Title of Invention

"AN INDENE DERIVATIVE OF FORMULA (I)"

Abstract

The present invention is related to an indene derivative of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein, R1a is H; R1b is OCH3, -OC2H5, -NH2, -NHCOCH3, -NHCOC2H5, -N(C2H5)2, -NHC2H5, R2 is CN, CO2Ra or CONReRf; R3 is phenyl; R4, R5, and R7 are H; Re is -OCH3, -O(CH2)3Rg, -O(CH2)2Rg', -CH2Rh or in which Ra is H, methyl or ethyl; Re is H; Rf is cyclohexyl; Rg is phenyl; Rg' and Rh is and m is an integer in the range of 1 to 3.

Full Text

INDENE DERIVATIVES AND PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a novel indene derivative, which is useful as a modulator of a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR), a process for the preparation thereof and a pharmaceutical composition containing same as an active ingredient. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and function as transcription factors regulating gene expression in a form of heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs). The PPARs are divided into three subtypes, "PPARa", "PPARy" and "PPAR8", and are generally involved in maintaining energy homeostasis in vertebrates through the control of fat and glucose metabolisms. Accordingly, many attempts have been made to develop PPARa and PPARy full agonists which are useful for the treatment and prevention of disorders modulated by PPARs, e.g., metabolic syndromes such as diabetes, obesity, arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinism and hypertension; inflammatory diseases such as osteoporosis, liver cirrhosis and asthma; and cancer. For example, it has been reported that thiazolidine-2,4-dione (TZD) and non-TZD-based full agonists on PPARy exhibit excellent blood glucose level- lowering effect in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) mammal models (J. Med. Chem., 1999, 42, 3785.; Bioorg. Med Chem. Lett., 2000, 2453.; Chem. Pharm. Bull, 2002, 50, 1349.; Bio, Med. Chem. Lett.. 2002, 77.;./. Med. Chem., 2003, 46, 3581.). However, such a PPARy full agonist is also known to cause adverse side effects including weight gain due to facilitation of fat cell differentiation, cardiac hypertrophy, edema and liver damage. Therefore, there exists a need to develop selective PPAR modulators (SPPARMs) which are capable of selectively controlling activities of the PPARs without causing side effects (Molecular Cell, 2001, 8, 737; Molecular Endocrinology, 2003, 17, 662; Molecular Endocrinology, 2002, 16, 2628). SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a novel compound, which is capable of selectively modulating the activities of peroxisome proliferator v activated receptors (PPARs), causing no adverse side effects. It is another object of the present invention to provide a process for the preparation of said compound. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a pharmaceutical composition containing said compound as an active ingredient. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a novel indene derivative of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: (Figure Remove) wherein, R,ais OH or H; Rib is C|.() alky], t\6 cycloaJkyl, benzyl or phenyl, the phenyl being optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, CN, Nil,, NO2 and ORa. when R,a is OH; when Rla is H, R,b is OR", NRbRc, NHCOR8 or R2 is CN, CO>Ra or CONReRr; 11} is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, CN, NH2, NO2, OR" and C|_6 alkyJ; and R4, R\ R" and R7 are each independently H, O(CH2)mRg or CH2Rh; in which Rd is II, C,.,-, alkyl or C3.6 cycloalkyl, the C,.6 alkyl and C3.6 cycloalkyl being optionally substituted with one or more halogens; Rb, R\ RL' and R1 are each independently H, Ci_6 alkyl, C3.6 cycloalkyl or benzyl; RdisO, SorNR"; I-N R" \ / '% is if, , or phenyl, the phenyl being optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, CM, NH2 and NO,; Rh is x—/ ; and m is an integer in the range of 1 to 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The indene derivatives of the present invention may include optical isomers of the compound of formula (I). Also, (he pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the inventive indene derivative is a non-loxic addition salt generated from an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, an organic acid such as trifluoroaeetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, maleic acid and fumaric acid, an inorganic base such as an alkali or alkaline earth metal (e.g., sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium) hydroxides, bicarbonates and carbonates, or an organic base such as amines. Among the compounds of formula (1) of the present invention, preferred are those wherein R,h is C'u, alkyl, C\6 cycloalkyl, benzyl or phenyl, the phenyl being optionally substituted with one or more methoxy groups, when R,a is OH; when R,a is H, R,b is ORa, NRbR\ NJirOR'1 or N— ; R3 is phenyl being optionally substituted with one or more halogens or CM alkyls; and R4 and R7 is H, in which Ra is H or C,.6 alkyl; Rd is O or S; R8 is H, phenyl. . or More preferred are those wherein R3 is phenyl; R5 is H; and R6 is O(CH2)mR8 or CH:Rh. The present invention also provides processes for preparing indene derivatives of formula (I) The inventive compound of formula (I) may be prepared, for example, as shown in Reaction Schemes I or 2 as described below: Reaction Scheme 1 (Figure Remove) Reaction Scheme 2 (Figure Remove) wherein, R|a, R)b, R?. ^^ R-4, R-s> R-6 and R7 have the same meanings as defined in formula (I), and X is halogen. In Reaction Scheme 1, the compound of formula (1-a), i.e., a compound formula (1) wherein Rla is OH and R)b is alkyl, phenyl or benzyl, may be prepared by reacting the compound of formula (11) with RMgX or RLi (R=alkyl or aryl, and X- halogen), preferably with a Grignard reagent (RMgX) in a solvent. The solvent that can be used in this reaction is tetrahydrofuran (THF) or diethyl ether, and the reaction may be carried out at a temperature in the range of 0 to room temperature for 1 hour or less. Further, in Reaction Scheme 1, the compound of formula (1-b), i.e., a compound formula (1) wherein R\d is H and Rib is NH2, may be prepared by (la) reacting the compound of formula (II) with hydroxyl amine to obtain the corresponding compound of formula (III), and (Ib) reacting the compound of formula (III) with hydrogen in the presence of catalyst, e.g., Pt/C', Pd or Raney nickel. Reaction (la) may be conducted in a solvent, e.g., methanol or ethanol at a temperature in the range of room temperature to the boiling point of the solvent until the compound of formula (11) is entirely consumed. In reaction (Ib), hydrogen may be provided using a balloon and the reaction may be carried out using a solvent, e.g., methanol or ethanol at a temperature in the range of 10 to 30 for 1 to 24 hours. Also, as shown in Reaction Scheme I, the compound of formula (I-c), i.e., a compound formula (I) wherein R,H is H and RIb is NHCOR8, may be prepared by reacting the compound of formula (I-b) with acetyl chloride or anhydrous acetic acid in a solvent in the presence of a base. The solvent that can be used in the reaction is dichloromethane, chloroform or dichloroethane, and the base may be triethylamine, pyridine or diisopropylethylarnine, and the reaction may be carried out at a temperature in the range of 0 to 40°C for 1 min to 12 hours. in Reaction Scheme 2, the compound of formula (I-d), i.e., a compound formula (1) '—v ^ N R wherein Ria is 11 and R,b is ORa, NRbRc or ^—' , may be prepared by (2a) halogenating the compound of formula (VIII) using a radical halogenating agent, e.g., N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) or N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS), in the presence of a radical initiator such as a/.obisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) to obtain the compound of formula (IV), and (2b) reacting the compound of formula (IV) with an appropriate amine or alcohol in the presence of an inorganic compound, e.g., AgNO3 or silver(I) triflate. Reaction (2a) may be conducted in a solvent, e.g., dichloromethane, chloroform or dichloroethane at a temperature in the range of room temperature to the boiling point of the solvent for 1 to 24 hours, and reaction (2b) may be conducted in a solvent, e.g., tetrahydrofuran, melhanol or ethanol at a temperature in the range of 10 to 70 for 1 to 24 hours. The compounds of formula (II) and (VIII) used as starting materials in preparing the compounds of formula (I-a), (I-b), (I-c) and (I-d) may be prepared by the method described in Tetrahedron, 1995, 51, 12179; J. Org. Chem., 1993, 58, 4579; J. Chem, Soc., Perkin Trans 7., 1992, 2985; Synthesis, 1991, 115&176; J. Med Chem., 1988, 31, 1316&1754, as shown in Reaction Schemes 3 to 6. Reaction Scheme_3 (Figure Remove) wherein, R2, R^, R4, Rs. R6 and R7 have the same meanings as defined in formula (I), and Z is halogen or a leaving group such as OMs In Reaction Scheme 3, the compound of formula (II) may be prepared by (3a) reacting the compound of formula (V) with the compound of (VI) in the presence of a base to obtain the corresponding compound of formula (VII), (3b) cyclizing the compound of formula (VII) to form a cyclic compound of formula (VIII), and (3c) oxidizing the compound of formula (VIII). 1 he solvent which can be used in reaction (3a) includes a polar solvent such as DMF, and the base may be an inorganic base such as K2CO}, and reaction (3a) may be carried out at 20 to 50 for 3 to 15 hours, using the inorganic base in an amount ranging from 2 to 10 equivalents and can be facilitated by the addition of sodium iodide in an amount ranging from 1 to 3 equivalents based on the amount of the compound of formula (V). In reaction (3b), the eyclization of the compound of formula (VII) may be conducted in a solvent, e.g., polyphosphoric acid (FPA), polyphosphoric acid/xylene, methane sulfonic acid (MSA) or pyridinium toluene sulfonate (PPTS) in an amount ranging from 5 to 10 equivalents based on the amount of the compound of formula (VII), at a temperature in the range of 30 to 50 for 3 to 12 hours. Further, in reaction (3c), the oxidization of the compound of formula (VIII) may be carried out in a solvent, e.g., 1,4-dioxane or THF, at a temperature in the range of 50 to 120 for 7 to 15 hours, using a conventional oxidizing agent, preferably, selenium dioxide in an amount ranging from 5 to 15 equivalents based on the amount of the compound of formula (VIII). Also, the compounds of formula (V) and (VI) used as starting materials in Reaction Scheme 3 are commercially available or they may be easily prepared in accordance with the conventional procedures disclosed in Indian J. Chem. Sect. B, 1983, 22, 830. Reaction Scheme 4 (Figure Remove) wherein, R2, R3, R4, Rs, Rh and R7 have the same meanings as defined in formula (I). In Reaction Scheme 4, the compound of formula (II) may be prepared by (4a) reacting the compound of formula (IX) with the compound of formula (X) in the presence of a base to obtain the corresponding compound of formula (XI), (4b) cyclizing the compound of formula (XI) to form a cyclic compound of formula (XII), and (4c) oxidizing the compound of formula (Xll). The solvent which can be used in reaction (4a) includes a polar solvent such as DMF, ethanol and nitroethane, and the base may be an inorganic base such as sodium hydroxide, or an organic base such as piperidine, and this condensation reaction (4a) may be carried out at 20 to 80 for 3 to 15 hours, using the base in an amount ranging from 2 to 5 equivalents based on the amount of the compound of formula (IX). In reaction (4b), the cyclization of the compound of formula (VII) may be conducted in a solvent, e.g., dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride or xylene, at 20 to 50 for about 3 to 12 hours in the presence of methane sulfonic acid (MSA), pyridinium toluene sulfonate (PPTS) or polyphosphoric acid (PPA). In reaction (4a), if the compound of formula (IX) is reacted with the compound of formula (X) in anhydrous nitroethane in the presence of ammonium chloride under a nitrogen gas atmosphere, the above condensation and cyclization reactions (4a) and (4b) may be conducted in one pot to obtain the compound of formula (XII). Further, in reaction (4c), the compound of formula (XII) is oxidized using phenyl selenium chloride and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an amine such as pyridine, to obtain the compound of formula (II). Phenyl selenium chloride and the amine base may be used in amounts ranging from 1 to 3 equivalents and 1 to 5 equivalents, respectively, based on the amount of the compound of formula (Xll), and an excess amount of 30%-hydrogen peroxide may be used in this reaction, which may be carried out in a solvent, e.g., dichloromethane, chloroform, 1,4-dioxane or carbon tetrachloride, at 20 to 70 for 3 to ! 5 hours, Further, the compounds of formula (IX) and (X) used as starting materials in Reaction Scheme 4 are commercially available. Reaction Scheme 5 (Figure Remove) wherein, R2, K^, R4, R,, R(1 and R7 have the same meanings as defined in formula (I). In Reaction Scheme 5, the compound of formula (31) may be prepared by (5a) bromination of the compound of formula (XIII) to obtain the compound of formula (XIV) and (5b) introducing R? to the compound of formula (XIV). Jn reaction (5a), the compound of formula (Xlli) is brominated in carbon tetrachloride using NBS in an amount of 1 to 3 equivalents based on the compound of formula (XIII), to obtain the compound of formula (XIV), and the reaction may be conducted at 50 to 100 for about 0.5 to 3 hours, while irradiating infrared ray with a lamp or using a radical initiator such as AIBN. Further, in reaction (5b), the compound of formula (II) may be prepared by conducting the conventional palladium-catalyzed C-C coupling reaction, e.g., Suzuki reaction or Heck reaction as described in Tetrahedron Lett. 2003, 44, 7095 and Org. Lett. 2004, 6, 1577, or by reacting the compound of formula (XIV) with an appropriate R^-containing nucleophile at 70 to 150 for 3 to 15 hours in the presence of copper(I) cyanide or sodium methane sulfonate in an amount of 1 to 5 equivalents based on the amount of the compound of formula (XIV) using a polar solvent such as nitroethane and DMF. Suitable processes for preparing the compound of formula (II) as shown in Reaction Scheme 6 are as follows. Reaction Scheme 6 (Figure Remove) Y -{CH2)n- XV wherein. R?, R-,, R4, R5, R6 and R7 have the same meanings as defined in formula (I); Y is OH, SI 1, NH2, C|,6 alkyl or halogen; and n is an integer in the range of 0 to 5. Method I): Useful processes when Y is OH, SH or NH2 The compound of formula (II) may be prepared by conducting conventional acylation or alkylation reactions as described in J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 3321 and Tetrahedron Lett. 2003, 44,4199. Specifically, the compound of formula (XV) may be reacted with an appropriate carboxylic acid or an acyl chloride under conventional reaction conditions, using a condensation agent such as dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) in an amount of about 1 equivalent based on the amount of the compound of formula (XV), to give the compound of formula (II). The acylation reaction may be conducted in a solvent, e.g., dichloromethane, at room ..temperature for 1 to 12 hours, when a carboxylic acid is used; and when an acyl chloride is used, the reaction may he conducted at 0 to 30 for 1 to 5 hours in the presence of an amine base such as triethylamine. Alternatively, the compound of formula (II) may be prepared by conducting conventional alkylation reactions, e.g., Mitsunobu reaction as described in Eur. J. Med. Chem. Chim. Ther. 2000, 35, 53. Specifically, the compound of formula (XV), an alcohol, triphenyl phosphine and diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) may be dissolved in a solvent, e.g. THF, and stirred at 0 to 30 for 3 to 12 hours, to give the compound of formula (II). In addition, the compound of formula (II) may be prepared by reacting the compound of formula (XV) with an alkyl halide in a solvent, e.g., acetone or N,N-dimethyl formamide at 20 to 100 lor 3 to 12 hours in the presence of a base such as NaH, K2COj and NaOH. Method 2): Useful processes when Y is C].6 alkyl The compound of formula (II) may be prepared by conducting a conventional halogenation reaction comprising , e.g., the steps of (6a) reacting the compound of formula (XV) with a radical halogenating agent such as N-brornosuccinimide (NBS) and N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) in the presence of a radical initiator such as AIBN, to obtain a halogeriated intermediate, and (6b) reacting the resulting intermediate with a suitable alky], aryl or hetcrocydic compound having a substituent selected from the group consisting of OH, Nil,, S Hand CO2M. Reaction (6a) may be conducted in a solvent, e.g., carbon tetrachloride, at 50 to 100 for 0.5 to 3 hours, and reaction (6b) may be conducted in a solvent, e.g., dichloromethane, THF or DMF, at 0 to 70 for ! to 7 hours, using an inorganic base such as K2CO3 or an organic base such as triethylamine in an amount ranging from 1 to 3 equivalents based on the amount of the halogenated intermediate obtained in step (6a). Reaction (6b) can be facilitated by the addition of sodium iodide in an amount ranging from 1 to 3 equivalents based on the amount of the halogenated intermediate. Method 3): Useful processes when Y is halogen The compound of formula (II) may be prepared by conducting conventional palladium-caialy/,ed C-C coupling reactions, e.g., Suzuki reaction, Heck reaction or Stille reaction as described in Reaction Scheme 5, using the compound of formula (XV) as a starting material. Exemplary compounds of formula (I) of the present invention which can be prepared in accordance with the methods described above are listed in Table 1: Fable 1 (Table Remove) Ex-No Structure 'H-NMR (CDCla, 200 MHz) 6 7,53-7,46 (B, SO 7.31-7.24 Cm, 5H) 7.11 (d, / = 8.4 Hz, 1H) 6.85-6.79 Cm, 2H) 4.45 (s, 1H) 4.09-3.91 (m, 2H) 3.76 (s, 3H) 0.92 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) 7.51-7,46 (m, 5H) 7,26-7,07 (m, 4H) 6,86 (d, / = 2.4 Hz, 1H) 6.78-6,75 (m, 2H) 4,45 (s, 1H) 4,09-3.91 (m, 2H) 3.81 (s. 3H) 3,76 (s, 3H) 1.00 (t. ; = 7.2 Hz, 3H) 7,43-7,34 (m, 5H) 7.26 (s, 1H) 7.02 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) 6.79 (dd, J = 2.3 Hz, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) 4.10-4.06 (m, 2H) 3,86 (s, 3H) 2.57 (sept, J » 6,8 Hz, 1H) 1.22 (d, J = 6.8 Hz. 3H) 1,00 (t, J 7,2 Hz, 3H) 0.69 (t, J* 6.8 Hz, 3H) 7.44~6.79(m, 8H), 4.10(q, >7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.88(s, 3H), 1.78(3, 3H), 1.06(t, >7,2 Hz, 3H) 7.35-6.77(111, 13H), 4.13(q, >7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.05(3, 1H), 3.85(s, 3H), 3,48(s, 2H), 1.05(t, >7.2 Hz, 3H) 7,51~6.75(m, 8H), 4,12~4.02(n, 2H), 3.94(s, 2.17~1.08(«, 10H), 1.00(1, 7=7,2 Hz, 3H) , 3.86(s, 3H) 7,63~6,73(m, 18H), 4.47(s, 1H), 4.11(q, >7,2 Hz, 2H), 4,07-3.88(81, 2H), 2.75(t, M.6 Hz, 2H), 2.07~2.00(ra, 2H), 0.93(t, >7.2 Hz, 3H) 7.68~6.75(ra, 13H), 4.43(s, 1H), 4.04~4.00(q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.01-3,93(m, 2H), 3.69(t, M.9 Hz, 4H), 2.73(1, 7=5.1 Hz, 2H), 2.51U, >4.9 Hz, 4H), 0.92(1, >7,2 Hz, 3H); mp 121-12 3t Table 1 (Continued) (Table Remove) Ex-No. Structure 'H-NMR (CDC 13, 200 MHz) 6 7.60-7.06 (m, 13H) 3.95-4.05 (m, 2H) 3.60-3.80 (m, 4H) 3,45 (s, 2H) 2.30-2.43 (m, 4H) 0,92 (t, /= 7.3 Hz, 3H) 8.53-8,49 (m, 1H) 7,59-7,51 (m, 6H) 7.48-7.06 On, 8H) 6.85-6.74 (m, 2H) 4.35-4.27 (m, 2H) 4.00-3.92 (m, 2H) 3.19 (t. J = 6.5 Hz, 2H) 0.92 (t, /« 7.3 Hz. 3H) 7,70-6.90 (m, 18H) 3.95 (t. / = 6.2 Hz, 2H) 2.77 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) 2.10-2.04 (m, 2H) 7.50~6,72(m, 18H), 4,01(t, .7=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.52(s, 3H), 2.750 .7=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.lO-2.04(m, 2H) 7.46~6.73(m, 13H), 3.75(s, 3H) 7.45~6.80(m, 8H), 3.88(s, 3H), 1.78(s, 3H) 7.39~6.78(m, 13H), 3,87(s, 3H), 3.50(s, 2H) 7.45~6.77(m, 18H), 4.05~-3,87(m. 2H), 2.760. >7,4 Hz, 2H) 2.06-2.01(m, 2H) Table 1 (Continued) (Table Remove) Ex-No. Structure 'H-NMR (CDCh, 200 MHz) 6 17 7.53~6.77(m, 8H), 3.86(s, 1H), 2.23~0.88(m, 11H) 7.51-7,41 (m, 5H) 7.17 (d, J * 2.4 Hz, 1H) 7.10 (d, / - 8.4 Hz, 18 1H) 6.83 (dd, 7 • 8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H) 5.48 (s, 1H) 4.22-4.09 (m, 2H) 3.87 (s, 3H) 3.30 (s, 3H) 1.12 (t, 7 = 7.2 Hz, 3H) 19 7,51-7,42 (n, 5H) 7.16 (s, 1H) 7,08 (d, 7 = 8.3 Hz, 1H) 7.82 (dd, J = 8,3, 2.3 Hz, 1H) 5.49 (s, 1H) 4.24-4,07 (m, 2H) 3.86 (s, 3H) 3.64-3.49 (m, 2H) 1.22 (t, 7 = 7,0 Hz, 3H) 1.13 (t, 7 = 7.1 Hz, 3H) 20 7.22-7.06 (m, 6H) 6,92-6.86 (m, 2H) 6.04 (brs, NH2) 4.72 (s, 1H) 4.11-4.03 (m, 2H) 3,84 (s, 3H) 1.05 (t, J* 7.2 Hz, 3H) 7,29-7.04 (m, 11H) 7.04-6.85 (in, 2H) 6.01 (brs, 2H) 4.71 (s, 21 1H) 4.12-3.95 (m, 4H) 2.81 (t, /• 7.2 Hz, 2H) 2.11 (qujnt, 7 = 7.2 Hz, 2H) 1.05 (I, J* 7.2 Hz, 3H) 7,32-7.16 (m, 5H) 7.01 (d, J - 8.3 Hz, 1H) 6.92 (d, 7 = 2.2 Hz, 22 1H) 6.82 (dd, J • 2.2 8.3 Hz, 1H) 6,25 (brs, 2H) 4.54 (s, 1H) 4.10-4.20 (n, 3H) 3.74 (t, 7 = 4,6 Hz, 4H) 2.81 (t, 7* 5.7 Hz, 3H) 2,54 (t, 7 • 4.6 Hz, 4H) 0.70-1.46 (m, 10H) 23 7.34-7,09 (m, 11H) 6.93-6.83 (n, 2H) 4.89 (s, 2H) 3.99 (t, 7 = 6,5 Hz, 2H) 2.82 (t, 7 = 6.5 Hz, H) 2.10 (qujnt, 7 = 6.5 Hz, 2H) 10,47 (brs, 1H) 7,86 (d, J » 2.4 Hz, 1H) 7.24-7.17 (m, 3H) 24 7,04-7,01 (m, 3H) 6.89 (dd, 7= 8,4, 2,4 Hz, 1H) 4.72 (s, 1H) 4.13-4.01 (m, 2H) 3.85 (s, 3H) 2.32 (s, 3H) 1,04 (t, 7 = 7,2 Hz, 3H) Table 1 (Continued) (Table Remove) Ex-No. Structure U-NMR (CDC13, 200 MHz) 6 25 0.52 (brs, 1H) 7.92 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H) 7.21-7,16 («. 3H) ',04-7.00 (m, 3H) 6.88 (dd, J = 8.1, 2.4 Hz, 1H) 4.71 (s, 1H) .11-4.02 (m, 2H) 3.85 (s, 3H) 2.58 (q, J = 15.1, 7.5 Hz, 2H) .34 (t, /= 7.4 Hz, 3H) 1.04 (t, /= 7.1 Hz, 3H) 26 0.45 (brs, 1H) 7.85 (d, J • 2.4 Hz, 1H) 7,31-7.17 (m, 10H) '.02 (d, J » 8,4 Hz, 1H) 6.89 (dd, J = 2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H) 4.71 s, 1H) 4,12-3.99 (m, 4H) 2.82 (t, / = 7.2 Hz, 2H) 2,33 (s, 3H) .11 (qujnt, J= 7.2 Hz, 2H) 1,04 (t, J = 7,2 Hz, 3H) 27 11.62 (s, 1H) 7.88 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H) 7.33-7.26 (m, 5H) 7.15 d, /« 7.4 Hz, 1H) 6,97-6.83 (m, 1H) 5.29 (d, 6.82 / = 6.0 Hz. .H) 4.10-4.20 (m, 3H) 3.68-3.65 (m, 4H) 2.81 (t, J * 5.7 Hz, 2H) 2.54-2.59 (m, 4H) 2.31 (s, 3H) 0,70-1.46 (m, 10H) 28 ,45-7.00 (m, 7H) 6.80 (dd, J = 8,4, 2.4 Hz, 1H) 4,77 (s, 1H) 4.02-3.92 (m, 2H) 3.83 (s, 3H) 3.60 (q, / = 14,4, 7,2 Hz, 4H) 1.20 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H) 0.98 (t, 7 = 7.2 Hz, 3H) 29 7.35 (d, J » 2.1 Hz, 1H) 7.21-7.06 (m, 6H) 6.86 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H) 4.68 (s, 1H) 4.07-3.94 (m, 4H) 3.83 (s, 3H) 1.42 Ct, J " 7.2 Hz, 3H) 1.00 (t, J 30 7.21-7,02 (m, 7H) 6.82 (dd, J = 8,4, 2.4 Hz, 1H) 4.77 (s, 1H) 4.00-3.90 (m, 6H) 3.82 (s, 3H) 3.73-3.65 (m, 2H) 3.57-3,52 (in. 2H) 0.97 (t, J- 7.2 Hz, 3H) 31 8.37 (brs, 1H) 7.44-7.14 (m, 12H) 7.05 (d, J* 8.7 Hz, 1H) 5.00 (d, / = 6.3 Hz, 2H) 4.70 (s, 1H) 4.04-3.98 (m, 2H) 3.64 (s, 3H) 1.00 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) 7.21-7.05 (m. 7H) 7.86 (dd. /• 8.4, 2.1 Hz. 1H) 4.66 (s, 1H 4.07-3.96 (m, 3H) 3.83 (s, 3H) 2.21-2.13 (m, 2H) 1,88-1.83 (m 2H) 1.69-1.26 (m, 6H) 1.00 (t, /• 7.2 Hz. 3H) The above compounds of the present invention are as follows: 1) l-hydroxy-6--methoxy-l,3-diphenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxyIic acid ethyl ester 2) 1 -hydroxy-6-methoxy-1 -(3-methoxy-phenyl)-3-phenyl-1 H-indene-2- carboxylic acid ethyl ester 3) 14iydroxy-l~isopropyl-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-l H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 4) 1-hydroxy-6-methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-l H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 5) I -ben/yl-1 -hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-1 H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 6) 1-cyclohexyl l-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-l H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 7) 1 -hydroxy-1,3-diphenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-1 H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 8) 1 -hydroxy-6-(2-morpholine-4~yl-ethoxy)-1,3-diphenyl-1 H-indene-2- carboxylic acid ethyl ester 9) 1 -hydroxy-6~morpholine-4-yl-methyl-1,3-diphenyl-1 H-indene-2- carboxylic acid ethyl ester 10) 1 -hydroxy-1,3-diphenyl-6~(2-pyridine-2-yl-ethoxy)-1 H-indene-2- carboxylic acid ethyl ester 11)1 -hydroxy-1,3-diphenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-1 H-indene-2-carbonitrile 12) 1-hydroxy-l,3-diphenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester 13) 1 -hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,3-diphenyl-1 H-indene-2-carboxylic acid 14)1 -hydroxy-6-methoxy-1 -methyI-3-phenyl-1 H-indene-2-carboxylic acid 15) I -ben/yI- i-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid 16) 1 -hydroxy-1,3-diphenyl-6~(3-phenyl-propoxy)-1 H-indene-carboxylic acid 17) 1-cyclohexyl-l-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-l H-indene-2-carboxylic acid 18) l,6-dimethoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 19) l-ethoxy-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-l H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 20) l-amino-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-l H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 21) I -amino-3~phenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-l H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 22) 1 -amino~6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-3-phenyl-1 H-indene-2- carboxylic acid cyclohexyl amide 23) l-amino-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-lH-indene-2-carbonitrile 24) l-acetylamino-6-methoxy-3-phenyI-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 25) 6-methoxy-3-phenyl-l-propionylamino-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 26) l-acetylamino-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenyI-propoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 27) 1 -acetylamino-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-3-phenyl-1 H-indene-2- carboxylic acid cyclohexy! amide 28) l-diethylamino-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 29) i-ethy!amino-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 30) 6-methoxy-l-morpholin-4-yl-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 31) 1-benzyl amino-6-inethoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 32) 1-cyclohexyl amino-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester The inventive indene derivative of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is capable of selectively modulating activities of PPARs, and thus it causes no adverse side effects such as weight gain, cardiac hypertrophy, edema and liver damage. The present invention also includes within its scope a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the novel compounds of formula (1), as defined above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The inventive pharmaceutical composition is useful for the treatment and prevention of disorders modulated by PPARs, i.e., metabolic syndromes such as diabetes, obesity, arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinism and hypertension; inflammatory deseases such as osteoporosis, liver cirrhosis and asthma; and cancer. The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be formulated for administration orally or parenteraliy, including intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, rectal and topical routes of administration. The composition for oral administration may take various forms such as tablets, soft and hard gelatin capsules, aqueous solutions, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, granules and elixirs, which may contain conventional additives such as a diluent (e.g., lactose, dextrose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, cellulose and glycine), a lubricant {e.g., silica, talc, stearic acid or its magnesium and calcium salts and polyethylene glycol). In the case of the tablet form, the composition may further comprise a binder (e.g., magnesium aluminum silicate, starch paste, gelatin, tragacanth, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl pyrrolidone) and optionally a disintegrant (e.g., starch, agar and alginic acid or its sodium salt), absorbent, colorant, flavor, sweetener and the like. The composition may be sterilized and/or contain an adjuvant such as a preservative, stabilizer, wetting agent, emulsifier, a salt for controlling an osmotic pressure and/or a buffer V solution, and other pharmaceutically effective materials. The inventive compounds may be administered as an active ingredient in an effective amount ranging from about 0.1 to 500 mg/kg, preferably from about 0.5 to 100 mg/kg per day in a single dose or in divided doses. The following Preparations and Examples are given for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Preparation Lixample 1: Preparation of 6-methoxy-3-phenyl-l H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester Step 1) Preparation of 2-(3-methoxy-benzyl)-3-oxo-3-phenyl-propionic acid ethyl ester Hthylbenzoyl acetate (7g, 36.42mmol), potassium carbonate (15.Ig, 109.26 mmol) and sodium iodide (6.55g, 43.70mmol) were dissolved in N,N-dimethyl formamide and the mixture was stirred at room temperature. 3-Methoxybenzyl chloride (6.274g, 40.06rnmol) was added thereto followed by stirring for Ihr at room temperature. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain I0.69g of the titled compound. 'H-NMR (200MHz, CDC13) 8 7.96(dd, J=6.8Hz, J=7.2Hz, 2H), 7.56(m, 1H) 7.24(d,J 10.6Hz, 111). 6.84 6.69(m, 3H), 4.63(t, J-7.3Hz, 1H), 4.16 4.06(m, 2H), 3.76(s, 311), 3.31(d, J 6.8Hz, 2H), 1.13(t, J=7.1Hz, 3H) Step 2) Preparation of 6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester The compound (10.69g, 34.26mmol) obtained in Step 1 was mixed with lOOg of poly phosphoric acid, and stirred for Ihr at 30~45°C. The resulting dark mud-color solution was washed with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 4.064g of the titled compound (yield: 40%) as a white solid. 'H-NMR (200MHz, CDC13) 6 7.46 7.40(m, 5H), 7.20(q, J = 10.8Hz, 2H), 6.87(dd, 8.6Hz, J 2.3Mz. 1H), 4.13(q, J 7.2Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.82 (s, 2H), 1.14(t, 7.IHz, 3H) Preparation Example 2: Preparation of 6-hydroxy-1 -oxo-3-phenyl-1 H-indene-2-rearboxylic acid ethyl ester Step 1) Preparation of 2-(3-hydroxy~ben/yl)-3-oxo-3-phenyl-propionic acid ethyl ester Hthylben/oyl acetate (27.6g, 161.28mmol), potassium carbonate (44.58g, 322.56mmol) and sodium iodide (29g, 193.53mmol) were dissolved in N,N-dimethyl formamide and the mixture was stirred for 1 hr at room temperature. 3-Chloromethylphenol (27.6g, 193.538mmol) was added thereto followed by stirring for 5hrs at room temperature. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 46.51 mg of the titled compound (yield: 96%). 'lI-NMR (2()OMIlz, CDC13) 5 7.99 7.94(m, 2H), 7.60 7.40(m, 3H) 7.23(m, 1H), 6.79 6.67(m, 311), 4.65(m 1H), 4.20 4.05(m, 2H), 3.28(d, J=7.4Hz, 2H), 1.17 1.08(m, 3H) Step 2) Preparation of 6-hydroxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester The compound (lOg, 33.51mmol) obtained in Step 1 was mixed with poly phosphoric acid (10()g), and stirred for 2hrs at room temperature. The resulting bright yellow solution was washed with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure to obtain a residue. Such a procedure was repeated seven times and residues obtained therefrom were combined and purified by Hash chromatography to obtain 29.7g of the titled compound as a light yellow solid. 'li-NMR (200MHz, CDC13) 5 7.45 7.39(m, 5H), 7.26(d, J=0.8Hz, 1H), 7.02(t, J=0.9Hz, 111), 6.77(dd, J-8.2H/, J 2.4Hz, 1H), 5.30(s, 1H), 4.13(q, J=7.2Hz, 2H), 3.81(s, 1H), 1.13(1, J 7.Ill/, 3H) Step 3) Preparation of 6-hydroxy-1-oxo-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester The compound (16.00g, 57.07mmol) obtained in Step 2 was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane. Selenium dioxide (63.33g, 570.07mmol) was added thereto and refluxed for lOhrs, followed by cooling. The resulting mixture was washed with 1M sodium bicarbonate, and successively extracted with diethyl ether. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 10.198g of the titled compound (yield: 61%) as a red solid. 'H-NMR (200MHz, CDC13) 6 7.44 7.38 (m, 5H), 7.12 (d, J =8.4Hz, 1H), 7.02 (d, J 2.0H/, 1H), 6.76 (dd, J 8.4, 2.0Hz, 1H), 4.12 (q, J =7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 1.12 (t, J 7.111/. 3H) Hxample 1) Preparation of l-hydroxy-6-methoxy-l,3-diphenyl-lH-indene-2- carboxylic acid ethyl ester Step 1) Preparation of 6-methoxy-l-oxo-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 6-Methoxy-3-phenyMH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (Ig, 3.39 mmol) prepared in Preparation Hxample 1 was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane and selenium dioxide (5.65g, 50.96mmol) was added thereto. The mixture was refluxed for 24hrs, cooled, washed with 1M sodium bicarbonate, and extracted with diethyl ether. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 756mg of the titled compound (yield: 72%) as a red solid. 'H-NMR (200Mllz, CDC13) 6 7.5l(s, 5H), 7.19(d, J=2.4Hz, 1H), 7.08(d, J=8.2Hz, 1H), 6.83(dd, J 8.0H/J 2.2Hz, 1H), 4.18(q, J=7.1Hz, 2H), 3.86(s, 3H), 1.15(t, J=7.1Hz, 3H) Step 2) Preparation of l-hydroxy-6-methoxy-l,3-diphenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester The compound (300mg, 0.97mmol) obtained in Step 1 was dissolved in THF and 1.5 equivalents of phenylmagnesium chloride were added thereto, followed by stirring for Ihr at ()°C. Then, the resulting mixture was washed with saturated saline, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 285mg of the titled compound (yield: 76 %). Hxample 2) Preparation of l~hydroxy-6-methoxy-l-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 6-Methoxy-l-oxo--3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (lOOmg, 0.325mmol) obtained in Hxample 1 was dissolved in THF and 1.5 equivalents of 3-methoxyphenylmagnesium bromide were added thereto, followed by stirring for Ihr at 0°C. Then, the reaction mixture was washed with saturated saline and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 122mg of the titled compound (yield: 90.4 %). Example 3) Preparation of l-hydroxy-isopropyl-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 6-Methoxy-l-oxo~3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (300mg, 0.974mmol) obtained in Hxample 1 was dissolved in THF and 1.5 equivalents of isopropylmagnesium chloride were added thereto, followed by stirring for Ihr at 0°C. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated saline and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, and concentrated under a reduced pressure. Then, the resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 155mg of the titled compound (yield: 45.2 %). Hxample 4) Preparation of l-hydroxy-6-methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 6-Methoxy-l-oxo-3-phenyl~lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (300mg, 0.974mmol) obtained in Hxample 1 was dissolved in THF and 1.2 equivalents of methylmagnesium chloride were added thereto, followed by stirring for 3hrs at 0°C. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated saline and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgS()4, and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 126mg of the titled compound (yield: 38 %). Hxample 5) Preparation of 1 -benzyl- l-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 6-Methoxy-l-oxo-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (300mg, 0.974mmol) obtained in Hxample 1 was dissolved in THF and 1.2 equivalents of ben/ylmagnesium chloride were added thereto, followed by stirring for 3hrs at 0°C. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated saline and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 50mg of the titled compound (yield: 13 %). Hxample 6) Preparation of l-cyclohexyM-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 6~Methoxy-l-oxo~3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (78mg, 0.253mmol) obtained in Hxample I was dissolved in THF, and 18%-cyclohexylmagnesium chloride (0.7mH, 0.5()6mmol) was added thereto, followed by stirring for 5hrs at 0°C. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated saline and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 30mg of the titled compound (yield: 30 %). Hxample 7) Preparation of l-hydroxy-l,3-diphenyi-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)~lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester Step 1) Preparation of l-oxo-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenylpropoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 6-Hydroxy-l-oxo-3~phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (2g, 6.79mmol) prepared in Preparation Example 2, potassium carbonate (1.40g, 10.19mmol) and sodium iodide (0.2g, 1.39mmol) were dissolved in N,N-dimethyl formamide, and l-bromo-3-phenyl propane (2.066ml, 13.592mmol) was added thereto, followed by stirring for 8hrs at room temperature. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, and concentrated under a reduced pressure. Then, the resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 2.37g of the titled compound (yield: 85 %) as a dark red solid. 'H-NMR (200MHz, CDC13) 6 7.56(d, J 9Hz, 5H), 7.36 7.2 l(m, 6H), 7.09(d, J-8.2Hz, 111), 6.83(dd, J---8.0H/, J 2.4Hz, 1H), 4.26 4.16(m, 2H), 4.03(t, J-6.3Hz, 2H), 2.98 2.80(m, 211), 2.22 2.07(m,2H), 1.63 1.15(m,3H) Step 2) Preparation of l-hydroxy-l,3-diphenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester l-()xo-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (350mg, 0.85mmol) obtained in Step 1 was dissolved in THF, and phenylmagnesium chloride (0(064mL, ().93mmol) was added thereto, followed by stirring for Ihr at 0°C. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated saline and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgS04, and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 475mg of the titled compound (yield: 100 %). Hxample 8) Preparation of l-hydroxy-6-(2-morpholine-4-yl-ethoxy)-l,3-diphenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester Step 1) Preparation of 6-(2-morpholine-4-ylethoxy)-l-oxo-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 6-Hydroxy-l-oxo-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (2g, 6.79mmol) ^prepared in Preparation Example 2 was dissolved in THF/benzene (270mL/90mL) solution, m and 2-hydroxyethylmorpholine (5.83g, 44.45mmol) and triphenylphosphine (11.66g, 44.45mmol) were added thereto and kept at 0°C. Diisopropyl azodicarboxilate (8.99g, 44.45mmol) was added dropwise to the mixture, followed by stirring for 2hrs at room temperature. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated saline and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 14g of the titled compound (yield: 93 %) as a red solid. 'H-NMR (200MHz, CDC13) 5 7.45(s, 5H), 7.18(d, J-2Hz, 1H), 7.07(d, J=7.8Hz, 1H), 6.84(m, 111), 4.14 4.12(m, 4H), 2.80(1, J=5.6Hz, 2H), 2.78 2.57(m, 4H), 1.14(t, J-7.1Hz, 311) Step 2) Preparation of l-hydroxy-6-(2-morpholine-4-yl-ethoxy)-l,3-diphenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 6-(2-Morpholine-4-ylethoxy)-l-oxo-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (1.5g, 3.68mmol) obtained in Step 1 was dissolved in THF, and phenylrnagnesium chloride (3.865mL, 5.89mmol) was added thereto, followed by stirring for 2hrs at 0°C. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated saline and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 788mg of the titled compound (yield: 44 %). Hxample 9) Preparation of l-hydroxy-6-morpholine-4-ylmethyl-l,3-diphenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester Step 1) Preparation of 3-oxo-3-m-tolylpropionic acid-ethyl ester Sodium hydride (3.1g, 77.1mmol) and diethylcarbonate were added to 3-methyl acetophenone (4.5g, 33.54mmol). 'fhe reaction mixture was stirred for 2hrs with heating at 8()°C. Once the reaction was completed, ice water and acetic acid were added thereto. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated saline and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 5.8g of the tilled compound (yield: 84 %). 'H-NMR (200MHz, CDC13) 8 7.83 7.63 (m, 2H) 7.42 7.28 (m, 2H) 4.27 4.18 (m,2H) -3.97 (s, 211) 2.40 (s, 311) 1.36 1.23 (m, 3H) Step 2) Preparation of 2-(3-methylbenzoyl)-3-phenyl acrylic acid ethyl ester 3~Oxo-3-m-tolylpropionic acid-ethyl ester (Ig, 4.84rnmol) obtained in Step 1 was dissolved in benzene, and benzaldehyde, acetic acid (0.15g, 2.49mmol) and piperidine (0.06g, 0.8mmol) were added thereto, followed by refluxing for 4hrs. Upon the completion of the reaction, the mixture was washed successively with saturated saline and saturated sodium bicarbonate, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain Ig of the titled compound (yield: 70 %). 'H-NMR (200MHz, CDC13) 6 7.98 (s, 1H) 7.86 7.73 (m, 2H) 7.35 7.21 (m, 7H) 4.26 4.l9(m, 2H) 2.39 (s,3H) 1.20 1.16(m, 3H) Step 3) Preparation of 5-methyl-3-oxo-l-phenylindene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 2-(3-Methylbenzoyl)-3-phenyl acrylic acid ethyl ester (Ig, 3.39mmol) obtained in Step 2 was dissolved in dichloromethane, and methanesulfonic acid (5.22g, 54.35mmol) was added thereto, followed by stirring for 3hrs at RT. Once the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to ()°C, neutralized with sodium bicarbonate, and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 273mg of the titled compound (yield: 27%). 'H-NMR (200MHz, CDC13) S 7.73 7.61 (m, 1H) 7.48 7.04 (m, 7H) 4.98 4.94 (m, 1H) 4.29 4.22 (m, 2H) 3.67 3.60 (m, 1H) 2.41 (s, 3H) 1.33 1.13(m,3H) Step 4) Preparation of 6-methyl-l-oxo-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester Phenylselenyl chloride (72mg, 0.37mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane and cooled to 0°C, and pyridine (32mg, 1.2mmol) was added thereto. The mixture was stirred for about 20 minutes. To the mixture, 5-methyl-3-oxo-l-phenylindene-2-carboxyl acid ethyl ester (lOOmg, 0.34mmol) obtained in Step 3 dissolved in methane was added, followed by stirring for 2hrs at RT. Once the reaction was completed, 10% hydrochloric acid (5mL) was added thereto and cooled to 0°C, and 30% peroxide (ImL) and water (5mL) were added thereto. The resulting mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 5 ling of the titled compound (yield: 51%). 'H-NMR (200MH/, CDC13) 5 7.51 7.04(m, 8H) 4.24 4.12(rn, 2H) 2.39(s, 3H) ,1.25 1.12(m, 3H) Step 5) Preparation of 6-bromomethyl-l-oxo-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 6-Methyl-l-oxo~3~phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (3g, 10.3 mmol) obtained in Step 4 was dissolved in carbon tetrachloride, and N-bromosuccinimide (2g, 11.4mmol) and 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (SOOmg, 3.09 mmol) were added thereto. The mixture was refluxed for 3hrs under the irradiation of a 375W tungsten lamp. Upon the completion of the reaction, the resulting mixture was washed with saturated saline and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 1.4g of the titled compound (yield: 36.7%) in oil state. 'H-NMR (200MHz, CDC13) 6 7.79 7.16 (m, 8H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 4.26 (q, J 7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.16(t, J 7.1 Hz, 3H) Step 6) Preparation of 6-inorpholine-4-ylmethyl-l-oxo-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 6-Bromornethyl-l~oxo-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (l.lg, 2.96mmol) obtained in Step 5 was dissolved in N,N-dimethyl formamide. Pyridine (264jal, 3.26mmol) and morpholine (284ul, 3.26mmol) were added thereto, followed by stirring for 2hrs. Upon the completion of the reaction, the resulting mixture was washed successively with saturated ammonium chloride and saline and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain I80mg of the titled compound (yield: 16.1 %) in red oil state. 'H-NMR (200MHz, CDC13) 8 7.61 7.11 (m, 8H), 4.19 (q, J 7.1Hz, 2H), 3.70 (t, J 4.8Hz,4H), 3.51 (s,2H), 2.44 (t,J 4.8Hz, 4H), 1.15 (t, J 7.1 Hz, 3H) Step 7) Preparation of l-hydroxy-6-morpholine-4-ylmethyl-l,3-diphenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylie acid ethyl ester 6-Morpholine~4-yl-methyl-l-oxo-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (3()mg, O.OHmmol) obtained in Step 6 was dissolved in THF, and phenylmagnesium chloride (0.12mL, 0.24mmol) was added thereto, followed by stirring for 2hrs at 0°C. Upon the jompletion of the reaction, the mixture was washed with saturated saline and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSC>4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain lOmg of the titled compound (yield: 27%). Example 10) Preparation of l-hydroxy-l,3-diphenyl-6-(2-pyridine-2-yl-ethoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 6-Hydroxy-l-oxo-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (300mg, 1.019mmol) obtained in Preparation Example 2 was dissolved in THF/benzene (30mL/10mL). 2-Pyridine ethanol (308mg, 2.039mmol) and triphenyl phosphine (534mg, 2.039mmol) were added thereto, and cooled to 0°C. Subsequently, diisopropyl azodicarboxilate (412mg, 2.039mmol) was slowly dropped thereto and stirred for Ihr at RT. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated saline and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgS()4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 388g of 6-[2-(pyridine-2-yl)-ethoxy]-l-oxo-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (yield: 89%) as a red solid. Then, l-oxo~3-phenyl-6-(2-pyridine-2-yl-ethoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (60mg, O.lSmmol) thus obtained was dissolved in THF and phenylmagnesium chloride (O.lSrnL, 0.3mmol) was added thereto. The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes at RT, washed with sodium chloride solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgS04 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 44mg of the titled compound (yield: 61%) Example 11) Preparation of l-hydroxy-l,3-diphenyl-6-(3-phenylpropoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester Step 1) Preparation of 3-phenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-indene-l-one 3-Phenyl-l-[3-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-phenyl]-propenone (20g, 58.406mmol) and polyphosphoric acid (200g) were mixed and stirred for 6hrs at 45°C. The reaction mixture was washed with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexane:= 1:5) to obtain 17.9g of the titled compound (yield: 81%) as a white solid. 'H-NMR (200MHz, CDC13) 5 7.36 7.09 (m, 13H), 4.52 (dd, J 7.8, 3.6Hz, 1H), 4.01 (t, J 6.3Hz, 211), 3.25 (dd, J 19.3, 7.7Hz, 1H), 2.81 (t, J =7.1Hz, 2H), 2.68 (dd, J -19.3, 3.6Hz, IH),2.14(m, 2H) Step 2) Preparation of 2-bromo-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-indene-l-one 3-Phenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-indene-l-one (200mg, 0.586mmol) obtained in Step 1 was dissolved in carbon tetrachloride, and N-bromosuccinimide (313mg, 1.75mmol) and 2,2'-a/.obisisobutyronitrile (9.7mg) were added thereto. The mixture was refluxed for Ihr under the irradiation of a 375W tungsten lamp. Upon the completion of the reaction, the mixture was washed with saturated saline and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgS04 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography (ethyl acetate:hexanerrl:5) to obtain 147mg of the titled compound (yield: 60%) as a red solid. 'H-NMR (200MHz, CDC13) 8 7.69 7.16 (m, 11H), 7.02 (d, J -8.2Hz, 1H), 6.74 (dd, J 8.2, 2.3H/, 1H), 3.97 (t, J -6.4Hz, 2H), 2.81 (t, J =6.3Hz, 2H), 2.11 (m, 2H) Step 3) Preparation of l-oxo-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-lH~indene-2-carbonitrile 2-Bromo-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-indene-l-one (l.Og, 2.3rnmol) obtained in Step 2 was dissolved in N,N-dimetbyl formamide (lOmL), copper(I) cyanide (617mg, 6.9mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 3hrs at 150°C, followed by cooling. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO* and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography (ethyl acetate: hexane; 1:3) to obtain 700mg of the titled compound (yield: 8U%) as a red solid. 'H-NMR aOOMH/, CDC13) 8 7.83 7.18 (m, 12H), 6.89(dd, J -8.2, J =2.3Hz, 1H), 4.02(t, J 6.5H/, 211), 2.81(t..l 6.3Hx, 2H), 2.13(m, 2H) Step 4) Preparation of i-hydroxy-l,3-diphenyl-6-(3-phenylpropoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 1 -Oxo-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-1 H-indene-2-carbonitrile (1 OOmg, 0.274mmol) obtained in Step 3 was dissolved in THF under a N2 gas atmosphere, and phenylmagnesium chloride (2M sol, 0.131uL) was added thereto, followed by stirring for 2hrs at 0°C. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. Then, the resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 80.7mg of the titled compound (yield: 66%) as a pink solid. '11 -MR (200MHz, CDC13) 6 7.70 6.90 (m, 18H), 3.95 (t, J=6.2Hz, 2H), 2.77 (t, J=7.4Hz, 211), 2.10 2.04 (m, 211) Hxample 12) Preparation of l-hydroxy-l,3-diphenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester Step 1) Preparation of l-oxo-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester l-()xo-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenylpropoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (2g, 4.85mmol) obtained in Hxample 7 was dissolved in methanol, p-toluenesulfonic acid (92mg, 0.49mmol) was added thereto, and refluxed for 24hrs. The resulting mixture was washed with sodium bicarbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSC>4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. Then, the resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 1.2g of the titled compound (yield: 62%). 'll-NMR (200MHz, CDC13) 8 7.51 6.78 (m, 13H), 4.01 (t, J 6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 2.81 (t, J 7.2, 2H), 2.11 (m, 2H) Step 2) Preparation of l-hydroxy-l,3-diphenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester l-Oxo-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenylpropoxy)-l H-indene-2-carbonitrile (350mg, 0.878mmol) obtained in Step 1 was dissolved in THF, and phenylmagnesium chloride (0.483mL, 0,966mmol) was added thereto, followed by stirring for 3hrs at 0°C. Upon the completion of the reaction, the mixture was washed with saturated saline and extracted with ethyl acetate. 1 he organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 378mg of the titled compound (yield: 90%). Example 13) Preparation of l-hydroxy-6-methoxy-l,3-diphenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid l-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-l,3-diphenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (HOmg, 0.285mmol) prepared in Example 1 was dissolved in THF, and an excess amount of sodium hydroxide dissolved in aqueous ethanol was added thereto in such a way not to cause layer separation. The mixture was stirred for 24hrs at RT, and the pH was adjusted to 3~4 using 2N hydrochloric acid. The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure, to obtain 99mg of the titled compound (yield: 97%). Hxample 14) Preparation of l-hydroxy-6-methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid l-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-l-methyl-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (lOUmg, 0.309mmol) prepared in Example 4 was dissolved in THF, and an excess amount of sodium hydroxide dissolved in aqueous ethanol was added thereto in such a way not to cause layer separation. The mixture was stirred for 24hrs at RT, and the pH was adjusted to 3~4 using 2N hydrochloric acid. The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSC>4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure, to obtain 63mg of the titled compound (yield: 69%). Example 15) Preparation of 1-benzyl-l-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid l-Ben/yl~l-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (35mg, ().()87mmol) prepared in Example 5 was dissolved in THF, and an excess amount of sodium hydroxide dissolved in aqueous ethanol was added thereto in such a way not to cause layer separation. The mixture was stirred for 24hrs at RT, and the pH was adjusted to 3~4 using 2N hydrochloric acid. The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSC>4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure, to obtain 35mg of the titled compound (yield: 100%). Example 16) Preparation of l-hydroxy-l,3-diphenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid l-Hydroxy-l,3-diphenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (200mg, 0.408mmol) prepared in Example 7 was dissolved in THF, and an excess amount of sodium hydroxide dissolved in aqueous ethanol was added thereto in such a way not to cause layer separation. The mixture was stirred for 5hrs at RT, and the pH was adjusted to 3-4 using 2N hydrochloric acid. The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgS04 and concentrated under a reduced pressure, to obtain 85mg of the titled compound (yield: 45%). Hxample 17) Preparation of l~cyclohexyl-l-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid l-Cyclohexyl-l-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (20mg, O.OSImmol) prepared in Example 6 was dissolved in THF, and an excess amount of sodium hydroxide dissolved in aqueous ethanol was added thereto in such a way not to cause layer separation. The mixture was stirred for 24hrs at RT, and the pH was adjusted to 3~4 using 2N hydrochloric acid. The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure, to obtain 15mg of the titled compound (yield: 80%). Example 18) Preparation of l,6-dimethoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester Step 1) Preparation of l-bromo-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 6-Methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (1.5g, 5.10mmol) prepared in Preparation Example 1 was dissolved in dichloromethane (80mL), and N-bromosuccinimide (1.09g, 6.12mmol) and 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (O.OSmg, O.Slmmol) were added thereto. The mixture was stirred for 2 hrs at RT under the irradiation of a 375W tungsten lamp. Upon the completion of the reaction, the mixture was washed with saturated saline and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography (ethyl aeetate/n-hexane= 1/20 -> 1/9) to obtain 1.4g of the titled compound (yield: 74%) as a yellow solid. 'H-NMR OOOMHZ, coci3) 6 7.45-7.42 (m, 5H) 7.21 (d, j - 2.4 HZ, IH) 7.13 (d, j = 8.4 11/. Ill) 6.86 (dd, J 8.4, 2.4 Hz, IH) 5.85 (s, IH) 4.25-4.10 (m, 2H) 3.88 (s, 3H) 1.15 (t, J =-- 7.2 11/. 3H) Step 2) Preparation of l,6-dimethoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester l-Bromo-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (60mg, O.lSmmol) obtained in Step 1 was dissolved in methanol (lOmL), silver nitrate (37.20mg, 0.22mmol) was added thereto, stirred for 3hrs at RT, and filtered. The organic layer was separated, and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by (lash chromatography to obtain 14mg of the titled compound (yield: 24%). Hxample 19) Preparation of l-emoxy-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester l-Bromo-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (30mg, 0.09mmol) obtained in Hxample 18 was dissolved in ethanol (3mL), silver nitrate (15.50mg, ().()9mmol) was added thereto, stirred for 3.5hrs at RT, and filtered. The organic layer was separated, and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by Hash chromatography to obtain 16mg of the titled compound (yield: 52%). Hxample 20) Preparation of l-amino-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester Step 1) Preparation of l-hydroxyimino-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 6-Methoxy-l-oxo-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (1.6g, 5.19mmol) obtained in Hxample 1 was dissolved in ethanol (lOOrnH), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (l.OSg, 15.57mmol) and pyridine (1.64g, 1.68mL, 20.76mmol) were added thereto, refluxed for Ihr, and cooled to RT. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 1.34g of the titled compound (yield: 80%). 'll-NMR (300MH/, CDC13) 8 11.41 (brs, 1H) 8.10 (d, J 2.4 Hz, 111) 7.47-7.42 (m, 5H) 7.12 (d, J 8.4 Hz, 111) 6.88 (dd, J 8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H) 4.17 (q, J 14.4, 7.2 Hz, 2H) 3.89 (s, 311) 1.06 (U 7.2 H/., 3H) Step 2) Preparation of l-amino-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester l-liydroxyimino-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (l.OOg, 3.09mmol) obtained in Step 1 was dissolved in methanol (lOOmL), and 10%-palladium (583mg) was added thereto. The mixture was stirred for 15hrs at RT while providing H2 gas thereto using a balloon, filtered through celite, and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 786mg of the titled compound (yield: 82%). hxample 21) Preparation of l-amino-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester Step 1) Preparation of l-hydroxyimino-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenylpropoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester l-Oxo~3-phenyl~6~(3-phenyl-propoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (1.5g, 3.64mmol) obtained in Hxample 7 was dissolved in ethanol (lOOmL), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (759mg, 10.92mmol) and pyridine (1.15g, 15.56 mmol) were added thereto, reiluxed for Ihr, and cooled to RT. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by Hash chromatography to obtain 0.9 Ig of the titled compound (yield: 58%). 'H-NMR (300MHz, CDClj) 6 11.3 (brs, 1H) 8.10 (d, J 2.4 Hz, 1H) 7.47-7.42 (m, 1011) 7.12 (d, J 8.4 Hz, 111) 6.88 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H) 4.17 (q, J - 7.2 Hz, 2H) 4.04 (t, J -6.8 Hz, 211) 2.83 (t, J 6.8 Hz, 2H) 2.11 (quint, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) 1.06 (t, J 7.2 Hz, 3H) Step 2) Preparation of l-amino-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester l-Hydro,\yimino-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenylpropoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (0.5g, 1.17mmol) obtained in Step 1 was dissolved in methanol (30mL) and 10%-palladium (400mg) was added thereto. The mixture was stirred for 15hrs at RT while providing H? gas thereto using a balloon, filtered through celite, and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 377mg of the titled compound (yield: 78%). Hxample 22) Preparation of l-amino-6-(2-morpholine-4-yl-ethoxy)-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid cyclohexylamide Step 1) Preparation of 6-hydroxy-l-oxo-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2~carboxylic acid methyl ester 6-Hydroxy-l-oxo-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (500mg, 1.70 mmol) prepared in Preparation Hxample 2 was dissolved in methanol (30mL), p-toluenesulfonic acid (65mg, ().34mmol) was added thereto, refluxed for 24hrs, and the solvent was removed therefrom by evaporation. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 47()mg of the titled compound (yield: 98.6%) as a red solid. 'll-NMR (300MHz, CDC1.3) 5 7.75 6.8l(m, 8H), 3.73(s, 3H) Step 2) Preparation of 6-hydroxy-l-oxo-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid 6-Hydroxy-l-oxo-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (2.6g, 9.28mmol) obtained in Step 1 was dissolved in dichloroethane, and boron tribromide methyl sulfide (6.0ml., 27.84mmol) was added thereto. The mixture was refluxed for 2hrs at 90°C, cooled in an ice bath, neutralized using sodium bicarbonate, and adjusted to pH 2 using 6N hydrochloric acid. The resulting mixture was washed successively with dichloromethane and water. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSC>4, concentrated under a reduced pressure and recrystalli/.ed to obtain 1.2g of the titled compound (yield: 48.6%). 'll-NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 8 7.79 6.84(m, 8H) Step 3) Preparation of 6-hydroxy-l-oxo-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid cyclohexylamide 6-Hydroxy-l-oxo~3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid (lOOmg, 0.38mmol) obtained in Step 2 was dissolved in dichloromethane, and triethylamine (175|ul, 1.25mmol) and cyclohexylamine (43j.il, 0.38mmol) were added thereto at 10°C. Then, bis(2-oxo-3-oxa/oline)phosphoryl chloride (lOOmg, 0.38mmol) was further added thereto, stirred for 10-20 minutes at RT, and then stirred for additional Ihr in a water bath. After water was added to complete the reaction, the mixture was washed with sodium bicarbonate and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 26mg of the titled compound (yield: 20.0%) as a red solid. 'H-NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 6 7.68 6.80 (m, 8H), 3.87 (m, 1H), 1.80 1.34 (m, 10H) Step 4) Preparation of 6-(2-morpholine-4-ylethoxy)-l-oxo-3-pheny-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid cyclohexylamide 6-Hydroxy-l-oxo-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid cyclohexylamide (Hlmg, 0.41mmol) obtained in Step 3 was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran/benzene (3mL/2niL), and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine (99ul, 0.82mmol) and triphenylphosphine (215mg, 0.82mmol) were added thereto. Then, diisopropyl azodicarboxilate (149(11, 0.82mmol) was added slowly thereto at 0°C, and stirred for 2hrs at RT. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated saline and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 165mg of the titled compound (yield: 88.3%). 'M-NMR (200MHz, CDC13) 8 7.92 6.85 (m, 8H), 4.16 (t, J 5.4Hz, 2H), 3.86(m, 1H), 3.73 (t,J 4.811/, 4H), 2.82 (t, J=5.4Hz, 2H) 2.57 (t, J=4.8Hz, 4H), 1.81 1.34(m, 10H) Step 5) Preparation of l-amino-6-(2-morpholine-4-yl-ethoxy)-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid cyclohexylamide 6-(2-Morpholine-4-ylethoxy)-l-oxo-3-pheny-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid cyclohexylamide (130mg, 0.28%) obtained in Step 4 was dissolved in ethanol (20 mL), and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (60mg, 0.85mmol) and pyridine (892mg, 1.13mmol) were added thereto. The mixture was refluxed for Ihr, and cooled to RT, and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 86mg of l-hydroxyimino-6-(2-morpholine-4-yl-ethoxy)-3-pheny-lH-indene-2-carboxylie acid cyclohexylamide (yield: 64%). Subsequently, 1 -hydroxyimino-6-(2-morpholine-4-yl-ethoxy)-3-pheny-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid cyclohexylamide (80mg, 0.17mmol) thus obtained was dissolved in methanol (20mL) and 10%-palladium (lOOmg) was added thereto. The mixture was stirred for 15hrs at RT while providing H2 gas thereto using a balloon, filtered through celite, and concentrated under a reduced pressure. Then, the resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 14mg of the titled compound (yield: 18%). Hxample 23) Preparation of l-amino-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-lH-indene-2-carbonitrile 1 -Oxo-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-1 H-indene-2-carbonitrile (293mg, 0.80mmol) obtained in Hxample 11 was dissolved in ethanol (20mL), and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (167mg, 2.41mmol) and pyridine (254mg, 3.21 mmol) were added thereto, refluxed for 3hrs, and cooled to RT. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 230mg of l-hydroxyimino-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-lH-indene-2-carbonitrile (yield: 75%). Subsequently, l-hydroxyimino-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-lH-indene-2-carbonitrile (230mg, 0.60mmol) thus obtained was dissolved in methanol (20mL), and 10%-palladium (230mg) was added thereto. The mixture was stirred for 15hrs at RT while providing H2 gas thereto using a balloon, filtered through celite, and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 90mg of the titled compound (yield: 41%). Hxample 24) Preparation of l-acetylamino-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester l-Amino-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (60mg, 0.19mmol) prepared in Example 20 was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 mL), and acetyl chloride (76.15mg, 70.0 uJ, 0.97mmol) and triethylamine (130.00mg, O.lSrnL, 128mmol) were added thereto in order at 0°C. The mixture was stirred for Ihr at RT, washed with saturated saline and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 48mg of the titled compound (yield: 71%). Hxample 25) Preparation of 6-methoxy-3-phenyl-l-propionylamino-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester l-Amino-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (50mg, 0.16mmol) prepared in hxample 20 was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 mL), and propionyl chloride (150.38mg, 0.14mL, 1.62mmol) and triethylamine (180.12mg, ().25mL, 1.78mmol) were added thereto in order at 0°C. The mixture was stirred for 24hrs at RT, and an excess amount of propionyl chloride (2mL) was further added thereto to be stirred for 15hrs. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated saline and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 29mg of the titled compound (yield: 50%). Hxample 26) Preparation of l-acetylamino-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenyI-propoxy)-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester l-Amino-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-l H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (30mg, (),07mmol) prepared in Example 21 was dissolved in dichloromethane (lOmL), and acetyl chloride (3().15mg, 0.37mmol) and triethylamine (40mg, 0.37mmol) were added thereto in order at 0°C. The mixture was stirred for 24hrs at RT, washed with saturated saline and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by (lash chromatography to obtain 15mg of the titled compound (yield: 45%). Hxample 27) Preparation of l-acetylamino-6-(2-morpholine-4-yl-ethoxy)-3-phenyl-1 H-indene-2-carboxylic acid cyclohexylamide I - Amino-6-(2-niorpholine-4-yl-ethoxy)-3-phenyl-1 H-indene-2-carboxylic acid cyclohexylamide (14mg, 0.03mmol) prepared in Example 22 was dissolved in dichloromethane (lOmL), acetyl chloride (24mg, OJmmol) and triethylamine (30mg, 0.3mmol) were added thereto in order at 0°C, and stirred for 24hrs at RT. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated saline and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 3mg of the titled compound (yield: 20%). Example 28) Preparation of l-diethylamine-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-l H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester l-Bromo-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-1 H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (lOOmg, 0.27mmol) obtained in Example 18 was dissolved in THF (lOmL), and diethylamine (98.74mg, 0.14mL. 1.35mmol) was added dropwise thereto. The mixture was stirred for 12hrs at RT, and the solvent was removed under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 65mg of the titled compound (yield: 66.3%). Example 29) Preparation of l-ethylamino-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-l H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 1 -Brorno-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (lOOmg, ().27mmol) obtained in Example 18 was dissolved in THF (lOmL), and 2.0 M ethylamine (0.68ml,, 1.35mmol) in THF was added dropwise thereto. The mixture was stirred for 12hrs at RT. and the solvent was removed under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 68mg of the titled compound (yield: 75.6%). Kxample 30) Preparation of 6-methoxy-l-morpholine-4-yl-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester l-Bromo-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (150mg, (),40mmol) obtained in Example 18 was dissolved in THF (15mL), and morpholine (175.01 nig, 0.18ml,, 2.01 mmol) was added dropwise thereto. The mixture was stirred for 12hrs at RT, and the solvent was removed under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by (lash chromatography to obtain 126mg of the titled compound (yield: 83%). Hxample 31) Preparation of l-benzylamino-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester l-Bromo-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (120mg, 0.32mmol) obtained in Example 18 was dissolved in THF (lOmL), and benzylamine (102.87mg, 0.1 ImL, 0.93mmol) and sodium iodide (9.60 mg, 0.06 mmol) were added thereto, followed by refluxing for 6hrs. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated saline and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 56mg of the titled compound (yield: 44%). Example 32) Preparation of l-cyclohexylamino-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester l-Bromo-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (lOOmg, 0.27mmol) obtained in Example 18 was dissolved in THF (lOmL), and cyclohexylamine (132.86mg, 0.15mL, 1.34mmol) was added dropwise thereto. The mixture was stirred for 12hrs at RT, and the solvent was removed under a reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 25mg of the titled compound (yield: 24%). lionmiiaticHi JKxamrjle J: Preparation of syrup A syrup containing hydrochloric acid salt of the compound of Example 8, l-hydroxy-6-(2-morpholine-4-yl-ethoxy)-l,3-diphenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, was prepared using the ingredients shown in Table 2 by dissolving l-hydroxy-6-(2-morpholine-4-yl-ethoxy)-l,3-diphenyl-lH-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride, saccharine, and sugar in warm water, cooling, and adding other ingredients thereto to a volume of lOOmL. Table 2 Ingredients Quantity I -Hydroxy-6-(2-morphoiine-4-yl-ethoxy)-1,3-diphenyl-1H- 2g indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester hydrochioride Saccharine 0.8g Sugar 25.4g Glycerine 8.0g Flavoring 0.04g ! Ethanol 4.0g I ._ _ _.. ! Sorbic Acid 0.4g Distilled Water q.s. I: orniulatian^ Ijxarnpje 2: Preparation of tablet A tablet containing hydrochloric acid salt of the compound of Example 8 was prepared with the ingredients shown in Table 3 by mixing l-hydroxy-6-(2-morpholirie-4-yl-ethoxy)-l,3-diphenyl-1 H-indene~2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester hydrochioride with lactose, potato starch and colloidal silica and adding a 10% gelatin solution thereto. Then the mixture was crushed, sieved through a 14 mesh and dried. Finally the remaining ingredients were added thereto and tableting was performed. I -Hydroxy~6-(2-morpholine-4-yl-ethoxy)-1,3-diphenyl-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester hydrochioride Lactose Potato Starch Colloidal Silica Table 3 Ingredients Quantity 250g 80g 10% gelatin solution Potato Starch Talc ~ Magnesium Stearate 160g ..___ "5g" " 3: Preparation of an injectable solution -Hydroxy-6-(2-morpholine-4-yl-ethoxy)-1,3-diphenyl-1 H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride, sodium chloride and ascorbic acid were dissolved in distilled water in amounts as shown in Table 4 and sterilized. 'Table 4 Ingredients -1 lydroxy-6-(2-morpholine-4-yl-ethoxy)-1,3-diphenyl-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester hydrochJoride Sodium chloride Ascorbic acid Distilled water Quantity lg O.lg q.s. Test Kxampje 1: PPARy activation test The activity for PPARy activation was examined as follows. The vector fused with ligand binding domain of a human PPARy gene and DNA binding site of a yeast GAL-4 gene, and luciferase reporter vector were simultaneously transfected in Nil 1/3 13 cell. The cells were cultured for 24hrs. The solution containing the cells at a concentration of 2xl()4 cells/well was placed on a 96-well plate. Then, each of the test compounds of the present invention and the control group without test compounds was added thereto. After incubating for 24hrs, the cells were subjected to lysis. The luciferase activity of the resultant was then measured, and the activation activity of the test compound was expressed as HC50(the concentration at which 50% of the maximum activation was observed) to compute the activation intensities of the test compounds and the comparative compound, rosiglitazone, relative to PPARy. The results are shown in Table 5. Rosiglitazone having the formula (XVI) was prepared according to the method described in./ Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 3997. Table 5 Compound EC50 (nM) 3 250 4 230 5 95 6 ._ .... . _. 50 7 25 8 ~ " 75" " ~ ~ "" To i5(F 11 100 15 230 18 45 19 _____ _ ^ 24 50 25 12 "" 26 40 32 250 Rosiglitazone 300 (XVI) As shown in Table 5, the inventive compounds exhibited superior PPARy activities over the comparative compound, rosiglitazone. l^st Hxanmle; 2: Effectiveness in lowering blood glucose level The effectiveness in lowering blood glucose level of the inventive compound was examined using ob/ob mice (male, 8-9 week old), a type 2 diabetes model animals which expresses signs of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, bred in house facilities of Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology. The hydrochloric acid salt of l-hydroxy-6-(2-morpholine-4-yl-ethoxy)-l,3-diphenyl-lH-indene-2-carbo-xylic acid ethyl ester prepared in Example 8 was suspended in saline/0.2% 1 ween"80. The resulting solution was intraperitoneally administered to the mice at a dose of 50 mg/kg, once a day for 5 days, or orally administered to the mice, at a dose of 100 mg/kg, twice a day for 14 days. Days 1, 3 and 5 were selected for intraperitoneal administration, and days 5, 10 and 14, for oral administration, to collect blood samples for measuring the blood glucose levels. The extent of inhibition of the inventive compound relative to the control (saline-0.2% Tween 80 in the absence of the compound) is shown in Table 6. Upon the completion of the oral administration for 14 days, the mice were fasted for 16hrs to perform OGTT(Oral Glucose Tolerance Test) to determine the changes in insulin sensitivity induced by the oral administration. After administrating glucose to the mice at a dose of 2g/kg orally, blood samples were collected at 0, 15, 30 60 and 120 minutes to measure blood glucose levels. The change in the total amount of blood glucose was computed over the 120 minute period to assess the extent of enhancing glucose clearance rates by the compound treatment. The results are shown in table 6, as % inhibition of total amount of blood glucose by the compound treatment relative to the untreated group. Table 6 Classification Extent of Inhibition (%) Intraperitoneai Administration (50mg/kg/day) j 32.0 Oral Administration (lOOmg/kg/day) Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (Blood Glucose) 23.7 T(j~2 Moreover, C57/BL6J mice (male, 4 week old) which received high fat diet (60% fat) for 10-11 weeks and showed hyperglycemia and insulin resistance were chosen to carry out similar experiments (oral administration for 14 days but once a day) as described above. The extents of suppression of blood glucose and insulin levels were measured as mentioned above. The results are shown in Table 7. To check possible adverse side effects caused by the administration of the compound, the weight, heart weight and liver weight of each mouse were measured. GPT and GOT values were also calculated by employing a kit available in the market. The results are listed in Table 8. Table 7 Classification Blood glucose level Blood Insulin level Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Inhibition Ratio (%) ~30.0 44,6'" 23 ^(Glucose )/562(Insuliny Table 8 Standard (high-fat diet) i The Inventive i Compound Rosiglitazone Weight (g) Heart Weight Liver Weight Is) GPT / GOT (karmen) 40 i 2.0 0.1 33 ±0.0 12 1.42 + 0.11 52+ 10/48+11 37 ± 2.0 0.1 17 ±0.0 12 1.22 + 0.10 47 + 6.5/35+6.2 40 + 1.6 0.1 33 ±0.004 1.35 + 0.14 79 ±8.3/40 +7.1 As shown in Tables 6, 7, and 8, the inventive compound has an excellent effect in lowering both blood glucose and insulin levels, when it is administered by either orally or intraperitoneally with no side effects such as weight gain, hepatotoxicity or cardiotoxicity. While the invention has been described with respect to the above specific embodiments, it should be recognized that various modifications and changes may be made to the invention by those skilled in the art which also fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. We Claim: 1. An indene derivative of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: (Formula Removed) wherein, R1a is H; R1b is -OCH3, -OC2H5, -NH2, -NHCOCH3, -NHCOC2H5, -N(C2H5)2, -NHC2H5, (Formula Removed) R2 is CN, CO2Ra or CONReRf; R3 is phenyl; R4, R5 and R7 are H; Re is -OCH3, -O(CH2)3R9, -O(CH2)2Rg', -CH2Rh or (Formula Removed) in which Ra is H, methyl or ethyl; Re is H; Rf is cyclohexyl; Rg is phenyl; Rg' and Rh is; and (Formula Removed) m is an integer in the range of 1 to 3. 2. The compound as claimed in claim 1, which is selected from the group consisting of: 1,6-dimethoxy-3-phenyl-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, 1-ethoxy-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, 1-amino-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, 1-amino-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, 1-amino-6-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-3-phenyl-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid cyclohexyl amide, 1-amino-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-1H-indene-2-carbonitrile, 1-acetylamino-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, 6-methoxy-3-phenyl-1-propionylamino-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, 1-acetylamino-3-phenyl-6-(3-phenyl-propoxy)-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, 1-acetylamino-6-(2-morpholin4-yl-ethoxy)-3-phenyl-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid cyclohexyl amide, 1-diethylamino-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, 1-ethylamino-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, 6-methoxy-1-morpholin-4-yl-3-phenyl-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, 1-benzyl amino-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, and 1-cyclohexyl amino-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester.

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6489-DELNP-2006-Abstract-(02-11-2011).pdf

6489-DELNP-2006-Abstract-(14-02-2012).pdf

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