Title of Invention	YARN MEASURING DEVICE
Abstract	57) Abstract:- A device is provided whereby, when measuring yam which has hairs, it is possible to detect data for the hairy part and data for the core part individually. The yam measuring device is provided with a means which forms a Fourier transformation pattern, including a yarn core part pattem and a surface projection pattem on a spectrum plane, by performing a Fourier transformation on diffracted laser light which has intersected and passed through traveling yam; a first light detecting means which receives only one of the core part pattern and the surface projection pattem; and a second light detecting means which receives only the other pattern. PRICE: THIRTY RUPEES

Title of Invention

YARN MEASURING DEVICE

Abstract

57) Abstract:- A device is provided whereby, when measuring yam which has hairs, it is possible to detect data for the hairy part and data for the core part individually. The yam measuring device is provided with a means which forms a Fourier transformation pattern, including a yarn core part pattem and a surface projection pattem on a spectrum plane, by performing a Fourier transformation on diffracted laser light which has intersected and passed through traveling yam; a first light detecting means which receives only one of the core part pattern and the surface projection pattem; and a second light detecting means which receives only the other pattern. PRICE: THIRTY RUPEES

Full Text	Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a yarn measuring device employing laser light and in particular relates to a device for measuring the core part and the hairy part of traveling yarn. Background of the Invention Conventionally, in spinning processes, yarn which is fed from a spinning machine and is being wound onto a winder, for example, or traveling yarn in other spinning and weaving processes or in the laboratory are measured, and defects relating to evenness or uniformity of the yarn, for example thick irregularities or thin irregularities, are detected, and furthermore periodic irregularities and the amount of hairiness are detected. For example, there is known a device for detecting the thickness of yarn by passing traveling yarn between a pair of electrodes which are arranged facing each other, and by measuring the electrical capacitance detected by the electrodes (referred to as an electrical capacitance*measuring device hereinbelow). On the other hand, as shown in US Patent No. 3264922, there is known a device for measuring the thickness of yarn by passing traveling yarn between a light source comprising a lamp and a light receiving means comprising a photocell, which are arranged facing each other, and by measuring the amount of light detected by the light receiving means (referred to as an optoelectric measuring device hereinbelow). However, such conventional electrical capacitance measuring devices and optoelectric measuring devices only measure the overall-- yarn, including the core part of the yarn (main part of the yarn), and the thin hairs which project from the surface of said core part, and they are therefore unsuitable for measuring yarn which has a large degree of hairiness. As is well known, spinning yarn has hairs at the surface of the yarn, and the aim of measuring thick irregularities and/or thin irregularities of the yarn is to investigate evenness or uniformity of the cross sectional area of the core part. If such irregularities exceed the permitted range then this will adversely affect the appearance of the cloth, and furthermore skin touch will be impaired and coloring irregularities may also result. Furthermore, if the yarn has significant thin irregularities then the tensile strength of the yarn will be reduced, and this will lead to yarn breakage during weaving. In this regard, since conventional electrical capacitance measuring devices and optoelectric measuring devices measure the whole of the yarn including the hairs, it is not possible to measure accurately thick irregularities and/or thin irregularities of the core part excluding the hairs. On the outlier hand, defects in spinning yarn are not restricted to the abovementioned thick irregularities and/or thin irregularities, but also involve the state of hairs projecting from the surface of the yarn. Accordingly, if the hairs are unnecessarily plentiful or long then the warp and weft yarns will become entangled during weaving, reducing the ability to weave cloths. Further, the appearance of the woven cloth will not be good. In this regard, conventional electrical capacitance measuring devices and optoelectric measuring devices cannot detect such hair defects in independently. On the contrary, bulky spun yarn which is soft to the touch must have sufficient hairs, and if there are too short or few hairs then tiles is a defect. However, with conventional electrical capacitance measuring devices and optoelectric measuring devices it is not possible to measure the state of the hairs independetly. A device in which the optoelectrical measuring device has been improved is proposed in British Patent Application No. GB2064106A. According to this, a light source which emits scattered light onto the yam, and a light receiving device which takes in the state of the exposure resulting from the yarn are provided, the construction is such that local lightness conditions are analyzed by means of a plurality of photosensors which are provided finely in the light receiving device, and it is explained that it is therefore possible to measure not only the core part of the yam but also the hairy part. However, according to the device of this British Patent application it is necessary, in order to increase the measuring accuracy, to arrange a correspondingly large number of photosensors in matrix form, and therefore the cost is extremely high. Furthermore, since it detects the state of exposure of the yam, stray light which s dispersed and reflected by the surface of the yam is liable to have an effect, and there is therefore the problem that it is not possible to measure the state of the hairs accurately. An object of the present invention is to provide a yarn measuring device with which it is possible to measure the state of the core part of the yam and the state of the hairy part of the yam accurately and independently by employing laser light. Accordingly tile invention provides a yam measuring device comprising a laser light output means for emitting laser light intersecting traveling yam; a Fourier transformation convex lens for forming a Fourier transformation pattern, having a core part pattern and a surface projection pattern of the yam, on a spectrum plane by performing a Fourier transformation of diffracted light which has passed through the yarn; a removal means located on said spectrum plane for removing one of the core part pattern and the surface projection pattern in the Fourier transformation pattern; a first light detecting means located to receive the other pattern which has passed through the spectrum plane and not removed by said removal means; a guide means which leads the pattern which is removed by said removal means in a direction retracted from the spectrum plane; and a second light detecting means located to receive the pattern which has been led by said guide means According to a mode of embodiment of the present invention it is possible to provide a correction means which, based on the pattern data detected by the first light detecting means and the pattern data detected by the second light detecting means, corrects one set of data by means of tlie outlier set of data. According to another mode of embodiment of the present invention the construction can be such that there is provided a reverse Fourier transformation convex lens which performs a reverse Fourier transformation on the other pattern Vanish has passed through the spectrum plane and has not been removed by said removal means, and such that a partial image of the yam, formed by means of said reverse transformation, is detected by the first light detecting means. According to yet another mode of embodiment of the present invention the construction can be such that there is provided a reverse Fourier transformation convex lens which performs a reverse Fourier transformation on the pattern which has been led by said guide means, and such that a partial image of the yarn, formed by means of said reverse transformation, is detected by means of the second light detecting means. Further, according to a second teaching of the present invention, there is provided a yarn measuring device comprising: a yarn surface state measuring device having a first laser output means which emits laser light in such a manner that it intersects traveling yarn; a first Fourier transformation convex lens which forms a first Fourier transformation pattern, including a core part pattern and a surface projection pattern of the yarn, on a first spectrum plane by performing a Fourier transformation on diffracted light which has passed through the yarn; a first removal means which is located on said first spectrum plane and removes the core part pattern from the Fourier transformation pattern; and a first light detecting means which receives the surface projection pattern which has passed through said first removal means: and a core state measuring device having a second laser output means which emits laser light in such a manner that it intersects said yarn from an angle which is different from that of said first laser output means; a second Fourier transformation convex lens which forms a second Fourier transformation pattern, including a core part pattern and a surface projection pattern to tlie yarn, on a second spectrum plane by performing a Fourier transformation of diffracted light which has passed through the yarn; a second removal means which is located on second spectrum plane and removes the surface projection pattern from the Fourier . transformation pattern; and a second light detecting means which receives the core part pattern which has passed through said second removal means. According to a mode of embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide a correcting means which, based on surface projection pattern data detected by the first light detecting means and core part pattern data detected by the second light detecting means, corrects one set of data by means of the other set of data. According to another mode of embodiment of the present invention, the construction can be such that there is provided a first reverse Fourier transformation convex lens which performs a reverse Fourier transformation on the surface projection pattern which has passed through the first removal means, and such that a yarn surface projection image, formed by means of said reverse transformation, is detected by the first light detecting means. According to yet another mode of embodiment of the present invention, the construction can be such that there is provided a second reverse Fourier transformation lens which performs a reverse Fourier transformation on the core part pattern ‘which has passed through the second removal means, and in that a yarn core part image, formed by means of said reverse transformation, is detected by means of the second light detecting means. Brief Description of the Drawings ^ Figs., la, lb and Ic illustrate the optical principle applicable to the present invention; Fig. la is a perspective view illustrating that a diffraction pattern is formed when laser light is irradiated onto yarn; Fig. lb is a diagram showing the correlation between hairy yarn arid the Fourier transformation pattern formed when diffracted light which has passed through said yarn is subjected to a Fourier transformation; Fig. Ic is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the analysis of the Fourier transformation pattern. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a first embodiment of a yarn measuring device according to the present invention. Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view showing a first embodiment of a device which has been realized based on the first mode of embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a second mode of embodiment of a yarn measuring device according to the present invention. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments The modes of embodiment of the present invention will now be described in detail based on the drawings. Optical principle Firstly, in describing the basic optical principle of the present invention, as shown in Fig. la, when laser light 2 is irradiated such that it intersects yarn 1, and the diffracted light which has passed through the yarn 1 is then passed through a convex lens 3, a diffraction pattern 4, aligned in the form of dots, will appear on a screen which is separated by a distance equal to the focal length of the convex lens. Then, by making use of this principle, by passing the laser light through a beam enlargement lens and irradiating the enlarged parallel rays of light onto the yarn, and then focusing the diffracted light which has passed through the yarn by passing it convex lens, a Fourier transformation pattern 5, as shown in Fig. lb, appears on a spectrum plane which is located in the focal plane of said convex lens, by means of a Fourier transformation. With yarn 1 which has a core part 6 and a hairy part 7, the Fourier transformation pattern 5 contains a pattern center part 9 which is formed due to the background part 8 between the hairs, a core part pattern 10 in the form of dots, extending from said pattern center part 9 in the left and right directions, formed due to the core part 6, and a surface projection pattern 11 in the form of dots, extending from said pattern center part 9 in the radial direction, formed due to the hairy part 7. In the Fourier transformation pattern 5, a hair 7a, from among the hairs, which projects from the core part 6 at right angles appears as a pattern 11a extending from the pattern center part 9 in the vertical direction, in other words extending such that it intersects the core part pattern 10 at right angles. Further, a hair 7b which is inclined in the anticlockwise direction with respect to said perpendicular hair 7a appears as a pattern lib in a position which is displaced in the anticlockwise direction with respect to said perpendicular pattern 11a. On the other hand, a hair 7c which is inclined in the clockwise-direction with respect to said perpendicular hair 7a appears as a pattern lie in a. position displaced in the clockwise direction with respect to said perpendicular pattern 11a, If the core part 6 of the yarn 1 is thin then the shape of each point which appears in the core part pattern 10 is altered such that it is widened in the direction of said pattern, and the series of dots is altered to become coarse. Conversely, if the core part 6 is thick then the shape of each point which appears in the core part pattern 10 will be altered such that it is contracted in the direction of said pattern, and the series of points is altered such that they become dense. Similarly, with regard to the hairy parts 7, if the hairs 7a, 7b and 7c are thin then the shape of each point which appears in the respective patterns 11a, lib and lie is altered such that they are widened in the direction of said pattern, and the series of dots is altered such that it becomes coarse. Conversely, if the hairs 7a, 7b and 7c are thick then the shape of each point which appears in said patterns 11a, lib and lie will alter such that they are contracted in the direction of said pattern, and the series of points will become dense. It is thus possible to detect thick and/or thin irregularities of the core part 6 of the yarn 1 from the Fourier transformation pattern 5, by detecting and analyzing the core part pattern 10. Further, it is possible to detect the state of the hairs 7a, 7b and 7c separately by detecting and analyzing the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie. Alternatively, it is understood that instead of detecting each hair 7a, 7b and 7c which projects from the surface of the core part 6 individually, it is sufficient, in order to measure the overall state of the hairy part 7 which contains these fibres, to detect and analyze the surface pattern region 12 which is occupied by the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie in the Fourier transformation pattern 5, as shown schematically in Fig. Ic. Thus,- bvanalyzinc! said Fourier transformation Dater 5 it is possible to measure three states, namely the state of the core part 6 of the yarn 1, the states of each hair 7a, 7b and 7c, and the overall state of the hairy part 7. First mode of embodiment Fig. 2 shows a first mode of embodiment of the device according to the present invention, and there is provided a laser output means 21 which radiates laser light such that it intersects traveling yarn 1. The laser output means 21 is a known output mecums such as a gas laser, a solid laser or a semiconductor laser, and a commercially available device can be used. Laser light output from the laser output means 21 is subjected to light-ray enlargement and parallelization by means of a beam enlargement lens means 24 which includes a pair of lenses 22 and 23, and the light is then irradiated towards the yarn 1. The laser light thus passes the entire core part 6 and hairy part 7 of the yarn 1, thereby forming diffracted light. Diffracted light which has passed the yarn 1 is led to a Fourier transformation convex lens 25 where it is subjected to a Fourier transformation, and is then focused on a spectrum plane 26 which is positioned at the focal point of said lens 25. A Fourier transformation pattern 5 such as that shown in Fig. lb then forms on the spectrum plane 26. A removal means 27 which removes the core part pattern 10 from the Fourier transformation pattern 5 is provided on said spectrum plane 26. The removal means 27 may be constructed from a long thin member which acts as a shield such that the core part pattern 10 shown in Fig. lb does not pass the spectrum plane 26, and it should have a shape while coincides vita the ship which covers the whole of the core part pattern 10 as shown in Fig. Ic. Thus only the surface projection pattern 11 which remains after the core part pattern 10 has boon removed from the Fourier transformation pattern 5 passes through the spectrum plane 26. The surface projection pattern 11 which has passed through said spectrum plane 26 is received and analyzed by means of a first light detecting means 28. Two methods can be formulated in order to perform analysis using the first light detecting means 28. According to a first method, all of the light contained in a surface pattern region 12 which combines tlie surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie, which indicate the hairs 7a, 7b and 7c of the yarn 1 shown in Figs, lb and Ic, is received, the total quantity of light and/or the light intensity are measured by means of the first light detecting means 28, and by this means the overall state of the hairy part 7 of the yarn 1 is evaluated. To this end, the construction should be such that diffracted light in the surface pattern region 11 which has passed through the spectrum plane 26 is led directly to the first light detecting means 28, for example the first light detecting means 28 should consist of an optical sensor such as a photodiode, and a measuring means 29 which performs an A/D conversion on the output from said optical sensor and evaluates the output should be provided. According to a second method, each of the hairs 7a, 7b and 7c indicated by the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie is measured individually by a first light detecting means 28. To this end, as shown in Fig. 2, the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie which have passed through the spectrum plane 26 should be led to a reverse Fourier transformation convex lens 30 which performs a reverse Fourier transformation, and measurement and evaluation should be performed, using the images of the hairs 7a, 7b and 7c which have been formed by said reverse transformation as the image, by'Tireans of the first light detecting means 28. For example, the first light detecting means 28 may consist of an image processing means such as a CCD scanning line camera, a CCD matrix camera or a television camera, and the image may be recorded without further modification using an image recording means and evaluated digitally, and it is thus possible to evaluate the hairs 7a, 7b and 7c in detail. The core part pattern 10 which has been removed from the abovementioned Fourier transformation pattern 5 by the removal means 27 is led by a guide means 31 in a direction refracted away from the spectrum plane 26. In the mode of embodiment shown by way of example in Fig. 2, the core part pattern 10 which has been removed is led in a perpendicular refracted angle, but this angle need not be a right angle. The guide means 31 may be constructed such that the core part pattern 10 is reflected by means of a mirror formed on the surface of said removal means 27, and it may also be constructed such that the core part pattern 10 which is incident on the removal means 27 is refracted by means of a prism. The core part pattern 10 which has been led by means of said guide means 31 is received by a second light detecting means 32 and is analyzed. In order to perform analysis using the second light detecting means 32, two methods can be formulated, in the same or similar way as in the first light detecting means 28 described above. According to a first method, the core part pattern 10 is received, the quantity of light and/or light intensity of the pattern 10 are measured by means of the second light detecting means 32 so that thick irregularities and/or thin irregularities, for example, of the core part 6 of the 1 are. evaluated. To this end, the construction may be such, tote the refracted light of the core part pattern 10 which has been led by means of the guide means 31 is led directly to the second light detecting means 32, and for example the second light detecting means 32 may consist of an optical sensor such as a photodiode, and a measuring means 33 which performs an A/D conversion on the output from said optical sensor and evaluates the output may be provided. According to a second method, the core part 6 indicated by the core part pattern 10 is measured as an image by means of the second light detecting means 32. To this end, as shown in Fig. 2, the core part pattern 10 which has been led from the guide means 31 should be led to a reverse Fourier transformation convex lens 34 which performs a reverse Fourier transformation, and measurement and evaluation should be performed by means of the second light detecting means 32, with the image of the core part 6, which has been formed by means of said reverse transformation, as the image. For example, the second light detecting means 32 may consist of an image processing means such as a CCD scanning line camera, a CCD matrix camera or a television camera, and the image may be recorded without further modification by means of an image recording means, and evaluated digitally, and it is thus possible to evaluate thick irregularities and/or thin irregularities, for example, of the core part 6. In a first mode of embodiment of the present invention based on Fig. 2, the description outlined above indicated a construction in which the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie from the Fourier transformation pattern 5 which had passed through the spectrum plane 26 without being removed by the removal means 27 were detected by means of the first light detecting means 28, while the core-part pattern 10 which had been removed by the removal means 27 and led by the guide means 31 was detected by means of the second . light detecting means 32, but a construction may also be used whereby the removal of the pattern is reversed. In other words it is also possible to have a construction in which the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie from the Fourier transformation pattern 5 are removed by the removal means 27, and the core part pattern 10 which passes through the spectrum plane 26 without being removed is detected by means of the first light detecting means 28, while the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie which have been removed by means of the removal means 27 are led to the second light detecting means 32 by the guide means 31. In this case the removal means 27 may comprise a shield plate provided with a slit which only allows the core part pattern 10 to be transmitted, and the guide means 31 may consist of a mirror which reflects the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie which have been received by the shield plate around said slit, in a direction refracted from the spectrum plane 26, or a prism which causes refraction. According to the construction mentioned above, it is possible to measure simultaneously and in parallel the state of the core part 6 and the state of the hairy part 7 of a traveling yarn 1, and it is therefore possible to perform detailed measurement inspections of hairy yarn 1. In other words, it is possible to perform measurement inspections relating to the hairy part of the yarn and to perform measurement inspections relating to the core part, for example thick irregularities and/or thin irregularities of the yarn. Furthermore, it is possible to make use of the data for the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie which have been detected means of the first light detecting weans 28, and the data for the re part pattern 10 which has been detected by the second light detecting means 32, such that one set of data is corrected by means of the other set of data. For example, if measurement inspections are to be performed only on the hairy part 7 of the yarn then it is possible to make use of the data relating to the core part 6 which has been measured simultaneously, in order to correct the data for the hairy part 7. In theory, when measuring the hairy part 7 of the yarn, the first light detecting means 28 receives only the surface projection pattern 11 of the Fourier transformation pattern 5, from which the core part pattern 10 has been removed, and it is therefore possible to perform accurate evaluation of the hairy part 6 by analyzing this pattern. However, in an actual device, stray light resulting from dispersed and reflected light, for example, at the lens surface of the Fourier transformation convex lens 25 passes through the spectrum plane and enters the light path formed by means of a pipe-shaped housing or the like, and there is a danger that light other than the surface projection pattern 11 will be received by the first light detecting means 28, and therefore accurate evaluation of the hairy part 7 is difficult. It is thus preferable to eradicate the effects of said stray light by correcting the data based on the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie which have been detected by means of the first light detecting means 28, using the data based on the core part pattern 10 which has been detected by means of the second light detecting means 32, and in this way it is possible to evaluate the hairy part 7 accurately. To elaborate, provided that no light enters the device from outside, the quantity of light based on the surface projection pattern 11 which has been received by the first light detecting means 28, and_ the quantity of light based on the core part pattern 10 which has been received by the second light detecting means 32 are proportional to the thicknesses of the core part 6 and the hairy part 7 of the yarn 1, based on the total quantity of light of the two. Thus the quantity of stray light received by the first light detecting means 28 in addition to the quantity of light based on the surface projection pattern 11 is proportional to the thickness of the core part 6 of the yarn 1. Thus, by correcting the data detected by the first light detecting means 28, by means of data relating to variations in the thickness of the core part 6 detected by means of the second light detecting means 32, it is possible to evaluate the hairy part 7 accurately, without the stray light having an effect. Such data correction can be achieved by means of the following method, for example. If the thickness of the yarn under observation is D and the amount of hair is H, then the output signal Si from the first legit detecting means 28, which has observed the amount of hair, is expressed by the following formula (1). Thus the output signal Si contains stray light due to the thickness D of the yarn (a , is a stray light coefficient). It should be noted that is a conversion coefficient for the conversion of the quantity of light due to the amount of hair H into an electrical output. Meanwhile, the output signal Si from the second light detecting means observed the thickness of the yarn is expressed by the following formula (2), The output signal Sj thus contains stray light due to the hairs H of the yarn {0 i is a stray light coefficient). It should be noted that a , is a conversion coefficient for the conversion of the amount of light due to the thickness D into an electrical output. Furthermore, prior to observation of traveling yarn, the following data 1 and 2 are obtained as calibration data. (Calibration data 1) Calibration data 1 are obtained by measuring a rod-shaped specimen which has no hair. The thickness of the rod-shaped specimen is Do but since there is no hair, H=0. Thus the output data Si o produced from the first light detecting means 28, and the output data Sj0 produced from the second light detecting means 32 are respectively expressed by the following formulae (3) and (4). (Calibration data 2) Calibration data 2 are obtained by measuring a specimen which has a constant amount of hair and which has a core part which does not vary and which is uniform. The specimen has a constant thickness Do and a constant amount of hair H « . The output data S 11 obtained from the first light detecting means 28, and the output data Sm obtained from the second light detecting means 32 are expressed respectively by means of the following formulae (5) and (6). Thus by substituting the calibration data 1 (formulae (3) and (4)) and the calibration data 2 (formulae (5) and (6)), which were obtained as outlined above, into the observed values for the traveling yarn which have been detected by means of the first light detecting means 28 and the second light detecting means 32, in other words into the abovementioned formulae (1) and (2), it is possible to express the output Si from the first light detecting means 28 by means of the following equation (7-1), and the output Si from the second light detecting means 32 by means of the following equation (7-2). The values D/D« and H/Ho thus become clear, as shown by the following equation (7-3) and equation (7-4), and it is thus possible to eradicate the stray light due to the thickness of the yarn, which is included in the output from the first light detecting means 28, and the stray light due to the hairs, which is included in the output from the second light detecting means 32. Equation (7-1) Correction of the data above mentioned can be achieved easily by providing a correction means 60 such as a calculating means. Thus in the mode of embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2, a correction means 60 which corrects, based on the pattern data detected by means of the first light detecting means 29 and the pattern data detected by means of the second light detecting means 32, one set of data using the other set of data is provided. The correction means 60 may correct the data for the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and l^-C by means of the core part pattern 10 data in order to evaluate the hairy parts 7 correctly, or conversely it may correct the data for the core part pattern 10 by means of the data for the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie in order to evaluate the core part 6 accurately. As outlined above, in a device in which the first light detecting means 28 and the second light detecting means 32 consist of optical sensors such as photodiodes, and the light intensities of the patterns received thereby are subjected to A/D conversion and analyzed, it is possible to construct said correction means 60 using a differential amplifier. On the other hand, the device in which the first light detecting means 28 and the second light detecting means 3 2 are constructed by means of an image processing means such as a CCD camera, it is possible to provide a circuit which, based on said correction means 60, corrects images whose contours have been blurred by stray light, such that the contours are sharp. Embodiment Fig. 3 shows an embodiment based on the abovementioned first mode of embodiment. A laser output means 21 consisting of a laser diode 37 is provided on one frame 35 of a pair of frames 35 and 36 which are arranged perpendicular to each other, and a beam expander 38 with a built-in lens means 24 is attached to the tip thereof. There is provided a yarn guide (not shown) which guides yarn 1 such that it intersects a laser light beam which has been expanded, made parallel and output by means of said beam expander 38, and diffracted light which has passed the yarn 1 is reflected in a perpendicular direction by means of a mirror 39 and is guided parallel to the other frame 36. The diffracted light which has been guided by said mirror 39 is subjected to a Fourier transformation by means of a Fourier transformation convex lens 25, A wire-shaped removal means 27 (not shown) is arranged positioned in the focal plane (spectrum plane) of said convex lens 25, and this acts as a shield such that the core part pattern 10 of the Fourier transformation pattern 4 does not pass through the spectrum plane. The remaining pattern from which the core part pattern 10 has been removed, in other words the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie, passes through the spectrum plane, then passes through a light path consisting of a first pipe member 40 and a second pipe member 4l, and reaches a light reception surface 43 of a first light detecting means 28 which consists of a photodiode 42. A reverse Fourier transformation convex lens 30 is arranged between said first pipe member 40 and second pipe member 41, and thus the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie which pass through the spectrum plane reach the photodiode 42 in the form of an image of the hairy part 7. It should be noted that the quantity of light detected by the photodiode 42 is subjected to A/D conversion and is evaluated by means of a computer. The core part pattern 10 which has been removed by the removal means 27 at the spectrum plane is guided in the direction of the light path by means of a beam sampler 45 which is provided with a prism 44, and it reaches a light reception surface 47 of a second light detecting means 32 which consists of a photodiode 46, and the quantity of light which is detected at this point is subjected to A/D conversion and is evaluated by means of a computer. It should be noted that, although omitted from the diagram, the data based on the quantity of light detected by means of the first light detecting means 28, and the data based on the quantity of light detected by the second light detecting means 32 pass through a correction means comprising a differential amplifier, for example, as outlined above, and one set of data is corrected by means of the other set of data. Second mode of embodiment Fig. 4 shows a second mode of embodiment of the depict: according to the present invention, and it consists of a combination of a yarn surface state measuring device 51 and a yarn core state The yarn surface state measuring device 51 is provided with a first laser output means 21a which irradiates laser light such that it intersects traveling yarn 1, and a first beam enlargement lens means 24a which includes a pair of lenses which expand and make parallel the laser light output from said laser output means 21a, and it irradiates the enlarged beam such that it intersects the yarn 1. Diffracted light which has passed through the yarn 1 is subjected to a Fourier transformation by means of a first Fourier transformation convex lens 25a, and a first Fourier transformation pattern is formed on a spectrum plane 26a which is positioned at the focal point of said convex lens 25a. This pattern is the same as the pattern 5 shown in Fig. lb, and contains a core part pattern 10 and a surface projection part 11 of the yarn, as outlined above. The core part pattern 10 from said Fourier transformation pattern 5 is then removed by means of a first removal means (not shown) which is located on the spectrum plane 26a. Thus only the remaining surface projection pattern 11 passes through the spectrum plane 26a, and a first light detecting means 28a which receives the surface projection pattern 11 is provided. If necessary, a first reverse Fourier transformation convex lens 30a which performs a reverse Fourier transformation on the surface projection pattern 11 which is passed through the first removal means may be provided, and it is possible to send the surface projection pattern 11 to the first light detecting means 28a in the form of an image of the hairs 7. - The first light detecting means 28a has the same construction as the first light detecting means 28 in the first mode of embodiment described with reference to Fig. 2. The yarn core state measuring device 52 is arranged such that it intersects said device 51 at the yarn 1 part, and is provided with a second laser output means 21b which irradiates laser light such that it intersects the yarn 1 from a different angle to that of said first laser output means 21a, and a second beam enlargement lens means 24b which includes a pair of lenses which expand and make parallel the laser light output from the second laser output means 21b. Diffracted light which has passed through the yarn 1 is subjected to a Fourier transformation by means of a second Fourier transformation convex lens 25b, and a second Fourier transformation pattern is formed on a spectrum plane 26b which is positioned at the focal point of said convex lens 25b. This pattern includes a core part pattern 10 and a surface projection pattern 11 of the yarn, as shown in Fig. lb. The surface projection pattern 11 from said Fourier transformation pattern 5 is removed by means of a second removal means (not shown) which is provided on said spectrum plane 26b. Thus only the remaining core part pattern 10 passes through the spectrum plane 26b, and there is provided a second light detecting means 32b which receives the core part pattern 10. If necessary, a second reverse Fourier transformation convex lens 30b which performs a reverse Fourier transformation on the core part pattern 10 which has passed through the second removal means may be provided, and it is thus possible to send the core part pattern 10 to Line second light detecting ?^.ean5 32b in the forty of an 1.'nags of the core part 6 of the yarn. The second light detecting means 32b has the same construction —as the second light detecting means 32 in the first mode of embodiment which was described with reference to Fig. 2. There is furthermore provided a correction means 60a which, based on the data for the surface projection pattern 11 which was detected by means of the first light detecting means 28a and the data for the core part pattern 10 which was detected by means of the second light detecting means 32b, corrects one set of data by means of the other set of data. The correction means 60a has the same construction as the correction means 60 in the first mode of embodiment which was described based on Figure 2. Mode of use of the device Either of the first mode of embodiment and the second mode of embodiment outlined above can perform simultaneous parallel measurement of the state of the core part 6 and the state of the hairy part 7 of traveling yarn 1, and it is therefore possible to perform detailed measurement inspections of hairy yarn 1. In particular, it is possible to perform measurement inspections relating to the hairy part of the yarn, and to perform measurement inspections relating to the core part, for example thick irregularities and/or thin irregularities of the yarn. Furthermore, if, as outlined above, correcting means 60 and 60a are provided, then it is possible, based on the pattern data detected by means of the first light detecting means 28 and 28a, and the pattern data detected by means of the second light detecting means 32 and 32b, to correct one set of data by means of the other set of data, and it is thus possible to eradicate Use eflecLs of stray light which occur within the device, and thus accurate evaluation of the core part 6 and/or the hairy part 7 is achieved. The device of-^ho present invention is principally used for measuring varn which has hair, but its use is not limited to hairs. and it may also be used widely in order to measure linear objects on the surface of which long thin projections are formed. Advantages of the Invention According to the present invention it is possible to measure accurately the state of the core part 6 and the hairy part 7 of yarn individually, by employing laser light. Furthermore, according to the present invention it is possible, based on data for the core part 6 and data for the hairy part 7, which data have been detected independently, to correct one set of data by means of the other set of data, when measuring the state of the core part 6 and/or the hairy part 7 of the yarn, and it is therefore possible to eliminate the effects of stray light and the like which occur due to lens surfaces, and to perform accurate evaluation of the core part 6 and/or the hairy part 7. WE CLAIM : 1. A yarn measuring device comprising a laser liglit output means (21) for emitting laser liglit intersecting traveling yam (1) a Fourier transformation convex lens (25) for forming a Fourier transformation pattern, having a core part pattern and a surface projection pattern of the yam, on a spectrum plane (26) by performing a Fourier transformation of diffracted light which has passed trilogy the yam; a removal means (27) located on said spectrum plane for removing one of the core part pattern and the surface projection pattern in the Fourier transformation pattern; a first light detecting means (28) located to receive the other pattern which has passed through the spectrum plane and not removed by said removal means; a guide means (31) which leads the pattern which is removed by said removal means in a direction refracted from the spectrum plane; and a second light detecting means (32) located to receive the pattern which has been led by said guide means. 2. A yarn measuring device according to claim 1, wherein a correction means (60), based on the pattern data detected by the first light detecting means (28) and the pattern data detected by the second light detecting means (32) is provided to correct one set of data by means of the other set of data. 3. A yarn measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a reverse Fourier transformation convex lens (30) is provided to perform a reverse Fourier transformation on the other pattern passed through the spectrum plane and has not been removed by the removal means to form a partial image of the yam by means of said reverse transformation and detected by the first light detecting means (28) 4. A yam measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a reverse Fourier transformation convex lens (34) is provided for performing a reverse Fourier transformation on the pattern which has been led by the guide means (31), forming a partial image of the yam by means of said reverse transformation and is detected by means of the second light detecting means (32). 5. A yam measuring de\ice as claimed in claim 1, comprising a yam surface state measuring device (51) having a first laser output means (21 a) emitting laser light intersecting traveling yam (1); a first Fourier transformation convex lens (25a) forming a first Fourier transformation pattern, having a core part pattern and a surface projection pattern of the yam, on a first spectrum plane (26a) by performing a Fourier transformation on diffracted light passing through the yam; a first removal means located on said first spectrum plane for removing the core part pattern from the Fourier transformation pattern; and a first light detecting means (28a) for receiving the surface projection pattern passing through said first removal means; and a core state measuring device (52) having a second laser output means (21b) which emits laser light intersecting said yam (1) at an angle which is different from the angle at which said first laser output means is directed; a second Fourier transformation convex lens (25b) forming a second Fourier transformation pattern, having a core part pattern and a surface projection pattern of the yam, on a second spectrum plane (26b) by performing a Fourier transformation of diffracted light passing through the yam; a second removal means located on said second spectrum plane for removing the surface projection pattern from the Fourier transformation pattern; and a second liglit detecting means (32b) for receiving the core part pattern passing through said second removal means. 6. A yarn measuring device according to claim 5, wherein a correcting means (60a) based on surface projection pattern data detected by the first light detecting means (28a) and core part pattern data detected by the second light detecting means (32b) is provided for correcting one set of data by means of the other set of data. 7. A yam measuring device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein a first reverse Fourier transformation convex lens (30a) is provided to perform a reverse Fourier transformation on the surface projection pattern passing through the first removal means, to form a yam surface projection image, by means of the abovementioned reverse transformation, and detected by the first light detecting means. 8. A yam measuring device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein a second reverse Fourier transformation lens (30b) is provided to perform a reverse Fourier transformation on the core part pattern passing through the second removal means, forming a yam core part image, by means of said reverse transformation and detected by the second light detecting means. 9. A yam measuring device, substantially as hereinabove described and illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Full Text

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a yarn measuring device employing laser light and in particular relates to a device for measuring the core part and the hairy part of traveling yarn. Background of the Invention
Conventionally, in spinning processes, yarn which is fed from a spinning machine and is being wound onto a winder, for example, or traveling yarn in other spinning and weaving processes or in the laboratory are measured, and defects relating to evenness or uniformity of the yarn, for example thick irregularities or thin irregularities, are detected, and furthermore periodic irregularities and the amount of hairiness are detected.
For example, there is known a device for detecting the thickness of yarn by passing traveling yarn between a pair of electrodes which are arranged facing each other, and by measuring the electrical capacitance detected by the electrodes (referred to as an electrical capacitance*measuring device hereinbelow). On the other hand, as shown in US Patent No. 3264922, there is known a device for measuring the thickness of yarn by passing traveling yarn between a light source comprising a lamp and a light receiving means comprising a photocell, which are arranged facing each other, and by measuring the amount of light detected by the light receiving means (referred to as an optoelectric measuring device hereinbelow).
However, such conventional electrical capacitance measuring devices and optoelectric measuring devices only measure the overall--

yarn, including the core part of the yarn (main part of the yarn), and

the thin hairs which project from the surface of said core part, and they are therefore unsuitable for measuring yarn which has a large degree of hairiness.
As is well known, spinning yarn has hairs at the surface of the yarn, and the aim of measuring thick irregularities and/or thin irregularities of the yarn is to investigate evenness or uniformity of the cross sectional area of the core part. If such irregularities exceed the permitted range then this will adversely affect the appearance of the cloth, and furthermore skin touch will be impaired and coloring irregularities may also result. Furthermore, if the yarn has significant thin irregularities then the tensile strength of the yarn will be reduced, and this will lead to yarn breakage during weaving. In this regard, since conventional electrical capacitance measuring devices and optoelectric measuring devices measure the whole of the yarn including the hairs, it is not possible to measure accurately thick irregularities and/or thin irregularities of the core part excluding the hairs.
On the outlier hand, defects in spinning yarn are not restricted to the abovementioned thick irregularities and/or thin irregularities, but also involve the state of hairs projecting from the surface of the yarn. Accordingly, if the hairs are unnecessarily plentiful or long then the warp and weft yarns will become entangled during weaving, reducing the ability to weave cloths. Further, the appearance of the woven cloth will not be good. In this regard, conventional electrical capacitance measuring devices and optoelectric measuring devices cannot detect such hair defects in independently.
On the contrary, bulky spun yarn which is soft to the touch must have sufficient hairs, and if there are too short or few hairs

then tiles is a defect. However, with conventional electrical capacitance measuring devices and optoelectric measuring devices it is not possible to measure the state of the hairs independetly.
A device in which the optoelectrical measuring device has been improved is proposed in British Patent Application No. GB2064106A. According to this, a light source which emits scattered light onto the yam, and a light receiving device which takes in the state of the exposure resulting from the yarn are provided, the construction is such that local lightness conditions are analyzed by means of a plurality of photosensors which are provided finely in the light receiving device, and it is explained that it is therefore possible to measure not only the core part of the yam but also the hairy part.
However, according to the device of this British Patent application it is necessary, in order to increase the measuring accuracy, to arrange a correspondingly large number of photosensors in matrix form, and therefore the cost is extremely high. Furthermore, since it detects the state of exposure of the yam, stray light which s dispersed and reflected by the surface of the yam is liable to have an effect, and there is therefore the problem that it is not possible to measure the state of the hairs accurately.

An object of the present invention is to provide a yarn measuring device with which it is possible to measure the state of the core part of the yam and the state of the hairy part of the yam accurately and independently by employing laser light.
Accordingly tile invention provides a yam measuring device comprising a laser light output means for emitting laser light intersecting traveling yam; a Fourier transformation convex lens for forming a Fourier transformation pattern, having a core part pattern and a surface projection pattern of the yam, on a spectrum plane by performing a Fourier transformation of diffracted light which has passed through the yarn; a removal means located on said spectrum plane for removing one of the core part pattern and the surface projection pattern in the Fourier transformation pattern; a first light detecting means located to receive the other pattern which has passed through the spectrum plane and not removed by said removal means; a guide means which leads the pattern which is removed by said removal means in a direction retracted from the spectrum plane; and a second light detecting means located to receive the pattern which has been led by said guide means
According to a mode of embodiment of the present invention it is possible to provide a correction means which, based on the pattern data detected by the first light detecting means and the

pattern data detected by the second light detecting means, corrects one set of data by means of tlie outlier set of data.
According to another mode of embodiment of the present invention the construction can be such that there is provided a reverse Fourier transformation convex lens which performs a reverse Fourier transformation on the other pattern Vanish has passed through the spectrum plane and has not been removed by said removal means, and such that a partial image of the yam, formed by means of said reverse transformation, is detected by the first light detecting means.
According to yet another mode of embodiment of the present

invention the construction can be such that there is provided a reverse Fourier transformation convex lens which performs a reverse Fourier transformation on the pattern which has been led by said guide means, and such that a partial image of the yarn, formed by means of said reverse transformation, is detected by means of the second light detecting means.
Further, according to a second teaching of the present invention, there is provided a yarn measuring device comprising: a yarn surface state measuring device having a first laser output means which emits laser light in such a manner that it intersects traveling yarn; a first Fourier transformation convex lens which forms a first Fourier transformation pattern, including a core part pattern and a surface projection pattern of the yarn, on a first spectrum plane by performing a Fourier transformation on diffracted light which has passed through the yarn; a first removal means which is located on said first spectrum plane and removes the core part pattern from the Fourier transformation pattern; and a first light detecting means which receives the surface projection pattern which has passed through said first removal means: and a core state measuring device having a second laser output means which emits laser light in such a manner that it intersects said yarn from an angle which is different from that of said first laser output means; a second Fourier transformation convex lens which forms a second Fourier transformation pattern, including a core part pattern and a surface projection pattern to tlie yarn, on a second spectrum plane by performing a Fourier transformation of diffracted light which has passed through the yarn; a second removal means which is located on second spectrum plane and removes the surface projection pattern from the Fourier .

transformation pattern; and a second light detecting means which receives the core part pattern which has passed through said second removal means.
According to a mode of embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide a correcting means which, based on surface projection pattern data detected by the first light detecting means and core part pattern data detected by the second light detecting means, corrects one set of data by means of the other set of data.
According to another mode of embodiment of the present invention, the construction can be such that there is provided a first reverse Fourier transformation convex lens which performs a reverse Fourier transformation on the surface projection pattern which has passed through the first removal means, and such that a yarn surface projection image, formed by means of said reverse transformation, is detected by the first light detecting means.
According to yet another mode of embodiment of the present invention, the construction can be such that there is provided a second reverse Fourier transformation lens which performs a reverse Fourier transformation on the core part pattern ‘which has passed through the second removal means, and in that a yarn core part image, formed by means of said reverse transformation, is detected by means of the second light detecting means. Brief Description of the Drawings
^ Figs., la, lb and Ic illustrate the optical principle applicable to the present invention; Fig. la is a perspective view illustrating that a diffraction pattern is formed when laser light is irradiated onto yarn; Fig. lb is a diagram showing the correlation between hairy yarn arid the Fourier transformation pattern formed when

diffracted light which has passed through said yarn is subjected to a Fourier transformation; Fig. Ic is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the analysis of the Fourier transformation pattern.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a first embodiment of a yarn measuring device according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view showing a first embodiment of a device which has been realized based on the first mode of embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a second mode of embodiment of a yarn measuring device according to the present invention. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments
The modes of embodiment of the present invention will now be described in detail based on the drawings. Optical principle
Firstly, in describing the basic optical principle of the present invention, as shown in Fig. la, when laser light 2 is irradiated such that it intersects yarn 1, and the diffracted light which has passed through the yarn 1 is then passed through a convex lens 3, a diffraction pattern 4, aligned in the form of dots, will appear on a screen which is separated by a distance equal to the focal length of the convex lens.
Then, by making use of this principle, by passing the laser light through a beam enlargement lens and irradiating the enlarged parallel rays of light onto the yarn, and then focusing the diffracted light which has passed through the yarn by passing it convex lens, a Fourier transformation pattern 5, as shown in Fig. lb, appears on a spectrum plane which is located in the focal

plane of said convex lens, by means of a Fourier transformation. With yarn 1 which has a core part 6 and a hairy part 7, the Fourier transformation pattern 5 contains a pattern center part 9 which is formed due to the background part 8 between the hairs, a core part pattern 10 in the form of dots, extending from said pattern center part 9 in the left and right directions, formed due to the core part 6, and a surface projection pattern 11 in the form of dots, extending from said pattern center part 9 in the radial direction, formed due to the hairy part 7. In the Fourier transformation pattern 5, a hair 7a, from among the hairs, which projects from the core part 6 at right angles appears as a pattern 11a extending from the pattern center part 9 in the vertical direction, in other words extending such that it intersects the core part pattern 10 at right angles. Further, a hair 7b which is inclined in the anticlockwise direction with respect to said perpendicular hair 7a appears as a pattern lib in a position which is displaced in the anticlockwise direction with respect to said perpendicular pattern 11a. On the other hand, a hair 7c which is inclined in the clockwise-direction with respect to said perpendicular hair 7a appears as a pattern lie in a. position displaced in the clockwise direction with respect to said perpendicular pattern 11a,
If the core part 6 of the yarn 1 is thin then the shape of each point which appears in the core part pattern 10 is altered such that it is widened in the direction of said pattern, and the series of dots is altered to become coarse. Conversely, if the core part 6 is thick then the shape of each point which appears in the core part pattern 10 will be altered such that it is contracted in the direction
of said pattern, and the series of points is altered such that they

become dense.
Similarly, with regard to the hairy parts 7, if the hairs 7a, 7b and 7c are thin then the shape of each point which appears in the respective patterns 11a, lib and lie is altered such that they are widened in the direction of said pattern, and the series of dots is altered such that it becomes coarse. Conversely, if the hairs 7a, 7b and 7c are thick then the shape of each point which appears in said patterns 11a, lib and lie will alter such that they are contracted in the direction of said pattern, and the series of points will become dense.
It is thus possible to detect thick and/or thin irregularities of the core part 6 of the yarn 1 from the Fourier transformation pattern 5, by detecting and analyzing the core part pattern 10. Further, it is possible to detect the state of the hairs 7a, 7b and 7c separately by detecting and analyzing the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie.
Alternatively, it is understood that instead of detecting each hair 7a, 7b and 7c which projects from the surface of the core part 6 individually, it is sufficient, in order to measure the overall state of the hairy part 7 which contains these fibres, to detect and analyze the surface pattern region 12 which is occupied by the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie in the Fourier transformation pattern 5, as shown schematically in Fig. Ic.
Thus,- bvanalyzinc! said Fourier transformation Dater 5 it is possible to measure three states, namely the state of the core part 6 of the yarn 1, the states of each hair 7a, 7b and 7c, and the overall state of the hairy part 7. First mode of embodiment

Fig. 2 shows a first mode of embodiment of the device according to the present invention, and there is provided a laser output means 21 which radiates laser light such that it intersects traveling yarn 1. The laser output means 21 is a known output mecums such as a gas laser, a solid laser or a semiconductor laser, and a commercially available device can be used.
Laser light output from the laser output means 21 is subjected to light-ray enlargement and parallelization by means of a beam enlargement lens means 24 which includes a pair of lenses 22 and 23, and the light is then irradiated towards the yarn 1. The laser light thus passes the entire core part 6 and hairy part 7 of the yarn 1, thereby forming diffracted light.
Diffracted light which has passed the yarn 1 is led to a Fourier transformation convex lens 25 where it is subjected to a Fourier transformation, and is then focused on a spectrum plane 26 which is positioned at the focal point of said lens 25. A Fourier transformation pattern 5 such as that shown in Fig. lb then forms on the spectrum plane 26.
A removal means 27 which removes the core part pattern 10 from the Fourier transformation pattern 5 is provided on said spectrum plane 26. The removal means 27 may be constructed from a long thin member which acts as a shield such that the core part pattern 10 shown in Fig. lb does not pass the spectrum plane 26, and it should have a shape while coincides vita the ship which covers the whole of the core part pattern 10 as shown in Fig. Ic. Thus only the surface projection pattern 11 which remains after the core part pattern 10 has boon removed from the Fourier transformation pattern 5 passes through
the spectrum plane 26.

The surface projection pattern 11 which has passed through said spectrum plane 26 is received and analyzed by means of a first light detecting means 28.
Two methods can be formulated in order to perform analysis using the first light detecting means 28. According to a first method, all of the light contained in a surface pattern region 12 which combines tlie surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie, which indicate the hairs 7a, 7b and 7c of the yarn 1 shown in Figs, lb and Ic, is received, the total quantity of light and/or the light intensity are measured by means of the first light detecting means 28, and by this means the overall state of the hairy part 7 of the yarn 1 is evaluated. To this end, the construction should be such that diffracted light in the surface pattern region 11 which has passed through the spectrum plane 26 is led directly to the first light detecting means 28, for example the first light detecting means 28 should consist of an optical sensor such as a photodiode, and a measuring means 29 which performs an A/D conversion on the output from said optical sensor and evaluates the output should be provided.
According to a second method, each of the hairs 7a, 7b and 7c indicated by the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie is measured individually by a first light detecting means 28. To this end, as shown in Fig. 2, the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie which have passed through the spectrum plane 26 should be led to a reverse Fourier transformation convex lens 30 which performs a reverse Fourier transformation, and measurement and evaluation should be performed, using the images of the hairs 7a, 7b and 7c which have
been formed by said reverse transformation as the image, by'Tireans of
the first light detecting means 28. For example, the first light

detecting means 28 may consist of an image processing means such as a CCD scanning line camera, a CCD matrix camera or a television camera, and the image may be recorded without further modification using an image recording means and evaluated digitally, and it is thus possible to evaluate the hairs 7a, 7b and 7c in detail.
The core part pattern 10 which has been removed from the abovementioned Fourier transformation pattern 5 by the removal means 27 is led by a guide means 31 in a direction refracted away from the spectrum plane 26. In the mode of embodiment shown by way of example in Fig. 2, the core part pattern 10 which has been removed is led in a perpendicular refracted angle, but this angle need not be a right angle. The guide means 31 may be constructed such that the core part pattern 10 is reflected by means of a mirror formed on the surface of said removal means 27, and it may also be constructed such that the core part pattern 10 which is incident on the removal means 27 is refracted by means of a prism.
The core part pattern 10 which has been led by means of said guide means 31 is received by a second light detecting means 32 and is analyzed.
In order to perform analysis using the second light detecting means 32, two methods can be formulated, in the same or similar way as in the first light detecting means 28 described above. According to a first method, the core part pattern 10 is received, the quantity of light and/or light intensity of the pattern 10 are measured by means of the second light detecting means 32 so that thick irregularities and/or thin irregularities, for example, of the core part 6 of the 1 are. evaluated. To this end, the construction may be such, tote the refracted light of the core part pattern 10 which has been led by

means of the guide means 31 is led directly to the second light detecting means 32, and for example the second light detecting means 32 may consist of an optical sensor such as a photodiode, and a measuring means 33 which performs an A/D conversion on the output from said optical sensor and evaluates the output may be provided.
According to a second method, the core part 6 indicated by the core part pattern 10 is measured as an image by means of the second light detecting means 32. To this end, as shown in Fig. 2, the core part pattern 10 which has been led from the guide means 31 should be led to a reverse Fourier transformation convex lens 34 which performs a reverse Fourier transformation, and measurement and evaluation should be performed by means of the second light detecting means 32, with the image of the core part 6, which has been formed by means of said reverse transformation, as the image. For example, the second light detecting means 32 may consist of an image processing means such as a CCD scanning line camera, a CCD matrix camera or a television camera, and the image may be recorded without further modification by means of an image recording means, and evaluated digitally, and it is thus possible to evaluate thick irregularities and/or thin irregularities, for example, of the core part 6.
In a first mode of embodiment of the present invention based on Fig. 2, the description outlined above indicated a construction in which the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie from the Fourier transformation pattern 5 which had passed through the spectrum plane 26 without being removed by the removal means 27 were detected by means of the first light detecting means 28, while the core-part pattern 10 which had been removed by the removal means 27 and led by the guide means 31 was detected by means of the second .

light detecting means 32, but a construction may also be used whereby the removal of the pattern is reversed. In other words it is also possible to have a construction in which the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie from the Fourier transformation pattern 5 are removed by the removal means 27, and the core part pattern 10 which passes through the spectrum plane 26 without being removed is detected by means of the first light detecting means 28, while the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie which have been removed by means of the removal means 27 are led to the second light detecting means 32 by the guide means 31. In this case the removal means 27 may comprise a shield plate provided with a slit which only allows the core part pattern 10 to be transmitted, and the guide means 31 may consist of a mirror which reflects the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie which have been received by the shield plate around said slit, in a direction refracted from the spectrum plane 26, or a prism which causes refraction.
According to the construction mentioned above, it is possible to measure simultaneously and in parallel the state of the core part 6 and the state of the hairy part 7 of a traveling yarn 1, and it is therefore possible to perform detailed measurement inspections of hairy yarn 1. In other words, it is possible to perform measurement inspections relating to the hairy part of the yarn and to perform measurement inspections relating to the core part, for example thick irregularities and/or thin irregularities of the yarn.
Furthermore, it is possible to make use of the data for the
surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie which have been detected
means of the first light detecting weans 28, and the data for the
re part pattern 10 which has been detected by the second light

detecting means 32, such that one set of data is corrected by means of the other set of data. For example, if measurement inspections are to be performed only on the hairy part 7 of the yarn then it is possible to make use of the data relating to the core part 6 which has been measured simultaneously, in order to correct the data for the hairy part 7.
In theory, when measuring the hairy part 7 of the yarn, the first light detecting means 28 receives only the surface projection pattern 11 of the Fourier transformation pattern 5, from which the core part pattern 10 has been removed, and it is therefore possible to perform accurate evaluation of the hairy part 6 by analyzing this pattern. However, in an actual device, stray light resulting from dispersed and reflected light, for example, at the lens surface of the Fourier transformation convex lens 25 passes through the spectrum plane and enters the light path formed by means of a pipe-shaped housing or the like, and there is a danger that light other than the surface projection pattern 11 will be received by the first light detecting means 28, and therefore accurate evaluation of the hairy part 7 is difficult. It is thus preferable to eradicate the effects of said stray light by correcting the data based on the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie which have been detected by means of the first light detecting means 28, using the data based on the core part pattern 10 which has been detected by means of the second light detecting means 32, and in this way it is possible to evaluate the hairy part 7 accurately.
To elaborate, provided that no light enters the device from outside, the quantity of light based on the surface projection pattern 11 which has been received by the first light detecting means 28, and_

the quantity of light based on the core part pattern 10 which has been received by the second light detecting means 32 are proportional to the thicknesses of the core part 6 and the hairy part 7 of the yarn 1, based on the total quantity of light of the two. Thus the quantity of stray light received by the first light detecting means 28 in addition to the quantity of light based on the surface projection pattern 11 is proportional to the thickness of the core part 6 of the yarn 1. Thus, by correcting the data detected by the first light detecting means 28, by means of data relating to variations in the thickness of the core part 6 detected by means of the second light detecting means 32, it is possible to evaluate the hairy part 7 accurately, without the stray light having an effect.
Such data correction can be achieved by means of the following method, for example.
If the thickness of the yarn under observation is D and the amount of hair is H, then the output signal Si from the first legit detecting means 28, which has observed the amount of hair, is expressed by the following formula (1).

Thus the output signal Si contains stray light due to the thickness D of the yarn (a , is a stray light coefficient). It should be noted that is a conversion coefficient for the conversion of the quantity of light due to the amount of hair H into an electrical output.
Meanwhile, the output signal Si from the second light detecting means observed the thickness of the yarn is expressed by the following formula (2),

The output signal Sj thus contains stray light due to the hairs H of the yarn {0 i is a stray light coefficient). It should be noted that a , is a conversion coefficient for the conversion of the amount of light due to the thickness D into an electrical output.
Furthermore, prior to observation of traveling yarn, the following data 1 and 2 are obtained as calibration data. (Calibration data 1)
Calibration data 1 are obtained by measuring a rod-shaped specimen which has no hair. The thickness of the rod-shaped specimen is Do but since there is no hair, H=0. Thus the output data Si o produced from the first light detecting means 28, and the output data Sj0 produced from the second light detecting means 32 are respectively expressed by the following formulae (3) and (4).

(Calibration data 2)
Calibration data 2 are obtained by measuring a specimen which has a constant amount of hair and which has a core part which does not vary and which is uniform. The specimen has a constant thickness Do and a constant amount of hair H « . The output data S 11 obtained from the first light detecting means 28, and the output data Sm obtained from the second light detecting means 32 are expressed respectively by means of the following formulae (5) and (6).

Thus by substituting the calibration data 1 (formulae (3) and (4)) and the calibration data 2 (formulae (5) and (6)), which were obtained as outlined above, into the observed values for the traveling yarn which have been detected by means of the first light detecting means 28 and the second light detecting means 32, in other words into the abovementioned formulae (1) and (2), it is possible to express the output Si from the first light detecting means 28 by means of the following equation (7-1), and the output Si from the second light detecting means 32 by means of the following equation (7-2). The values D/D« and H/Ho thus become clear, as shown by the following equation (7-3) and equation (7-4), and it is thus possible to eradicate the stray light due to the thickness of the yarn, which is included in the output from the first light detecting means 28, and the stray light due to the hairs, which is included in the output from the second light detecting means 32.
Equation (7-1)

Correction of the data above mentioned can be achieved easily by providing a correction means 60 such as a calculating means. Thus in the mode of embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2, a correction means 60 which corrects, based on the pattern data detected by means of the first light detecting means 29 and the pattern data detected by means of the second light detecting means 32, one set of data using the other set of data is provided.
The correction means 60 may correct the data for the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and l^-C by means of the core part pattern 10 data in order to evaluate the hairy parts 7 correctly, or conversely it may correct the data for the core part pattern 10 by means of the data for the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie in order to evaluate the core part 6 accurately.
As outlined above, in a device in which the first light detecting means 28 and the second light detecting means 32 consist of optical sensors such as photodiodes, and the light intensities of the patterns received thereby are subjected to A/D conversion and analyzed, it is possible to construct said correction means 60 using a
differential amplifier.
On the other hand, the device in which the first light

detecting means 28 and the second light detecting means 3 2 are constructed by means of an image processing means such as a CCD camera, it is possible to provide a circuit which, based on said correction means 60, corrects images whose contours have been blurred by stray light, such that the contours are sharp. Embodiment
Fig. 3 shows an embodiment based on the abovementioned first mode of embodiment. A laser output means 21 consisting of a laser diode 37 is provided on one frame 35 of a pair of frames 35 and 36 which are arranged perpendicular to each other, and a beam expander 38 with a built-in lens means 24 is attached to the tip thereof. There is provided a yarn guide (not shown) which guides yarn 1 such that it intersects a laser light beam which has been expanded, made parallel and output by means of said beam expander 38, and diffracted light which has passed the yarn 1 is reflected in a perpendicular direction by means of a mirror 39 and is guided parallel to the other frame 36.
The diffracted light which has been guided by said mirror 39 is subjected to a Fourier transformation by means of a Fourier transformation convex lens 25, A wire-shaped removal means 27 (not shown) is arranged positioned in the focal plane (spectrum plane) of said convex lens 25, and this acts as a shield such that the core part pattern 10 of the Fourier transformation pattern 4 does not pass through the spectrum plane. The remaining pattern from which the core part pattern 10 has been removed, in other words the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie, passes through the spectrum plane, then passes through a light path consisting of a first pipe member 40 and a second pipe member 4l, and reaches a light reception

surface 43 of a first light detecting means 28 which consists of a photodiode 42. A reverse Fourier transformation convex lens 30 is arranged between said first pipe member 40 and second pipe member 41, and thus the surface projection patterns 11a, lib and lie which pass through the spectrum plane reach the photodiode 42 in the form of an image of the hairy part 7. It should be noted that the quantity of light detected by the photodiode 42 is subjected to A/D conversion and is evaluated by means of a computer.
The core part pattern 10 which has been removed by the removal means 27 at the spectrum plane is guided in the direction of the light path by means of a beam sampler 45 which is provided with a prism 44, and it reaches a light reception surface 47 of a second light detecting means 32 which consists of a photodiode 46, and the quantity of light which is detected at this point is subjected to A/D conversion and is evaluated by means of a computer.
It should be noted that, although omitted from the diagram, the data based on the quantity of light detected by means of the first light detecting means 28, and the data based on the quantity of light detected by the second light detecting means 32 pass through a correction means comprising a differential amplifier, for example, as outlined above, and one set of data is corrected by means of the other set of data. Second mode of embodiment
Fig. 4 shows a second mode of embodiment of the depict: according to the present invention, and it consists of a combination of a yarn surface state measuring device 51 and a yarn core state
The yarn surface state measuring device 51 is provided with a

first laser output means 21a which irradiates laser light such that it intersects traveling yarn 1, and a first beam enlargement lens means 24a which includes a pair of lenses which expand and make parallel the laser light output from said laser output means 21a, and it irradiates the enlarged beam such that it intersects the yarn 1. Diffracted light which has passed through the yarn 1 is subjected to a Fourier transformation by means of a first Fourier transformation convex lens 25a, and a first Fourier transformation pattern is formed on a spectrum plane 26a which is positioned at the focal point of said convex lens 25a. This pattern is the same as the pattern 5 shown in Fig. lb, and contains a core part pattern 10 and a surface projection part 11 of the yarn, as outlined above.
The core part pattern 10 from said Fourier transformation pattern 5 is then removed by means of a first removal means (not shown) which is located on the spectrum plane 26a. Thus only the remaining surface projection pattern 11 passes through the spectrum plane 26a, and a first light detecting means 28a which receives the surface projection pattern 11 is provided.
If necessary, a first reverse Fourier transformation convex
lens 30a which performs a reverse Fourier transformation on the
surface projection pattern 11 which is passed through the first
removal means may be provided, and it is possible to send the surface
projection pattern 11 to the first light detecting means 28a in the
form of an image of the hairs 7. -
The first light detecting means 28a has the same construction as the first light detecting means 28 in the first mode of embodiment described with reference to Fig. 2.
The yarn core state measuring device 52 is arranged such that

it intersects said device 51 at the yarn 1 part, and is provided with a second laser output means 21b which irradiates laser light such that it intersects the yarn 1 from a different angle to that of said first laser output means 21a, and a second beam enlargement lens means 24b which includes a pair of lenses which expand and make parallel the laser light output from the second laser output means 21b. Diffracted light which has passed through the yarn 1 is subjected to a Fourier transformation by means of a second Fourier transformation convex lens 25b, and a second Fourier transformation pattern is formed on a spectrum plane 26b which is positioned at the focal point of said convex lens 25b. This pattern includes a core part pattern 10 and a surface projection pattern 11 of the yarn, as shown in Fig. lb.
The surface projection pattern 11 from said Fourier transformation pattern 5 is removed by means of a second removal means (not shown) which is provided on said spectrum plane 26b. Thus only the remaining core part pattern 10 passes through the spectrum plane 26b, and there is provided a second light detecting means 32b which receives the core part pattern 10.
If necessary, a second reverse Fourier transformation convex lens 30b which performs a reverse Fourier transformation on the core part pattern 10 which has passed through the second removal means may be provided, and it is thus possible to send the core part pattern 10 to Line second light detecting ?^.ean5 32b in the forty of an 1.'nags of the core part 6 of the yarn.
The second light detecting means 32b has the same construction —as the second light detecting means 32 in the first mode of embodiment which was described with reference to Fig. 2.

There is furthermore provided a correction means 60a which, based on the data for the surface projection pattern 11 which was detected by means of the first light detecting means 28a and the data for the core part pattern 10 which was detected by means of the second light detecting means 32b, corrects one set of data by means of the other set of data. The correction means 60a has the same construction as the correction means 60 in the first mode of embodiment which was described based on Figure 2. Mode of use of the device
Either of the first mode of embodiment and the second mode of embodiment outlined above can perform simultaneous parallel measurement of the state of the core part 6 and the state of the hairy part 7 of traveling yarn 1, and it is therefore possible to perform detailed measurement inspections of hairy yarn 1. In particular, it is possible to perform measurement inspections relating to the hairy part of the yarn, and to perform measurement inspections relating to the core part, for example thick irregularities and/or thin irregularities of the yarn.
Furthermore, if, as outlined above, correcting means 60 and 60a are provided, then it is possible, based on the pattern data detected by means of the first light detecting means 28 and 28a, and the pattern data detected by means of the second light detecting means 32 and 32b, to correct one set of data by means of the other set of data, and it is thus possible to eradicate Use eflecLs of stray light which occur within the device, and thus accurate evaluation of the core part 6 and/or the hairy part 7 is achieved.
The device of-^ho present invention is principally used for measuring varn which has hair, but its use is not limited to hairs.

and it may also be used widely in order to measure linear objects on the surface of which long thin projections are formed. Advantages of the Invention
According to the present invention it is possible to measure accurately the state of the core part 6 and the hairy part 7 of yarn individually, by employing laser light.
Furthermore, according to the present invention it is possible, based on data for the core part 6 and data for the hairy part 7, which data have been detected independently, to correct one set of data by means of the other set of data, when measuring the state of the core part 6 and/or the hairy part 7 of the yarn, and it is therefore possible to eliminate the effects of stray light and the like which occur due to lens surfaces, and to perform accurate evaluation of the core part 6 and/or the hairy part 7.

WE CLAIM :
1. A yarn measuring device comprising a laser liglit output means (21) for emitting laser liglit intersecting traveling yam (1) a Fourier transformation convex lens (25) for forming a Fourier transformation pattern, having a core part pattern and a surface projection pattern of the yam, on a spectrum plane (26) by performing a Fourier transformation of diffracted light which has passed trilogy the yam; a removal means (27) located on said spectrum plane for removing one of the core part pattern and the surface projection pattern in the Fourier transformation pattern; a first light detecting means (28) located to receive the other pattern which has passed through the spectrum plane and not removed by said removal means; a guide means (31) which leads the pattern which is removed by said removal means in a direction refracted from the spectrum plane; and a second light detecting means (32) located to receive the pattern which has been led by said guide means.
2. A yarn measuring device according to claim 1, wherein a correction means (60), based on the pattern data detected by the first light detecting means (28) and the pattern data detected by the second light detecting means (32) is provided to correct one set of data by means of the other set of data.
3. A yarn measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a
reverse Fourier transformation convex lens (30) is provided to

perform a reverse Fourier transformation on the other pattern passed through the spectrum plane and has not been removed by the removal means to form a partial image of the yam by means of said reverse transformation and detected by the first light detecting means (28)
4. A yam measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a reverse Fourier transformation convex lens (34) is provided for performing a reverse Fourier transformation on the pattern which has been led by the guide means (31), forming a partial image of the yam by means of said reverse transformation and is detected by means of the second light detecting means (32).
5. A yam measuring de\ice as claimed in claim 1, comprising a yam surface state measuring device (51) having a first laser output means (21 a) emitting laser light intersecting traveling yam (1); a first Fourier transformation convex lens (25a) forming a first Fourier transformation pattern, having a core part pattern and a surface projection pattern of the yam, on a first spectrum plane (26a) by performing a Fourier transformation on diffracted light passing through the yam; a first removal means located on said first spectrum plane for removing the core part pattern from the Fourier transformation pattern; and a first light detecting means (28a) for receiving the surface projection pattern passing through said first removal means; and a core state measuring device (52) having a second laser output means (21b) which emits laser light intersecting said yam (1) at an angle which is different from the

angle at which said first laser output means is directed; a second Fourier transformation convex lens (25b) forming a second Fourier transformation pattern, having a core part pattern and a surface projection pattern of the yam, on a second spectrum plane (26b) by performing a Fourier transformation of diffracted light passing through the yam; a second removal means located on said second spectrum plane for removing the surface projection pattern from the Fourier transformation pattern; and a second liglit detecting means (32b) for receiving the core part pattern passing through said second removal means.
6. A yarn measuring device according to claim 5, wherein a correcting means (60a) based on surface projection pattern data detected by the first light detecting means (28a) and core part pattern data detected by the second light detecting means (32b) is provided for correcting one set of data by means of the other set of data.
7. A yam measuring device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein a first reverse Fourier transformation convex lens (30a) is provided to perform a reverse Fourier transformation on the surface projection pattern passing through the first removal means, to form a yam surface projection image, by means of the abovementioned reverse transformation, and detected by the first light detecting means.

8. A yam measuring device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein
a second reverse Fourier transformation lens (30b) is provided to
perform a reverse Fourier transformation on the core part pattern
passing through the second removal means, forming a yam core
part image, by means of said reverse transformation and detected
by the second light detecting means.
9. A yam measuring device, substantially as hereinabove
described and illustrated with reference to the accompanying
drawings.

Documents:

538-mas-1996 abstract.pdf

538-mas-1996 claims.pdf

538-mas-1996 corrrespondence others.pdf

538-mas-1996 corrrespondence po.pdf

538-mas-1996 description (complete).pdf

538-mas-1996 drawings.pdf

538-mas-1996 form-1.pdf

538-mas-1996 form-26.pdf

538-mas-1996 form-4.pdf

538-mas-1996 form-9.pdf

538-mas-1996 petition.pdf

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Patent Number

193015

Indian Patent Application Number

538/MAS/1996

PG Journal Number

30/2009

Publication Date

24-Jul-2009

Grant Date

15-Mar-2005

Date of Filing

02-Apr-1996

Name of Patentee

M/S. KEISOKKI KOGYO CO., LTD

Applicant Address

NO.2-12-7, MEISHINCHO, AMAGASAKI-SHI, HYOGO-KEN,

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	KAZUHIKO OKUDA	5-10-1-808, HINOMINE, KITA-KU, KOBE-SHI, HYOGO-KEN,

PCT International Classification Number

G01N 21/89

PCT International Application Number

N/A

PCT International Filing date

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1			NA