Indian Patents. 255640:REACTIVE DYES AND PREPARATION THEREOF

Title of Invention	REACTIVE DYES AND PREPARATION THEREOF
Abstract	1. A dye of the general formula (1 ) where M and X are each as defined in claim 1, dye mixtures comprising one or more of the dyes of the general formula (1) and also one or more further fiber-reactive dyes, processes for their preparation, their use and printing inks comprising same.

Full Text	Reactive dyes, preparation thereof - This invention relates to the technical field of fiber-reactive azo dyes. The commercial practice of dyeing with fiber-reactive dyes has led to heightened expectations with regard to the quality of the dyeings and the economics of the dyeing operations. There consequently continues to be a demand for novel fiber-reactive dyes having improved properties. Especially in the case of dyes having a yellow hue the demand is for reactive dyes that provide high color strengths. Numerous fiber-reactive dyes are described in the literature as useful for dyeing or printing hydroxyl- and/or carboxamido-containing fibers, such as cellulosic fibers in particular, to produce yellow dyeings. Of these dyes, it is especially those which are known from DE 29 27 102 A, DE 31 02 287, and EP 0 021 105 A1 which are of industrial interest. However, these conventional yellow- dyeing dyes do not adequately meet the latest requirements with regard to their use in specific dyeing processes, the dyeability of the fibers and the fastness properties of dyeings obtainable therewith, for example. EP 0 567 036 A1 further describes yellow-dyeing fiber-reactive dyes that do not adequately satisfy the stated criteria. Especially the color strength of these products on cellulose fibers is unsatisfactory. The present invention, then, provides dyes and dye mixtures whose dyeings surprisingly have a distinctly higher color strength compared with the dyes described in EP 0 567 036 A1. The present invention accordingly relates to dyes of the general formula (1) where M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, and X is chlorine or fluorine. The present invention also relates to dye mixtures comprising one or more of the dyes of the general formula (1) and also one or more further fiber-reactive dyes. Preferred dye mixtures according to the present invention comprise one or more of the dyes of the general formula (1) and also at least one dye selected from the general formulae (2), (3) and (4) where D is the radical of benzene or of naphthalene; R1 is hydrogen, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C4)-alkoxy or -SO3M; R2 is amino, (C1-C4)-alkyl or (C1-C4)-alkyl substituted by -COOM, -SO3M or -SO2-Y1; R3 is hydrogen, chlorine, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C4)-alkoxy or -SO3M; R4 is hydrogen, (C1-C4)-alkyl or (C1-C4)-alkoxy; R5 is hydrogen or -CO-R2 or has one of the meanings of Z; Y1 is vinyl or is ethyl substituted by an alkali-eliminable substituent in the β position; Z is a fiber-reactive radical from the series of the halopyrimidines, of the dichloro- quinoxalines or of the halotriazines; m is 1,2 or 3; n is 0 or 1; and M is as defined above. In the general formulae (1) to (4), alkali metal M is preferably sodium, potassium or lithium. (C1-C4)-Alkyl groups may be straight chain or branched and may be for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl. Methyl and ethyl are particularly preferred. The same, mutates mutandis, holds for (C1-C4)-alkoxy groups, for which methoxy or ethoxy are accordingly particularly preferred. The substituent R1 is preferably hydrogen, methyl or methoxy. The substituent R2 is preferably methyl or amino. The substituent R3 is preferably hydrogen, methyl, methoxy or chlorine. The substituent R4 is preferably hydrogen, methyl or methoxy. Alkali-eliminable substituents in the β position of ethyl Y1 are in particular chlorine, sulfato, thiosulfato, phosphato, (C2-C5)-alkanoyloxy, for example acetyloxy, and sulfobenzoyloxy. It is particularly preferred for Y1 to be vinyl or β-sulfatoethyl. The groups "sulfato", "thiosulfato" and "phosphato" include not only their acid form but also their salt form. Accordingly, thiosulfato groups conform to the general formula -S-SO3M, phosphate groups to the general formula - OPO3M2 and sulfato groups to the general formula -OSO3M, in each of which M is as defined above. The group (MO3S)m-D- in the general formula (2) is preferably a group of the general formula (5), (6) or (7) where M and m are each as defined above. It is particularly preferred for the group (MO3S)m-D- in the general formula (2) to represent the groups of the general formulae (5a) to (5c) and also of the general formulae (7a) to (7e) Fiber-reactive radicals Z from the series of the halopyrimidines have in particular the general formula (8) where X1 to X3 are independently hydrogen, cyano or halogen, in particular fluorine or chlorine, subject to the proviso that at least one of X1 to X3 is halogen. Particularly preferred fiber-reactive radicals from the series of the halopyrimidines have the following formulae (8a) to (9g): Fiber-reactive radicals Z from the series of the halotriazines have in particular the general formula (9) where X4 is halogen, in particular fluorine or chlorine, or -NHCN or is X5; and X5 is a group of the general formula (10) where R6 is hydrogen or (C1-C4)-alkyl, in particular methyl; B is (C2-C6)-alkylene, in particular ethylene, is (C2-C6)-alkylene interrupted by a heteroatom, in particular -O-, or is phenylene; and Y1 is as defined above. Particularly preferred fiber-reactive radicals from the series of the halotriazines have the following formulae (9a) to (9g): where M is as defined above. In general, in the dye mixtures of the present invention, the dye of the general formula (1) is present in an amount from 90% to 10% by weight, preferably 70% to 30% by weight and more preferably 60% to 40% by weight, and at least one dye selected from the general formulae (2), (3) and (4) is present in an amount from 10% to 90% by weight, preferably 30% to 70% by weight and more preferably 40% to 60% by weight, all based on the total amount of dye. Dyes of the general formulae (2) to (4) that contain an -SO2-Y1 group can be present in mixtures in which the individual dyes differ only in the reactive group -SO2-Y1. Preferred mixtures of this kind contain for example a dye of the general formulae (2), (3) or (4) where Y = vinyl and a dye of the general formulae (2), (3) or (4) where Y = p-sulfatoethyl. The fraction of dye in the vinylsulfonyl form may be up to about 30 mol%, based on the particular dye chromophore. Preferably, the fraction of vinylsulfonyl dye to p-ethyl- substituted dye is in a molar ratio between 5:95 and 30:70. The present invention's dyes of the general formula (I) and also the present invention's dye mixtures are generally present as a formulation in solid or liquid (dissolved) form. In solid form, they generally contain the electrolyte salts customary in the case of water- soluble and in particular fiber-reactive dyes, such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium sulfate, and may further contain the auxiliaries customary in commercial dyes, such as buffer substances capable of setting a pH in aqueous solution between 3 and 7, such as sodium acetate, sodium borate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium dihydrogen- phosphate, sodium tricitrate and disodium hydrogenphosphate, small amounts of siccatives or when they are present in liquid, aqueous solution (including a content of thickeners of the type customary in print pastes), they may also contain substances which ensure a long life for this formulations, examples being mold-preventing agents. The present invention's dyes of the general formula (I) and also the present invention's dye mixtures are preferably present as a dye powder or as a dye granulate containing 10% to 80% by weight, based on the powder or granulate, of an electrolyte salt which is also known as a standardizing agent. Granulates have particle sizes in particular of 50 to 500 urn. These solid formulations may additionally contain the aforementioned buffer substances in a total amount up to 10% by weight, based on the formulation. When the dyes or dye mixtures are present in aqueous solution, the total dye content in these aqueous solutions is up to about 50% by weight, for example between 5% and 50% by weight, the electrolyte salt content in these aqueous solutions preferably being below 10% by weight, based on the aqueous solution. The aqueous solutions (liquid formulations) may generally contain the aforementioned buffer substances in an amount up to 10% by weight, preferably up to 2% by weight. The present invention's dyes of the general formula (1) can be prepared by acylating a monoazo compound of the general formula (11) where M is as defined above, with a triazine compound of the general formula (12) where X is as defined above, and then condensing the resulting compound of the general formula (13) with N-methyltaurine. The monoazo compound of the general formula (11) is known from DE-A 4425222 and can be prepared similarly to the directions given therein. To prepare the present invention's dye of the general formula (1) where X is chlorine, the acylation of the monoazo compound of the formula (11) with cyanuric chloride and also the subsequent condensation with N-methyltaurine is carried out in the weakly acidic to neutral range. The reaction temperature is normally 20-40°C for the acylation and 50-60°C for the condensation. The present invention's dye of the general formula (1) where X is fluorine is preferably prepared by acylating the monoazo compound of the formula (11) with cyanuric fluoride at 0 to -2°C in the weakly acidic range and then condensing with N-methyltaurine in the neutral to weakly acidic range and at 20-25°C. The dye mixtures of the present invention are obtainable by mechanically mixing the individual dyes in the desired weight ratio. The individual dyes may be utilized in the form of dye powders or dye solutions or else in the form of formulated commercial forms, i.e., for example as a powder, as a granulate or as a liquid brand, which include customary auxiliaries. The dyes of the general formulae (2) and (3) are known and described for example in DE-A 3102287, US 5298607, EP 0 021 105 A1 and DE-A 1911427. They can be prepared similarly to the directions given therein. Similarly, dyes of the general formula (4) have been extensively described and are obtainable via standard methods of synthesis. The present invention's dyes and dye mixtures include further fiber-reactive dyes, in an amount up to 5% by weight, based on the total amount of dye, for shading purposes. These "shading dyes" can be added by customary mixing or else be prepared chemically in the same reaction batch together with the synthesis of a dye according to the present invention or of a dye mixture and be incorporated into the dye or dye mixture. The present invention's dyes and dye mixtures are useful for dyeing or printing hydroxyl- and/or carboxamido-containing materials and possess valuable performance characteristics for these purposes. The present invention thus also relates to the use of the present invention's dyes of the general formula (1) and also of the present invention's dye mixtures for dyeing or printing hydroxyl- and/or carboxamido-containing materials or to be more precise to processes for dyeing or printing such materials in a conventional manner. Hydroxyl- and/or carboxamido-containing materials may be present for example in the form of sheetlike constructions or self-supporting films, but in particular in the form of fibers. Fibers in turn are preferably textile fibers, such as wovens or yarns which can be used in the form of hanks or wound packages. Carboxamido-containing materials are for example natural and synthetic polyamides and polyurethanes, for example wool and other animal hairs, soap, leather, nylon-6,6, nylon-6, nylon-11 and nylon-4. Preference is given to hydroxyl-containing materials of natural or synthetic origin, for example cellulose fiber materials or their regenerated products and polyvinyl alcohols. Cellulose fiber materials are preferably cotton, but also other vegetable fibers, such as linen, hemp, jute and ramie fibers. Regenerated fibers of cellulose are for example staple viscose and filament viscose and also chemically modified fibers of cellulose, such as aminated fibers of cellulose or fibers as described for example in WO 96/37641 and WO 96/37642 and also in EP-A-0 538 785 and EP-A-0 692 559. The present invention's dyes and dye mixtures can be applied to and fixed on the substrates mentioned, especially the fiber materials mentioned, by the application techniques known for water-soluble dyes and especially for fiber-reactive dyes. For instance, on cellulose fibers they produce by the exhaust method from a long liquor and also from a short liquor, for example in a liquor to goods ratio of 5:1 to 100:1, preferably 6:1 to 30:1, using various acid-binding agents and optionally neutral salts as far as necessary, such as sodium chloride or sodium sulfate, dyeings having very good color yields. Application is preferably from an aqueous bath at temperatures between 40 and 105°C, optionally at a temperature of up to 130°C under superatmospheric pressure, but preferably at 30 to 95°C, especially 45 to 65°C, in the presence or absence of customary dyeing auxiliaries. One possible procedure here is to introduce the material into the warm bath and to gradually heat the bath to the desired dyeing temperature and complete the dyeing process at that temperature. The neutral salts which accelerate the exhaustion of the dyes may also if desired only be added to the bath after the actual dyeing temperature has been reached. Padding processes likewise provide excellent color yields and a very good color buildup on cellulose fibers, the dyes being fixable in a conventional manner by batching at room temperature or elevated temperature, for example at up to 60°C, or in a continuous manner, for example by means of a pad- dry-pad steam process, by steaming or using dry heat. Similarly, the customary printing processes for cellulose fibers, which can be carried out in one step, for example by printing with a print paste containing sodium bicarbonate or some other acid-binding agent and by subsequent steaming at 100 to 103°C, or in two steps, for example by printing with a neutral or weakly acidic print color and then fixing either by passing the printed material through a hot electrolyte-containing alkaline bath or by overpadding with an alkaline electrolyte-containing padding liquor and subsequent batching or steaming or dry heat treatment of the alkali-overpadded material, produce strong color prints with well-defined contours and a clear white ground. The outcome of the prints is affected little, if at all, by variations in the fixing conditions. When fixing by means of dry heat in accordance with the customary thermofix processes, hot air at 120 to 200°C is used. In addition to the customary steam at 101 to 103°C, it is also possible to use superheated steam and high-pressure steam at temperatures of up to 160°C. The acid-binding agents which effect the fixation of the dyes and of the dye mixtures according to the invention on the cellulose fibers are for example water-soluble basic salts of alkali metals and likewise alkaline earth metals of inorganic or organic acids or compounds which liberate alkali in the heat, and also alkali metal silicates. Especially suitable are the alkali metal hydroxides and alkali metal salts of weak to medium inorganic or organic acids, the preferred alkali metal compounds being the sodium and potassium compounds. Such acid-binding agents are for example sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium formate, sodium dihydrogenphosphate, disodium hydrogenphosphate, sodium trichloroacetate, trisodium phosphate or waterglass or mixtures thereof, for example mixtures of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and waterglass. The present invention's dyes and dye mixtures possess excellent color strength on cellulose fiber materials when applied by dyeing and printing. The dyeings and prints obtainable with the dyes and dye mixtures according to the invention possess bright shades; more particularly, the dyeings and prints on cellulose fiber materials possess good lightfastness and especially good wetfastnesses, such as fastness to washing, milling, water, seawater, crossdyeing and acidic and alkaline perspiration, also good fastness to heat-setting and pleating and crocking. Furthermore, the cellulose dyeings obtained following the customary aftertreatment of rinsing to remove unfixed dye portions exhibit excellent wetfastnesses, in particular since unfixed dye portions are easily washed off because of their good solubility in cold water. Furthermore, the dye mixtures according to the invention can also be used for the fiber- reactive dyeing of wool. Moreover, wool which has been given a nonfelting or low-felting finish (cf. for example H. Rath, Lehrbuch der Textilchemie, Springer-Verlag, 3rd edition (1972), pages 295-299, especially finished by the Hercosett process (page 298); J. Soc. Dyers and Colourists 1972, 93-99, and 1975, 33-44) can be dyed to very good fastness properties. The process of dyeing on wool is here carried out in a conventional manner from an acidic medium. For instance, acetic acid and/or ammonium sulfate or acetic acid and ammonium acetate or sodium acetate can be added to the dyebath to obtain the desired pH. To obtain a dyeing of acceptable levelness, it is advisable to add a customary leveling agent, for example a leveling agent based on a reaction product of cyanuric chloride with three times the molar amount of an aminobenzenesulfonic acid and/or of an aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid or on the basis of a reaction product of for example stearylamine with ethylene oxide. For instance, the dye or the dye mixture according to the invention is preferably subjected to the exhaust process initially from an acidic dyebath having a pH of about 3.5 to 5.5 under pH control and the pH is then, toward the end of the dyeing time, shifted into the neutral and optionally weakly alkaline range up to a pH of 8.5 to bring about, especially for very deep dyeings, the full reactive bond between the dyes and the fiber. At the same time, the dye portion not reactively bound is removed. The procedure described herein also applies to the production of dyeings on fiber materials composed of other natural polyamides or of synthetic polyamides and polyurethanes. In general, the material to be dyed is introduced into the bath at a temperature of about 40°C, agitated therein for some time, the dyebath is then adjusted to the desired weakly acidic, preferably weakly acetic acid, pH and the actual dyeing is carried out at a temperature between 60 and 98°C. However, the dyeings can also be carried out at the boil or in sealed dyeing apparatus at temperatures of up to 106°C. Since the water solubility of the dyes and dye mixtures according to the invention is very good, they can also be used with advantage in customary continuous dyeing processes. The color strength of the dyes and dye mixtures according to the invention is very high. The abovementioned dyes and dye mixtures can also be formulated into printing inks for digital textile printing. The present invention thus also relates to printing inks comprising a dye of the general formula (1) according to the present invention or a dye mixture according to the present invention. The amounts in which the present invention's dyes of the general formula (1) or the present invention's dye mixtures are present in such printing inks range for example from 0.1% by weight to 50% by weight, preferably from 1% by weight to 30% by weight and more preferably from 1% by weight to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the ink. For the inks to be used in the continuous flow process, a conductivity of 0.5 to 25 mS/m can be set by adding an electrolyte. Useful electrolytes include for example lithium nitrate and potassium nitrate. The printing inks mentioned may include organic solvents with a total content of 1-50%, preferably of 5-30% by weight based on the total weight of the ink. Examples of suitable organic solvents are alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, 1- propanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, tert-butanol and pentyl alcohol, for example; polyhydric alcohols, such as 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 2,3-propanediol, pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5- pentanediol, hexanediol, D,L-1,2-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol and 1,2- octanediol, for example; polyalkylene glycols, such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, for example; alkylene glycols having 2 to 8 alkylene groups, such as monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, thioglycol, thiodiglycol, butyltriglycol, hexylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and tripropylene glycol, for example; lower alkyl ethers of polyhydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol, monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monobutyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether and tripropylene glycol isopropyl ether, for example; polyalkylene glycol ethers, such as polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, polypropylene glycol glycerol ether, polyethylene glycol tridecyl ether and polyethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether, for example; amines, such as methylamine, ethylamine, triethylamine, diethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, dibutylamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, N-acetylethanolamine, N-formylethanolamine and ethylenediamine, for example; urea derivatives, such as urea, thiourea, N-methylurea, N,N'-epsilon- dimethylurea, ethyleneurea and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea, for example; amides, such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and acetamide, for example; ketones or keto alcohols, such as acetone and diacetone alcohol, for example; cyclic ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 2-butoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol, 2- butoxyethanol, gamma-butyrolactone, epsilon-caprolactam, for example; additionally sulfolane, dimethylsulfolane, methylsulfolane, 2,4-dimethylsulfolane, dimethyl sulfone, butadiene sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dibutyl sulfoxide, N-cyclohexylpyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone, 2-pyrrolidone, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2- pyrrolidone, 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolinone, 1,3-bismethoxymethylimidazolidine, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)- ethanol, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol, 2-(2-propoxyethoxy)- ethanol, pyridine, piperidine, butyrolacetone, trimethylpropane, 1,2-dimethoxypropane, dioxane, ethyl acetate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, ethyl pentyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxy- propane and trimethylpropane. The inks may further include the customary additives, such as, for example, viscosity moderators to set viscosities in the range from 1.5 to 40.0 mPa.s in a temperature range from 20 to 50°C. Preferred inks have a viscosity of 1.5 to 20 mPas and particularly preferred inks a viscosity of 1.5 to 15 mPas. Useful viscosity moderators include Theological additives, examples being the following: polyvinylcaprolactam, polyvinylpyrrolidone and their copolymers, polyether polyol, associative thickener, polyurea, polyurethane, sodium alginates, modified galactomannans, polyetherurea, polyurethane, and nonionic cellulose ethers. As further additions the inks mentioned may include surface-active substances to set surface tensions of 20 to 65 mN/m, which are adapted where appropriate as a function of the process used (thermal or piezo technology). Useful surface-active substances include, for example, surfactants of all kinds, preferably nonionic surfactants, butyldiglycol and 1,2-hexanediol. The inks mentioned may further include customary additions, such as substances for preventing fungal and bacterial growth, for example, in amounts of 0.01% to 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the ink. The inks mentioned may be prepared in a conventional manner by mixing the components in water. The inks mentioned are useful for use in inkjet printing processes for printing a wide variety of pretreated materials, such as silk, leather, wool, polyamide fibers and polyurethanes, and especially cellulosic fiber materials of any kind. Examples of fiber materials of this kind include the natural cellulose fibers, such as cotton, linen and hemp, and pulp and regenerated cellulose. The present invention's inks are also useful for printing pretreated hydroxyl- or amino-containing fibers present in the blend fabrics, examples being blends of cotton, silk or wool with polyester fibers or polyamide fibers. In contrast to conventional textile printing, where the printing ink already contains all the fixing chemicals and thickeners for a reactive dye, in inkjet printing the assistants have to be applied to the textile substrate in a separate pretreatment step. The pretreatment of the textile substrate, such as cellulose fibers and regenerated cellulose fibers, and also silk and wool, for example, takes place prior to printing, using an aqueous alkaline liquor. The fixing of reactive dyes requires alkali, such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, trisodium phosphate, sodium silicate or sodium hydroxide, alkali donors such as, for example, sodium chloroacetate or sodium formate, hydrotropic substances such as, for example, urea, reduction inhibitors, such as, for example, sodium nitrobenzenesulfonates, and also thickeners to prevent the motifs flowing when the printing ink is applied. The latter are, for example, sodium alginates, modified polyacrylates or highly etherified galactomannans. These pretreatment reagents are applied uniformly to the textile substrate in a defined amount using suitable applicators, examples being a 2- or 3-roll padder, using contactless spraying technologies, by means of foam application, or using appropriately adapted inkjet technologies, and are subsequently dried. Printing is followed by drying of the textile fiber material at 120 to 150°C and then by fixing. The fixing of the inkjet prints can be carried out at room temperature or with saturated steam, with superheated steam, with hot air, with microwaves, with infrared radiation, with laser or electron beams or with other suitable energy transfer techniques. A distinction is made between one- and two-phase fixing operations. In one-phase fixing the necessary fixing chemicals are already on the textile substrate. In the case of two- phase fixing this pretreatment is unnecessary. Fixing requires only alkali, which is applied following inkjet printing and before the fixing operation, without drying in between. There is no need for further additions such as urea or thickener. Fixing is followed by print aftertreatment, which is the prerequisite for good fastnesses, high brilliance and an immaculate white ground. The prints prepared with the inks mentioned, especially on cellulose fiber materials, possess a high color strength and a high fiber-dye bond stability not only in the acidic, but also in the alkaline range, and also possess good light fastness and very good wet fastness properties, such as fastness to washing, water, seawater, crossdyeing and perspiration, and also good fastness to heat setting and pleating, and crocking. The examples which follow serve to illustrate the invention. Parts and percentages are by weight unless noted otherwise. The relationship of parts by weight to parts by volume is that of the kilogram to the liter. The compounds described by formula in the examples are written in the form of the sodium salts, since they are generally prepared and isolated in the form of their salts, preferably sodium or potassium salts, and are used in the form of their salts for coloring. The starting compounds specified in the examples especially table examples below can be used for synthesis in the form of the free acid or likewise in the form of their salts, preferably alkali metal salts, such as sodium or potassium salts. Example 1 A suspension of 800 parts of water and 114 parts of the monoazo compound of the formula (11) where M is sodium, is adjusted to a pH of 5 with sodium carbonate. 36.9 parts of cyanuric chloride are then introduced and the batch is stirred at room temperature for 2 hours while maintaining the pH at 5.5 to 6.0 with sodium carbonate. To complete the reaction, the batch is heated to 35-40°C and subsequently stirred at pH 5.5-6.0 for 90 minutes. The suspension obtained is admixed with 81.22 parts of a neutral 35% solution of N-methyltaurine. The batch is subsequently stirred at 50-60°C for 8 hours while the pH is maintained at 5-6 by addition of sodium carbonate. The as-synthesized solution is worked up to obtain the electrolyte-containing compound of the formula (1a) which has very good dye properties and when applied and fixed by the methods customary for fiber-reactive dyes provides strong reddish yellow dyeings and prints of good light- and wetfastness properties on cotton for example. The high color strengths of these dyeings is particularly notable. Example 2 A solution, adjusted to pH 7 with sodium carbonate, of 2000 parts of water and 114 parts of the monoazo compound of the formula (11) where M is sodium is admixed with 40.5 parts of cyanuric fluoride at 0°C in the course of 20 minutes. The pH is allowed to drop to 6 and is maintained at 6 by addition of sodium carbonate. The batch is subsequently stirred for 20 minutes. Then, 81.2 parts of a neutral 35% aqueous solution of N-methyltaurine are added dropwise. The batch is subsequently stirred at pH 6.5 for 4 hours during which it is slowly allowed to warm to room temperature. The as-synthesized solution is worked up to obtain the electrolyte-containing compound of the formula (1b) which has very good dye properties and when applied and fixed by the methods customary for fiber-reactive dyes provides strong reddish yellow dyeings and prints of good light- and wetfastness properties on cotton for example. The high color strengths of these dyeings is particularly notable. Example 3 1000 parts of an aqueous as-synthesized solution comprising 84 parts of the dye of the formula (1a) and 1000 parts of an aqueous as-synthesized solution comprising 91 parts of the dye of the formula (2a) are mixed together. The dye mixture of the present invention is isolated in a molar mixing ratio of dye (1 a) to dye (2a) of 50:50 from the combined solution by spray-drying the dye solution. The dye mixture obtained, which contains electrolyte salts, such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate from the synthesis, has very good dyeing properties and provides for example on cellulosic fiber materials, such as cotton, or regenerated cellulose fibers in an exhaust dyeing process customary for fiber-reactive dyes level yellow dyeings possessing a very high color strength. Example 4 1000 parts of an aqueous as-synthesized solution comprising 168 parts of the dye of the formula (1a) and 1000 parts of an aqueous as-synthesized solution comprising 105 parts of the dye of the formula (3a) are mixed together and the dye mixture obtained is isolated by spray-drying the dye solution. The dye mixture obtained, which contains electrolyte salts, such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate from the synthesis has a molar mixing ratio of dye (1a) to dye (3a) of 50:50 and has very good dyeing properties and provides for example on cellulosic fiber materials, such as cotton, or regenerated cellulose fibers in an exhaust dyeing process customary for fiber-reactive dyes level yellow dyeings possessing a very high color strength. Example 5 800 parts of an aqueous solution comprising 40 parts of the dye of the formula (2b) and 700 parts of an aqueous solution comprising 49 parts of the dye of the formula (1b) are mixed together. A dye mixture is isolated in a molar mixing ratio of dye (2b) to dye (1b) of 40:60 from the combined solution by spray-drying the dye solution. The dye mixture obtained, which contains electrolyte salts, such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate from the synthesis, has very good dyeing properties and provides for example on cellulosic fiber materials, such as cotton, or regenerated cellulose fibers in an exhaust dyeing process customary for fiber-reactive dyes level yellow dyeings possessing a very high color strength. Examples 6 to 40 The examples hereinbelow describe further inventive dye mixtures featuring the hereinbelow mentioned dyes. The mixtures of Examples 6 to 40 possess very good performance characteristics and provide yellow dyeings and prints having a very high color strength on the materials mentioned in the description, in particular cellulose fiber materials, by the customary methods of use in dyeing and printing, preferably by the customary application and fixing methods for fiber-reactive dyes. WE CLAIM: 1. A dye of the general formula (1) wherein M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, and X is chlorine or fluorine. 2. The dye according to claim 1, wherein X is chlorine. 3. The dye according to claim 1, wherein X is fluorine. 4. The dye according to claim 1, wherein M is hydrogen. 5. The dye according to claim 1, wherein M is an alkali metal. 6. A dye mixture comprising one or more of the dyes of the general formula (1) wherein M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, and X is chlorine or fluorine and also one or more further fiber-reactive dyes. 7. The dye mixture according to claim 6, comprising one or more of the dyes of the general formula (1) and also at least one dye selected from the general formulae (2), (3) and (4) wherein D is the radical of benzene or of naphthalene; R1 is hydrogen, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C4)-alkoxy or —SO3M; R2 is amino, (C1-C4)-alkyl or (C1-C4)-alkyl substituted by —COOM, — - SO3M or -SO2-Y1; R3 is hydrogen, chlorine, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C4-alkoxy or —SO3M; R4 is hydrogen, (C1-C4)-alkyl or (C1-C4)-alkoxy; R5 is hydrogen or —CO—R2 or has one of the meanings of Z; Y1 is vinyl or is ethyl substituted by an alkali-eliminable substituent in the β position; Z is a fiber-reactive radical selected from the group consisting of the halopyrimidines, of the dichloro-quinoxalines or of the halotriazines; m is 1, 2 or 3; n is 0 or 1; and M is hydrogen or an alkali metal. 8. The dye mixture according to claim 7, wherein the group (MO3S)m-D- in the general formula (2) represents the groups of the general formulae (5a) to (5c) and also of the general formulae (7a) to (7e) 9. The dye mixture according to claim 7, wherein fiber-reactive radicals Z are halotriazines have the general formula (9) where X4 is halogen, —NHCN or X5; and X5 is a group of the general formula (10) where R6 is hydrogen or (C1-C4)-alkyl; B is (C2-C6)-alkylene, (C2-C6)-allkylene interrupted by a heteroatom, or is phenylene; and Y1 is as defined above. 10. The dye mixture according to claim 9, wherein X4 is fluorine or chlorine, or —NHCN or is X5; and X5 is a group of the general formula (10) where R6 is hydrogen or methyl; Y1 is vinyl or is ethyl substituted by an alkali-eliminable in the β position; and B is ethylene or (C2-C6)-alkylene interrupted by an —O—. 11. The dye mixture according to claim 7, wherein the dye of the general formula (1) is present in an amount from 90% to 10% by weight and at least one dye selected from the general formulae (2), (3) and (4) is present in an amount from 10% to 90% by weight, all based on the total amount of dye. 12. A process for preparing a dye of the general formula (1), wherein M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, and X is chlorine or fluorine, which comprises acylating a monoazo compound of the general formula (11) wherein M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, with a triazine compound of the general formula (12) wherein X is chlorine or fluorine, and then condensing the resulting compound of the general formula (13) with N-methyltaurine. 13. A process of printing or dying a hydroxyl- and/or carboxamido- containing material which comprises contacting said material with a dye of the general formula (1) wherein M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, and X is chlorine or fluorine. 14. A printing ink comprising the dye of the general formula (1) according to claim 1. 15. A process for producing the dye mixture according to claim 6, which comprises mechanically mixing the dye of the general formula (I) and the further fiber-reactive dye. Abstract Title: Reactive dyes, preparation thereof The present invention relates to dyes of the general formula (1) 1. A dye of the general formula (1 ) where M and X are each as defined in claim 1, dye mixtures comprising one or more of the dyes of the general formula (1) and also one or more further fiber-reactive dyes, processes for their preparation, their use and printing inks comprising same.

Full Text

Reactive dyes, preparation thereof -
This invention relates to the technical field of fiber-reactive azo dyes.
The commercial practice of dyeing with fiber-reactive dyes has led to heightened
expectations with regard to the quality of the dyeings and the economics of the dyeing
operations. There consequently continues to be a demand for novel fiber-reactive dyes
having improved properties. Especially in the case of dyes having a yellow hue the
demand is for reactive dyes that provide high color strengths.
Numerous fiber-reactive dyes are described in the literature as useful for dyeing or printing
hydroxyl- and/or carboxamido-containing fibers, such as cellulosic fibers in particular, to
produce yellow dyeings.
Of these dyes, it is especially those which are known from DE 29 27 102 A, DE 31 02 287,
and EP 0 021 105 A1 which are of industrial interest. However, these conventional yellow-
dyeing dyes do not adequately meet the latest requirements with regard to their use in
specific dyeing processes, the dyeability of the fibers and the fastness properties of
dyeings obtainable therewith, for example.
EP 0 567 036 A1 further describes yellow-dyeing fiber-reactive dyes that do not
adequately satisfy the stated criteria. Especially the color strength of these products on
cellulose fibers is unsatisfactory.
The present invention, then, provides dyes and dye mixtures whose dyeings surprisingly
have a distinctly higher color strength compared with the dyes described in EP 0 567 036
A1.
The present invention accordingly relates to dyes of the general formula (1)

where
M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, and
X is chlorine or fluorine.
The present invention also relates to dye mixtures comprising one or more of the dyes of
the general formula (1) and also one or more further fiber-reactive dyes.
Preferred dye mixtures according to the present invention comprise one or more of the
dyes of the general formula (1) and also at least one dye selected from the general
formulae (2), (3) and (4)

where
D is the radical of benzene or of naphthalene;
R1 is hydrogen, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C4)-alkoxy or -SO3M;
R2 is amino, (C1-C4)-alkyl or (C1-C4)-alkyl substituted by -COOM, -SO3M or -SO2-Y1;
R3 is hydrogen, chlorine, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C4)-alkoxy or -SO3M;
R4 is hydrogen, (C1-C4)-alkyl or (C1-C4)-alkoxy;
R5 is hydrogen or -CO-R2 or has one of the meanings of Z;
Y1 is vinyl or is ethyl substituted by an alkali-eliminable substituent in the β position;
Z is a fiber-reactive radical from the series of the halopyrimidines, of the dichloro-
quinoxalines or of the halotriazines;
m is 1,2 or 3;
n is 0 or 1; and
M is as defined above.
In the general formulae (1) to (4), alkali metal M is preferably sodium, potassium or lithium.
(C1-C4)-Alkyl groups may be straight chain or branched and may be for example methyl,
ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl. Methyl and ethyl are
particularly preferred. The same, mutates mutandis, holds for (C1-C4)-alkoxy groups, for
which methoxy or ethoxy are accordingly particularly preferred.
The substituent R1 is preferably hydrogen, methyl or methoxy. The substituent R2 is
preferably methyl or amino. The substituent R3 is preferably hydrogen, methyl, methoxy or
chlorine. The substituent R4 is preferably hydrogen, methyl or methoxy.
Alkali-eliminable substituents in the β position of ethyl Y1 are in particular chlorine, sulfato,
thiosulfato, phosphato, (C2-C5)-alkanoyloxy, for example acetyloxy, and sulfobenzoyloxy. It
is particularly preferred for Y1 to be vinyl or β-sulfatoethyl.
The groups "sulfato", "thiosulfato" and "phosphato" include not only their acid form but also
their salt form. Accordingly, thiosulfato groups conform to the general formula -S-SO3M,

phosphate groups to the general formula - OPO3M2 and sulfato groups to the general
formula -OSO3M, in each of which M is as defined above.
The group (MO3S)m-D- in the general formula (2) is preferably a group of the general
formula (5), (6) or (7)

where M and m are each as defined above.
It is particularly preferred for the group (MO3S)m-D- in the general formula (2) to represent
the groups of the general formulae (5a) to (5c) and also of the general formulae (7a) to
(7e)

Fiber-reactive radicals Z from the series of the halopyrimidines have in particular the
general formula (8)

where X1 to X3 are independently hydrogen, cyano or halogen, in particular fluorine or
chlorine, subject to the proviso that at least one of X1 to X3 is halogen.
Particularly preferred fiber-reactive radicals from the series of the halopyrimidines have the
following formulae (8a) to (9g):

Fiber-reactive radicals Z from the series of the halotriazines have in particular the
general formula (9)

where
X4 is halogen, in particular fluorine or chlorine, or -NHCN or is X5; and
X5 is a group of the general formula (10)

where
R6 is hydrogen or (C1-C4)-alkyl, in particular methyl;
B is (C2-C6)-alkylene, in particular ethylene, is (C2-C6)-alkylene interrupted by a
heteroatom, in particular -O-, or is phenylene; and
Y1 is as defined above.
Particularly preferred fiber-reactive radicals from the series of the halotriazines have the
following formulae (9a) to (9g):

where M is as defined above.

In general, in the dye mixtures of the present invention, the dye of the general formula (1)
is present in an amount from 90% to 10% by weight, preferably 70% to 30% by weight and
more preferably 60% to 40% by weight, and at least one dye selected from the general
formulae (2), (3) and (4) is present in an amount from 10% to 90% by weight, preferably
30% to 70% by weight and more preferably 40% to 60% by weight, all based on the total
amount of dye.
Dyes of the general formulae (2) to (4) that contain an -SO2-Y1 group can be present in
mixtures in which the individual dyes differ only in the reactive group -SO2-Y1. Preferred
mixtures of this kind contain for example a dye of the general formulae (2), (3) or (4) where
Y = vinyl and a dye of the general formulae (2), (3) or (4) where Y = p-sulfatoethyl. The
fraction of dye in the vinylsulfonyl form may be up to about 30 mol%, based on the
particular dye chromophore. Preferably, the fraction of vinylsulfonyl dye to p-ethyl-
substituted dye is in a molar ratio between 5:95 and 30:70.
The present invention's dyes of the general formula (I) and also the present invention's
dye mixtures are generally present as a formulation in solid or liquid (dissolved) form. In
solid form, they generally contain the electrolyte salts customary in the case of water-
soluble and in particular fiber-reactive dyes, such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride
and sodium sulfate, and may further contain the auxiliaries customary in commercial dyes,
such as buffer substances capable of setting a pH in aqueous solution between 3 and 7,
such as sodium acetate, sodium borate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium dihydrogen-
phosphate, sodium tricitrate and disodium hydrogenphosphate, small amounts of
siccatives or when they are present in liquid, aqueous solution (including a content of
thickeners of the type customary in print pastes), they may also contain substances which
ensure a long life for this formulations, examples being mold-preventing agents.
The present invention's dyes of the general formula (I) and also the present invention's
dye mixtures are preferably present as a dye powder or as a dye granulate containing 10%
to 80% by weight, based on the powder or granulate, of an electrolyte salt which is also
known as a standardizing agent. Granulates have particle sizes in particular of 50 to 500
urn. These solid formulations may additionally contain the aforementioned buffer
substances in a total amount up to 10% by weight, based on the formulation. When the
dyes or dye mixtures are present in aqueous solution, the total dye content in these
aqueous solutions is up to about 50% by weight, for example between 5% and 50% by
weight, the electrolyte salt content in these aqueous solutions preferably being below 10%

by weight, based on the aqueous solution. The aqueous solutions (liquid formulations)
may generally contain the aforementioned buffer substances in an amount up to 10% by
weight, preferably up to 2% by weight.
The present invention's dyes of the general formula (1) can be prepared by acylating a
monoazo compound of the general formula (11)

where M is as defined above, with a triazine compound of the general formula (12)

where X is as defined above, and then condensing the resulting compound of the general
formula (13)

with N-methyltaurine.
The monoazo compound of the general formula (11) is known from DE-A 4425222 and
can be prepared similarly to the directions given therein.
To prepare the present invention's dye of the general formula (1) where X is chlorine, the
acylation of the monoazo compound of the formula (11) with cyanuric chloride and also the
subsequent condensation with N-methyltaurine is carried out in the weakly acidic to neutral
range. The reaction temperature is normally 20-40°C for the acylation and 50-60°C for the
condensation.

The present invention's dye of the general formula (1) where X is fluorine is preferably
prepared by acylating the monoazo compound of the formula (11) with cyanuric fluoride at
0 to -2°C in the weakly acidic range and then condensing with N-methyltaurine in the
neutral to weakly acidic range and at 20-25°C.
The dye mixtures of the present invention are obtainable by mechanically mixing the
individual dyes in the desired weight ratio. The individual dyes may be utilized in the form
of dye powders or dye solutions or else in the form of formulated commercial forms, i.e.,
for example as a powder, as a granulate or as a liquid brand, which include customary
auxiliaries.
The dyes of the general formulae (2) and (3) are known and described for example in
DE-A 3102287, US 5298607, EP 0 021 105 A1 and DE-A 1911427. They can be prepared
similarly to the directions given therein. Similarly, dyes of the general formula (4) have
been extensively described and are obtainable via standard methods of synthesis.
The present invention's dyes and dye mixtures include further fiber-reactive dyes, in an
amount up to 5% by weight, based on the total amount of dye, for shading purposes.
These "shading dyes" can be added by customary mixing or else be prepared chemically
in the same reaction batch together with the synthesis of a dye according to the present
invention or of a dye mixture and be incorporated into the dye or dye mixture.
The present invention's dyes and dye mixtures are useful for dyeing or printing hydroxyl-
and/or carboxamido-containing materials and possess valuable performance
characteristics for these purposes.
The present invention thus also relates to the use of the present invention's dyes of the
general formula (1) and also of the present invention's dye mixtures for dyeing or printing
hydroxyl- and/or carboxamido-containing materials or to be more precise to processes for
dyeing or printing such materials in a conventional manner.
Hydroxyl- and/or carboxamido-containing materials may be present for example in the
form of sheetlike constructions or self-supporting films, but in particular in the form of

fibers. Fibers in turn are preferably textile fibers, such as wovens or yarns which can
be used in the form of hanks or wound packages.
Carboxamido-containing materials are for example natural and synthetic polyamides and
polyurethanes, for example wool and other animal hairs, soap, leather, nylon-6,6, nylon-6,
nylon-11 and nylon-4.
Preference is given to hydroxyl-containing materials of natural or synthetic origin, for
example cellulose fiber materials or their regenerated products and polyvinyl alcohols.
Cellulose fiber materials are preferably cotton, but also other vegetable fibers, such as
linen, hemp, jute and ramie fibers. Regenerated fibers of cellulose are for example staple
viscose and filament viscose and also chemically modified fibers of cellulose, such as
aminated fibers of cellulose or fibers as described for example in WO 96/37641 and WO
96/37642 and also in EP-A-0 538 785 and EP-A-0 692 559.
The present invention's dyes and dye mixtures can be applied to and fixed on the
substrates mentioned, especially the fiber materials mentioned, by the application
techniques known for water-soluble dyes and especially for fiber-reactive dyes. For
instance, on cellulose fibers they produce by the exhaust method from a long liquor and
also from a short liquor, for example in a liquor to goods ratio of 5:1 to 100:1,
preferably 6:1 to 30:1, using various acid-binding agents and optionally neutral salts as far
as necessary, such as sodium chloride or sodium sulfate, dyeings having very good color
yields. Application is preferably from an aqueous bath at temperatures between 40 and
105°C, optionally at a temperature of up to 130°C under superatmospheric pressure, but
preferably at 30 to 95°C, especially 45 to 65°C, in the presence or absence of customary
dyeing auxiliaries.
One possible procedure here is to introduce the material into the warm bath and to
gradually heat the bath to the desired dyeing temperature and complete the dyeing
process at that temperature. The neutral salts which accelerate the exhaustion of the dyes
may also if desired only be added to the bath after the actual dyeing temperature has been
reached.
Padding processes likewise provide excellent color yields and a very good color buildup on
cellulose fibers, the dyes being fixable in a conventional manner by batching at room
temperature or elevated temperature, for example at up to 60°C, or in a continuous

manner, for example by means of a pad- dry-pad steam process, by steaming or
using dry heat.
Similarly, the customary printing processes for cellulose fibers, which can be carried out in
one step, for example by printing with a print paste containing sodium bicarbonate or some
other acid-binding agent and by subsequent steaming at 100 to 103°C, or in two steps, for
example by printing with a neutral or weakly acidic print color and then fixing either by
passing the printed material through a hot electrolyte-containing alkaline bath or by
overpadding with an alkaline electrolyte-containing padding liquor and subsequent
batching or steaming or dry heat treatment of the alkali-overpadded material, produce
strong color prints with well-defined contours and a clear white ground. The outcome of the
prints is affected little, if at all, by variations in the fixing conditions.
When fixing by means of dry heat in accordance with the customary thermofix processes,
hot air at 120 to 200°C is used. In addition to the customary steam at 101 to 103°C, it is
also possible to use superheated steam and high-pressure steam at temperatures of up to
160°C.
The acid-binding agents which effect the fixation of the dyes and of the dye mixtures
according to the invention on the cellulose fibers are for example water-soluble basic salts
of alkali metals and likewise alkaline earth metals of inorganic or organic acids or
compounds which liberate alkali in the heat, and also alkali metal silicates. Especially
suitable are the alkali metal hydroxides and alkali metal salts of weak to medium inorganic
or organic acids, the preferred alkali metal compounds being the sodium and potassium
compounds. Such acid-binding agents are for example sodium hydroxide, potassium
hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium formate,
sodium dihydrogenphosphate, disodium hydrogenphosphate, sodium trichloroacetate,
trisodium phosphate or waterglass or mixtures thereof, for example mixtures of aqueous
sodium hydroxide solution and waterglass.
The present invention's dyes and dye mixtures possess excellent color strength on
cellulose fiber materials when applied by dyeing and printing.

The dyeings and prints obtainable with the dyes and dye mixtures according to the
invention possess bright shades; more particularly, the dyeings and prints on cellulose
fiber materials possess good lightfastness and especially good wetfastnesses, such as
fastness to washing, milling, water, seawater, crossdyeing and acidic and alkaline
perspiration, also good fastness to heat-setting and pleating and crocking. Furthermore,
the cellulose dyeings obtained following the customary aftertreatment of rinsing to remove
unfixed dye portions exhibit excellent wetfastnesses, in particular since unfixed dye
portions are easily washed off because of their good solubility in cold water.
Furthermore, the dye mixtures according to the invention can also be used for the fiber-
reactive dyeing of wool. Moreover, wool which has been given a nonfelting or low-felting
finish (cf. for example H. Rath, Lehrbuch der Textilchemie, Springer-Verlag, 3rd edition
(1972), pages 295-299, especially finished by the Hercosett process (page 298); J. Soc.
Dyers and Colourists 1972, 93-99, and 1975, 33-44) can be dyed to very good fastness
properties. The process of dyeing on wool is here carried out in a conventional manner
from an acidic medium. For instance, acetic acid and/or ammonium sulfate or acetic acid
and ammonium acetate or sodium acetate can be added to the dyebath to obtain the
desired pH. To obtain a dyeing of acceptable levelness, it is advisable to add a customary
leveling agent, for example a leveling agent based on a reaction product of cyanuric
chloride with three times the molar amount of an aminobenzenesulfonic acid and/or of an
aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid or on the basis of a reaction product of for example
stearylamine with ethylene oxide. For instance, the dye or the dye mixture according to the
invention is preferably subjected to the exhaust process initially from an acidic dyebath
having a pH of about 3.5 to 5.5 under pH control and the pH is then, toward the end of the
dyeing time, shifted into the neutral and optionally weakly alkaline range up to a pH of 8.5
to bring about, especially for very deep dyeings, the full reactive bond between the dyes
and the fiber. At the same time, the dye portion not reactively bound is removed.
The procedure described herein also applies to the production of dyeings on fiber
materials composed of other natural polyamides or of synthetic polyamides and
polyurethanes. In general, the material to be dyed is introduced into the bath at a
temperature of about 40°C, agitated therein for some time, the dyebath is then adjusted to
the desired weakly acidic, preferably weakly acetic acid, pH and the actual dyeing is
carried out at a temperature between 60 and 98°C. However, the dyeings can also be

carried out at the boil or in sealed dyeing apparatus at temperatures of up to 106°C.
Since the water solubility of the dyes and dye mixtures according to the invention is very
good, they can also be used with advantage in customary continuous dyeing processes.
The color strength of the dyes and dye mixtures according to the invention is very high.
The abovementioned dyes and dye mixtures can also be formulated into printing inks for
digital textile printing.
The present invention thus also relates to printing inks comprising a dye of the general
formula (1) according to the present invention or a dye mixture according to the present
invention.
The amounts in which the present invention's dyes of the general formula (1) or the
present invention's dye mixtures are present in such printing inks range for example from
0.1% by weight to 50% by weight, preferably from 1% by weight to 30% by weight and
more preferably from 1% by weight to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the ink.
For the inks to be used in the continuous flow process, a conductivity of 0.5 to 25 mS/m
can be set by adding an electrolyte. Useful electrolytes include for example lithium nitrate
and potassium nitrate.
The printing inks mentioned may include organic solvents with a total content of 1-50%,
preferably of 5-30% by weight based on the total weight of the ink.
Examples of suitable organic solvents are alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, 1-
propanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, tert-butanol and pentyl alcohol, for example; polyhydric
alcohols, such as 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, butanediol, 1,3-butanediol,
1,4-butanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 2,3-propanediol, pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-
pentanediol, hexanediol, D,L-1,2-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol and 1,2-
octanediol, for example; polyalkylene glycols, such as polyethylene glycol and
polypropylene glycol, for example; alkylene glycols having 2 to 8 alkylene groups, such as
monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, thioglycol,
thiodiglycol, butyltriglycol, hexylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and
tripropylene glycol, for example; lower alkyl ethers of polyhydric alcohols, such as ethylene
glycol, monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl
ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene
glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl

ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether,
tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monobutyl ether, tetraethylene
glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl
ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether and tripropylene glycol isopropyl ether, for
example; polyalkylene glycol ethers, such as polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether,
polypropylene glycol glycerol ether, polyethylene glycol tridecyl ether and polyethylene
glycol nonylphenyl ether, for example; amines, such as methylamine, ethylamine,
triethylamine, diethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, dibutylamine, diethanolamine,
triethanolamine, N-acetylethanolamine, N-formylethanolamine and ethylenediamine, for
example; urea derivatives, such as urea, thiourea, N-methylurea, N,N'-epsilon-
dimethylurea, ethyleneurea and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea, for example; amides, such as
dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and acetamide, for example; ketones or keto
alcohols, such as acetone and diacetone alcohol, for example; cyclic ethers, such as
tetrahydrofuran, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 2-butoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol, 2-
butoxyethanol, gamma-butyrolactone, epsilon-caprolactam, for example;
additionally sulfolane, dimethylsulfolane, methylsulfolane, 2,4-dimethylsulfolane, dimethyl
sulfone, butadiene sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dibutyl sulfoxide, N-cyclohexylpyrrolidone,
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone, 2-pyrrolidone, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-
pyrrolidone, 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone,
1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolinone, 1,3-bismethoxymethylimidazolidine, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-
ethanol, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol, 2-(2-propoxyethoxy)-
ethanol, pyridine, piperidine, butyrolacetone, trimethylpropane, 1,2-dimethoxypropane,
dioxane, ethyl acetate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, ethyl pentyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxy-
propane and trimethylpropane.
The inks may further include the customary additives, such as, for example, viscosity
moderators to set viscosities in the range from 1.5 to 40.0 mPa.s in a temperature range
from 20 to 50°C. Preferred inks have a viscosity of 1.5 to 20 mPas and particularly
preferred inks a viscosity of 1.5 to 15 mPas.
Useful viscosity moderators include Theological additives, examples being the following:
polyvinylcaprolactam, polyvinylpyrrolidone and their copolymers, polyether polyol,
associative thickener, polyurea, polyurethane, sodium alginates, modified
galactomannans, polyetherurea, polyurethane, and nonionic cellulose ethers.

As further additions the inks mentioned may include surface-active substances to set
surface tensions of 20 to 65 mN/m, which are adapted where appropriate as a function of
the process used (thermal or piezo technology).
Useful surface-active substances include, for example, surfactants of all kinds, preferably
nonionic surfactants, butyldiglycol and 1,2-hexanediol.
The inks mentioned may further include customary additions, such as substances for
preventing fungal and bacterial growth, for example, in amounts of 0.01% to 1% by weight,
based on the total weight of the ink.
The inks mentioned may be prepared in a conventional manner by mixing the components
in water.
The inks mentioned are useful for use in inkjet printing processes for printing a wide
variety of pretreated materials, such as silk, leather, wool, polyamide fibers and
polyurethanes, and especially cellulosic fiber materials of any kind. Examples of fiber
materials of this kind include the natural cellulose fibers, such as cotton, linen and hemp,
and pulp and regenerated cellulose. The present invention's inks are also useful for
printing pretreated hydroxyl- or amino-containing fibers present in the blend fabrics,
examples being blends of cotton, silk or wool with polyester fibers or polyamide fibers.
In contrast to conventional textile printing, where the printing ink already contains all the
fixing chemicals and thickeners for a reactive dye, in inkjet printing the assistants have to
be applied to the textile substrate in a separate pretreatment step.
The pretreatment of the textile substrate, such as cellulose fibers and regenerated
cellulose fibers, and also silk and wool, for example, takes place prior to printing, using an
aqueous alkaline liquor. The fixing of reactive dyes requires alkali, such as sodium
carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, trisodium phosphate, sodium silicate or
sodium hydroxide, alkali donors such as, for example, sodium chloroacetate or sodium
formate, hydrotropic substances such as, for example, urea, reduction inhibitors, such as,
for example, sodium nitrobenzenesulfonates, and also thickeners to prevent the motifs
flowing when the printing ink is applied. The latter are, for example, sodium alginates,
modified polyacrylates or highly etherified galactomannans.
These pretreatment reagents are applied uniformly to the textile substrate in a defined

amount using suitable applicators, examples being a 2- or 3-roll padder, using
contactless spraying technologies, by means of foam application, or using appropriately
adapted inkjet technologies, and are subsequently dried. Printing is followed by drying of
the textile fiber material at 120 to 150°C and then by fixing.
The fixing of the inkjet prints can be carried out at room temperature or with saturated
steam, with superheated steam, with hot air, with microwaves, with infrared radiation, with
laser or electron beams or with other suitable energy transfer techniques.
A distinction is made between one- and two-phase fixing operations. In one-phase fixing
the necessary fixing chemicals are already on the textile substrate. In the case of two-
phase fixing this pretreatment is unnecessary. Fixing requires only alkali, which is applied
following inkjet printing and before the fixing operation, without drying in between. There is
no need for further additions such as urea or thickener.
Fixing is followed by print aftertreatment, which is the prerequisite for good fastnesses,
high brilliance and an immaculate white ground.
The prints prepared with the inks mentioned, especially on cellulose fiber materials,
possess a high color strength and a high fiber-dye bond stability not only in the acidic, but
also in the alkaline range, and also possess good light fastness and very good wet
fastness properties, such as fastness to washing, water, seawater, crossdyeing and
perspiration, and also good fastness to heat setting and pleating, and crocking.
The examples which follow serve to illustrate the invention. Parts and percentages are by
weight unless noted otherwise. The relationship of parts by weight to parts by volume is
that of the kilogram to the liter. The compounds described by formula in the examples are
written in the form of the sodium salts, since they are generally prepared and isolated in
the form of their salts, preferably sodium or potassium salts, and are used in the form of
their salts for coloring. The starting compounds specified in the examples especially table
examples below can be used for synthesis in the form of the free acid or likewise in the
form of their salts, preferably alkali metal salts, such as sodium or potassium salts.
Example 1
A suspension of 800 parts of water and 114 parts of the monoazo compound of the
formula (11) where M is sodium, is adjusted to a pH of 5 with sodium carbonate. 36.9 parts

of cyanuric chloride are then introduced and the batch is stirred at room temperature for
2 hours while maintaining the pH at 5.5 to 6.0 with sodium carbonate. To complete the
reaction, the batch is heated to 35-40°C and subsequently stirred at pH 5.5-6.0 for 90
minutes.
The suspension obtained is admixed with 81.22 parts of a neutral 35% solution of
N-methyltaurine. The batch is subsequently stirred at 50-60°C for 8 hours while the pH is
maintained at 5-6 by addition of sodium carbonate.
The as-synthesized solution is worked up to obtain the electrolyte-containing compound of
the formula (1a)

which has very good dye properties and when applied and fixed by the methods
customary for fiber-reactive dyes provides strong reddish yellow dyeings and prints of
good light- and wetfastness properties on cotton for example. The high color strengths of
these dyeings is particularly notable.
Example 2
A solution, adjusted to pH 7 with sodium carbonate, of 2000 parts of water and 114 parts
of the monoazo compound of the formula (11) where M is sodium is admixed with
40.5 parts of cyanuric fluoride at 0°C in the course of 20 minutes. The pH is allowed to
drop to 6 and is maintained at 6 by addition of sodium carbonate. The batch is
subsequently stirred for 20 minutes.
Then, 81.2 parts of a neutral 35% aqueous solution of N-methyltaurine are added
dropwise. The batch is subsequently stirred at pH 6.5 for 4 hours during which it is slowly
allowed to warm to room temperature.
The as-synthesized solution is worked up to obtain the electrolyte-containing compound of
the formula (1b)

which has very good dye properties and when applied and fixed by the methods
customary for fiber-reactive dyes provides strong reddish yellow dyeings and prints of
good light- and wetfastness properties on cotton for example. The high color strengths of
these dyeings is particularly notable.
Example 3
1000 parts of an aqueous as-synthesized solution comprising 84 parts of the dye of the
formula (1a) and 1000 parts of an aqueous as-synthesized solution comprising 91 parts of
the dye of the formula (2a)

are mixed together. The dye mixture of the present invention is isolated in a molar mixing
ratio of dye (1 a) to dye (2a) of 50:50 from the combined solution by spray-drying the dye
solution. The dye mixture obtained, which contains electrolyte salts, such as sodium
chloride and sodium sulfate from the synthesis, has very good dyeing properties and
provides for example on cellulosic fiber materials, such as cotton, or regenerated cellulose
fibers in an exhaust dyeing process customary for fiber-reactive dyes level yellow dyeings
possessing a very high color strength.

Example 4
1000 parts of an aqueous as-synthesized solution comprising 168 parts of the dye of the
formula (1a) and 1000 parts of an aqueous as-synthesized solution comprising 105 parts
of the dye of the formula (3a)

are mixed together and the dye mixture obtained is isolated by spray-drying the dye
solution. The dye mixture obtained, which contains electrolyte salts, such as sodium
chloride and sodium sulfate from the synthesis has a molar mixing ratio of dye (1a) to dye
(3a) of 50:50 and has very good dyeing properties and provides for example on cellulosic
fiber materials, such as cotton, or regenerated cellulose fibers in an exhaust dyeing
process customary for fiber-reactive dyes level yellow dyeings possessing a very high
color strength.
Example 5
800 parts of an aqueous solution comprising 40 parts of the dye of the formula (2b)

and 700 parts of an aqueous solution comprising 49 parts of the dye of the formula (1b)
are mixed together. A dye mixture is isolated in a molar mixing ratio of dye (2b) to dye (1b)
of 40:60 from the combined solution by spray-drying the dye solution. The dye mixture
obtained, which contains electrolyte salts, such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate
from the synthesis, has very good dyeing properties and provides for example on cellulosic
fiber materials, such as cotton, or regenerated cellulose fibers in an exhaust dyeing
process customary for fiber-reactive dyes level yellow dyeings possessing a very high
color strength.
Examples 6 to 40

The examples hereinbelow describe further inventive dye mixtures featuring the
hereinbelow mentioned dyes.

The mixtures of Examples 6 to 40 possess very good performance characteristics and
provide yellow dyeings and prints having a very high color strength on the materials
mentioned in the description, in particular cellulose fiber materials, by the customary
methods of use in dyeing and printing, preferably by the customary application and fixing
methods for fiber-reactive dyes.

WE CLAIM:
1. A dye of the general formula (1)

wherein
M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, and
X is chlorine or fluorine.
2. The dye according to claim 1, wherein X is chlorine.
3. The dye according to claim 1, wherein X is fluorine.
4. The dye according to claim 1, wherein M is hydrogen.
5. The dye according to claim 1, wherein M is an alkali metal.
6. A dye mixture comprising one or more of the dyes of the general
formula (1)

wherein
M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, and
X is chlorine or fluorine and also one or more further fiber-reactive
dyes.
7. The dye mixture according to claim 6, comprising one or more of the
dyes of the general formula (1) and also at least one dye selected
from the general formulae (2), (3) and (4)

wherein
D is the radical of benzene or of naphthalene;
R1 is hydrogen, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C4)-alkoxy or —SO3M;
R2 is amino, (C1-C4)-alkyl or (C1-C4)-alkyl substituted by —COOM, —
- SO3M or -SO2-Y1;
R3 is hydrogen, chlorine, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C4-alkoxy or —SO3M;
R4 is hydrogen, (C1-C4)-alkyl or (C1-C4)-alkoxy;
R5 is hydrogen or —CO—R2 or has one of the meanings of Z;
Y1 is vinyl or is ethyl substituted by an alkali-eliminable substituent in
the β position;
Z is a fiber-reactive radical selected from the group consisting of the
halopyrimidines, of the dichloro-quinoxalines or of the halotriazines;
m is 1, 2 or 3;
n is 0 or 1; and
M is hydrogen or an alkali metal.
8. The dye mixture according to claim 7, wherein the group (MO3S)m-D-
in the general formula (2) represents the groups of the general
formulae (5a) to (5c) and also of the general formulae (7a) to (7e)

9. The dye mixture according to claim 7, wherein fiber-reactive radicals Z
are halotriazines have the general formula (9)
where
X4 is halogen, —NHCN or X5; and
X5 is a group of the general formula (10)

where
R6 is hydrogen or (C1-C4)-alkyl;
B is (C2-C6)-alkylene, (C2-C6)-allkylene interrupted by a heteroatom, or
is phenylene; and
Y1 is as defined above.
10. The dye mixture according to claim 9, wherein
X4 is fluorine or chlorine, or —NHCN or is X5; and
X5 is a group of the general formula (10)

where
R6 is hydrogen or methyl;
Y1 is vinyl or is ethyl substituted by an alkali-eliminable in the β
position; and
B is ethylene or (C2-C6)-alkylene interrupted by an —O—.

11. The dye mixture according to claim 7, wherein the dye of the general
formula (1) is present in an amount from 90% to 10% by weight and
at least one dye selected from the general formulae (2), (3) and (4) is
present in an amount from 10% to 90% by weight, all based on the
total amount of dye.
12. A process for preparing a dye of the general formula (1),

wherein
M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, and
X is chlorine or fluorine, which comprises acylating a monoazo
compound of the general formula (11)

wherein M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, with a triazine compound of
the general formula (12)

wherein X is chlorine or fluorine, and then condensing the resulting
compound of the general formula (13)

with N-methyltaurine.
13. A process of printing or dying a hydroxyl- and/or carboxamido-
containing material which comprises contacting said material with a
dye of the general formula (1)

wherein
M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, and
X is chlorine or fluorine.
14. A printing ink comprising the dye of the general formula (1) according
to claim 1.
15. A process for producing the dye mixture according to claim 6, which
comprises mechanically mixing the dye of the general formula (I) and
the further fiber-reactive dye.

Abstract

Title: Reactive dyes, preparation thereof
The present invention relates to dyes of the general formula (1)
1. A dye of the general formula (1 )

where M and X are each as defined in claim 1, dye mixtures comprising one
or more of the dyes of the general formula (1) and also one or more further
fiber-reactive dyes, processes for their preparation, their use and printing
inks comprising same.

REACTIVE DYES AND PREPARATION THEREOF

Documents:

Inventors:

PCT Conventions: