage due to the aggressive conditions. In contrasts to these drawbacks, cold batch processing involves the saturation of a textile with a peroxide based solution followed by a long reaction time (more than 20 hours) at room temperature. While cold batch processing solves the aforementioned problems of fiber damage and elevated cost due to energy and specialized equipment, cold batch brings the significant disadvantages of an inability to achieve acceptable whiteness profiles thereby limiting its usefulness to dyed fabrics rather than white fabrics as well as very low throughput due to the long reaction times necessary. Accordingly, the need remains for an effective textile treatment process which will provide acceptable whiteness profiles and shorter reaction times in room temperature cold batch bleaching. Summary of the Invention Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for the cold batch preparation of a non finished textile component comprising the steps of providing a non-finished textile component, saturating said textile component with an aqueous bleaching solution comprising hydrogen peroxide, 10 to about 50 g/L of sodium hydroxide, and a hydrophobic bleaching agent, and allowing said bleaching solution to remain in contact with said textile component for a period of time between 1 and 16 hours at a temperature of less than 35 °C. Accordingly, the present invention also provides a method for improving the wettability loss of textile components comprising the steps of: a) providing an incoming non-finished woven fabric; b) saturating said fabric to an aqueous bleaching solution, said bleaching solution comprising a mixture of hydrogen peroxide, from 10 to about 50 g/L of sodium hydroxide and a hydrophobic bleach activator or a 30 pre-formed hydrophobic activator, holding said bleaching solution to a temperature less than 35 °C. and allowing said bleaching solution to contact said fabric for a period of time of from about 1 to about 15 hours. This need is met by the present invention wherein a method for the cold batch treatment of textiles using activated peroxygen bleaching with hydrophobic bleaching systems is provided. The process involves the use of a hydrogen peroxide and a hydrophobic bleach activator or a hydrophobic peracid. The use of a hydrophobic bleaching agent provides superior whiteness at the low temperatures of cold batch treatment. In addition, the use of the present invention allows for a significant reduction in the amount of time needed to achieve satisfactory bleaching. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the hydrophobic bleaching agent of the present invention provide better absorbency on the fabrics and yarns and better "wetting" of the surface of the fibers than conventional peroxide bleaching techniques or hydrophilic activators. Hydrophobic bleach activators form the active bleaching species, peracid, on the surface of the fabric allowing a longer time on the surface of the fabric. Hydrophilic activators meanwhile form peracid in solution and must then undergo a fabric solution interaction which is less efficient. As a result, the hydrophobic bleaching agents of the present invention provide superior bleaching and whiteness while minimizing fiber damage and strength reduction. According to a first embodiment of the present invention, a method for the cold batch bleaching of non-finished textile components is provided. The method comprises the steps of providing a non-finished textile component such as a fiber, yarn or fabric, saturating the textile component with an aqueous bleaching solution comprising hydrogen peroxide and a hydrophobic bleaching agent such as a hydrophobic activator or a pre-formed hydrophobic peracid, and allowing the bleaching solution to remain in contact with the textile component at a temperature of less than about 35° C for a period of time of from about 1 to about 16 hours, more preferably from about 2 Preferably, the bleaching solution comprises hydrogen peroxide and a hydrophobic bleach activator which is selected from the group consisting of: a) a bleach activator of the general formula. (Formula Removed) wherein R is an alkyl group having from about 5 to about 17, preferably from about 7 to about 11. carbon atoms and L is a leaving group; b) a bleach activator of the general formula: (Formula Removed) or mixtures thereof, wherein R is an alkyl, aryl. or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to about 2 14 carbon atoms, R is an alkylene, arylene or alkarylene group containing from about 1 to about 14 carbon atoms, R" is H or an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and L is a leaving group; c) a benzoxazin-type bleach activator of the formula: (Formula Removed) wherein R1 is H. alkyl, alkaryl, aryi, arylalkyl, and wherein R2 R3, R4, and R5 may be the same or different substituents selected from H. halogen, alkyl, alkcnyl, aryl, hydroxy!, alkoxyl, amino, alkylamino, -COOR.. wherein R6 is H or an alkyl group and carbonyl functions; d) a N-acyl caprolactam bleach activator of the formula: (Formula Removed) wherein R is H or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl, or alkaryl group containing from 1 to 12 carbons: and e) mixtures of a, b, c and d with the alkanoyloxybenzenesulfonates of the formula: (Formula Removed) wherein R1 is an alkyl group having from about 7 to 11 carbon atoms and M is a suitable cation being the most preferred hydrophobic activators. hi optional embodiments, the bleaching solution further includes an ingredient selected from the group of wetting agents, chelating agents, stabilizing agents, desizing agents, scouring agents, detergents and mixtures thereof. Preferred ranges of peroxide and activator are from about 1 g/L to about 50 g/L hydrogen peroxide with a molar ratio of hydrophobic bleach activator to hydrogen peroxide of from about 1.1 to 1 50. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for the cold batch bleaching of textile components such as fibers, yams and fabrics which provides superior whiteness at much shorter reaction times than conventional processing. Tliese, and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and the appended claims. All percentages, ratios and proportions herein arc on a 100% weight basis unless otherwise indicated. All documents cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments According to the present invention, a superior cold batch textile treatment process for libers, yams and fabrics, both knitted and woven, is provided. The present invention provides a cost effective and superior performing alternative to the conventional cold batch processing. The present invention involves the use of a hydrophobic bleaching agent such as an activator or peractd in conjunction with peroxide for the bleaching of non-finished textile components. These hydrophobic bleaching species provide superior results in the context of textile wliiteness and in fabric, strength retention. While conventional cold batch textile bleaching require reaction times in excessive of 16 hours and more typically around 20-24 hours and in many cases are still unable to achieve satisfactory whiteness values of more than 70 on the CTE whiteness index, the method of the present invention requires reaction times of 16 hours or less and more preferably of 12 hours or less and in preferred embodiments arc able to provide whiteness values of more than 70. The present invention involves the use of an aqueous bleaching solution of hydrogen peroxide and a hydrophobic bleaching species such as a hydrophobic activator or a pre-formed hydrophobic peracid. The hydrogen peroxide or pre-formed peracid is present in the bleaching solution of the present invention at levels of from about 1 to about 50 g/L, more preferably from about 5 to about 40 g/L and most preferably from about 10 to about 25 g/L. The hydrophobic activator is then employed at molar ratios of activator to peroxide of from about 1:1 to about 1:50, more preferably from about T2 to about 130 and even more preferably from about 1:3 to about 1:15. Particularly useful and preferred is the combination of hydrogen peroxide and hydrophobic bleach activators, and in particular the alkanoyloxy class of bleach activators having the general formula: (Formula Removed) wherein R is an alkyl chain having from about 5 to about 17, preferably from about 7 to about 11 carbon atoms and L can be essentially any suitable leaving group. A leaving group is any group that is displaced from the bleaching activator as a consequence of the nucleophilic attack on the bleach activator by the perhydroxide anion. This, the perhydrolysis reaction, results in the formation of the peroxycarboxylic acid. Generally, for a group to be a suitable leaving group it must exert an electron attracting effect. It should also form a stable entity so that the rate of the back reaction is negligible. This facilitates the nucleophilic attack by the perhydroxide anion The L group must be sufficiently reactive for the reaction to occur within the optimum time frame (e.g., a wash cycle). However, if L is too reactive, this activator will be difficult to stabilize for use in a bleaching composition. These characteristics are generally paralleled by the pKa of the conjugate acid of the leaving group, although exceptions to this convention are known. Ordinarily, leaving groups that exhibit such behavior arc those in which their conjugate acid has a pKa in the range of from about 4 to about 13, preferably from about 6 to about ] 1 and most preferably from about 8 to about 11 For the purposes of the present invention, L is selected from the group consisting of: (Formula Removed) and mixtures thereof, wherein R is an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about. 1 to (Formula Removed) about 14 carbon atoms, R is an alkyl chain containing from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, R is H or R", and Y is H or a solubilizing group. The preferred solubilizing groups are -SO3~M , -CO2~M . -SO4-M , -N+ ("R3 )4X and 0 containing from about 1 to aboui 4 carbon atoms, M is a cation which provides solubility to the bleach activator and X is an anion which provides solubility to the bleach activator. Preferably, M is an alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium cation, with sodium and potassium being most preferred, and X is a halide, hydroxide, methylsulfate or acetate anion. It. should be noted that bleach activators with a leaving group that does not contain a solubilizing groups should be well dispersed in the bleaching solution in order to assist in their dissolution. Preferred bleach activators arc those of the above general formula wherein L is selected from the group consisting of: (Formula Removed) wherein R~ is as defined above and Y is -SO-ZM or -CO„"M"r wherein M is as defined above. Most preferred among the bleach activators of use in the present invention, are alkanovloxvbenzenesulfonates of the formula: (Formula Removed) wherein R1 contains from about 7 to about 12, preferably from about 8 to about 11, carbon atoms and M is a suitable cation, such as an alkali metal, ammonium, or substituted ammonium cation, with sodium and potassium being most preferred. Highly preferred hydrophobic alkanoyloxybcnzenesuifonates arc selected from the group consisting of nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonatc, 3,5,5-trimethylb.exanoyloxybenzene-sulfonatc, 2-ethylhexanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, octanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, decanoyl-oxybcnzenesulfonate, dodecanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, and mixtures thereof. Alternatively, amido derived bleach activators may be employed in the present invention. These activators are amide substituted compounds of the general formulas: (Formula Removed) or mixtures thereof, wherein R is an alkyl. aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to 2 about 14 carbon atoms, R is an alkylene, arylene or alkarylcnc group containing from about 1 to about 14 carbon atoms. R is H or an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms and L is a leaving group as defined above. Preferred bleach activators are those of the above, general formula are wherein R is an 2 alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms: R contains from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and R1 is H or methyl. Particularly preferred bleach activators are those of the above general formulas wherein R is an alkyl group containing from about 7 to about 10 carbon atoms and R*" contains from about 4 to about 5 carbon atoms and wherein L is selected from the group consisting of: (Formula Removed) wherein R~ is as defined above and Y is -SO3 M or -CO2 M' wherein M is as defined above. Another important class of bleach activators provide organic peracids as described herein by ring-opening as a consequence of the nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon of the cyclic ring by the perhydroxide anion For instance, this ring-opening reaction in caprolactam activators involves attack at the caprolactam ring carbonyl by hydrogen peroxide or its anion. Since attack of an acyl caprolactam by hydrogen peroxide or its anion occurs preferably at the cxocyclic carbonyl, obtaining a significant fraction of ring-opening may require a catalyst. Another example of ring-opening bleach activators can be found in the benzoxazin type activators. Such activator compounds of the benzoxazin-typc, have the formula: (Formula Removed) including the substituted benzoxazins of the type (Formula Removed) wherein R. is H, alkyl, alkaryl, aryl, arylaikyl, and wherein R2, R3, R4. and R5 may be the same or different substitucnts selected from H, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl hydroxyl, alkoxyl, amino, alkyl amino, COOR6 (wherein R6 is II or an alkyl group) and carbonyl functions. A preferred activator of the benzoxazin-type is: (Formula Removed) When the activators arc used, optimum surface bleaching performance is obtained with washing solutions wherein the pH of such solution is between about 8.5 and 10.5 and preferably between 9.5 and 10.5 in order to facilitate the perhydrolysis reaction N-acyl caprolactam bleach activators may be employed in the present invention. These activators have the formula. (Formula Removed) wherein R is H or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl, or alkaryl group containing from I to 12 carbons. Caprolactam activators wherein the R moiety contains at least about 6, preferably from 6 to about 12, carbon atoms provide hydrophobic bleaching which affords nuclcophilic and body soil clcau-up, as noted above. Highly preferred liydrophobic N-acyl caprolactams are selected from the group consisting of benzoyl caprolactam. octanoyl caprolactam, nonanoyl caprolactam, decanoyl caprolactam, undecenoyl caprolactam, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl caprolactam, and mixtures thereof. Alternatively, a pre-fbrmed peracid may be employed in lieu of the peroxide and activator. The pre-formed liydrophobic peracid are preferably selected from the group consisting of percarboxyhc acids and salts, percarbonic acids and salts, perimidic acids and salts, peroxymonosulfuric acids and salts, and mixtures thereof, examples of which are described in U S. Patent No. 5,576,282 to Miracle ct al. One class of suitable organic peroxycarboxylic acids have the general formula: (Formula Removed) wherein R is an alkylcnc or substituted alkylenc group containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms or a phenylene or substituted phenylene group, and Y is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, aryl, -C(O)OH or -C(O)OOH. Organic peroxyacids suitable for use in the present invention can contain either one or two pcroxy groups and can be cither aliphatic or aromatic. When the organic peroxycarboxylic acid is aliphatic, the unsubstituted peracid has the general formula: (Formula Removed) where Y can be, for example, H, CH3, CH2Cl, C(O)OH, or C(O)OOH; and n is an integer from 0 to 20. When the organic pcroxycarboxylic acid is aromatic, the unsubstituted pcracid has the general formula: (Formula Removed) wherein Y can be, for example, hydrogen, alkyl. alkylhalogen, halogen, C(O)OH or C(O)OOH. Typical monoperoxy acids useful herein include alkyl and aryl peroxyacids such as: (i) peroxybenzoic acid and ring-substituted peroxybenzoic acid, eg. peroxy-a- naphthoic acid, monoperoxyphthalic acid (magnesium salt hexahydrate), and o- carboxybcnzamidoperoxyhcxanoic acid (sodium salt); (ii) aliphatic, substituted aliphatic and arylalkyl monoperoxy acids, e.g. peroxylauric acid, pcroxystearic acid, N-nonanoylammoperoxycaproic acid (NAPCA), M,N-(3- octylsuccino}'l)aminoperoxycaproic acid (SAPA) and N,N-phthaloylaminoperoxycaproic acid (PAP); (iii) amidoperoxyacids, e.g. monononylamide of either peroxysuccinic acid (NAPSA) or of peroxyadipic acid (NAPAA) Typical dipcroxyacids useful herein include alkyl diperoxyacids and aryldiperoxyacids, such as: (i v) 1,12 -diperoxydodecanedioic acid; (v) 1,9-diperoxyazelaicacid; (vi) diperoxybrassylic acid; diperoxysebacic acid and diperoxyisophthalic acid; (viij 2-dccyldiperoxybutane-l,4-dioic acid; (viii) 4.4'-sulfonylbispcroxybenzoic acid. Such bleaching agents are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,483,781, Hartman, issued November . 20, 1984, U.S. Patent 4,634,551 to Burns et al., European Patent Application 0,133,354, Banks et al. published February 20, 1985, and U.S. Patent 4,412,934, Chung ct al. issued November 1, 1983. Sources also include 6-nonylamino-6-oxoperoxycaproic acid as fully described in U.S. Patent 4,634,551, issued January 6, 1987 to Burns ei al. Persulfate compounds such as for example OXONE, manufactured commercially by E.l. DuPont de Nemours of Wilmington, DE can ahu be employed as a suitable source of pcroxymonosulfuric acid. The bleaching solutions of the present invention may also include various adjunct ingredients. Such ingredients include sequestering or chelating agents, wetting agents, pH control agents, bleach catalysts, stabilizing agents, detergents and mixtures thereof. Wetting agents aie typically selected from surfactants and in particular nonionic surfactants. When employed wetting agents are typically included at levels of from about 0 1 to about 20 g/L, more preferably from about 0.5 to about 20 g/L. and more preferably 0.5 to about 10 g/L of the bath. Stabilizing agents are employed for a variety of reasons including buffering capacity, sequestering, dispersing and in addition enhancing the performance of the surfactants Stabilizing agents arc well known with both inorganic or organic species being well known and silicates and organophosphates gaining the broadest acceptance and when present are employed at levels of from about 0 to about 30 g/L, more preferably from about 0.1 to about 20 g/L and most preferably from about 0.1 to about 10 g/L of the bath. In preferred optional embodiments of the present invention, sodium hydroxide is included in the bleaching solution at levels of from about 1 to about 50 g/L, more preferably from about 5 to about 40 g/L and most preferably at levels of from about 10 to about 30 g/L. Chelating agents may also be employed and in many cases are preferred and can be selected from the group consisting of amino carboxylates, amino phosphonates, polyfunctionally-substitutcd aromatic chelating agents and mixtures therein, all as hereinafter defined. Amino carboxylates useful as optional chelating agents include ediylenediaminetetrace-tates, N-hydroxyethylethylenediaininetriacetates, nitrilotriacetates, ethylencdianune tetrapro-prionatcs, triethylenetetraaminehexacetates. phosphonates to not contain alkyl or alkenyl groups with more than about 6 carbon atoms. Polyfunctionally-substituted aromatic chelating agents are also useful in the compositions herein. See U.S. Patent 3,812,044, issued May 21, 1974, to Connor et al. Preferred compounds of this type in acid form are dihydroxydisulfobcnzencs such as 1.2-dihydroxy-3,5-disulfobenzenedicthylcnetriaminepcntaacetates. and ethanoldiglycincs, alkali metal, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts therein and mixtures therein. Amino phosphonates are also suitable for use as chelating agents in the compositions of the invention when at least low levels of total phosphorus are permitted. A preferred biodegradable chelator for use herein is ethylencdiamine disuccmate ("EDDS"). especially the [S,S] isomer as described in U S Patent 4,704,233, November 3, 1987. to Hartman and Perkins When present, chelating agents arc employed at levels of from about 0.01 to about JO g/L, more preferably from about 0.1 to about 10 g/'L, and most preferably from about 0.2 to about 5 g-'L Bleach catalysts may also be employed in the bleaching solutions of the present invention. One type of metal-containing bleach catalyst is a catalyst system comprising a transition metal cation of defined bleach catalytic activity, such as copper, iron, titanium, ruthenium tungsten, molybdenum, or manganese cations, an auxiliary metal cation having little or no bleach catalytic activity, such as zinc or aluminum cations, and a sequestrate having defined stability constants for the catalytic and auxiliary metal cations, particularly ethylencdiaminetetraacctic acid, ethylenediammetetra (methylenephosphonic acid) and water-soluble salts thereof. Such catalysts are disclosed in U.S. Pat. 4,430,243. Other types of bleach catalysts include the manganese-based complexes disclosed in U.S. Pat. 5,246,621 and U.S. Pat 5,244,594. Preferred examples of theses catalysts include Mn^C11- 0)3(1,4,7-tnmethy1-J>4,7-t.riazacyclononane)2-(Pr?6h ("MnTACN"), MnfII2(u-0)i(u- OAc)2(l,4,7-trimethyI-l,4,7-triazacyclononane)2-(C104)2, Mnrv4(u-0)6(1,4,7- triazacyclononane)4-(C104)2, MnIIIiMn1V4(u-0)i(u-OAc)2(l,4,7-trimetliyl-l,4,7- triazacyclononane)2-(C104)3;, and mixtures thereof. Sec also European patent application publication no. 549,272. Other ligands suitable for use herein include l,5,9~trimetbyi-l,5,9-triazacyclododecane, 2-methyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, 2-methyl-l,4,7-tnazacyclononane, and mixtures thereof. For examples of other suitable bleach catalysts herein see U.S. Pat. 4,246,612, U S. Pat. 5,227,084 and WO 95/34628, December 21., 1995, the latter relating to particular types of iron catalyst. See also U.S. Pat. 5,194,416 which teaches mononuclear manganese (IV) complexes such as Mn( 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane(OCH3)3_(PFg). Still another type of bleach catalyst, as disclosed in U.S. Pat 5,114.606. is a water-soluble complex of manganese (II), (III), and/or (TV) with a ligand which is a non-carboxylatc polyhydroxy compound having at least three consecutive C-OH groups. Preferred ligands include sorbitol, iditol, dulsitol, mamiitol, xylitol. arabitol, adonitol, meso-erythxitol, meso-inosrtol, lactose, and mixtures thereof. U.S. Pat. 5,114,611 teaches another useful bleach catalyst comprising a complex of transition metals, including Mn, Co. Fe. or Cu, with an non-(macro)-cychc ligand Preferred ligands include pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, imidazole, pyrazole, and triazole rings. Optionally, said rings may be substituted with substitucnts such as alkyl, aryi, alkoxy. haiide, and nitro. Particularly preferred is the ligand 2,2'-bispyndylamine. Preferred bleach catalysts include Co-, Cu-; Mn-, or Fe- bispyridylmethane and' bispyndylamine complexes. Highly preferred catalysts include Co(2,2'-bispyridylarniiie)Cl2, Di(isothiocyanato)bispyndylamine-cobalt (11), trisdipyridylaminc-cobalt(ll) pcrcliloratc, Co(2.2-bispyridylamine)2O2CIO4, Bis-(2,2'-bispyridylamine) copper(II) pcrchlorate, tns(di-2-pyridylamine) iron(II) pcrchlorate, and mixtures thereof. Other bleach catalyst examples include Mn gluconate, Mn(CF3SO3)2, Co(NH3)5Cl, and the binuclear Mn complexed with tetra-N-dentate and bi-N-dcntatc ligands, including N4MnIII(u-O)2MnIVN4)+and [Bipy2MnIII(u-O)2MnIVbipy2]-(CIO4)3. Particularly preferred manganese catalyst for use herein are those which are fully disclosed in WO 98/23249, WO 98/39098, WO 98/39406 and WO 98/39405, the disclosures of wlvich, are. herein incorporated by reference Other bleach catalysts are described, for example, in European patent application, publication no. 408,131 (cobalt complex catalysts). European patent applications, publication nos. 384,503, and 306,089 (metallo-porphyrin catalysts), U.S. 4,728,455 (manganese/multidentate ligand catalyst). U.S. 4,711,748 and European patent application, publication no. 224,952, (absorbed manganese on aluminosilicatc catalyst), U.S. 4,601.845 (aluminosilicatc support with manganese and zinc or magnesium salt), U.S 4.626.373 (manganese/ligand catalyst), U.S. 4,119,557 (ferric complex catalyst), German Pat. specification 2,054,019 (cobalt chelant catalyst) Canadian 866,191 (transition metal-containing salts), U.S. 4.430,243 (chelants with manganese cations and non-catalytic metal cations), and U.S. 4,728,455 (manganese gluconate catalysts). Preferred are cobalt (III) catalysts having the formula: Co[(NH3)nM'mB'bT[QqPp]Yy wherein cobalt is in the +3 oxidation state; n is an integer from 0 to 5 (preferably 4 or 5; most preferably 5); M' represents a monodentatc ligand: m is an integer from 0 to 5 ("preferably 1 or 2: most preferably 1), B' represents a bidentate ligand; b is an integer from 0 to 2; T' represents a tridentate ligand; t is 0 or 1; Q is a tetradentate ligand; q is 0 or 1; P is a pentadentate ligand; p is 0 or 1; and n + m + 2b + 3t + 4q + 5p = 6; Y is one or more appropriately selected countcranions present in a number y, where y is an integer from I to 3 (preferably 2 to 3; most preferably 2 when Y is a -1 charged anion), to obtain a charge-balanced salt, preferred Y are selected from the group consisting of chloride, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, citrate, acetate, carbonate, and combinations thereof; and wherein further at least one of the coordination sites attached to the cobalt is labile under automatic dishwashing use conditions and the remaining coordination sites stabilize the cobalt under automatic dishwashing conditions such that the reduction potential for cobalt (III) to cobalt (II) under alkaline conditions ts less than about 0.4 volts (preferably less than about 0 2 volts) versus a normal hydrogen electrode. Some preferred catalysts arc the chloride salts having die formula [Co(NH3)5Cl] Yy, and especially [Co(NH?)5CI]Cl2. More preferred are the present invention compositions which utilize cobalt (III) bleach catalysts having the formula: LCo(NH3)n(M)m(B)bJTy wherein cobalt is in the +3 oxidation state; n is 4 or 5 (preferably 5); M is one or more ligands coordinated to the cobalt by one site; m is 0. 1 or 2 (preferably 1); B is a ligand coordinated to the cobalt by two sites; b is 0 or 1 (preferably 0), and when b=0, then m+n = 6, and when b=1, then m=0 and n=4; and T is one or more appropriately selected counteranions present in a number y. where y is an integer to obtain a charge-balanced salt (preferably y is 1 to 3; most preferably 2 when T is a -1 charged anion); and wherein furdier said catalyst has a base hydrolysis rate constant of less than 0.23 M-1 s-1 (25°C). These materials are more fully disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,559,261. 5,597.936, 5,705,464, 5,703,030 and 5,962,386 the disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference. As a practical matter, and not by way of limitation, the solutions herein can be adjusted to provide on the order of at least one part per hundred million of the active bleach catalyst species in the aqueous medium, and will preferably provide from about 0 01 ppm to about 25 ppm. more preferably from about 0.05 ppm to about 10 ppm, and most preferably from about 0.1 ppm to about 5 ppm, of the bleach catalyst species in the liquor. Also useful herein are any of the known organic bleach catalysts, ox3'gen transfer agents or precursors therefor. These include the compounds themselves and/or their precursors, for example any suitable ketone for production of dioxiranes and/or any of the hetero-alom containing analogs of dioxirane precuisors or dioxiranes, such as sulfonimines R1R2C=NSO2R3, see EP 446 982 A, published 1991 and snlfonyloxaziridines, for example: (Formula Removed) see EP 446,981 A, published 1991. Preferred examples of such materials include hydrophilic or hydrophobic ketones, used especially in conjunction with monoperoxysulfates to produce dioxiranes in situ, and/or the imines described in U.S. 5,576,282 and references described therein. Oxygen bleaches preferably used in conjunction with such oxygen transfer agents or precursors include percarboxylic acids and salts, peicarbonic acids and salts, peroxymonosulfuric acid and salts, and mixtures thereof. Sec also U.S. 5.360,568; U S. 5,360,569; and U.S. 5.370,826 In a highly preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a detergent composition which incorporates a transition-metal bleach catalyst in accordance with the invention, and organic bleach catalyst such as one named hereinabove. The method of the present invention involves providing a non-finished textile component into the bleaching solution as described. The textile component may comprise fibers, yams and fabrics including wovens, nonwovens and knits By non-finished, it is intended that the textile component be a material that has not been dyed, printed, or otherwise provided a finishing step such as durable press finish. Of course, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the textile component of the present, invention are those that have not been passed through a garment or other manufacturing process involving cutting and sewing of the material. The cold batch process of the present invention involves pumping the bleaching solution of the present invention into a padding trough and passing a textile component such as a fabric through the trough to saturate the fabric with the bleaching solution. Padding temperatures range from 10 to about 90° C with about 10 to about 50° C being more preferred and from about 20 to about 40° C being most preferred. While fabric pick up of the bleaching solution varies by fabric, typical wet pick up of bleach solution on the fabric ranges from about 50% to about 200% on weight of the fabric, more preferably from about 50% to about 150% and most preferably from about 70% to about 130% by weight on fabric. Once saturated, the fabric is rolled on a beam, wrapped and treated on a frame for the desired period of time at room remperaturc. Preferred frames include a rotating A frame and fabric rolls are rotated at specified times to ensure even distribution of the bleaching solution. Rotation times typically are from about 2 to about 8 hours. Following the requisite treatment time, the treated textile is washed to remove the bleaching solution. One of ordinary skill in the art will of course recognize that conventional cold batch processing equipment may be employed in the method of the present invention. The present process may be employed with most any natural material including cellulosics such as cotton, linen and regenerated cellulosics such as rayon and iyoceli. Both 100% natural fibers, yams and fabrics may be employed or blends with synthetic materials may be employed as well. For the purposes of the present invention, natural fibers may include cellulosics as described herein, wools both pure and blends, silks, hemp, flax and jute. The method of the present invention may include the further steps of singeing, de-sizing, scouring, and morcenzation in conjunction with the bleaching step. These steps may be performed in various combinations and orders and one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that varying combinations are possible. The de-sizing step of the present invention involves the removal of sizing agents such as starch and polyvmyl alcohol added to yarns before weaving of fabrics. The de-sizing step involves the use of an aqueous solution of amylase enzymes and typically wetting agents and salts and soaking or contacting the fabrics with the enzymatic solution of a time sufficient to remove the sizing agents. The scouring step of the present invention involves the removal of natural or synthetic impurities from the textiles such as waxes and oils. The scouring step involves the use of an aqueous alkaline bath, typically sodium hydroxide at elevated temperatures. Optional ingredients in the alkaline bath include wetting agents and chelating agents. The mercerization step of the present invention involves the application of high concentrations of alkali such as sodium hydroxide in conjunction with stretching and pulling of the textiles to restore fiber strengtli and improve luster while singeing involves passing the textiles over an open flame to remove loose fibers or strands. De-sizing, scouring, mercerization and singeing arc well known to one of ordinary skill in the art and will be well recognized and within the level of skill of the artisan. Of course the process of the present invention includes in the preferred applications a washing step or series of washing steps following the method of the present invention. Washing of treated textiles is well known and within the level of skill of the artisan. Washing stages will be typically present after each of the de-sizing, scouring and. mercerization steps when present, as well as after the bleaching step of the present invention. Washing of treated textiles of the present invention may be performed in known washing equipment such as a jet washing machine. Wasliing typically involves multiple washings at elevated temperatures followed by step-wise reduction of ihe temperatures and times across the stages, eg. approx 80° C for 10 minutes to approx. 70° C for 10 minutes to approx. 28° C for 3 minutes to approx. 70° C for 5 minutes. In addition, various additives such as chelants and acidic reagents may be added to the rinse solutions if desired. Lastly, tlve bleaching, de-sizing scouring or mercerization steps when present may in preferred embodiments include a wet-out or prc-wctting step to ensure even or uniform wettness in the textile component. For purposes of the present invention, fiber degradation or damage is based on fluidity as measured via AATCC test method 82-1996 involving the dispersion of the fibers in cupricthylcne diamine (CP). An increase in fluidity between treated fibers and non-treated fibers represents an increase in the amount of fiber damage. Tlve method employed is outlined as follows. A representative sample of fibers of about 1.5 nun is cut and dissolved in CP as defined by the equation CP=120 x sample weight x 0.98 in a specimen bottle with several glass balls, placed under nitrogen. The bottle is shaken for approximately 2 hours Additional CP is added as defined by the equation CP=80 x sample weight x 0.98 followed by additional shaking under nitrogen for three hours. Following dissolution, the solution is placed under constant stirring to prevent separation of the dispersion. The solution is then measured in a calibrated Oswald Canon Fcnskc viscometer in a constant temperature bath of 25° C to determine the efflux time. Efflux time is determined by drawing the fluid to a mark between 2 bulbs and measuring the lime required for the meniscus to pass from the mark between the bulbs to the mark below the lower bulb. The average of two times is used. Fluidity is then calculated from the formula F=l 00/ctd, where c = viscometer constant, t = efflux time and d = density of the solution 1.052. The following non-limiting examples further illustrate the present invention. EXAMPLE 1 A process for the cold batch bleaching woven fabrics according to the present invention may be conducted in the following manner. The bleaching bath was prepared by adding die chemicals as outlined in Table I below to tap water. The addition sequence was as follows: Water-Wetting agent - Chelating agent - Activator - H2O2 - NaOH The fabric was a unde-sized and unscoured grage plain weave (400R). The original fabric whiteness was 21.74 on the CIE scale. The bleaching bath was pumped into a padding trough and keep at a constant near full level throughout the padding The fabric was passed through at a padding speed of 30 m/min at approx. 24° C, rolled up on beam and sealed in plastic sheating. The fabric was then rotated on an A-frame at room temperature for the specified reaction time then rinsed thoroughly in a jet washing machine. The fabric was dried and conditioned under 70° F and 65% relative humidity for wetting and whiteness measurements Miniscan XE Plus made by HunterLab was used to measure CIE Whiteness Index. An lnstron was used to evaluate the tensile strength by following the method ASTM D 5035. Fluidity was measured by AATCC Tost Method 82. TABLE I (Table Removed) 1 nonanoyloxybenezene sulfonate, sodium salt, NOBS. 2 Prestogen K from BASF in stock active level. 3 Neophen NAM from BASF in stock active level. 4 ammo phosponate mixture in stock active level. 3 Kierlon Jet B from BASF in stock active level. EXAMPLE IT A process for the cold batch bleaching of knitted fabrics according to the present invention may be conducted in trie following manner The bleaching bath was prepared by adding the chemicals as outlined in Table 11 below to tap water. The addition sequence was as follows: Water-Wetting agenc - Chelating agent - Activator - H202 - NaOH. The fabric was 40 pounds of a unde-sized and unscoured 24 cut, 40 single interlocking greige fabric. The original fabric whiteness was 14.31 on the CIE scale. The bleaching bath was pumped into a padding trough and keep at a constant near full level throughout the padding. The fabric was passed through at a padding speed of 30 yards/min at approx. 24 °C, rolled up on beam and sealed m plastic sheating The fabric was then storage at room temperature for the specified reaction time then rinsed thoroughly in a jet washing machine. The fabric was dried and conditioned under 70 CF and 65% relative humidity for wetting and whiteness measurements. Miniscan XE Plus made by HunterLab was used to measure CIE Whiteness Index. TABLE IT (Table Removed) 1 nonanoyloxybenezene sulfonate, sodium salt, NOBS. 3.Prestogen K from BASF in stock active level. ? Ncophen NAM from BASF in stock active level. 4 amino phosponatc mixture in stock active level. 5 Kicrlon Jet B from BASF in stock active level. We claim: 1. A method for the cold batch preparation of a non finished textile material and/or improve the wettability loss thereof which comprises saturating a textile material with a aqueous bleaching solution comprising hydrogen peroxide from 10 to 50 g/L of sodium hydroxide, and a hydrophobic bleaching agent of the kind such herein described, and allowing said bleaching solution to remain in contact with said textile material for a period of time between 1 and 16 hours at a temperature of less than about 35°C 2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said hydrophobic bleaching agent is a hydrophobic bleach activator or a hydrophobic pre-formed activator or peracid. 3. A method as claimed in clainu or 2 wherein said bleaching solution comprises hydrogen peroxide and hydrophobic bleach activator selected from the group consisting of: (a) a bleach activator of the general formula: (Formula Removed) wherein R is an alkyl chain having from 5 to 17 carbon atoms and L is a leaving group; (b) a bleach activator of the general formula: (Formula Removed) or mixtures thereof, wherein R!is an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to 14 carbon atoms, R2 is a alkylene, arylene or alkarylene group containing from about 1 to 14 carbon atoms, R5 is H or alkyl, aryl or alakaryl group containing from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and L is a leaving group; (c) a benzoxazin-type bleach activator of the formula (Formula Removed) wherein R1 is H, or alkyl, alkaryl, aryl, or arylalkyl, and wherein R2, R3, R4 and R5 may be the same or different substituents selected from H, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, hydroxyl, alkoxyl, amino, alkylamino, -COO R6, wherein R6 is H or an alkyl group and carbonyl functions; (d) a N-acyl caprolactam bleach activator of the formula: (Formula Removed) where R6 is H or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl, or alkaryl group containing from 1 to 12 carbons; and (e) mixtures of a, b, c and d. 4. A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein said hydrophobic bleach activator is a bleach activator of the general formula: (Formula Removed) wherein R is an alkyl chain having from 7 to 12 carbon atoms and L is a leaving group the conjugate acid of which ha a pKa from about 4 to 13. 5. A method as claimed in claim 4 wherein said bleach activator is an alkanoyloxybenzenesulfonates of the formula: (Formula Removed) wherein Riis an alkyl group having from about 7 to 11 carbon atoms and M is a suitable cation. 6. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the bleaching solution.has an ingredient selected from the group consisting of wetting agents, chelating agents, stabilizing agents, desizing agents, scouring agents and mixtures thereof. 7. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein said chelating agent is a amino phophonate chelating agent. 8. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein said chelating agent is present in an amount of from 0.01 to l0g/L. 9. A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein the molar ratio of the hydrophobic bleach activator to hydrogen peroxide in said bleaching solution ranges from 1: 1 to 1: 50. 10. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said non-finished textile material is selected from the group consisting of cotton, linen, jute, wool, silk, rayon, lyocell and combinations thereof. 11. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said textile material is kept in contact with said bleaching solution for a period of from 2 to 8 hours.

Full Text

A METHOD FOR THE COLD BATCH PREPARATION OF A NON- FINISHED TEXTILE COMPONENT BY THE USE OF HYDROPHOBIC BLEACHING SYSTEMS.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the cold batch preparation of a non-finished textile component by the use of hydrophobic bleaching systems and, more particularly, to the use of activated peroxide bleaching via hydrophobic activators.
Background of the Invention
In the textile processing of natural fibers, yarns and fabrics, a pretreatment or x preparation step is typically required to properly prepare the natural materials for further use and in particular for the dyeing and /or finishing stages typically required for commercial goods. These textile treatment steps remove impurities and color bodies, either naturally existing or those added by the spinning and weaving steps to the fibers and/or fabrics.
While textile treatments may include a number of varying treatments and stages, the most common include singeing - the removal of loose or miscellaneous fibers from the surfaces by burning with a flame; de-sizing- the removal of sizing agents, such as starches, via enzymatic soaking, scouring- the removal of greases, oils waxes and fats by contact with a solution of sodium hydroxide at temperatures near boiling; mercerization - the application of high levels of sodium hydroxide in conjunction with stretching and pulling of the fabrics for increased fiber strength.
An additional common pretreatment step involves a bleaching step to destroy naturally occurring color bodies. The bleaching step provides a uniform white appearance for consumer acceptable whites as well as provides a uniform color base for dyeing or printing. Thus, a highly; successful bleaching step is necessary for commercially acceptable consumer fabrics. Traditional textile bleaching of natural fibers has involved the use of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide has gained its wide acceptance due to its flexibility of use being capable in both hot' and rapid or cold and long dwell bleaching processes and due to its environmental friendliness.
While hydrogen peroxide has gained wide spread acceptance in the textile industry, it is not a particularly effective bleaching agent. Hydrogen peroxide, as commercially supplied is an extremely stable compound and as a result has only a slight bleaching effect on natural fibers. To overcome its weak activity, extremely high temperatures and/or extremely long bleaching times are required in commercial processes in addition to activation of the peroxide. That is, temperatures in
excess of 95° C are typically required or reaction times in excess of 20 hours. In addition, activation of the peroxide via the use of alkali, sulfuric acid, uv irradiation, hypochlorite or organic activators is also necessary with alkali being the most preferred. Not only do these drawbacks result in excessive cost associated with commercial textile peroxide bleacliing, but the high temperatures and/or long contact times result in significant fiber damage and strength reduction of the resultant yarns and fabrics.
Organic activators have been attempted in textile bleaching systems to little success. Tetra acetyl ethylene diamine or TAED is a common hydrophilic bleach activator widely accepted in the consumer laundry bleaching applications to provide effective bleaching at lower wash temperatures. TAED has been taught in hydrogen peroxide textile bleaching, and in particular in the bleaching of regenerated cellulosics such as rayon. However, while TAED has allowed lower bleaching temperatures, it has proven to provide little advantage in the liber damage and fiber strength of cellulosics such as rayon. In addition, the poor water solubility of TAED limits its application in textile processing.
Hydrophobic bleach activators, such as nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate, sodium salt (NOBS) have been employed in consumer laundry detergent applications such as Tide® with Bleach to work in conjunction with peroxygen sources to provide activated bleacliing in consumer laundering of garments. Activated bleaching in consumer home laundry conditions allows effective cleaning of certain soils and stains in cold water temperatures. However, the use of hydrophobic systems has been limited m a home consumer laundry environment due to the formation of diacyl peroxides in the wash solution. Diacyl peroxides degrade natural robber components into which they come in contact. Thus, sump hoses, rubber gaskets, etc in laundry machines have prevented explotation of this technology in certain geographies.
The severe conditions employed in the bleaching of textiles have heretofore prevented the successful application of laundry detergent bleaching technology in textile mill applications. Indeed, EP 584,710 discloses the use of activated bleaching in textile mill applications wherein NOBS is briefly disclosed along with a multitude of other classes and types of activators. While NOBS is disclosed, there is no successful application of hydrophobic bleaching technology where acceptable whiteness values are achieved while damage to fabrics and fibers is minimized. Indeed, •EP 584.710 specifics that in order to achieve acceptable whiteness benefits, additional alkali bleaching is necessary which will dramatically increase fiber damage.
Typical peroxide based textile bleaching systems involve the hot batch, continuous or cold batch processing. Hot batch and continuous peroxide bleaching both involve the application of peroxide bleaching solutions at highly elevated temperature (in excess of 95 °C). These elevated temperatures provide acceptable whiteness profiles on the treated fabrics and have a high throughput due to short reaction times, typically 60 minutes or less. However, hot temperature processing, while being very effective, has the significant drawbacks of higher energy and cost due to the extreme temperatures required expensive specialized processing equipment and importantly, increased fiber damage due to the aggressive conditions.
In contrasts to these drawbacks, cold batch processing involves the saturation of a textile with a peroxide based solution followed by a long reaction time (more than 20 hours) at room temperature. While cold batch processing solves the aforementioned problems of fiber damage and elevated cost due to energy and specialized equipment, cold batch brings the significant disadvantages of an inability to achieve acceptable whiteness profiles thereby limiting its usefulness to dyed fabrics rather than white fabrics as well as very low throughput due to the long reaction times necessary.
Accordingly, the need remains for an effective textile treatment process which will provide acceptable whiteness profiles and shorter reaction times in room temperature cold batch bleaching.
Summary of the Invention
Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for the cold batch preparation of a non finished textile component comprising the steps of providing a non-finished textile component, saturating said textile component with an aqueous bleaching solution comprising hydrogen peroxide, 10 to about 50 g/L of sodium hydroxide, and a hydrophobic bleaching agent, and allowing said bleaching solution to remain in contact with said textile component for a period of time between 1 and 16 hours at a temperature of less than 35 °C.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a method for improving the wettability loss of textile components comprising the steps of:
a) providing an incoming non-finished woven fabric;
b) saturating said fabric to an aqueous bleaching solution, said bleaching
solution comprising a mixture of hydrogen peroxide, from 10 to about 50 g/L of
sodium hydroxide and a hydrophobic bleach activator or a 30 pre-formed
hydrophobic activator, holding said bleaching solution to a temperature less than
35 °C. and allowing said bleaching solution to contact said fabric for a period of
time of from about 1 to about 15 hours.
This need is met by the present invention wherein a method for the cold batch treatment of textiles using activated peroxygen bleaching with hydrophobic bleaching systems is provided. The process involves the use of a hydrogen peroxide and a hydrophobic bleach activator or a hydrophobic peracid. The use of a hydrophobic bleaching agent provides superior whiteness at the low temperatures of cold batch treatment. In addition, the use of the present invention allows for a significant reduction in the amount of time needed to achieve satisfactory bleaching.
While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the hydrophobic bleaching agent of the present invention provide better absorbency on the fabrics and yarns and better "wetting" of the surface of the fibers than conventional peroxide bleaching techniques or hydrophilic activators. Hydrophobic bleach activators form the active bleaching species, peracid, on the surface of the fabric allowing a longer time on the surface of the fabric. Hydrophilic activators meanwhile form peracid in solution and must then undergo a fabric solution interaction which is less efficient. As a result, the hydrophobic bleaching agents of the present invention provide superior bleaching and whiteness while minimizing fiber damage and strength reduction.
According to a first embodiment of the present invention, a method for the cold batch bleaching of non-finished textile components is provided. The method comprises the steps of providing a non-finished textile component such as a fiber, yarn or fabric, saturating the textile component with an aqueous bleaching solution comprising hydrogen peroxide and a hydrophobic bleaching agent such as a hydrophobic activator or a pre-formed hydrophobic peracid, and allowing the bleaching solution to remain in contact with the textile component at a temperature of less than about 35° C for a period of time of from about 1 to about 16 hours, more preferably from about 2 Preferably, the bleaching solution comprises hydrogen peroxide and a hydrophobic bleach activator which is selected from the group consisting of:
a) a bleach activator of the general formula.
(Formula Removed)
wherein R is an alkyl group having from about 5 to about 17, preferably from about 7 to about 11.
carbon atoms and L is a leaving group;
b) a bleach activator of the general formula:
(Formula Removed)
or mixtures thereof, wherein R is an alkyl, aryl. or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to about
2 14 carbon atoms, R is an alkylene, arylene or alkarylene group containing from about 1 to about
14 carbon atoms, R" is H or an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to about 10
carbon atoms, and L is a leaving group;
c) a benzoxazin-type bleach activator of the formula:
(Formula Removed)
wherein R1 is H. alkyl, alkaryl, aryi, arylalkyl, and wherein R2 R3, R4, and R5 may be the same or different substituents selected from H. halogen, alkyl, alkcnyl, aryl, hydroxy!, alkoxyl, amino, alkylamino, -COOR.. wherein R6 is H or an alkyl group and carbonyl functions; d) a N-acyl caprolactam bleach activator of the formula:
(Formula Removed)
wherein R is H or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl, or alkaryl group containing from 1 to 12 carbons: and
e) mixtures of a, b, c and d with the alkanoyloxybenzenesulfonates of the formula:
(Formula Removed)
wherein R1 is an alkyl group having from about 7 to 11 carbon atoms and M is a suitable cation being the most preferred hydrophobic activators.
hi optional embodiments, the bleaching solution further includes an ingredient selected from the group of wetting agents, chelating agents, stabilizing agents, desizing agents, scouring agents, detergents and mixtures thereof. Preferred ranges of peroxide and activator are from about 1 g/L to about 50 g/L hydrogen peroxide with a molar ratio of hydrophobic bleach activator to hydrogen peroxide of from about 1.1 to 1 50.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for the cold batch bleaching of textile components such as fibers, yams and fabrics which provides superior whiteness at much shorter reaction times than conventional processing. Tliese, and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and the appended claims.
All percentages, ratios and proportions herein arc on a 100% weight basis unless otherwise indicated. All documents cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments According to the present invention, a superior cold batch textile treatment process for libers, yams and fabrics, both knitted and woven, is provided. The present invention provides a
cost effective and superior performing alternative to the conventional cold batch processing. The present invention involves the use of a hydrophobic bleaching agent such as an activator or peractd in conjunction with peroxide for the bleaching of non-finished textile components. These hydrophobic bleaching species provide superior results in the context of textile wliiteness and in fabric, strength retention. While conventional cold batch textile bleaching require reaction times in excessive of 16 hours and more typically around 20-24 hours and in many cases are still unable to achieve satisfactory whiteness values of more than 70 on the CTE whiteness index, the method of the present invention requires reaction times of 16 hours or less and more preferably of 12 hours or less and in preferred embodiments arc able to provide whiteness values of more than 70.
The present invention involves the use of an aqueous bleaching solution of hydrogen peroxide and a hydrophobic bleaching species such as a hydrophobic activator or a pre-formed hydrophobic peracid. The hydrogen peroxide or pre-formed peracid is present in the bleaching solution of the present invention at levels of from about 1 to about 50 g/L, more preferably from about 5 to about 40 g/L and most preferably from about 10 to about 25 g/L. The hydrophobic activator is then employed at molar ratios of activator to peroxide of from about 1:1 to about 1:50, more preferably from about T2 to about 130 and even more preferably from about 1:3 to about 1:15.
Particularly useful and preferred is the combination of hydrogen peroxide and hydrophobic bleach activators, and in particular the alkanoyloxy class of bleach activators having the general formula:
(Formula Removed)
wherein R is an alkyl chain having from about 5 to about 17, preferably from about 7 to about 11 carbon atoms and L can be essentially any suitable leaving group. A leaving group is any group that is displaced from the bleaching activator as a consequence of the nucleophilic attack on the bleach activator by the perhydroxide anion. This, the perhydrolysis reaction, results in the formation of the peroxycarboxylic acid. Generally, for a group to be a suitable leaving group it must exert an electron attracting effect. It should also form a stable entity so that the rate of the back reaction is negligible. This facilitates the nucleophilic attack by the perhydroxide anion
The L group must be sufficiently reactive for the reaction to occur within the optimum time frame (e.g., a wash cycle). However, if L is too reactive, this activator will be difficult to stabilize for use in a bleaching composition. These characteristics are generally paralleled by the
pKa of the conjugate acid of the leaving group, although exceptions to this convention are known. Ordinarily, leaving groups that exhibit such behavior arc those in which their conjugate acid has a pKa in the range of from about 4 to about 13, preferably from about 6 to about ] 1 and most preferably from about 8 to about 11 For the purposes of the present invention, L is selected from the group consisting of:
(Formula Removed)
and mixtures thereof, wherein R is an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about. 1 to
(Formula Removed)
about 14 carbon atoms, R is an alkyl chain containing from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, R is H
or R", and Y is H or a solubilizing group.
The preferred solubilizing groups are -SO3~M , -CO2~M . -SO4-M , -N+ ("R3 )4X and
0 containing from about 1 to aboui 4 carbon atoms, M is a cation which provides solubility to the
bleach activator and X is an anion which provides solubility to the bleach activator. Preferably,
M is an alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium cation, with sodium and potassium being most preferred, and X is a halide, hydroxide, methylsulfate or acetate anion. It. should be noted that bleach activators with a leaving group that does not contain a solubilizing groups should be well dispersed in the bleaching solution in order to assist in their dissolution.
Preferred bleach activators arc those of the above general formula wherein L is selected from the group consisting of:
(Formula Removed)
wherein R~ is as defined above and Y is -SO-ZM or -CO„"M"r wherein M is as defined above.
Most preferred among the bleach activators of use in the present invention, are alkanovloxvbenzenesulfonates of the formula:
(Formula Removed)
wherein R1 contains from about 7 to about 12, preferably from about 8 to about 11, carbon atoms and M is a suitable cation, such as an alkali metal, ammonium, or substituted ammonium cation, with sodium and potassium being most preferred.
Highly preferred hydrophobic alkanoyloxybcnzenesuifonates arc selected from the group consisting of nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonatc, 3,5,5-trimethylb.exanoyloxybenzene-sulfonatc, 2-ethylhexanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, octanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, decanoyl-oxybcnzenesulfonate, dodecanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, and mixtures thereof.
Alternatively, amido derived bleach activators may be employed in the present invention. These activators are amide substituted compounds of the general formulas:
(Formula Removed)
or mixtures thereof, wherein R is an alkyl. aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to
2 about 14 carbon atoms, R is an alkylene, arylene or alkarylcnc group containing from about 1
to about 14 carbon atoms. R is H or an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to
about 10 carbon atoms and L is a leaving group as defined above.
Preferred bleach activators are those of the above, general formula are wherein R is an
2 alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms: R contains from about 1 to
about 8 carbon atoms, and R1 is H or methyl. Particularly preferred bleach activators are those
of the above general formulas wherein R is an alkyl group containing from about 7 to about 10
carbon atoms and R*" contains from about 4 to about 5 carbon atoms and wherein L is selected
from the group consisting of:
(Formula Removed)
wherein R~ is as defined above and Y is -SO3 M or -CO2 M' wherein M is as defined above.
Another important class of bleach activators provide organic peracids as described herein by ring-opening as a consequence of the nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon of the cyclic ring by the perhydroxide anion For instance, this ring-opening reaction in caprolactam activators involves attack at the caprolactam ring carbonyl by hydrogen peroxide or its anion. Since attack of an acyl caprolactam by hydrogen peroxide or its anion occurs preferably at the cxocyclic carbonyl, obtaining a significant fraction of ring-opening may require a catalyst. Another example of ring-opening bleach activators can be found in the benzoxazin type activators.
Such activator compounds of the benzoxazin-typc, have the formula:
(Formula Removed)
including the substituted benzoxazins of the type
(Formula Removed)
wherein R. is H, alkyl, alkaryl, aryl, arylaikyl, and wherein R2, R3, R4. and R5 may be the same or different substitucnts selected from H, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl hydroxyl, alkoxyl, amino, alkyl amino, COOR6 (wherein R6 is II or an alkyl group) and carbonyl functions. A preferred activator of the benzoxazin-type is:
(Formula Removed)
When the activators arc used, optimum surface bleaching performance is obtained with washing solutions wherein the pH of such solution is between about 8.5 and 10.5 and preferably between 9.5 and 10.5 in order to facilitate the perhydrolysis reaction
N-acyl caprolactam bleach activators may be employed in the present invention. These activators have the formula.
(Formula Removed)
wherein R is H or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl, or alkaryl group containing from I to 12 carbons. Caprolactam activators wherein the R moiety contains at least about 6, preferably from 6 to about 12, carbon atoms provide hydrophobic bleaching which affords nuclcophilic and body soil clcau-up, as noted above.
Highly preferred liydrophobic N-acyl caprolactams are selected from the group consisting of benzoyl caprolactam. octanoyl caprolactam, nonanoyl caprolactam, decanoyl caprolactam, undecenoyl caprolactam, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl caprolactam, and mixtures thereof.
Alternatively, a pre-fbrmed peracid may be employed in lieu of the peroxide and activator. The pre-formed liydrophobic peracid are preferably selected from the group consisting of percarboxyhc acids and salts, percarbonic acids and salts, perimidic acids and salts, peroxymonosulfuric acids and salts, and mixtures thereof, examples of which are described in U S. Patent No. 5,576,282 to Miracle ct al.
One class of suitable organic peroxycarboxylic acids have the general formula:
(Formula Removed)
wherein R is an alkylcnc or substituted alkylenc group containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms or a phenylene or substituted phenylene group, and Y is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, aryl, -C(O)OH or -C(O)OOH.
Organic peroxyacids suitable for use in the present invention can contain either one or two pcroxy groups and can be cither aliphatic or aromatic. When the organic peroxycarboxylic acid is aliphatic, the unsubstituted peracid has the general formula:
(Formula Removed)
where Y can be, for example, H, CH3, CH2Cl, C(O)OH, or C(O)OOH; and n is an integer from 0 to 20. When the organic pcroxycarboxylic acid is aromatic, the unsubstituted pcracid has the general formula:
(Formula Removed)
wherein Y can be, for example, hydrogen, alkyl. alkylhalogen, halogen, C(O)OH or C(O)OOH.
Typical monoperoxy acids useful herein include alkyl and aryl peroxyacids such as:
(i) peroxybenzoic acid and ring-substituted peroxybenzoic acid, eg. peroxy-a-
naphthoic acid, monoperoxyphthalic acid (magnesium salt hexahydrate), and o-
carboxybcnzamidoperoxyhcxanoic acid (sodium salt);
(ii) aliphatic, substituted aliphatic and arylalkyl monoperoxy acids, e.g. peroxylauric
acid, pcroxystearic acid, N-nonanoylammoperoxycaproic acid (NAPCA), M,N-(3-
octylsuccino}'l)aminoperoxycaproic acid (SAPA) and N,N-phthaloylaminoperoxycaproic
acid (PAP);
(iii) amidoperoxyacids, e.g. monononylamide of either peroxysuccinic acid (NAPSA)
or of peroxyadipic acid (NAPAA)
Typical dipcroxyacids useful herein include alkyl diperoxyacids and aryldiperoxyacids, such as:
(i v) 1,12 -diperoxydodecanedioic acid;
(v) 1,9-diperoxyazelaicacid;
(vi) diperoxybrassylic acid; diperoxysebacic acid and diperoxyisophthalic acid;
(viij 2-dccyldiperoxybutane-l,4-dioic acid; (viii) 4.4'-sulfonylbispcroxybenzoic acid.
Such bleaching agents are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,483,781, Hartman, issued November . 20, 1984, U.S. Patent 4,634,551 to Burns et al., European Patent Application 0,133,354, Banks et al. published February 20, 1985, and U.S. Patent 4,412,934, Chung ct al. issued November 1, 1983. Sources also include 6-nonylamino-6-oxoperoxycaproic acid as fully described in U.S. Patent 4,634,551, issued January 6, 1987 to Burns ei al. Persulfate compounds such as for example OXONE, manufactured commercially by E.l. DuPont de Nemours of Wilmington, DE can ahu be employed as a suitable source of pcroxymonosulfuric acid.
The bleaching solutions of the present invention may also include various adjunct ingredients. Such ingredients include sequestering or chelating agents, wetting agents, pH control agents, bleach catalysts, stabilizing agents, detergents and mixtures thereof. Wetting agents aie typically selected from surfactants and in particular nonionic surfactants. When employed wetting agents are typically included at levels of from about 0 1 to about 20 g/L, more preferably from about 0.5 to about 20 g/L. and more preferably 0.5 to about 10 g/L of the bath. Stabilizing agents are employed for a variety of reasons including buffering capacity, sequestering, dispersing and in addition enhancing the performance of the surfactants Stabilizing agents arc well known with both inorganic or organic species being well known and silicates and organophosphates gaining the broadest acceptance and when present are employed at levels of from about 0 to about 30 g/L, more preferably from about 0.1 to about 20 g/L and most preferably from about 0.1 to about 10 g/L of the bath. In preferred optional embodiments of the present invention, sodium hydroxide is included in the bleaching solution at levels of from about 1 to about 50 g/L, more preferably from about 5 to about 40 g/L and most preferably at levels of from about 10 to about 30 g/L.
Chelating agents may also be employed and in many cases are preferred and can be selected from the group consisting of amino carboxylates, amino phosphonates, polyfunctionally-substitutcd aromatic chelating agents and mixtures therein, all as hereinafter defined.
Amino carboxylates useful as optional chelating agents include ediylenediaminetetrace-tates, N-hydroxyethylethylenediaininetriacetates, nitrilotriacetates, ethylencdianune tetrapro-prionatcs, triethylenetetraaminehexacetates. phosphonates to not contain alkyl or alkenyl groups with more than about 6 carbon atoms.
Polyfunctionally-substituted aromatic chelating agents are also useful in the compositions herein. See U.S. Patent 3,812,044, issued May 21, 1974, to Connor et al. Preferred compounds of
this type in acid form are dihydroxydisulfobcnzencs such as 1.2-dihydroxy-3,5-disulfobenzenedicthylcnetriaminepcntaacetates. and ethanoldiglycincs, alkali metal, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts therein and mixtures therein.
Amino phosphonates are also suitable for use as chelating agents in the compositions of the invention when at least low levels of total phosphorus are permitted.
A preferred biodegradable chelator for use herein is ethylencdiamine disuccmate ("EDDS"). especially the [S,S] isomer as described in U S Patent 4,704,233, November 3, 1987. to Hartman and Perkins
When present, chelating agents arc employed at levels of from about 0.01 to about JO g/L, more preferably from about 0.1 to about 10 g/'L, and most preferably from about 0.2 to about 5 g-'L
Bleach catalysts may also be employed in the bleaching solutions of the present invention. One type of metal-containing bleach catalyst is a catalyst system comprising a transition metal cation of defined bleach catalytic activity, such as copper, iron, titanium, ruthenium tungsten, molybdenum, or manganese cations, an auxiliary metal cation having little or no bleach catalytic activity, such as zinc or aluminum cations, and a sequestrate having defined stability constants for the catalytic and auxiliary metal cations, particularly ethylencdiaminetetraacctic acid, ethylenediammetetra (methylenephosphonic acid) and water-soluble salts thereof. Such catalysts are disclosed in U.S. Pat. 4,430,243.
Other types of bleach catalysts include the manganese-based complexes disclosed in U.S.
Pat. 5,246,621 and U.S. Pat 5,244,594. Preferred examples of theses catalysts include Mn^C11-
0)3(1,4,7-tnmethy1-J>4,7-t.riazacyclononane)2-(Pr?6h ("MnTACN"), MnfII2(u-0)i(u-
OAc)2(l,4,7-trimethyI-l,4,7-triazacyclononane)2-(C104)2, Mnrv4(u-0)6(1,4,7-
triazacyclononane)4-(C104)2, MnIIIiMn1V4(u-0)i(u-OAc)2(l,4,7-trimetliyl-l,4,7-
triazacyclononane)2-(C104)3;, and mixtures thereof. Sec also European patent application publication no. 549,272. Other ligands suitable for use herein include l,5,9~trimetbyi-l,5,9-triazacyclododecane, 2-methyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, 2-methyl-l,4,7-tnazacyclononane, and mixtures thereof. For examples of other suitable bleach catalysts herein see U.S. Pat. 4,246,612, U S. Pat. 5,227,084 and WO 95/34628, December 21., 1995, the latter relating to particular types of iron catalyst.
See also U.S. Pat. 5,194,416 which teaches mononuclear manganese (IV) complexes such as Mn( 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane(OCH3)3_(PFg).
Still another type of bleach catalyst, as disclosed in U.S. Pat 5,114.606. is a water-soluble complex of manganese (II), (III), and/or (TV) with a ligand which is a non-carboxylatc polyhydroxy compound having at least three consecutive C-OH groups. Preferred ligands include sorbitol, iditol, dulsitol, mamiitol, xylitol. arabitol, adonitol, meso-erythxitol, meso-inosrtol, lactose, and mixtures thereof.
U.S. Pat. 5,114,611 teaches another useful bleach catalyst comprising a complex of transition metals, including Mn, Co. Fe. or Cu, with an non-(macro)-cychc ligand Preferred ligands include pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, imidazole, pyrazole, and triazole rings. Optionally, said rings may be substituted with substitucnts such as alkyl, aryi, alkoxy. haiide, and nitro. Particularly preferred is the ligand 2,2'-bispyndylamine. Preferred bleach catalysts include Co-, Cu-; Mn-, or Fe- bispyridylmethane and' bispyndylamine complexes. Highly preferred catalysts include Co(2,2'-bispyridylarniiie)Cl2, Di(isothiocyanato)bispyndylamine-cobalt (11), trisdipyridylaminc-cobalt(ll) pcrcliloratc, Co(2.2-bispyridylamine)2O2CIO4, Bis-(2,2'-bispyridylamine) copper(II) pcrchlorate, tns(di-2-pyridylamine) iron(II) pcrchlorate, and mixtures thereof.
Other bleach catalyst examples include Mn gluconate, Mn(CF3SO3)2, Co(NH3)5Cl, and the binuclear Mn complexed with tetra-N-dentate and bi-N-dcntatc ligands, including N4MnIII(u-O)2MnIVN4)+and [Bipy2MnIII(u-O)2MnIVbipy2]-(CIO4)3.
Particularly preferred manganese catalyst for use herein are those which are fully disclosed in WO 98/23249, WO 98/39098, WO 98/39406 and WO 98/39405, the disclosures of wlvich, are. herein incorporated by reference
Other bleach catalysts are described, for example, in European patent application, publication no. 408,131 (cobalt complex catalysts). European patent applications, publication nos. 384,503, and 306,089 (metallo-porphyrin catalysts), U.S. 4,728,455 (manganese/multidentate ligand catalyst). U.S. 4,711,748 and European patent application, publication no. 224,952, (absorbed manganese on aluminosilicatc catalyst), U.S. 4,601.845 (aluminosilicatc support with manganese and zinc or magnesium salt), U.S 4.626.373 (manganese/ligand catalyst), U.S. 4,119,557 (ferric complex catalyst), German Pat. specification 2,054,019 (cobalt chelant catalyst) Canadian 866,191 (transition metal-containing salts), U.S. 4.430,243 (chelants with manganese cations and non-catalytic metal cations), and U.S. 4,728,455 (manganese gluconate catalysts).
Preferred are cobalt (III) catalysts having the formula: Co[(NH3)nM'mB'bT[QqPp]Yy
wherein cobalt is in the +3 oxidation state; n is an integer from 0 to 5 (preferably 4 or 5; most preferably 5); M' represents a monodentatc ligand: m is an integer from 0 to 5 ("preferably 1 or 2: most preferably 1), B' represents a bidentate ligand; b is an integer from 0 to 2; T' represents a tridentate ligand; t is 0 or 1; Q is a tetradentate ligand; q is 0 or 1; P is a pentadentate ligand; p is 0 or 1; and n + m + 2b + 3t + 4q + 5p = 6; Y is one or more appropriately selected countcranions present in a number y, where y is an integer from I to 3 (preferably 2 to 3; most preferably 2 when Y is a -1 charged anion), to obtain a charge-balanced salt, preferred Y are selected from the group consisting of chloride, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, citrate, acetate, carbonate, and combinations thereof; and wherein further at least one of the coordination sites attached to the cobalt is labile under automatic dishwashing use conditions and the remaining coordination sites stabilize the cobalt under automatic dishwashing conditions such that the reduction potential for cobalt (III) to cobalt (II) under alkaline conditions ts less than about 0.4 volts (preferably less than about 0 2 volts) versus a normal hydrogen electrode. Some preferred catalysts arc the chloride salts having die formula [Co(NH3)5Cl] Yy, and especially [Co(NH?)5CI]Cl2.
More preferred are the present invention compositions which utilize cobalt (III) bleach catalysts having the formula:
LCo(NH3)n(M)m(B)bJTy wherein cobalt is in the +3 oxidation state; n is 4 or 5 (preferably 5); M is one or more ligands coordinated to the cobalt by one site; m is 0. 1 or 2 (preferably 1); B is a ligand coordinated to the cobalt by two sites; b is 0 or 1 (preferably 0), and when b=0, then m+n = 6, and when b=1, then m=0 and n=4; and T is one or more appropriately selected counteranions present in a number y. where y is an integer to obtain a charge-balanced salt (preferably y is 1 to 3; most preferably 2 when T is a -1 charged anion); and wherein furdier said catalyst has a base hydrolysis rate constant of less than 0.23 M-1 s-1 (25°C). These materials are more fully disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,559,261. 5,597.936, 5,705,464, 5,703,030 and 5,962,386 the disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference.
As a practical matter, and not by way of limitation, the solutions herein can be adjusted to provide on the order of at least one part per hundred million of the active bleach catalyst species in the aqueous medium, and will preferably provide from about 0 01 ppm to about 25 ppm. more preferably from about 0.05 ppm to about 10 ppm, and most preferably from about 0.1 ppm to about 5 ppm, of the bleach catalyst species in the liquor.
Also useful herein are any of the known organic bleach catalysts, ox3'gen transfer agents or precursors therefor. These include the compounds themselves and/or their precursors, for example any suitable ketone for production of dioxiranes and/or any of the hetero-alom containing analogs of dioxirane precuisors or dioxiranes, such as sulfonimines R1R2C=NSO2R3, see EP 446 982 A, published 1991 and snlfonyloxaziridines, for example:
(Formula Removed)
see EP 446,981 A, published 1991. Preferred examples of such materials include hydrophilic or hydrophobic ketones, used especially in conjunction with monoperoxysulfates to produce dioxiranes in situ, and/or the imines described in U.S. 5,576,282 and references described therein. Oxygen bleaches preferably used in conjunction with such oxygen transfer agents or precursors include percarboxylic acids and salts, peicarbonic acids and salts, peroxymonosulfuric acid and salts, and mixtures thereof. Sec also U.S. 5.360,568; U S. 5,360,569; and U.S. 5.370,826 In a highly preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a detergent composition which incorporates a transition-metal bleach catalyst in accordance with the invention, and organic bleach catalyst such as one named hereinabove.
The method of the present invention involves providing a non-finished textile component into the bleaching solution as described. The textile component may comprise fibers, yams and fabrics including wovens, nonwovens and knits By non-finished, it is intended that the textile component be a material that has not been dyed, printed, or otherwise provided a finishing step such as durable press finish. Of course, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the textile component of the present, invention are those that have not been passed through a garment or other manufacturing process involving cutting and sewing of the material.
The cold batch process of the present invention involves pumping the bleaching solution of the present invention into a padding trough and passing a textile component such as a fabric through the trough to saturate the fabric with the bleaching solution. Padding temperatures range from 10 to about 90° C with about 10 to about 50° C being more preferred and from about 20 to about 40° C being most preferred. While fabric pick up of the bleaching solution varies by fabric, typical wet pick up of bleach solution on the fabric ranges from about 50% to about 200% on weight of the fabric, more preferably from about 50% to about 150% and most preferably from about 70% to about 130% by weight on fabric.
Once saturated, the fabric is rolled on a beam, wrapped and treated on a frame for the desired period of time at room remperaturc. Preferred frames include a rotating A frame and fabric rolls are rotated at specified times to ensure even distribution of the bleaching solution. Rotation times typically are from about 2 to about 8 hours. Following the requisite treatment time, the treated textile is washed to remove the bleaching solution. One of ordinary skill in the art will of course recognize that conventional cold batch processing equipment may be employed in the method of the present invention.
The present process may be employed with most any natural material including cellulosics such as cotton, linen and regenerated cellulosics such as rayon and iyoceli. Both 100% natural fibers, yams and fabrics may be employed or blends with synthetic materials may be employed as well. For the purposes of the present invention, natural fibers may include cellulosics as described herein, wools both pure and blends, silks, hemp, flax and jute.
The method of the present invention may include the further steps of singeing, de-sizing, scouring, and morcenzation in conjunction with the bleaching step. These steps may be performed in various combinations and orders and one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that varying combinations are possible. The de-sizing step of the present invention involves the removal of sizing agents such as starch and polyvmyl alcohol added to yarns before weaving of fabrics. The de-sizing step involves the use of an aqueous solution of amylase enzymes and typically wetting agents and salts and soaking or contacting the fabrics with the enzymatic solution of a time sufficient to remove the sizing agents.
The scouring step of the present invention involves the removal of natural or synthetic impurities from the textiles such as waxes and oils. The scouring step involves the use of an aqueous alkaline bath, typically sodium hydroxide at elevated temperatures. Optional ingredients in the alkaline bath include wetting agents and chelating agents.
The mercerization step of the present invention involves the application of high concentrations of alkali such as sodium hydroxide in conjunction with stretching and pulling of the textiles to restore fiber strengtli and improve luster while singeing involves passing the textiles over an open flame to remove loose fibers or strands. De-sizing, scouring, mercerization and singeing arc well known to one of ordinary skill in the art and will be well recognized and within the level of skill of the artisan.
Of course the process of the present invention includes in the preferred applications a washing step or series of washing steps following the method of the present invention. Washing of
treated textiles is well known and within the level of skill of the artisan. Washing stages will be typically present after each of the de-sizing, scouring and. mercerization steps when present, as well as after the bleaching step of the present invention. Washing of treated textiles of the present invention may be performed in known washing equipment such as a jet washing machine. Wasliing typically involves multiple washings at elevated temperatures followed by step-wise reduction of ihe temperatures and times across the stages, eg. approx 80° C for 10 minutes to approx. 70° C for 10 minutes to approx. 28° C for 3 minutes to approx. 70° C for 5 minutes. In addition, various additives such as chelants and acidic reagents may be added to the rinse solutions if desired. Lastly, tlve bleaching, de-sizing scouring or mercerization steps when present may in preferred embodiments include a wet-out or prc-wctting step to ensure even or uniform wettness in the textile component.
For purposes of the present invention, fiber degradation or damage is based on fluidity as measured via AATCC test method 82-1996 involving the dispersion of the fibers in cupricthylcne diamine (CP). An increase in fluidity between treated fibers and non-treated fibers represents an increase in the amount of fiber damage. Tlve method employed is outlined as follows. A representative sample of fibers of about 1.5 nun is cut and dissolved in CP as defined by the equation CP=120 x sample weight x 0.98 in a specimen bottle with several glass balls, placed under nitrogen. The bottle is shaken for approximately 2 hours Additional CP is added as defined by the equation CP=80 x sample weight x 0.98 followed by additional shaking under nitrogen for three hours. Following dissolution, the solution is placed under constant stirring to prevent separation of the dispersion. The solution is then measured in a calibrated Oswald Canon Fcnskc viscometer in a constant temperature bath of 25° C to determine the efflux time. Efflux time is determined by drawing the fluid to a mark between 2 bulbs and measuring the lime required for the meniscus to pass from the mark between the bulbs to the mark below the lower bulb. The average of two times is used. Fluidity is then calculated from the formula F=l 00/ctd, where c = viscometer constant, t = efflux time and d = density of the solution 1.052.
The following non-limiting examples further illustrate the present invention.
EXAMPLE 1
A process for the cold batch bleaching woven fabrics according to the present invention may be conducted in the following manner. The bleaching bath was prepared by adding die chemicals as outlined in Table I below to tap water. The addition sequence was as follows: Water-Wetting agent
- Chelating agent - Activator - H2O2 - NaOH The fabric was a unde-sized and unscoured grage plain weave (400R). The original fabric whiteness was 21.74 on the CIE scale. The bleaching bath was pumped into a padding trough and keep at a constant near full level throughout the padding The fabric was passed through at a padding speed of 30 m/min at approx. 24° C, rolled up on beam and sealed in plastic sheating. The fabric was then rotated on an A-frame at room temperature for the specified reaction time then rinsed thoroughly in a jet washing machine. The fabric was dried and conditioned under 70° F and 65% relative humidity for wetting and whiteness measurements Miniscan XE Plus made by HunterLab was used to measure CIE Whiteness Index. An lnstron was used to evaluate the tensile strength by following the method ASTM D 5035. Fluidity was measured by AATCC Tost Method 82.
TABLE I

(Table Removed)
1 nonanoyloxybenezene sulfonate, sodium salt, NOBS.
2 Prestogen K from BASF in stock active level.
3 Neophen NAM from BASF in stock active level.
4 ammo phosponate mixture in stock active level.
3 Kierlon Jet B from BASF in stock active level.
EXAMPLE IT
A process for the cold batch bleaching of knitted fabrics according to the present invention may be conducted in trie following manner The bleaching bath was prepared by adding the chemicals as outlined in Table 11 below to tap water. The addition sequence was as follows: Water-Wetting agenc - Chelating agent - Activator - H202 - NaOH. The fabric was 40 pounds of a unde-sized and unscoured 24 cut, 40 single interlocking greige fabric. The original fabric whiteness was 14.31 on the CIE scale. The bleaching bath was pumped into a padding trough and keep at a constant near full level throughout the padding. The fabric was passed through at a padding speed of 30 yards/min at approx. 24 °C, rolled up on beam and sealed m plastic sheating The fabric was then storage at room temperature for the specified reaction time then rinsed thoroughly in a jet washing machine. The fabric was dried and conditioned under 70 CF and 65% relative humidity for wetting and whiteness measurements. Miniscan XE Plus made by HunterLab was used to measure CIE Whiteness Index.
TABLE IT

(Table Removed)
1 nonanoyloxybenezene sulfonate, sodium salt, NOBS. 3.Prestogen K from BASF in stock active level. ? Ncophen NAM from BASF in stock active level.
4 amino phosponatc mixture in stock active level.
5 Kicrlon Jet B from BASF in stock active level.

We claim:
1. A method for the cold batch preparation of a non finished textile material and/or improve the wettability loss thereof which comprises saturating a textile material with a aqueous bleaching solution comprising hydrogen peroxide from 10 to 50 g/L of sodium hydroxide, and a hydrophobic bleaching agent of the kind such herein described, and allowing said bleaching solution to remain in contact with said textile material for a period of time between 1 and 16 hours at a temperature of less than about 35°C
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said hydrophobic bleaching agent is a
hydrophobic bleach activator or a hydrophobic pre-formed activator or peracid.
3. A method as claimed in clainu or 2 wherein said bleaching solution comprises hydrogen
peroxide and hydrophobic bleach activator selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a bleach activator of the general formula:
(Formula Removed)
wherein R is an alkyl chain having from 5 to 17 carbon atoms and L is a leaving group;
(b) a bleach activator of the general formula:
(Formula Removed)
or mixtures thereof, wherein R!is an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to 14 carbon atoms, R2 is a alkylene, arylene or alkarylene group containing from about 1 to 14 carbon atoms, R5 is H or alkyl, aryl or alakaryl group containing from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and L is a leaving group;
(c) a benzoxazin-type bleach activator of the formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R1 is H, or alkyl, alkaryl, aryl, or arylalkyl, and wherein R2, R3, R4 and R5 may be the same or different substituents selected from H, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, hydroxyl, alkoxyl, amino, alkylamino, -COO R6, wherein R6 is H or an alkyl group and carbonyl functions;
(d) a N-acyl caprolactam bleach activator of the formula:
(Formula Removed)
where R6 is H or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl, or alkaryl group containing from 1 to 12 carbons; and
(e) mixtures of a, b, c and d.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein said hydrophobic bleach activator is a bleach
activator of the general formula:
(Formula Removed)
wherein R is an alkyl chain having from 7 to 12 carbon atoms and L is a leaving group the
conjugate acid of which ha a pKa from about 4 to 13.
5. A method as claimed in claim 4 wherein said bleach activator is an
alkanoyloxybenzenesulfonates of the formula:
(Formula Removed)
wherein Riis an alkyl group having from about 7 to 11 carbon atoms and M is a suitable cation.
6. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the bleaching solution.has an ingredient selected from the group consisting of wetting agents, chelating agents, stabilizing agents, desizing agents, scouring agents and mixtures thereof.
7. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein said chelating agent is a amino phophonate chelating agent.
8. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein said chelating agent is present in an amount of from 0.01 to l0g/L.
9. A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein the molar ratio of the hydrophobic bleach activator to hydrogen peroxide in said bleaching solution ranges from 1: 1 to 1: 50.
10. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said non-finished textile material is selected from the group consisting of cotton, linen, jute, wool, silk, rayon, lyocell and combinations thereof.
11. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said textile material is kept in contact with said bleaching solution for a period of from 2 to 8 hours.

Documents:

01299-delnp-2003-abstract.pdf

01299-delnp-2003-assignment.pdf

01299-delnp-2003-claims.pdf

01299-delnp-2003-complete specification (granted).pdf

01299-delnp-2003-correspondence-others.pdf

01299-delnp-2003-correspondence-po.pdf

01299-delnp-2003-description (complete).pdf

01299-delnp-2003-form-1.pdf

01299-delnp-2003-form-19.pdf

01299-delnp-2003-form-2.pdf

01299-delnp-2003-form-3.pdf

01299-delnp-2003-form-4.pdf

01299-delnp-2003-form-5.pdf

01299-delnp-2003-gpa.pdf

01299-delnp-2003-pct-210.pdf

01299-DELNP-2003-PCT-409.pdf

01299-DELNP-2003-PCT-416.pdf

01299-delnp-2003-petition-137.pdf

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Patent Number

196723

Indian Patent Application Number

01299/DELNP/2003

PG Journal Number

33/2008

Publication Date

15-Aug-2008

Grant Date

16-Mar-2007

Date of Filing

14-Aug-2003

Name of Patentee

THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY, US

Applicant Address

ONE PROCTER & GAMBLE PLAZA, CINCINNATI, OH 45202, USA.

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	WANG, JIPING	6546 GLENARBOR DRIVE, WEST CHESTER, OH 45069,USA
2	EGGERT, ELIZABETH, ANN	1163, MUIRWOOD LANE, BATAVIA, OH 45103, USA.

PCT International Classification Number

D06L 3/02

PCT International Application Number

PCT/US02/05600

PCT International Filing date

2002-02-26

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	09/794,383	2001-02-27	U.S.A.