Title of Invention

METHOD FOR PRODUCING NICOTINIC ACID DERIVATIVE OR SALT THEREOF

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for producing a specific nicotinic acid derivative or a salt thereof. Specifically disclosed is a method for producing a nicotinic acid derivative represented by the formula (I) below or a salt thereof which is characterized in that a compound represented by the formula (II) below or a salt thereof is reacted with a halogenating agent containing a chlorine atom or a bromine atom. (I) (In the formula (I), X1 and X2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a haloalkyl group or a haloalkoxy group; R represents an alkyl group; and Hal represents a chlorine atom or a bromine atom.) (II) (In the formula (II), X1, X2 and R are as defined above.)

Full Text

1 DESCRIPTION METHOD FOR PRODUCING NICOTINIC ACID DERIVATIVE OR SALT THEREOF TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for producing a nicotinic acid derivative or a salt thereof, which is useful as an intermediate for Pharmaceuticals or agricultural chemicals. BACKGROUND ART Some of nicotinic acid derivatives represented by the after-mentioned formula (I) and compounds represented by the after-mentioned formula (II) as starting materials for the production thereof, are included in the compounds represented by the formula (I) disclosed in EP-494770A. However, in such publication, there is no specific disclosure of the respective compounds or a method for their production. On the other hand, some of compounds represented by the after-mentioned formula (III) are disclosed as compounds of the formula (VI) in JP-A-6- 41116 at pages 41 and 58 to 69. Patent Document 1: EP-494770A Patent Document 2: JP-A-6-41116 2 DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION Heretofore, various methods for producing nicotinic acid derivatives have been known, but they are not necessarily efficient for producing nicotinic acid derivatives having specific substituent patterns. Further, a method for efficiently producing a nicotinic acid derivative represented by the after-mentioned formula (I) or a salt thereof has been desired. MEANS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM The present inventors have conducted a study to solve the above problem and as a result, have found a method for producing a nicotinic acid derivative represented by the after-mentioned formula (I) or a salt thereof, wherein a compound represented by the after- mentioned formula (III) or a salt thereof is used as a starting material, and have accomplished the present invention. wherein each of X1 and X2 which are independent of each Namely, the present invention provides a method for producing a nicotinic acid derivative represented by the formula (I): 3 other, is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a haloalkyl group or a haloalkoxy group; R is an alkyl group; and Hal is a chlorine atom or a bromine atom; or a salt thereof, which comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (II): wherein X1, X2 and R are as defined above, or a salt thereof, with a halogenating agent. Further, the present invention provides the method for producing the nicotinic acid derivative of the above formula (I) or a salt thereof, which comprises (i) a first step of reacting a compound represented by the formula (III) : wherein each of X1 and X2 which are independent of each other, is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a haloalkyl group or a haloalkoxy group; R' is an alkyl group; and Hal' is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a bromine atom; or a salt thereof, with an alkali metal alkoxide represented by the formula (IV): RO-M 4 wherein R is an alkyl group, and M is an alkali metal atom, to obtain a compound represented by the formula (ID : wherein X1, X2 and R are as defined above, or a salt thereof, and (ii) a second step of reacting the compound of the formula (II) or a salt thereof obtained in the first step, with the halogenating agent, to obtain a nicotinic acid derivative represented by the formula (I): wherein X1, X2 and R are as defined above, and Hal is a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, or a salt thereof. Further, the present invention provides a method for producing a nicotinic acid represented by the formula (V) : wherein X1, X2, R and Hal are as defined below, or a salt thereof, which comprises hydrolyzing a nicotinic acid 5 derivative represented by the formula (I): wherein each of X1 and X2 which are independent of each other, is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a haloalkyl group or a haloalkoxy group; R is an alkyl group; and Hal is a chlorine atom or a bromine atom; or a salt thereof. The halogen atom, or the halogen moiety in the haloalkyl group or the haloalkoxy group, represented by X1 or X2 in the formula (I), (II), (III) or (V) may be fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine. The alkyl moiety contained in the formula (I), (II), (III) or (V) may, for example, be a C1-6 alkyl (such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl or t- butyl). The alkoxy moiety contained in the formula (I), (II), (III) or (V) may, for example, be a C1-6 alkoxy (such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy or t-butoxy). The compound of the formula (I), (II), (III) or (V) may form a salt together with an acidic substance and may, for example, form an inorganic salt such as a hydrochloride, a hydrobromide, a phosphate, a sulfate or 6 a nitrate; or an organic salt such as an acetate, a p- toluenesulfonate, a methanesulfonate or a propanesulfonate. Further, the compound of the formula (V) may form an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt and may, for example, form a sodium salt, a potassium salt, a magnesium salt or a calcium salt. EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, it becomes possible to efficiently produce a nicotinic acid derivative or its salt useful as an intermediate for Pharmaceuticals or agricultural chemicals. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Now, the method for producing a nicotinic acid derivative or its salt of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the reaction flow. The nicotinic acid derivative of the formula (I) or its salt is produced by reacting a compound of the formula (II) or its salt with a halogenating agent containing a chlorine atom or a bromine atom. However, it is efficient to produce it by two step reactions shown by the following flow. 7 (i) First step (ii) Second step In the above formulae, X1, X2, Hal, Hal', R, R' and M are as defined above. The reaction of the first step of reacting a compound of the formula (III) or its salt with an alkali metal alkoxide represented by the formula (IV) to produce a compound of the above formula (II) or its salt, is preferably carried out in the presence of a solvent at a reaction temperature of from 0 to 150°C for a reaction time of from 0.1 to 24 hours. Here, the alkyl group represented by R' in the compound of the formula (III) and the alkyl group represented by R in the alkali metal alkoxide represented by the formula (IV) may be the same or different. This reaction may be carried out also under reduced pressure. The alkali metal alkoxide of the formula (IV) to be used for the reaction of the first step may, for example, be sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide or potassium methoxide. Among them, it is preferred to use sodium methoxide. The alkali metal alkoxide is preferably used in an amount of from 1.0 to 5.0 mols per mol of the 8 compound of the formula (III) or its salt. The solvent to be used for the reaction of the first step is not particularly limited so long as it will not be involved in the reaction. For example, an aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene, toluene or xylene, an aliphatic hydrocarbon such as hexane or cyclohexane, a halogenated hydrocarbon such as methylene chloride or 1,2-dichloroethane, an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol, an ether such as tetrahydrofuran or 1,2- dimethoxyethane, or an aprotic polar solvent such as N,N- dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide may be mentioned. Among them, it is preferred to use an alcohol. The reaction of the second step of reacting the compound of the formula (II) or its salt with a halogenating agent containing a chlorine atom or a bromine atom to produce a nicotinic acid derivative of the above formula (I) or its salt, is preferably carried out in the presence of a base or a solvent at a reaction temperature of from 0 to 150°C for a reaction time of from 0.1 to 24 hours. This reaction may be carried out under reduced pressure. The halogenating agent containing a chlorine atom or a bromine atom to be used for the reaction of the second step is not particularly limited so long as it is useful for usual chlorination or bromination. For example, chlorine, bromine, sulfuryl chloride, sodium hypochlorite, N-chlorosuccinimide, N-bromosuccinimide, 1,3-dichloro- 9 5,5-dimethylhydantoin or 1,3-dibromo-5,5- dimethylhydantoin may be mentioned. Among them, it is preferred to use chlorine or bromine. Such a halogenating agent is preferably used in an amount of from 1.0 to 5.0 mols per mol of the compound of the formula (II). A base to be used for the reaction of the second step may, for example, be an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide; an alkali metal carbonate such as sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate; an alkali metal acetate such as sodium acetate or potassium acetate; an alkali metal hydrogencarbonate such as sodium hydrogencarbonate or potassium hydrogencarbonate; or an amine such as pyridine or triethylamine. Among them, it is preferred to use sodium acetate. Such a base is preferably used in an amount of from 0.1 to 5.0 mols per mol of the compound of the formula (II). The solvent to be used for the reaction of the second step is not particularly limited so long as it will not be involved in the reaction. For example, aromatic hydrocarbon such as chlorobenzene or dichlorobenzene; an aliphatic hydrocarbon such as hexane or cyclohexane; a halogenated hydrocarbon such as methylene chloride or 1,2-dichloroethane; an ether such as tetrahydrofuran or 1,2-dimethoxyethane; a carboxylic acid such as acetic acid; an ester such as methyl acetate 10 or ethyl acetate; a nitrile such as acetonitrile or propionitrile; or an aprotic polar solvent such as N,N- dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide may be mentioned. Among them, it is preferred to use an ester. A reaction for hydrolyzing the above-mentioned compound of the formula (I) or its salt to produce a compound of the formula (V) or its salt is preferably carried out in water or in a solvent containing water at a reaction temperature of from 0 to 150°C for a reaction time of from 0.1 to 24 hours. This reaction may be carried out under reduced pressure. The base to be used for the hydrolysis may, for example, be an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide; an alkaline earth metal hydroxide such as magnesium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide; an alkali metal carbonate such as sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate; an alkaline earth metal carbonate such as magnesium carbonate or calcium carbonate; or an alkali metal hydrogencarbonate such as sodium hydrogencarbonate or potassium hydrogencarbonate. Among them, it is preferred to use sodium hydroxide. The base is preferably used in an amount of at least one mol per mol of the compound of the formula (I) or its salt. The solvent to be used for the hydrolysis is not particularly limited so long as it will not be involved in the reaction. For example, an aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene, toluene or xylene; an aliphatic 11 hydrocarbon such as hexane or cyclohexane; a halogenated hydrocarbon such as methylene chloride or 1,2- dichloroethane; an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol; an ether such as tetrahydrofuran or 1,2-dimethoxyethane; a nitrile such as acetonitrile or propionitrile; or an aprotic polar solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide may be mentioned. However, the hydrolysis is preferably carried out in water or in an alcohol containing water. After completion of the hydrolysis, the compound of the formula (V) is treated for neutralization with a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid to form an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt, whereby a compound of the formula (V) will be obtained. Otherwise, without such neutralization treatment, an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of the compound of the formula (V) may be isolated. The above method for producing the compound of the formula (V) or its salt may optionally be combined with the above-mentioned method for producing the nicotinic acid derivative of the formula (I) or its salt. Such embodiments will be described below. (1) A method which comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (II): 12 wherein X1, X2 and R are as defined above, or a salt thereof, with a halogenating agent to obtain a nicotinic acid derivative represented by the formula (I): wherein X1, X2 and R are as defined above, and Hal is a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, or a salt thereof, and hydrolyzing it to obtain a nicotinic acid represented by the formula (V): wherein X1, X2, R and Hal are as defined above, or a salt thereof. (2) A method for producing a nicotinic acid represented by the above formula (V) or its salt, which comprises (i) a first step of reacting a compound represented by the formula (III): 13 wherein each of X1 and X2 which are independent of each other, is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a haloalkyl group or a haloalkoxy group; R' is an alkyl group; and Hal' is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a bromine atom; or a salt thereof, with an alkali metal alkoxide represented by the formula (IV): RO-M wherein R is an alkyl group, and M is an alkali metal atom, to obtain a compound represented by the formula (ID : wherein X1, X2 and R are as defined above, or a salt thereof, (ii) a second step of reacting the compound of the formula (II) or a salt thereof obtained in the first step, with the halogenating agent, to obtain a nicotinic acid derivative represented by the formula (I): 14 wherein X1, X2 and R are as defined above, and Hal is a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, or a salt thereof, and (iii) a third step of hydrolyzing the compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof obtained in the second step, to obtain a nicotinic acid represented by the formula (V) : wherein X1, X2, R and Hal are as defined above, or a salt thereof. (3) The method according to (1) or (2), wherein the compound of the formula (I) is methyl 5-chloro-2-methoxy- 4-methyl nicotinate, the compound of the formula (II) is methyl 2-methoxy-4-methyl nicotinate, and the compound of the formula (V) is 5-chloro-2-methoxy-4-methyl nicotinic acid. (4) The method according to (2), wherein the compound of the formula (III) is ethyl 2-chloro-4-methyl nicotinate or methyl 2-chloro-4-methyl nicotinate. EXAMPLES Now, the present invention will be described with reference to Examples, but it should be understood that the present invention is by no means restricted to such Examples. 15 PREPARATION EXAMPLE 1 Into a 3 00 ml four necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a condenser and a thermometer, 137.8 g (714 mmol) of 2 8% sodium methylate methanol solution was charged, and while the internal temperature was maintained at 50°C, 48 ml of a methanol solution containing 47.5 g (238 mmol) of ethyl 2-chloro-4-methyl nicotinate was dropwise added, followed by stirring for 1 hour. The reaction solution was put into 500 ml of water and extracted with diethyl ether, followed by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain 27 g (yield: 63%) of methyl 2-methoxy-4-methyl nicotinate (boiling point: 95°C/7 mmHg). PREPARATION EXAMPLE 2 Into a 500 ml four necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, a condenser and an N2 gas supply tube, 203 g (1.05 mol) of a 28% sodium methylate methanol solution was charged in an N2 atmosphere. While the internal temperature was maintained at not higher than 4 0°C, 92.8 g (0.5 mol) of methyl 2-chloro-4-methyl nicotinate was dropwise added over a period of about 3 0 minutes. After completion of the dropwise addition, while the internal temperature was maintained from 45 to 50°C, the reaction was carried out for about 4 hours till disappearance of the starting materials. After completion of the reaction, about 100 ml of methanol in the system was distilled off under reduced pressure, and 16 then the reaction solution was put into a mixed solution of 390 g of a 7% sulfuric acid aqueous solution and 300 ml of toluene with stirring. After extraction and liquid separation, the toluene layer was washed with 150 ml of a 0.5% sodium hydrogencarbonate aqueous solution. After distilling off toluene, a fraction of from 85 to 92°C/5 mmHg i.e. 83.3 g (yield: 92%) of methyl 2-methoxy-4- methyl nicotinate was obtained by distillation under reduced pressure. PREPARATION EXAMPLE 3 Into a 500 ml four necked flask quipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, a condenser and a Cl2 gas supply tube, 90.6 g (0.5 mol) of methyl 2-methoxy-4-methyl nicotinate, 300 ml of ethyl acetate and 49.2 g (0.6 mol) of sodium acetate were charged. While the internal temperature was maintained at 70°C, chlorine gas (supply rate: 10 g/hr) was introduced for about 4 hours, and upon confirming disappearance of the starting materials, the reaction was terminated. The reaction mixture was put into 700 ml of cool water, and 200 ml of ethyl acetate was added, followed by extraction and liquid separation. Then, the ethyl acetate layer was washed with 150 ml of a 1% sodium hydrogencarbonate aqueous solution, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, whereupon ethyl acetate was distilled off to obtain 105.6 g (crude yield: 98%) of crude crystals of desired methyl 5-chloro-2-methoxy-4- methyl nicotinate. This product was recrystallized from 17 methanol to obtain 91.8 g (melting point: 43-44°C) of a recrystallized product. PREPARATION EXAMPLE 4 Into a 1,000 ml four necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a condenser and a thermometer, 107.8 g (0.5 mol) of methyl 5-chloro-2-methoxy-4-methyl nicotinate and 210 g (0.525 mol) of a 10% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution were charged, followed by stirring for 2 hours at an internal temperature of 90°C. The reaction solution was left to cool and then a 15% sulfuric acid aqueous solution was dropwise added for neutralization and crystallization. Precipitated crystals were collected by filtration and then dried to obtain 99.3 g (yield: 98%) of 5-chloro-2-methoxy-4-methyl nicotinic acid (melting point: 127-129°C) . INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The method of the present invention is useful as an efficient method for producing a nicotinic acid derivative or its salt which is useful as an intermediate for Pharmaceuticals or agricultural chemicals. The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-123899 filed on April 21, 2005 including specification, claims, drawings and summary is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 18 CLAIMS: 1. A method for producing a nicotinic acid derivative represented by the formula (I): wherein each of X1 and X2 which are independent of each other, is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a haloalkyl group or a haloalkoxy group; R is an alkyl group; and Hal is a chlorine atom or a bromine atom; or a salt thereof, which comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (II): wherein X1, X2 and R are as defined above, or a salt thereof, with a halogenating agent. 2. The method for producing a nicotinic acid derivative or a salt thereof according to Claim 1, which comprises (i) a first step of reacting a compound represented by the formula (III) : 19 wherein each of X1 and X2 which are independent of each other, is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a haloalkyl group or a haloalkoxy group; R' is an alkyl group; and Hal' is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a bromine atom; or a salt thereof, with an alkali metal alkoxide represented by the formula (IV): RO-M wherein R is an alkyl group, and M is an alkali metal atom, to obtain a compound represented by the formula (ID : wherein X1, X2 and R are as defined above, or a salt thereof, and (ii) a second step of reacting the compound of the formula (II) or a salt thereof obtained in the first step, with the halogenating agent, to obtain a nicotinic acid derivative represented by the formula (I): wherein X1, X2 and R are as defined above, and Hal is a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, or a salt thereof. 3. The method according to Claim 2, wherein the alkali metal alkoxide of the formula (IV) is an alkali metal 20 methoxide. 4. The method according to Claim 1, wherein the halogenating agent is chlorine or bromine. 5 . A method for producing a nicotinic acid represented by the formula (V): wherein X1, X2, R and Hal are as defined below, or a salt thereof, which comprises hydrolyzing a nicotinic acid derivative represented by the formula (I): wherein each of X1 and X2 which are independent of each other, is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a haloalkyl group or a haloalkoxy group; R is an alkyl group; and Hal is a chlorine atom or a bromine atom; or a salt thereof. 6. The method according to Claim 5, which comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (II): 21 wherein X1, X2 and R are as defined above, or a salt thereof, with a halogenating agent to obtain a nicotinic acid derivative represented by the formula (I): wherein X1, X2 and R are as defined above, and Hal is a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, or a salt thereof, and hydrolyzing it to obtain a nicotinic acid represented by the formula (V): wherein X1, X2, R and Hal are as defined above, or a salt thereof. 7. The method according to Claim 5, which comprises (i) a first step of reacting a compound represented by the formula (III) : wherein each of X1 and X2 which are independent of each other, is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a haloalkyl group or a haloalkoxy group; 22 R' is an alkyl group; and Hal' is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a bromine atom; or a salt thereof, with an alkali metal alkoxide represented by the formula (IV): RO-M wherein R is an alkyl group, and M is an alkali metal atom, to obtain a compound represented by the formula (ID : wherein X1, X2 and R are as defined above, or a salt thereof, (ii) a second step of reacting the compound of the formula (II) or a salt thereof obtained in the first step, with the halogenating agent, to obtain a nicotinic acid derivative represented by the formula (I): wherein X1, X2 and R are as defined above, and Hal is a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, or a salt thereof, and (iii) a third step of hydrolyzing the compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof obtained in the second step, to obtain a nicotinic acid represented by the formula (V) : 23 wherein X1, X2, R and Hal are as defined above, or a salt thereof. Disclosed is a method for producing a specific nicotinic acid derivative or a salt thereof. Specifically disclosed is a method for producing a nicotinic acid derivative represented by the formula (I) below or a salt thereof which is characterized in that a compound represented by the formula (II) below or a salt thereof is reacted with a halogenating agent containing a chlorine atom or a bromine atom. (I) (In the formula (I), X1 and X2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a haloalkyl group or a haloalkoxy group; R represents an alkyl group; and Hal represents a chlorine atom or a bromine atom.) (II) (In the formula (II), X1, X2 and R are as defined above.)

Documents:

03431-kolnp-2007-abstract.pdf

03431-kolnp-2007-claims.pdf

03431-kolnp-2007-correspondence others.pdf

03431-kolnp-2007-description complete.pdf

03431-kolnp-2007-form 1.pdf

03431-kolnp-2007-form 3.pdf

03431-kolnp-2007-form 5.pdf

03431-kolnp-2007-gpa.pdf

03431-kolnp-2007-international publication.pdf

03431-kolnp-2007-international search report.pdf

03431-kolnp-2007-others.pdf

03431-kolnp-2007-pct priority document notification.pdf

03431-kolnp-2007-pct request form.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-(01-05-2012)-ENGLISH TRANSLATION.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-(01-05-2012)-EXAMINATION REPORT REPLY RECEIVED.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-(13-06-2012)-AMANDED CLAIMS.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-(13-06-2012)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-(13-06-2012)-DESCRIPTION (COMPLETE).pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-(13-06-2012)-FORM-1.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-(13-06-2012)-FORM-2.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-(13-06-2012)-OTHERS.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-(18-06-2012)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-(18-06-2012)-FORM-3.tif

3431-KOLNP-2007-(23-07-2013)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-ASSIGNMENT.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-CANCELLED PAGES.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-CORRESPONDENCE OTHERS 1.1.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-EXAMINATION REPORT.pdf

3431-kolnp-2007-form 18.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-FORM 3-1.1.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-GPA.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-GRANTED-ABSTRACT.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-GRANTED-CLAIMS.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-GRANTED-DESCRIPTION (COMPLETE).pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-GRANTED-FORM 1.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-GRANTED-FORM 2.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-GRANTED-FORM 3.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-GRANTED-FORM 5.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-GRANTED-SPECIFICATION-COMPLETE.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT & OTHERS.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-OTHERS.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-REPLY TO EXAMINATION REPORT.pdf

3431-KOLNP-2007-TRANSLATED COPY OF PRIORITY DOCUMENT.pdf

abstract-03431-kolnp-2007.jpg