Title of Invention	"GATEWAY AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING INTERACTION MANAGEMENT AMONG NETWORK DEVICES IN A COMMUNICATION NETWORK"
Abstract	Systems and methods for providing interaction management to network devices in a communication network are described. A gateway may be used to implement the interaction capabilities on packet flows for IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) and multimedia domain (MMD) architectures. Interaction managers and proxy agents can be provided by the gateway, such as a service control interaction manager (SCIM). The SCIM can be a layer and manage interactions between network devices such as mobile nodes and application servers and can provide abstraction of network devices. This can allow the gateway to provide interworking between network devices and handle mobile nodes with different capabilities.

Title of Invention

"GATEWAY AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING INTERACTION MANAGEMENT AMONG NETWORK DEVICES IN A COMMUNICATION NETWORK"

Abstract

Systems and methods for providing interaction management to network devices in a communication network are described. A gateway may be used to implement the interaction capabilities on packet flows for IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) and multimedia domain (MMD) architectures. Interaction managers and proxy agents can be provided by the gateway, such as a service control interaction manager (SCIM). The SCIM can be a layer and manage interactions between network devices such as mobile nodes and application servers and can provide abstraction of network devices. This can allow the gateway to provide interworking between network devices and handle mobile nodes with different capabilities.

Full Text	PROVIDING INTERACTION MANAGEMENT FOR COMMUNICATION NETWORKS Cross Reference to Related Application [0001] This application claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/873,493, entitled "Apparatus and Method for Providing a Call Session Control Function," filed December 7, 2006, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Field of the Disclosure [0002] This disclosure relates to a system and method for providing interaction management among network devices in a communication network. Background [0003] Wireless communication systems and networks are used in connection with many applications, including, for example, satellite communications systems, portable digital assistants (PDAs), laptop computers, and cellular telephones. One significant benefit that users of such applications obtain is the ability to connect to a network (e.g., the Internet) as long as the user is within range of such a wireless communication system. [0004] Current wireless communication systems use either, or a combination of, circuit switching and packet switching in order to provide mobile data services to a mobile node. A mobile node can be a cell phone, a PDA, a Blackberry, a laptop computer with a wireless card, or any other wireless device. Generally speaking, with circuit-based approaches, wireless data is carried by a dedicated (and uninterrupted) connection between the sender and recipient of data using a physical switching path. Once the direct connection is setup, it is maintained for as long as the sender and receiver have data to exchange. The establishment of such a direct and dedicated switching path results in a fixed share of network resources being tied up until the connection is closed. When the physical connection between the sender and the receiver is no longer desired, it is torn-down and the network resources are allocated to other users as necessary. [0005] Packet-based approaches, on the other hand, do not permanently assign transmission resources to a given call, and do not require the setup and teardown of physical connections between a sender and receiver of data. In general, a data flow in packet-based approaches is "packetized," where the data is divided into separate segments of information, and each segment receives "header" information that may provide, for example, source information, destination information, information regarding the number of bits in the packet, priority information, and security information. The packets are then routed to a destination independently based on the header information. The packet flow may include a number of packets or a single packet. Services may be applied to a packet flow such as lawful interception (wire tapping), Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), and firewalls. [0006] A part of the evolution of packet based communications has been the development of IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). IMS is an architectural framework for delivering internet protocol (IP) multimedia to mobile nodes. A call session control function (CSCF) can manage much of the signaling that occurs in an IMS core. The CSCF functionality can be logically divided into three functionalities: a Proxy-CSCF (P-CSCF), an Interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF), and a Serving CSCF (S-CSCF). Additionally, the CSCF functionality is envisioned by two different groups for inclusion in two different topologies: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and CDMA 2000. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is responsible for IMS which works with GSM systems and the 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) is responsible for Multimedia Domain (MMD) which is used with CDMA systems and is based on the 3GPP IMS concept. The current IMS standards place a lot of responsibility on application servers to manage the mobile nodes requesting content and services and to communicate within certain parameters. With the fast pace of development, there are a number mobile nodes with varying capabilities as well as a number of application servers with varying capabilities and all application servers may not be fully IMS compliant. Summary of the Disclosure [0007] Systems and methods for providing interaction management among network devices in a communication network are disclosed. In some embodiments, a gateway in a communication network includes a service control interaction manager (SCIM) residing in the gateway which provides management of services and management of interactions in the communication network, a call session control function (CSCF) in communication with the SCIM and residing in the gateway, which handles session initiation protocol sessions and interworking, and a computer readable medium storing filter criteria and triggers which are used to determine service changes. [0008] In certain embodiments, an interaction management method includes receiving a message at a gateway in a communication network, analyzing the message at the gateway in a service control interaction manager (SCIM), determining if the request matches filter criteria to change a service provided to a mobile node, communicating instructions from the SCIM to a call session control function (CSCF), determining processing to perform at the gateway including interworking at the CSCF on the message, wherein the interworking is between an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network and a non-compliant network device, and receiving at the gateway a packet flow from a network device and processing the packet flow to manage service level interaction between the network device and the communication network. Brief Description of the Drawings [0009] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) architecture in accordance with certain embodiments; [0010] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a multimedia domain (MMD) architecture in accordance with certain embodiments; [0011] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating modules running on a gateway in accordance with certain embodiments; [0012] FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a gateway providing interaction management in accordance with certain embodiments; [0013] FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating provision of filter criteria in accordance with certain embodiments; [0014] FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating processing at the gateway in accordance with certain embodiments; [0015] FIG. 7 is a signaling flow illustrating interworking a call from a non-IMS domain in accordance with certain embodiments; [0016] FIG. 8 is a signaling flow illustrating interworking a call going to a non-IMS domain in accordance with certain embodiments; and [0017] FIG. 9 is a signaling flow illustrating service interaction management occurring within a gateway in accordance with certain embodiments. Detailed Description [0018] Systems and methods for providing interaction management to network devices in a communication network are disclosed in some embodiments. A gateway may be used to implement the interaction capabilities on packet flows for IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) and multimedia domain (MMD) architectures. Interaction managers and proxy agents can be provided by a combination of hardware and software. Residing within the gateway can be one or more network processing units, line cards, as well as packet and voice processing cards. In some embodiments, a service control interaction manager (SCIM) is provided. The SCIM can be a layer in some embodiments and manage interactions between the mobile nodes and application servers and can provide abstraction of network devices. [0019] The SCIM can provide abstraction of one or more mobile nodes to the network and one or more application servers, for example. This can include managing the capabilities of each mobile node and processing the packet flows or messages so that application server(s) need not consider the full range of mobile node capabilities in the provision of services and/or features. The SCIM can also provide abstraction of the application servers when features are provided to the mobile node. The SCIM and serving -call session control function (S-CSCF) can manage the application servers to provide features and services to the mobile node and provide load balancing among the application servers. SCIM can manage interaction among application servers, e.g., interact with a PRESENCE server and a Calendar server to manage presence at a particular time in the day. Some users may want to block their presence when they are in a meeting. [0020] FIG. 1 illustrates an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) where logical components of a network architecture are shown in accordance with some embodiments. The SCIM can manage interactions to and from legacy devices and IMS capable devices. FIG. 1 includes a P-CSCF 110, an I-CSCF 112, a S-CSCF 114, a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 116, a Subscriber Location Function (SLF) 118, user equipment (UE) 120, Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF) 122, Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF) 124, Media Gateway (MGW) 126, Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 128, Multimedia Resource Controller (MRFC) 130, and Multimedia Resource Function Processor (MRFP) 132. HSS 116 is a master user database that supports the S-CSCF or other network entities that handle calls and sessions. HSS 116 stores subscription-related information such as user profiles, performs user authentication and authorization, and can provide information about the physical location of the user. When multiple HSSs are used in a network a SLF 118 can be used to direct the queries to HSS 116 storing the information. Legacy signaling networks may also use the HSS for services. MRFC 130 communicates with S-CSCF 114 and controls the MRFP 132 to implement media related functions. The combination of MRFC 130 and MRFP 132 provides a source of media in the home network. BGCF 122 is a server that can route based on telephone number and is used when calling to a phone on the circuit switched network. MGCF 124 and MGW 126 are used to convert signaling from IMS to that which is appropriate for PSTN 128 circuit switched networks. The IP Multimedia Subsystem network can include application servers and other network entities that provide services to user equipment (or mobile node) 120. In some embodiments, a gateway includes P-CSCF 110,1- CSCF 112, S-CSCF 114 among other logical functions and communicates with user equipment (or mobile node) 120. [0021] FIG. 2 illustrates a Multimedia Domain (MMD) system 210 within a larger network. The MMD system 210 includes many of the same functions as the IMS system of FIG. 1, but further includes an access gateway/foreign agent 212 to communicate with access networks 214, as well as a home agent 216 to provide Mobile IP support to mobile stations 218 (or mobile node). A policy decision function (PDF), which can be included in a IMS or MMD network stores policies governing a user's session. Application servers can be included in a IMS or MMD network. Application servers such as an open systems architecture (OSA) application server 222 and SIP application server 224 provide applications such as location based services, video, email, chat, gaming, and other data and multimedia content. [0022] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 a number of functions can be included in IMS and MMD topologies. Several of these functions are used in providing, for example, voice over IP (VoIP) routing and enhanced services, such as enhanced charging, stateful firewalls, traffic performance optimization (TPO). In some embodiments, one or more of these functions can be provided by a single entity in the network such as a gateway. The IMS and MMS topologies also allow provision of applications such as VoIP, streaming video, streaming music, mutli-user gaming, location based services, and a variety of content delivered to a mobile node. [0023] FIG. 3 illustrates a control plane architecture that can be used to implement interaction management in a gateway in accordance with certain embodiments. A session manager 310 services and processes user session data flow for user equipment/mobile subscribers. Session manager 310 includes functional layers such as a system service layer 312, a call processing layer 314, and a call processing support services layer 316. In certain embodiments, SCIM can be a functional layer within the gateway. The system services layer 312 provides an interface for instructions to be passed to the session manager and the other layers. A command line interface (CLI) 318 can be provided. Network processing unit 320 can be used to provide packet flows and for other processing. The call processing layer 314 includes a service broker/Service Control Interaction Manager (SCIM) 322, a CSCF core 324 that includes an I-CSCF 326, P-CSCF 328, and S-CSCF 330, a unified message mapping interface 332, applications 334, and a SIP stack 336. In some embodiments, the CSCF core includes one of the CSCF functionalities, for example, the P-CSCF. The call processing support services layer 316 includes a variety of services such as routing and address translation service 338, subscriber management service 340, changing interface service 342, media interface service 344, QoS policy interface service 346, security interface 348, and regulatory server interface 350. [0024] Looking at the call processing layer 314, this layer includes signaling protocols and call control using universal SIP as an application program interface (API). The signaling protocols can be SIP or can be other protocols like ISUP, MGCP, or H.323. Further, the call processing layer 314 allows interworking between SIP variants and other protocols through a unified mapping interface. The unified mapping interface can convert protocol specific messages and parameters to a universal SIP like API format. SIP like messaging is used, in some embodiments, because SIP has the largest message set and can cover the possible messaging scenarios for SIP and the other protocols. The call processing layer 314 can also provide transparency to data that need not be processed by the CSCF core by placing that information into an envelope. Parameters that are not of interest can be placed in an envelope and remain unmodified. The CSCF core allows any text string as the calling and called number, and the number does not need to be restricted to an E. 164 number. The number could be, for example, an Address of Record (AoR) or any name string with a domain name. [0025] A demux manager 352 resides in the signal routing layer 354, as shown in FIG. 3. The signal routing layer 354 with the demux manager can determine where a packet flow is sent for processing. The packet flow can be sent to a process instance for further processing and/or signal handling. The demux manager can be used to analyze packet flows or traffic entering into a gateway. This analyzing may encompass packet sniffing, extracting of information from packet headers, sorting extracted information, deep packet inspection, and processing of information obtained from one or more packets. Messages analyzed by a demux manager can contain information which can be extracted (or sniffed) such as an IP- address assigned to the mobile node, a network access identifier (NAI), an international mobile subscriber identity (MSI), a mobile subscriber identification (MSID), a correlation- ID (for CDMA implementations), a user data record (UDR), event data records (EDR), a calling-station-ID, and/or any other applicable information. [0026] Service control interaction manager (SCIM) 322 can be a functional layer for enforcement of policies relating to device features and interactions between devices. Legacy mobile nodes were previously designed with the network providing the services. Session initiation protocol (SIP) enabled mobile nodes and next generation mobile nodes are designed with capabilities to handle a number of call features rather than the network. These call features can include call forwarding, hold, transfer, caller ID screening, call waiting, and three-way calling. There are also features that are controlled by the network such as multi- endpoint interaction service (users with multiple phones can have a number ring in different places depending on a criteria), call forwarding when a user has a mobile node turned off, find me/follow me service, multiparty conference, and address book management. [0027] SIP mobile nodes can complicate interaction with the network because some features are provided by the network and others are provided by the mobile node. There can also be problems with legacy mobile nodes communicating with SIP mobile nodes and using features that are to be provided by the SIP mobile nodes. Further mobile nodes can be spread across different access networks and may have totally different feature sets. For example, one phone might have video, voice, and text while another only voice and text. Further, mobile nodes from different generations (e.g., 2G, 2.5G, 3G) can have varying capabilities. Abstraction of the mobile node can ease burdens at the application server and allow for simpler programming of application servers. The SCM can present the application server with one or more mobile nodes all having the same capabilities with the SCM handling any modifications to fit the service to the particular mobile node's capabilities. [0028] In providing services to mobile nodes, the SCIM interacts with a S-CSCF. The S- CSCF can obtain the user profile from a subscriber database (e.g., HSS) during registration. This profile can be cached in the session manager or CSCF core for the registration lifetime and updated as new information is received. The user profile can include information about the user as well as any services to which the user is subscribed. The list of services applicable to a user can be included in an initial filter criteria (IFC). The initial filter criteria can be a rule set that determines when to include an application server during call processing based on a variety of matching criteria. The matching criteria can be defined in one or more service point triggers (SPT). The SCIM can analyze and provide information on the next IFC to execute for a user, and update the current IFC by allowing a new set of triggers to be added as new applications are added to the network. The SCIM can also provide a proxy function or a generic infrastructure to execute and apply new triggers during feature interaction. In some embodiments, the SCIM executes IFCs based on static information. In other embodiments, the SCIM executes IFCs based on the dynamic network conditions such as bandwidth requirement and/or local/peer node congestion. [0029] The IFC evaluation provided by the SCIM can occur as follows in some embodiments. IFC can include trigger points that identify when to start, stop, or modify a service or feature. The trigger points can include service point triggers. Service point triggers can include various conditions that are applied to messages determine if a match occurs. The IFC, trigger points, and service point triggers can be obtained from the subscriber database or from a local cache. The data obtained from the subscriber database can include the address of the application server to route a request if there is a match with a trigger condition. Service trigger data can include the following attributes priority, session case, SIP method, request URI, SIP header, and session description protocol (SDP). The priority can define the order of trigger evaluation. The session case can specify if the case is originating, terminating, or terminating unregistered. [0030] The SCIM in fulfilling and processing IFCs can monitor application service availability and can provide load balancing. This can be achieved using a number of methods such as least loaded, round robin, or a calculation based on factors such as load on the processing unit(s), number of active sessions, number of suspended sessions, outstanding requests, and round trip time. In some embodiments, this information is provided in real time or nearly real time so that a determination can be made regarding availability. An application server may not be able to provide service to another session because the application server is experiencing service congestion (e.g., the required quality of service (QoS) is not available to run the service) even though the physical server is available (i.e., the server is not experiencing network congestion). [0031] The S-CSCF can allow the mobile node to control the services in the mobile node, but will check the user's subscription to the service prior to authorizing the mobile node to control the service. For example, if the user is already in a call and is not subscribed to call waiting, the S-CSCF can reject a new incoming call to that user. [0032] SCIM 322 can also manage interactions between the mobile node and legacy application servers, which can include non-IMS compliant SIP servers. In some embodiments, the SCIM hides the details of the mobile node and the device's features from application servers and forwards the features that the mobile node can accept. In certain embodiments, a CSCF can abstract user service capability from the SIP- AS in a SCIM layer. Once the various device characteristics are known, the CSCF can understand and mediate the various device characteristics and can give an illusion to the SIP-AS that all the service users have the same capabilities. This hiding removes the need for the SIP-AS to have to control how to interact with the mobile node. For example, for a PUSH to X service, while the SIP- AS will treat all the users as if they had voice/video and text capabilities, the CSCF can make sure that the users are offered right kind of media types. PSTN Access users could be offered just 64 kbps voice or H.324M muxed media. A text device would be offered only text, while a SIP video phone could be offered all 3 media types. [0033] On the other side, if mobile node requests a service, such as streaming video, voicemail, or music, the SCIM can direct the request to a legacy non-SIP enabled application server. The SCIM takes the response from the legacy application server and performs any necessary conversions and forwards it on to the mobile node. The SCIM, in some embodiments, promotes interoperability between mobile nodes and application servers. The SCIM can relieve application servers of the burden tracking mobile node capabilities, and can extend the lifespan of legacy equipment (legacy servers or pre- IMS/MMD servers) which can continue to be used because the SCIM is managing how and what content is served to the mobile node. Further, many times these legacy application servers use competing protocols such as H.324M muxed media, direct talk, push-to-talk. The gateway can provide conversion of these competing protocols to extend services between devices that are otherwise incompatible. In some embodiments, service can be provided to an application server that does not support one or more of the SIP extension used for IMS end points to establish IMS session, for example, preconditions, update, and 100 Rel extensions. CSCF core provided interworking can be used to communicate between Internet and/or non IMS SIP application servers and clients. In some embodiments, SIP procedures are used that allow interworking towards the external client. This functionality can be provided as a back-to-back user agent (B2BUA). As a B2BUA, the CSCF core can consult the peering server's capability during the initial route lookup based on the SIP AS information in the subscriber profile, which can be cached in some embodiments. [0034] In some embodiments, a message can be sent to a mobile node to get the capabilities from the mobile node. This message can be an option message. From the information obtained from this message get the media resources. The SCIM can interact between the application servers. For example, the SCIM can send a message to a calendar application server and the calendar application server can report back the services the mobile node can receive during certain hours of the day. The SCIM can then route the call to another application server to handle the call. Additionally, this layer with a CSCF core interworking function can maintain a standard SIP interface into legacy service nodes like IVR/voice mail systems and the CSCF can proxy them and make them look like IMS SIP- ASs (proxy a ISC interface for legacy service nodes), in some embodiments. [0035] FIG. 4 illustrates a gateway providing interaction management in accordance with certain embodiments. FIG. 4 includes a mobile node 410, a mobile node 412, a radio access network (RAN) 414, a RAN 416, a gateway 418, a SIP application server 420, a legacy application server 422, and a home subscriber service (HSS) 424. Gateway 418 can include functional or logical units such as access gateway 426, SCIM 428, CSCF core 430 (which includes service point trigger (SPT) and filter criteria), application server 432, and home agent (HA)/foreign agent (FA) 434. The access gateway 426 can include one or more of the following: a packet data serving node (PDSN), a Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN), and a user plane entity (UPE), for example. SCIM 428 can overlap with CSCF core 430 to provide filter criteria and to monitor changes in service. SCIM 428 can interact with a S- CSCF (see FIG. 3) whose functionality resides in CSCF core 430 to implement monitoring of packets to match filter criteria and trigger changes in service upon a match. CSCF core 430 can also implement a P-CSCF and an I-CSCF (see FIG. 3). [0036] Gateway 418 can communicate with mobile nodes 410 and 412, SIP application server 420, legacy application server 422, and HSS 424. The mobile nodes shown can be a legacy mobile node 410 and SIP enabled mobile node 412. Gateway 418 can perform processing on packet flows to account for the lack of capabilities of a legacy mobile node 410 for services such as three way calling and video conferencing. This can free up the application server from having to perform this processing, for example, and allow the application server to send a one or more of the same packet flow for the mobile nodes to receive the service. Gateway 418 can communicate with HSS 424 to obtain subscriber information such as filter criteria and use the subscriber information to setup service point triggers in SCIM 428 and CSCF core 430, in some embodiments. [0037] Gateway 418 can also communicate with IMS application server 420 and legacy/SIP application server 422. In some embodiments, an application server 432 can be provided within gateway 418 to fulfill a service request inline with the packet flow. Application server 432 can provide functionalities with less delay than might otherwise occur when using an external application server to fulfill the request. In providing services to mobile nodes 410 and 412, gateway 418 can perform processing on packet flows to provide interworking between a legacy or non-IMS compliant application server and the network. For example, gateway 418 can extend a legacy voicemail application server to an IMS enabled mobile node. When the IMS enabled mobile node requests voicemail, gateway 418 can communicate with the legacy voicemail application server in a first protocol, perform any processing or conversion of the content and/or messaging protocol, and communicate with the IMS enabled mobile node in a second protocol. Gateway 418 can convert both the transport protocols as well as the protocol of the content, in some embodiments. The SCIM 428 along with CSCF core can arrange for the processing and conversion in the gateway in processing cards such as the packet accelerator card or packet services card described below. [0038] FIG. 5 illustrates steps for providing services at a gateway in accordance with certain embodiments. At step 510, the gateway obtains the user profile and caches the result in a local cache in the session manager. The user profile can be obtained from an external database such as a HSS by the S-CSCF functionality, and is stored in local cache. At step 512, the SCIM can load the fitler criteria from the user profile and analyze the filter criteria. The analysis can include setting up service point triggers (SPT) to trigger service changes based on matches with preset conditions. In some embodiments, service point triggers are setup in a hash hit list, so a packet information can trigger a match in the hash list. At step 514, there is a match on a service point trigger in the gateway. The match can occur in the SCIM layer. [0039] At step 516, the service provided to the mobile node is changed. The service can be terminated at 518, modified at 520, or be newly provided at 522. An example of a service change, step 520, can be adding or dropping a mobile node in a conference, or QoS changes in the provision of a service. A newly provided service can be when a subscriber selects to retrieve voicemail, and the mobile node was previously not connected to the voicemail application server. At 522, an application server is selected to provide the service, for example, services such as voicemail, website viewing, video conferencing, call forwarding, and content filtering. The application server can be selected by the SCIM alone or in combination with a S-CSCF functionality in the CSCF core. At 524, service interaction management can be provided by the SCIM between the application server and the mobile node. [0040] FIG. 6 illustrates steps for providing processing at the gateway for a mobile node in accordance with certain embodiments. At step 610, the gateway receives a request for service from a mobile node. The request can be from a mobile node dialing a service (e.g., *45 or 800-888-1234 for getting voicemail) or by selecting an icon on graphic user interface on the mobile node, which prompts a sending of the request. At 612, the gateway and more specifically the SCIM and/or CSCF core determines the capabilities of each mobile node receiving the services. In some instances all the mobile nodes may have the same capabilities so the service can be relayed from the application server without further processing. At 614, SCIM picks an application server to provide the services requested. The SCIM with the help of CSCF session and routing interface can load balance requests using a number of methods to avoid congestion or service delays. [0041] At 616, the SCIM can hide actual mobile node capabilities from the application server when requesting the service. This can involve reporting the mobile nodes as all having the same capabilities, while the mobile nodes may have varying capabilities. By not forcing the application server to provide different levels of service to mobile nodes of varying capabilities, programming for the application server can be simplified and processing burdens can be reduced. Further, legacy equipment's life span can be increased. At 618, the gateway receives a packet flow for one or more mobile nodes and processes the packet flow before sending. The processing can be directed by the SCIM and can involve protocol or format conversion, changing of media because of quality of service (QoS) or bandwidth constraints, or removing content (such as video for a non-video enabled mobile node), for example. At 620, each mobile node is provided with services appropriate for the mobile node's capabilities. [0042] FIG. 7 illustrates interworking from a non-IMS domain in accordance with certain embodiments. In FIG. 7 the interworking involves a call coming from a non-IMS domain and includes an external SIP client 710, a S-CSCF 712, a P-CSCF 714, and a mobile node 716. In step 1, an invite is sent with media information and no preconditions from the external non-IMS SIP client 710 to S-CSCF 712 which resides with the gateway. In step 2, the incite is sent to P-CSCF 714 by S-CSCF 712. In step 3, P-CSCF 714 authorizes QoS resources and sends an invite in step 4. In step 5, mobile node 716 reserves resources and sends a 180 ringing to P-CSCF 714 in step 6. The 180 ringing message is sent along to SIP client 710 in steps 7 and 8. In step 9, a 200 OK is sent to P-CSCF 714 to indicate the media is active and P-CSCF 714 commits the resources. In FIG. 7 interworking is provided between external SIP client 710 and the IMS terminating network. The external SIP client may not be able to support a number of SIP extensions required for IMS end points to set up IMS sessions, so CSCF core in the gateway can provide interworking to allow a session to be setup. Interworking to other non-IMS mobile nodes can also be provided by the gateway by providing a proxy agent within the gateway to manage interactions between the IMS network and the non-IMS mobile node. [0043] FIG. 8 illustrates interworking to a non-IMS domain in accordance with certain embodiments. FIG. 8 includes a mobile node 810, a P-CSCF 812, a S-CSCF 814, and an external SIP client 816. In 818 an invite message is sent from an IMS mobile node to S- CSCF 814 which includes information that is not supported by external SIP client 816. S- CSCF can determine that external SIP client is not within the IMS domain and modify the invite 818 to invite 820. This can allow a session setup despite incompatibility problems. S- CSCF 814 can continue to interwork modifying SIP messages in FIG. 8 between mobile node 810 and external SIP client 816. Gateway can also provide a proxy agent that can interwork between an IMS network and non-IMS domain mobile nodes. This can include non-SIP based mobile nodes. [0044] FIG. 9 illustrates service interaction provided in accordance with certain embodiments. The service interaction in FIG. 9 includes media negotiation using a service profile. FIG. 9 includes network devices such as mobile node 1 910, P-CSCF 1912, S-CSCF 1 914, S-CSCF 2 916, P-CSCF 2 918, and mobile node 2 920. S-CSCF 1 914 can determine when receiving invite message in step 4 with the SCIM to send to S-CSCF 2 916. In some embodiments, the determination made by the S-CSCF can be prompted by filter criteria. This allows the gateway to provide services without involving an external server in some cases to provide services. SCIM can provide service interaction management and S-CSCF can handle the interaction to provide capabilities on the gateway that might otherwise require an external application server. This can allow a network operator to reduce the network equipment used to provide services to subscribers and reduce operating costs. By providing the interaction management within the gateway latency and delays can also be reduced. [0045] The gateway described above is implemented in a chassis in some embodiments. This chassis can implement multiple and different integrated functionalities. In some embodiments, an access gateway, a packet data serving node (PDSN), a foreign agent (FA), or a home agent (HA) can be implemented on a chassis. Other types of functionalities can also be implemented on a chassis in other embodiments are a Gateway General packet radio service Support Node (GGSN), a serving GPRS support node (SGSN), a packet data inter- working function (PDF), an access service network gateway (ASNGW), a base station, a access network, a User Plane Entity (UPE), an IP Gateway, an access gateway, a session initiation protocol (SIP) server, a proxy-call session control, function (P-CSCF), and an interrogating-call session control function (I-CSCF). In certain embodiments, one or more of the above-mentioned other types of functionalities are integrated together or provided by the same functionality. For example, an access network can be integrated with a PDSN. A chassis can include a PDSN, a FA, a HA, a GGSN, a PDIF, an ASNGW, a UPE, an IP Gateway, an access gateway, or any other applicable access interface device. In certain embodiments, a chassis is provided by Starent Networks, Corp. of Tewksbury, Massachusetts in a ST 16 or a ST40 multimedia platform. [0046] The chassis can include slots for loading application cards and line cards. A midplane can be used in the chassis to provide intra-chassis communications, power connections, and transport paths between the various installed cards. The midplane can include buses such as a switch fabric, a control bus, a system management bus, a redundancy bus, and a time division multiplex (TDM) bus. The switch fabric is an IP-based transport path for user data throughout the chassis implemented by establishing inter-card communications between application cards and line cards. The control bus interconnects the control and management processors within the chassis. The chassis management bus provides management of system functions such as supplying power, monitoring temperatures, board status, data path errors, card resets, and other failover features. The redundancy bus provides transportation of user data and redundancy links in the event of hardware failures. The TDM bus provides support for voice services on the system. [0047] The chassis supports at least two types of application cards: a switch processor card and a packet accelerator card. The switch processor card serves as a controller of the chassis and is responsible for such things as initializing the chassis and loading software configurations onto other cards in the chassis. The packet accelerator card provides packet processing and forwarding capabilities. Each packet accelerator card is capable of supporting multiple contexts. Hardware engines can be deployed with the card to support parallel distributed processing for compression, classification traffic scheduling, forwarding, packet filtering, and statistics compilations. [0048]The packet accelerator card performs packet-processing operations through the use of control processors and a network processing unit (NPU). The network processing unit determines packet processing requirements; receives and transmits user data frames to/from various physical interfaces; makes IP forwarding decisions; implements packet filtering, flow insertion, deletion, and modification; performs traffic management and traffic engineering; modifies/adds/strips packet headers; and manages line card ports and internal packet transportation. The control processors, also located on the packet accelerator card, provide packet-based user service processing. The line cards when loaded in the chassis provide input/output connectivity and can also provide redundancy connections as well. [0049] In some embodiments, a ST40 embodiment of the chassis can support a system management card (SMC) and a packet services card (PSC). The system management card is a system control and management card for managing and controlling other cards in the chassis. The packet services card is a high-speed processing card that provides mutli- threaded point-to-point, packet data processing, and context processing capabilities, among other things. [0050] The operating system software can be based on a Linux software kernel and run specific applications in the chassis such as monitoring tasks and providing protocol stacks. The software allows chassis resources to be allocated separately for control and data paths. For example, certain packet accelerator cards can be dedicated to performing routing or security control functions, while other packet accelerator cards are dedicated to processing user session traffic. As network requirements change, hardware resources can be dynamically deployed to meet the requirements in some embodiments. The system can be virtualized to support multiple logical instances of services, such as technology functions (e.g., a PDSN, ASNGW, PDIF, HA, GGSN, or IPSG). [0051]The chassis' software can be divided into a series of tasks that perform specific functions. These tasks communicate with each other as needed to share control and data information throughout the chassis. A task is a software process that performs a specific function related to system control or session processing. Three types of tasks operate within the chassis in some embodiments: critical tasks, controller tasks, and manager tasks. The critical tasks control functions that relate to the chassis' ability to process calls such as chassis initialization, error detection, and recovery tasks. The controller tasks mask the distributed nature of the software from the user and perform tasks such as monitor the state of subordinate manager(s), provide for intra-manager communication within the same subsystem, and enable inter-subsystem communication by communicating with controller(s) belonging to other subsystems. The manager tasks can control system resources and maintain logical mappings between system resources. [0052] Individual tasks that run on processors in the application cards can be divided into subsystems. A subsystem is a software element that either performs a specific task or is a culmination of multiple other tasks. A single subsystem can include critical tasks, controller tasks, and manager tasks. Some of the subsystems that can run on a chassis include a system initiation task subsystem, a high availability task subsystem, a recovery control task subsystem, a shared configuration task subsystem, a resource management subsystem, a virtual private network subsystem, a network processing unit subsystem, a card/slot/port subsystem, and a session subsystem. [0053] The system initiation task subsystem is responsible for starting a set of initial tasks at system startup and providing individual tasks as needed. The high availability task subsystem works in conjunction with the recovery control task subsystem to maintain the operational state of the chassis by monitoring the various software and hardware components of the chassis. Recovery control task subsystem is responsible for executing a recovery action for failures that occur in the chassis and receives recovery actions from the high availability task subsystem. Shared configuration task subsystem provides the chassis with an ability to set, retrieve, and receive notification of chassis configuration parameter changes and is responsible for storing configuration data for the applications running within the chassis. Resource management subsystem is responsible for assigning resources (e.g., processor and memory capabilities) to tasks and for monitoring the task's use of the resources. [0054] Virtual private network (VPN) subsystem manages the administrative and operational aspects of VPN-related entities in the chassis, which include creating separate VPN contexts, starting IP services within a VPN context, managing IP pools and subscriber IP addresses, and distributing the IP flow information within a VPN context. In some embodiments, within the chassis, IP operations are done within specific VPN contexts. The network processing unit subsystem is responsible for many of the functions listed above for the network processing unit. The card/slot/port subsystem is responsible for coordinating the events that occur relating to card activity such as discovery and configuration of ports on newly inserted cards and determining how line cards map to application cards. The session subsystem is responsible for processing and monitoring a mobile subscriber's data flows in some embodiments. Session processing tasks for mobile data communications include: A10/A11 termination for CDMA networks, GSM tunneling protocol termination for GPRS and/or UMTS networks, asynchronous PPP processing, packet filtering, packet scheduling, Difserv codepoint marking, statistics gathering, IP forwarding, and AAA services, for example. Responsibility for each of these items can be distributed across subordinate tasks (called managers) to provide for more efficient processing and greater redundancy. A separate session controller task serves as an integrated control node to regulate and monitor the managers and to communicate with the other active subsystem. The session subsystem also manages specialized user data processing such as payload transformation, filtering, statistics collection, policing, and scheduling. [0055] In some embodiments, the software needed for implementing a process or a database includes a high level procedural or an object-orientated language such as C, C++, C#, Java, or Perl. The software may also be implemented in assembly language if desired. Packet processing implemented in a chassis can include any processing determined by the context. For example, packet processing may involve high-level data link control (HDLC) framing, header compression, and/or encryption. In certain embodiments, the software is stored on a storage medium or device such as read-only memory (ROM), programmable- read-only memory (PROM), electrically erasable programmable-read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, or a magnetic disk that is readable by a general or special purpose-processing unit to perform the processes described in this document. [0056] Although the present invention has been described and illustrated in the foregoing embodiments, it is understood that the present disclosure has been made only by way of example, and that numerous changes in the details of implementation of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is limited only by the claims which follow. We claim: 1. A gateway in a communication network comprising: a service control interaction manager (SCIM) residing in the gateway which provides management of services and management of interactions in the communication network; a call session control function (CSCF) in communication with the SCIM and residing in the gateway, which handles session initiation protocol sessions and interworking; and a computer readable medium storing filter criteria and triggers which are used to determine service changes. 2. The gateway of claim 1, wherein the interworking is between an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network and a non-compliant IMS mobile node. 3. The gateway of claim 1, wherein the interworking is between an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network and a non-compliant IMS application server. 4. An interaction management method comprising: receiving a message at a gateway in a communication network; analyzing the message at the gateway in a service control interaction manager (SCIM); determining if the request matches filter criteria to change a service provided to a mobile node; communicating instructions from the SCIM to a call session control function (CSCF); determining processing to perform at the gateway including interworking at the CSCF on the message, wherein the interworking is between an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network and a non-compliant network device; and receiving at the gateway a packet flow from a network device and processing the packet flow to manage service level interaction between the network device and the communication network. 5. The method of claim 5, further comprising: selecting an application server using a method of load balancing at the gateway; and managing interaction with the selected application servers. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising interacting with a PRESENCE server and a calendar server to manage presence at a particular time in the day. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising: determining the capabilities of the network device, wherein the network device is a mobile node; processing a packet flow destined for the mobile node to modify the packet flow to meet the capabilities of the mobile node. 8. The method of claim 5, further comprising: determining the capabilities of the network device, wherein the network device is a legacy application server; processing a packet flow from the legacy application server to provide interworking between the legacy application server and a mobile node. Systems and methods for providing interaction management to network devices in a communication network are described. A gateway may be used to implement the interaction capabilities on packet flows for IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) and multimedia domain (MMD) architectures. Interaction managers and proxy agents can be provided by the gateway, such as a service control interaction manager (SCIM). The SCIM can be a layer and manage interactions between network devices such as mobile nodes and application servers and can provide abstraction of network devices. This can allow the gateway to provide interworking between network devices and handle mobile nodes with different capabilities.

Full Text

PROVIDING INTERACTION MANAGEMENT FOR COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Cross Reference to Related Application
[0001] This application claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent
Application No. 60/873,493, entitled "Apparatus and Method for Providing a Call Session
Control Function," filed December 7, 2006, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein
in its entirety.
Field of the Disclosure
[0002] This disclosure relates to a system and method for providing interaction
management among network devices in a communication network.
Background
[0003] Wireless communication systems and networks are used in connection with many
applications, including, for example, satellite communications systems, portable digital
assistants (PDAs), laptop computers, and cellular telephones. One significant benefit that
users of such applications obtain is the ability to connect to a network (e.g., the Internet) as
long as the user is within range of such a wireless communication system.
[0004] Current wireless communication systems use either, or a combination of, circuit
switching and packet switching in order to provide mobile data services to a mobile node. A
mobile node can be a cell phone, a PDA, a Blackberry, a laptop computer with a wireless
card, or any other wireless device. Generally speaking, with circuit-based approaches,
wireless data is carried by a dedicated (and uninterrupted) connection between the sender and
recipient of data using a physical switching path. Once the direct connection is setup, it is
maintained for as long as the sender and receiver have data to exchange. The establishment
of such a direct and dedicated switching path results in a fixed share of network resources
being tied up until the connection is closed. When the physical connection between the
sender and the receiver is no longer desired, it is torn-down and the network resources are
allocated to other users as necessary.
[0005] Packet-based approaches, on the other hand, do not permanently assign
transmission resources to a given call, and do not require the setup and teardown of physical
connections between a sender and receiver of data. In general, a data flow in packet-based

approaches is "packetized," where the data is divided into separate segments of information,
and each segment receives "header" information that may provide, for example, source
information, destination information, information regarding the number of bits in the packet,
priority information, and security information. The packets are then routed to a destination
independently based on the header information. The packet flow may include a number of
packets or a single packet. Services may be applied to a packet flow such as lawful
interception (wire tapping), Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), and firewalls.
[0006] A part of the evolution of packet based communications has been the development
of IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). IMS is an architectural framework for delivering
internet protocol (IP) multimedia to mobile nodes. A call session control function (CSCF)
can manage much of the signaling that occurs in an IMS core. The CSCF functionality can
be logically divided into three functionalities: a Proxy-CSCF (P-CSCF), an Interrogating
CSCF (I-CSCF), and a Serving CSCF (S-CSCF). Additionally, the CSCF functionality is
envisioned by two different groups for inclusion in two different topologies: Global System
for Mobile Communications (GSM) and CDMA 2000. The 3rd Generation Partnership
Project (3GPP) is responsible for IMS which works with GSM systems and the 3rd
Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) is responsible for Multimedia Domain (MMD)
which is used with CDMA systems and is based on the 3GPP IMS concept. The current IMS
standards place a lot of responsibility on application servers to manage the mobile nodes
requesting content and services and to communicate within certain parameters. With the fast
pace of development, there are a number mobile nodes with varying capabilities as well as a
number of application servers with varying capabilities and all application servers may not be
fully IMS compliant.
Summary of the Disclosure
[0007] Systems and methods for providing interaction management among network
devices in a communication network are disclosed. In some embodiments, a gateway in a
communication network includes a service control interaction manager (SCIM) residing in
the gateway which provides management of services and management of interactions in the
communication network, a call session control function (CSCF) in communication with the
SCIM and residing in the gateway, which handles session initiation protocol sessions and
interworking, and a computer readable medium storing filter criteria and triggers which are
used to determine service changes.

[0008] In certain embodiments, an interaction management method includes receiving a
message at a gateway in a communication network, analyzing the message at the gateway in a
service control interaction manager (SCIM), determining if the request matches filter criteria
to change a service provided to a mobile node, communicating instructions from the SCIM to
a call session control function (CSCF), determining processing to perform at the gateway
including interworking at the CSCF on the message, wherein the interworking is between an
IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network and a non-compliant network device, and receiving
at the gateway a packet flow from a network device and processing the packet flow to
manage service level interaction between the network device and the communication
network.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0009] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS)
architecture in accordance with certain embodiments;
[0010] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a multimedia domain (MMD) architecture in
accordance with certain embodiments;
[0011] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating modules running on a gateway in accordance
with certain embodiments;
[0012] FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a gateway providing interaction management
in accordance with certain embodiments;
[0013] FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating provision of filter criteria in accordance with
certain embodiments;
[0014] FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating processing at the gateway in accordance with
certain embodiments;
[0015] FIG. 7 is a signaling flow illustrating interworking a call from a non-IMS domain
in accordance with certain embodiments;
[0016] FIG. 8 is a signaling flow illustrating interworking a call going to a non-IMS
domain in accordance with certain embodiments; and
[0017] FIG. 9 is a signaling flow illustrating service interaction management occurring
within a gateway in accordance with certain embodiments.
Detailed Description

[0018] Systems and methods for providing interaction management to network devices in
a communication network are disclosed in some embodiments. A gateway may be used to
implement the interaction capabilities on packet flows for IP multimedia subsystem (IMS)
and multimedia domain (MMD) architectures. Interaction managers and proxy agents can be
provided by a combination of hardware and software. Residing within the gateway can be
one or more network processing units, line cards, as well as packet and voice processing
cards. In some embodiments, a service control interaction manager (SCIM) is provided. The
SCIM can be a layer in some embodiments and manage interactions between the mobile
nodes and application servers and can provide abstraction of network devices.
[0019] The SCIM can provide abstraction of one or more mobile nodes to the network
and one or more application servers, for example. This can include managing the capabilities
of each mobile node and processing the packet flows or messages so that application server(s)
need not consider the full range of mobile node capabilities in the provision of services
and/or features. The SCIM can also provide abstraction of the application servers when
features are provided to the mobile node. The SCIM and serving -call session control
function (S-CSCF) can manage the application servers to provide features and services to the
mobile node and provide load balancing among the application servers. SCIM can manage
interaction among application servers, e.g., interact with a PRESENCE server and a Calendar
server to manage presence at a particular time in the day. Some users may want to block
their presence when they are in a meeting.
[0020] FIG. 1 illustrates an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) where logical components of
a network architecture are shown in accordance with some embodiments. The SCIM can
manage interactions to and from legacy devices and IMS capable devices. FIG. 1 includes a
P-CSCF 110, an I-CSCF 112, a S-CSCF 114, a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 116, a
Subscriber Location Function (SLF) 118, user equipment (UE) 120, Breakout Gateway
Control Function (BGCF) 122, Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF) 124, Media
Gateway (MGW) 126, Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 128, Multimedia
Resource Controller (MRFC) 130, and Multimedia Resource Function Processor (MRFP)
132. HSS 116 is a master user database that supports the S-CSCF or other network entities
that handle calls and sessions. HSS 116 stores subscription-related information such as user
profiles, performs user authentication and authorization, and can provide information about
the physical location of the user. When multiple HSSs are used in a network a SLF 118 can
be used to direct the queries to HSS 116 storing the information. Legacy signaling networks

may also use the HSS for services. MRFC 130 communicates with S-CSCF 114 and controls
the MRFP 132 to implement media related functions. The combination of MRFC 130 and
MRFP 132 provides a source of media in the home network. BGCF 122 is a server that can
route based on telephone number and is used when calling to a phone on the circuit switched
network. MGCF 124 and MGW 126 are used to convert signaling from IMS to that which is
appropriate for PSTN 128 circuit switched networks. The IP Multimedia Subsystem network
can include application servers and other network entities that provide services to user
equipment (or mobile node) 120. In some embodiments, a gateway includes P-CSCF 110,1-
CSCF 112, S-CSCF 114 among other logical functions and communicates with user
equipment (or mobile node) 120.
[0021] FIG. 2 illustrates a Multimedia Domain (MMD) system 210 within a larger
network. The MMD system 210 includes many of the same functions as the IMS system of
FIG. 1, but further includes an access gateway/foreign agent 212 to communicate with access
networks 214, as well as a home agent 216 to provide Mobile IP support to mobile stations
218 (or mobile node). A policy decision function (PDF), which can be included in a IMS or
MMD network stores policies governing a user's session. Application servers can be
included in a IMS or MMD network. Application servers such as an open systems
architecture (OSA) application server 222 and SIP application server 224 provide
applications such as location based services, video, email, chat, gaming, and other data and
multimedia content.
[0022] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 a number of functions can be included in IMS and
MMD topologies. Several of these functions are used in providing, for example, voice over
IP (VoIP) routing and enhanced services, such as enhanced charging, stateful firewalls, traffic
performance optimization (TPO). In some embodiments, one or more of these functions can
be provided by a single entity in the network such as a gateway. The IMS and MMS
topologies also allow provision of applications such as VoIP, streaming video, streaming
music, mutli-user gaming, location based services, and a variety of content delivered to a
mobile node.
[0023] FIG. 3 illustrates a control plane architecture that can be used to implement
interaction management in a gateway in accordance with certain embodiments. A session
manager 310 services and processes user session data flow for user equipment/mobile
subscribers. Session manager 310 includes functional layers such as a system service layer
312, a call processing layer 314, and a call processing support services layer 316. In certain

embodiments, SCIM can be a functional layer within the gateway. The system services layer
312 provides an interface for instructions to be passed to the session manager and the other
layers. A command line interface (CLI) 318 can be provided. Network processing unit 320
can be used to provide packet flows and for other processing. The call processing layer 314
includes a service broker/Service Control Interaction Manager (SCIM) 322, a CSCF core 324
that includes an I-CSCF 326, P-CSCF 328, and S-CSCF 330, a unified message mapping
interface 332, applications 334, and a SIP stack 336. In some embodiments, the CSCF core
includes one of the CSCF functionalities, for example, the P-CSCF. The call processing
support services layer 316 includes a variety of services such as routing and address
translation service 338, subscriber management service 340, changing interface service 342,
media interface service 344, QoS policy interface service 346, security interface 348, and
regulatory server interface 350.
[0024] Looking at the call processing layer 314, this layer includes signaling protocols
and call control using universal SIP as an application program interface (API). The signaling
protocols can be SIP or can be other protocols like ISUP, MGCP, or H.323. Further, the call
processing layer 314 allows interworking between SIP variants and other protocols through a
unified mapping interface. The unified mapping interface can convert protocol specific
messages and parameters to a universal SIP like API format. SIP like messaging is used, in
some embodiments, because SIP has the largest message set and can cover the possible
messaging scenarios for SIP and the other protocols. The call processing layer 314 can also
provide transparency to data that need not be processed by the CSCF core by placing that
information into an envelope. Parameters that are not of interest can be placed in an envelope
and remain unmodified. The CSCF core allows any text string as the calling and called
number, and the number does not need to be restricted to an E. 164 number. The number
could be, for example, an Address of Record (AoR) or any name string with a domain name.
[0025] A demux manager 352 resides in the signal routing layer 354, as shown in FIG. 3.
The signal routing layer 354 with the demux manager can determine where a packet flow is
sent for processing. The packet flow can be sent to a process instance for further processing
and/or signal handling. The demux manager can be used to analyze packet flows or traffic
entering into a gateway. This analyzing may encompass packet sniffing, extracting of
information from packet headers, sorting extracted information, deep packet inspection, and
processing of information obtained from one or more packets. Messages analyzed by a
demux manager can contain information which can be extracted (or sniffed) such as an IP-

address assigned to the mobile node, a network access identifier (NAI), an international
mobile subscriber identity (MSI), a mobile subscriber identification (MSID), a correlation-
ID (for CDMA implementations), a user data record (UDR), event data records (EDR), a
calling-station-ID, and/or any other applicable information.
[0026] Service control interaction manager (SCIM) 322 can be a functional layer for
enforcement of policies relating to device features and interactions between devices. Legacy
mobile nodes were previously designed with the network providing the services. Session
initiation protocol (SIP) enabled mobile nodes and next generation mobile nodes are designed
with capabilities to handle a number of call features rather than the network. These call
features can include call forwarding, hold, transfer, caller ID screening, call waiting, and
three-way calling. There are also features that are controlled by the network such as multi-
endpoint interaction service (users with multiple phones can have a number ring in different
places depending on a criteria), call forwarding when a user has a mobile node turned off,
find me/follow me service, multiparty conference, and address book management.
[0027] SIP mobile nodes can complicate interaction with the network because some
features are provided by the network and others are provided by the mobile node. There can
also be problems with legacy mobile nodes communicating with SIP mobile nodes and using
features that are to be provided by the SIP mobile nodes. Further mobile nodes can be spread
across different access networks and may have totally different feature sets. For example,
one phone might have video, voice, and text while another only voice and text. Further,
mobile nodes from different generations (e.g., 2G, 2.5G, 3G) can have varying capabilities.
Abstraction of the mobile node can ease burdens at the application server and allow for
simpler programming of application servers. The SCM can present the application server
with one or more mobile nodes all having the same capabilities with the SCM handling any
modifications to fit the service to the particular mobile node's capabilities.
[0028] In providing services to mobile nodes, the SCIM interacts with a S-CSCF. The S-
CSCF can obtain the user profile from a subscriber database (e.g., HSS) during registration.
This profile can be cached in the session manager or CSCF core for the registration lifetime
and updated as new information is received. The user profile can include information about
the user as well as any services to which the user is subscribed. The list of services
applicable to a user can be included in an initial filter criteria (IFC). The initial filter criteria
can be a rule set that determines when to include an application server during call processing
based on a variety of matching criteria. The matching criteria can be defined in one or more

service point triggers (SPT). The SCIM can analyze and provide information on the next IFC
to execute for a user, and update the current IFC by allowing a new set of triggers to be added
as new applications are added to the network. The SCIM can also provide a proxy function
or a generic infrastructure to execute and apply new triggers during feature interaction. In
some embodiments, the SCIM executes IFCs based on static information. In other
embodiments, the SCIM executes IFCs based on the dynamic network conditions such as
bandwidth requirement and/or local/peer node congestion.
[0029] The IFC evaluation provided by the SCIM can occur as follows in some
embodiments. IFC can include trigger points that identify when to start, stop, or modify a
service or feature. The trigger points can include service point triggers. Service point
triggers can include various conditions that are applied to messages determine if a match
occurs. The IFC, trigger points, and service point triggers can be obtained from the
subscriber database or from a local cache. The data obtained from the subscriber database
can include the address of the application server to route a request if there is a match with a
trigger condition. Service trigger data can include the following attributes priority, session
case, SIP method, request URI, SIP header, and session description protocol (SDP). The
priority can define the order of trigger evaluation. The session case can specify if the case is
originating, terminating, or terminating unregistered.
[0030] The SCIM in fulfilling and processing IFCs can monitor application service
availability and can provide load balancing. This can be achieved using a number of methods
such as least loaded, round robin, or a calculation based on factors such as load on the
processing unit(s), number of active sessions, number of suspended sessions, outstanding
requests, and round trip time. In some embodiments, this information is provided in real time
or nearly real time so that a determination can be made regarding availability. An application
server may not be able to provide service to another session because the application server is
experiencing service congestion (e.g., the required quality of service (QoS) is not available to
run the service) even though the physical server is available (i.e., the server is not
experiencing network congestion).
[0031] The S-CSCF can allow the mobile node to control the services in the mobile node,
but will check the user's subscription to the service prior to authorizing the mobile node to
control the service. For example, if the user is already in a call and is not subscribed to call
waiting, the S-CSCF can reject a new incoming call to that user.

[0032] SCIM 322 can also manage interactions between the mobile node and legacy
application servers, which can include non-IMS compliant SIP servers. In some
embodiments, the SCIM hides the details of the mobile node and the device's features from
application servers and forwards the features that the mobile node can accept. In certain
embodiments, a CSCF can abstract user service capability from the SIP- AS in a SCIM layer.
Once the various device characteristics are known, the CSCF can understand and mediate the
various device characteristics and can give an illusion to the SIP-AS that all the service users
have the same capabilities. This hiding removes the need for the SIP-AS to have to control
how to interact with the mobile node. For example, for a PUSH to X service, while the SIP-
AS will treat all the users as if they had voice/video and text capabilities, the CSCF can make
sure that the users are offered right kind of media types. PSTN Access users could be offered
just 64 kbps voice or H.324M muxed media. A text device would be offered only text, while
a SIP video phone could be offered all 3 media types.
[0033] On the other side, if mobile node requests a service, such as streaming video,
voicemail, or music, the SCIM can direct the request to a legacy non-SIP enabled application
server. The SCIM takes the response from the legacy application server and performs any
necessary conversions and forwards it on to the mobile node. The SCIM, in some
embodiments, promotes interoperability between mobile nodes and application servers. The
SCIM can relieve application servers of the burden tracking mobile node capabilities, and can
extend the lifespan of legacy equipment (legacy servers or pre- IMS/MMD servers) which
can continue to be used because the SCIM is managing how and what content is served to the
mobile node. Further, many times these legacy application servers use competing protocols
such as H.324M muxed media, direct talk, push-to-talk. The gateway can provide conversion
of these competing protocols to extend services between devices that are otherwise
incompatible. In some embodiments, service can be provided to an application server that
does not support one or more of the SIP extension used for IMS end points to establish IMS
session, for example, preconditions, update, and 100 Rel extensions. CSCF core provided
interworking can be used to communicate between Internet and/or non IMS SIP application
servers and clients. In some embodiments, SIP procedures are used that allow interworking
towards the external client. This functionality can be provided as a back-to-back user agent
(B2BUA). As a B2BUA, the CSCF core can consult the peering server's capability during
the initial route lookup based on the SIP AS information in the subscriber profile, which can
be cached in some embodiments.

[0034] In some embodiments, a message can be sent to a mobile node to get the
capabilities from the mobile node. This message can be an option message. From the
information obtained from this message get the media resources. The SCIM can interact
between the application servers. For example, the SCIM can send a message to a calendar
application server and the calendar application server can report back the services the mobile
node can receive during certain hours of the day. The SCIM can then route the call to
another application server to handle the call. Additionally, this layer with a CSCF core
interworking function can maintain a standard SIP interface into legacy service nodes like
IVR/voice mail systems and the CSCF can proxy them and make them look like IMS SIP-
ASs (proxy a ISC interface for legacy service nodes), in some embodiments.
[0035] FIG. 4 illustrates a gateway providing interaction management in accordance with
certain embodiments. FIG. 4 includes a mobile node 410, a mobile node 412, a radio access
network (RAN) 414, a RAN 416, a gateway 418, a SIP application server 420, a legacy
application server 422, and a home subscriber service (HSS) 424. Gateway 418 can include
functional or logical units such as access gateway 426, SCIM 428, CSCF core 430 (which
includes service point trigger (SPT) and filter criteria), application server 432, and home
agent (HA)/foreign agent (FA) 434. The access gateway 426 can include one or more of the
following: a packet data serving node (PDSN), a Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN), and
a user plane entity (UPE), for example. SCIM 428 can overlap with CSCF core 430 to
provide filter criteria and to monitor changes in service. SCIM 428 can interact with a S-
CSCF (see FIG. 3) whose functionality resides in CSCF core 430 to implement monitoring of
packets to match filter criteria and trigger changes in service upon a match. CSCF core 430
can also implement a P-CSCF and an I-CSCF (see FIG. 3).
[0036] Gateway 418 can communicate with mobile nodes 410 and 412, SIP application
server 420, legacy application server 422, and HSS 424. The mobile nodes shown can be a
legacy mobile node 410 and SIP enabled mobile node 412. Gateway 418 can perform
processing on packet flows to account for the lack of capabilities of a legacy mobile node 410
for services such as three way calling and video conferencing. This can free up the
application server from having to perform this processing, for example, and allow the
application server to send a one or more of the same packet flow for the mobile nodes to
receive the service. Gateway 418 can communicate with HSS 424 to obtain subscriber
information such as filter criteria and use the subscriber information to setup service point
triggers in SCIM 428 and CSCF core 430, in some embodiments.

[0037] Gateway 418 can also communicate with IMS application server 420 and
legacy/SIP application server 422. In some embodiments, an application server 432 can be
provided within gateway 418 to fulfill a service request inline with the packet flow.
Application server 432 can provide functionalities with less delay than might otherwise occur
when using an external application server to fulfill the request. In providing services to
mobile nodes 410 and 412, gateway 418 can perform processing on packet flows to provide
interworking between a legacy or non-IMS compliant application server and the network.
For example, gateway 418 can extend a legacy voicemail application server to an IMS
enabled mobile node. When the IMS enabled mobile node requests voicemail, gateway 418
can communicate with the legacy voicemail application server in a first protocol, perform any
processing or conversion of the content and/or messaging protocol, and communicate with
the IMS enabled mobile node in a second protocol. Gateway 418 can convert both the
transport protocols as well as the protocol of the content, in some embodiments. The SCIM
428 along with CSCF core can arrange for the processing and conversion in the gateway in
processing cards such as the packet accelerator card or packet services card described below.
[0038] FIG. 5 illustrates steps for providing services at a gateway in accordance with
certain embodiments. At step 510, the gateway obtains the user profile and caches the result
in a local cache in the session manager. The user profile can be obtained from an external
database such as a HSS by the S-CSCF functionality, and is stored in local cache. At step
512, the SCIM can load the fitler criteria from the user profile and analyze the filter criteria.
The analysis can include setting up service point triggers (SPT) to trigger service changes
based on matches with preset conditions. In some embodiments, service point triggers are
setup in a hash hit list, so a packet information can trigger a match in the hash list. At step
514, there is a match on a service point trigger in the gateway. The match can occur in the
SCIM layer.
[0039] At step 516, the service provided to the mobile node is changed. The service can
be terminated at 518, modified at 520, or be newly provided at 522. An example of a service
change, step 520, can be adding or dropping a mobile node in a conference, or QoS changes
in the provision of a service. A newly provided service can be when a subscriber selects to
retrieve voicemail, and the mobile node was previously not connected to the voicemail
application server. At 522, an application server is selected to provide the service, for
example, services such as voicemail, website viewing, video conferencing, call forwarding,
and content filtering. The application server can be selected by the SCIM alone or in

combination with a S-CSCF functionality in the CSCF core. At 524, service interaction
management can be provided by the SCIM between the application server and the mobile
node.
[0040] FIG. 6 illustrates steps for providing processing at the gateway for a mobile node
in accordance with certain embodiments. At step 610, the gateway receives a request for
service from a mobile node. The request can be from a mobile node dialing a service (e.g.,
*45 or 800-888-1234 for getting voicemail) or by selecting an icon on graphic user interface
on the mobile node, which prompts a sending of the request. At 612, the gateway and more
specifically the SCIM and/or CSCF core determines the capabilities of each mobile node
receiving the services. In some instances all the mobile nodes may have the same capabilities
so the service can be relayed from the application server without further processing. At 614,
SCIM picks an application server to provide the services requested. The SCIM with the help
of CSCF session and routing interface can load balance requests using a number of methods
to avoid congestion or service delays.
[0041] At 616, the SCIM can hide actual mobile node capabilities from the application
server when requesting the service. This can involve reporting the mobile nodes as all having
the same capabilities, while the mobile nodes may have varying capabilities. By not forcing
the application server to provide different levels of service to mobile nodes of varying
capabilities, programming for the application server can be simplified and processing burdens
can be reduced. Further, legacy equipment's life span can be increased. At 618, the gateway
receives a packet flow for one or more mobile nodes and processes the packet flow before
sending. The processing can be directed by the SCIM and can involve protocol or format
conversion, changing of media because of quality of service (QoS) or bandwidth constraints,
or removing content (such as video for a non-video enabled mobile node), for example. At
620, each mobile node is provided with services appropriate for the mobile node's
capabilities.
[0042] FIG. 7 illustrates interworking from a non-IMS domain in accordance with certain
embodiments. In FIG. 7 the interworking involves a call coming from a non-IMS domain
and includes an external SIP client 710, a S-CSCF 712, a P-CSCF 714, and a mobile node
716. In step 1, an invite is sent with media information and no preconditions from the
external non-IMS SIP client 710 to S-CSCF 712 which resides with the gateway. In step 2,
the incite is sent to P-CSCF 714 by S-CSCF 712. In step 3, P-CSCF 714 authorizes QoS
resources and sends an invite in step 4. In step 5, mobile node 716 reserves resources and

sends a 180 ringing to P-CSCF 714 in step 6. The 180 ringing message is sent along to SIP
client 710 in steps 7 and 8. In step 9, a 200 OK is sent to P-CSCF 714 to indicate the media
is active and P-CSCF 714 commits the resources. In FIG. 7 interworking is provided
between external SIP client 710 and the IMS terminating network. The external SIP client
may not be able to support a number of SIP extensions required for IMS end points to set up
IMS sessions, so CSCF core in the gateway can provide interworking to allow a session to be
setup. Interworking to other non-IMS mobile nodes can also be provided by the gateway by
providing a proxy agent within the gateway to manage interactions between the IMS network
and the non-IMS mobile node.
[0043] FIG. 8 illustrates interworking to a non-IMS domain in accordance with certain
embodiments. FIG. 8 includes a mobile node 810, a P-CSCF 812, a S-CSCF 814, and an
external SIP client 816. In 818 an invite message is sent from an IMS mobile node to S-
CSCF 814 which includes information that is not supported by external SIP client 816. S-
CSCF can determine that external SIP client is not within the IMS domain and modify the
invite 818 to invite 820. This can allow a session setup despite incompatibility problems. S-
CSCF 814 can continue to interwork modifying SIP messages in FIG. 8 between mobile node
810 and external SIP client 816. Gateway can also provide a proxy agent that can interwork
between an IMS network and non-IMS domain mobile nodes. This can include non-SIP
based mobile nodes.
[0044] FIG. 9 illustrates service interaction provided in accordance with certain
embodiments. The service interaction in FIG. 9 includes media negotiation using a service
profile. FIG. 9 includes network devices such as mobile node 1 910, P-CSCF 1912, S-CSCF
1 914, S-CSCF 2 916, P-CSCF 2 918, and mobile node 2 920. S-CSCF 1 914 can determine
when receiving invite message in step 4 with the SCIM to send to S-CSCF 2 916. In some
embodiments, the determination made by the S-CSCF can be prompted by filter criteria. This
allows the gateway to provide services without involving an external server in some cases to
provide services. SCIM can provide service interaction management and S-CSCF can handle
the interaction to provide capabilities on the gateway that might otherwise require an external
application server. This can allow a network operator to reduce the network equipment used
to provide services to subscribers and reduce operating costs. By providing the interaction
management within the gateway latency and delays can also be reduced.
[0045] The gateway described above is implemented in a chassis in some embodiments.
This chassis can implement multiple and different integrated functionalities. In some

embodiments, an access gateway, a packet data serving node (PDSN), a foreign agent (FA),
or a home agent (HA) can be implemented on a chassis. Other types of functionalities can
also be implemented on a chassis in other embodiments are a Gateway General packet radio
service Support Node (GGSN), a serving GPRS support node (SGSN), a packet data inter-
working function (PDF), an access service network gateway (ASNGW), a base station, a
access network, a User Plane Entity (UPE), an IP Gateway, an access gateway, a session
initiation protocol (SIP) server, a proxy-call session control, function (P-CSCF), and an
interrogating-call session control function (I-CSCF). In certain embodiments, one or more of
the above-mentioned other types of functionalities are integrated together or provided by the
same functionality. For example, an access network can be integrated with a PDSN. A
chassis can include a PDSN, a FA, a HA, a GGSN, a PDIF, an ASNGW, a UPE, an IP
Gateway, an access gateway, or any other applicable access interface device. In certain
embodiments, a chassis is provided by Starent Networks, Corp. of Tewksbury, Massachusetts
in a ST 16 or a ST40 multimedia platform.
[0046] The chassis can include slots for loading application cards and line cards. A
midplane can be used in the chassis to provide intra-chassis communications, power
connections, and transport paths between the various installed cards. The midplane can
include buses such as a switch fabric, a control bus, a system management bus, a redundancy
bus, and a time division multiplex (TDM) bus. The switch fabric is an IP-based transport
path for user data throughout the chassis implemented by establishing inter-card
communications between application cards and line cards. The control bus interconnects the
control and management processors within the chassis. The chassis management bus
provides management of system functions such as supplying power, monitoring temperatures,
board status, data path errors, card resets, and other failover features. The redundancy bus
provides transportation of user data and redundancy links in the event of hardware failures.
The TDM bus provides support for voice services on the system.
[0047] The chassis supports at least two types of application cards: a switch processor
card and a packet accelerator card. The switch processor card serves as a controller of the
chassis and is responsible for such things as initializing the chassis and loading software
configurations onto other cards in the chassis. The packet accelerator card provides packet
processing and forwarding capabilities. Each packet accelerator card is capable of supporting
multiple contexts. Hardware engines can be deployed with the card to support parallel

distributed processing for compression, classification traffic scheduling, forwarding, packet
filtering, and statistics compilations.
[0048]The packet accelerator card performs packet-processing operations through the
use of control processors and a network processing unit (NPU). The network processing unit
determines packet processing requirements; receives and transmits user data frames to/from
various physical interfaces; makes IP forwarding decisions; implements packet filtering, flow
insertion, deletion, and modification; performs traffic management and traffic engineering;
modifies/adds/strips packet headers; and manages line card ports and internal packet
transportation. The control processors, also located on the packet accelerator card, provide
packet-based user service processing. The line cards when loaded in the chassis provide
input/output connectivity and can also provide redundancy connections as well.
[0049] In some embodiments, a ST40 embodiment of the chassis can support a system
management card (SMC) and a packet services card (PSC). The system management card is
a system control and management card for managing and controlling other cards in the
chassis. The packet services card is a high-speed processing card that provides mutli-
threaded point-to-point, packet data processing, and context processing capabilities, among
other things.
[0050] The operating system software can be based on a Linux software kernel and run
specific applications in the chassis such as monitoring tasks and providing protocol stacks.
The software allows chassis resources to be allocated separately for control and data paths.
For example, certain packet accelerator cards can be dedicated to performing routing or
security control functions, while other packet accelerator cards are dedicated to processing
user session traffic. As network requirements change, hardware resources can be
dynamically deployed to meet the requirements in some embodiments. The system can be
virtualized to support multiple logical instances of services, such as technology functions
(e.g., a PDSN, ASNGW, PDIF, HA, GGSN, or IPSG).
[0051]The chassis' software can be divided into a series of tasks that perform specific
functions. These tasks communicate with each other as needed to share control and data
information throughout the chassis. A task is a software process that performs a specific
function related to system control or session processing. Three types of tasks operate within
the chassis in some embodiments: critical tasks, controller tasks, and manager tasks. The
critical tasks control functions that relate to the chassis' ability to process calls such as

chassis initialization, error detection, and recovery tasks. The controller tasks mask the
distributed nature of the software from the user and perform tasks such as monitor the state of
subordinate manager(s), provide for intra-manager communication within the same
subsystem, and enable inter-subsystem communication by communicating with controller(s)
belonging to other subsystems. The manager tasks can control system resources and maintain
logical mappings between system resources.
[0052] Individual tasks that run on processors in the application cards can be divided into
subsystems. A subsystem is a software element that either performs a specific task or is a
culmination of multiple other tasks. A single subsystem can include critical tasks, controller
tasks, and manager tasks. Some of the subsystems that can run on a chassis include a system
initiation task subsystem, a high availability task subsystem, a recovery control task
subsystem, a shared configuration task subsystem, a resource management subsystem, a
virtual private network subsystem, a network processing unit subsystem, a card/slot/port
subsystem, and a session subsystem.
[0053] The system initiation task subsystem is responsible for starting a set of initial tasks
at system startup and providing individual tasks as needed. The high availability task
subsystem works in conjunction with the recovery control task subsystem to maintain the
operational state of the chassis by monitoring the various software and hardware components
of the chassis. Recovery control task subsystem is responsible for executing a recovery
action for failures that occur in the chassis and receives recovery actions from the high
availability task subsystem. Shared configuration task subsystem provides the chassis with
an ability to set, retrieve, and receive notification of chassis configuration parameter changes
and is responsible for storing configuration data for the applications running within the
chassis. Resource management subsystem is responsible for assigning resources (e.g.,
processor and memory capabilities) to tasks and for monitoring the task's use of the
resources.
[0054] Virtual private network (VPN) subsystem manages the administrative and
operational aspects of VPN-related entities in the chassis, which include creating separate
VPN contexts, starting IP services within a VPN context, managing IP pools and subscriber
IP addresses, and distributing the IP flow information within a VPN context. In some
embodiments, within the chassis, IP operations are done within specific VPN contexts. The
network processing unit subsystem is responsible for many of the functions listed above for
the network processing unit. The card/slot/port subsystem is responsible for coordinating the

events that occur relating to card activity such as discovery and configuration of ports on
newly inserted cards and determining how line cards map to application cards. The session
subsystem is responsible for processing and monitoring a mobile subscriber's data flows in
some embodiments. Session processing tasks for mobile data communications include:
A10/A11 termination for CDMA networks, GSM tunneling protocol termination for GPRS
and/or UMTS networks, asynchronous PPP processing, packet filtering, packet scheduling,
Difserv codepoint marking, statistics gathering, IP forwarding, and AAA services, for
example. Responsibility for each of these items can be distributed across subordinate tasks
(called managers) to provide for more efficient processing and greater redundancy. A
separate session controller task serves as an integrated control node to regulate and monitor
the managers and to communicate with the other active subsystem. The session subsystem
also manages specialized user data processing such as payload transformation, filtering,
statistics collection, policing, and scheduling.
[0055] In some embodiments, the software needed for implementing a process or a
database includes a high level procedural or an object-orientated language such as C, C++,
C#, Java, or Perl. The software may also be implemented in assembly language if desired.
Packet processing implemented in a chassis can include any processing determined by the
context. For example, packet processing may involve high-level data link control (HDLC)
framing, header compression, and/or encryption. In certain embodiments, the software is
stored on a storage medium or device such as read-only memory (ROM), programmable-
read-only memory (PROM), electrically erasable programmable-read-only memory
(EEPROM), flash memory, or a magnetic disk that is readable by a general or special
purpose-processing unit to perform the processes described in this document.
[0056] Although the present invention has been described and illustrated in the foregoing
embodiments, it is understood that the present disclosure has been made only by way of
example, and that numerous changes in the details of implementation of the invention may be
made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is limited only by
the claims which follow.

We claim:
1. A gateway in a communication network comprising:
a service control interaction manager (SCIM) residing in the gateway which provides
management of services and management of interactions in the communication network;
a call session control function (CSCF) in communication with the SCIM and residing
in the gateway, which handles session initiation protocol sessions and interworking; and
a computer readable medium storing filter criteria and triggers which are used to
determine service changes.
2. The gateway of claim 1, wherein the interworking is between an IP Multimedia
Subsystem (IMS) network and a non-compliant IMS mobile node.
3. The gateway of claim 1, wherein the interworking is between an IP Multimedia
Subsystem (IMS) network and a non-compliant IMS application server.
4. An interaction management method comprising:
receiving a message at a gateway in a communication network;
analyzing the message at the gateway in a service control interaction manager
(SCIM);
determining if the request matches filter criteria to change a service provided to a
mobile node;
communicating instructions from the SCIM to a call session control function (CSCF);
determining processing to perform at the gateway including interworking at the CSCF
on the message, wherein the interworking is between an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
network and a non-compliant network device; and
receiving at the gateway a packet flow from a network device and processing the
packet flow to manage service level interaction between the network device and the
communication network.
5. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
selecting an application server using a method of load balancing at the gateway; and
managing interaction with the selected application servers.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising interacting with a PRESENCE server and
a calendar server to manage presence at a particular time in the day.
7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining the capabilities of the network device, wherein the network device is a
mobile node;
processing a packet flow destined for the mobile node to modify the packet flow to
meet the capabilities of the mobile node.
8. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining the capabilities of the network device, wherein the network device is a
legacy application server;
processing a packet flow from the legacy application server to provide interworking
between the legacy application server and a mobile node.

Systems and methods for providing interaction management to network devices in a communication network are described. A gateway may be used to implement the interaction capabilities on packet flows for IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) and
multimedia domain (MMD) architectures. Interaction managers and proxy agents can be provided by the gateway, such as a service
control interaction manager (SCIM). The SCIM can be a layer and manage interactions between network devices such as mobile nodes and application servers and can provide abstraction of network devices. This can allow the gateway to provide interworking between network devices and handle mobile nodes with different capabilities.

Documents:

http://ipindiaonline.gov.in/patentsearch/GrantedSearch/viewdoc.aspx?id=ujkKnVoQb16W8+N0NCvo9A==&loc=wDBSZCsAt7zoiVrqcFJsRw==

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Patent Number

269886

Indian Patent Application Number

2172/KOLNP/2009

PG Journal Number

47/2015

Publication Date

20-Nov-2015

Grant Date

16-Nov-2015

Date of Filing

10-Jun-2009

Name of Patentee

CISCO TECHNOLOGY INC.

Applicant Address

30 INTERNATIONAL PLACE, TEWKSBURY, MA 01876

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	AGARWAL, KAITKI	243 GROTON ROAD, WESTFORD, MA 01886
2	GHAI, RAJAT	30 PRINCE PATH, SANDWICH, MA 02563

PCT International Classification Number

H04J 3/24C12N 15/09;A61K38/00; A61P35/00

PCT International Application Number

PCT/US2007/086802

PCT International Filing date

2007-12-07

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	60/873,493	2006-12-07	U.S.A.