Indian Patents. 259834:"PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ACETIC ACID"

Title of Invention	"PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ACETIC ACID"
Abstract	A process for the production of acetic acid by carbonylating methanol and/or a reactive derivative thereof with carbon monoxide in the presence of a promoted iridium carbonylation catalyst wherein the promoters are boron and gallium.

Full Text	PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ACETIC ACID This invention relates to a process for the production of acetic acid and in particular to a process for the production of acetic acid by the carbonylation of methanol and/or a reactive derivative thereof in the presence of a promoted iridium catalyst. The production of acetic acid by the carbonylation of methanol in the presence of an iridium catalyst and a promoter such as ruthenium is described, for example, in EP-A-0752406, EP-A-0849248, EP-A-0849249, andEP-A-1002785. " EP-A-0643034 describes a process for the carbonylation of methanol and/or a reactive derivative thereof in the presence of acetic acid, an iridium catalyst, methyl iodide, at least a finite concentration of water, methyl acetate and a promoter selected from ruthenium and osmium. EP*A-0 749 948 describes a process for the carbonylation of an alkyl alcohol such as methanol and/or a reactive derivative thereof to produce the corresponding carboxylic acid and/or ester in the presence of an iridium catalyst, an alkyl halide, water and at least one promoter selected from cadmium, mercury, zinc, gallium, indium and tungsten, optionally with a co-promoter selected from ruthenium, osmium and rhenium. In a carbonylation process employing an iridium catalyst promoted with rumenium, it has been found that the higher the concentration of promoter, the greater the rate of reaction. However, it has also been found that under certain conditions precipitation of the catalyst system may occur. Thus, there remains a need for an iridium-catalysed promoted carbonylation process in which the afore-mentioned disadvantages are mitigated. The present invention solves the technical problem defined above by employing a non-ruthenium promoted iridium catalyst system wherein the catalyst system comprises iridium, boron and gallium. Accordingly, the present invention provides a process for the production of acetic acid by carbonylating methanol and/or a reactive derivative thereof with carbon monoxide in at least one carbonylation reaction zone containing a liquid reaction composition comprising an iridium carbonylation catalyst, methyl iodide co-catalyst, a finite concentration of water, acetic acid, methyl acetate, and as promoters boron and gallium. It has now been found that by using a boron and gallium promoted iridium catalyst system, the need for a ruthenium promoter is avoided whilst mamtaining a satisfactory carbonylation reaction rate, in addition, the boron/gallium/iridium catalyst system used in the present process has a reduced cost compared to a ruthenium promoted catalyst system. Furthermore, there are environmental benefits associated with the present catalyst system as it has reduced toxicity compared to a ruthenium promoted iridium catalyst. In the process of the present invention, suitable reactive derivatives of methanol include methyl acetate, dimethyl ether and methyl iodide. A mixture of methanol and reactive derivatives thereof may be used as reactants in the process of the present invention. Water is required as co-reactant for ether or ester reactants. Preferably, methanol and/or methyl acetate are used as reactants. At least some of the methanol and/or reactive derivative thereof will be converted to, and hence present as, methyl acetate in the liquid reaction composition by reaction with the carboxylic acid product or solvent. Preferably, the concentration of methyl acetate in the liquid reaction composition is in the range 1 to 70% by weight, more preferably 2 to 50% by weight, most preferably 3 to 35% by weight Water may be formed in situ in the liquid reaction compositions, for example, by the esterification reaction between methanol reactant and acetic acid product. Water may be introduced to the carbonylation reaction zone together with, or separately from other components of the liquid reaction composition. Water may be separated from other components of the liquid reaction composition withdrawn from the reaction zone and may be recycled in controlled amounts to maintain the required concentration of water in the liquid reaction composition. Preferably, the concentration of water in the liquid reaction composition is in the range 0.1 to 20% by weight, more preferably 1 to 15% by weight, yet more preferably 1 to 10% by weight Preferably, the concentration of methyl iodide co-catalyst in the liquid reaction composition is in the range 1 to 20% by weight, preferably 2 to 16% by weight The iridium catalyst in the liquid reaction composition may comprise any iridium-containing compound which is soluble in the liquid reaction composition. The iridium catalyst may be added to the liquid reaction composition in any suitable form which dissolves in the liquid reaction composition or is convertible to a soluble form. Preferably the iridium may be used as a chloride free compound such as acetates which are soluble in one or more of the liquid reaction composition components, for example water and/or acetic acid and so may be added to the reaction as solutions therein. Examples of suitable indium-containing compounds which may be added to the liquid reaction composition include &CI3, M3, IrBr3, [fr(CO)2r]2, WCO)2 [Ir(CO)2Br]2, [Ir(CO)-, [Ir(CO)2Br2]-H+, PrCCO)2l2]-H+, (Ir(CH3)I3(CO)2, Ir4CO)12, IrCI3.4H2O, IrBr3.4H2O, Ir3(CO)12, iridium metal, Ir2O3, IrO2, Ir(acac)(CO)2, Ir(acac)3, iridium acetate, [Ir3O(OAc)6(H2O)3][OAc], and hexachloroiridic acid H2PrCl6], preferably, chloride-free complexes of iridium such as acetates, oxalates and acetoacetates. Preferably, the concentration of the iridium catalyst in the liquid reaction composition is in the range 100 to 6000 ppm by weightof iridium. The liquid reaction composition additionally comprises boron and gallium promoters. The promoters may be added to the liquid reaction composition for the carbonylation reaction in any suitable form which dissolves in the liquid reaction composition or is convertible to soluble form. Examples of suitable gallium-containing compounds which may be used include gallium acetylacetonate, gallium acetate, GaCU, GaBr3, Gal3, Ga2zCl3 and Ga(OH)3- Examples of suitable boron-containing compounds which may be used include boric acid, BCI3 and BI3. Preferably, each promoter is present in an effective amount up to the limit of its solubility in the liquid reaction composition and/or any liquid process streams recycled to the carbonylation reactor from the acetic acid recovery stage. Each promoter is suitably present in the liquid reaction compositions at a molar ratio of promoter to iridium of [greater than 0 to 15]:1 such as in the range [1 to 10]: 1. Each promoter is suitably present in the liquid reaction composition in a concentration less than 8000 ppm. Suitably, the molar ratio of iridium: boron: gallium may be in the range 1 : [greater than 0 to 15]: [greater than 0 to 15], such as 1: [1 to 10]: [1 to 10]. Preferably, the iridium, boron and gallium containing compounds are free of impurities which provide or generate in situ ionic iodides which may inhibit the reaction, for example, alkali or alkaline earth metal or other metal salts. Ionic contaminants such as, for example, (a) corrosion metals, particularly nickel, iron and chromium and (b) phosphines or nitrogen xxmtaining compounds or ligands which may quatemise in situ; should be kept to a minimum in the liquid reaction composition as these will have an adverse effect on the reaction by generating I" in the liquid reaction composition which has an adverse effect on the reaction rate. Some corrosion metal contaminants such as for example molybdenum have been found to be less susceptible to the generation of r. Corrosion metals which have an adverse affect on the reaction rate may be minimised by using suitable corrosion resistant materials of construction. Similarly, wmtarninants such as alkali metal iodides, for example lithium iodide, should be kept to a minimum. Corrosion metal and other ionic impurities may be reduced by the use of a suitable ion exchange resin bed to treat the reaction composition, or preferably a catalyst recycle stream. Preferably, ionic contaminants are kept below a concentration at which they would generate 500 ppm I", preferably less man 250 ppm I" in the liquid reaction composition. The carbon monoxide reactant for the carbonylation reaction may be essentially pure or may contain inert impurities such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen, noble gases, water and C\ to C4 paraffinic hydrocarbons. The presenceof hydrogen in the carbon monoxide and generated in situ by the water gas shift reaction is preferably kept low, for example, less than 1 bar partial pressure, as its presence may result in the formation of hydrogenation products. The partial pressure of carbon monoxide is suitably in the range 1 to 70 bar, preferably 1 to 35 bar and more preferably 1 to 15 bar. The totalpressure of the carbonylation reaction is suitably in the range 1.0 to 20.0 Mpag (10 to 200 barg), preferably 1.0 to 10.0 Mpag (10 to 100 barg), more preferably 1.5 to 5.0 Mpag (15 to 50 barg). The carbonylation reaction temperature is preferably in the range 150 to 220 °C. The process of the present invention may be performed as a batch or a continuous process, preferably as a continuous process. The acetic acid product may be removed from the carbonylation reaction zone by withdrawing liquid reaction composition and separating the acetic acid product by one or more flash and/or fractional distillation stages from the other components of the liquid reaction composition such as iridium catalyst, boron and gallium promoters, methyl iodide, water and unconsumed reactants which may be recycled to the carbonylation reaction zone to maintain their concentrations in the liquid reaction composition. The process of the present invention may be carried out in a single reaction zone or it may be carried out in two or more reaction zones. Where two or more reaction zones are employed, the liquid reaction composition and reaction conditions in each reaction zone may be the same or different Hie invention will now be illustrated by way offexample only by reference to the - following examples. General Reaction Method All experiments were performed in a 300 cm3 zirconium autoclave equipped with a stirrer and a liquid injection facility. The autoclave was pressure tested to a minimum of 30 barg with nitrogen and then flushed three times with carbon monoxide up to 3 barg. A . charge consisting of methyl acetate, acetic acid, methyl iodide, water and promoter was placed in the autoclave and a small amount of carbon monoxide was placed over the charge. A ballast vessel was charged with an overpressure of carbon monoxide. The autoclave was heated with stirring (1500 rpm) to 190 °C. The catalyst injection system was primed with an iridium acetate solution (approx 5% iridium, 26% water, 62.7% acetic acid) and acetic acid and injected with carbon monoxide to bring the autoclave pressure to 28 barg The reaction rate was monitored by a drop in the carbon monoxide pressure from the ballast vessel. The autoclave was maintained at a constant temperature of 190 °C and pressure of 28 barg throughout the reaction. After uptake of carbon monoxide from the ballast vessel had ceased, the autoclave was isolated from the gas supply and cooled. After cooling, a gas analysis sample was taken and the autoclave vented. The liquid components were discharged, and analysed for liquid by-products by known established gas chromatography methods. Detected components were quantified by integration of the component peaks relative to an external standard and expressed as parts per million (ppm) by weight The major product obtained in each carbonylation experiment was acetic acid. The rate of gas uptake at a certain point in a reaction run was used to calculate the carbonylation rate, as number of moles of reactant consumed per litre of cold degassed reactor composition per hour (mol/l/h) at a particular reactor composition (total reactor composition based on a cold degassed volume) The methyl acetate concentration was calculated during the course of the reaction from the starting composition, assuming that one mole of methyl acetate was consumed for every mole of carbon monoxide mat was consumed. No allowance was made for organic components in the autoclave headspace. Analysis of the gaseous by-products was performed using conventional gas chromatographic methods of the cooled head space gas and the results calculated in terms of %selectivity based on methyl acetate consumption for methane and CO consumption for CO2. Examples Experiment A A baseline experiment was performed with the autoclave charged with an iridium acetate solution and a ruthenium acetate solution (5% ruthenium, 18% water, 72% acetic acid). The amounts of the components charged to the autoclave are given in Table 1 below. The rate of reaction at a calculated reaction composition of 12% methyl acetate is shown in Table 2. Experiment B Experiment A was repeated except that the autoclave was charged with gallium iodide solution instead of a ruthenium solution. The amounts charged to the autoclave are given in Table 1 and the results of the experiment are given in Table 2. Experiment C Experiment A was repeated except that the autoclave was charged with boric acid solution instead of a ruthenium solution. The amounts charged to the autoclave are given in . 1 '■ Table 1 and the results of the experiment are given in Table 2. Example 1 Experiment A was repeated except that the autoclave was charged with boric acid and gallium iodide solution instead of a ruthenium solution.The amounts charged to the autoclave are given in Table 1 and the results of the experiment are given in Table 2. The results in Table 2 show that a combination of boron and gallium promote an iridium catalysed methanol carbonylation process with no significant detriment to the carbonylation rate. (Table Removed) Table1 Autoclave Charges (Table Removed) Table 2 Rate and By-product data . Claims 1. A process for the production of acetic acid by carbonyiating methanol and/or a reactive derivative thereof with carbon monoxide in at least one carbonylation reaction zone containing a liquid reaction composition comprising an iridium carbonylation catalyst, methyl iodide co-catalyst, a finite concentration of water, acetic acid, methyl acetate and as promoters boron and gallium. 2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the boron promoter and gallium promoter are each present in the liquid reaction composition at a molar ratio of promoter to iridium of [greater than 0 to 15] : 1. 3. A process according to claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of iridium: boron: gallium is in the range 1: [1 to 10]: [1 to 10]. 4. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the concentration of each promoter in the liquid reaction composition is less than 8000 ppm. 5. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the concentration of iridium in the liquid reaction composition is in the range 100 to 6000 ppm, 6. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein water is present in the liquid reaction composition at a concentration in the range 0.1 to 20% by weight. 7. A process according to claim 6 where the water concentration is in the range 1 to 15% by weight 8. A process according to claim 7 wherein the water concentration is in the range 1 to 10% by weight 9. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein the methyl acetate is present in the liquid reaction composition at a concentration in the range 1 to 70% by weight 10. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the methyl iodide is present in the liquid reaction composition at a concentration in the range 1 to 20% by weight. 11. A process according to any one of claim 1 to 10 wherein the carbonylation reaction is carried out at a total pressure in the range 1 to .20 Mpag. 12. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 11 wherein the carbonylation reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range 150 to 220 °C. 13. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein the carbonylation reaction is carried out in a single carbonylation reaction zone. 14. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 13 wherein the carbonylation reaction is carried out in at least two carbonylation reaction zones. 15. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 14 wherein the process is carried out as a continuous process.

Full Text

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ACETIC ACID
This invention relates to a process for the production of acetic acid and in particular to a process for the production of acetic acid by the carbonylation of methanol and/or a reactive derivative thereof in the presence of a promoted iridium catalyst.
The production of acetic acid by the carbonylation of methanol in the presence of an iridium catalyst and a promoter such as ruthenium is described, for example, in EP-A-0752406, EP-A-0849248, EP-A-0849249, andEP-A-1002785. "
EP-A-0643034 describes a process for the carbonylation of methanol and/or a reactive derivative thereof in the presence of acetic acid, an iridium catalyst, methyl iodide, at least a finite concentration of water, methyl acetate and a promoter selected from ruthenium and osmium.
EP*A-0 749 948 describes a process for the carbonylation of an alkyl alcohol such as methanol and/or a reactive derivative thereof to produce the corresponding carboxylic acid and/or ester in the presence of an iridium catalyst, an alkyl halide, water and at least one promoter selected from cadmium, mercury, zinc, gallium, indium and tungsten, optionally with a co-promoter selected from ruthenium, osmium and rhenium.
In a carbonylation process employing an iridium catalyst promoted with rumenium, it has been found that the higher the concentration of promoter, the greater the rate of reaction. However, it has also been found that under certain conditions precipitation of the catalyst system may occur.
Thus, there remains a need for an iridium-catalysed promoted carbonylation process in which the afore-mentioned disadvantages are mitigated.
The present invention solves the technical problem defined above by employing a non-ruthenium promoted iridium catalyst system wherein the catalyst system comprises iridium, boron and gallium.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a process for the production of acetic acid by carbonylating methanol and/or a reactive derivative thereof with carbon monoxide in at least one carbonylation reaction zone containing a liquid reaction composition comprising an iridium carbonylation catalyst, methyl iodide co-catalyst, a finite concentration of water, acetic acid, methyl acetate, and as promoters boron and gallium.
It has now been found that by using a boron and gallium promoted iridium catalyst

system, the need for a ruthenium promoter is avoided whilst mamtaining a satisfactory carbonylation reaction rate, in addition, the boron/gallium/iridium catalyst system used in the present process has a reduced cost compared to a ruthenium promoted catalyst system.
Furthermore, there are environmental benefits associated with the present catalyst system as it has reduced toxicity compared to a ruthenium promoted iridium catalyst.
In the process of the present invention, suitable reactive derivatives of methanol include methyl acetate, dimethyl ether and methyl iodide. A mixture of methanol and reactive derivatives thereof may be used as reactants in the process of the present invention. Water is required as co-reactant for ether or ester reactants. Preferably, methanol and/or methyl acetate are used as reactants.
At least some of the methanol and/or reactive derivative thereof will be converted to, and hence present as, methyl acetate in the liquid reaction composition by reaction with the carboxylic acid product or solvent. Preferably, the concentration of methyl acetate in the liquid reaction composition is in the range 1 to 70% by weight, more preferably 2 to 50% by weight, most preferably 3 to 35% by weight
Water may be formed in situ in the liquid reaction compositions, for example, by the esterification reaction between methanol reactant and acetic acid product. Water may be introduced to the carbonylation reaction zone together with, or separately from other components of the liquid reaction composition. Water may be separated from other components of the liquid reaction composition withdrawn from the reaction zone and may be recycled in controlled amounts to maintain the required concentration of water in the liquid reaction composition. Preferably, the concentration of water in the liquid reaction composition is in the range 0.1 to 20% by weight, more preferably 1 to 15% by weight, yet more preferably 1 to 10% by weight
Preferably, the concentration of methyl iodide co-catalyst in the liquid reaction composition is in the range 1 to 20% by weight, preferably 2 to 16% by weight
The iridium catalyst in the liquid reaction composition may comprise any iridium-containing compound which is soluble in the liquid reaction composition. The iridium catalyst may be added to the liquid reaction composition in any suitable form which dissolves in the liquid reaction composition or is convertible to a soluble form. Preferably the iridium may be used as a chloride free compound such as acetates which are soluble in one or more of the liquid reaction composition components, for example water and/or

acetic acid and so may be added to the reaction as solutions therein. Examples of suitable indium-containing compounds which may be added to the liquid reaction composition include &CI3, M3, IrBr3, [fr(CO)2r]2, WCO)2 [Ir(CO)2Br]2, [Ir(CO)-, [Ir(CO)2Br2]-H+, PrCCO)2l2]-H+, (Ir(CH3)I3(CO)2, Ir4CO)12, IrCI3.4H2O, IrBr3.4H2O, Ir3(CO)12, iridium metal, Ir2O3, IrO2, Ir(acac)(CO)2, Ir(acac)3, iridium acetate, [Ir3O(OAc)6(H2O)3][OAc], and hexachloroiridic acid H2PrCl6], preferably, chloride-free complexes of iridium such as acetates, oxalates and acetoacetates.
Preferably, the concentration of the iridium catalyst in the liquid reaction composition is in the range 100 to 6000 ppm by weightof iridium.
The liquid reaction composition additionally comprises boron and gallium promoters. The promoters may be added to the liquid reaction composition for the carbonylation reaction in any suitable form which dissolves in the liquid reaction composition or is convertible to soluble form.
Examples of suitable gallium-containing compounds which may be used include gallium acetylacetonate, gallium acetate, GaCU, GaBr3, Gal3, Ga2zCl3 and Ga(OH)3-
Examples of suitable boron-containing compounds which may be used include boric acid, BCI3 and BI3.
Preferably, each promoter is present in an effective amount up to the limit of its solubility in the liquid reaction composition and/or any liquid process streams recycled to the carbonylation reactor from the acetic acid recovery stage. Each promoter is suitably present in the liquid reaction compositions at a molar ratio of promoter to iridium of [greater than 0 to 15]:1 such as in the range [1 to 10]: 1. Each promoter is suitably present in the liquid reaction composition in a concentration less than 8000 ppm.
Suitably, the molar ratio of iridium: boron: gallium may be in the range 1 : [greater than 0 to 15]: [greater than 0 to 15], such as 1: [1 to 10]: [1 to 10].
Preferably, the iridium, boron and gallium containing compounds are free of impurities which provide or generate in situ ionic iodides which may inhibit the reaction, for example, alkali or alkaline earth metal or other metal salts.
Ionic contaminants such as, for example, (a) corrosion metals, particularly nickel, iron and chromium and (b) phosphines or nitrogen xxmtaining compounds or ligands which

may quatemise in situ; should be kept to a minimum in the liquid reaction composition as these will have an adverse effect on the reaction by generating I" in the liquid reaction composition which has an adverse effect on the reaction rate. Some corrosion metal contaminants such as for example molybdenum have been found to be less susceptible to the generation of r. Corrosion metals which have an adverse affect on the reaction rate may be minimised by using suitable corrosion resistant materials of construction. Similarly, wmtarninants such as alkali metal iodides, for example lithium iodide, should be kept to a minimum. Corrosion metal and other ionic impurities may be reduced by the use of a suitable ion exchange resin bed to treat the reaction composition, or preferably a catalyst recycle stream. Preferably, ionic contaminants are kept below a concentration at which they would generate 500 ppm I", preferably less man 250 ppm I" in the liquid reaction composition.
The carbon monoxide reactant for the carbonylation reaction may be essentially pure or may contain inert impurities such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen, noble gases, water and C\ to C4 paraffinic hydrocarbons. The presenceof hydrogen in the carbon monoxide and generated in situ by the water gas shift reaction is preferably kept low, for example, less than 1 bar partial pressure, as its presence may result in the formation of hydrogenation products. The partial pressure of carbon monoxide is suitably in the range 1 to 70 bar, preferably 1 to 35 bar and more preferably 1 to 15 bar.
The totalpressure of the carbonylation reaction is suitably in the range 1.0 to 20.0 Mpag (10 to 200 barg), preferably 1.0 to 10.0 Mpag (10 to 100 barg), more preferably 1.5 to 5.0 Mpag (15 to 50 barg). The carbonylation reaction temperature is preferably in the range 150 to 220 °C.
The process of the present invention may be performed as a batch or a continuous process, preferably as a continuous process.
The acetic acid product may be removed from the carbonylation reaction zone by withdrawing liquid reaction composition and separating the acetic acid product by one or more flash and/or fractional distillation stages from the other components of the liquid reaction composition such as iridium catalyst, boron and gallium promoters, methyl iodide, water and unconsumed reactants which may be recycled to the carbonylation reaction zone to maintain their concentrations in the liquid reaction composition.

The process of the present invention may be carried out in a single reaction zone or it may be carried out in two or more reaction zones. Where two or more reaction zones are employed, the liquid reaction composition and reaction conditions in each reaction zone may be the same or different
Hie invention will now be illustrated by way offexample only by reference to the -
following examples.
General Reaction Method
All experiments were performed in a 300 cm3 zirconium autoclave equipped with a stirrer and a liquid injection facility. The autoclave was pressure tested to a minimum of 30 barg with nitrogen and then flushed three times with carbon monoxide up to 3 barg. A . charge consisting of methyl acetate, acetic acid, methyl iodide, water and promoter was placed in the autoclave and a small amount of carbon monoxide was placed over the charge. A ballast vessel was charged with an overpressure of carbon monoxide.
The autoclave was heated with stirring (1500 rpm) to 190 °C. The catalyst injection system was primed with an iridium acetate solution (approx 5% iridium, 26% water, 62.7% acetic acid) and acetic acid and injected with carbon monoxide to bring the autoclave pressure to 28 barg
The reaction rate was monitored by a drop in the carbon monoxide pressure from the ballast vessel. The autoclave was maintained at a constant temperature of 190 °C and pressure of 28 barg throughout the reaction. After uptake of carbon monoxide from the ballast vessel had ceased, the autoclave was isolated from the gas supply and cooled. After cooling, a gas analysis sample was taken and the autoclave vented. The liquid components were discharged, and analysed for liquid by-products by known established gas chromatography methods. Detected components were quantified by integration of the component peaks relative to an external standard and expressed as parts per million (ppm) by weight The major product obtained in each carbonylation experiment was acetic acid.
The rate of gas uptake at a certain point in a reaction run was used to calculate the carbonylation rate, as number of moles of reactant consumed per litre of cold degassed reactor composition per hour (mol/l/h) at a particular reactor composition (total reactor composition based on a cold degassed volume)
The methyl acetate concentration was calculated during the course of the reaction from the starting composition, assuming that one mole of methyl acetate was consumed for

every mole of carbon monoxide mat was consumed. No allowance was made for organic components in the autoclave headspace. Analysis of the gaseous by-products was performed using conventional gas chromatographic methods of the cooled head space gas and the results calculated in terms of %selectivity based on methyl acetate consumption for methane and CO consumption for CO2. Examples Experiment A
A baseline experiment was performed with the autoclave charged with an iridium acetate solution and a ruthenium acetate solution (5% ruthenium, 18% water, 72% acetic acid). The amounts of the components charged to the autoclave are given in Table 1 below. The rate of reaction at a calculated reaction composition of 12% methyl acetate is shown in Table 2. Experiment B
Experiment A was repeated except that the autoclave was charged with gallium iodide solution instead of a ruthenium solution. The amounts charged to the autoclave are given in Table 1 and the results of the experiment are given in Table 2. Experiment C
Experiment A was repeated except that the autoclave was charged with boric acid
solution instead of a ruthenium solution. The amounts charged to the autoclave are given in
. 1 '■ Table 1 and the results of the experiment are given in Table 2.
Example 1
Experiment A was repeated except that the autoclave was charged with boric acid and gallium iodide solution instead of a ruthenium solution.The amounts charged to the autoclave are given in Table 1 and the results of the experiment are given in Table 2.
The results in Table 2 show that a combination of boron and gallium promote an iridium catalysed methanol carbonylation process with no significant detriment to the carbonylation rate.
(Table Removed)
Table1 Autoclave Charges

(Table Removed)
Table 2 Rate and By-product data .

Claims
1. A process for the production of acetic acid by carbonyiating methanol and/or a reactive derivative thereof with carbon monoxide in at least one carbonylation reaction zone containing a liquid reaction composition comprising an iridium carbonylation catalyst, methyl iodide co-catalyst, a finite concentration of water, acetic acid, methyl acetate and as promoters boron and gallium.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the boron promoter and gallium promoter are each present in the liquid reaction composition at a molar ratio of promoter to iridium of [greater than 0 to 15] : 1.
3. A process according to claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of iridium: boron: gallium is in the range 1: [1 to 10]: [1 to 10].
4. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the concentration of each promoter in the liquid reaction composition is less than 8000 ppm.
5. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the concentration of iridium in the liquid reaction composition is in the range 100 to 6000 ppm,
6. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein water is present in the liquid reaction composition at a concentration in the range 0.1 to 20% by weight.
7. A process according to claim 6 where the water concentration is in the range 1 to 15% by weight
8. A process according to claim 7 wherein the water concentration is in the range 1 to 10% by weight
9. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein the methyl acetate is present in the liquid reaction composition at a concentration in the range 1 to 70% by weight
10. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the methyl iodide is present in the liquid reaction composition at a concentration in the range 1 to 20% by weight.
11. A process according to any one of claim 1 to 10 wherein the carbonylation reaction is carried out at a total pressure in the range 1 to .20 Mpag.
12. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 11 wherein the carbonylation reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range 150 to 220 °C.

13. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein the carbonylation reaction is carried out in a single carbonylation reaction zone.
14. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 13 wherein the carbonylation reaction is carried out in at least two carbonylation reaction zones.
15. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 14 wherein the process is carried out as a continuous process.

Documents:

6282-delnp-2008-6282-delnp-2008-Abstract-(02-01-2013).pdf

6282-delnp-2008-6282-delnp-2008-Claims-(02-01-2013).pdf

6282-delnp-2008-6282-delnp-2008-Correspondence Others-(02-01-2013).pdf

6282-delnp-2008-6282-delnp-2008-GPA-(02-01-2013).pdf

6282-delnp-2008-6282-delnp-2008-Petition-137-(02-01-2013).pdf

6282-delnp-2008-Abstract-(02-01-2013).pdf

6282-delnp-2008-abstract.pdf

6282-delnp-2008-Claims-(02-01-2013).pdf

6282-delnp-2008-claims.pdf

6282-delnp-2008-Correspondance Others-(07-05-2013).pdf

6282-delnp-2008-Correspondence Others-(02-01-2013)-1.pdf

6282-delnp-2008-Correspondence Others-(03-09-2008).pdf

6282-DELNP-2008-Correspondence-others (08-11-2012).pdf

6282-delnp-2008-Correspondence-Others-(09-04-2013).pdf

6282-delnp-2008-Correspondence-Others-(19-07-2013).pdf

6282-delnp-2008-correspondence-others.pdf

6282-delnp-2008-description (complete).pdf

6282-delnp-2008-form-1.pdf

6282-delnp-2008-Form-18-(03-09-2008).pdf

6282-delnp-2008-form-2.pdf

6282-delnp-2008-Form-3-(09-04-2013).pdf

6282-delnp-2008-form-3.pdf

6282-delnp-2008-form-5.pdf

6282-delnp-2008-pct-101.pdf

6282-delnp-2008-pct-210.pdf

6282-delnp-2008-pct-220.pdf

6282-delnp-2008-pct-237.pdf

6282-delnp-2008-pct-304.pdf

6282-delnp-2008-pct-311.pdf

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Patent Number

259834

Indian Patent Application Number

6282/DELNP/2008

PG Journal Number

14/2014

Publication Date

04-Apr-2014

Grant Date

28-Mar-2014

Date of Filing

18-Jul-2008

Name of Patentee

BP CHEMICALS LIMITED

Applicant Address

CHERTSEY ROAD, SUNBURY -ON-THAMES,MIDDLESEX, TW16 7BP, UK.

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	ANDREW JOHN MILLER	72 BEVERLEY ROAD, HULL, KINGSTON UPON HULL HU6 7JG, GREAT BRITAIN.
2	MARC JOHN PAYNE	25B DUKE STREET, HENLEY-ON -THAMES, OXFORDSHIRE RG9 1UR, GREAT BRITAIN.

PCT International Classification Number

B01J 23/46

PCT International Application Number

PCT/GB2007/000059

PCT International Filing date

2007-01-10

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	0601861.8	2006-01-30	U.K.