Title of Invention	SUBSTITUTED IMIDAZOLE COMPOUNDS AS KSP INHIBITORS
Abstract	The present invention relates to new substituted imidazole compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts,esters or prodrugs thereof, compositions of the derivatives together with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, and uses of the compounds.The compounds of the invention have the following general formula (I).

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SUBSTITUTED IMIDAZOLE COMPOUNDS AS KSP INHIBITORS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Grass Reference to Related Applications [0001] This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of United States Provisional Application Serial Number 60/706,901, filed August 9, 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Field of the Invention [0002] The present invention relates substituted imidazole compounds and pharrnaceutically acceptable salts, esters or prodrugs thereof, compositions of these compounds together with pharrnaceutically acceptable carriers, and uses of these compounds. State of the Art [0003] Kinesihs are motor proteins that use adenosine triphosphate to bind to microtubules andgenerate mechanical force. Kinesins are characterized by a motor domain haylng about 350 amino acid residues. The crystal structures of several kinesin motor domains have been resolved. [0004] Currently,about one hundred kinesin-related proteins (KRP) have been identified. Kinesins are involved in a variety of cell biological processes including transport of organelles and vesicles, and maintenance of the endoplasmic reticulum. Several KRPs interact with the microtubules of the mitotic spindle or with the chromosomes directly and appear to play a pivotal role during the mitotic stages of the cell cycle. These mitotic KRPs are of particular interest for the development of cancer therapeutics. [0005] Kinesin spindle protein.(KSP) (also known as Eg5, HsEg5, KNSL1, or K1F11) is one of several kinesin-like motor proteins that are localized to the mitotic spindle and known to be required for formation and/or function of the bipolar mitotic spindle.. [0006] In 1995, the depletion of KSP using an antibody directed against the C-terminus of KSP was shown to arrest HeLa cells in mitosis with monoastral microtubule arrays (Slangy et-al., Cell 83:1159-1169,; 1995). Mutations in bimC and cut7 genes, which are considered to be homologues of KSP, cause failure in centrosome separation in Aspergillus nidulans(Enos, A.P., andN.R. Morris, Cell 60:1019-1027, 1990) and Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Hagan, I., and M; Yanagida, Nature 347:563-566, 1990). Treatment of cells with either ATRA (all trans-retinoic acid), which reduces KSP expression on the protein level, or depletion of KSP using antisense oligonucleotides revealed a significant growth inhibition in DAN-G pancreatic carcinoma cells indicating that KSP might be involved in the antiproliferative action of all trans-retinoic acid (Kaiser, A., et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2.74,. 1,8925-18931, 1999). Interestingly, the Xenopus laevis Aurora-related protein kinase pEg2 was shown to associate and phosphorylate XlEg5 (Giet, R., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 274:15005-15013, 1999). Potential substrates of Aurora-related kinases are of particular interest for cancer drug development. For example, Aurora 1 and 2 kinases are overexpressed on the protein and RNA level and the genes are amplified in colon cancer patients. [0007] The first cell permeable small molecule inhibitor for KSP, "monastrol," was shown to arrest cells with monopolar spindles without affecting microtubule polymerization as do conventional chemotherapeutics such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids (Mayer, T.U., et al, Science 286:971-91'4, 1999). Monastrol was identified as an inhibitor in phenotype-based screens and it was suggested that this compound may serve as a lead for the development of anticancer drugs. The inhibition was determined not to be competitive in respect to adenosine triphosphate and to be rapidly reversible (DeBonis, S., et al., Biochemistry, 42:338-349, 2003; Kapoor, T.M., et al., J. Cell Biol., 150:975-988, 2000). [0008] In light of the importance of improved chemotherapeutics, there is a need for KSP inhibitors that are effective in vivo inhibitors of KSP and KSP-related proteins. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0009] This invention is directed to substituted imidazole compounds represented by the formula I: wherein: R1 is selected from the group consisting of aminoacyl, acylamino, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, alkyl, and substituted alkyl with the proviso that substituted alkyl is not substituted with aryl or substituted aryl; R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and aryl; R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and substituted heterocyclic provided that only 1 of R3 or R4 is hydroxy; or R3 andR4 together, with the nitrogen atom pendent thereto join to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic; R5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl; or R1 and R5 together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound respectively thereto join to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group; or when R1 and R5, together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound respectively thereto, do not form a heterocyclic group, then R4 and R5, together with the atoms bound thereto, form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group; R8 is selected from the group consisting of L-A1 , wherein L is selected from the group consisting of-S(O)q- where q is one or two, and C1 to C5 alkylene optionally substituted with hydroxy, halo, or acylamino; and A1 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, cycloalkyl, and substituted cycloalkyl; and oneof either R6 or R7 is selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, . heterocyclic, aryl and heteroaryl, all of which may be optionally substituted with -(R9)m. where R9 is as defined herein and m is an integer from 1 to 4, and the other of R6 of R7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and alkyl; R9 is selected from the group consisting of cyano, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl,. . substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, -CF3, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, halo, and hydroxy; and when m is an integer from 2 to 4, then each R9 may be the same or different; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters or prodrugs thereof. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A. Compounds of the Invention [0010] As stated above, compounds of the invention include those of formula I: wherein: R1 is selected from the group consisting of aminoacyl, acylamino, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, alkyl, and substituted alkyl with the proviso that substituted alkyl is not substituted with aryl or substituted aryl; R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and aryl; R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heterparyl, heterocyclic, and substituted heterocyclic provided that only 1 of R3 or R4 is hydroxy; or R3 and R4 together with the nitrogen atom pendentthereto join to form a heterocyclic, or substituted heterocyclic;- R5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl; or R1 and R5, together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound respectively thereto join to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group; or when R1 and R5, together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound respectively thereto, do not form a heterocyclic group, then R4 and R5, together with the atoms bound thereto, form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group; R8 is selected from the group consisting of L-A1, wherein L is selected from the group consisting of -S(O)q- where q is one or two, and C1 to C5 alkylene optionally substituted with hydroxy, halo, or acylamino; and A1 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, cycloalkyl, and substituted cycloalkyl; and one of either R6 or R7 is selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl and heteroaryl, all of which may be optionally substituted with -(R 9)m where R9 is as defined herein and m is an integer from 1 to 4, and the other of R6 or R7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and alkyl; R9 is selected from the group consisting of cyano, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, -CF3, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, halo, and hydroxy; and when m is an integer from 2 to 4, then each R9 may be the same or different; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters or prodrugs thereof. [0011] In one embodiment of the invention, compounds of the invention are represented by formula II: wherein: pis 1, 2 or 3; p is 0, 1,2, 3, or 4; R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, arid substituted heterocyclic, provided that only 1 of R3 or R4 is "hydroxy; or-R3 and R4 together with the nitrogen atom pendent thereto join to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic; R10 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl optionally substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, amino, substituted amino, acylamino, halo, nitrogen-containing heterocycle, substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycle, nitrogen-containing heteroaryl, and substituted nitrogen- containing heteroaryl; R11 is selected from the group consisting of cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, -CF3, alkoxy, halo, and hydroxy; and when p is 2, 3, or 4, then each R11 may be the same or different; R12 is alkyl, R13 is hydrogen or alkyl, R14 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, arid alkyl; or R and R12, together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound respectively there to join toform a heterocyclic of substituted heterocyclic group; or when R10 and R12, together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound respectively thereto, do not form a heterocyclic "group, then R4 and R10, together with the atoms, bound thereto, form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group; A is selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, cycloalkyl, and substituted cycloalkyl; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters or prodrugs thereof [0012] In one embodiment, R1 is alkyl. In another embodiment R1 is selected from the group consisting of isopropyl, t-butyl, and propyl. [0013] . In another embodiment, R2 is hydrogen. [0014] In one embodiment R3 and/or R4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted "alkyl and cycloalkyl, and is.selected from the group consisting of methyl, methoxyethyl, furan-2-ylmethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, cyclopropyl and isopropyl. [0015] In one embodiment, R3 and/or R4 is aryl or substituted aryl and is selected from the group consisting of 4-cyanophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 2,3,5- trifluorophenyl, 3,5-dinitrophcnyl, and phenyl. [0016] In-one embodiment, R3 and/or R4 is heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl and is selected from the group consisting of thiophen-2-yl, 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4- yl, and 2,6-dichloropyridin-4-yl: [0017] In one embodiment, R3 and/or R4 is a heterocyclic group or substituted-heterocyclic group and is tetrahydropyran-4-yl or 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4- yl- [0018]- In one embodiment, either of R3 or R4 or both of R3 and R4 are hydrogen. In another embodiment, one of R3 or R4 is hydroxy. [0019] In one embodiment, R3 and R4 are cyclized with the nitrogen atom bound thereto to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic, and is selected from the group consisting of 1,1-dioxothiamorpholin-N-yl, 1-oxothiamorpholin-1-yl, 2- (aminbmethylene)pyrrolidin-N-yl, 2-(memoxycarbony!)pyrrolidin-N-yl, 2,6- dimethylmbrpholin-N-yl, 3-hydroxypiperidin-N-yl, 3-hydroxypyrrolidin-N-yl, 4- (butylsulfonyl)pipefazin-N-yl, 4-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4- (dimethylamino)piperidin-N-yl, 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)pjperazin-N-yl, 4- (ethylsulfonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-(isopropylsulfohyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4- (methylcarbonyl)piperazih-N-yl, 4-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-N-yl, 4- (methysulfonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-(morpholin-N-yl)piperidin-N-yl, 4-(piperidih-N- yl)piperidixi-N-yl,. 4-(propylsulfonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-cyclohexylpiperazin-N-yl, 4- hydroxypiperidin-N-yl, 4-isopropylpiperazin-4-yl, 4-methylpiperidin-N-yl, isoxazolidin-2-yl, morpholin-N-yl, piperazin-N-yl, piperidin-N-yl, 2-(hydrazinocarbonyl)pyrrolidin-N-yl, and pyrrolidin-N-yl. [0020] In some embodiments, R5 is substituted alkyl. In one embodiment, R5 (or R10) is selected from the group consisting of-(CH2)3NH2, -(CH2)2CH(CH2OH)NH2, TCH2CH(F)CH2NH2, -CH2-[2-(CH2OH)pyrrolidin-3-yl], -CH2-[4-(OH)pyrrolidin-3-yl], -GH2:G(F)(spiropyrrolidin-3-yl),-(CH2)2CH(CH2F)NH2,-(CH2)2C(CH3)2NH2, -(CH2)2CH(CH3)NH2,-(CH2)CH(CH2OCH3)NH2)-(CH2)2CH(CH2F)NHC(O)-[(2- CH3NHC(O))berizene], and-(CH2)2CH(CH2F)-1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydroisoindole. [0021] In one embodiment, wherein R1 and R5 and the atoms bound thereto join to form a heterocyclic or a substituted heterocyclicgroup and the heterocyclic.group is.2- oxo-tetrahydropyrimidinyl. [0022] In one embodiment one of R6 or R7 is aryl or substituted aryl-and is- selacted from the group consisting of phenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 2,5- difluorophenyl, and 2,3,5-trifluorophenyr. [0023] In one embodiment, the. other of R6 or R7 (or RM.) is hydrogen. [0024] In one embodiment, L is alkylene and A (or A ) is aryl or substituted aryl. [0025] In one embodiment, L is methylene and A1 (or A2) is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, or 3-hydroxyphenyl. [0026] In one.embodiment, R1 is t-butyl, R2 is hydrogen, R3 is hydrogen, L is methylene, A1 is phenyl, R6 is phenyl or substituted phenyl, R is hydrogen. In another embodiment K1' is t-butyl, R2 and R3 are hydrogen, L is methylene, A1 is phenyl, R6 is phenyl substituted with 1 to 2 halo substituents, such as chloro or fluoro. In one embodiment Rl is t- butyl, R2 and R3 are hydrogen, L is methylene, A1 is phenyl, R5 is substituted alkyl, such as -(CH2)2CH(CH3)NH2, -(CH2)2C(CH3)2NH2 and -(CH222CH(CH2OH)NH2. In some, embodiments, R1 is t-butyl, R2 is hydrogen, R3 is hydrogen, L is methylene, A1 is phenyl, - 8 R° is-phehyl or substituted phenyl, R7 is hydrogen^ and R4 is alkyl. In one embodiment, R1 is t-biityl and R6 is phenyl substituted with fluoro and may be 3-fluorophenyl or difluofopHenyl'. In other embodiments, Rl is isopropyl and R6 is phenyl substituted with chloro and may be 3- chlorophenyl. Representative Compounds of the Invention Specific corripounds within the scope of this invention are 1, 2, and 3 in the experimental section. Methods and Compositions of the Invention [0028] Also provided is a composition comprising a compound of formulas I and II (including mixtures and/or salts thereof) and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier. [0029] In another aspect,, the present invention provides methods of .treating a mammalian patierifsuffering from a disorder mediated, at least in part, by K.SP. Thus, the present invention provides methods of treating a mammalian patient in need of such, treatment comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a con^q.imd of-formulas Iand_II (including mixtures thereof) either alone_or in combination with other anticancer agents. B. Definitions and Overview [0030] As discussed above, the present invention is directed to new substitutedjmidazole compounds. [0031) It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is forthe purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It must be noted that as used herein and in the claims, the singular forms "a," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In this specification and in the claims which follow, reference will be made to a number of terms which shall be defined to have the following meanings: [0032] As used herein, "alkyl" refers to monovalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Thisterm is exemp lified by groups such as methyl,-ethyl, n- prppyl, isorpropyl,n- butyl, t-butyl, h-pentyl and the like. [0033] "Substituted alkyl" refers to an alkyl group having from 1 to 3, and preferably 1 to 2, substituents selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, substituted, alkoxy, acyl, acylamino,.acyloxy, amino, substituted amino, aminoacyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, substituted aryloxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, spirocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic,.-S02-alkyl, and -S02-Substituted alkyl. [0034] "Alkylene" refers to divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups • preferably having from 1 to 5 and more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are either ;Straight^chained or branched. This term is exemplified by groups such as methylene (^CH2-), ethylene (-CH2CH2-),propylene(-CH2CH2CH2-), iso-prbpylene (-CH2CH(CH3)-) or (-CH(eK3)CH2-) and the like. [0035] "Alkoxy" refers to the group "alkyl-O-" which includes, by way of example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy, t-butoxy, sec-butoxy, n-peritoxy and the like. [0036] "Substituted alkoxy" refers to the group "substituted alkyl-O-". [0037] H'Acyl" refers to the groups H-C(O)-, alkyl-C(O)-, substituted alkyl-C(O)-, alkenyl-C(O)-, substituted alkenyl-C(O)-, alkynyl-C(O)-, substituted alkynyl-C(O)- cycloalkyl-C(O)-, substituted cycloalkyl-C(O)-, aryl-C(O)-, substituted aryl-C(O)-, heteroaryl-C(O)-, substituted heteroaryl-C(O)-, heterocyclic-C(O)-, and substituted heteTocyclic-G(O)-, wherein alkyl, substituted alkyl; alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl,-substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic are as defined herein. [0038] "Aminoacyl" refers to the group -C(O)NRR where each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl,.cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic and where each R is joined to form together with the nitrogen atom a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic ring.y/hsreiri alkyl, substituted.alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl> substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heterparyl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic are as defined herein. [0039] "Acyloxy" refers to the groups alkyl-C(O)0-, substituted alkyl-C(O)0-, alkenyl-C(O)0-, substituted alkenyl-C(O)0-, Jdfcytf^£(G)Q-, substituted alkynyl-C(O)0-, aryl-C(O)0-, substituted aryl-C(O)0-, cycloalkyl-C(O)6-, substituted cycloalkyKC(6)0 , heteroaryl-C(O)0-, substituted heteroaryl-G(O)0-, heterocyclic-C(O),Ch and substituted heterocyclic-C(O)0- wherein alky), substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic are as defined herein. [0040] "Oxyacyl" or "carboxyl ester" refers to the groups -C(O)0-alkyl, .' -~C(6)0-substituted alkyl, -C(O)0-alkenyl, -C(O)0-substituted-alkenyl, -C(O)0-alkynyl, -C(O)Q-substituted alkynyl, -C(O)0-aryl, -C(O)0-substituted aryl, -C(O)0-cycloalkyl, -C(O)0-substituted cycloalkyl, -C(O)0-heteroaryl, -C(O)0-substituted heteroaryl, -C(O)0-heterocyclic, and -C(O)0-substiruted heterocyclic wherein alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl,.substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted -heterocyclic are as defined-herein. [0041] "Alkenyl" refers to alkenyl groups having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms and having at least 1 and preferably from 1 to 2 sites of alkenyl unsaturation. Such groups are exemplified by vinyl, allyl, but-3-en-1-yl, and the like. [0042] "Substituted alkenyl" refers'fo alkenyl groups having from 1 to 3 substituents, and preferably 1 to 2 substituents, selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted amino, aminoacyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, substituted aryloxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and substituted heterocyclic with the provjsa that any hydroxy substitution is not attached to.a vinyl (unsaturated) carbon atom. [0043] "Alkynyl" refers to alkynyl groups having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and preferably 2 to 3 carbon atoms and having at least 1 and preferably from 1 to 2 sites of alkynyl unsaturation. [0044] Substituted alkynyl" refers to alkynyl groupsrhaylngfrom l..{p 3 substituents, and preferably 1 to 2'substituents, selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted amino, aminoacyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, substituted aryloxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, carboxyl, • carboxyl ester, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, . heterocyclic, and substituted heterocyclic with the proviso that any hydroxy substitution is not attached to an acetylenic carbon atom. [0045] "Amino" refers to the group-NH2. [0046] "Cyano" refers to the group-CN. [0047] "Substituted amino" refers to the group -NR'R" where R' and R" are independently selected from the group consisting"5f hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, .alkenyl;"substituted alkenyl,^k*ynylisubstimt^d^aikynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl; l_s substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, -S02-alkyl, -SC^-substituted alkyl, and where R'and R" are joined, together with.the nitrogen bound thereto to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic-group provided that.R' and R" are both not hydrogen. When R' is hydrogen and R" is alkyl, the substituted amino group is sometimes referred to herein as alkylamino. When R' and R" are alkyl, the substitutedamino group =is Sometimes'referred to'herein as dialkyl'arnino. Wheri""'"rr referring to a monosubstituted amino, it is meant that either R' or R" is hydrogen but not both. When referring to a disubstituted amino, it is meant that neither R' or R" is hydrogen. [0048] "Acylamino" refers to the groups -NRC(O)alkyl, -NRC(O)substituted alkyl, -NRC(O)cycloalkyl, -KRC(O)substituted cycloalkyl, -NRC(O)alkehyl, -NRC(O)substituted alkenyl,.-NRC(O)alkynyl, -NRC(O)substituted alkynyl, -NRC(O)aryl, -NRC(O)substiruted aryl, -NRC(O)heteroaryl, -NRC(O)substituted heteroaryl, -NRC(O)heterocyclic, and -NRC(O)substituted heterocyclic where R is hydrogen or alkyl and wherein alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic are as defined herein. [0049] "Nitro" refers to the group -N02. [0050] "Aryl" or "Ar" refers to a monovalent aromatic carbocyclic group of from 6 to 14 carbon atoms having asingle ring (e.g., phenyl) or multiple condensed rings • (e.g., naphthyl or anthryl) in which the condensed rings may or may not be aromatic (e.g., 2- bejizpxazolinone^H^,^ and the like) provided that the point of attachment is at an aromatic carbon atom. Preferred aryls include phenyl and naphthyl. [0051} "Substituted aryl" refers to aryl groups which are substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents, and preferably 1 to 2 substituents, selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, amino, substituted amino, aminoacyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, substituted aryloxy, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, cyano, thiol, alkylthio, substituted alkylthio, arylthio, substituted arylthio, heteroarylthio, substituted heteroarylthio, cycloalkylthio, substituted cycloalkylthio, heterocyclicthio, substituted heterocyclicthio, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, halo, nitro, heteroaryl, substituted hejejoaryl^heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, heteroaryloxy, substituted heteroaryloxy, heterocyclyloxy, subsfitutedjjeterocyclyloxy, amino sulfonyl (NH2-SO2-), and substituted amino sulfonyl. [0"052Jt "Aryloxy" refers to the group aryl-O-that includes, by way of example, phenoxy, naphthoxy, and the like. [0053] "Substituted aryloxy" refers to substituted.aryl-O- groups. [0054] "Carboxyl" refers to -COOH or salts thereo_f.__ " [0055] "Cycloalkyl" refers to cyclic alkyl groups of frorrrJ to 10 carbon atoms having single or multiple cyclic rings including, by.way of example, adamantyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclooctyl and the like. [0056] "Spirocycloalkyl" refers to cyclic groups from 3 to 10 carbon atoms having a cycloalkyl ring with a spiro union (the union formed by a single atom which is the only common-member of the rings).as exemplified by the following structure: [0057] "Substituted cycloalkyl" refers to a cycloalkyl group, having from 1 t thioxo (=S), alkoxy, substituted alkoxy.-acyl^cylSnirie, acyloxy, amino, substituted amino, aminoacyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, substituted aryloxy, cyano, halogenvhydroxy, nitro, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, -SO2alkyl and -SCVcycloalkyl [0058] "Halo" or "halogen" refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo ajid preferably is fluoro or chloro. [0059] "Hydroxy" refers to the group -OH. [0060] "Heteroaryl" refers to an aromatic group of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur within the ring. Such heteroaryl groups can have a single ring (e.g., pyridinyl or furyl) or multiple condensed rings (e.g., indolizinyl or benzothienyl) wherein the condensed rings may or may not be aromatic and/or contain a heteroatom provided that the point of. attachment is through an atom of the aromatic heteroaryl group. In one embodiment, the . nitrogen and/or the sulfur ring atom(s) of the heteroaryl group are optionally oxidized to provide for the N;oxide (N-» O), sulfinyl, or sulfonyl moieties. Preferred heteroaryls include pyridinyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, thiophenyl, and furanyl. [0061] "Substituted heteroaryl" refers to heteroaryl groupgjhat are substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from the same group of substituents defined for substituted aryl. [0062] "Nitrogen-containing heteroaryl" and "nitrogen-containing substituted heteroaryl" refers to heteroaryl groups and substituted heteroaryl groups comprising at least one nitrogen ring atom and optionally comprising other non-nitrogen hetero ring atoms such as sulfur, oxygen and the like. [0063] "Heteroaryloxy" refers to the group -O-heteroaryl and "substituted heteroaryloxy" refers to the group -O-substituted heteroaryl wherein heteroaryl and substituted hcteroaryl are as defined herein. [0064] "Heterocycle" or "heterocyclic" or "heterocycloalkyl" or "heterocyclyl" refers to a saturated or unsaturated (but not aromatic) group having a single ring or multiple condensed rings, including fused bridged and spiro ring systems, from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen within the ring wherein, in fused ring systems, one or more the rings can be cycloalkyl, aryl or hcteroaryl provided that the point of attachment is through the heterocyclic ring. In one cmbodimerit.The nitrogen and/or sulfur atom(s) of the heterocyclic group are optionally oxidized to provide for the N-oxide, sulfinyl, and sulfonyl moieties. (0065] "Substituted heterocyclic" or "substituted heterocycloalkyl" or "substituted heterocyclyl" refers to heterocyclyl groups that are substituted with from 1 to 3 of the same substituents as defined for substituted cycloalkyl. [0066] Examples of heterocyclyls and heteroaryls include, but are not limited to, azetidine, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, indolizine, isoindole, indole, dihydroindole, indazole, purine, quinolizine, isoquinoline, qufnoline, phthalazine, naphthylpyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, pteridine, carbazole, carboline, phenanthridine, acridine, phenanthroline, isothiazole, phenazine, isoxazole, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, imidazolidine,. imidazoline, piperidine, piperazine, indoline, phthalimide, l,-2,3i4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene, thiazole, thiazolidine, thiophene, benzo[b]thiophehe, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl (also refeired;to a'stWafr]^ piperidinyl, pyrrolidine, tetrahydrofuranyl, and the like. [0067] "Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic" and "nitrogen-containing substituted heterocyclic" refers to heterocyclic groups and substituted heterocyclic groups comprising at least,.one nitrogen ring atom and optionally comprising other non-nitrogen heterp.rijig atoms such as sulfur, oxygen and the like. [OO'SST ""thiol"Tefers to the group -SH. [0069] "Alkylthio" or "thioalkoxy" refers to the group -S-alkyl. [0070] "Substituted alkylthio" or "substituted thioalkoxy" refers to the group -S-substituted alkyl. [0071 ] "Arylthio" refers to the group -S-aryl, where aryl is defined above. [0072] . "Substituted arylthio" refers to the group -S-substituted aryl, where substituted aryl is defined above. [0073] "Heteroarylthio" refers to the group -S-heteroaryl, where heteroaryl is defined above. [0074] "Substituted heteroarylthio" refers to the group -S-substituted heteroaryl, where substituted heteroaryl is defined above. [0075] "Heterocyclicthio" refers to the group -S-heterbcyclic and "substituted heterocyclicthio" refers to the group -S-substituted heterocyclic, where heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic are defined above. [0076] "Heterocyclyloxy" refers to the group Het'erocyclyl-O- and "substituted heterocyclyloxy refers to the group substituted heterocyclyl-O- where heterocyclyl and substituted heterocyclyl are defined above. [0077] "Cycloalkylthio" refers to the group -S-cycloalkyTand "substituted cycloalkylthio" refers to the group -S-substiruted cycloalkyl, where cycloalkyl and substituted cycloalkyl are defined above. [0078) "Biological activity" as used herein refers to an inhibition concentration when tested in at least one of the assays outlined in any of Examples 13-15. [0079] As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refers to the nontoxic acid or alkaline earth metal salts of the compounds of formulas I and II. These salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compourids-of formulas I and.II, or by.separately reacting the base or acid functions with a suitable organic or inorganic acid or base, respectively. Representative salts include, but are not limited to, the" following: acetate, adipate, alginate, citrate, aspartate, berizoate,,b.eflzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, camphorate, c'amphorsulfonate, digluconate, cyclopentanepropionate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, hemi-sulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, fumaratc, hydrochloride, hydrobromidc, hydroioddde, Z^hydroxyethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate, methanesulfonate, nicotinate, 2-napth-. alenesulfonate,.oxalate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylproionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, p-toluenesulfonate and undecanoate. Also, the basic nitrogen-containing groups can be quaternized with such agents as alkyl halides, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chloride, bromides, and iodides; dialkyl sulfates-lika dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates, long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides, aralkyl halides like benzyl and phenethyl bromides, and others. Water or oil-soluble or dispersible products are thereby obtained. [0080] Examples of acids that may be employed to form pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include such inorganic acids as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid and such organic acids as oxalic acid, maleic acid, methanesulfonic acid, succinic acid and citric acid. Basic addition salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds of formulas I and II, or separately by reacting carboxylic acid moieties with a suitable base such as the hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate of a pharmaceutically acceptable metal cation or with aminonia, or an organic primary, secondary or tertiary amine. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to,_ cations based on the alkali and alkaline earth metals, such as sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium,'aluminum salts and the like, as well as aminonium, quaternary aminonium, and amine cations, including, but notjimited to_aminonium, _tetramethylaminonium, tetraethylaminoniurh, methylamine; dimethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, ethylamine, and the like. Other representative organic amines useful for the formation of base addition salts include diethylamine, ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperazine and the like. [0081] As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable ester" refers to esters which hydrolyze in vivo and include those that break down in the human body to leave . th'e,parent compound, a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutically active metabolite. Suitable ester groups include, for example, those derived from pharmaceutically acceptable aliphatic carboxylic acids, particularly alkanoic, alkenoic, cycloalkanoic and alkanedioic acids, in which each alkyl or alkenyTmoiety advantageously has not more than 6 carbon atoms. Representative examples of particular esters include, but are not limited to, formates, acetates, pro'pipn.ates, butyrates, acrylates and ethylsuccinates. [0082] the term "pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug" as used herein refers to those prodrugs of the compounds of the present invention which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk Tatio, and effective for their intended use, as well as the zwitterionic forms, where possible, of the compounds of the invention. The term "prodrug" refers to compounds that are rapidly transformed in vivo to yleld the parent compound or a pharmaceutically active metabolite of the above formula, for example by hydrolysis in blood. A discussion is provided in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems, Vol. 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in Edward B. Roche, ed., Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987, both of which are incorporated herein by reference. [0083 J As used Herein "anticancer agents" or "agent for the treatment of "cancer" refers to agents that include, by way of example only, agents that induce apoptosis; polynucleotides (e.g., ribozymes); polypeptides (e.g., enzymes); drugs; biological mimetics; alkaloids; alkylating agents; antitumor antibiotics; antimetabolites; hormones; platinum compounds; monoclonal antibodies conjugated with anticancer drugs, toxins, and/or radionuclides; biological response modifiers (e.g. interferons and interleukins, etc.); adoptive immunotherapy agents; hematopoietic growth factors; agents that induce tumor cell differentiation (e.g. all-trans-retinoic acid, etc.); gene therapy reagents; antisense therapy reagents and nucleotides; tumor vaccines; inhibitors of ahgiogenesis, and the like. Numerous other agents are well within the purview of one of skill in the art. , [0084] It is understood that in all substituted groups defined above, polymers arrived at by defining substituents with further substituents to themselves (e.g., substituted aryl having a substituted aryl group as a substituent which is itself substituted with a substituted aiyl group, etc.) are not intended for inclusion herein. In such cases, the maximum, number ofisueji.sub^iiuerrts,i0fcee'*^a^sjto say that each of the above definitions, is constrained by a limitation that, for example, substituted aryl groups are limited tp.-substituted ary1-(substituted aryl)-substituted aryl. [0085] Similarly, it is understood that the~above definitions are not-intended to include impermissible substitution patterns (e.g., methyl substituted with 5 fluoro groups or a.hydroxy group alpha to ethenylic or acetylenic unsaturation). Such impermissible substitution patterns are well known to the skilled artisan. [0086] Compounds of this invention may exhibit stereoisomerism by virtue of the presence of one or more asymmetric or chiral centers in the compounds. The present invention contemplates the various stereoisomers and mixtures thereof. Depiction of the compounds of Formulas I and II includes the stereoisomers thereof. Certain of the compounds of the invention comprise asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms. Such asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms can result in the compounds of the invention comprising mixtures of stereoisomers at a particular asymmetrically substituted carbon atom or a.single stereoisomer. As a result, racemic mixtures, mixtures of diastereomers, single enantiomer, as well as single diastereomers of the compounds of the invention are included in the present invention. The terms "S" and "R" configuration, as used herein, are as defined by the iUPAC 1974 "RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SECTION E, FUNDAMENTAL STEREOCHEMISTRY," Pure Appl. Chem. 45:13-30, 1976.,Desired enantiomers can be obtained by.chiral synthesis from commercially available chiral starting materials by methods well known in the art, or may be obtained from mixtures of the enantiomers by separating the desired enantiomer by using known techniques. [0087] Compounds ofthis invention may also exhibit geometrical isomerism. Geometrical isomers include the cis and trans forms of compounds of the invention having alkenyl'or alkeliyrenyl moieties. The present invention comprises.the individual geometrical isomers and stereoisomers and mixtures thereof. C. Compound Preparation (0088] The compounds ofthis invention can be prepared from readily available starting materials using the following general methods and procedures. Unless otherwise indicated, the starting materials are commercially available and well known in the art It will be appreciated that where typical or preferred process conditions (i.e., reaction temperatures, times, mole ratios of reactants, solvents, pressures) are given, other process jjpnij.ijjiqns can also be used unless otherwise stated. Optimum reaction conditions may vary with the particular reactants or solvent used, but such conditions can be determined by one skilled in the art by routine optimization procedures. [0089] Additionally, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, conventional protecting groups may be necessary to prevent certain-functional.groups from undergoing undesired reactions. Suitable protecting groups for various functional groups as well as suitable conditions for protecting and deprotecting particular functional groups are well known in the art. For example, numerous protecting groups are described in "T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, Second Edition, Wiley,J^ew York, 1991, and references cited therein. [0090] Furthermore, the compounds of this invention may contain one or more chiral centers. Accordingly, if desired, such compounds can be prepared or isolated as pure stereoisomers, i.e., as individual enantiomers or diastereomers, or as stereoisomer- enriched mixtures. All such stereoisomers (and enriched mixtures) are included within the s'cope ofthis invention, unless otherwise indicated. Pure stereoisomers (or enriched mixtures) may be prepared using, for example, optically active starting materials or stereoselective reagents well-known in the art. Alternatively, racemic mixtures of such compounds can be separated using, for example, chiral column chromatography, chiral resolving agents, and the like. [0091] Compounds inihe present invention may be better understood by the' following synthetic Scheme that illustrate methods for the synthesis of compounds of the invention. Unless otherwise indicated, the reagents used in the following examples are commercially available and may be purchased from vendors such as Sigma-Aldrich Company,-tnc: {Milwaukee" WI>; IIS A). [0092] As discussed above, compounds of the invention have the following structure: where R'^.R^.R^R7, andR8 are as defined herein and R5' is-CH2-R5 (providaTthat R5 is not hydrogen) where R5 is as defineqLherein. PG refers to a suitable nitrogen protecting group suclrSs BOC. [0093] Specifically, in Step A, an appropriately protected (PG) amino acid la, is dissolved in a suitable amount of an inert solvent such as methanol or ethanol. It should be noted that amino.acid.la^is typically commercially available as are disubstituted amino acids (PG-NH-C(R')(R2)-COOH). To that is added a stoichiometric amount of a monovalent cation, such as cesium carbonate (CS2CO3) or potassium carbonate (K2CO3), to form the carboxylate salt (not shown). Upon substantial completion of the reaction, typically about 15 minutes to about 2 hours, excess solvent is removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. The residual cesium or potassium salt is then re- dissolved in a suitable solvent, such asDMF and then treated with one-to four equivalents of the appropriate o-halo-ketone lb (1 eq.), e.g., 2-bromoacetophenone and stirred at RT until the reaction is substantially complete. [0094] The product lc is then recovered by conventional methods such as extraction, filtration, evaporation, and the like. It is generally pure enough to use directly in the next step. [0095] To a stirred solution of keto-ester lc from step A in a suitable amount of inert solvent, such as xylenes, is added an excess of aminonium acetate, typically from about 2 to about.-20 equivalents and preferably about 5 equivalents. In one embodiment, a Dean-Stajjk trap is added and the reaction mixture is heated to about 120 °C.to,about 160 °C uritjjfthe-*eactiori is substantially complete. In another embodiment, the reactants are refluxed in toluene. Once the reaction is substantially complete, the mixture is allowed to cool to RT. The product', imidazole Id', i3"then recovered by conventional methods such as extraction, filtration, evaporation, and the like. It is generally pure enough to use directly in the next step. •«»s&2*- [0096] The imidazole Id is then reacted with an appropriate aryl or hete'roafyl-substituted alkyl halide, such as benzyl bromide. Typically, this can be accomplished by stirring the imidazole Id with an excess of potassium carbonate and DMF and then adding at least an equimolar amount>of the aryl or heteroaryl-substftuted alkyl halide. Once the reaction is substantially complete, the N-aLkyl imidazole le is recovered by conventional methods such as extraction, filtration, evaporation, recrystallization, and the like. [0091], Compounds of.the. invention when R8 is L-A1 and L is -S(O)q- may be synthesized using a suitable sulfonyl chloride. Descriptions of various sulfonyl chlorides may be found, for example, U.S. Patent 6,489,300, which is hereby incorporated by reference. [0098] In either case, imidazole le is used in the Step D below. [0099] The. protecting group, PG-is then removed by conventional tecliniquesjo^rovide amirie^ifiAvhicrTis then optionally purified by conventional methods such as extraction, filtration, evaporation, and the like. The amine If is used directly in the next step. [0100] Amine 1 f then undergoes conventional reductive amination with an appropriate aldehyde lg to yleld substituted amine lh which is then recovered and optionally purified by conventional methods such as extraction, filtration, evaporation, chromatography, and the like. [0101] In embodiments where R5 is hydrogen, Steps D and E may be skipped. In these embodiments, imidazole le is used in Step F to make the suitable carbamate. I [0102] The substituted amine lh from step E is then put into a solution with asuitable solvent such as methylene chloride and an excess of a suitable base, such as triethylamine. Then a suitabljejjarbamate-forrning agent, such as triphqsgene asishov/rci's -— - added to form carbamate li. Once the reaction is complete, the carbamate li is recovered by- conventional methods such as extraction, filtration, evaporation, and the like. The carbamate li is Used directly in the next step or may be optionally purified by conventional techniques. [0103] Carbamate li from step-Fis then combined with a slight excess of the appropriate amine lp to form the urea lj. Once the reaction is complete, the product lj is recovered by conventional methods such as extraction, filtration, evaporation, and the like. [0104] It will be well within me skill of me art to further modify the above preparation to synthesize other compounds of the invention. For example, reaction of suitableisocyanate with amine lh provides for urea compounds as illustrated, e.g., in •' Example 3. D. Pharmaceutical Formulations [0105] When employed as pharmaceuticals, the compounds of the subject invention are usually administered in the form of pharmaceutical compositions. These compositions can be administered by a variety of routes including oral, parenteral, transdermal, topical, rectal, and intranasal. These compounds are effective, for example, as both injectable and oral compositions. Such compositions are prepared in a manner well known in the pharmaceutical art and comprise at least one active compound. [0106] This invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions which contain, as the active ingredient, one or more of the compounds of the subject invention above associated with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. In making the compositions of this invention, the active ingredient is usually mixed with an excipient, diluted by an excipient or enclosed within such a carrier which can be in the form of a capsule, sachet, paper or other container. The excipient employed is typically an excipient suitable for administration to human subjects or other mammals. When the excipient serves as a diluent, it can be a solid, seini-solid, or liquid material, which acts as a vehicle, carrier or medium for the active ingredient. Thus, the compositions can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, sachets, cachets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols (as a solid or in a liquid medium), ointments containing, for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions, and sterile packaged powders. [0107] In preparing a formulation, it may be necessary to mill the active compound to provide the appropriate particle size prior to combining with the other ingredients. If the active compound is substantially insoluble, it ordinarily is milled to a particle size of less, than 200 mesh. If the active compound is substantially water soluble, the particle size is normally adjusted by milling to provide a substantially uniform distribution in the formulation, e.g., about 40 mesh. • [0108] Some examples of suitable excipients include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starches, gum acacia, calcium phosphate, alginates, tragacanth, gelatin, calcium silicate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, sterile water, syrup, and methyl cellulose. The formulations can additionally include: lubricating agents such as talc, magnesium stearafe, and mineral oil; wetting agents; emulsifylng -and suspending agents;, preserving agents suchas methyl- and propylhydroxy-benzoates; sweetening agents; and flavoring agents. The compositions of the invention can be formulated so as to provide quick, sustained or delayed release of the active ingredient after administration to the patient by employlng procedures known in the art. [0109] , The quantity of active component, that is the compound according to the subject invention, in the pharmaceutical composition and unit dosage form thereof may be varied or adjusted widely depending upon the particular application, the potency of the particular compound and the desired concentration. (0110) The compositions are preferably formulated in a unit dosage form, each dosage containing from about 1 to about 500 mg, usually about 5 to about 100 mg, occasionally about 10 to about 30.mg, of the active ingredient. The term "unit dosage forms refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce.the desiredjherapeutteeffect, in association with a suitable pharmaceutical excipient. Preferably, the compound of the subject invention above is employed at no more than about 20 weight percent of the pharmaceutical composition, more preferably no more than about 15 weight percent, with the balance being phaimaceutically inert carrier(s). [0111] The active compound is effective over a wide dosage range and is generally administered in a pharmaceutically or therapeutically effective amount. It will be understood, however, that the amount of the compound acrually.administered will be determined by a physician, in the light of the relevant circumstances, including the condition to be treated, the severity of the condition being treated, the chosen route of administration, the actual compound administered, the age, weight, and response of the individual patient, the severity of the patient's symptoms, and the like. [0112] In therapeutic use for treating, or combating, cancer in mammals, the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions thereof will be administered by any appropriate route, such as orally, topically, transdermally, and/or parenterally at a dosage to obtain and maintain a concentration, that is, an amount, or blood-level of active component in the mammal undergoing treatment that will be therapeutically effective. Generally, such therapeutically effective amount of dosage of active component (i.e., an effective dosage) will be in the range of about 0.1 to about 100, more preferably about 1.0 to about 50 mg/lcg of body weight/day. [0113] For preparing solid compositions such as tablets, the principal active ingredient is mixed with a pharmaceutical excipient to form a solid preformulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound of the present invention. When referring to these preformulation compositions as homogeneous, it is meant that the active ingredient is dispersed evenly throughout the composition so that the composition may be readily subdivided-into equally effective unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills and capsules. This solid preformulation is then subdivided into unit dosage forms of the type described above containing from, for example, 0.1 to about-500 mg of the active ingredientof the present invention. [0114] The tablets or pills of the present invention may be coated or otherwise compounded to provide a dosage form affording the advantage of prolonged action. For example, the tablet or pill can comprise an inner dosage and an outer dosage component, the latter being in the form of an envelope over the former. The two components can be separated by an enteric layer which serves to resist disintegration in the stomach and permit the inner component to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release. A variety of materials can be used for such enteric layers or coatings, such materials including a number of polymeric acids and mixtures of polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, cetyl alcohol, and cellulose acetate. [0115] The liquid forms in which the novel compositions of the present invention maybe incorporated for administration orally or by injection include aqueous solutions, suitably flavored syrups, aqueous or oil suspensions, and flavored emulsions with edible oils such as com oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, coconut oil, or peanut oil, as well as elixirs and similar pharmaceutical vehicles. .[0116] Compositions for inhalation or insufflation include solutions and suspensions in pharmaceutically acceptable, aqueous or organic solvents, or mixtures thereof, and powders. The liquid or solid compositions may contain suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients as described supra. Preferably the compositions are administered by the oral or nasal respiratory route for local or systemic effect. Compositions in preferably pharmaceutically acceptable solvents may be nebulized by use of inert gases. Nebulized solutions may be inhaled directly from the nebulizing device or the nebulizing device may be attached to a face mask tent, or intermittent positive pressure breathing machine. Solution, suspension, or powder compositions may be administered, preferably orally or nasally, from devices which deliver the formulation in an appropriate manner. [0117] The following formulation examples illustrate representative pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. Formulation Example 1 [0118). Hard gelatin capsules containing the following ingredients are prepared: Quantity Ingredient (mg/capsule) Active Ingredient 30.0 Starch 305.0 Magnesium stearate 5.0 [0119] The above ingredients are mixed and filled into hard gelatin capsules in 340.mg quantities. Formulation Example 2 [0120] A tablet formula is prepared using the ingredients below: Quantity Ingredient (mg/tablet) Active Ingredient 25.0 Cellulose, microcrystalline 200.0 Colloidal silicon dioxide 10.0 Stearic acid 5.0 [0121] The components are blended and compressed to form tablets, each weighing 240 mg. Formulation Example 3 [0122]- A dry powder-inhaler formulation is prepared containin] following components: Ingredient Weight % Active ingredient 5 Lactose 95 (0123] . The active ingredient is mixed with the lactose and the mixture is added to a dry powder inhaling appliance. Formulation Example 4 [0124] Tablets, each containing 30 mg of active ingredient, are prepared as follows Quantity Ingredient (mg/tablet) Active Ingredient 30.0 ,mg Starch 45.0 mg Microcrystalline cellulose 35.0 mg Polyvinylpyrrolidone 4.0 mg (as 10% solution in sterile water) Sodium carboxymethyl starch 4.5 mg Magnesium stearate 0.5 mg Talc 1.0 mg Total 120 mg [0125] The active ingredient, starch and cellulose are passed through a No. 20 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed thoroughly. The solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone is mixed with the resultant powders, which are then passed through a 16 mesh U.S. sieve. The granules so produced are dried at 50 °C to 60 °.C and passed through a 16 mesh U.S. sieve. The sodium carboxymethyl starch/magnesium stearate, and talc, previously passed through a No. 30 mesh U.S..sieve, are then' added to the granules which, after mixing, are compressed on a tablet machine to yleld tablets each weighing 120 mg. Formulation Example 5 [0126] Capsules, each containing 40 mg of medicament are made as follows: Quantity Ingredient (mg/capsule) Active Ingredient 40.0 mg Starch 109.0 mg Magnesium stearate . l.Omg Total 150.0 mg (0127] The active ingredient, starch and magnesium stearate are blended, passed through a No r20-mesh U.S. sieve, and filled into hard gelatin capsules in 150 mg quantities. Formulation Example 6 [0128] Suppositories, each containing 25 mg of active ingredient are made as follows: Ingredient Amount Active Ingredient 25 mg Saturated fatty acid glycerides to 2,000 mg [0129] The active ingredient is passed through a No. 60 mesh U.S. sieve and suspended in the saturated fatty acid glycerides previously melted using the minimum heat necessary. The mixture is then poured into a suppository mold of nominal 2.0 g capacity and allowed to cool. Formulation Example 7 [0130] Suspensions, each containing 50 mg of medicament per 5.0 mL dose are made as follows: Ingredient Amount Active Ingredient 50.0 mg Xanthangum 4.0 mg ' Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (11%) Microcrystalline cellulose (89%) 50.0 mg Sucrose 1.75 g Sodium benzoate 10.0 mg Flavor and Color q.v. Puri fied water to .5.0 mL [01-31] The active ingredient, sucrose and xanthan gum are blended, passed through a No. 1.0 mesh U.S. sieve, and then mixed with a previously made solution of the microcrystalline cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in water. The sodium benzoate, flavor, and color are diluted with some of the water andjgdded with stirring, Sufficient water is then added to produce the required volume. Formulation Example 8 Quantity Ingredient (mg/capsule) Active Ingredient 15.0 mg Starch 407.0 mg Magnesium stearate 3.0 mg Total 425.0 mg [0132] The active ingredient, starch, and magnesium stearate are blended, passed through a No. 20-mesh U.S. sieve, and filled into hard gelatin capsules in 425*0 mg quantities. Formulation Example 9 [0133] A subcutaneous formulation may be prepared as follows: Ingredient Quantity Active Ingredient 5.0 mg Com Oil. 1.0 mL Formulation Example 10 [0134] A topical formulation may be prepared as follows: Ingredient Quantity Active Ingredient 1-10 g Emulsifylng Wax 30 g Liquid Paraffin 20 g White Soft Paraffin to 100 g [0135] The white soft paraffin is heated until molten. The liquid parjffiru_ arid emulsifylng wax are incorporated and stirred until dissolved. The active ingredient is added and stirring is continued until dispersed. The mixture is then cooled until solid. Formulation Example 11 [0136] An intravenous formulation may be prepared as follows: Ingredient Quantity Active Ingredient 250 mg Isotonic saline ' 1000 mL [0137] Another preferred formulation employed in the methods of the present invention employs transdermal delivery devices ("patches")- Such transdermal patches may be used to provide continuous or discontinuous infusion of the compounds of the present invention in controlled amounts. The construction and use of transdermal patches for the delivery, of pharmaceutical agents is well known in the art. See, e.g., U.S. Patent 5,023,252, issued June 11, 1991, herein incorporated by reference. Such patches may be constructed for continuous, pulsatile.'or on demand delivery of pharmaceutical agents. [0138] Frequently, it will be desirable or necessary to introduce the pharmaceutical composition to the brain, either directly or indirectly. Direct techniques usually involve placement of a drug delivery catheter into the host's ventricular system to bypass the blood-brain barrier. One such implantable delivery system used for the transport of biological factors to specific anatomical regions of the body is described in U.S. Patent 5,011,472 which is herein incorporated by reference. [0139] Indirect techniques, which are generally preferred, usually involve formulating the compositions to provide for drug latentiation by the conversion of •hydrophilic drugs into lipid-soluble drugs. Latentiation is generally achieved through blocking of the hydroxy, carbonyl, sulfate, and primary amine groups present on the drug to render the drug more lipid soluble and amenable to transportation across the blood-brain barrier. Alternatively, the delivery of hydrophilic drugs may be enhanced by intra-arterial infusion of hypertonic solutions which can transiently open the blood-brain barrier. [0140] Other suitable formulations for use in the present invention can be found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Philadelphia, PA, 17th ed. (1985). E.- Dosage and Administration [0141] As noted above, the compounds described herein are suitable for use in a variety of drug delivery systems described above. Additionally, in order to enhance the in vivo serum half-life of the administered compound, the compounds may be encapsulated, introduced into the lumen of liposomes, prepared as a colloid, or other conventional techniques may be employed which provide an extended serum half-life of the compounds. A variety of methods are available for preparing liposomes, as described in, e.g., Szoka, et al.i U.S. Patent Nos. 4,235,871, 4,501,728 and 4,837,028 each of which is incorporated herein by reference. [0142] Comppunds of the instant invention are useful for inhibiting or treating a disorder mediated, at least in part, by the activity of KSP. In one aspect, the disorder that is mediated, at least in part by KSP, is a cellular proliferative disorder. The term "cellular proliferative disorder" or "cell proliferative disorder" refers to diseases including, for example, cancer, tumor, hyperplasia, restenosis, cardiac hypertrophy, immune disorder and inflammation. The present invention provides methods of treating a human or mammalian subject in need of such treatment, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula lor II, dither alone or in combination with other anticancer agents. [0143] The compounds of the invention are useful in vitro or in vivo in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. The term "cancer" refers to cancer diseases including, for example, lung and bronchus; prostate; breast; pancreas; colon and rectum; thyroid; stomach; liver and intrahepatic bile duct; kidney and renal pelvis; urinary bladder; uterine corpus; uterine cervix; ovary; multiple myeloma; esophagus; acute myelogenous leukemia; chronic myelognous leukemia; lymphocytic leukemia; myeloid leukemia; brain; oral cavity and pharynx; larynx; small intestine; non-hodgkin lymphoma; melanoma; and villous colon adenoma. [0144] Cancer also includes tumors or neoplasms selected from the group consisting of carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, sarcomas, and hematological malignancies. [0145] Additionally, the type of cancer can be selected from the group consisting of growth of solid tumors/malignancies, myxoid and round cell carcinoma, locally_ advanced tumors, human soft tissue carcinoma, cancer metastases, squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, oral carcinoma, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cancer of the adrenal cortex, ACTH-producing 'tumor's, nonsmall cell cancers, breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, urological cancers, malignancies of the female genital tract, malignancies of the male genital tract, kidney cancer, brain cancer, bone cancers, skin cancers, thyroid cancer, retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, peritoneal effusion, malignant pleural effusion, mesothelioma, Wilms's tumors, gall bladder cancer, trophoblastic neoplasms, hemangiopericytoma', and Kaposi's sarcoma. [0146] A compound or composition of this invention may be administered to a mammal by a suitable route, such as orally, intravenously, parenterally, transdermally, topically, rcctally, or intranasally. [0147] Mammals include, for example, humans and other primates, pet or companion animals, such as dogs and cats, laboratory animals, such as rats, mice and rabbits, and farm animals, such as horses, pigs, sheep, and cattle. [0148] Tumors or neoplasms include growths of tissue cells in which the multiplication of the cells is uncontrolled and progressive. Some such growths are benign, but others are termed "malignant" and can lead to death of the organism. Malignant neoplasms or "cancers" are distihpished from benign growths in that, in addition to exhibiting aggressive cellular proliferation, they can invade surrounding tissues and metastasize. Moreover, malignant neoplasms are characterized in that they show a greater loss of differentiation (greater "dedifferentiation") and organization relative to one another and to surrounding tissues. This property is called "anaplasia." [0149] Compounds having the desired biological activity may be modified as necessary to provide desired properties such as improved pharmacological properties (e.g., in vivo stability, bio-availability), or the ability to be detected in diagnostic applications. Stability can be assayed in a variety of ways such as by measuring the half-life of the compounds during incubation with peptidases or human plasma or serum. [0150] For diagnostic purposes, a wide variety of labels may be linked to the compounds, which-may provide, directry or indirectly, a detectable signal. Thus, the compounds and/or compositions of the subject invention may be modified in a variety of ways for a variety of end purposes while still retaining biological activity. In addition, various reactive sites may be introduced for linking to.particles, solid substrates, macrtimo]ecures, "and the like. [0151] . Labeled compounds can be used in a variety of in vivo or in vitro applications. "A wide variety of labels may be employed, such as radionuclides (e.g., gamma- emitting radioisotopes such as technetium-99 or indium-111), fluorescers (e.g., fluorescein), enzymes, enzyme-substrates, enzyme cofactors, enzyme inhibitors, chemiluminescent compounds, bioluminescent compounds, and the like. Those of ordinary skill in the art will know of other suitable labels for binding to the complexes, or will be able to ascertain such using routine" experimentation. The binding of these labels is achieved using standard techniques common to those of ordinary skill in the art. [0152] Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are suitable for use in a variety of drug delivery systems. Suitable formulations for use in the present invention are found in Remington's.Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mace Publishing Company, Philadelphia, Pa.„17thed..(1985). [0153] The amount administered to the patient will vary depending upon what is being administered, the purpose of the administration, such as prophylaxis or therapy, the; state of the patient, the manner of administration, and the like. In therapeutic applications, compositions are administered to a patient already suffering from a disease in an amount suTficieht to cure or at least partially arrest the progression or symptoms of the disease and its complications. An amount adequate to accomplish this is defined as "therapeutically effective dose." Amounts effective for this use will depend on the disease condition being treated as well as by the judgment of the attending clinician depending upon factors such as the severity of the disease, disorder or condition, the age, weight and general condition of the patient, and the like. . [0154J The compounds administered to a patient are typically in the form of pharmaceutical compositions described above. These compositions may be sterilized by . conventional sterilization techniques, or may be sterile filtered. The resulting aqueous solutions may be packaged for use as is, or lyophilized, the lyophilized preparation being combined with a sterile aqueous carrier prior to administration. The pH of the compound preparations typically will be between about 3 and 11, more preferably from about 5 to 9 and most preferably from about 7 to 8. It will be understood that use of certain of the foregoing excipients, carriers, or stabilizers will result in the formation of pharmaceutical salts. J0155] The therapeutic dosage of the compounds and/or compositions of the present invention will vary according to, for example, the particular use for which the treatment is made, the manner of administration of the compound, the" health and condition of the patient, and tRe judgment of the prescribing physician. For example, for oral administration, the dose will typically be in the range of about 5 ug to about 50 mg per kilogram body weight per day,.preferably about 1 mg to about 10 mg per kilogram body weight per day. In the alternative, for intravenous administration, the dose will typically be in the range of about 5 ug to about 50 mg per kilogram body weight, preferably about 500 ug to about 5000 ug per kilogram body weight. Alternative routes of administration contemplated include, but are not limited to, intranasal, transdermal, inhaled, subcutaneous and intramuscular. Effective doses can be extrapolated from dose-response curves derived from in vitro or animal model test systems. [0156] In general, the compounds and/or compositions of the subject invention will be administered in a therapeutically effective amount by any of the accepted modes of administration for agents that serve similar utilities. Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of such compounds can be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals, e.g., for determining the LD^ (the dose lethal to 50% of the population) and the ED5o (the dose therapeutically effective in 50% of the population). The dose ratio between toxic and therapeutic effects is the therapeutic index' and it can be expressed as the ratio LD50/ED50. Compounds that exhibit large therapeutic indices are preferred. [0157] The data obtained from the cell culture assays and animal studies can be used in formulating a range of dosage for use in humans. The dosage of such compounds lies preferably within a range of circulating concentrations that include the ED50 with littleor no toxicity. The dosage may vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed.and the route of administration utilized. For any compound and/or composition used in the method of the invention, the therapeutically effective dose can be estimated initially from cell culture assays. A dose may be formulated in animal models to achieve a circulating plasma concentration range which includes the IC50 (the concentration of the test compound which achieves a half-maximal inhibition of activity) as determined in cell culture. Such information can be used to more accurately determine useful doses in humans. Levels in plasma may be measured, for example, by high performance liquid chromatography. [0158] The following synthetic and biological examples are offered to illustrate this invention and are not to be construed in any way as limiting the scope of this invention. EXAMPLES [0159] Referring to the examples that follow, compounds of the present invention were synthesized.using the methods described herein, or other methods, which are well known in the art. [0160] The compounds and/or intermediates were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a Waters Millenium chromatography system with a 2690 Separation Module (Milford, MA). The analytical columns were AUtima C-18 reversed phase, 4.6 x 250 mm from Alltech (Deerfield, IL). A gradient elution was used, typically starting with 5% acetonitrile/95% water and progressing to 100% acetonitrile over a period of 40 minutes. All solvents contained 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Compounds were detected by ultraviolet light (UV) absorption at either 220 or 254 nm. HPLC-solvents were from Burdick and Jackson (Muskegan, MI), or Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). In some instances, purity was assessed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) using glass or plastic backed silica gel plates, such as, for example, Baker-Flex Silica Gel 1B2-F flexible sheets. TLC results were readily detected visually under ultraviolet light, or by employlng well known iodine vapor, and' other various staining techniques. [0161] Mass spectrometric analysis was performed on one of two LC/MS /instruments: a Waters System (Alliance HT HPLC and a Micromass ZQ mass spectrometer; Column: Eclipse XDB-C18, 2.1 x 50 mm; solvent system: 5-95% (or 35-95%, or 65-95% or 95-95%) acetonitrile in water with 0.05% TFA; flow rate 0.8 mL/min; molecular weight range 500-1500; cone Voltage 20 V; column temperature 40 °C) or a Hewlett Packard System (Series 1100 HPLC; Column: Eclipse XDB-C18, 2.1 x 50 mm; solvent system: 1-95% acetonitrile in water with 0.05% TFA; flow rate 0.4 mL/min; molecular weight range 150-850; cone Voltage 50 V; column temperature 30 °C). All masses were reported as those of the protonated parent ions. [0162] GC/MS analysis is performed on a Hewlett Packard instrument (FIP6890 Series gas chromatograph with a Mass Selective Detector 5973; injector volume: 1 mL; initial column temperature: 50 °C; final column temperature: 250 °C/ramp time: 20 minutes; gas flow rate: 1 mL/min; column: 5% phenyl methyl siloxane, Model No. HP 190915-443, dimensions: 30.0 m x 25 m x 0.25 m). [0163] Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis was performed on some of the compounds with a Varian 300 MHz NMR (Palo Alto, CA). The.spectral referenQCjvjis either TMS or the known chemical shift of the solvent. Some compound samples were run at elevated temperatures (e.g., 75 °C) to promote increased sample solubility. [0164] The purity of some of the invention compounds is assessed by elemental analysis (Desert Analytics, Tucson, AZ). [0165] Melting points are determined on a Laboratory Devices Mel-Temp apparatus (Holliston, MA). [0166] Preparative separations were carried out using a Flash 40 chromatography system and KP-Sil, 60A (Biotage, Charlottesville, VA), or by flash column chromatography using silica gel (230-400 mesh) packing material, or by HPLC using a C-18 reversed phase column. Typical solvents employed for the Flash 40 Biotage system and flash column chromatography were dichloromethane, methanol, EtOAc, hexane, acetone, aqueous hydroxyamine and triethyl amine. Typical solvents employed for the reverse phase HPLC were varylng concentrations of acetonitrile and water with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. . [0167] Unless otherwise stated all.temperatures are in degrees Celsius. Also, in these examples and elsewhere, abbreviations have the following meanings: [0168] A stirred 0.4 M solution of the appropriate N-Boc-acid (1 eq.), e.g., tert -butyl leucine 1-1 in EtOH/was treated with Cs2C03 (0.5 eq.). After 45 min, the EtOH was removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. The residual cesium salt was re- dissolved in DMF (1.5X volume of DMF used in the reaction) and then treated with the appropriate a-halo-ketone, e.g., 2-bromoacetophenone (1 eq.) and stirred at RT until the reaction was complete. The reaction mixture was then partitioned betweer^Ej.QAc and H2Q, and the organics separated, then washed with H2O (x3), brine (x3), then dried.(Na2S04), .filtered* and evaporated under reduceSd'pressure to give the keto ester 1-2 which was pure enough to use,directly in the next step. [0169] To a stirred 0.1 M solution of keto-ester 1-2 (1 eq.) in xylenes was added aminonium acetate (5 eq.). A Dean-Stark trap was added and the reaction heated to 140 °C. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was allowed to cool to RT, then partitioned between EtOAc and sat. aq. NaHCCh. The organics were separated, then washed withjat. aq. NaHC03 (x2), H20 (x3), brine (x3), then dried (Na2S04), filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure to give the phenyl imidazole 1-3 which was pure enough to use directly in the next step. [0170] To a stirred 0.4 M solution/ suspension of imidazole 1-3 (1 eq.)in DMF was added K2CO3 (2 eq.) and the benzylating agent, e.g., benzyl bromide (1.1 eq.). Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and H2O. The organic layer was separated and washed with H2O (x3), brine (x3), then dried (NaiSOj), filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure to give the crude benzyjated phenyl imidazole. The crude reaction material was then crystallized (EtOAc, hexanes) to give pure product 1-4. [0171] Boc-protected amine 1-4 was treated with 10% TFA in DCM. Once reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and then partitioned between EtOAc and sat. aq. NaHC03. The organics were separated, then washed with sat. aq. NaHC03 (x2), H20 (x2), brine (x2), then dried (Na2S04), filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure.to give the phenyl imidazole free amine 1-5 which was pure enough to use directly in the next step. [0172] A mixture of 0.83 M solution of N-Boc-3-formyl pyrrolidine 1-6 (1 eq.) in DMF, TMSC1 (2.5 eq.) and Et3N (5 eq.) was heated for 6 h. The mixture was then diluted with hexanes and filtered (Celite). The filtrate was then evaporated under reduced pressure to give the TMS enol ethers 1-7 as a mixture of £ and Z isomers that were used directly in the next step. ,[6173] To a 0.1 M solution of TMS enol ether 1-7 (1 eq.) in CH3CN was added SelectFlu6r®(l.l eq., available from Sigma-Aldrich). Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was evaporated under, reduced pressure and the remaining solid/oil was extracted with Et20 (x5). The ether extracts were evaporated under reduced pressure to give the crude aldehyde. Purification by silica gel chromatography afforded the desired aldehyde 1-8. [0174] To a stirred 0.1 M solution of (R)-amine 1-5 (1 eq.) from step D in DCM, was added aldehyde 1-8 (1.1 eq.) followed by AcOH (1 eq.) followed by sodium tris- acetoxyborohydride (1.5 eq.). After 19 h, further sodium tris-acetoxyborohydride (0.5 eq.) was added. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, partitioned between EtOAc and 1M NaOH. The.organics were separated, then washed with 1M NaOH (x2), H20 (xl), brine (x2), then'dried (Na2S04), filtered, and evaporated'under reduced pressure to give crude product. Purification by silica gel chromatography afforded the amine 1-9 as a mixture of (R,R) and (R,S) diastereomers. [0175] To a 0.08 M solution of (R) amine 1-9 from step F (1 eq'.) in DCM was added Et3N (4 eq.) followed by triphosgene (1.2 eq.). Once the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, partitioned between EtOAc and sat. aq. NaHC03. The organics were separated, then washed with sat. aq. NaHCCh (x2), H20 (xl), brine (x2), then dried (Na^SO-O, filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure to give crude trichlorocafbamate 1-10 which was used directly in the next step. [0176] To a stirred 0.16 M solution of trichlorocarbamate 1-10 from step G (.1 eq.)'in DCM was added DIPEA (5 eq.) followed by 4-piperidinopiperidine (3 eq.). Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, partitioned between EtOAc and sat. aq. NaHC03. The organics were separated, then washed with sat. aq. •NaHCGi ;(x2), H20 (x 1), brine (x2), then dried (Na2S04),filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure to give crude product as a mixture of 1-11 and l-12.This was purified by reverse phase prep. HPLC which separated the (RJR.) and the (R,S) diastereomers 1-11 and 12 [0177] Boc-protected a'mine 1-11 was treated with 10% TFA/ DCM. Once reactigfi^was complete, the reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure to give the title compound that was purified by reverse phase prep. HPLC to give the pure 76. Compound 77 (not shown here) was synthesized using the other isomer 1-12 from step H. Example 2 Prepat ationof N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fiuoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H- imidazoI-2-yl)^2,2-dimethylpropyl]piperazine-1-carboxamide (26) [0178] The phenyl imidazole 1-5 from step D of Example 1 (1 eq., 2.0 g) was combined with the aldehyde (1.3 eq., 1.56 g) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (2 eq., .'2;65 g) in 30 mL of methylene chloride. This was followed by acetic acid (2 eq., 0.72 mL) and the reaction was stirred at R.T under nitrogen overnight. The reaction was worked up with water, saturated sodium bicarbonate then saturated sodium chloride. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The material was purified on a column "and gave the resulting product 2-1 as 2.15 g of a white solid. [0179] The phenyl imidazole amine.2-1 (1 eq., 100 mg) was dissolved in 4 mL.of tetrahydrofuran and cooled down to 0 °C. Triphosgene (1.7 eq., 102 mg) was added to the; s'olution.followed by triethylamine (6 eq., 169 mL).-The reaction was stirred for 2 h and allowed to warm up to RT. The solvent was evaporated and the material dissolved in EtOAc arid worked up. as follows: water, saturated sodium'bicarbpnate and saturated s'odiurri. chloride. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and dried resulting in 133 mg;of the trichlorocarbarnate 2-2. [0180] The trichlorocarbarnate 2^2 (1 eq., 133 mg) from step B above was reacted with piperazine (10 eq., 175 mg) by stirring in 4 mL of tetrahydrofuran at RT for 2 h. The spiverit was evaporated and the material redissolved.in.EtOAc and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate and saturated sodium chloride. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated resulting in 115 mg of the urea as a mixtureof two isomers. The isomers were separated by purification, only isomer 2-3 is shown here. [0181] The Boc protected urea 2-3 from step C above (1 eq., 18 mg) was treated with 1 mL of 20% trifjuoroacetic acid in methylene chloride at RT for 2 h. The solvent was evaporated to give the final product 26. Compound 25 was synthesized using the other isomer from step C. Example 3 Preparation of N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H- imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(4-cyandpheny))urea (64) [0182] The phenyl imidazole amine 2-1 (1 eq., 15 mg) from Step A of Example 2 was reacted with 4-cyanophenyl isocyariate (10 eq., 44 mg) in 1 m'Lof tetrahydrofuran at 60 °C overnight. The solvent was evaporated and the material dissolved in EjOAc and washed with water, saturated sodium bicarbonate and saturated sodium chloride. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and dried. The Boc was deprotected following step D in Example 2; Example A..... Preparation of l-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2- dimethylpropyl]tetrahydropyrimidin-2(lH)-one (52) [0183] To a stirred solution of amine 1-5 from Step D of Example 1 (1.0 eq.) in DCM was added appropriate aldehyde (1.0 eq.). The mixture was allowed to stir for 5 min before the addition of sodium tris-acetoxyborohydride (1.0 eq.). Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, partitioned between EtOAc and 2M aq. Na2C03. The organic^ were separated, then washed with 2M aq. Na2C03 (x2), H20 (x2), brine (x2), then dried (Na2S04), filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure to give product 4-1 which was used directly in the next step. [0184J To a 50 mL flask was added 1.97 mL of 20% phosgene (10 eq.). it .toluene. To that was added a solution of product 4-1 from Step A (200 mg, 1 eq.) in dry ;E).CM;(3 mL) ahd'triethylamirie (0.517 mL, 10 eq.). The reaction rriixture was stirred at RT for about 10 min. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture wasdiluted in DCM, washed with .water, brine, dried (Na2S04), filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure. Purification on silica gel to afford 180 mg of carbamoyl chloride 4-2 as white solid. [0185] To a stirred solution of carbamoyl chloride 4-2 from step B (1 eq.) in -DMF was added 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (2 eq.), Et3N (2 eq.) and DMAP (1 eq.). The reaction was stirred at RT and progress was monitored by LC/MS. After completion, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was dissolved in ethanol and hydrazine was added. The reaction was stirred at RT. After completion, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and portioned between EtOAc and water. The organics were separated, then washed with 2 M aq. Na2CC>3 (x2), H20 (x2), brine (x2), then dried (Na2S04), filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure. Purification by reverse phase prep. HPLC afforded 52. MS: m/z 403.2 Examples Preparation of ^ {[(;3R,4R)-4-hydrbxypyrrolidin-3-yl]met^ N-[(1R)^1-(1-benzyl-4-pheny l-lIWmidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dirnethylpropyl]-ft-{ [(3S,4S)-4- hydrbxypyrrolidin-3-yl]me^ [0186] To a 100 mL round bottom flask was added 5.0 g (29.5 mmol) 2,5- dihydropyrrolg-rl-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester, 11.7 g (67.9 mmol) 3-chlorppejpxybenzoic acid, and 70 mL of DCM. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature under nitrogen for 20 h. Excess IN NaOH was then added and the reaction mixture was extracted with DCM (x3). The product was determined by thin layer chromatography (4:1 hexanes: EtOAc) using nirihydriri stain. The organic layers were combined, dried over MgSCM, and the solvent was removed-m vacwo ylelding 5.1974 g (28.1 mmol, 95%) of product 5-1 as a yellow oil. [0187] To a dry 200 mL round bottom flask was added 4.31 g (23.3 mmol) product 5-1 fronrstep A, 0.21 g (2.33 mmol) copper cyanide, and 50 mL anhydrous THF and the resulting solution was cooled to -78 °C. To the reaction mixture was then added drdpwise 73.3 mL (73.3 mmol) vinylmagnesium bromide and the resulting solution was allowed to Warm slowly to ambient temperature under nitrogen over the course of 7 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4CI and extracted with EtOAc (x3). The product was determined by thin layer chromatography (2:1 hexanes: EtOAc) using ninhydrin stain. The organic layers were combined,.dried oyer MgS64,.and thesolvent was removed in vacuo ylelding 4.75 g product 5-2 as a tan oil. [0188] To a solution of.2.0 g (9.4 mmol) of product 5-2 from step B in 30 mL of TKF and 15 mL of H20, was added 3.5 g (16.4 mmol). of NaI04 and 0.23 mL (0.94 'fflrhol) of Os04. Formation of a white precipitate was observed after approximately 30 minutes. The reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography^.: 1 hexanes: EtOAc) uMhg^iihhydrinstain. Stirring continued for an additional 7 h at ambient temperature under nitrogen and the reaction was then quenched with H2O and extracted with EtOAc (x3). The organic layers were combined, washed with saturated NaHCCh and brine, dried over MgSCU, and the solvent was removed in vacuo ylelding 1.35 g (6.3 mmol, 67%) product 5-3 as a tan foam. [0189] To a dry 100 mL round bottom flask was added 1.6 g (5.0 mmol) of phenylimidazole free amine 1-5 from step D of Example 1, 1.35 g (6.26 mmol) of product 5- 3 from step C above, 1.38 g (6!5 rrimol) sodium tris-acetoxyborohydride, 25 mL anhydrous iJ'Clylf; .arid 0.37 mL (6/5 mmbl)a6etic acid. The resulting solution was stirred at arnbient . temperature under nitrogen for 2 h. Excess DCM was then added to the reaction mixture. The organic layer was washed with H20, saturated NaHCCh (x2), and brine (x2). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO'4 and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The resulting crude material was subjected to flash column chromatography and the product was eluted with a gradient of hexanes, 20% EtOAc in hexanes, 50% EtOAc in hexanes, and 10% methanol.and 0.3% aminonia in DCM ylelding 1.56 g (3.0 rhmol, 60%) product 5-4 as a tan foam. Product 5-4 was provided as a mixture of diastereomers. [0190] MH+ = 519.3 [0191] To a 25 mL round bottom flask was added 0.2 g (0.39 mmol) product 5-4-from step D, 0.04 g (0.56 mmol) imidazole, 0.08 g (0.56 mmol) tert- butylchlorodimethylsilane, 0.005 g (0.04 mmol) DMAP, and 3 mL DMF. The resulting solution was stirred at ambient temperature under nitrogen for 24 h. The reaction was quenched with H2O and extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated NaHCCh and brine, dried over MgSC>4, and the solvent was removed in vacuo ylelding 0.28 g (0.44 mmol, 113%) product 5-5 as a crude tan oil. MH+ = 633.3 [0192] To a solution of 0.05 g (0.08 mmol) product 5-5 from step E in 1 mL of anhydrous THF at 0 °C, was added 0.04 g (0.14 mmol) triphosgene and 0.07 mL (0.48 :mmol) triethylamine. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC (4:1 hexanes: EtOAc). After the completion of the reaction, H2O was added and it was extracted with EtOAc (x2). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated NaHCCb and brine, dried over MgS04, and the solvent was removed in vacuo ylelding 0.08 g •(0.10 mmol,. 125%) product 5-6 as a crude tan oil. [0193] To a dry reaction vial was added 0.08 g (0.1 mmol) product 5-6 forrr step F, 0.17 g (1.0 mmol) 4-piperidinopiperidine, and 1.5 mL anhydrous THF. The resulting solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 20 h. The reaction was then quenched with :H2.p and: extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined; organic4ayers were washed with H20, saturated NaHCCh and brine, dried over MgS04, and the solvent was removed in vacuo ylelding 0.06 g (0.07 mmol, 73%) product 5-7 as a crude tan oil. MH+ = 827.5 [0194] To a reaction vial was added 0.028 g (0.03 mrriol) product 5-7 from step G and 0.5 mL THF and the resulting solution was cooled to 0 °C. To the reaction mixture was then added 0.05 g (0.17 mmol) tetrabutylamrnonium fluoride and the reaction was allowed to warm to ambient temperature over 1 h. The reaction was then quenched with saturated-NH4Cl, extracted with EtOAc (x3), and the combined organic layers were dried over MgS04, and the solvent was removed in vacuo ylelding 0;05 g (0.07 mmol, 213%) product 5-8 as a crude tan/yellow foam. MH+,= 713.4 [0195] To a reaction vial was added 0.05 g (0.07 mrnol) product 5-8 from step H, 1.0 mL DCM,and 0.1 mLTFA and the resulting solution was shaken at ambient temperature, for 2h. The solvent was then removed in vacuo and the crude reaction material ,was purified by reverse phase HPLC ylelding 3.8 mg (0.006 mrnol, 9%) 83 as a white TFA •salt and 4.6 mg (0.008 mrnol, 11%) 84 (other diastereomer not shown here) as a white TFA salt. MH+«of 83^.614^4-and MH+-of-84-^.6.13,3__.„^^_ [0196] To a stirred solution of anhydrous K2C03 (46.53 g, 0.3371 rriolj in DMF (500 mL), D-serinefnethyl; ester hyd'r6'cnloride-(35.0 g,0.2250 rhol), Kl (18.66 g, .0.1124 mol) and benzyl-bromide (96.18 g, 0:5 623'mol) were added in one shot. The reaction mixture was stirred vigorously for 5 h at RT. After completion of the reaction, the contents were poured into ice water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na2S04 and concentrated to give a crude product 6-2. Purification was carried out by column chromatography to yleld pure (61.7 g, 91.7%) as pale yellow oil. [0197] To a stirred solution of diethylamine sulphur trifluoride (32.3 mL, 0.2006 mol) in THF (400 mL), was added compound 6-2 during the span of 3 h at RT. After compietion.of addition, stirringwas continued for further 1 h. The mixture was extracted with ethylacetate and combined organic phase was washed with saturated solution of NaHC03rR~ernoval of solvent under vacuum lead to a crude product, which-was purified by column chromatography using hexane grading to 3% EtOAc in hexane afforded product 6-3 (70.4g, 69.9%) as pale yellow oil. [0198] To a mechanically stirred solution of LiBJLt (230.8 mL, 0.4651 mol) in THF (2.0 L), methyl ester (100.0 g, 0.3322 mol) in THF (1.0 L) was added dropwise 6-3 ■through addition funnel during the span of 3h at -15 °C under N2. After the completion of addition, stirring was continued for 4 h at RT. Saturated sojution of NH4G1 (500 mL) was added dropwise to the above mixture and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic phase was washed with water, brine, dried over T^SCU and concentrated under vacuum. Residual oil was dissolved in IN HC1 (200 mL), extracted with diethylether and pH of the aq. layer was adjusted to. .10 with the help of NH4OH (50%,-300 mL). The resultant was extracted with 'EtOAc and combined extracts were concentrated under vacuum to give product 6-4 (S6.2g,:95.0%) as pale brown oil. [0199] A mixture of alcohol 6-4 (50. g, 0:18315 mol) and Pd(OH)2 on carbon. (20%, 6.26 g, 0.04395 mol) in absolute ethanol (500 mL) was stirred for 7 h under the pressure ofhydrogen at 50-60 psi. After the reaction, charcoal was removed by filtration and residue was concentrated on rota evaporator to provide for product 6-5 (15.8 g, 92.7%) as pale brown oil. ^[0200] to a stirred mixture of amino alcohol 6-5 (15.0 g, 0.16129 mol) and K2CO3 (33.39 g, 0.24195. mol) in aq. dioxane (about 25%, 375 mL dioxane in 125 mL water), (Bbc^O (38.66 g, 0.17733 mol) was added drop wise at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred ovemight-at RT after the addition. Saturated solution of KHSO4 was added to the "above mixture to adjust the pH 3-4 and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was concentrated under.vacuum to give pure product 6-6 (27.7 g, 89.0%) as a pale brown oil. '■■ ; [0201] To a cooled (-78 CC), stirred solution of oxalyl chloride (84 mmol) in CH2GI2 (180 mL) was added a solution.pf DMSO (168 mmol) in CH2C12 (90 mL). After 1 h, a solution of alcohol 6-6 (56 mmol) in CH2G2 (90 mL) was added. After 1 h, triethyl amine (281 mmol) was added and stirred for a furtherhour. Then a solution of saturated aq. NH4CI was added and allowed to warm to RT. The-organics were separated, washed with H2O (x2), saturated brine (x2), thendried, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to give the . .crude aldehyde. Purification by column chromatography affored the pure (S)-aldehyde 6-7. [0202] Starting from the other enantiomer, (Z)-serine methyl ester leads to the (R) enantiomer (6-8).- __J02Q3] To a stirred solution of-compound 7-1 (10.0 rnmol) in 20 mLof DCM was'acTded 10 mLofTFA. The mixture was stirred at RT for 24 h. The reaction progress was followed by LC/MS. After completion, the solvent and TFA were removed by evaporation,under reduced pressure and lyophilization to get white solid as TFA salts. The crude solid was suspended in 50 mL of THF and N-carboethoxy phthalimide (10.5 mmol), Et3N (10 mmol) were-added. The mixture was refluxed under N2 for 18 h. The reaction was cooled and the solvents were evaporated. DCM was added and washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filter and concentrated. Purifipation by chromatography on silica gel column (hexane/EtOAc) to give 2.68 g of colorless oil, compound 7-2.. [0204] To a stirred solution of (S)-3-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-2-( 1,3- . dio^pisoihdolin-2-yl)propanoic acid (compound 7-2, 6.07 mmol) in 30 mL of-dry THF at -15 °C were successively added N-methylmorpholine (6.07 mmol),.iso-butylchloroformate (6.07 rnmol): -After stirring for 5 min at -15 °C, a solution'of NaBK, (689 mg, 1.8.21 mmol) in 2.73,. mL of water were added at once. The reaction was stirred at -15 °C for 2 min, then hydro lyzed. with water (30 mL). Extracted with EtOAc (x 3), Washed With water (x 3), brine .'(x-liadned over sodium sulfate, filled, concentrated. Purification by chromatography on silica gel column (hexane/EtOAc) to give 1.9 g of colorless oil, compound 7-3. [0205] . To a stirred solution of (S)-benzyl 4-hydroxy-3-(l,3-dioxoisoindolin- 2-.yl)butanoate (7-3, 5.6 mmol) in acetonitrile (28 mL) were added perfluoro-1-butane sulfohyl fluoride (44.8 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (44.8 mmol), and diisoprppylethylarninie trihydrofluoride (134 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 50 °C overnight. The reaction progress was followed by LC/MS. After completion, the reaction Was cooled'to RT and then evaporated under reduced pressure. The mixture was then partitioned with DCM, washed with water (x 3), brine (x2), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated. Purification by chromatography on silica gel column (hexane/EtOA.c) to give light yellow oil, compound 7-4. [0206] To a stirred solution of (S)-benzyl 4-fluoro-3-(l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2- -yl)butanoate (compound 7-4, 0.5 mmol) in dry ether (5 mL) was added dropwise to diifoButylaluminum hydride (1.0 M in toluene, 1.5 mmol) at -78 °C. The reaction was stirred at -78 °G for approximately 30 min as monitored by LC/MS. After'complction, the reaction was.quenched by adding water (10 mL) at--78-pG. Extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with water (x3), brine (x2), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product, compound 7-5, was used in the next reaction step. [0207] To prepare (S)-4-fluoro-3-(l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanoic acid, compound 7-4 (0.20 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (5 mL). This solution was purged with nitrogen for 10 minutes, then 10% palladium on carbon was added, (0.02 mmol of palladium) under an.atmosphere of nitrogen. Hydrogen was then bubbled rapidly through the solution, while stirring, for approximately 1 h. The reaction progress was followed with LC/MS; [0208] The reaction mixture was filtered through celite to remove the palladium. The celite was rinsed twice with methylene chloride. The filtrate was then concentrated to give the crude product, compound 7-6. The crude product was used for the next- reaction step. [0209] Compound 7-5 (0.20 mmol), .1,3 dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (0.30 mmbl), ethanethiol (0.6 mmol), and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.10 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (5 mL). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction was- monitored with LC/MS. [0210] EtOAc was added to the reaction mixture. This was then washed with water (2x) and brine (2X). The EtOAc layer was then dried over sodium sulfate,- filtered, and concentrated. The crude:product, compound 7-7, was then purified using flash chromatography.. . [0211] Compound 7-7 (0.20 mmol) was dissolved in dry acetone (10 mL). 10% Palladium (0.02 rnrnol) on carbon was then added under an atmosphere of nitrogen. Triethyl silane (0.5 mmol) was then added. Bubbling occurred after about 10 seconds, and the reaction was allowed to continue until the bubbling ceased (30 rnin). The reaction was monitored using LC/MS. [0212] The reaction mixture was filtered through a celite plug.. The plug was washed twice with methylene chloride, and the filtrate was then concentrated to give the crude product, compound 7-5. The crude product was used in the next reaction. [0213] Starting from the other (R) enantiomer, (R)-3-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)- 2-(l,3-dioxoisbindoiin-2-yl)propanoic acid, leads to the (R) enantiomer (7-8), having the. following chemical structure: Step A: Preparation of Compound 7-10 [0214) Methanol (300 mL) was charged to a 1000 mL round bottom flask and the system wascooled with an ice bath. Ac.etyl chloride (89.3 mL; 1251 mmol) was added dropwise over a period of 15 minutes. The resulting solution^vyas warmed to ambient temperature and the (S)-2-amino-4-pentenoic acid (7-9) (6.0 g; 139 mmol) was added in a •single portion. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for two hours and was then cooled to ambient temperature. The mixture was then concentrated in vacuo to provide a pale yellow oil. The product was dispersed in ethyl acetate (150 mL) and was again concentrated in vacuo. This sequence was repeated four times. The product 7-10 was an oil that solidified upon standing under vacuum overnight. !H NMR analysis showed the product to be of sufficient purity for use without further purification. [021St TLC:R^1-L(silica;eluant 5:3:1 CHCl3:MeOH:(7:3 H20:-A;c£)H); visualization with ninhydrin). [0216] \ 'H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): 5.5.84-5,.73.(m,^,^.3^>5,26 (m, 2H), 4.17(dd, 1H, J=7;:0, 1.6 MHz), 3.84 (s, 311), 2.73-2.65 (m, 2H)- (400 MHz, c/6-DMSO): S8.7 (br s, 3H), 5:81^/73 (m, 1H),:5.21-5.14 (m, 2H), 4.11 (t, \R, .7=6.1 Hz), 3.72.(s, 3H), 2:60 (dd,2H, .7=7.1, 0.9 Hz). [0217] 13CNMR(101 MHz, c/6-DMSO): 5 169.33, 131,37,119.88, 52.65,:. 51.65, 34-.S2-. StepB: Preparation of Compound 7-11 [0218] The crude (S)-methyl-2-arnino-4-pentenoate hydrochloride (7-10) from the previous step was dissolved in THF (190 mL) with gentle warming. The resulting solution was added dropwise to a solution of L1AIH4 in THF (280 mL of a 1.0 M solution) at a rate such that the internal temperature remained at approximately 5 °C. Periodically, slight heating was-used to warm the addition funnel containing the (S)-methyl-2-amino-4- peritenbate hydrochloride solution to redissolve crystallized amino ester. Upon completion of addition, the addition runnel was rinsed with an additional. 20 mL portion of THF. The •mixture was then diluted with diethyl ether (500 mL) and the excess LiAffiU.was destroyed by the sequential addition of H20 (11 mL), 15% (w/v) aqueous NaOH (11 mL) and H20 (33 mL) added at a rate such that the internal temperature remained below 10 °C. The mixture _Was filtered..and the filter cake was washed with additional diethyl ether. The filtrate was dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to provide a yellow liquid (7-11; 13.4 g; 95% mass recovery based upon 139.0 mmol of (S)-2- amino-4-pentenoic acid). The amino alcohol (7-11) may be purified by distillation (110 °C; 20 torr). However, minimal improvement was observed in the subsequent step so the crude material was generally used without further purification. [0219]" 'HNMR (400 MHz, J6-DMSO): 5 5.87-5.77 (m, 1H), 5.05-4.97 (m, 2H),.3\26 (dd, 1H, J=10.3, 5.1 Hz), 3.14 (dd, 1H, J=10.3, 6.7 Hz), 2.69-2.63 (m, 1H),.2.15- 2.09 (m, 1H), 1.92-1.86 (m, 1H). [0220] 13CNMR(101 MHz, d6-i>MSO): 5 136.49,116.31, 66.13, 52.53, 38.5L - Step C: Preparation of Compound 7-12 [0221] (S)-2-Amino-4-pentenpl (7-11; 13.4 g; 132.5 mmol) and Na2COT (70.8 g; 668.0 mmol) were dissolved in H20 (400 mL). CH3CN (700 mL) and methyl-2- [(succihimidooxy)carbonyl]benzoate (33.1 g; 119.4 mmol) were added'and'the resulting mixture was vigorously stirred at ambient temperature. After 2 hours', TLC analysis showed the consumption of methyl-2-[(succimimidooxy)'carbonyl]benzoate.. The majority of the CH3CN was removed on a rotary evaporator and the remaining material was transferred to a separatory funnel and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). - The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with.0.5 M HCl (2 x 250 mL) and brine (250 mL). The EtOAc phase was dried over;-Na2S04, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide a yellow oil (7-12; 19.3g; 70%) that was used in the next step without further purification. [0222] 'HNMR (4.00 MHz, ^6-DMSO): 5 7.90-7.83 (m, 4H), 5.74-5.64 (m, 1H), 4.99,4.91 (rh; 3H), 4.27-4.20 (m.'lH), 3.90-3.84 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.58 (in, 1H), 2.64-2.44 (m,2H). [0223] 13CNMR(101 MHz, J6-DMSO): 5 168.25, 134.86, 134.42, 131.37, 122.94, 117.41, 60.63, 53.47,32.59. Step D: Preparation of Compound 7-13 [0224] N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (215 mL; 1240 mmol), triethylamine trihydrofluoride (81 mL; 496 mmol) and per-fluoro-1-butanesulfonyl fluoride (15.0 mL; 83.5 mmol) were added to a solution of 7-12 (19.1 g; 82.7 mmol) in PhCF3 (310 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at ambient temperature. Additional perfluoro-1-butanesulfonyl fluoride (7.5 mL; 41.8 mmol) was added after each of 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes. After a total of 18 hours, the reaction mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel and was washed twice with 1.0 N HCl, twice with saturated aqueous NaHC03 and once with H20. The organic phase was dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated to provide an orange oil. The crude material was loaded onto a pad of silica and eluted with 4:1 hexane:EtOAc to provide the product (7-13) as a yellow oil (15.4 g; 80%). [0225] 'H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO): 5 7.88-7.81 (m, 4H), 5.77-5.66 (m, 1H), 5.04-4.88 (m, 2.5H), 4.80-4.73 (mrtH), 4.65-4.61 (m, 0.5H), 4.60-4.49 (m, 1H), 2.68- 2,47 (m,2H). [0226] ,3CNMR(101 MHz, J6-DMSO): 5 167.87, 134.79, 133.77, 130.94, 123.2.6,118.21, 81.82 (d,.^=170 Hz)r50:47 (d,y^l-9-Hz), 31.40 (d,J=6 Hz). Step E: PreparationofCompound 7-8 [0227] Compound 743 (15.3 mmol) was dissolved in 2:1 CH30H:H20 (1500 mL) and a solution of OSCM in H20 (29.3 mL of a 4% w/v solution) was added. NaI04 •(42. ,2 g; .197.2 mmol) was then added in a single portion and the resulting mixture was stirred at ambient temperature. After 3 hours, the mixture was filtered to remove precipitated solids and the filter cake was washed with EtOAc. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the majority of the organic solvents. The residue was extracted with three portions of EtOAc and the combined EtOAc extracts were dried over Na2SC>4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue.was dissolved in CH2CI2, loaded onto a pad of silica gel and sequentially eluted with 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 100% EtOAc in hexane. Compound 7-8 was present in the 3O%-50% fractions but contaminated with a more-polar impurity. The fractions were combined and concentrated and the residue was applied to a second pad of silica and eluted with 30% EtOAc in hexane to provide Compound 7-8 as a light yellow solid (11.1 g; 72%) [0228] 'H NMR (400 MHz, c?6-DMSO): 5 9.61 (s, 1H), 7.91-7.83 (m, 4H), 4.97-4.94 (m, 1H), 4.78 (t, 0.5H, ./=9.3Hz), 4.69-4.64 (m, 1H), 4.57-4.53 (m, 0.5H), 3.28- 3:02(m,'2H). [0229] 13CNMR(101 MHz, 6-DMSO): 8 200.14, 167.65, 134.73, .13.1.15, 123.24, 81.80 (d,J=171Hz), 44.81 (d,y=21Hz), 40.64 (d, 7=6Hz). [0230] Compound^7-9 was refluxed with 2.2 equivalents of phthalic anhydride in the presence of 2.2 equivalents triethylamine in ethyl acetate until the reaction was complete. The solvent was removed under pressure. The residual was dissolved in water with a pH of 4 and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed twice with water having a pH of 4. Then, the organic phase was dried with; sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed providing 7-14 as a white solid. Step B: Preparation of Compound 7-12 [0231] Compound 7-14 and 1.2 equivalents of DIEA and 1.1 equivalent of BOP in THF was stirred at room temperature until a clear solution formed. The solution was cooled to 0 °C, and then 1.0 equivalent of NaBKU was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C under ~N2 until reaction completion. The solvent to changed to DCM and the reaction was washed once with water. The DCM phase was loaded onto a silica gel plug, and flushed with 15% EtOAc in hexanes to give Compound 7-12 as a colorless oil. [0232] Azeotropic mixture of (S)-ethyl 3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino) butanoate 8-1 (1 eq.) and toluene (x=3) was dissolved in dichloromethane and cooled to - ■78°C. Then I'M solution of DIB AL in toluene (2 eq.) was added dropwise under N2 atmosphere and stirred at -78 °C for 2 h. [0233] The reaction was quenched with methanol and concentrated. To the concentrated residue, was added 2 M potassium sodium tartrate solution at 0°C and stirred vigorouslyltroorn temperature for 30 min. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, evaporated and dried under reduced pressure to provide compound 8-2 as a light yellow viscous liquid. [0234] \MS:MH+ =188.2 [0235] To (R) -benzyl 3-aminobutyrate sulfate salt 9-1 (1 eq.) in THF was added Boc-anhydride (2 eq.) and diisopropylethylamine (4 eq.). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 72 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was separated, washed with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, evaporated and dried under reduced pressure to provide compound 9-2 as a white solid. [0236] MS:MH+ =294.0 [0237] Azeotropic mixture of (R)-((benzyl) 3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino) butanoate 9-2 (1 eq.) and toluene (x=3) was dissolved in dichloromethane and cooled to - 78°C. A 1 M solution of DIBAL in toluene (2 eq.) was added dropwise under N2 atmosphere and stirred at -78°C for 2 h. The reaction was quenched with methanol and then concentrated. To the concentrated residue was added 2 M potassium sodium tartrate solution at 0 °.Q and.stirred vigorously at room temperature for 30 min. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, evaporated and dried under reduced pressure to provide compound 9-3 as a colorless viscous liquid. [0239] To 3-amino-3-methyl-butyric acid 10-1(1 eq.) in methanol at 0°C "was added 2 eq. of thionyl chloride. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. The solvent was evaporated-to give azeotropic mixture of 10-2 and toluene (x=3) which was used for Step B. ; [0240] MS:MH+ =132.1 [0241] To methyl 3-amino-3-methylbutanoate HC1 salt 10-2 (1 eq.) in THF was addedB.oc-anhydride (2 eq.) and diisopropylethylamine (4 eq.). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was separated, washed with water and.brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, evaporated and dried under reduced pressure to provide product 10-3 as a white solid. [0242] MS:MH+ =232,1 [0243] Azeo'tropic mixture of methyl 3-tert-butoxycarbonylarhino)-3- methylbutanoate 10-3 (1 eq.) and toluene (x=3) was dissolved in dichlorbmethane and cooled to -78°C. To this was added dropwise 1 M solution of DIBAL in toluene (2 eq.) under N2 atmosphere and stirred at -78°C for 2 h. The reaction was quenched with methanol and concentrated. To concentrated residue was added 2 M potassium sodium tartrate solution at 0°C and stirred vigorously at room temperature for 30 mih. The mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, evaporated and dried under reduced pressure to provide product 10-4 as a colorless viscous liquid. [0244] MS: MH+ =202.1 [0245] . To a 5-necked flask containing 1 eq. of Compound 11-1 was added 0.7 eq. of K2CO3 to give a 0.25M solution of K2CO3 in acetone. After being stirred under N2 for 45 minutes, 1.0 eq. of Compound 11-2 in 1 M of acetone was added followed by addition • of 0.2 eq. of KI in 5 M acetone. When the reaction is completed (about 3 hours), the reaction mixture was cooled with an ice bath. Ice water (equal to approximately 2.5 X volume of acetone used in reaction) was added via addition funnel at such a speed that the temperature - did not exceed 15 °C. After being stirred in an ice bath for one hour, the product was collected by vacuum filtration. The filter cake was.washed 3 times with 20% acetone and 3 . .times, with water. The filter cake was air-dried and further dried in an oven, at 50°C/5 torr until a consistent weight is reached. yleld 96%;. HPLC purity; 99%; StepB: Preparation of Compound 11-4 [0246] To a 0.19 M toluene solution of 11-3 in a reaction flask was added 20 eq. of NKjOAc. The rhixture was stirred under reflux until the reaction was completed' (about §_h). It was cooled to RT and then water (equal to approximately one fourth of the volume of toluene used in the reaction) was added, the organic phase was separated and washed with water, sat. NaHGCh, and dried overMgSO^ The solvent was removed in vacuo to give 11-4. yleld 99.6%. HPLC purity: 91.4%. Step C: Preparation of Compound 11-5 [0247] A flask containing a 0.5 M DMF and K2C03 solution of 11-4 was stirred under N2 for 30 min at 6-5 °C, and then 1.1 eq. of PhCH2Br was added to it. The . mixture was then stirred at RT overnight. It was then stirred in an ice bath during which ice water (approximately equal to the volume of DMF used in the reaction) was added dropwise. The product was collected by vacuum filtration, washed twice with 50% DMF, twice with 25% DMF and three times with water. The solid was.drigdjn an oven at_5P..0C / 5 torr. yleld 95%. HPLC:purity: 94%. Step D: Preparation of Compound 11-6 [0248] MeOH was added to a flask and placed in an ice b,ath._To.this was. - added 9.85 eq. of CH3COCl dropwi'se over 30 min. followed by 1 eq. of 11-5 to form.a 0.25M solution of 11-5 in MeOH. The mixture was stirred at RT until the reaction was completed (about 12 h). After removing the solvent under-reduced pressure, the obtained solid was suspended in MeOH (equal to approximately one half of the volume of MeOH used in the reaction) and"stirred afO-5 °C. To this mixture were added 2.5 M NaOH / MeOH solution dropwise until the pH reached about-10 and water was then added. After being stirred at 0-5 °C for 1 h,lhe product was collected by filtration. It was dried in an oven at 50 °C7 5 torr. yleld 90.5%. HPLC purity: 97.0%. Optical purity was determined to be >99% (enantiomeric excess (ee)). [0249] To a 500 mL round bottom flask was added Compound.l2jJ C7.95;g;__ 25.7 mmol), 16.0 g of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl pyridine (16.0 g; 77.9 mmol) and 100 mL anhydrous DCM. Subsequently^ 11.36 g of methyl-trifluoromethane sulfonate was added. The*eaction mixture was stirred at room temperature under N2 and monitored by HPLC. HPLC monitoring showed att^-17 h that there was 76.0% Compound 12-2, 9.9% Compound 12-1, 14.1% byproduct; at t=20 h, there was 76.4% Compound 12-2, 16.2% byproduct, 7.4% Compound 12-1. The reaction was stopped by filtering out the solids. The solids were washed with CH2C12. The combined filtrate was washed with 0.5 N HC1 (2 x 100 mL) and dried with Na2SQ4 arid concentrated. Flash column chromatography (200 g silica gel, 20% EtOAc in hexanes) gave 5.28g of tan oilas 12-2. HPLC purity=93.9% and used for the next step. Step B: Preparation of Compound 12-3 10250] A solution of Compound 12-2 (1.1 Og, 3.6 mrnol)in anhydrous DCM (22 mL) was cooled to -78 °C. DIBAL (7.12 mL of1.0M solution in CH2Cl2)was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at -120 °C ±3 °C (external temperature) and monitored by HPLC. An in process control (IPC) sample was instantly quenched in pre-chilled MeOH'St- 120 °C and then prepared for HPLC for t=0 reading, the mtemal. temperature was maintained at -118 °C + 3 °C. AUEPC samples :(t=0,,t=l h, t=2 h) indicated, the absence of Compound 12-2 in the reaction mixture. The reaction was deemed complete at t=3 h and quenched with methanol. A temperature of-120 °C + 2 °C was maintained during the entire quenching process. HPLC indicated reaction mixture contained an aldehyde: alcohol ratio of 95.1:4.9. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness then redissolved inCHkCla,. washed in Na2C03 (2 x 50 mL) and brine. (2 x 50 mL), dried with Na2S04 and concentrated to a pale yellow oil. HPLC indicated 82% pure for Compound 12-3. [0251] The compounds in the table below were prepared using the •methodology described in the previous Examples and Methods. The following tables also include compounds described in the experimentals. The starting materials used in the synthesis are recognizable to one of skill in the art and are commercially available or may be prepared using known methods. The compounds in Table 1 were named using ACD/Name Batch Version 5.04 (Advanced Chemistry Development Inc.; Xojonto, Ontario; www.acdlabs.com). The compounds in Table 2 and Table 3 were named using AutoNom 2000 (A_ylpmatic Nomenclature) for ISIS/Base, implementing IUPAC standardized -nomenclature. In one embodiment, provided is a stereoisomer of any one of the compounds in Tables 1, 2, or 3. In one aspect, the stereoisomer is an enantiomer. In another aspect, the stereoisomer is a diastereomer. [0252] This example provides a representative in vitro assay for determining CSP activity in vitro. Purified microtubules obtained from bovine brain were purchased from Cytoskeleton Inc. (Denver, Colorado, USA). The motor domain of human KSP (Eg 5, KNSL1) was cloned, expressed, and purified to greater than 95% homogeneity. Biomol Green was purchased from Affinity Research Products Ltd. (Matford Court, Exeter, Devon, .United Kingdom). Microtubules and KSP motor protein (i.e., the KSP motor domain) were diluted in assay buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl (pH-7.-5), 1 rnM MgCl2,10 mM DTT and 0.25 mg/mL BSA) to a final concentration of 35 /xg/mL microtubules and 45 nM KSP. The microtubule/KSP mixture was then pre-incubated at 37 °C for 10 min to promote the binding of KSP to microtubules. [0253] To each well of the testing plate (384-well plate) containing 1.25 /xL of inhibitor or test compound in DMSO (or DMSO only in the case of controls) were added 25 /xL of ATP solution (ATP diluted to a concentration of 300 JJM in assay buffer) and 25 /xL of the above-described microtubule/KSP solution. The plates were incubated at RT for 1 hour. Following incubation, 65 ilL of Biomol Green (a malachite green-based dye that detects the release of inorganic phosphate) was added to each well. The plates were incubated for an additional 5-10 minutes then the absorbance at 630 nm was determined ' using a Victor II plate reader. The amount of absorbance at 630 nm corresponded to the amount of KSP activity in'the samples." The IC50 of each inhibitor or test compound was then determined based on the decrease in absorbance at 630 nm at each concentration, via nonlinear regression using either XLFit for Excel or Prism data analysis software by GraphPad Software Inc. [0254.] Preferred compounds of the invention have a biological activity as measured by an IC50 of less than about 1 mM in assay protocols described in Example 13, with preferred embodiments having biological activity of less than about 25 uM, wjth particularly preferred embodiments having biological activity of less than about 1000 nM, and with the most preferred embodiments having biological activity of less than about 100 nM,. Example 14 Inhibition of Cellular Proliferation in Tumor Cell Lines Treated with KSP Inhibitors [0255] Cells are. plated in 96-well plates at densities of about 500 cells per well of a 96-well plate and are allowed to grow for 24 hours. The cells are then treated with various concentrations of compounds for 72 hours. Then, 100 /xl of CellTitcr Glo is added. CellTiter Gib is a tetfaiolium-based'assay using the reagent 3-(4,5-dimeiJiylthiaz6l-2-yl) 5- (3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) (U.S. Patent No. 5,185,450) (seePromega product catalog #G3580, CellTiter 96 Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay). The cells are then incubated in the dark for 30 minutes. The amount of luminescence is determined for each well using a Walloc Trilux plate reader, which correlates with the number of cells per well. The number of viable cells in the wells that receive only DMSO (0.5%) serve as an indication of 0% inhibition, while wells without cells serve as 100% inhibition of cell growth. The compound concentration'that results in a 50% growth inhibition (GI50) is determined graphically from sigmoidal dose-response curves of log- transformed dose values versus cell counts (percent .of control) at 72 hours of continuous compound exposure, [0256] The cell lines used are listed below [0257] The cell proliferation assay is performed as described above. Cancer Cell Lines Colo 205 - colon carcinoma. RPMI1640 +10%FBS+1 % L-glutamine +1 % P/S +1 %NaPyr.+ Hepes +4.5g/L Glucose +l%NaBicarb. MDA 435- breast cancer- high met EMEM + 10% FBS + 1%P/S + 1%L-Glutamine+1%NEAA +l%NaPyr+l%vitamins HCT-15 and HCT116 -colon carcinoma RPMI 1640 +10%FBS +1% L-glutamine +1% P/S Drug Resistant Cell Lines KB3.1- colon epidermal carcinoma; parental cell line Iscove's +10%FBS +1% L-glutamine +1% P/S KBV1-p-glycoprotein associated multi-drug resistant cell line RPMI 1640+10%FBS+1% L-glutamine+1% P/S+0.2ug/mL Vinblastine KB85 - p-glycoprotein associated multi-drug resistant cell line DMEM +10%FBS +1% L-glutamine +1% PAS + 1 One/mL Colchicine [0258] Preferred compounds of the invention have a biological activity as measured by an GIjo of less than about 1 mM in assay protocols described with some embodiments having biological activity of less than about 25 uM, with otherembpdiments hayln^vbidlogicd Activity of less than about 1000 nM;-arid with still other embodiment having, a GI50 of less than about 100 nM. Example 15 Clonogenic Softagar Assay Protocol [0259] Human cancer cells are plated at a density of 3xl05 cells per well in a 6-v/ell plate. The next day, a corhpound of interest at a certain concentration is added to each well. After 24 and 48 hours of incubation, the cells are harvested, washed and counted. The following steps are performed using the Multimek 96 robot. Then, 500 viable cells per well are plated in a 96-well plate that is coated with PolyHema to prevent attachment of the cells to the bottom of the well. Agarose (3% stock) is melted, diluted in warmed media and added to the cells to a final concentration of 0.5%. After the soft agar solidified, the plates are incubated at 37 °C for 6 days. Alamar blue dye is added to cells and plates are incubated for an additional 6 hours. The optical density change is measured on a Tecan plate reader and is considered to correlate with the number of colonies formed in soft agar. A cancerous cell is able to grow on the agar and thus will show an-increase in optical density. A reading of decreased,optical density means that the cancer cells are being inhibited. It is contemplated that compounds of this invention will exhibit a decrease in optical density. WE CLAIM: 1. A compound of formula I: wherein: R1 is selected from the group consisting of arninoacyl, acylamino, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, alkyl, and substituted alkyl, with the proviso that substituted alkyl is not substituted with aryl or substituted aryl; R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and aryl; R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and substituted heterocyclic, provided that only 1 of R3 or R4 is hydroxy, or R3 and R4 together with the nitrogen atom pendent thereto join to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic; R5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl; or R1 and R5, together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound respectively thereto join to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group; or when R1 and R5, together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound respectively thereto, do not form a heterocyclic group, then R4 and R5, together with the atoms bound thereto, form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group; R8 is selected from the group consisting of L-A1, wherein L is selected from the group consisting of -S(O)q- where q is one or two, and C1 to C5 alkylene optionally substituted with hydroxy, halo, or acylamino; and A1 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, cycloalkyl, and substituted cycloallcyl; and one of either R6 or R7 is selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl and heteroaryl, all of which may be optionally substituted with -(R9)m where R9 is as defined herein and m is an integer from 1 to 4, and the other of R6 or R7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and alkyl; R9 is selected from the group consisting of cyano, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, -CF3, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, halo, and hydroxy; and when m is an integer from 2 to 4, then each R9 may be the same or different; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters thereof. 2. The compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound is of formula II: wherein: n is 1,2, or 3; p is 0, 1,2, 3, or 4; R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloallcyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and substituted heterocyclic, provided that only 1 of R3 or R4 is hydroxy; or R3 and R4 together with the nitrogen atom pendent thereto join to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic; R10 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl optionally substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, amino, substituted amino, acylamino, halo, nitrogen-containing heterocycle, substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycle, nitrogen-containing heteroaryl, and substituted nitrogen- containing heteroaryl; R11 is selected from the group consisting of cyano, alkyl, allcenyl, alkynyl, -CF3, alkoxy, halo, and hydroxy; provided that when p is 2 - 4, then each R11 may be the same or ' different; R12 is alkyl; R13 is hydrogen or alkyl, R14 isselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and alkyl; or R10 and R12, together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound respectively thereto join to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group; or when R10 and R12, together'with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound respectively thereto, do not form a heterocyclic group, then R4 and R10, together with the atoms bound thereto, form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group; A2 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, cycloalkyl, and substituted cycloalkyl; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters thereof. 3. The compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein R1 is alkyl. 4. The compound as claimed in claim 3, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of isopropyl, t-butyl, and propyl. 5. The compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein R2 is hydrogen. 6. The compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein R3 and/or R4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, and cycloalkyl. 7. The compound as claimed in claim 6, wherein the alkyl, substituted allcyl or cycloalkyl is selected from the group consisting of methyl, methoxyethyl, furan-2-ylmethyl, 2- hydroxyethyl, cyclopropyl and isopropyl. 8. The compound as claimed in claim 1„ wherein R3 and/or R4 is aryl or substituted aryl. 9. The compound as claimed in claim 8, wherein the aryl or substituted aryl is selected from the group consisting of 4-cyanophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 2,3,5-trifluorophenyl, 3,5- dinitrophenyl, and phenyl. 10. The compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein R3 and/or R4 is heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl. 11. The compound as claimed in claim 10, wherein the heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of thiophen-2-yl, 3,5-dirnethylisoxazol-4-yl, and 2,6- dichloropyridin-4-yl. 12. The compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein R3 and/or R4 is a heterocyclic group or substituted heterocyclic. 13. The compound as claimed in claim 12, wherein the heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group is tetrahydropyran-4-yl or 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl. 14. The compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein either of R3 or R4 or both of R3 and R4 are hydrogen. 15. The compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein one of R3 or R4 is hydroxy. 16. The compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein R3 and R4 are cyclized with the nitrogen atom bound thereto to form a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic. 17. The compound as claimed in claim 16, wherein the heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of 1,1- dioxothiamorpholin-N-y1,1-oxothiamorpholin-1-yl, 2-(aminomethylene)pyrrolidin-N-yl,2- (methoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-N-yl, 2,6-dimethylmorpholin-N-yl, 3-hydroxypiperidin-N-yl, 3- hydroxypyrrolidin-N-yl, 4-(butylsulfonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)piperazin- N-yl, 4-(dimethylarnino)piperidin-N-yl, 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4- (ethylsulfonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-(isopropylsulfonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4- (methylcarbonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-N-yl, 4- (methysulfonyl)piperazm-N-yl, 4-(morpholin-N-yl)piperidin-N-yl, 4-(piperidin-N- yl)piperidin-N-yl, 4-(propylsulfonyl)piperazin-N-yl, 4-cyclohexylpiperazin-N-yl, 4- hydroxypiperidin-N-yl, 4-isopropylpiperazin-4-yl, 4-methylpiperidin-N-yl, isoxazoIidin-2-yl, morpholin-N-yl, piperazin-N-yl, piperidin-N-yl, 2-(hydrazinocarbonyl)pyrrolidin-N-yl and pyrrolidin-N-yl. 18. The compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of -(CH2)3NH2, -(CH2)2CH(CH2OH)NH2, -CH2CH(F)CH2NH2, -CH2-[2-(CH2OH)pyrrolidin-3- yl], -CH2-[4-(OH)pyrrolidin-3-yl], -CH2-C(F)(spiropyrrolidin-3-yl), -(CH2)2CH(CH2F)NH2, -(CH2)2C(CH3)2NH2, -(CH2)2CH(CH3)NH2,-(CH2)2CH(CH2OCH3)NH2, -(CH2)2CH(CH2F)NHC(O)-[(2-CH3NHC(O))benzene], and -(CH2)2CH(CH2F)-1,3-dioxo- 1,3-dihydroisoindole. 19. The compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein R1 and R5 and the atoms bound thereto join to form a heterocyclic or a substituted heterocyclic group. 20. The compound as claimed in claim 19, wherein the substituted heterocyclic group is 2-oxo- tetrahydropyrimidinyl. 21. The compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein one of R6 or R7 is aryl or substituted aryl. 22. The compound as claimed in claim 21, wherein the aryl or substituted aryl is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 2,4-diflurophenyl, 2,5- difluorophenyl, and 2,3,5-trifluorophenyl. 23. The compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein the other of R6 or R7 is hydrogen. 24. The compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein L is alkylene and A1 is aryl or substituted aryl. 25. The compound as claimed in claim 24, wherein L is methylene and A1 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 3-fIuorophenyl and 3-hydroxyphenyl. 26. A compound selected from the group consisting of: N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-{(1R)4-[1-benzyl-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2- yl]-2-methylpropyl}morpholine-4-carboxamide; N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-{(1R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2- yl]-2-methylpropyl}piperidine-1-carboxamide; N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2- dimethylpropyl]piperidine-1-carboxamide; N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2- dirnethylpropyl]-N',N'-dimethylurea; N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)4-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-rmidazol-2-yl)-2,2- dimethylpropyl]-N'-(2-methoxyethyl)urea; methyl (2S)-1-({(3-aminopropyl)[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2- yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]amino}carbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate; N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2- dimethylpropyl]-N'-hydroxyurea; N-(3-arrunopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-irnidazol-2-yl)-2,2- dirnethylpropyl]pyrrolidine-1 -carboxamide; (2R)-2-(aminomethl)-N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H- irmdazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide; (3S)-N-(3-amimopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)- 2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxamide; (3R)-N-(3-arninopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)- 2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxamide; N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2- dimethylpropyl]-N'-methylurea; N-(3-aminopropyl)-N4(1R)-1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2- dimethylpropyl]piperazine-1-carboxamide; N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-irmdazol-2-yl)-2,2- dimethylpropyl]-1,4'-bipiperidine-1-carboxamide; N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2- dimethylpropyl]-N'-thien-2-ylurea; N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2- dimethylpropyl]-N-thien-3-ylurea; N-(3-arninopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2- dimethylpropyl]-N'-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)urea; N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1 -(1 -benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2- dimethylpropyl3-N'-(2,6-dichloropyridin-4-yl)urea; N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2- dimethylpropyl]-N'-(2-furylmethyl)urea; N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2- dimethylpropyl]-N'-(4-cyanophenyl)urea; N-(3 -aminopropyl)-N-[(l R)-1 -(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2- dimethylpropyl]-N'-(3,4-difluorophenyl)urea; N-(3-aminopropyl)-N4(1R)-1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2- dimethylpropyl]-N-(3,5-dinitrophenyl)urea; N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2- dimethylpropyl]-N'-phenylurea; (3R)-N-[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H- imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxamide; N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]piperazine-1-carboxamide; N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]piperazine-1 -carboxamide; (3R)-N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)4-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)- 2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxamide; (3S)-N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)- 2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxamide; N-[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H- imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N',N'-dimethylurea; N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-phenylurea; N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N',N'-dimethylurea; N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-phenylurea; N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(2-methoxyethyl)urea; 4-acetyl-N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H- imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]piperazine-1 -carboxamide; (4R)-N4(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H- imdazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-hydroxylsoxazolidine-2-carboxamide; (3R)-N-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-hydroxypiperidine-1 -carboxamide; N-[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H- imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(2-methoxyethyl)urea; (3R)-N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H- imidazol-2-yl)2,2-dimethylpropyl]-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxamide; (3S)-N-[(2k)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H- imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxamide; (3S)-N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H- imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxamide; ethyl 4-({[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl][(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H- imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]amino}carbonyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate; ethyl 4-({[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl][(1R)-1-(l -benzyl-4-phenyl-1H- imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]amino} carbonyl)piperazrne-l -carboxylate; N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(l R)-1 -(1 -benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl] -4-(ethylsulfonyl)piperazine-1 -carboxamide; N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl] -N-[( 1R)-1 -(1 -benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxamide; N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-hydroxypiperidirie-1-carboxamide; N-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2- yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-1,4-bipiperidine-1'-carboxamide; N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimetbylpropyl]-1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-carboxamide; N-(3-aTnino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2- yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxamide; N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxamide; N-[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H- imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N'-methylurea; N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-irnidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl] -N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N'-methylurea; l-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2- dimethylpropyl]tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one; N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N,-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N'-methylurea; N~[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(l R)-1 -(1 -benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(3,4-difluorophenyl)urea; N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-f[uoropropyl]-N-[(1R)4-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N,-thien-3-ylurea; N-(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N,-thien-3-ylurea; N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-morpholin-4-ylpiperidine-1-carboxamide; N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-motpholin-4-ylpiperidine-1-carboxamide; N-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2- yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]morpholine-4-carboxamide; N-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2- yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazine-1 -carboxamide; N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl] -4:(methylsulfonyl)piperazine-1 -carboxamide; N-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1 -(1 -benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2- yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-cyclohexylpiperazine-1 -carboxamide; N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl] -N'-(4-cyanophenyl)urea; N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(4-cyanophenyl)urea; N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropylJ-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(propylsulfonyl)piperazine-1 -carboxamide; N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropylJ-4-(propylsulfonyl)piperazme-1-carboxamide; N-[(2S)-3-arnino.2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(isopropylsulforiyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide; N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2;2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(isopropylsulfonyl)piperazme-1-carboxamide; N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide; N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-rmidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimemylpropyl]-4-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide; N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-irnidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(butylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide; N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(butylsulfonyl)piperazine-1 -carboxamide; N-[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H- imidazol-2-yl-)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-1,4'-bipiperidine-1 '-carboxamide; N-[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H- imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(4-cyanophenyl)urea; N-[(3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H- imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N'-(354-difluorophenyl)urea; N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N- {[(3S)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-3 -yl]methyl} -1,4'-bipiperidine-1 '-carboxamide; N-[(1R)-1 -(1 -benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl] -N- {[(3R)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl} -1 ,4'-bipiperidine-1 '-carboxamide; N-[(1R)4-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imddazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N- {[(2S ,3S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrroIidin-3-yl]methyl} -1,4'-bipiperidine-1 '-carboxamide; N-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2- yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylurea; N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-irnidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N,-tetxahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylurea; N-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)-N-[(1R)-1 -(1 -benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2- yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(dimethylamino)piperidine-1-carboxamide; N-[(2R)-3-amino-2-fluoropropyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(dimethylamino)piperidine-1-carboxamide; N-[(1R)-1 -(1 -benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N- {[(3R,4R)-4-hydroxypyrroiidin-3-yl]methyl} -1,4'-bipiperidine-1 '-carboxamide; N-[(1R)-1 -(1 -benzyl-4-phenyl-1 H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N- {[(3S,4S)-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl} -1,4-bipiperidine-1 '-carboxamide; N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-[(3- fluoropyrrolidin-3 -yl)methyl] -4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazine-1 -carboxamide; N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N- {[(3S)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl}-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide; N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-N- {[(3R)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl} -4-(methylsuIfonyl)piperazine- 1-carboxamide; N-[(3R)-3-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H- imidazol-2-yl)-2;2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide; N-[(3S)-3-arnino-4-hydroxybutyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H- imidaazol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide; 1-((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-pbenyl)-1H- imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3,3-dimethyl-urea; 1-((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H- imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3,3-dimethyl-urea; 1,1 -Dioxo-1 -thiomorpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- {(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl- 4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl} -amide; Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl- 4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; 4-Methanesulfonyl-piperidine-1 -carboxylic acid ((S)-3 -amino-4-fluoro-bixtyl)- {(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; 1 -((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-l - {(R)-l -[ 1 -(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3 -fluoro- phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-urea; 1-(R)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro- phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-urea; 1,1-Dioxo-1-thiaomorpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fIuoro-butyl)- {(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; 4-Methanesulfonyl-piperidine-1-carboxylicacid((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- {(R)-1 -[ 1 -benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl} -amide; 1-((R)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fiuoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro- phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-urea; 1-(3-Amino-3-methyl-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H- imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-urea; 1-(3-Amino-3-methyl-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H- imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3,3-dimethyl-urea; 1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro- phenyl)-1H-irmdazol-2-yl]-2;2-dimethyl-propyl}-urea; 4-Methyl-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1- [1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; 4-Methyl-piperazine-1 -carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- {(R)-1 - [1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-irddazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; 1-(3-Amino-3-methyl-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H- imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-urea; Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3- fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-irnidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3- fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; 1 -((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1 - {(R)-1 -[ 1 -(3 -fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3 -fluoro- phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3,3-dirnethyl-urea; 1-((R)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro- phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3,3-dimethyl-urea; Pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fliioro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3- fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; Pyrrolidine- 1-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3- fluoro-benzyl-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-2-fIuoro-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3- fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)4H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; Pyrrolidine-1 -carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-2-fluoro-propyl)- {(R)-1 -[ 1 -(3- fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; 1 -((S)-3-Amino-4-methoxy-butyl)-1 - {(R)-1 -[1 -(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro- phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-rnethyl-urea; Pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-methoxy-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3- fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl] -2,2-dimethyl-propyl} -amide; Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-methoxy-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3- fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; 1,1 -Dioxo-1 -thiomorpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-2-fluoro-propyl)- {(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-irrnclazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}- amide; 1-((S)-3-Arnino-2-fluoro-propyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(3-fluoro- phenyl)-1 H-imidazol-2-yl] -2,2-dimethyl-propyl} -urea; 1-(3-Amino-propyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol- 2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-urea; 1 -(3 -Amino-propyl)-1- {(R)-1 - [ 1 -benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol- 2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl} -3,3 -dimethyl-urea; 1 -(3-amino-propyl)-1 - {(R)-1 - [ 1 -benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol- 2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-(3,5-dimethyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-urea; Pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid (3-amino-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5- diiluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; Isoxazolidine-2-carboxylic acid (3-amino-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5- difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; 4-Methanesulfonyl-piperazine-1 -carboxylic acid (3-amino-propyl)-{(R)-1-[ 1 - benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-irrndazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-arnide; 4-Methanesulfonyl-piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid (3-amino-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1- benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid (3-amino-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5- difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-arnino-4-metlioxy-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1- benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; 1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)- 1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-urea; Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3 -amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- {(R)-1 -[ 1 -benzyl- 4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl} -amide; 1,1-Dioxo-1-thiomorplioline-4-carboxylic acid (3-amino-propyl)-{(R)-1-[ 1 - benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)4H-iirudazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; Pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl- 4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; 1-(S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)- 1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-33-dimethyl-urea; 4-Methanesulfonyl-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- {(R)-1-[ 1 -benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1 H-imidazol-2-yl] -2,2-dimethyl-propyl} -amide; 1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)- 1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-(3,5-di-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-urea; 1,1 -Dioxo-1-thiomorpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3 -amino-2-fluoro-propyl)- {(R)-1-[ 1 -benzyl-4-(2J5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl} -amide; Isoxazolidine-2-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1- benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; Thiomorpholine-4-carboxylic acid (3-amino-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5- difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl} -amide; Isoxazolidine-2-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-2-fluoro-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1- benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl} -amide; Pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-2-fluoro-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1- benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-2-fluoro-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1- benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl] -2,2-dimethyl-propyl} -amide; 1,1-Dioxo-1-thiomorpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- {(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; l-Oxo-1-thiomorpholine-4-carboxylic acid (3-amino-propyl)-{(R)-1-[1- benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid((S)-3-amino-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5- difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl} -amide; 4-Methanesulfonyl-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-2-fluoro- propyl)-{(R)-1-[1-bethyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}- amide; Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl- 4-(2,5-trifluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl- 4-(2,3,5-trifluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5- difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; (2R,6S)-2,6-Dimethyl-morphoIine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro- butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-ber^l-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}- amide; 4-Isopropyl-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- {(R)-1- [1-benzyl-(2,5-difIuoro-phenyl)-IH-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; 1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)- 1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-isopropyl-urea; 1 -((S)-3 -Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1- {(R)-1-[ 1 -benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)- 1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl} -3 -cyclopropylmethyl-urea; 1 -((S)-3 -Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1- {(R)-1-[ 1 -benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)- 1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-urea; Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(S)-1-[1-benzyl- 4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; 4-(3-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-3-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2J5-difluoro- phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-ureido)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; (2S,6R)-2,6-Dimethyl-morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro- butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)4H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}- amide; (S)-3-Hydroxy-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- {(R)4-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)4H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; (R)-3-Hydroxy-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- {(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)4H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; 1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-l.-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)- 1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-cyclopropyl-urea; (S)-2-Hydrazinocarbonyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro- butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-dfluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}- amide; (S)-1-((3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)- 1H-irnidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-carbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester; 1 -((R)-3 -Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1- {(R)-1-[ 1 -benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)- 1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-urea; l-((S)-3-Amino-4-methoxy-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro- phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-urea; Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3- hydroxy-benzyl)-4-(2,3,5-trifluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; (2S,6R)-2,6-Dimethyl-morpholine-4-carboxylic acid((S)-3-amino-4-fIuoro- butyl)- {(R)-1-[1-(3-hydroxy-benzyl)-4-(2,3,5-trifluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2- dimethyl-propyl}-amide; (2R,6S)-2,6-Dimethyl-morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro- butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzy-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}- amide; 4-Isopropyl-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- {(R)-1 [1-benzyM-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; 1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)- 1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-isopropyl-urea; 1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)- 1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-cycIopropylmethyl-urea; l-(S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)- 1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-urea; Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(S)-1-[1-benzyl- 4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; 4-(3-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-3-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro- phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2;2-dimethyl-propyl}-ureido)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; (2S,6R)-2,6-Dimethyl-morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro- butyl)- {(R)-1-[1 -benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl} - amide; (S)-3-Hydroxy-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- {(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)4H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; (R)-3-Hydroxy-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)- {(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; 1-((S)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)- 1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-cyclopropyl-urea; (S)-2-Hydrazmocarbonyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro- butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}- amide; (S)-1-((3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)- 1H-irnidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-carbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester; 1-((R)-3-Amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)- 1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-urea; 1-((S)-3-Arnino-4-methoxy-butyl)-1-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro- pheny)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-urea; Morpholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3- hydroxy-benzyl)-4-(2,3,5-trifluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; (2S,6R)-2,6-Dimethyl-moroholine-4-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-amino-4-fluoro- buryl)-{(R)-1-[1-(3-hydroxy-benzyl)-4-(2,3,5-trifluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2- dimethyl-propyl}-amide; Pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid ((R)-3-amino-4-fluoro-butyl)-{(R)-1-[1-benzyl- 4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-amide; N-(3S)-3-amino-4-fluorobutyl]-N-{(1R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5-difluorophenyl)- 1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-diraethylpropyl}-N'-hydroxyurea; N-[(3R)-3-amino-4-fluorobutyl]-N-{(1R)-1-[1-benzyl-4-(2,5--difluorophenyl)- 1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl}-N'-hydroxyurea; l-{(R)4-[1-Benzyl4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl- propyl}-1-[(S)-3-(13-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-4-fluoro-butyl]-3-methyl-urea; and- N-[(S)-3-(1-{(R)-1-[1-Benzyl-4-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-2,2- dimethyl-propyl}-3-methyl-ureido)-1-fluoromethyl-propyl]-N'-methyl-phthalamide. (54) Title:- SUBSTITUTED IMIDAZOLE COMPOUNDS AS KSP INHIBITORS (57) Abstract: The present invention relates to new substituted imidazole compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts,esters or prodrugs thereof, compositions of the derivatives together with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, and uses of the compounds.The compounds of the invention have the following general formula (I).

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