Title of Invention	PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SACK MADE OF POLYMER TISSUE, IN PARTICULAR POLYOLEFINE TISSUE, AND SACK SO PRODUCED
Abstract	A process for welding a cover sheet onto an end surface, in particular a bottom surface, of a sack particularly having the shape of a box or a box or a right parallelepiped, wherein the cover sheet and the sack material consist of foils of fabrics made of monoaxially drawn tapes of polymer, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, particularly having a thickness of 20-80çm, preferably 30-50 çm, and wherein the fabrics are optionally coated on one or both sides with a melt consisting of thermeoplastic material, particularly polyolefine material, particularly having a thickness of 5-60 çm, characterised in that an intermediate layer made of molten polymer, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, particularly having a thiceness 5-60 çm, is introduced particularly at a temperature of 150-380¯C, preferably 230-260¯C, between the end surface, particularly the bottom surface, and the cover sheet, as well as for subsequently pressing the end surface, particularly the bettor surface, and the cover sheet together and for cooling the end or bottor surface the intermediate layer and the cover sheet to ambient temperature.

Title of Invention

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SACK MADE OF POLYMER TISSUE, IN PARTICULAR POLYOLEFINE TISSUE, AND SACK SO PRODUCED

Abstract

A process for welding a cover sheet onto an end surface, in particular a bottom surface, of a sack particularly having the shape of a box or a box or a right parallelepiped, wherein the cover sheet and the sack material consist of foils of fabrics made of monoaxially drawn tapes of polymer, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, particularly having a thickness of 20-80çm, preferably 30-50 çm, and wherein the fabrics are optionally coated on one or both sides with a melt consisting of thermeoplastic material, particularly polyolefine material, particularly having a thickness of 5-60 çm, characterised in that an intermediate layer made of molten polymer, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, particularly having a thiceness 5-60 çm, is introduced particularly at a temperature of 150-380¯C, preferably 230-260¯C, between the end surface, particularly the bottom surface, and the cover sheet, as well as for subsequently pressing the end surface, particularly the bettor surface, and the cover sheet together and for cooling the end or bottor surface the intermediate layer and the cover sheet to ambient temperature.

Full Text	This invention relates to a process for production of a sack made of fabric consisting of monoaxially drawn, desirably single-layer, tapes of polymer, in particular polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, which fabric may be coated on one or both sides with thermoplastics, in particular polyolefene, wherein the fabric is either seamless tubular fabric or flat fabric combined to form a tube, and wherein at least one end of the sack having in particular the shape of a box or right parallelepiped is formed by folding the fabric ends to a preferably rectangular bottom surface, as well as to a process for producing such a sack. A variety of sacks is used to pack goods such as bulk material. Sacks can be roughly divided into pillow- and box- or block-shaped types. A pillow shape is usually created by manufacturing the bottoms with seams. A box or block shape is created by folding and bonding the bottom. It will be appreciated that a box shape allows for optimal use of the material surface, good stackability and an improved utilization of volume due to its brick shape. There is also the quasi-box shape which is a pillow sack on one side and a box sack on the other. Typically, sacks have a capacity of 10, 25, 100, 500 and 1000 kg. Suitable materials include natural fiber fabric such as jute, paper, plastic sheets and plastic fabric; within the last decades sacks made of natural fiber fabric have been replaced by sacks made of paper and plastic sheets and plastic fabric, because these are cheaper and offer technical advantages. Paper does not have great strength. For this reason sacks often include various layers of paper, which increases material consumption. A paper sack is not watertight and partly non-resistant to chemicals. However, it can be produced at low cost and by using cheap adhesives. Plastic sheets have no great strength either and therefore require a considerable thickness of the material used. Due to their high Young's modulus (elongation capability) they are not dimensionally stable and, what is more, sensitive to heat. The sack can be readily seam welded to a pillow shape, but is it not easily bonded so as to form a box- or block-shaped sack. - 1A- Plastic fabric consisting of monoaxially drawn tapes has the highest strength and is dimensionally stable, particularly when being coated. Compared to plastic sheets material consumption is much lower, yet the load-bearing capacity is the same. Sacks made of plastic fabric are usually made in pillow shapes with seams. In order to produce a woven box sack the folded bottom is conventionally subjected to a quite elaborate bonding process by using a multi-component adhesive, since polypropylene and polyethylene materials which normally form the fabric can only be bonded with difficulty. Apart from the complex bonding process well-known adhesives have further drawbacks, such as low durability, brittleness due to temperature variations and loss of adhesiveness due to moisture. Further, these adhesives are insufficiently resistant to chemicals; typically, the material to be bonded has to undergo a surface treatment, such as corona treatment, before being bonded. Considering the fact that every year billions of sacks are produced all over the world and that the sacks produced according to state-of-the-art methods have more or less pronounced drawbacks, it becomes clear that huge economic gains could be achieved if sacks or their manufacturing processes were improved. This invention aims at providing a sack which dramatically decreases piece costs as compared to conventional sacks while maintaining their load-bearing capacity, and which has even further positive characteristics. Accordingly, this present invention provides a process for welding a cover sheet onto an end surface, in particular a bottom surface, of a sack particularly having the shape of a box or a right parallelepiped, wherein the cover sheet and the sack material consist of foils of fabrics made of monoaxially drawn tapes of polymer, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, particularly having a thickness of 20-80µm, preferably 30-50µm, and wherein the fabrics are optionally coated on one or both sides with a melt consisting of thermoplastic material, particularly polyolefine material, particularly having a thickness of 5-60 µm, characterized in that an intermediate layer made of molten polymer, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, particularly having a thickness 5-60 µm, is introduced particularly at a temperature of 150 - 380°C, preferably 230 - 260°C, between 2 the end surface, particularly the bottom surface, and the cover sheet, as well as for subsequently pressing the end surface, particularly the bottom surface, and the cover sheet together and for cooling the end or bottom surface the intermediate layer and the cover sheet to ambient temperature. This invention also provides a sack made of fabric consisting of monoxially drawn, desirably single-layer tapes of polymer, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, which fabric may be coated on one or both sides with thermoplastic material, particularly polyolefine, wherein the fabric is a seamless tubular fabric or a flat fabric combined to form a tube and at least one end of the sack having in particular the shape of a box or a right parallelepiped is formed by folding the fabric ends to a particularly rectangular bottom surface and preferably according to the process as claimed in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one end of the sack, particularly a bottom surface, is bonded, via an intermediate layer (3b, 4b; 13) particularly made of thermoplastic, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene material, and by means of heat, to a cover sheet (3; 6) made of fabric consisting of monoaxially drawn tapes of polymer, in particular polyolefine and preferably polypropylene, and in that only the external surface area of the bottom surface and the cover sheet, in particular less than 30% of the material thickness of the fabric tapes, includes disoriented polymer, in particular polyolefine and preferably polypropylene, molecules due to the heat, wherein in the rest of the material area the molecules are oriented. The sack of the present invention consists of fabric of monoazially drawn polyolefine tapes. These tapes are produced by stretching polyolefine sheets to four to ten times their original length, whereby the molecule chains in the tapes longitudinal direction are oriented and thus have a strength in this direction which is about 6 to 10 times higher compared to the original sheet. The tape width is usually about 1.5 to 10 mm and the thickness 20-80 urn. Transverse strains cleave the tapes, which is why they are woven " into circular of flat fabric made of weft and warp layers about perpendicular to each other. The fabric has uniformly high tensile strength in all directions. In order to achieve dust and moisture proofriess and to prevent the layers of tapes from sliding a 2A melt coating, which preferably consists of the same material as the tapes, can be applied to, and pressed into, the material on one or both sides thereof. The present sack can be shaped as a box or a quasi-box sack, these shapes being more favorable than pillow sacks. The present box or quasi-box sack is characterized in that at least one end of the sack, particularly a bottom surface, is bonded, via an intermediate layer particularly made of thermoplastic, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene material, and by means of heat, to a cover sheet made of fabric consisting of monoaxially drawn tapes of polymer, in particular polyolefine and preferably polypropylene, and in that only the external surface areas of the bottom surface and the cover sheet, in particular less than 30% of the material' thickness of the fabric tapes, include disoriented polymer, in particular polyolefine and preferably polypropylene, molecules due to the heat, wherein in the rest of the material area the molecules are oriented. Compared to conventional sacks the following advantages can be mentioned: Higher strength and lower material consumption compared to sacks made of paper and plastic sheets, high strength of the bottom bonding, no weak points caused by seam perforations of the fabric, water tightness and chemical resistance, low piece costs, durability since welded connections do not age or become brittle, easy disposability since the sack is exlusively made of pure polyolefine. Since this welding leads to a loss in the orientation of molecule chains to a minor extent only, the fabric strength is hardly reduced. Specific embodiments of the present sack are characterized in that the fabric parts folded to a sack end, in particular a bottom surface, do not or not substantially overlap -3- each other, and in that a separate cover sheet is provided to seal the bottom, or characterized in that the sack end, in particular the bottom surface, and the cover sheet are formed by overlapping when folding the fabric of the sack. By selecting one of these embodiments the specific characteristics of the production machine can be taken into . account. If the sack does not consist of coated tape fabric, an intermediate layer made of polyolefine melt serving as a welding agent is interposed between the bottom surface and the cover sheet, which intermediate layer may also be applied to coated fabric. Appropriately, in the case of tape fabric coated on one or both sides this coating serves as an intermediate layer between the sack end, in particular the bottom surface, and the cover sheet. In a favorable embodiment the thermoplastic material of the tape fabric coating and/or the intermediate layer is mixed with an ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymer, which decreases the melting point of the coating and increases its non-sliding characteristics. Therefore the sack of the invention can be welded and stacked with greater ease. A problem concerning box- or block-shaped sacks is that by the overlapping of fabric flaps disposed on the narrow and longitudinal sides in order to form an end surface pockets are created inwardly of the sack. They are similar to a funnel having its outlet port at the end of a longitudinal folding edge. This problem arises particularly with so-called box-valve sacks or block bottom bags, into which a muff is inserted when they are being filled. This muff is used to introduce the filler material by means of compressed air. Incoming compressed air makes the pockets at the side opposite the valve swell and become funnel-shaped, and the material, which is most oftenly powdery, is pressed out of the sack through the "funnel outlet". For reasons inherent in the manufacturing process it is not possible to weld the cover sheet precisely to the folding edge, so that in most cases a small opening remains therein. This invention also provides a solution for this problem encountered by the present sacks. In a first -4- approach there is provided at least one adhesive point or one adhesive area made of a cold-bonding agent, hot-melt-type adhesive or a thermoplastic material, in particular polyolefine, having a lower melting point than the material of the fabric or the intermediate layer at least on one side of an end surface formed by fabric flaps in an area close to, and particularly within, the common portion of the folding edge between a fabric flap disposed on the longitudinal side and one disposed on the narrow side. When the surface of the sack end is subjected to a hot-air welding process, adhesive material softens and flows into the folding edge, which tightly seals off the openings in the folding edge after the adhesive has cured. Another approach designed to prevent filler material from leaking from the openings in the folding edges is to make it impossible, or at least more difficult, for the pockets to swell and thus for a funnel to form. According to the invention this can be achieved by providing at least on one side of the end surface formed by fabric flaps at least one of the longitudinal fabric flaps with at least one opening in the area which, in its folded state, overlaps a fabric flap disposed on the narrow side. By this opening in what has become the upper flap after folding the cover sheet, after being welded on, is welded with the lower flap through the opening, thereby preventing the pocket from swelling. Another favorable embodiment of the invention which can equally prevent the pockets from swelling is characterized in that the fabric flaps disposed on the longitudinal and narrow sides and forming an end surface of the sack are at least partly welded together in the areas in which they overlap one another. This solution, however, requires a more elaborate manufacturing process, because additionally hot air needs to be blown in. Yet another embodiment of the invention is characterized in that in the areas of the end surfaces in which the pockets are formed by folding all stacked layers of fabric are bonded by means of a welding point or a welding area. The loss of orientation of molecule chains occurring in the welded area has no effect on the overall strength, since several stacked layers of fabric are bonded to each other. -5- A particularly advantageous embodiment of the present sack is characterized in that between the sack end, i.e. the end surface and the cover sheet at least one valve is provided through which the sack can be filled and which can be closed automatically by the pressure of the filler material when the sack is full. This so-called box-valve sack or block bottom bag is particularly useful for quick-filling installations, because no further operation is required for closing the filled sack. In order to prevent the valve from being partly turned inside out when the filler muff is pulled out of the sack by the increased pressure within the sack when it is being filled, whereby the sealing effect would be rendered impossible, it is appropriate to provide an opening in at least one longitudinal fabric flap involved in the formation of the surface of the sack end in the area between the inner edge of the narrow-side fabric flap and the' inner edge of the valve disposed between the narrow-side and the longitudinal flaps. Therefore it is possible to weld the upper side of the valve with the cover sheet through the openings. In the case of filled material which is transported by an air flow, for instance cement, it may be appropriate to have a perforated tape fabric, so that entrapped air can escape after the filling operation. - 6 - The process according to this invention makes it much easier and cheaper to produce the sack, because expensive adhesives and complicated bonding processes are omitted.' When bonding the bottom by means of welding the high strength of the fabric is hardly affected. Another embodiment of this process is characterized in that for the purpose of welding the cover sheet onto at least one end surface, particularly bottom surface, of a sack when using a fabric, which is coated on at least one side, for the sack and/or the cover sheet - instead of introducing molten thermoplastic material, in particular polyolefine, preferably polypropylene - the heating of the fabric coating is effected particularly by hot air until only an outer surface area plasticizes, particularly down to a penetration depth of 2 - 40 µm, particularly 3-10 µm. By directly heating and bonding fabric layers and omitting the step of extruding the intermediate layer the process can be made very efficient. With regard to carrying out the process economically it is particularly advantageous, for the purpose of welding a cover sheet onto an end surface, particularly bottom surface, of a sack, to effect the cooling and pressing steps of the end or bottom surface and the cover sheet simultaneously by means of at (east one cooled pressing element, particularly by means of a pair or rollers. -7- The intermediate layer made of molten plastic material, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, is conveniently applied through a broad-slit or fiber-extrusion die. An embodiment of the present process is characterized in that for welding the cover sheet onto an end surface, particularly bottom surface, of a sack the heating and pressing steps of the end or bottom surface and the cover sheet are effected at least by a heated roller or plate with a line or point-like surface profile. According to another embodiment of the present process the cover sheet is welded onto an end surface, particularly bottom surface, of a sack by means of friction welding. In order to reduce the melting point of the coating and to obtain a nonskid coating surface, the process according to the invention may be developped in such a way that a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate is mixed into the coating of the tape fabric and/or of the intermediate layer of thermoplastic material. Particularly in the case of box sacks or box valve sacks it may be convenient to provide, prior to the step of introducing a polymer melt between the end surface and the cover sheet, at least one opening in at least one longitudinal fabric flap in that area which, in its folded state, overlaps a fabric flap of the narrow side. In this way the upper side of the narrow-side flap is welded directly with the cover sheet, thereby preventing a funnel from being formed from fabric flaps through which filled material may escape. An embodiment of the present process which ensures the sealing of the folding edge area is characterized in that there is provided, particularly prior to folding the flaps to an end surface of the sack and at least on one side of an area close to, and in particular within, the common portion of the folding edge between a longitudinal and a narrow-side fabric flap, at least one adhesive point or adhesive area of a cold-bonding agent, hot-me!t-type adhesive or a thermoplastic material, particularly polyolefine, having a -8- lower melting point than the material of the fabric or of the intermediate layer, and in that after folding the flaps in a further step by applying heat and/or pressure the adhesive material is bonded to the longitudinal as well as the narrow-side flaps. The upper side of the narrow-side fabric flap may also be welded with the lower side of the overlying longitudinal flap by blowing in hot air between the overlapping areas of the longitudinal and narrow-side fabric flaps of an end surface of the sack and by subsequently pressing the flaps against each other so as to bond them. This embodiment of the process also ensures that the pockets formed by the folds do not swell, thereby preventing the creation of a funnel. A variant of the present process which is very useful for valve sacks is characterized in that, prior to the step of introducing molten polymer between the end surface and the cover sheet, at least one opening is formed in at least one longitudinal fabric flap involved in the formation of an end surface of the sack in an area which is defined by the inner edge of the narrow-side flap and the inner edge of a valve disposed between the narrow-side and longitudinal flaps. This makes it possible to weld the upper side of the valve and the lower side of the cover sheet, which prevents the valve from turning inside out when the filler muff is pulled out. The invention will now be described by means of examples and by referring to accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a sack according to the invention made of tubular fabric; Fig.2 shows a sack according to the invention made of flat fabric and having a longitudinal seam; Fig.3 is a plan view of the valve side having a cover sheet of the embodiment according to Fig.1; Fig.4 is a plan view of the valve side without the cover sheet of the embodiment according to Fig.2; Fig.5 is a cross-section of a sack having a cover sheet; Fig.6 is a cross-section of a sack without a cover sheet; Fig.7 is a cross-section of a sack made of tubular fabric; Fig.8 is a cross-section of a sack made of flat fabric having a longitudinal extrusion seam; Fig.8a is a cross-section of a sack having a longitudinal seam with a welded or adhered cover ribbon; Fig.9 - 12 show -9- various modes for carrying out the process of the invention; Fig. 13 presents the valve ' side of an embodiment of the sack of Fig. 1 in a partly folded state, while Figures 14 and 1 5 are additional embodiments of end surfaces of the present sack. fig.1 shows a box-shaped sack according to the invention which consists of circular fabric 1 made of monoaxially drawn polyolefine tapes, such as polypropylene or polyethylene, which have a thickness of 20 - 80 µm and a strength of several g/denier, typicaly 4 - 6,5 g/denier. The bottom surfaces of this box sack are formed by folding fabric flaps 4,4',5,5'. As indicated in the dashed lines flaps 4 and 5 overlap each other only slightly. Between the flaps 5' and 4 or 5 there is provided a valve 2 which consists of sheet-like or tubular materials such as fabrics and foils and through which the sack is filled. When the sack is filled the valve tube is closed by the pressure of the filled material against the end surface. Onto the flaps 4, 5 there is welded a cover sheet 3. The welding processes suitable for this purpose will be described later. The cover sheet 3 preferably consists of the same material as the fabric 1, with the fabric 1 and/or cover sheet 3 being optionally coated on one or both sides. The sack of the invention is particularly characterized by the fact that because the cover sheet is welded on, the molecule chains in the tapes are not oriented anymore to a minor extent only, typically down to a heat penetration depth of 2 - 40 µm, in particular 3-10 µm, so that the fabric hardly loses its strength. Fig.2 shows another embodiment of the sack of the invention. It differs from the embodiment presented in Fig.1 primarily because a flat fabric V having a longitudinal seam has been formed into a tube and the flaps 6 and 7, since they overlap each other almost entirely, serve as bottom surface and cover sheet, thereby making a separate cover sheet superfluous. The two flaps 6 and 7 are welded together according to a process of the invention. The side flaps 6' and 7' are folded in accordance with the flaps 4' and 5' of Fig.1. Between the flaps 7' and 6 or 7 there is again provided a tubular valve 2. - 10- Fig.3 is a plan view of the valve side of the sack according to Fig.1. As can be seen the side flaps 4',5' were first folded inwardly, extending to the dashed line 4",5", above therefrom a tube piece 2 as a valve is disposed on one side, extending to line 2', above therefrom the two flaps 4 and.5 were folded, and the cover sheet 3 is welded on. Fig.4 is a plan view of the valve side of the sack according to Fig.2. The side flaps 6',7' with their edges 6",7" are first folded inwardly, and above thereform the flaps 6 and 7 are folded and welded together, the flap 7 serving as bottom surface and the flap 6 as cover sheet. A valve 2 is provided between the flaps 7' and 6 or 7. Fig.5 is a longitudinal cross-section along linie V-V taken from Fig.3. This figure shows how flaps 4 and 5 and the cover sheet 3 are superimposed. Fig.6 is a longitudinal cross-section along linie VI-VI taken from Fig.4. This figure clearly shows how flaps 6 and 7 are superimposed. Figures 7, 8 and 8a show various cross-sectional shapes of the sacks according to the invention. Fig.7 presents a sack made of circular tape fabric 1, Fig. 8 presents a sack made of flat fabric V whose superimposed ends 8, 9 have been connected by a longitudinal seam and which has thus been formed into a tube, wherein the longitudinal seam may also be an extrusion seam; Fig.8a shows a sack made of flat fabric having a longitudinal seam and a cover ribbon 10 welded or adhered thereto above the superimposed ends 11, 12. Referring to Figures 9-12 various embodiments of the process of welding on the cover sheet will now be described. Fig.9 shows an embodiment wherein a cover sheet consisting of tape fabric 3a and a coating 3b made of polyolefines, such as polypropylene, is to be bonded to a sack flap - 11 - consisting of tape fabric 4a and a coating 4b of the same polyolefine material. The thickness of the tape fabrics 3a, 4a are between 40 and 160 µm, those of the coatings 3b, 4b 5 - 60 µm. For this purpose the coating sides 3b, 4b facing each other are heated down to a penetration depth of 2 - 40 µm, particularly 3-10 µm, until they plasticize and are passed between two cooled rollers 17, 1 7 as indicated by the arrows, the layers 3b, 4b being pressed with each other so that an intimate bond is created and cooling is effected at the same time by the pair of rollers 17, 17, the cooling being necessary to avoid any heat-induced damage to the tape fabric 3a, 4a. Since mainly the coating is heated, the tapes molecule chains lose their orientation to a small depth only, making sure that there is no substantial loss of strength. Fig. 10 shows yet another embodiment of the process, wherein two non-coated fabrics 3c, 4c are welded with eath other. For this purpose a layer of melt 14 coming from a broad-slit extrusion jet 16 is introduced between the tape fabric 3c, 4c. Fabrics 3c, 4c and the melt 14 usually consist of the same polyolefine material. The extrusion temperature of the melt is 1 50 - 380°C, preferably 230 - 260°C. The fabrics are passed between a pair of rollers 17, 1 7 as indicated by the arrows, thereby being pressed with the melt 14 and simultaneously cooled, so that the tapes strength is not substantially impaired. This embodiment of the process is not limited to uncoated tape fabrics but can be applied to any coated fabric, as can be seen in Fig.11, wherein a cover sheet, which consists of tape fabric 3a and a coating 3b, and a flap, which is formed by tape fabric 4a and a coating 4b, are welded with each other by introducing a melt 14 between the coated sides. By being pressed against each other the coatings 3b, 4b and the melt 14 form a homogeneous intermediate layer. Welding can also be effected by heating the fabric coating if only one fabric is coated, as indicated in Fig.12. Uncoated fabric 4c is intimately bonded, by means of heat welding, to fabric 3a having a coating 3b. - 12- The thermoplastic material, in particular polyolefine material, which forms the coating and/or the intermediate layer, may be mixed with an ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymer, which is generally known as EVA. This EVA has a lower melting point than polyethylene. By adding EVA the coating is made considerably more weldable. In addition, the coating forms a non-sliding covering by being mixed with EVA, which increases the stackability of the present sacks. In Figures 13 to 15 problems occurring with box- or block-sacks and particularly box valve sacks or block bottom bags are addressed in greater detail. Fig. 13 shows an embodiment of the sack of Fig.1 in a partly folded state. At the end of the circular fabric 1 the narrow-side fabric flaps 4',5' are already folded inwardly, and valve toil 2 is attached to the flap 5'. Conveniently, the foil 2 is attached to the flap 5' by heat welding on a rectangular surface defined by the folding edges 21, 22, the outer edge of the foil 2 and the inner edge 5" of the flap 5'. Later on in the process the longitudinal flaps 4, 5 are bent inwardly along the folding edges 21, 22, thereby also bending the sides of the foil 2 inwardly and forming the tubular valve 2. Subsequently, according to the process of the invention, a cover sheet 3 is welded onto the end surface of the sack. This manufacturing step is presented in Fig.14, which will also be described in the following. Through the tubular valve 2 a muff may be inserted in order to charge the sack with filling material. In filling installations the problem arises that because there is an excess pressure within the sack created during the filling process or because the valve is attached to the muff by heat or friction when the muff is pulled out, the part of the valve hanging loosely within the sack is turned inside out until it reaches its connection location at flap 5'. As a result the valve loses some of its sealing effect because the effective length of the valve has considerably shortened by turning the tube inside out. According to the invention the problem is solved by punching out openings 18, 18' in the area between the edge line 5" of the flap 5' and the inner edge 2' of the valve 2, so that after the flaps 4, 5 have been folded inwardly the cover sheet 3 can be welded with the upper side of the valve 2 through these openings 18, 18'. This effectively prevents - 13- the valve 2 from being pulled out together with the filling muff. The openings may have any desirable shape. For example, the opening 18 is longitudinal and the opening 18' circular in shape. With box sacks in general and valve box sacks in particular there is another undesirable effect: by folding the fabric flaps 4, 4', 5, 5' to an end surface within the sack four triangular pockets are formed which act like funnels whose outlet openings are disposed in the folding edges 21, 22. For reasons inherent in the manufacturing process it is not possible to weld the cover sheet 3 precisely to the folding edges 21, 22, so that generally at the ends of the folding edges small apertures remain open which lead into the above pockets. This has no negative effect on the bottom of the sack, since the pockets are compressed and hence sealed by the weight of the filling material. However, when filling the box valve sacks, wherein the filling material is introduced by means of compressed air through an inserted muff, the compressed air makes these pockets swell and form funnels at the side opposite the valve as it enters, and the material (mostly in powdery form) is pressed out of the sack through the "funnel outlet". In order to avoid this further openings 19, 19' in the longitudinal flaps 4, 5 are provided in an area of the flaps 4, 5 which after folding overlaps the narrow-side fabric flap 4'. When the cover sheet 3 is welded on, the flap 4' is bonded to the cover sheet 3 through these openings 19, 19'. The swelling and formation of a funnel is thus avoided. Another method, wherein powdery filled material is prevented from leaking out of the corners of the end surface of the sack, is shown in Fig.15. Again, the end surface is formed by folding the flaps 4, 4', 5 of the tubular fabric 1. The narrow-side flap 4' reaches to the edge 4" towards the center of the sack. Pockets formed by overlapping are also seen. In this embodiment of the invention the openings in the folding edges 21, 22 are closed by applying, prior to folding the flaps 4, 4', 5 into an end surface of the sack, in the common part of the folding edge 21, 22 between a longitudinal 4, 5 and a narrow-side 4' fabric flap an adhesive point or an adhesive area 20, 20' made of a cold-bonding agent, a hot-melt-type adhesive or a thermoplastic material, particularly - 14- polyolefine, having a lower melting point than the material of the fabric or of the intermediate layer, and by bonding in a further step the adhesive material 20, 20' to the longitudinal 4, 5 as well as the narrow-side 4' flap after folding the flaps by applying heat and/or pressure. It is also possible to bond the four layers of fabric, i.e. the longitudinal and the narrow-side flaps and the two flaps forming the pockets, by pressing a heated pin or a heated plate onto the outer side of an end surface of the sack and by pressing against this pin or plate a heat-resistant or Teflon-coated plate from the inner side of the sack by a welding point or a welding area. In this area of welding the molecule chains lose their orientation, but since the welding area is very small relative to the overall end surface and tour layers are bonded to each other in the welding area, there is no decrease in the overall strength of the end surface. In this way the end surfaces of the sack can be closed completely and with little effort. - 15- WE CLAIM: 1. A process for welding a cover sheet onto an end surface, in particular a bottom surface, of a sack particularly having the shape of a box or a right parallelepiped, wherein the cover sheet and the sack material consist of foils of fabrics made of monoaxially drawn tapes of polymer, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, particularly having a thickness of 20-80µm, preferably 30-50µm, and wherein the fabrics are optionally coated on one or both sides with a melt consisting of thermoplastic material, particularly polyolefine material, particularly having a thickness of 5 - 60 µm, characterized in that an intermediate layer made of molten polymer, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, particularly having a thickness 5-60 µm, is introduced particularly at a temperature of 150 - 380°C, preferably 230 - 260°C, between the end surface, particularly the bottom surface, and the cover sheet, as well as for subsequently pressing the end surface, particularly the bottom surface, and the cover sheet together and for cooling the end or bottom surface the intermediate layer and the cover sheet to ambient temperature. 2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein for the purpose of welding a cover sheet onto at least one end surface, particularly one bottom surface, of a sack when using a fabric, which is coated at least on one surface, for the sack and/or the cover sheet - instead of introducing molten thermoplastic material, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene - the fabric coating is heated particularly by means of hot air until only an outside surface area becomes plasticized, particularly down to a penetration depth of 2-40 µm, particularly 3-10 µm. 3. A process as claimed in claim 1 or 2 , wherein for welding a cover sheet onto an end surface, particularly a bottom surface, of a sack the cooling and pressing steps of the end or bottom surface and the cover sheet are effected simultaneously by means of at least one cooled pressing element, particularly a pair of rollers (17, 17). 16 4. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein for welding a cover sheet onto an end surface, particularly a bottom surface, of a sack molten plastic material, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene is introduced through a broad-slit or fiber-extrusion die (16). 5. A process as claimed in 1 or 2, wherein for welding a cover sheet onto an end surface, particularly a bottom surface, of a sack the end or bottom surface and the cover sheet are heated and pressed against each other by at least one heated roller or plate having a line or point-like surface profile. 6. A process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the welding of a cover sheet onto an end surface, particularly a bottom surface, of a sack is effected by friction welding. 7. A process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an ethylene and vinyl acetate polymer is mixed with the coating (3b, 4b) of the tape fabric and/or the intermediate layer (13) made of thermoplastic material. 8. A process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein prior to the step of introducing molten polymer between the end surface and the cover sheet at least one opening (19, 19') is provided in at least one longitudinal fabric flap (4, 5) in that area which, in its folded state, overlaps a narrow-side fabric flap (4'-5'). 9. A process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein there is provided, particularly prior to folding the flaps (4.4', 5,5') to an end surface of the sack and at least on one side of an area close to, and in particular within, the common portion of the folding edge (21, 22) between a longitudinal (4,5) and a narrow-side (4'-5') fabric flap, at least one adhesive point or adhesive area (20, 20') of a cold-bonding agent, hot-melt-type adhesive or a thermoplastic material, particularly polyolefine, having a lower melting point that the material of the fabric or of the intermediate layer, and wherein after folding the flaps in a further step by applying heat and/or pressure the adhesive material (20, 20') is bonded to the longitudinal (4,5) as well as the narrow-side (4'-5') flaps. 17 10. A process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein between the overlapping areas of the longitudinal (4,5) and narrow-side (4'-5') fabric flaps of one end surface of the sack hot air is blown in and the flaps are pressed against each other, thereby bonding them together. 11. A process as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 10, wherein the fabric flaps disposed longitudinally (4,5) and on the narrow side (4'-5') and those forming a pocket by folding are welded with each other by pressing a heated pin or a heated plate from outside the end surface of the sack against them. 12. A process as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 11, wherein prior to the step of introducing molten polymer between the end surface and the cover sheet at least one opening (18, 18') is provided in at least one longitudinal fabric flap (4,5) involved in the formation of an end surface of the sack in an area which is defined by the inner edge(5") of the narrow-side fabric (5') and the inner edge (2) of a valve disposed between the narrow-side (5') and the longitudinal (4,5) flaps. 13. A sack made of fabric consisting of monoxially drawn, desirably single-layer tapes of polymer, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, which fabric may be coated on one or both sides with thermoplastic material, particularly polyolefine, wherein the fabric is a seamless tubular fabric or a flat fabric combined to form a tube and at least one end of the sack having in particular the shape of a box or a right parallelepiped is formed by folding the fabric ends to a particularly rectangular bottom surface and preferably according to the process as claimed in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one end of the sack, particularly a bottom surface, is bonded, via an intermediate layer (3b, 4b; 13) particularly made of thermoplastic, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene material, and by means of heat, to a cover sheet (3; 6) made of fabric consisting of monoaxially drawn tapes of polymer, in particular polyolefine and preferably polypropylene, and in that only the external surface area of the bottom surface and the cover sheet, in particular less than 30% of the material thickness of the fabric tapes, 18 includes disoriented polymer, in particular polyolefine and preferably polypropylene, molecules due to the heat , wherein in the rest of the material area the molecules are oriented. 14. A sack according to claim 13, wherein the fabric parts (4,5', 5,5') folded to form an end of the sack, particularly a bottom surface, do not substantially overlap each other and a separate cover sheet (3) is provided to seal off the bottom. 15. A sack according to claim 13, wherein the end of the sack, particularly the bottom surface, and the cover sheet are formed by overlapping areas (6,6', 7,7') when folding the sack fabric. 16. A sack according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the case of uncoated tape fabric there is interposed between the end of the sack, particularly the bottom surface, and the cover sheet a layer (13) made of molten plastic material, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, as an intermediate layer. 17. A sack according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein in the case of tape fabric coated on one or both sides this coating (3b, 4b) serves as an intermediate layer between the end of the sack, in particular the bottom surface and the cover sheet. 18. A sack according to any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein an ethylene and vinyl acetate polymer is mixed with the coating (3b, 4b) of the tape fabric and/or the intermediate layer (13) made of thermoplastic material. 19. A sack according to any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein there is provided, on at least one side of one end surface formed by the fabric flaps (4,4',5,5') in an area near, particularly within, the common part of the folding edge (21,22) between a longitudinal (4,5) and a narrow-side (4'-5') fabric flap, at least one adhesive point or adhesive area (20, 20') made of a cold-bonding agent, a hot-melt-type adhesive or a thermoplastic 19 material, particularly polyolefine, having a lower melting point than the material of the fabric or the intermediate layer. 20. A sack according to any one of claims 13 to 19, wherein on at least one side of an end surface formed by fabric flaps (4,4', 5,5') at least one of the longitudinal fabric flaps (4,5) has at least one opening (19, 19') in that area which, in its folded state, overlaps a narrow-side fabric flap (4',5'). 21. A sack according to any one of claims 13 to 20, wherein the longitudinal (4,5) and narrow-side (4'-5') fabric flaps forming one end surface of the sack are at least partly welded together in those areas in which they overlap each other. 22. A sack according to any one of claims 13 to 21, wherein in the areas of the end surfaces in which the pockets are formed by folding all superimposed layers of fabric are bonded to each other by a welding point or a welding area. 23. A sack according to any of claims 13 to 22, wherein between the end of the sack, particularly the bottom surface, and the cover sheet there is provided at least one valve(2) through which the sack can be filled and which, when the sack if fall, can be closed automatically by the pressure of the filling material. 24. A sack according to claim 23, wherein there is provided ,at least one opening (18,18') in at least one longitudinal fabric flap (4,5) involved in the formation of the end surface of the sack in the area between the inner edge (5") of the narrow-side fabric flap (5') and the inner edge (2') of the valve (2) disposed between the narrow-side (5') and the longitudinal(4,5) flaps. 25. A sack according to any one of the claims 13 to 24, wherein the tape fabric is perforated. 20 26. A process for welding a cover sheet onto an end surface, substantially as herein described, particularly with reference to the accompanying drawings. 27. A sack made of fabric, substantially as herein described, particularly with reference to the accompanying drawings. 27. Dated this 17th day of April 1995. (S. CHAKRABORTY) of D. P. AHUJA & CO. APPLICANTS' AGENT A process for welding a cover sheet onto an end surface, in particular a bottom surface, of a sack particularly having the shape of a box or a box or a right parallelepiped, wherein the cover sheet and the sack material consist of foils of fabrics made of monoaxially drawn tapes of polymer, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, particularly having a thickness of 20-80çm, preferably 30-50 çm, and wherein the fabrics are optionally coated on one or both sides with a melt consisting of thermeoplastic material, particularly polyolefine material, particularly having a thickness of 5-60 çm, characterised in that an intermediate layer made of molten polymer, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, particularly having a thiceness 5-60 çm, is introduced particularly at a temperature of 150-380¯C, preferably 230-260¯C, between the end surface, particularly the bottom surface, and the cover sheet, as well as for subsequently pressing the end surface, particularly the bettor surface, and the cover sheet together and for cooling the end or bottor surface the intermediate layer and the cover sheet to ambient temperature.

Full Text

This invention relates to a process for production of a sack made of fabric consisting of monoaxially drawn, desirably single-layer, tapes of polymer, in particular polyolefine, preferably
polypropylene, which fabric may be coated on one or both sides with thermoplastics, in
particular polyolefene, wherein the fabric is either seamless tubular fabric or flat fabric
combined to form a tube, and wherein at least one end of the sack having in particular
the shape of a box or right parallelepiped is formed by folding the fabric ends to a
preferably rectangular bottom surface, as well as to a process for producing such a sack.
A variety of sacks is used to pack goods such as bulk material. Sacks can be roughly divided into pillow- and box- or block-shaped types. A pillow shape is usually created by manufacturing the bottoms with seams. A box or block shape is created by folding and bonding the bottom. It will be appreciated that a box shape allows for optimal use of the material surface, good stackability and an improved utilization of volume due to its brick shape. There is also the quasi-box shape which is a pillow sack on one side and a box sack on the other. Typically, sacks have a capacity of 10, 25, 100, 500 and 1000 kg. Suitable materials include natural fiber fabric such as jute, paper, plastic sheets and plastic fabric; within the last decades sacks made of natural fiber fabric have been replaced by sacks made of paper and plastic sheets and plastic fabric, because these are cheaper and offer technical advantages.
Paper does not have great strength. For this reason sacks often include various layers of paper, which increases material consumption. A paper sack is not watertight and partly non-resistant to chemicals. However, it can be produced at low cost and by using cheap adhesives.
Plastic sheets have no great strength either and therefore require a considerable thickness of the material used. Due to their high Young's modulus (elongation capability) they are not dimensionally stable and, what is more, sensitive to heat. The sack can be readily seam welded to a pillow shape, but is it not easily bonded so as to form a box- or block-shaped sack.
- 1A-

Plastic fabric consisting of monoaxially drawn tapes has the highest strength and is dimensionally stable, particularly when being coated. Compared to plastic sheets material consumption is much lower, yet the load-bearing capacity is the same. Sacks made of plastic fabric are usually made in pillow shapes with seams.
In order to produce a woven box sack the folded bottom is conventionally subjected to a quite elaborate bonding process by using a multi-component adhesive, since polypropylene and polyethylene materials which normally form the fabric can only be bonded with difficulty. Apart from the complex bonding process well-known adhesives have further drawbacks, such as low durability, brittleness due to temperature variations and loss of adhesiveness due to moisture. Further, these adhesives are insufficiently resistant to chemicals; typically, the material to be bonded has to undergo a surface treatment, such as corona treatment, before being bonded. Considering the fact that every year billions of sacks are produced all over the world and that the sacks produced according to state-of-the-art methods have more or less pronounced drawbacks, it becomes clear that huge economic gains could be achieved if sacks or their manufacturing processes were improved. This invention aims at providing a sack which dramatically decreases piece costs as compared to conventional sacks while maintaining their load-bearing capacity, and which has even further positive characteristics.
Accordingly, this present invention provides a process for welding a cover sheet onto an end surface, in particular a bottom surface, of a sack particularly having the shape of a box or a right parallelepiped, wherein the cover sheet and the sack material consist of foils of fabrics made of monoaxially drawn tapes of polymer, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, particularly having a thickness of 20-80µm, preferably 30-50µm, and wherein the fabrics are optionally coated on one or both sides with a melt consisting of thermoplastic material, particularly polyolefine material, particularly having a thickness of 5-60 µm, characterized in that an intermediate layer made of molten polymer, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, particularly having a thickness 5-60 µm, is introduced particularly at a temperature of 150 - 380°C, preferably 230 - 260°C, between
2

the end surface, particularly the bottom surface, and the cover sheet, as well as for subsequently pressing the end surface, particularly the bottom surface, and the cover sheet together and for cooling the end or bottom surface the intermediate layer and the cover sheet to ambient temperature.
This invention also provides a sack made of fabric consisting of monoxially drawn, desirably single-layer tapes of polymer, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, which fabric may be coated on one or both sides with thermoplastic material, particularly polyolefine, wherein the fabric is a seamless tubular fabric or a flat fabric combined to form a tube and at least one end of the sack having in particular the shape of a box or a right parallelepiped is formed by folding the fabric ends to a particularly rectangular bottom surface and preferably according to the process as claimed in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one end of the sack, particularly a bottom surface, is bonded, via an intermediate layer (3b, 4b; 13) particularly made of thermoplastic, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene material, and by means of heat, to a cover sheet (3; 6) made of fabric consisting of monoaxially drawn tapes of polymer, in particular polyolefine and preferably polypropylene, and in that only the external surface area of the bottom surface and the cover sheet, in particular less than 30% of the material thickness of the fabric tapes, includes disoriented polymer, in particular polyolefine and preferably polypropylene, molecules due to the heat, wherein in the rest of the material area the molecules are oriented.
The sack of the present invention consists of fabric of monoazially drawn polyolefine tapes. These tapes are produced by stretching polyolefine sheets to four to ten times their original length, whereby the molecule chains in the tapes longitudinal direction are oriented and thus have a strength in this direction which is about 6 to 10 times higher compared to the original sheet. The tape width is usually about 1.5 to 10 mm and the thickness 20-80 urn. Transverse strains cleave the tapes, which is why they are woven " into circular of flat fabric made of weft and warp layers about perpendicular to each other. The fabric has uniformly high tensile strength in all directions. In order to achieve dust and moisture proofriess and to prevent the layers of tapes from sliding a
2A

melt coating, which preferably consists of the same material as the tapes, can be applied to, and pressed into, the material on one or both sides thereof. The present sack can be shaped as a box or a quasi-box sack, these shapes being more favorable than pillow sacks.
The present box or quasi-box sack is characterized in that at least one end of the sack, particularly a bottom surface, is bonded, via an intermediate layer particularly made of thermoplastic, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene material, and by means of heat, to a cover sheet made of fabric consisting of monoaxially drawn tapes of polymer, in particular polyolefine and preferably polypropylene, and in that only the external surface areas of the bottom surface and the cover sheet, in particular less than 30% of the material' thickness of the fabric tapes, include disoriented polymer, in particular polyolefine and preferably polypropylene, molecules due to the heat, wherein in the rest of the material area the molecules are oriented. Compared to conventional sacks the following advantages can be mentioned:
Higher strength and lower material consumption compared to sacks made of paper and
plastic sheets,
high strength of the bottom bonding,
no weak points caused by seam perforations of the fabric,
water tightness and chemical resistance,
low piece costs,
durability since welded connections do not age or become brittle,
easy disposability since the sack is exlusively made of pure polyolefine.
Since this welding leads to a loss in the orientation of molecule chains to a minor extent only, the fabric strength is hardly reduced.
Specific embodiments of the present sack are characterized in that the fabric parts folded to a sack end, in particular a bottom surface, do not or not substantially overlap
-3-

each other, and in that a separate cover sheet is provided to seal the bottom, or characterized in that the sack end, in particular the bottom surface, and the cover sheet are formed by overlapping when folding the fabric of the sack. By selecting one of these embodiments the specific characteristics of the production machine can be taken into . account.
If the sack does not consist of coated tape fabric, an intermediate layer made of polyolefine melt serving as a welding agent is interposed between the bottom surface and the cover sheet, which intermediate layer may also be applied to coated fabric. Appropriately, in the case of tape fabric coated on one or both sides this coating serves as an intermediate layer between the sack end, in particular the bottom surface, and the cover sheet.
In a favorable embodiment the thermoplastic material of the tape fabric coating and/or the intermediate layer is mixed with an ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymer, which decreases the melting point of the coating and increases its non-sliding characteristics. Therefore the sack of the invention can be welded and stacked with greater ease.
A problem concerning box- or block-shaped sacks is that by the overlapping of fabric flaps disposed on the narrow and longitudinal sides in order to form an end surface pockets are created inwardly of the sack. They are similar to a funnel having its outlet port at the end of a longitudinal folding edge. This problem arises particularly with so-called box-valve sacks or block bottom bags, into which a muff is inserted when they are being filled. This muff is used to introduce the filler material by means of compressed air. Incoming compressed air makes the pockets at the side opposite the valve swell and become funnel-shaped, and the material, which is most oftenly powdery, is pressed out of the sack through the "funnel outlet". For reasons inherent in the manufacturing process it is not possible to weld the cover sheet precisely to the folding edge, so that in most cases a small opening remains therein. This invention also provides a solution for this problem encountered by the present sacks. In a first
-4-

approach there is provided at least one adhesive point or one adhesive area made of a cold-bonding agent, hot-melt-type adhesive or a thermoplastic material, in particular polyolefine, having a lower melting point than the material of the fabric or the intermediate layer at least on one side of an end surface formed by fabric flaps in an area close to, and particularly within, the common portion of the folding edge between a fabric flap disposed on the longitudinal side and one disposed on the narrow side. When the surface of the sack end is subjected to a hot-air welding process, adhesive material softens and flows into the folding edge, which tightly seals off the openings in the folding edge after the adhesive has cured.
Another approach designed to prevent filler material from leaking from the openings in the folding edges is to make it impossible, or at least more difficult, for the pockets to swell and thus for a funnel to form. According to the invention this can be achieved by providing at least on one side of the end surface formed by fabric flaps at least one of the longitudinal fabric flaps with at least one opening in the area which, in its folded state, overlaps a fabric flap disposed on the narrow side. By this opening in what has become the upper flap after folding the cover sheet, after being welded on, is welded with the lower flap through the opening, thereby preventing the pocket from swelling.
Another favorable embodiment of the invention which can equally prevent the pockets from swelling is characterized in that the fabric flaps disposed on the longitudinal and narrow sides and forming an end surface of the sack are at least partly welded together in the areas in which they overlap one another. This solution, however, requires a more elaborate manufacturing process, because additionally hot air needs to be blown in.
Yet another embodiment of the invention is characterized in that in the areas of the end surfaces in which the pockets are formed by folding all stacked layers of fabric are bonded by means of a welding point or a welding area. The loss of orientation of molecule chains occurring in the welded area has no effect on the overall strength, since several stacked layers of fabric are bonded to each other.
-5-

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the present sack is characterized in that between the sack end, i.e. the end surface and the cover sheet at least one valve is provided through which the sack can be filled and which can be closed automatically by the pressure of the filler material when the sack is full. This so-called box-valve sack or block bottom bag is particularly useful for quick-filling installations, because no further operation is required for closing the filled sack.
In order to prevent the valve from being partly turned inside out when the filler muff is pulled out of the sack by the increased pressure within the sack when it is being filled, whereby the sealing effect would be rendered impossible, it is appropriate to provide an opening in at least one longitudinal fabric flap involved in the formation of the surface of the sack end in the area between the inner edge of the narrow-side fabric flap and the' inner edge of the valve disposed between the narrow-side and the longitudinal flaps. Therefore it is possible to weld the upper side of the valve with the cover sheet through the openings.
In the case of filled material which is transported by an air flow, for instance cement, it may be appropriate to have a perforated tape fabric, so that entrapped air can escape
after the filling operation.
- 6 -

The process according to this invention makes it much easier and cheaper to produce the sack, because expensive adhesives and complicated bonding processes are omitted.' When bonding the bottom by means of welding the high strength of the fabric is hardly affected.
Another embodiment of this process is characterized in that for the purpose of welding the cover sheet onto at least one end surface, particularly bottom surface, of a sack when using a fabric, which is coated on at least one side, for the sack and/or the cover sheet - instead of introducing molten thermoplastic material, in particular polyolefine, preferably polypropylene - the heating of the fabric coating is effected particularly by hot air until only an outer surface area plasticizes, particularly down to a penetration depth of 2 - 40 µm, particularly 3-10 µm. By directly heating and bonding fabric layers and omitting the step of extruding the intermediate layer the process can be made very efficient.
With regard to carrying out the process economically it is particularly advantageous, for the purpose of welding a cover sheet onto an end surface, particularly bottom surface, of a sack, to effect the cooling and pressing steps of the end or bottom surface and the cover sheet simultaneously by means of at (east one cooled pressing element, particularly by means of a pair or rollers.
-7-

The intermediate layer made of molten plastic material, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, is conveniently applied through a broad-slit or fiber-extrusion die.
An embodiment of the present process is characterized in that for welding the cover sheet onto an end surface, particularly bottom surface, of a sack the heating and pressing steps of the end or bottom surface and the cover sheet are effected at least by a heated roller or plate with a line or point-like surface profile.
According to another embodiment of the present process the cover sheet is welded onto an end surface, particularly bottom surface, of a sack by means of friction welding.
In order to reduce the melting point of the coating and to obtain a nonskid coating surface, the process according to the invention may be developped in such a way that a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate is mixed into the coating of the tape fabric and/or of the intermediate layer of thermoplastic material.
Particularly in the case of box sacks or box valve sacks it may be convenient to provide, prior to the step of introducing a polymer melt between the end surface and the cover sheet, at least one opening in at least one longitudinal fabric flap in that area which, in its folded state, overlaps a fabric flap of the narrow side. In this way the upper side of the narrow-side flap is welded directly with the cover sheet, thereby preventing a funnel from being formed from fabric flaps through which filled material may escape.
An embodiment of the present process which ensures the sealing of the folding edge area is characterized in that there is provided, particularly prior to folding the flaps to an end surface of the sack and at least on one side of an area close to, and in particular within, the common portion of the folding edge between a longitudinal and a narrow-side fabric flap, at least one adhesive point or adhesive area of a cold-bonding agent, hot-me!t-type adhesive or a thermoplastic material, particularly polyolefine, having a
-8-

lower melting point than the material of the fabric or of the intermediate layer, and in that after folding the flaps in a further step by applying heat and/or pressure the adhesive material is bonded to the longitudinal as well as the narrow-side flaps.
The upper side of the narrow-side fabric flap may also be welded with the lower side of the overlying longitudinal flap by blowing in hot air between the overlapping areas of the longitudinal and narrow-side fabric flaps of an end surface of the sack and by subsequently pressing the flaps against each other so as to bond them. This embodiment of the process also ensures that the pockets formed by the folds do not swell, thereby preventing the creation of a funnel.
A variant of the present process which is very useful for valve sacks is characterized in that, prior to the step of introducing molten polymer between the end surface and the cover sheet, at least one opening is formed in at least one longitudinal fabric flap involved in the formation of an end surface of the sack in an area which is defined by the inner edge of the narrow-side flap and the inner edge of a valve disposed between the narrow-side and longitudinal flaps. This makes it possible to weld the upper side of the valve and the lower side of the cover sheet, which prevents the valve from turning inside out when the filler muff is pulled out.
The invention will now be described by means of examples and by referring to accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a sack according to the invention made of tubular fabric; Fig.2 shows a sack according to the invention made of flat fabric and having a longitudinal seam; Fig.3 is a plan view of the valve side having a cover sheet of the embodiment according to Fig.1; Fig.4 is a plan view of the valve side without the cover sheet of the embodiment according to Fig.2; Fig.5 is a cross-section of a sack having a cover sheet; Fig.6 is a cross-section of a sack without a cover sheet; Fig.7 is a cross-section of a sack made of tubular fabric; Fig.8 is a cross-section of a sack made of flat fabric having a longitudinal extrusion seam; Fig.8a is a cross-section of a sack having a longitudinal seam with a welded or adhered cover ribbon; Fig.9 - 12 show
-9-

various modes for carrying out the process of the invention; Fig. 13 presents the valve ' side of an embodiment of the sack of Fig. 1 in a partly folded state, while Figures 14 and 1 5 are additional embodiments of end surfaces of the present sack.
fig.1 shows a box-shaped sack according to the invention which consists of circular fabric 1 made of monoaxially drawn polyolefine tapes, such as polypropylene or polyethylene, which have a thickness of 20 - 80 µm and a strength of several g/denier, typicaly 4 - 6,5 g/denier. The bottom surfaces of this box sack are formed by folding fabric flaps 4,4',5,5'. As indicated in the dashed lines flaps 4 and 5 overlap each other only slightly. Between the flaps 5' and 4 or 5 there is provided a valve 2 which consists of sheet-like or tubular materials such as fabrics and foils and through which the sack is filled. When the sack is filled the valve tube is closed by the pressure of the filled material against the end surface. Onto the flaps 4, 5 there is welded a cover sheet 3. The welding processes suitable for this purpose will be described later. The cover sheet 3 preferably consists of the same material as the fabric 1, with the fabric 1 and/or cover sheet 3 being optionally coated on one or both sides. The sack of the invention is particularly characterized by the fact that because the cover sheet is welded on, the molecule chains in the tapes are not oriented anymore to a minor extent only, typically down to a heat penetration depth of 2 - 40 µm, in particular 3-10 µm, so that the fabric hardly loses its strength.
Fig.2 shows another embodiment of the sack of the invention. It differs from the embodiment presented in Fig.1 primarily because a flat fabric V having a longitudinal seam has been formed into a tube and the flaps 6 and 7, since they overlap each other almost entirely, serve as bottom surface and cover sheet, thereby making a separate cover sheet superfluous. The two flaps 6 and 7 are welded together according to a process of the invention.
The side flaps 6' and 7' are folded in accordance with the flaps 4' and 5' of Fig.1. Between the flaps 7' and 6 or 7 there is again provided a tubular valve 2.
- 10-

Fig.3 is a plan view of the valve side of the sack according to Fig.1. As can be seen the side flaps 4',5' were first folded inwardly, extending to the dashed line 4",5", above therefrom a tube piece 2 as a valve is disposed on one side, extending to line 2', above therefrom the two flaps 4 and.5 were folded, and the cover sheet 3 is welded on.
Fig.4 is a plan view of the valve side of the sack according to Fig.2. The side flaps 6',7' with their edges 6",7" are first folded inwardly, and above thereform the flaps 6 and 7 are folded and welded together, the flap 7 serving as bottom surface and the flap 6 as cover sheet. A valve 2 is provided between the flaps 7' and 6 or 7.
Fig.5 is a longitudinal cross-section along linie V-V taken from Fig.3. This figure shows how flaps 4 and 5 and the cover sheet 3 are superimposed.
Fig.6 is a longitudinal cross-section along linie VI-VI taken from Fig.4. This figure clearly shows how flaps 6 and 7 are superimposed.
Figures 7, 8 and 8a show various cross-sectional shapes of the sacks according to the invention. Fig.7 presents a sack made of circular tape fabric 1, Fig. 8 presents a sack made of flat fabric V whose superimposed ends 8, 9 have been connected by a longitudinal seam and which has thus been formed into a tube, wherein the longitudinal seam may also be an extrusion seam; Fig.8a shows a sack made of flat fabric having a longitudinal seam and a cover ribbon 10 welded or adhered thereto above the superimposed ends 11, 12.
Referring to Figures 9-12 various embodiments of the process of welding on the cover sheet will now be described.
Fig.9 shows an embodiment wherein a cover sheet consisting of tape fabric 3a and a coating 3b made of polyolefines, such as polypropylene, is to be bonded to a sack flap
- 11 -

consisting of tape fabric 4a and a coating 4b of the same polyolefine material. The thickness of the tape fabrics 3a, 4a are between 40 and 160 µm, those of the coatings 3b, 4b 5 - 60 µm. For this purpose the coating sides 3b, 4b facing each other are heated down to a penetration depth of 2 - 40 µm, particularly 3-10 µm, until they plasticize and are passed between two cooled rollers 17, 1 7 as indicated by the arrows, the layers 3b, 4b being pressed with each other so that an intimate bond is created and cooling is effected at the same time by the pair of rollers 17, 17, the cooling being necessary to avoid any heat-induced damage to the tape fabric 3a, 4a. Since mainly the coating is heated, the tapes molecule chains lose their orientation to a small depth only, making sure that there is no substantial loss of strength.
Fig. 10 shows yet another embodiment of the process, wherein two non-coated fabrics 3c, 4c are welded with eath other. For this purpose a layer of melt 14 coming from a broad-slit extrusion jet 16 is introduced between the tape fabric 3c, 4c. Fabrics 3c, 4c and the melt 14 usually consist of the same polyolefine material. The extrusion temperature of the melt is 1 50 - 380°C, preferably 230 - 260°C. The fabrics are passed between a pair of rollers 17, 1 7 as indicated by the arrows, thereby being pressed with the melt 14 and simultaneously cooled, so that the tapes strength is not substantially impaired.
This embodiment of the process is not limited to uncoated tape fabrics but can be applied to any coated fabric, as can be seen in Fig.11, wherein a cover sheet, which consists of tape fabric 3a and a coating 3b, and a flap, which is formed by tape fabric 4a and a coating 4b, are welded with each other by introducing a melt 14 between the coated sides. By being pressed against each other the coatings 3b, 4b and the melt 14 form a homogeneous intermediate layer.
Welding can also be effected by heating the fabric coating if only one fabric is coated, as indicated in Fig.12. Uncoated fabric 4c is intimately bonded, by means of heat welding, to fabric 3a having a coating 3b.
- 12-

The thermoplastic material, in particular polyolefine material, which forms the coating and/or the intermediate layer, may be mixed with an ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymer, which is generally known as EVA. This EVA has a lower melting point than polyethylene. By adding EVA the coating is made considerably more weldable. In addition, the coating forms a non-sliding covering by being mixed with EVA, which increases the stackability of the present sacks.
In Figures 13 to 15 problems occurring with box- or block-sacks and particularly box valve sacks or block bottom bags are addressed in greater detail. Fig. 13 shows an embodiment of the sack of Fig.1 in a partly folded state. At the end of the circular fabric 1 the narrow-side fabric flaps 4',5' are already folded inwardly, and valve toil 2 is attached to the flap 5'. Conveniently, the foil 2 is attached to the flap 5' by heat welding on a rectangular surface defined by the folding edges 21, 22, the outer edge of the foil 2 and the inner edge 5" of the flap 5'. Later on in the process the longitudinal flaps 4, 5 are bent inwardly along the folding edges 21, 22, thereby also bending the sides of the foil 2 inwardly and forming the tubular valve 2. Subsequently, according to the process of the invention, a cover sheet 3 is welded onto the end surface of the sack. This manufacturing step is presented in Fig.14, which will also be described in the following. Through the tubular valve 2 a muff may be inserted in order to charge the sack with filling material. In filling installations the problem arises that because there is an excess pressure within the sack created during the filling process or because the valve is attached to the muff by heat or friction when the muff is pulled out, the part of the valve hanging loosely within the sack is turned inside out until it reaches its connection location at flap 5'. As a result the valve loses some of its sealing effect because the effective length of the valve has considerably shortened by turning the tube inside out. According to the invention the problem is solved by punching out openings 18, 18' in the area between the edge line 5" of the flap 5' and the inner edge 2' of the valve 2, so that after the flaps 4, 5 have been folded inwardly the cover sheet 3 can be welded with the upper side of the valve 2 through these openings 18, 18'. This effectively prevents
- 13-

the valve 2 from being pulled out together with the filling muff. The openings may have any desirable shape. For example, the opening 18 is longitudinal and the opening 18' circular in shape.
With box sacks in general and valve box sacks in particular there is another undesirable effect: by folding the fabric flaps 4, 4', 5, 5' to an end surface within the sack four triangular pockets are formed which act like funnels whose outlet openings are disposed in the folding edges 21, 22. For reasons inherent in the manufacturing process it is not possible to weld the cover sheet 3 precisely to the folding edges 21, 22, so that generally at the ends of the folding edges small apertures remain open which lead into the above pockets. This has no negative effect on the bottom of the sack, since the pockets are compressed and hence sealed by the weight of the filling material. However, when filling the box valve sacks, wherein the filling material is introduced by means of compressed air through an inserted muff, the compressed air makes these pockets swell and form funnels at the side opposite the valve as it enters, and the material (mostly in powdery form) is pressed out of the sack through the "funnel outlet". In order to avoid this further openings 19, 19' in the longitudinal flaps 4, 5 are provided in an area of the flaps 4, 5 which after folding overlaps the narrow-side fabric flap 4'. When the cover sheet 3 is welded on, the flap 4' is bonded to the cover sheet 3 through these openings 19, 19'. The swelling and formation of a funnel is thus avoided.
Another method, wherein powdery filled material is prevented from leaking out of the corners of the end surface of the sack, is shown in Fig.15. Again, the end surface is formed by folding the flaps 4, 4', 5 of the tubular fabric 1. The narrow-side flap 4' reaches to the edge 4" towards the center of the sack. Pockets formed by overlapping are also seen. In this embodiment of the invention the openings in the folding edges 21, 22 are closed by applying, prior to folding the flaps 4, 4', 5 into an end surface of the sack, in the common part of the folding edge 21, 22 between a longitudinal 4, 5 and a narrow-side 4' fabric flap an adhesive point or an adhesive area 20, 20' made of a cold-bonding agent, a hot-melt-type adhesive or a thermoplastic material, particularly
- 14-

polyolefine, having a lower melting point than the material of the fabric or of the intermediate layer, and by bonding in a further step the adhesive material 20, 20' to the longitudinal 4, 5 as well as the narrow-side 4' flap after folding the flaps by applying heat and/or pressure. It is also possible to bond the four layers of fabric, i.e. the longitudinal and the narrow-side flaps and the two flaps forming the pockets, by pressing a heated pin or a heated plate onto the outer side of an end surface of the sack and by pressing against this pin or plate a heat-resistant or Teflon-coated plate from the inner side of the sack by a welding point or a welding area. In this area of welding the molecule chains lose their orientation, but since the welding area is very small relative to the overall end surface and tour layers are bonded to each other in the welding area, there is no decrease in the overall strength of the end surface. In this way the end surfaces of the sack can be closed completely and with little effort.
- 15-

WE CLAIM:
1. A process for welding a cover sheet onto an end surface, in particular a bottom surface, of a sack particularly having the shape of a box or a right parallelepiped, wherein the cover sheet and the sack material consist of foils of fabrics made of monoaxially drawn tapes of polymer, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, particularly having a thickness of 20-80µm, preferably 30-50µm, and wherein the fabrics are optionally coated on one or both sides with a melt consisting of thermoplastic material, particularly polyolefine material, particularly having a thickness of 5 - 60 µm, characterized in that an intermediate layer made of molten polymer, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, particularly having a thickness 5-60 µm, is introduced particularly at a temperature of 150 - 380°C, preferably 230 - 260°C, between the end surface, particularly the bottom surface, and the cover sheet, as well as for subsequently pressing the end surface, particularly the bottom surface, and the cover sheet together and for cooling the end or bottom surface the intermediate layer and the cover sheet to ambient temperature.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein for the purpose of welding a cover sheet onto at least one end surface, particularly one bottom surface, of a sack when using a fabric, which is coated at least on one surface, for the sack and/or the cover sheet - instead of introducing molten thermoplastic material, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene - the fabric coating is heated particularly by means of hot air until only an outside surface area becomes plasticized, particularly down to a penetration depth of 2-40 µm, particularly 3-10 µm.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 or 2 , wherein for welding a cover sheet onto an end surface, particularly a bottom surface, of a sack the cooling and pressing steps of the end or bottom surface and the cover sheet are effected simultaneously by means of at least one cooled pressing element, particularly a pair of rollers (17, 17).
16

4. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein for welding a cover sheet onto an end surface, particularly a bottom surface, of a sack molten plastic material, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene is introduced through a broad-slit or fiber-extrusion die (16).
5. A process as claimed in 1 or 2, wherein for welding a cover sheet onto an end surface, particularly a bottom surface, of a sack the end or bottom surface and the cover sheet are heated and pressed against each other by at least one heated roller or plate having a line or point-like surface profile.
6. A process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the welding of a cover sheet onto an end surface, particularly a bottom surface, of a sack is effected by friction welding.
7. A process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an ethylene and vinyl acetate polymer is mixed with the coating (3b, 4b) of the tape fabric and/or the intermediate layer (13) made of thermoplastic material.
8. A process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein prior to the step of introducing molten polymer between the end surface and the cover sheet at least one opening (19, 19') is provided in at least one longitudinal fabric flap (4, 5) in that area which, in its folded state, overlaps a narrow-side fabric flap (4'-5').
9. A process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein there is provided, particularly prior to folding the flaps (4.4', 5,5') to an end surface of the sack and at least on one side of an area close to, and in particular within, the common portion of the folding edge (21, 22) between a longitudinal (4,5) and a narrow-side (4'-5') fabric flap, at least one adhesive point or adhesive area (20, 20') of a cold-bonding agent, hot-melt-type adhesive or a thermoplastic material, particularly polyolefine, having a lower melting point that the material of the fabric or of the intermediate layer, and wherein after folding the flaps in a further step by applying heat and/or pressure the adhesive material (20, 20') is bonded to the longitudinal (4,5) as well as the narrow-side (4'-5') flaps.
17

10. A process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein between the overlapping areas of the longitudinal (4,5) and narrow-side (4'-5') fabric flaps of one end surface of the sack hot air is blown in and the flaps are pressed against each other, thereby bonding them together.
11. A process as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 10, wherein the fabric flaps disposed longitudinally (4,5) and on the narrow side (4'-5') and those forming a pocket by folding are welded with each other by pressing a heated pin or a heated plate from outside the end surface of the sack against them.
12. A process as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 11, wherein prior to the step of introducing molten polymer between the end surface and the cover sheet at least one opening (18, 18') is provided in at least one longitudinal fabric flap (4,5) involved in the formation of an end surface of the sack in an area which is defined by the inner edge(5") of the narrow-side fabric (5') and the inner edge (2) of a valve disposed between the narrow-side (5') and the longitudinal (4,5) flaps.
13. A sack made of fabric consisting of monoxially drawn, desirably single-layer tapes of polymer, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, which fabric may be coated on one or both sides with thermoplastic material, particularly polyolefine, wherein the fabric is a seamless tubular fabric or a flat fabric combined to form a tube and at least one end of the sack having in particular the shape of a box or a right parallelepiped is formed by folding the fabric ends to a particularly rectangular bottom surface and preferably according to the process as claimed in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one end of the sack, particularly a bottom surface, is bonded, via an intermediate layer (3b, 4b; 13) particularly made of thermoplastic, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene material, and by means of heat, to a cover sheet (3; 6) made of fabric consisting of monoaxially drawn tapes of polymer, in particular polyolefine and preferably polypropylene, and in that only the external surface area of the bottom surface and the cover sheet, in particular less than 30% of the material thickness of the fabric tapes,
18

includes disoriented polymer, in particular polyolefine and preferably polypropylene, molecules due to the heat , wherein in the rest of the material area the molecules are oriented.
14. A sack according to claim 13, wherein the fabric parts (4,5', 5,5') folded to form an end of the sack, particularly a bottom surface, do not substantially overlap each other and a separate cover sheet (3) is provided to seal off the bottom.
15. A sack according to claim 13, wherein the end of the sack, particularly the bottom surface, and the cover sheet are formed by overlapping areas (6,6', 7,7') when folding the sack fabric.
16. A sack according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the case of uncoated tape fabric there is interposed between the end of the sack, particularly the bottom surface, and the cover sheet a layer (13) made of molten plastic material, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, as an intermediate layer.
17. A sack according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein in the case of tape fabric coated on one or both sides this coating (3b, 4b) serves as an intermediate layer between the end of the sack, in particular the bottom surface and the cover sheet.
18. A sack according to any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein an ethylene and vinyl acetate polymer is mixed with the coating (3b, 4b) of the tape fabric and/or the intermediate layer (13) made of thermoplastic material.
19. A sack according to any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein there is provided, on at least one side of one end surface formed by the fabric flaps (4,4',5,5') in an area near, particularly within, the common part of the folding edge (21,22) between a longitudinal (4,5) and a narrow-side (4'-5') fabric flap, at least one adhesive point or adhesive area (20, 20') made of a cold-bonding agent, a hot-melt-type adhesive or a thermoplastic
19

material, particularly polyolefine, having a lower melting point than the material of the fabric or the intermediate layer.
20. A sack according to any one of claims 13 to 19, wherein on at least one side of an end surface formed by fabric flaps (4,4', 5,5') at least one of the longitudinal fabric flaps (4,5) has at least one opening (19, 19') in that area which, in its folded state, overlaps a narrow-side fabric flap (4',5').
21. A sack according to any one of claims 13 to 20, wherein the longitudinal (4,5) and narrow-side (4'-5') fabric flaps forming one end surface of the sack are at least partly welded together in those areas in which they overlap each other.
22. A sack according to any one of claims 13 to 21, wherein in the areas of the end surfaces in which the pockets are formed by folding all superimposed layers of fabric are bonded to each other by a welding point or a welding area.
23. A sack according to any of claims 13 to 22, wherein between the end of the sack, particularly the bottom surface, and the cover sheet there is provided at least one valve(2) through which the sack can be filled and which, when the sack if fall, can be closed automatically by the pressure of the filling material.
24. A sack according to claim 23, wherein there is provided ,at least one opening (18,18') in at least one longitudinal fabric flap (4,5) involved in the formation of the end surface of the sack in the area between the inner edge (5") of the narrow-side fabric flap (5') and the inner edge (2') of the valve (2) disposed between the narrow-side (5') and the longitudinal(4,5) flaps.
25. A sack according to any one of the claims 13 to 24, wherein the tape fabric is perforated.
20

26. A process for welding a cover sheet onto an end surface, substantially as herein described, particularly with reference to the accompanying drawings.
27. A sack made of fabric, substantially as herein described, particularly with reference to the accompanying drawings.
27.

Dated this 17th day of April 1995.

(S. CHAKRABORTY) of D. P. AHUJA & CO. APPLICANTS' AGENT

A process for welding a cover sheet onto an end surface, in particular a bottom surface, of a sack particularly having the shape of a box or a box or a right parallelepiped, wherein the cover
sheet and the sack material consist of foils of fabrics made of monoaxially drawn tapes of polymer, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, particularly having a thickness of 20-80çm, preferably 30-50 çm, and wherein the fabrics are optionally coated on one or both sides with a melt consisting of thermeoplastic material, particularly polyolefine material, particularly having a thickness of 5-60 çm, characterised in that an intermediate layer made of molten polymer, particularly polyolefine, preferably polypropylene, particularly having a thiceness 5-60 çm, is introduced particularly at a temperature of 150-380¯C, preferably 230-260¯C, between the end surface, particularly the bottom surface, and the cover sheet, as well as for subsequently pressing the end surface, particularly the bettor surface, and the cover sheet together and for cooling the end or bottor surface the intermediate layer and the cover sheet to ambient temperature.

Documents:

00403-cal-1995-abstract.pdf

00403-cal-1995-claims.pdf

00403-cal-1995-correspondence.pdf

00403-cal-1995-description(complete).pdf

00403-cal-1995-drawings.pdf

00403-cal-1995-form-1.pdf

00403-cal-1995-form-2.pdf

00403-cal-1995-others.pdf

00403-cal-1995-pa.pdf

00403-cal-1995-priority document.pdf

403-CAL-1995-(09-04-2012)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf

403-CAL-1995-(13-04-2012)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf

403-CAL-1995-(13-09-2011)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf

403-CAL-1995-(19-01-2012)-FORM 27.pdf

403-CAL-1995-(19-10-2011)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf

403-CAL-1995-(19-10-2011)-OTHERS.pdf

403-CAL-1995-(29-08-2011)-OTHERS PATENT DOCUMENTS.pdf

403-CAL-1995-CORRESPONDENCE 1.1.pdf

403-CAL-1995-CORRESPONDENCE 1.2.pdf

403-CAL-1995-CORRESPONDENCE 1.3.pdf

403-CAL-1995-CORRESPONDENCE 1.4.pdf

403-CAL-1995-CORRESPONDENCE 1.5.pdf

403-CAL-1995-CORRESPONDENCE 1.7.pdf

403-CAL-1995-CORRESPONDENCE-1.10.pdf

403-CAL-1995-CORRESPONDENCE-1.6.pdf

403-CAL-1995-CORRESPONDENCE-1.8.pdf

403-CAL-1995-CORRESPONDENCE-1.9.pdf

403-CAL-1995-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf

403-CAL-1995-FORM 27.pdf

403-CAL-1995-IPAB.pdf

403-CAL-1995-OTHERS 1.1.pdf

403-CAL-1995-OTHERS.pdf

« Previous Patent

Next Patent »

Patent Number

186931

Indian Patent Application Number

403/CAL/1995

PG Journal Number

30/2009

Publication Date

24-Jul-2009

Grant Date

09-Sep-2005

Date of Filing

17-Apr-1995

Name of Patentee

STARLINGER & CO. GESELLSCHAFT M. B. H.

Applicant Address

SONNENUHRGASSE 4, A-1060 VIENNA,

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	HUEMER FRANZ STARLINGER	SONNENUHRGASSE 4, A-1060 VIENNA

PCT International Classification Number

B65D 75/12

PCT International Application Number

N/A

PCT International Filing date

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1			NA