Title of Invention

INDOLE COMPOUNDS COMRISING AN ACETYLENE GROUP AS PPAR ACTIVATORS

Abstract This invention is concerned with indole compounds comprising an acetylene group as PPAR activators of the formula wherein one of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is and X, R1 to R12, m, n and o are as defined in the description, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, to a process for their preparation and to then-use for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases which are modulated by PPAR8 and/or PPARa agonists.
Full Text The present invention is concerned with novel indolyl derivatives of the formula
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, wherein
R1 is hydrogen or C1-7-alkyl;
R2 and R3 independently from each other are selected from the group consisting
of hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl and C1-7-alkyl-C1-7-alkoxy;
R4 and R5 independently from each other are selected from the group consisting
of hydrogen, C1.7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-7-alkoxy-C1-7-alkyl,
C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-Ci.7-alkyl, fluoro-Ci.7-alkoxy,
cyano-Ci-7-alkyl and cyano;
R6, R7, R8 and R9 independently from each other are selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, C1.7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, halogen,
Ci.7-alkoxy-C1-7-alkyl, C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-C1-7-alkyl,
fluoro-C1-7-alkoxy, cyano-C1-7-alkyl and cyano;
and one
wherein
X is selected from the group consisting of S, O, NR13, (CH2)PNR13CO and
(CH2)PCONR13,
R13 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Ci.y-alkyl, €3.7-
cycloalkyl, fluoro-C1-7-alkyl, hydroxy-Cj-v-alkyl and Ci-7-alkoxy-C2-7-
alkyl;
R10 is selected from the group consisting of Ci.y-alkyl, Cs-v-cycloalkyl,
fluoro-C1-7-alkyl and C1_7-alkoxy-C1.7-alkyl;
R" is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Ci.7-alkyl and
C1 .7-alkoxy-C 1 .7-alkyl;
or R10 and R11 together with the carbon atom they are attached to form a
Ca-e-cycloalkyl ring;
R12 is aryl or heteroaryl;
m is 0, 1 or 2; o is 0, 1 or 2; p is 0, 1 or 2; n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; and the sum of m, n
and o is 1 to 5.
It has been found that compounds of formula I are useful as lipid modulators
and insulin sensitizers. In particular, compounds of formula I are PPAR activators.
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs) are members of the
nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. The PPARs are ligand-activated transcription
factors that regulate gene expression and control multiple metabolic pathways. Three
subtypes have been described which are PPARa, PPAR5 (also known as PPARP),
and PPARy. PPAR8 is ubiquitously expressed. PPARa is predominantly expressed in
the liver, kidney and heart. There are at least two major isoforms of PPARy. PPARy 1
is expressed in most tissues, and the longer isoform, PPARy2 is almost exclusively
expressed in adipose tissue. The PPARs modulate a variety of physiological responses
including regulation of glucose- and lipid- homeostasis and metabolism, energy
balance, cell differentiation, inflammation and cardiovascular events.
Approximately half of all patients with coronary artery disease have low
concentrations of plasma HDL cholesterol. The atheroprotective function of HDL was
first highlighted almost 25 years ago and stimulated exploration of the genetic and
environmental factors that influence HDL levels. The protective function of HDL
comes from its role in a process termed reverse cholesterol transport. HDL mediates
the removal of cholesterol from cells in peripheral tissues including those in the
atherosclerotic lesions of the arterial wall. HDL then delivers its cholesterol to the
liver and sterol-metabolizing organs for conversion to bile and elimination. Data from
the Framingham study showed that HDL-C levels are predictive of coronary artery
disease risk independently of LDL-C levels. The estimated age-adjusted prevalence
among Americans age 20 and older who have HDL-C of less than 35 mg/dl is 16%
(males) and 5.7% (females). A substantial increase of HDL-C is currently achieved by
treatment with niacin in various formulations. However, the substantial side-effects
limit the therapeutic potential of this approach.
As many as 90% of the 14 million diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients in the US
are overweight or obese, and a high proportion of type 2 diabetic patients have
abnormal concentrations of lipoproteins. The prevalence of total cholesterol > 240
mg/dl is 37% in diabetic men and 44% in women. The respective rates for LDL-C >
160 mg/dl are 31% and 44%, respectively, and for HDL-C respectively. Diabetes is a disease in which a patient's ability to control glucose levels
in blood is decreased because of partial impairment in response to the action of
insulin. Type II diabetes (T2D) is also called non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
(NIDDM) and afflicts 80-90 % of all diabetic patients in developed countries. In T2D,
the pancreatic Islets of Langerhans continue to produce insulin. However, the target
organs for insulin action, mainly muscle, liver and adipose tissue, exhibit a profound
resistance to insulin stimulation. The body continues to compensate by producing
unphysiologically high levels of insulin, which ultimately decreases in later stage of
disease, due to exhaustion and failure of pancreatic insulin-producing capacity. Thus
T2D is a cardiovascular-metabolic syndrome associated with multiple comorbidities
including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and
inflammatory atherosclerosis.
First line treatment for dyslipidemia and diabetes generally involves a low-fat
and low-glucose diet, exercise and weight loss. However, compliance can be
moderate, and as the disease progresses, treatment of the various metabolic
deficiencies becomes necessary with e.g. lipid-modulating agents such as statins and
fibrates for dyslipidemia and hypoglycemic drugs, e.g. sulfonylureas or metformin for
insulin resistance. A promising new class of drugs has recently been introduced that
resensitizes patients to their own insulin (insulin sensitizers), thereby restoring blood
glucose and triglyceride levels to normal, and in many cases, obviating or reducing the
requirement for exogenous insulin. Pioglitazone (Actos™) and rosiglitazone
(Avandia™) belong to the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class of PPARy-agonists and were
the first in their class to be approved for NIDDM in several countries. These
compounds, however, suffer from side effects, including rare but severe liver toxicity
(as seen with troglitazone). They also increase body weight in patients. Therefore,
new, more efficacious drugs with greater safety and lower side effects are urgently
needed. Recent studies provide evidence that agonism of PPAR8 would result in
compounds with enhanced therapeutic potential, i. e. such compounds should improve
the lipid profile, with a superior effect on HDL-C raising compared to current
treatments and with additional positive effects on normalization of insulin-levels
(Oliver et al; Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 5306-11). Recent observations also
suggest that there is a independent PPARcc mediated effect on insulin-sensitzation in
addition to its well known role in reducing triglycerides (Guerre-Millo et al; J Biol
Chem 2000; 275: 16638-16642). Thus selective PPAR8 agonists or PPAR8 agonists
with additional PPARoc activity may show superior therapeutic efficacy without the
side-effects such as the weight gain seen with PPARy agonists.
The novel compounds of the present invention exceed the compounds known in
the art, inasmuch as they bind to and selectively activate PPAR8 or coactivate PPARS
and PPARcc simultaneously and very efficiently, and with much improved
pharmacokinetic properties. Therefore, these compounds combine the antidyslipidemic
and anti-glycemic effects of PPARS and PPARa activation with no
effect on PPARy. Consequently, HDL cholesterol is increased, triglycerides lowered
(=improved lipid profile) and plasma glucose and insulin are reduced (=insulin
sensitization). In addition, such compounds may also lower LDL cholesterol, decrease
blood pressure and counteract inflammatory atherosclerosis. Furthermore, such
compounds may also be useful for treating inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid
arthritis, osteoarthritis, and psoriasis. Since multiple facets of combined dyslipidemia
and the T2D disease syndrome are addressed by PPAR8-selective agonists and
PPAR8 and a coagonists, they are expected to have an enhanced therapeutic potential
compared to the compounds already known in the art.
The compounds of the present invention further exhibit improved
pharmacological properties compared to known compounds.
Unless otherwise indicated the following definitions are set forth to illustrate
and define the meaning and scope of the various terms used to describe the invention
herein.
The term "alkyl", alone or in combination with other groups, refers to a
branched or straight-chain monovalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of one
to twenty carbon atoms, preferably one to sixteen carbon atoms, more preferably one
to ten carbon atoms.
The term "lower alkyl" or "Ci.7-alkyl", alone or in combination with other
groups, refers to a branched or straight-chain monovalent alkyl radical of one to seven
carbon atoms, preferably one to four carbon atoms. This term is further exemplified
by such radicals as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl and the
groups specifically exemplified herein.
The term "halogen" refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
The term "fluoro-lower alkyl" or "fluoro-Ci-7-alkyl" refers to to lower alkyl
groups which are mono- or multiply substituted with fluorine. Examples of fluorolower
alkyl groups are e.g. -CFs, -CFbCFs, -CH(CF3)2 and the groups specifically
exemplified herein.
The term "alkoxy" refers to the group R'-O-, wherein R' is alkyl. The term
"lower-alkoxy" or "Ci.7-alkoxy" refers to the group R'-O-, wherein R' is lower-alkyl.
Examples of lower-alkoxy groups are e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy,
butoxy, isobutoxy and hexyloxy. Preferred are the lower-alkoxy groups specifically
exemplified herein.
The term "fluoro-lower alkoxy" or "fluoro-C).7-alkoxy" refers to to lower
alkoxy groups which are mono- or multiply substituted with fluorine. Examples of
fluoro-lower alkoxy groups are e.g. -OCFs, -OCHaCFa, -O-CH(CF3)2 and the groups
specifically exemplified herein.
The term "lower alkenyl" or "C2-7-alkenyl", alone or in combination, signifies a
straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon residue comprising an olefmic bond and up to
7, preferably up to 6, particularly preferred up to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of alkenyl
groups are ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, isopropenyl, 1-butenyJ, 2-butenyl, 3-
butenyl and isobutenyl. A preferred example is 2-propenyl.
The term "lower alkinyl" or "C2-7-alkinyl", alone or in combination, signifies a
straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon residue comprising a triple bond and up to 7,
preferably up to 6, particularly preferred up to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of alkinyl
groups are ethinyl, 1-propinyl, or 2-propinyl.
The term "cycloalkyl" or "C3.7-cycloalkyl" denotes a saturated carbocyclic
group containing from 3 to 7 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,
cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl.
The term "aryl" relates to the phenyl or naphthyl group, preferably the phenyl
group, which can optionally be mono- or multiply-substituted, particularly mono- or
di-substituted by halogen, hydroxy, CN, CF3, NO2, NH2, N(H, lower-alkyl), N(loweralkyl)
2, carboxy, aminocarbonyl, lower-alkyl, lower fluoro-alkyl, lower-alkoxy, lower
fluoro-alkoxy, aryl and/or aryloxy. Preferred substituents are halogen, CFs, OCFs,
lower-alkyl and/or lower-alkoxy. Preferred are the specifically exemplified aryl
groups.
The term "heteroaryl" refers to an aromatic 5- or 6-membered ring which can
comprise 1, 2 or 3 atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulphur such as furyl,
pyridyl, 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4-diazinyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, or
pyrrolyl. The term "heteroaryl" further refers to bicyclic aromatic groups comprising
two 5- or 6-membered rings, in which one or both rings can contain 1, 2 or 3 atoms
selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur such as e.g. indole or quinoline, or partially
hydrogenated bicyclic aromatic groups such as e.g. indolinyl. A heteroaryl group may
have a substitution pattern as described earlier in connection with the term "aryl".
Preferred heteroaryl groups are e.g. thienyl and furyl which can optionally be
substituted as described above, preferably with halogen, CFs, OCFs, lower-alkyl
and/or lower-alkoxy.
The term "protecting group" refers to groups such as e.g. acyl, alkoxycarbonyl,
aryloxycarbonyl, silyl, or imine-derivatives, which are used to temporarily block the
reactivity of functional groups. Well known protecting groups are e.g. tbutyloxycarbonyl,
benzyloxycarbonyl, fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl or
diphenylmethylene which can be used for the protection of amino groups, or loweralkyl-,
p-trimethylsilylethyl- and p-trichloroethyl-esters, which can be used for the
protection of carboxy groups.
"Isomers" are compounds that have identical molecular formulae but that differ
in the nature or the sequence of bonding of their atoms or in the arrangement of their
atoms in space. Isomers that differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space are
termed "stereoisomers". Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another are
termed "diastereoisomers", and stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror
images are termed "enantiomers", or sometimes optical isomers. A carbon atom
bonded to four nonidentical substituents is termed a "chiral center".
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" embraces salts of the compounds
of formula (I) with pharmaceutically acceptable bases such as alkali salts, e.g. Na- and
K-salts, alkaline earth salts, e.g. Ca- and Mg-salts, and ammonium or substituted
ammonium salts, such as e.g. trimethylammonium salts. The term "pharmaceutically
acceptable salts" also relates to such salts.
The compounds of formula (I) can also be solvated, e.g. hydrated. The solvation
can be effected in the course of the manufacturing process or can take place e.g. as a
consequence of hygroscopic properties of an initially anhydrous compound of formula
(I) (hydration). The term pharmaceutically acceptable salts also includes
pharmaceutically acceptable solvates.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable esters" embraces derivatives of the
compounds of formula (I), in which a carboxy group has been converted to an ester.
Lower-alkyi, hydroxy-lower-alkyl, lower-alkoxy-lower-alkyl, amino-lower-alkyl,
mono- or di-lower-alkyl-amino-lower-alkyl, morpholino-lower-alkyl, pyrrolidinolower-
alkyl, piperidino-lower-alkyl, piperazino-lower-alkyl, lower-alkyl-piperazinolower-
alkyl and aralkyl esters are examples of suitable esters. The methyl, ethyl,
propyl, butyl and benzyl esters are preferred esters. The methyl and ethyl esters are
especially preferred. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable esters" furthermore
embraces compounds of formula (I) in which hydroxy groups have been converted to
the corresponding esters with inorganic or organic acids such as, nitric acid, sulphuric
acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, formic acid, maleic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid,
tartaric acid, methanesulphonic acid, p-toluenesulphonic acid and the like, which are
non toxic to living organisms.
In detail, the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I)
(Figure Removed)
wherein
R1 is hydrogen or
R2 and R3 independently from each other are selected from the group consisting
of hydrogen, Ci.7-alkyl and Ci-7-alkyl-Ci.7-alkoxy;
R4 and R5 independently from each other are selected from the group consisting
of hydrogen, Cj.7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, halogen, Ci.7-alkoxy-Ci.7-alkyl,
C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-Ci-7-alkyl, fluoro-Ci-7-alkoxy, cyano-Ci.
7-alkyl and cyano;
R6, R7, R8 and R9 independently from each other are selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, Ci-7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, halogen,
Ci-7-alkoxy-Ci-7-alkyl, C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-Ci. 7-alkyl,
fluoro-Ci.7-alkoxy, cyano-Ci.7-alkyl and cyano;
and one of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is
(Figure Removed)
5
wherein
X is selected from the group consisting of S, O, NR13, (CH2)PNRI3CO and
(CH2)PCONR13,
R13 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cj-7-alkyl, €3.7-
cycloalkyl, fluoro-Ci.7-alkyl, hydroxy-C2-7-alkyl and Ci.7-alkoxy-C2-7-
alkyl;
R10 is selected from the group consisting of Ci.7-alkyl, C3.7-cycloalkyl, fluoro-
Ci-7-alkyl and Ci-7-alkoxy-Ci.7-alkyl;
R11 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Ci.7-alkyl and
Ci.7-alkoxy-Ci.7-alkyl;
or R10 and R11 together with the carbon atom they are attached to form a Cs-6-
cycloalkyl ring;
R12 is aryl or heteroaryl;
m, o, p is 0, 1 or 2; n is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and the sum of m, n and o is 1 to 5; and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
Preferred compounds of formula I of the present invention are compounds of
formula
(Figure Removed)
wherein
X, R1 to R5, R10 to R12, m, n and o are as defined herein before;
R6, R7 and R9 independently from each other are selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, Ci-7-alkyl, Cs-y-cycloalkyl, halogen, Ci-7-alkoxy-C|.7-
alkyl,
C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-Ci.7-alkyl, fluoro-Ci-7-alkoxy, cyano-C|.7-alkyl
and cyano; and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
More preferred are those compounds of formula I-A in accordance with the
present invention, wherein R6, R7 and R9 are hydrogen.
Also preferred are compounds of formula I having the formula
(Figure Removed)
wherein
X, R1 to R5, R10 to R12, m, n and o are as defined herein before;
R6, R8 and R9 independently from each other are selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, Ci.7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, halogen, Ci.7-alkoxy-Ci.7-
alkyl,
C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-Ci.7-alkyl, fluoro-Ci.7-alkoxy, cyano-Ci.7-alkyl
and cyano; and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
Especially preferred are compounds of formula I-B, wherein R6, R8 and R9 are
hydrogen.
Also preferred compounds of formula I have the formula
(Figure Removed)
wherein
X, R1 to R5, R10 to R12, m, n and o are as defined herein before;
R7, R8 and R9 independently from each other are selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, Ci-7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, halogen, Ci.7-alkoxy-Ci.7-
alkyl,
C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-Ci.7-alkyl, fluoro-Ci-7-alkoxy, cyano-Ci-7-alkyl
and cyano; and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
More preferred are those compounds of formula I-C, wherein R7, R8 and R9 are
hydrogen.
Further preferred compounds of formula I have the formula
(Figure Removed)
wherein
X, R1 to R5, R10 to R12, m, n and o are as defined herein before;
R6, R7 and R8 independently from each other are selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, Ci.v-alkyl, C3.7-cycloalkyl, halogen, Ci.7-alkoxy-C|.7-
alkyl,
C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-Ci-7-alkyl, fluoro-Ci-7-alkoxy, cyano-Ci-7-alkyl
and cyano; and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
More preferred are those compounds of formula I-D, wherein R7, R8 and R9 are
hydrogen.
Furthermore, compounds of formula I, wherein R1 is hydrogen, are preferred.
Compounds of formula I, wherein R2 and R3 independently from each other are
hydrogen or methyl, are also preferred. Especially preferred are compounds of formula
I, wherein R2 and R3 are hydrogen.
Preferred are further compounds of formula I, wherein R4 is hydrogen.
Compounds of formula I, wherein R5 is hydrogen, Ci-7-alkyl or halogen, are also
preferred. Especially preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein R5 is hydrogen.
Preferred are further compounds of formula I according to the present invention,
wherein X is S, O or NR13 and wherein R13 is hydrogen, Ci.v-alkyl, Cs-v-cycloalkyl,
fluoro-Ci-7-alkyl, hydroxy-C2-7-alkyl, or Ci.7-alkoxy-C2-7-alkyl.
More preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein X is S.
Especially preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein X is O.
In addition, compounds of formula I of the present invention, wherein X is
(CH2)PNR13CO or (CH2)PCONR13 and wherein R13 is selected from hydrogen, C,.7-
alkyl, C3.7-cycloalkyl, fluoro-Ci-7-alkyl, hydroxy-C2-7-alkyl, or Ci.7-alkoxy-C2-7-alkyl
and p is 0,1 or 2, are also preferred.
Especially preferred within this group are those compounds, wherein X is
(CH2)pNR13CO, R13 is hydrogen or methyl and p is 0. Compounds, wherein X is
(CH2)pNR13CO, R13 is hydrogen or methyl and p is 1, are also preferred.
The integer m is 0, 1 or 2. Especially preferred are compounds of formula I
according to the present invention, wherein m is 0.
The integer n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, o is 0,1 or 2, and p is 0, 1 or 2, with the proviso that
the the sum of m, n and o is 1 to 5.
Preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein m is 0 and the sum of n and o is
1,2 or 3.
Also preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein the sum of n and o is 2 or
3.
Compounds of formula I, wherein R12 is aryl, are preferred. More preferred are
those compounds of formula I, wherein R12 is unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl
substituted with one to three groups selected from Ci.7-alkyl, Ci-7-alkoxy, halogen,
fluoro-Ci-7-alkyl, fluoro-Ci.7-alkoxy and cyano, with those compounds, wherein R12 is
phenyl substituted with halogen, fluoro-Ci-7-alkyl or fluoro-Ci-7-alkoxy, being
particularly preferred.
Examples of preferred compounds of formula I are the following:
{6-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid,
(6-[5-(3-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-1 -yl} -acetic acid,
{6-[5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid,
{6-[5-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid,
13
{4-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-1 -yl} -acetic acid,
{5-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l -yl} -acetic acid,
{6-[2,2-dimethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic
acid,
(6-{methyl-[5-(3-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynoyl]-amino}-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid,
{6-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynylamino]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid,
(6-{methyl-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynoyl]-amino}-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid,
{7-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl} -acetic acid,
[rac]-2-{6-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-propionic
acid,
(6-{[3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-prop-2-ynylcarbamoyl]-methyl}-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid,
(6- {[3 -(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-prop-2-ynylcarbamoyl] -methyl} -indol-1 -yl)-acetic
acid,
[6-({methyl-[5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pent-4-ynoyl]-amino}-methyl)-indol-l-yl]-
acetic acid,
[6-({methyl-[3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-prop-2-ynyl]-carbamoyl}-methyl)-indoll-
yl]-acetic acid,
[rac]- {6-[ 1 -methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-1 -yl} -acetic
acid, and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
Particularly preferred compounds of formula I of the present invention are the
following:
{6-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid,
{6-[5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-1 -yl} -acetic acid,
{5-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid,
{6-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynylamino]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid,
(6-{methyl-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynoyl]-amino}-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid,
2- {6-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-1 -yl} -propionic acid,
[rac] - {6-[ 1 -methyl-5 -(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-yny loxy] -indo 1-1 -yl} -acetic
acid, and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
Especially preferred are also the following compounds of formula I of the
present invention:
{6-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid,
{6-[5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid, and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
Furthermore, the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula
I and the pharmaceutically acceptable esters of the compounds of formula I
individually constitute preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Compounds of formula I can have one or more asymmetric carbon atoms and
can exist in the form of optically pure enantiomers, mixtures of enantiomers such as,
for example, racemates, optically pure diastereoisomers, mixtures of diastereoisomers,
diastereoisomeric racemates or mixtures of diastereoisomeric racemates. The optically
active forms can be obtained for example by resolution of the racemates, by
asymmetric synthesis or asymmetric chromatography (chromatography with a chiral
adsorbens or eluant). The invention embraces all of these forms.
It will be appreciated, that the compounds of general formula I in this invention
may be derivatised at functional groups to provide derivatives which are capable of
conversion back to the parent compound in vivo. Physiologically acceptable and
metabolically labile derivatives, which are capable of producing the parent
compounds of general formula I in vivo are also within the scope of this invention.
A further aspect of the present invention is the process for the manufacture of
compounds of formula (I) as defined above, which process comprises
a) reacting a compound of formula
(Figure Removed)
wherein R1 is Cj-7-alkyl, R2 to R9 are as defined herein before and one of R6, R7, R8 or
R9 is selected from -OH, -SH or -NHR13, wherein R13 is as defined herein before,
with a compound of formula
R m
wherein R10, R11, R12 n, m and o are as defined in claim 1 and R14 is -OH, -Cl, -Br, -I
or another leaving group, to obtain a compound of formula
(Figure Removed)
wherein one of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is
. and wherein X is O, S, or -NR13, R1 is Ci.7-alkyl and X, R2 to R13 are as defined
herein before,
and optionally hydrolysing the ester group to obtain a compound of formula I, wherein
R1 is hydrogen;
or, alternatively,
b) reacting a compound of formula
(Figure Removed)
wherein R1 is Ci-7-alkyl, R2 to R9 are as defined herein before and one of R6, R7, R8 or
R9 is -(CH2)p-NHR13, wherein R13 and p are as defined herein before,
with a compound of formula
10 11 wherein R , R , R1 2 , m, n and o are as defined herein before,
to obtain a compound of formula
(Figure Removed)
wherein one of R6, R7, R8 and R is
- (CH2)0
and wherein X is -(CH2)P-NR13CO-, R1 is Ci.7-alkyl and R2 to R13 and m, n, o and p
are as defined herein before,
and optionally hydrolysing the ester group to obtain a compound of formula I, wherein
R1 is hydrogen;
or, alternatively,
c) reacting a compound of formula
(Figure Removed)
wherein R is Cj-7-alkyl, R toR areas defined herein before and one of R, R, R or
R9 is -(CH2)P-COOH, and p is defined as herein before,
with a compound of formula
(Figure Removed)
wherein R10, R11, R12, R13, m, n and o are as defined herein before,
to obtain a compound of formula
(Figure Removed)
wherein one of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is
, (CH2)0
and wherein X is -(CH2)P-CONR13, R1 is C].7-alkyl and R2 to R13 and m, n, o and p
are as defined herein before,
and optionally hydrolysing the ester group to obtain a compound of formula I, wherein
R1 is hydrogen;
or, alternatively,
d) reacting a compound of formula
(Figure Removed)
wherein R4 to R9 are as defined herein before,
with a compound of formula
(Figure Removed)
wherein R1 is Ci-7-alkyl, R2 and R3 are as defined herein before and R15 is halogen,
triflate or another leaving group,
to obtain a compound of formula
wherein R1 is Ci-7-alkyl and R2 to R9 are as defined herein before,
and optionally hydrolysing the ester group to obtain a compound of formula I, wherein
R1 is hydrogen.
As described above, the compounds of formula (I) of the present invention can
be used as medicaments for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases which are
modulated by PPAR8 and/or PPARa agonists. Examples of such diseases are
diabetes, particularly non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, increased lipid and
cholesterol levels, particularly low HDL-cholesterol, high LDL-cholesterol, or high
triglyceride levels, atherosclerotic diseases, metabolic syndrome (syndrome X),
elevated blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction, procoagulant state, dyslipidemia,
polycystic ovary syndrome, inflammatory diseases (such as e.g. Crohn's disease,
inflammatory bowel disease, colitis, pancreatitis, cholestasis/fibrosis of the liver,
rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriasis and other skin disorders, and diseases
that have an inflammatory component such as e.g. Alzheimer's disease or
impaired/improvable cognitive function) and proliferative diseases (cancers such as
e.g. liposarcoma, colon cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer and breast cancer).
The use as medicament for the treatment of low HDL cholesterol levels, high LDL
cholesterol levels, high triglyceride levels, and the metabolic syndrome (syndrome X)
is preferred.
The invention therefore also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising
a compound as defined above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or
adjuvant.
Further, the invention relates to compounds as defined above for use as
therapeutically active substances, particularly as therapeutic active substances for the
treatment and/or prevention of diseases which are modulated by PPAR5 and/or
PPARoc agonists. Examples of such diseases are diabetes, particularly non-insulin
dependent diabetes mellitus, increased lipid and cholesterol levels, particularly low
HDL-cholesterol, high LDL-cholesterol, or high triglyceride levels, atherosclerotic
diseases, metabolic syndrome (syndrome X), elevated blood pressure, endothelial
dysfunction, procoagulant state, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary syndrome,
inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriasis and other
skin disorder, and proliferative diseases.
In another embodiment, the invention relates to a method for the treatment
and/or prevention of diseases which are modulated by PPAR5 and/or PPARa
agonists, which method comprises administering a compound of formula (I) to a
human or animal. Preferred examples of such diseases are diabetes, particularly noninsulin
dependent diabetes mellitus, increased lipid and cholesterol levels, particularly
low HDL-cholesterol, high LDL-cholesterol, or high triglyceride levels,
atherosclerotic diseases, metabolic syndrome (syndrome X), elevated blood pressure,
endothelial dysfunction, procoagulant state, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary syndrome,
inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriasis and other
skin disorder, and proliferative diseases.
The invention further relates to the use of compounds as defined above for the
treatment and/or prevention of diseases which are modulated by PPAR8 and/or
PPARa agonists. Preferred examples of such diseases are diabetes, particularly non-
insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, increased lipid and cholesterol levels, particularly
low HDL-cholesterol, high LDL-cholesterol, or high triglyceride levels,
atherosclerotic diseases, metabolic syndrome (syndrome X), elevated blood pressure,
endothelial dysfunction, procoagulant state, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary syndrome,
inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriasis and other
skin disorder, and proliferative diseases.
In addition, the invention relates to the use of compounds as defined above for
the preparation of medicaments for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases which
are modulated by PPAR8 and/or PPARcc agonists. Preferred examples of such
diseases are diabetes, particularly non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, increased
lipid and cholesterol levels, particularly low HDL-cholesterol, high LDL-cholesterol,
or high triglyceride levels, atherosclerotic diseases, metabolic syndrome (syndrome
X), elevated blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction, procoagulant state, dyslipidemia,
polycystic ovary syndrome, inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis,
osteoarthritis, psoriasis and other skin disorder, and proliferative diseases. Such
medicaments comprise a compound as defined above.
The compounds of formula (I) can be manufactured by the methods given
below, by the methods given in the examples or by analogous methods. Appropriate
reaction conditions for the individual reaction steps are known to a person skilled in
the art. Starting materials are either commercially available or can be prepared by
methods analogous to the methods given below, by methods described in references
cited in the text or in the examples, or by methods known in the art.
The synthesis of compounds with the general structure I of the present
invention, particularly compounds according to formula la (scheme 1) with X equal to
oxygen can be accomplished according to scheme 1.
Scheme 1
6-Hydroxyindoles 1 and the regioisomeric 4-, 5- and 7-hydroxyindoles are
commercially available, known or can be synthesized by methods known in the art.
The hydroxy function of compounds 1 can be protected by methods described in the
literature, e. g. by treating them with tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride in the presence of
imidazole, preferably at room temperature in solvents like N,N-dimethylformamide, to
obtain the corresponding tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers 2 (step a). N-Alkylation of
intermediates 2 with carboxylic acid esters 3, where R15 can be equal to e. g. chlorine,
bromine, triflate, or another leaving group, delivers indoles 4 and can be performed by
standard technology; e. g. in the presence of K^COs or CS2CO3 at temperatures
between 10 °C and the reflux temperature of the solvent in a solvent like acetonitrile
or acetone or in the presence of sodium hydride at temperatures between -10 °C and
50 °C in a solvent like N,N-dimethylformamide (step b). Ester derivatives 3 are
commercially available or can be synthesized by methods known in the art.
Deprotection of indoles 4 by methods described in the literature, e. g. by treatment
with tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride at temperatures between -15 °C and ambient
temperature in a solvent like tetrahydrofuran, provided that the protection group is a
silyl ether, gives hydroxyindoles 5 (step c). Alkyne compounds 6 (prepared as outlined
in schemes 5 to 7) are condensed with hydroxyindoles 5 according to well known
procedures: if R14 represents a hydroxy group e. g. via Mitsunobu-reaction, with
triphenylphosphine and di-tert-butyl-, diisopropyl- or diethyl-azodicarboxylate as
reagents, or by using tributylphosphine and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl azodicarboxamide;
this transformation is preferably carried out in a solvent like toluene, dichloromethane
or tetrahydrofuran at ambient temperature. Alternatively, if R14 represents a halide,
mesylate or tosylate moiety, alkyne compounds 6 can be reacted with hydroxyindoles
5 in solvents like N,N-dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, acetone or methyl-ethyl
ketone in the presence of a base like cesium or potassium carbonate in a temperature
ranging from room temperature to 140 °C, preferably around 50 °C, to yield ether
compounds la (step d). Alkynes 6 with R14 = OH can also be transformed in situ to
the corresponding triflates by treatment with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride / 2,6-
di-tert-butylpyridine in dichloromethane at 0 °C to room temperature. The triflates are
then reacted with hydroxyindoles 5 in solvents like N,N-dimethylformamide,
dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile, acetone or methyl-ethyl ketone in the presence of a
base like cesium or potassium carbonate at a temperature ranging from room
temperature to 140 °C, preferably around 50 °C to yield ether compounds la (step d).
Carboxylic acid esters la can alternatively be synthesized via regioselective
condensation of alkynes 6 with hydroxyindoles 1 under the conditions given in step d
(step e) and subsequent N-alkylation of the obtained ethers 7 with alkylating reagents
3 as described for the synthesis of esters 4 in step b (step f). In addition, indoles 7 or
esters la with R12 equal to hydrogen can be subjected to Sonogashira coupling
conditions (e.g. see descriptions in schemes 5 and 6 or Natchus, Michael G.;
Bookland, Roger G.; Laufersweiler, Matthew J.; Pikul, Staszek; Almstead, Neil G.;
De, Biswanath; Janusz, Michael J.; Hsieh, Lily C.; Gu, Fei; Pokross, Matthew E.;
Patel, Vikram S.; Garver, Susan M.; Peng, Sean X.; Branch, Todd M.; King, Selane
L.; Baker, Timothy R.; Foltz, David J.; Mieling, Glen E. Journal of Medicinal
Chemistry (2001), 44(7), 1060-1071) to give alkynes 7 with R12 * H or the final
compounds la, respectively. Esters of formula la can optionally be hydrolyzed
according to standard procedures, e. g. by treatment with an alkali hydroxide like
LiOH or NaOH in a polar solvent mixture like tetrahydrofuran/ ethanol/ water leading
to carboxylic acids la. If the alkyne compounds 6 (prepared as described in schemes 5
to 7) and/or the hydroxyindoles 5 contain chiral centers, ester compounds la and
carboxylic acids la can be obtained as mixtures of diastereomers or enantiomers,
which can be separated by methods well known in the art, e. g. (chiral) HPLC or
crystallization.
An analogous reaction scheme with the same reaction sequences applies for the
isomeric compound series leading to compounds of general formula I, particularly
compounds according to formula Ib:
(Figure Removed)
The synthesis of compounds with the general structure I, particularly
compounds with X equal to S can be accomplished in close analogy to the synthesis of
the corresponding analogues with X equal to oxygen. Suitable sulfur containing
intermediates are known, can be prepared by methods known in the art (compare e. g.
M. Matsumoto, N. Watanabe, Heterocycles 1987, 26, 913-916 or E. Piers, V. B.
Haarstadt, R. J. Cushley, R. K. Brown, Canadian Journal of Chemistry 1962, 40, 511-
517) or can be prepared from suitable intermediates carrying an aromatic hydroxy
function. In such intermediates, optionally carrying one or more protective functions,
the aromatic OH group can be replaced by the corresponding aromatic SH function by
methods known in the art. For example by a three step sequence as described in J.
Labelled Compounds & Radiopharmaceuticals 43(7), 683-691, (2000): i)
transformation of the aromatic hydroxy moiety into its trifluoromethanesulfonate
(triflic anhydride, triethylamine, dichloromethane, at low temperature, preferably
around -30 °C); ii) treatment of the triflate with triisopropylsilanethiolate,
tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium(0) in solvent mixtures like toluene and
tetrahydrofuran in a temperature range between 60 °C and 150 °C; iii) treatment of the
silyl sulfide with hydrogen chloride in methanol preferably around 0 °C to liberate the
aromatic SH moiety.
The synthesis of compounds with the general structure I, particularly
compounds according to formula Ic, with X equal to nitrogen, can be accomplished
according to scheme 2.
Scheme 2
(Figure Removed)
6-Aminoindoles 1 and the regioisomeric 4-, 5- and 7-aminoindoles are
commercially available, known or can be synthesized by methods known in the art, e.
g. starting from the analogous hydroxyindoles. In such intermediates, optionally
carrying one or more protective functions, the aromatic hydroxy group can be replaced
by an amino function, e. g. by applying the following three step sequence described in
Tetrahedron Letters 43(42), 7617-7619(2002): i) transformation of the hydroxyindole
moiety into its trifluoro-methanesulfonate (triflic anhydride, 2,6-lutidine, 4-
dimethylaminopyridine, dichloromethane, 0 °C to room temperature; ii) treatment of
the triflate with benzophenone imine, di-palladium-tris(dibenzylideneacetone)
complex, S-(-)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-l,l'-binaphthyl, cesium carbonate,
toluene, in a Schlenk tube at temperatures around 120 °C; iii) treatment with catalytic
amounts of hydrochloric acid in wet tetrahydrofuran preferably at room temperature to
liberate the aromatic NH2 moiety. This amino function of compounds 1 can be
protected by methods described in the literature, e. g. by treatment with di-tert-butyl
dicarbonate optionally in the presence of a base like e. g. triethylamine, preferably at
ambient temperature in solvents like methanol, tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane, to
yield indoles 2 (step a). Alkylation of intermediates 2 at the nitrogen in position 1 with
carboxylic acid ester 3, where R15 can be equal to e. g. chlorine, bromine, triflate or
another leaving group, delivers indoles 4 and can be performed by standard
technology; e. g. in the presence of K^COs or CS2CO3 at temperatures between 10 °C
and the reflux temperature of the solvent in a solvent like acetonitrile, acetone or N,Ndimethylformamide
(step b). Removal of the protecting group under standard
conditions, e. g. by using hydrochloric acid in ethyl acetate, preferably at temperatures
between 0 °C and ambient temperature, affords amines 5 with R13 being equal to
hydrogen (step c). Intermediates 4 can optionally be alkylated at the nitrogen in 6-
position using sodium hydride and a reactive alkyl halogenide/mesylate or triflate to
give compounds 6 (step d) which can be deprotected as described in step c to obtain
amines 5 with R13 * hydrogen (step e). Reaction of aminoindoles 5 with alkynes 7
(prepared as outlined in schemes 5 to 7) using sodium hydride or sodium, potassium
or cesium carbonate in N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide,
dimethylacetamide or tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature ranging from 0 °C to 140 °C,
preferably at ambient temperature, leads to compounds Ic (step f). Alternatively,
alkynes 7 with R14 = OH can be transformed in situ to the coresponding triflates by
treatment with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride/2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine in
dichloromethane at 0 °C. These triflates are then reacted with amines 5 in the presence
of a base such as sodium hydride in solvents like nitromethane at temperatures
between ambient temperature and 60 °C to yield compounds Ic [following a
procedure from Belostotskii, Anatoly M., Hassner, A., Tetrahedron Lett. 1994,
35(28), 5075-6] (step f). Further, steps d and f can be exchanged to synthesize
compounds Ic with R13 * hydrogen and steps f and c can be exchanged in order to
synthesize compounds Ic with R13 being equal to hydrogen. In addition, secondary
amines Ic (R13 = H) can be reductively methylated with an aqueous solution of
NaH^POs and formaldehyde at temperatures between ambient temperature and 65 °C
[Loibner, H., Pruckner, A., Stuetz, A., Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 2535-2536] to give
compounds Ic with R13 = Me. Alternatively, esters Ic with R12 equal to hydrogen can
be subjected to Sonogashira coupling conditions (e.g. see descriptions in schemes 5
and 6 or Natchus, Michael G.; Bookland, Roger G.; Laufersweiler, Matthew J.; Pikul,
Staszek; Almstead, Neil G.; De, Biswanath; Janusz, Michael J.; Hsieh, Lily C.; Gu,
Fei; Pokross, Matthew E.; Patel, Vikram S.; Garver, Susan M.; Peng, Sean X.;
Branch, Todd M.; King, Selane L.; Baker, Timothy R.; Foltz, David J.; Mieling, Glen
E. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2001), 44(7), 1060-1071) to give the final
compounds Ic. Esters Ic can further be synthesized starting from aminoindoles 1 -
optionally using one or more protecting groups - applying the following reaction
sequence: i) protection of the amino group as described in step a; ii) protecting group
manipulations and introduction of R13 as described in steps c, d and e; iii) reaction
with building blocks 7 as described in step f (if R13 is equal to hydrogen steps i) and
ii) can be left out); iv) alkylation at the indole IN-atom with carboxylic acid esters 3
as described in step b. Esters of formula Ic can optionally be hydrolyzed according to
standard procedures, e. g. by treatment with an alkali hydroxide like LiOH or NaOH
in a polar solvent mixture like tetrahydrofuran/ethanol/water leading to carboxylic
acids Ic. If alkyne compounds 7 (prepared as described in schemes 5 to 7) and/or
aminoindoles 5 contain chiral centers, ester compounds Ic and carboxylic acids Ic can
be obtained as mixtures of diastereomers or enantiomers, which can be separated by
methods well known in the art, e. g. (chiral) HPLC or crystallization. Racemic
compounds can e. g. be separated into their antipodes via diastereomeric salts by
crystallization with optically pure amines such as e. g. (R) or (S)-l-phenyl-ethylamine,
(R) or (S)-l-naphthalen-l-yl-ethylamine, brucine, quinine or quinidine or by
separation of the antipodes by specific chromatographic methods using either a chiral
adsorbens or a chiral eluent.
An analogous reaction scheme with the same reaction sequences applies for the
isomeric compound series leading to compounds of general formula I, particularly
compounds according to formula Id:
(Figure Removed)
The synthesis of compounds with the general structure I, particularly
compounds according to formula le and If, with X equal to (CH2)PNR13CO, or
(CH2)PCONR13 can be accomplished according to scheme 3.
(Figure Removed)
Nitriles 1 and aldehydes 2 can be prepared from the corresponding cyano- or
formyl-indoles (which are known, commercially available or can be prepared by
methods known in the art) by reaction with esters having a leaving group in the alpha
position (compounds 3 in schemes 1 and 2) in the presence of a base like potassium or
cesium carbonate in solvents like acetone, methyl-ethyl ketone, acetonitrile or N,Ndimethylformamide
in a temperature range between room temperature and 140 °C.
Hydrogenation of nitrile compounds 1, e. g. using catalytic amounts of platinum
dioxide in a mixture of ethanol and chloroform, leads to compounds 3 with p = 1 (step
a). The preparation of compounds 3 with p = 0 has been described in scheme 2
(compounds 5, scheme 2). Compounds 3 with p = 2 can be prepared from compounds
2 in a two step procedure: i) treatment with nitro-methane and ammonium acetate at a
temperature around 110 °C to form the corresponding nitro styrene compounds; ii)
reduction to the aminoethyl-substituted indoles by methods known in the art (step b).
In order to introduce substituents R13 * H, e. g. BOC-protection of compounds 3,
followed by alkylation and subsequent removal of the BOC group can be performed
similarly as described in scheme 2.
Compounds 4 with p = 0 can be prepared by oxidizing aldehydes 2 under
standard conditions to aromatic acids 4 (e. g. with sodium chlorite, sodium
dihydrogen-phosphate in a mixture of tert-butanol and water and in the presence of 3-
methyl-2-butene at temperatures around room temperature) (step c). Alternatively,
acids 4 with p = 0 can be synthesized from lH-indole-7-carboxylic acid derivatives
(which are known, commercially available or can be prepared by methods known in
the art) by reacting them with esters having a leaving group in the alpha position
(compounds 3 in schemes 1 and 2) - optionally using one or more protecting groups -
in the presence of a base like potassium or cesium carbonate in solvents like acetone,
methyl-ethyl ketone, acetonitrile or N,N-dimethylformamide in a temperature range
between room temperature and 140 °C. Compounds 4 with p = 1 can be prepared from
compounds 2 by a Wittig reaction using (methoxymethyl)-triphenylphosphonium
chloride as reagent, transformation of the resulting enol ethers to the corresponding
aldehydes and subsequent oxidation to the acids 4 (step c). Compounds 4 with p = 2
can be prepared from compounds 2 e. g. by a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction
using dimethyl(benzyloxy-carbonyl)methyl phosphonate, followed by selective
reduction of the double bond and cleavage of the ester function applying methods well
known in the art (step c). Condensation of amines 3 or acids 4 with acids 5 or amines
6 (prepared as outlined in schemes 5 to 7) can be performed applying standard
literature procedures for amide formation, such as the use of N-(3-
dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethyl-carbodiimide-hydrochloride and 4-dimethylaminopyridine
in dichloromethane at temperatures between 0 °C and room temperature
yielding compounds le (step d) or If (step e). Alternatively, amines 3 or acids 4 can be
condensed with alkynes 5 or 6 with R12 = H (prepared as outlined in schemes 5 to 7)
to give alkynes le (R12 = H) (step d) or If (R12 = H) (step e). Intermediates le (R12 =
H) or If (R12 = H) can further be processed via Sonogashira coupling as described in
schemes 5 and 6 to the final compounds le or If [e.g. see description in schemes 5 and
6 or Natchus, Michael G.; Bookland, Roger G.; Laufersweiler, Matthew J.; Pikul,
Staszek; Almstead, Neil G.; De, Biswanath; Janusz, Michael J.; Hsieh, Lily C.; Gu,
Fei; Pokross, Matthew E.; Patel, Vikram S.; Garver, Susan M.; Peng, Sean X.;
Branch, Todd M.; King, Selane L.; Baker, Timothy R.; Foltz, David J.; Mieling, Glen
E. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2001), 44(7), 1060-1071]. Esters le and If can
alternatively be synthesized starting from cyano-lH-indoles instead of starting from
nitriles 1 or starting from formyl-lH-indoles instead of starting from aldehydes 2
applying the synthetic routes described in scheme 3, optionally using protecting
groups (compare e. g. US 4378368; cyano- and formyl-indoles are known,
commercially available or can be prepared by methods known in the art). Using this
synthetic strategy, the reaction with esters having a leaving group in the alpha position
(compounds 3 in schemes 1 and 2) in the presence of a base like potassium or cesium
carbonate in solvents like acetone, methyl-ethyl ketone, acetonitrile or N,Ndimethylformamide
in a temperature range between room temperature and 140 °C is
carried out after the amide bond formation steps d or e, to obtain the final compounds
le or If, respectively. Esters of formula le or If can optionally be hydrolyzed
according to standard procedures, e. g. by treatment with an alkali hydroxide like
LiOH or NaOH in a polar solvent mixture like tetrahydrofuran/ethanol/water, giving
carboxylic acids le or If. If the alkyne compounds 5 and 6 (prepared as described in
schemes 5 to 7) and/or the indoles 3 and 4 contain chiral centers, ester compounds le
and If and carboxylic acids le and If can be obtained as mixtures of diastereomers or
enantiomers, which can be separated by methods well known in the art, e. g. (chiral)
HPLC or crystallization.
An analogous reaction scheme with the same reaction sequences applies for the
isomeric compound series leading to compounds of general formula I, particularly
compounds according to formula Ig and Ih:
(Figure Removed)
6-Hydroxyindoles 1 (scheme 1) and O-protected 6-hydroxyindoles 2 (scheme 1)
as well as their regioisomeric 4-, 5- and 7-hydroxyindole analogues are known or can
be synthesized by methods known in the art. Examples for possible syntheses of these
key intermediates (compounds 6 and 7 in scheme 4) are given in scheme 4 for R8 in I
being equal to hydroxy or protected hydroxy. Analogous key intermediates where R6,
R7 or R9 is equal to hydroxy or hydroxy carrying a protecting group can be
synthesized applying the same reaction sequence.
Scheme 4
(Figure Removed)
Introduction of a protecting group at the nitrogen atom of indoles 1 can be
performed under standard conditions, e. g. by deprotonation with a base like nbutyllithium,
preferably at -78 °C, and subsequent addition of e. g. tertbutyldimethylsilyl
chloride at temperatures between -78 °C and ambient temperature
in solvents like tetrahydrofuran (step a). Halogenation of protected indoles 2, e. g.
through reaction with N-halosuccinimides at temperatures between -78 °C and
ambient temperature in solvents like tetrahydrofuran delivers 3-halo indoles 3 (step b).
Compounds 3 can - following halogen metal exchange, preferably with tertbutyllithium
at -78 °C in solvents like tetrahydrofuran - be reacted with alkylating
reagents 4 with Y e. g. being a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, preferably with alkyl
iodides, at temperatures between -78 °C and ambient temperature in solvents like
tetrahydrofuran, to form indoles 5 bearing a substituent in position 3 (step c). NDeprotection
or simultaneous N- and O-deprotection of compounds 5 leading to
building blocks 6 can be performed by methods described in the literature, e. g. by
treatment with tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride at temperatures between -15 °C and
ambient temperature in a solvent like tetrahydrofuran, provided that the protecting
groups are silyl ethers and/or silylated indoles (step d).
Building blocks 7 carrying a chlorine, bromine or iodine substituent in position
3 can be synthesized by halogenation of indoles 1, optionally carrying a protecting
group at the hydroxy function, e. g. by reaction with N-chlorosuccinimide at
temperatures between -15 °C and the reflux temperature of the solvent in solvents like
dichloromethane or chloroform (step e). Alternatively, the same halo-indoles 7 can be
obtained via N-deprotection or N- and O-deprotection of indoles 3 as described in step
d (step f).
Using appropriate protecting groups, the synthesis of hydroxyindole derivatives
6 and 7 described in scheme 4 can be transferred to the synthesis of the corresponding
4-, 5-, 6- or 7-thioindole or 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7- aminoindole analogues, respectively.
Schemes 5 to 7 describe the synthesis of alkyne building blocks 6 (scheme 1),
identical to compounds 7 (scheme 2), and acid- 5 and amine-building blocks 6
(scheme 3).
Scheme 5
(Figure Removed)
Hydroxy alkynes 1 (R14 = OH) or amino alkynes 1 (R14 = NHR13 or N-protected
NR13) or alkyne esters 1 (R14 = COOalkyl) are known or can be prepared by methods
known in the art. Alkynes 1 undergo palladium- and copper mediated coupling
reactions with halo aryls or halo heteroaryls to give alkynes 2 (step a) wherein R12 is
aryl or heteroaryl. These Sonogashira couplings are preferably performed using
catalytic amounts of Pd(PPh3VCuI at 45 °C to 80 °C in piperidine, in analogy to a
literature procedure [Stara, Irena G.; Stary, Ivo; Kollarovic, Adrian; Teply, Filip;
Saman, David; Fiedler, Pavel. Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. (1999), 64(4), 649-
672], Pd(PPh3)4/CuI/Et3N at room temperature in DMF [Natchus, Michael G.;
Bookland, Roger G.; Laufersweiler, Matthew J.; Pikul, Staszek; Almstead, Neil G.;
De, Biswanath; Janusz, Michael J.; Hsieh, Lily C.; Gu, Fei; Pokross, Matthew E.;
Patel, Vikram S.; Garver, Susan M.; Peng, Sean X.; Branch, Todd M.; King, Selane
L.; Baker, Timothy R.; Foltz, David J.; Mieling, Glen E. Journal of Medicinal
Chemistry (2001), 44(7), 1060-1071] or Pd(PPh3)2Cl2/CuI/Et3N at room temperature
in acetonitrile or THF [Thorand, Stephan; Krause, Norbert Journal of Organic
Chemistry (1998), 63(23), 8551-8553] (step a). Finally, alcohols 2 (R14 = OH) of
scheme 5 can be converted into compounds of formula 3 (R14 = OMesylate, O/?-
Tosylate, Halide or Triflate), e. g. by treatment with methanesulfonyl chloride or ptoluenesulfonyl
chloride in dichloromethane in the presence of a base like
triethylamine preferably in a temperature range between -20 °C and room temperature
or by treatment with thionyl chloride in dichloromethane at 0 °C to room temperature
or by reaction with carbon tetrachloride or carbon tetrabromide and
triphenylphosphine in solvents like tetrahydrofuran, preferably in a temperature range
between room temperature and the reflux temperature of the solvents or by treatment
with triflic anhydride, 2,6-lutidine and 4-dimethylaminopyridine in dichloromethane
between -30 °C and room temperature; thus yielding compounds of formula 3 as
methane-sulfonates, p-toluene sulfonates, chlorides, bromides or triflates, respectively
(step b). Deprotection of esters 2 (R14 = COOalkyl) or amines 2 (R14 = N-protected
NR13) yields acids 3 (R14 = COOH) or amines 3 (R14 = NHR13) and can be
accomplished using procedures well known in the art (step b). All reactions described
in scheme 5 are compatible with terminal alkynes, therefore in scheme 5 R12 can also
be a hydrogen atom.
Scheme 6
(Figure Removed)
Alpha mono- or di-substituted esters 2 (R10 and/or R'1 * H) can be synthesized
via treatment of esters 1 (R16 * H) with a base like LDA or HMDS in solvents like
tetrahydrofuran or 1,2-dimethoxyethane, followed by addition of one or sequentially
two different alkyl halides and one alkyne halide (o > 0) - optionally carrying a
protecting group - at temperatures between -78 °C and room temperature, optionally
using DMPU or HMPA as cosolvents (step a). To synthesize alkynes 2 with o being 0,
3-butynoic acid derivatives - optionally carrying a protecting group - can be alkylated
at the alpha carbon atom with R10- and/or R1'-alkyl halides by methods known in the
art. Deprotection if necessary, applying methods known to a person skilled in the art,
and Sonogashira coupling as described in step a of scheme 5 provides alkynes 3 (step
b). Alternatively, compounds 3 can be synthesized by reacting enolates of compounds
1 with compounds 3 of scheme 5 with R14 being a leaving group, e. g. a halide.
Hydrolysis of esters 3 gives access to acids 3 (R16 = H; acid building block 5 used in
scheme 3). Compounds 3 can be chiral and can optionally be separated into optically
pure antipodes by methods well known in the art, e. g. by chromatography on a chiral
HPLC column, or if R16 is equal to hydrogen by derivatization with an optically pure
alcohol to form esters, which can be separated by conventional HPLC chromatography
and then converted back to the enantiomerically pure acid. In addition, compounds 1
can be converted into chiral amides which can be used for asymmetric alkylation
reactions being well known to a person skilled in the art. Esters 3 can be reduced with
lithiumaluminium hydride at temperatures ranging from -78 °C to 0 °C, preferable at -
20 °C in solvents like THF to give alcohols 4 (R10> = R11' = H) (step c). Esters 3 (R16 *
H) can further be converted into tertiary alcohols 4 with R10 = R1' through reaction
with alkyl organometallic reagents, preferably using alkyl Grignard compounds in a
solvent like tetrahydrofuran or ether, preferably between -15 °C and the reflux
temperature of the solvent (step c); R10 and R11 represent substituents as defined
herein before for R10 and R11. Alcohols 4 with R10 not equal to R11 can be prepared
by a sequential procedure: i) saponification of esters 3 to the corresponding acids; ii)
treatment with R10 Li, optionally in the presence of a Cu(I) salt, in ether or
tetrahydrofuran to yield alkyl ketones -COR10; iii) subsequent reaction with R11 Li or
lithium aluminium hydride in ether or tetrahydrofuran (step c). In addition, esters 3
can be converted to secondary alcohols 4 (R10 * H; R11 = H) by a two step procedure:
i) reduction to the corresponding aldehydes by methods known in the art, e. g. by
treatment with diisobutylaluminium hydride at temperatures preferably around -70 °C;
ii) conversion of the aldehydes to the corresponding secondary alcohols 4 through
reaction with alkyl organometallic compounds, preferably under the conditions given
for the transformation of esters 3 to tertiary alcohols 4 described above (step c); this
step can optionally be carried out in enantioselective or diastereoselective fashion
using methods well known to a person skilled in the art. Alternatively, alkynes 2 can
first be reduced with lithiumaluminium hydride to form alcohols 5 (step d), which
undergo Sonogashira coupling reactions as discribed in step a of scheme 5 to yield
building blocks 4 (step e). Alcohols 4 and 5 can be converted to the activated building
blocks of formula 6 (R16 = OMesylate, Op-Tosylate, Halide or Triflate), e. g. by
treatment with methanesulfonyl chloride or p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in
dichloromethane in the presence of a base like triethylamine or pyridine, preferably in
a temperature range between -20 °C and room temperature possibly followed by
Finkelstein reaction with sodium iodide in 2-butanone at reflux temperature or by
treatment with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride/2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine in CHaCb
at 0 °C to give compounds 6 as methane-sulfonates, p-toluene-sulfonates, iodides or
inflates, respectively (step f). Compounds of formula 6 can further be converted to
amines 7 in solvents like DMA, DMF or dichloromethane via treatment with amines
R13NH2 optionally using a protecting group and an additional base e. g. sodium
hydride if BOC-protected amines are used (step g). All reactions described in scheme
6 are compatible with terminal alkynes, therefore in scheme 6 R12 can also be a
hydrogen atom.
Scheme 7
(Figure Removed)
Alcohols 1 (alcohols 2 in scheme 5 and alcohols 4 in scheme 6) comprising a
chain length m, n and o can be converted into analogues with a chain length ofm+l or
n+1 carbon atoms by methods well known in the art, e. g. by conversion of the
primary hydroxy group of 1 into a suitable leaving group, e. g. a halide 2 (step a),
followed by reaction with cyanide to form nitriles 3 (step b) and saponification to
yield acids 4 (step c). Acids 4 can be further transformed into primary alcohols 5 (R10
= R11 = H), e. g. via esterification and subsequent lithiumaluminium hydride
reduction (step d). Optionally, alcohols 5 can be elongated to a chain length of n+1
carbon atoms by repeating the reaction sequence described for the synthesis of
alcohols 5 from alcohols 1. Alcohol compounds 5 containing one or more chiral
centers can optionally be separated into optically pure enantiomers or diastereomers
by methods well known in the art, e. g. via HPLC chromatography, chromatography
on a chiral HPLC column, or by derivatization with an optically pure acid to form
esters, which can be separated by conventional HPLC chromatography. Alpha monoor
di-substituted acids 6 (R10 and/or R11 * H) can be synthesized via transforming
acids 4 into the corresponding esters, treating them with a base like LDA or HMDS in
solvents like tetrahydrofuran or 1,2-dimethoxyethane, followed by addition of one or
sequentially two different alkyl halides, a reaction preferably performed between
-78 °C and room temperature followed by ester hydrolysis to obtain acids 6 (step e).
The corresponding esters of acids 6 can serve as starting materials for the introduction
of additional substituents R10 and R11 as described in step c of scheme 6.
Compounds 6 can contain one or more stereocenters and can optionally be
separated into optically pure enantiomers or diastereomers by methods well known in
the art, e. g. by (chiral) HPLC chromatography, or by derivatization with an optically
pure alcohol to form esters, which can be separated by conventional HPLC
chromatography and then converted back to the enantiomerically pure acids 6. In
addition, compounds 4 can be converted into chiral amides which can be used for
asymmetric alkylation reactions being well known to a person skilled in the art.
Esterification of acids 6 and subsequent lithiumaluminium hydride reduction gives
alcohols 5 (step f). Alcohols 5 can be converted to activated building blocks of
formula 7 (R16 = OMesylate, Op-Tosylate, Halide or Triflate), e. g. by treatment with
methanesulfonyl chloride or p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in dichloromethane in the
presence of a base like triethylamine or pyridine preferably in a temperature range
between -20 °C and room temperature, optionally followed by Finkelstein reaction
with sodium iodide in 2-butanone at reflux temperature or by treatment with
trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride/2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine in C^Ch at 0 °C to give
compounds 7 as methane-sulfonates, p-toluene-sulfonates, iodides or triflates,
respectively (step g). Compounds of formula 7 can further be converted to amines 8 in
solvents like DMA, DMF or dichloromethane via treatment with amines R13NH2
optionally using a protecting group strategy (step h). Amines 8 can also be synthesized
from acids 4 or 6 via formation of the corresponding amide which is subsequently
reduced using methods well known to a person skilled in the art (step i). All reactions
described in scheme 7 are compatible with terminal alkynes (R12 = H) except for step
e where terminal alkynes need to be protected applying methods well known in the art,
e. g. the use of a trimethylsilyl protection group.
The following tests were carried out in order to determine the activity of the
compounds of formula (I).
(Figure Removed)
Background information on the performed assays can be found in: Nichols JS et
al. "Development of a scintillation proximity assay for peroxisome proliferatoractivated
receptor gamma ligand binding domain", (1998) Anal. Biochem. 257: 112-
119.
Full-length cDNA clones for humans PPAR6 and PPARcc and mouse PPARy
were obtained by RT-PCR from human adipose and mouse liver cRNA, respectively,
cloned into plasmid vectors and verified by DNA sequencing. Bacterial and
mammalian expression vectors were constructed to produce glutathione-s-transferase
(GST) and Gal4 DNA binding domain proteins fused to the ligand binding domains
(LBD) of PPAR8 (aa 139 to 442), PPARy (aa 174 to 476) and PPARcc (aa 167 to
469). To accomplish this, the portions of the cloned sequences encoding the LBDs
were amplified from the full-length clones by PCR and then subcloned into the
plasmid vectors. Final clones were verified by DNA sequence analysis.
Induction, expression, and purification of GST-LBD fusion proteins were
performed in E. coli strain BL21(pLysS) cells by standard methods (Ref: Current
Protocols in Molecular Biology, Wiley Press, edited by Ausubel et al.).
Radioligand Binding Assay
PPAR8 receptor binding was assayed in HNM10 (50mM Hepes, pH 7.4, 10 mM
NaCl, 5mM MgCl2, 0.15 mg/ml fatty acid-free BSA and 15 mM DTT). For each 96
well reaction a 500 ng equivalent of GST-PPAR8-LBD fusion protein and
radioligand, e.g. 20000 dpm {2-methyl-4-[4-methyl-2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-
thiazol-5-yl-ditritiomethylsulfanyl]-phenoxy}-acetic acid, was bound to 10 ug SPA
beads (PharmaciaAmersham) in a final volume of 50 ju.1 by shaking. The resulting
slurry was incubated for Ih at RT and centrifuged for 2 min at 1300g. The supernatant
containing unbound protein was removed and the semidry pellet containing the
receptor-coated beads was resuspended in 50 ul of HNM. Radioligand was added and
the reaction incubated at RT for Ih and scintillation proximity counting performed in
the presence of test compounds was determined. All binding assays were performed in
96 well plates and the amount of bound ligand was measured on a Packard TopCount
using OptiPlates (Packard). Dose response curves were done in triplicates within a
range of concentration from 10"'° M to 10"4 M.
PPARa receptor binding was assayed in TKE50 (50mM Tris-HCl, pH 8, 50
mM KC1, 2mM EDTA, 0.1 mg/ml fatty acid-free BSA and 10 mM DTT). For each 96
well reaction an 140 ng equivalent of GST-PPARa-LBD fusion protein was bound to
10 (ig SPA beads (PharmaciaAmersham) in a final volume of 50 u.1 by shaking. The
resulting slurry was incubated for In at RT and centrifuged for 2 min at 1300g. The
supernatant containing unbound protein was removed and the semidry pellet containig
the recptor-coated beads was resolved in 50 ul of TKE. For radioligand binding e.g.
10000 dpm of 2(S)-(2-benzoyl-phenylamino)-3-{4-[l,l-ditritio-2-(5-methyl-2-phenyloxazol-
4-yl)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid or 2,3-ditritio-2(S)-methoxy-3-{4-[2-(5-
methyl-2-phenyl-oxazol-4-yl)-ethoxy]-benzo[b]thiophen-7-yl}-propionic acid in 50 ul
were added, the reaction incubated at RT for Ih and scintillation proximity counting
performed. All binding assays were performed in 96 well plates and the amount of
bound ligand measured on a Packard TopCount using OptiPlates (Packard).
Nonspecific binding was determined in the presence of 10"4 M unlabelled compound.
Dose response curves were done in triplicates within a range of concentration from 10"
10MtolO-4M.
PPARy receptor binding was assayed in TKE50 (50mM Tris-HCl, pH 8, 50 mM
KC1, 2mM EDTA, 0.1 mg/ml fatty acid-free BSA and 10 mM DTT). For each 96 well
reaction an 140 ng equivalent of GST-PPARy-LBD fusion protein was bound to 10 jag
SPA beads (PharmaciaAmersham) in a final volume of 50 ul by shaking. The
resulting slurry was incubated for Ih at RT and centrifuged for 2 min at 1300g. The
supernatant containing unbound protein was removed and the semidry pellet containig
the recptor-coated beads was resolved in 50 ul of TKE. For radioligand binding e.g.
10000 dpm 2(S)-(2-benzoyl-phenylamino)-3-{4-[ 1,1 -ditritio-2-(5-methyl-2-phenyloxazol-
4-yl)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid in 50 u.1 were added, the reaction
incubated at RT for Ih and scintillation proximity counting performed. All binding
assays were performed in 96 well plates and the amount of bound ligand measured on
a Packard TopCount using OptiPlates (Packard). Nonspecific binding was determined
in the presence of 10"4 M unlabelled compound. Dose response curves were done in
triplicates within a range of concentration from 10"10 M to 10"4 M.
Luciferase Transcriptional Reporter Gene Assays
Baby hamster kidney cells (BHK21 ATCC CCL10) were grown in DMEM
medium containing 10% FBS at 37 °C in a 95%O2:5%CO2 atmosphere. Cells were
seeded in 6 well plates at a density of 10s Cells/well and then batch-transfected with
either the pFA-PPAR5-LBD, pFA-PPARy-LBD or pFA-PPARa-LBD expression
plasm ids plus a reporter plasmid. Transfection was accomplished with the Fugene 6
reagent (Roche Molecular Biochemicals) according to the suggested protocol. Six
hours following transfection, the cells were harvested by trypsinization and seeded in
96 well plates at a density of 104 cells/well. After 24 hours to allow attachment of
cells, the medium was removed and replaced with 100 ul of phenol red-free medium
containing the test substances or control ligands (final DMSO concentration: 0.1%).
Following incubation of the cells for 24 hours with substances, 50 uJ of the
supernatant was discarded and then 50 ^1 of Luciferase Constant-Light Reagent
(Roche Molecular Biochemicals) to lyse the cells and initiate the luciferase reaction
was added. Luminescence for luciferase was measured in a Packard TopCount.
Transcriptional activation in the presence of a test substance was expressed as foldactivation
over cells incubated in the absence of the substance. EC50 values were
calculated using the XLfit program (ID Business Solutions Ltd. UK).
The free acids of the compounds of the present invention (R1 is hydrogen)
exhibit IC50 values of 0.1 nM to 10 ^M, preferably 1 nM to 500 nM for PPARS and/or
IC50 values of 1 nM to 10 jaM , preferably 10 nM to 500 nM for PPARct.
Compounds, in which R1 is not hydrogen are converted in vivo to compounds in
which R1 is hydrogen. The following table shows measured values for some selected
compounds of the present invention.
(Table Removed)
The compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and
esters can be used as medicaments, e.g. in the form of pharmaceutical preparations for
enteral, parenteral or topical administration. They can be administered, for example,
perorally, e.g. in the form of tablets, coated tablets, drage"es, hard and soft gelatine
capsules, solutions, emulsions or suspensions, rectally, e.g. in the form of
suppositories, parenterally, e.g. in the form of injection solutions or infusion solutions,
or topically, e.g. in the form of ointments, creams or oils.
The production of the pharmaceutical preparations can be effected in a manner
which will be familiar to any person skilled in the art by bringing the described
compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable, into a galenical
administration form together with suitable, non-toxic, inert, therapeutically
compatible solid or liquid carrier materials and, if desired, usual pharmaceutical
adjuvants.
Suitable carrier materials are not only inorganic carrier materials, but also
organic carrier materials. Thus, for example, lactose, corn starch or derivatives
thereof, talc, stearic acid or its salts can be used as carrier materials for tablets, coated
tablets, drag6es and hard gelatine capsules. Suitable carrier materials for soft gelatine
capsules are, for example, vegetable oils, waxes, fats and semi-solid and liquid
polyols (depending on the nature of the active ingredient no carriers are, however,
required in the case of soft gelatine capsules). Suitable carrier materials for the
production of solutions and syrups are, for example, water, polyols, sucrose, invert
sugar and the like. Suitable carrier materials for injection solutions are, for example,
water, alcohols, polyols, glycerol and vegetable oils. Suitable carrier materials for
suppositories are, for example, natural or hardened oils, waxes, fats and semi-liquid or
liquid polyols. Suitable carrier materials for topical preparations are glycerides, semisynthetic
and synthetic glycerides, hydrogenated oils, liquid waxes, liquid paraffins,
liquid fatty alcohols, sterols, polyethylene glycols and cellulose derivatives.
Usual stabilizers, preservatives, wetting and emulsifying agents, consistencyimproving
agents, flavour-improving agents, salts for varying the osmotic pressure,
buffer substances, solubilizers, colorants and masking agents and antioxidants come
into consideration as pharmaceutical adjuvants.
The dosage of the compounds of formula (I) can vary within wide limits
depending on the disease to be controlled, the age and the individual condition of the
patient and the mode of administration, and will, of course, be fitted to the individual
requirements in each particular case. For adult patients a daily dosage of about 1 mg to
about 1000 mg, especially about 1 mg to about 100 mg, comes into consideration.
Depending on the dosage it is convenient to administer the daily dosage in several
dosage units.
The pharmaceutical preparations conveniently contain about 0.1-500 mg,
preferably 0.5-100 mg, of a compound of formula (I).
The following examples serve to illustrate the present invention in more detail.
They are, however, not intended to limit its scope in any manner.
Examples
Abbreviations:
AcOEt = ethyl acetate, DIBAL-H = diisobutylaluminum hydride, DMF = N,Ndimethylformamide,
DMPU = l,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(lH)-pyrimidinone,
DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide, h = hour(s), HMDS = hexamethyl disilazane, HMPA =
hexamethylphosphortriamide, HPLC = high performance liquid chromatography,
LDA = lithium diisopropylamide, PdCl2(PhaP)2 = dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)
palladium(II), Pd(PhsP)4 = tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, quant. =
quantitative, RT = room temperature, THF = tetrahydrofuran.
Example 1
a] 5 -(4-Trifluoromethoxv-phenvl)-pent-4-vn-1 -ol
A mixture of l-iodo-4-trifluoromethoxy-benzene (5 g, 17 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (973 mg,
1 mmol) and cuprous iodide (160 mg, 1 mmol) in piperidine (130 ml) was stirred for
30 min at 50 °C under an argon atmosphere. 4-Pentyn-l-ol (2.13 g, 25 mmol) was
added within 60 min at 50 °C. The temperature was raised to 80 °C and the mixture
was stirred for 3 h at this temperature. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient
temperature, poored into a solution of saturated aqueous 10% KHSCVice water 1/1
and extracted two times with tert butyl methyl ether. The combined extracts were
washed with water and brine (two times) and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent
was removed under reduced pressure and the residue purified by column
chromatography (silica gel, heptane/AcOEt) to give 3.4 g (13.9 mmol, 83 %) of the
title compound as orange oil.
MS: 244.2 (M)+.
b] £6-(tert-Butvl-dimethvl-silanvloxv)-indol-l-vl]-acetic acid ethyl ester
To an ice cold solution of 6-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-lH-indole (1 g, 4.04
mmol) and cesium carbonate (1.45 g, 4.45 mmol) in DMF (10 ml) under an argon
atmosphere was added bromo-acetic acid ethyl ester (490 (j.1,4.45 mmol). The mixture
was naturally warmed to room temperature, stirred for 14 h, poured onto 1 N HC I/ice
water 1/1 and extracted two times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers
were washed with water and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed
under reduced pressure and the residue purified by column chromatography (silica gel,
heptane/AcOEt) to give 1.2 g (3.6 mmol, 89 %) of the title compound as yellow oil.
MS: 334.3 (M+H)+.
c] (fi-Hydroxv-indol-l-ylVacetic acid ethyl ester
To an ice cold solution of [6-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-indol-l-yl]-acetic acid
ethyl ester (1.15 g, 3.45 mmol) in THF (11.5 ml) was added a 1 M solution of
tetrabutylammonium fluoride in THF (3.45 ml, 3.45 mmol) within 15 min. The
reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at ambient temperature, poured onto 1 N HCl/ice
water 1/1 and extracted two times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers
were washed with brine/ice water 1/1 and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was
removed under reduced pressure and the residue purified by column chromatography
(silica gel, heptane/AcOEt) to give 590 mg (2.7 mmol, 78 %) of the title compound as
colorless crystals.
MS: 219.0 (M)+
5 146.0.
d] l6-[5-(4-Trifluoromethoxv-phenvlVpent-4-vnyloxy]-indol-l-vl}-acetic acid ethyl
ester
To an ice cold solution of (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester (100 mg,
455 (imol), 5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-yn-l-ol (lllmg, 455 jimol) and
tributylphosphine (160 ul, 546 fj,mol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) was added
N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl azodicarboxamide (94 mg, 546 j^mol). The cooling bath was
removed and stirring continued for 14 h. The mixture was filtered over celite and the
solvent removed under reduced pressure to give a yellow oil which was purified by
column chromatography (silica gel, heptane/AcOEt) to obtain 65 mg (150 ^mol, 32
%) of the title compound as colorless oil.
MS: 446.0 (M+H)+.
e] l6-[5-(4-Trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-pent-4-vnvloxy]-indol-1 -vll-acetic acid
To a solution of {6-[5-(4-trifluorornethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic
acid ethyl ester (30 mg, 67 umol) in THF/methanol 2/1 (1.5 ml) was added 1 N
aqueous LiOH solution (400 ul). The reaction mixture was stirred for 14 h at ambient
temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in 1
N HCl/ice water 1/1 and ethyl acetate, the layers were separated and the aqueous layer
was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with ice
water/brine 1/1, dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was evaporated in vacuo to
give the title compound (28 mg, 67 ^mol, quant.) as brown crystals.
MS:418.3(M+H)+.
Example 2
a] 5 -(3 -Trifluoromethoxv-phenvl')-pent-4-vn-1 -ol
In analogy to the procedure described in example 1 a], l-iodo-3-trifluoromethoxybenzene
was reacted with 4-pentyn-l-ol in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 and cuprous
iodide to give the title compound as red oil.
MS: 245.3 (M+H)+.
b] {6-[5-(3-Trifluoromethoxy-phenvlVpent-4-vnyloxy]-indol-l-vU-acetic acid ethyl
ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 d], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester (example 1 c]) was reacted with 5-(3-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-
4-yn-l-ol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl azodicarboxamide and
tributylphosphine to give the title compound as colorless oil.
MS: 446.1 (M+H)+.
cl (6-[5-(3-Trifluoromethoxy-phenvn-pent-4-ynvloxv]-indol-1 -yl}-acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 e], {6-[5-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester was treated with LiOH to
obtain the title compound as green crystals.
MS:418.4(M+H)+.
Example 3
a] 5-(4-Trifluoromethvl-phenvn-pent-4-vn-1 -ol
In analogy to the procedure described in example 1 a], l-iodo-4-trifluoromethylbenzene
was reacted with 4-pentyn-l-ol in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 and cuprous
iodide to give the title compound as yellow oil.
MS: 228.2 (M)+.
b] l6-r5-(4-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pent-4-vnyloxv]-indol-l-vU-acetic acid ethyl
ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 d], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester (example 1 c]) was reacted with 5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pent-4-
yn-l-ol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl azodicarboxamide and
tributylphosphine to give the title compound as yellow oil.
MS: 430.5 (M+H)+.
c] (6-[5-(4-Trifluoromethvl-phenyl)-pent-4-vnvloxy]-indol-l-vl}-acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 e], {6-[5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester was treated with LiOH to
obtain the title compound as off-white crystals.
MS: 402.5 (M+H)+.
Example 4
a] S-O-Trifluoromethvl-phenvn-penM-vn-l-ol
In analogy to the procedure described in example 1 a], l-iodo-3-trifluoromethylbenzene
was reacted with 4-pentyn-l-ol in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 and cuprous
iodide to give the title compound as brown oil.
MS: 228.2 (M)+.
b] l6-[5-(3-Trifluoromethvl-phenvn-pent-4-vnyloxy]-indol-l-vU-acetic acid ethyl
ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 d], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester (example 1 c]) was reacted with 5-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pent-4-
yn-l-ol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl azodicarboxamide and
tributylphosphine to give the title compound as yellow oil.
MS: 430.5 (M+H)+.
cl l6-r5-(3-Trifluoromethvl-phenvn-pent-4-vnvloxv1-indol-l-vU-acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 e], {6-[5-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester was treated with LiOH to
obtain the title compound as off-white crystals.
MS: 402.3 (M+H)+.
Example 5
a| [4-(tert-Butvl-dimethvl-siIanvloxv')-indol-l-vl]-acetic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described in example 1 b], 4-(tert-butyl-dimethylsilanyloxy)-
lH-indole was reacted with bromo-acetic acid ethyl ester in the presence
of cesium carbonate to give the title compound as yellow oil.
b] (4-Hvdroxv-indol-l-vl')-acetic acid ethvl ester
In analogy to the procedure described in example 1 c], [4-(tert-butyl-dimethylsilanyloxy)-
indol-l-yl]-acetic acid ethyl ester was treated with tetrabutylammonium
fluoride in THF to give the title compound as colorless crystals.
MS: 220.4 (M+H)+.
c] (4-[5-(4-Trifluoromethoxy-phenvl)-pent-4-ynvloxv]-indol-l-vl} -acetic acid ethvl
ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 d], (4-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester was reacted with 5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-yn-l-ol in the
presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl azodicarboxamide and tributylphosphine to give
the title compound as colorless crystals.
MS:446.1(M+H)+.
d] (4-[5-(4-Trifluoromethoxv-phenvlVpent-4-ynvloxvl-indol-l-yU-aceticacid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 e], {4-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl} -acetic acid ethyl ester was treated with LiOH to
obtain the title compound as colorless crystals.
MS: 416.4 (M-H)'.
Example 6
a] 5-ftert-Burvl-dimethvl-silanvloxv)-1 H-indole
A solution of 5-hydroxy-indole (5 g, 38 mmol), tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (6.13
g, 39.4 mmol) and imidazole (5.37 g, 68.1 mmol) in DMF (50 ml) was stirred for 20 h
at RT. Diethyl ether was added and the mixture was washed wih IN HC1 and water.
The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced
pressure to give 9.4 g (38 mmol, quant.) 5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-lH-indole.
MS:248.1(M+H)+.
b] [5-(tert-Butvl-dimethvl-silanvloxvVindol-l-vl]-acetic acid ethyl ester
A suspension of 5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-lH-indole (9.2 g, 37.2 mmol),
ethyl bromoacetate (4.79 ml, 40.9 mmol) and cesium carbonate (36.4 g, 111.5 mmol)
in DMF (140 ml) was stirred for 3 h at RT. Diethyl ether was added and the mixture
was washed with IN HC1 and water, and dried over sodium sulfate. The ether phase
was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 12.9 g (quant.) of [5-(tert-butyldimethyl-
silanyloxy)-indol-l-yl]-acetic acid ethyl ester which was used in the next
step without further purification.
MS:334.1(M+H)+.
c] (5-Hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester
To an ice cold solution of [5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-indol-l-yl]-acetic acid
ethyl ester (12.9 g, 38.7 mmol) in THF (130 ml) was added tetrabutylammonium
fluoride hydrate (12.5 g, 38.7 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at RT,
diluted with diethyl ether and washed with IN HC1 and water. Evaporation of the
solvent under reduced pressure gave 7.07 g (32.2 mmol, 83 %) (5-hydroxy-indol-lyl)-
acetic acid ethyl ester.
MS:220.1(M+H)+.
d] (5-[5-(4-Trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-vnvloxy]-indol-l-vl)-acetic acid ethyl
ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 d], (5-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester was reacted with 5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-yn-l-ol in the
presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl azodicarboxamide and tributylphosphine to give
the title compound as yellow crystals.
MS: 446.1 (M+H)+.
e] (5-[5-(4-Trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynvloxv]-indol-l-vU-aceticacid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 e], {5-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester was treated with LiOH to
obtain the title compound as red crystals.
MS:418.1(M+H)+.
Example 7
a] 2.2-Dimethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvl)-pent-4-vn-l -ol
A mixture of l-iodo-4-trifluoromethoxy-benzene (3.56 g, 12 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (578
mg, 0.5 mmol) and cuprous iodide (95 mg, 0.5 mmol) in piperidine (40 ml) was
degassed (Ar) and stirred for 30 min at 50 °C under an argon atmosphere. 2,2-
Dimethyl-pent-4-yn-l-ol (1.25 g, 10 mmol, 90 % purity) [Magnus, Philip; Slater,
Martin J.; Principe, Lawrence M. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1989), 54(21), 5148-
5153] in piperidine (20 ml) was added within 60 min at 50 °C. During the addition the
oil bath temperature was slowly raised to 80 °C starting after 30 min. The mixture was
stirred for 2 h at this temperature. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient
temperature, poured into a solution of aqueous 10% KHSCVice water 1/1 and
extracted two times with ether. The combined extracts were washed with aqueous 10
% KHSC>4 and aqueous 10 % NaCl and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was
removed under reduced pressure and the residue purified by flash chromatography
(silica gel, heptane/AcOEt 2:1 to 1:1) to give 1.91 g (7 mmol, 70 %) of the title
compound as yellow oil.
MS: 272.2 (M)+.
b] (6-{2.2-Dimethvl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvl)-pent-4-vnvloxy]-indol-l-vl)-
acetic acid ethyl ester
To an ice cold solution of 2,2-dimethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-yn-l-ol
(50 mg, 0.18 mmol) in dichloromethane (180 ^il) was added trifluoromethanesulfonic
anhydride (30 \i\, 0.2 mmol) and 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine (50 jal, 0.22 mmol) under an
argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h while the temperature rose
from 0 °C to ambient temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure
and the residue dissolved in acetonitrile (0.6 ml). The obtained solution was added to
a suspension of (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester (40 mg, 0.18 mmol;
example 1 c]) and cesium carbonate (126 mg, 0.39 mmol) in acetonitrile (1.2 ml). The
reaction mixture was stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature and for 1 h under reflux
conditions. The residue was filtered off and washed with acetonitrile. The filtrate was
brought to dryness under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in
dichloromethane. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the remaining
brown oil was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, heptane/AcOEt) to give 35
mg (70 umol, 40 %) of the title compound as colorless oil.
MS: 474.3 (M+H)+.
c] (6-[2.2-Dimethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenyl)-pent-4-vnvloxv1-indol-1 -vl} -
acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 e], {6-[2,2-dimethyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester was
treated with LiOH to obtain the title compound as brown oil.
MS: 446.3 (M+H)+.
Example 8
a] S-G-Trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-penM-vnoic acid benzyl ester
To a degassed (Ar) solution of l-iodo-3-trifluoromethoxy-benzene (0.54 ml, 3 mmol)
in acetonitrile (30 ml) was added pent-4-ynoic acid benzyl ester (719 mg, 4 mmol; A.
Rosowsky, R. A. Forsch, F. S. Queener, J. Med. Chem. 2003, 46, 1726-1736),
PdCl2(Ph3P)2 (122 mg, 0.17 mmol), cuprous iodide (33 mg, 0.17 mmol) and
triethylamine (1.45 ml, 10 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 2.5 h at
ambient temperature, poured into a solution of aqueous 10 % KHSCVice water 1/1
and extracted two times with ether. The combined extracts were washed with aqueous
10 % KHSO4 and aqueous 10 % NaCl and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was
removed under reduced pressure and the residue purified by flash chromatography
(silica gel, heptane/AcOEt) to give 1.13 g (3.2 mmol, 93 %) of the title compound as
yellow oil.
MS: 349.5 (M+H)+.
b] 5-(3-Trifluoromethoxv-phenyr)-pent-4-vnoic acid
To a solution of 5-(3-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynoic acid benzyl ester (500
mg, 1.4 mmol) in THF/methanol 2/1 (13.5 ml) was added IN aqueous LiOH solution
(8.6 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at ambient temperature and
concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in 1 N NaOH/ice
water 1/1 and ethyl acetate and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was
brought to pH 1 with 1 N HC1 and extracted two times with ethyl acetate. The
combined extracts were washed with ice water/brine 1/1, dried over sodium sulfate
and the solvent was evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (370 mg, 1.4
mmol, quant.) as colorless crystals.
MS: 257.0 (M-H)'.
c] (6-[5-(3-Trifluoromethoxy-phenvl)-pent-4-vnovlamino]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid
ethyl ester
A mixture of (6-amino-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester (100 mg, 0.46 mmol; WO
2003041714 Al), 5-(3-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynoic acid (115 mg, 0.44
mmol), l-[3-(dimethylamino)-propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (90 mg,
0.46 mmol) and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (57 mg, 0.46 mmol) in dichloromethane
(1.5 ml) was stirred for 14 h at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted
with dichloromethane, successively washed with 1 N HC1, brine, 1 N NaOH and
brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed under reduced
pressure and the residue purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, heptane/AcOEt)
to give 152 mg (0.33 mmol, 72 %) of the title compound as off-white crystals.
MS: 459.4 (M+H)+.
d] (6-IMethvl-[5-(3-trifluoromethoxv-phenvl)-pent-4-vnovl]-aminol-indol-l-vnacetic
acid
{6-[5-(3-Trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynoylamino]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl
ester (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) was added to a suspension of sodium hydride (9 mg, 0.22
mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (1.5 ml) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred for 30 min at 0 °C,
methyl iodide (30 \il, 0.44 mmol) was added and stirring was continued for 14 h at
ambient temperature. The suspension was cooled to 0 °C, sodium hydride (13 mg,
0.33 mmol) and methyl iodide (45 joi, 0.66 mmol) were added and the mixture was
stirred for 4 h at ambient temperature. Ethyl acetate was added, the solution was
successively washed with brine, 1 N HCl/ice water 1/1 and brine and dried over
sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give 42 mg
(0.09 mmol, 82 %) of the title compound as yellow solid.
MS: 445.4 (M+H)+.
Example 9
al Methanesulfonic acid 5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenyn-pent-4-ynyl ester
To an ice-cooled solution of 5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-yn-l-ol (2.02 g,.
8.3 mmol; example 1 a]) and EtaN (1.73 ml, 12.4 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 ml)
was added methanesulfonyl chloride (0.67 ml, 8.7 mmol) within 15 min keeping the
temperatue at 0-10 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h 15 min. Water
was added and after 5 min, the reaction was partitioned between ether and water. The
aqueous layer was extracted again with ether (2x), the organic phases were washed
with aqueous 10 % NaCl, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated to yield 2.5 g (7.7 mmol,
93 %) of the title compound as light brown oil.
MS:322.1(M)+.
bl (6-[5-(4-Trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-pent-4-vnvlamino1-indol-l-vU-acetic acid ethyl
ester
A suspension of (6-amino-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester (50 mg, 0.23 mmol, WO
2003041714 Al), methanesulfonic acid 5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyl
ester (148 mg, 0.46 mmol) and potassium carbonate (63 mg, 0.46 mmol) in DMF (1
ml) was stirred for 3 h at ambient temperature and for 14 h at 70 °C. The reaction
mixture was poured onto ethyl acetate/ice water 1/1, the layers were separated and the
aqueous layer was extracted two times with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were
washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was removed under
reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel,
heptane/AcOEt) to give 16 mg (0.03 mmol, 15 %) of the title compound as yellow oil.
MS: 445.4 (M+H)+.
c] {6-[5-(4-Trifluoromethoxv-phenvlVpent-4-vnvlamino]-indol-l-vU-acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 e], {6-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
pent-4-ynylamino]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester was treated with LiOH
to obtain the title compound as green solid.
MS:415.2(M-H)'.
Example 10
a] 5-(4-Trifluoromethoxy-phenvn-pent-4-vnoic acid methyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 8 a], pent-4-ynoic acid methyl ester
(W. D. Wulff, S. J. McCallum, F. A. Kunng, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 7419-
7434) was reacted with l-iodo-4-trifluoromethoxy-benzene in the presence of
and cuprous iodide to give the title compound as brown oil.
MS:272.1(M)+.
b] 5-(4-Trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-pent-4-vnoic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 e], 5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
pent-4-ynoic acid methyl ester was treated with LiOH to obtain the title
compound as brown crystals.
MS: 256.9 (M-H)".
c] (6-r5-(4-Trifluoromethoxv-phenvlVpent-4-vnovlamino]-indol- 1 -vl) -acetic acid
ethvl ester
In analogy to the procedure described in example 8 c], (6-amino-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester (WO 2003041714 Al) was reacted with 5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
pent-4-ynoic acid in the presence of l-[3-(dimethylamino)-propyl]-3-
ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine to give the title
compound as brown crystals.
MS: 459.5 (M+H)+.
d] _ (6-(Methvl-[5-f4-trifluoromethoxy-phenvn-pent-4-vnovl]-amino)-indol-l-ynacetic
acid
In analogy to the procedure described in example 8 d], {6-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
pent-4-ynoylamino]-indol-l-yl} -acetic acid ethyl ester was reacted with
methyl iodide in the presence of sodium hydride to give the title compound as brown
liquid.
MS: 443.4 (M-Hy.
Example 11
a] £7-(tert-BuWl-dirnethvl-silanvloxv)-indol-l-yl]-acetic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described in example 6 b], 7-(tert-butyl-dimethylsilanyloxy)-
lH-indole (EP 206225 A2) was reacted with ethyl bromoacetate in the
presence of cesium carbonate in acetonitrile to give the title compound as colorless
liquid.
MS: 334.1 (M+H)+.
b] (7-Hvdroxv-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described in example 6 c], [7-(tert-butyl-dimethylsilanyloxy)-
indol-l-yl]-acetic acid ethyl ester was treated with tetrabutylammonium
fluoride hydrate to give the title compound as colorless solid.
MS:220.1(M+H)+.
c] (7-[5-(4-Trifluoromethoxv-phenyl)-pent-4-vnvloxvl-indol-l-vU-acetic acid ethyl
ester
A suspension of (7-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester (50 mg, 0.23 mmol),
methanesulfonic acid 5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyl ester (74 mg,
0.23 mmol; example 9 a]), cesium carbonate (82 mg, 0.25 mmol) and a trace of
potassium iodide in acetonitrile (2.5 ml) was stirred for 14 h at ambient temperature
and for 4 h at 50 °C. The reaction mixture was poured onto 1 N HCl/ice water 1/1 and
extracted two times with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were washed with
brine, dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.
The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, heptane/AcOEt) to give
16 mg (0.04 mmol, 16 %) of the title compound as colorless oil.
MS: 446.3 (M+H)*.
d] {7-[5-(4-Trifluoromethoxv-phenvl)-pent-4-vnvloxv]-indol-l-vU-aceticacid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 e], {7-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester was treated with LiOH to
obtain the title compound as brown liquid.
MS:418.1(M+H)+.
Example 12
a] [rac]-2-(6-[5-(4-Trifluoromethoxv-phenyl')-pent-4-ynyloxv]-indol-l-vU-propionic
acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described in example 11 c], [rac]-2-(6-hydroxy-indol-lyl)-
propionic acid ethyl ester (GB 2253848 Al) was reacted with methanesulfonic
acid 5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyl ester (example 9 a]) in the presence of
cesium carbonate and potassium iodide to give the title compound as colorless liquid.
MS: 460.4 (M+H)+.
b] [rac]-2-(6-[5-(4-Trifluorornethoxv-phenvn-pent-4-vnvloxv]-indol-l-vU-propionic
acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 e], [rac]-2-{6-[5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-propionic acid ethyl ester was
treated with LiOH to obtain the title compound as yellow oil.
MS: 432.5 (M+H)+.
Example 13
a] 2-( lH-Indol-6-vn-N-prop-2-ynyl-acetamide
1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (614 mg, 4.5 mmol), 4-ethylmorpholine (320 nl, 2.5 mmol),
propargylamine (160 u.1, 2.5 mmol) and l-[3-(dimethylamino)-propyl]-3-
ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (523 mg, 2.7 mmol) were added to an ice cold
solution of (lH-indol-6-yl)-acetic acid (640 mg, 2.2 mmol; US 4894386 A) in
tetrahydrofuran (6.4 ml). The solution was naturally warmed to ambient temperature
and stirred for 14 h. Ice water/brine 1/1 was added and the mixture was extracted two
times with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were successively washed with 1
N HC1, brine, 1 N NaOH and brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was
removed under reduced pressure to give brown crystals which were recrystallized
from heptane/ dichloromethane to give 380 mg (1.8 mmol, 80 %) of the title
compound as colorless crystals.
MS: 213.4 (M+H)+.
bl 2-(lH-Indol-6-vn-N-r3-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvl)-prop-2-vnvl1-acetamide
In analogy to the procedure described for example 8 a], 2-(lH-indol-6-yl)-N-prop-2-
ynyl-acetamide was reacted with 4-(trifluoromethoxy)-iodobenzene in the presence of
and cuprous iodide to give the title compound as colorless crystals.
MS: 373.0 (M+H)+.
c] ( 6- ( [3 -f 4-Trifluoromethoxv-phenvl Vprop-2-vnvlcarbamoyl] -methyl } -indo I- 1 -vDacetic
acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 b], 2-(lH-indol-6-yl)-N-[3-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-prop-2-ynyl]-acetamide was reacted with bromo-acetic acid
ethyl ester in the presence of cesium carbonate and potassium iodide in acetonitrile
under reflux conditions to give the title compound as off-white solid.
MS:459.1(M+H)+.
d] (6-|f3-(4-Trifluoromethoxv-phenvl')-prop-2-vnvlcarbamovl]-methvU-indol-l-vl)-
acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 e], (6-{[3-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-
prop-2-ynylcarbamoyl]-methyl}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester was treated
with LiOH to obtain the title compound as off-white solid.
MS:431.4(M+H)+.
Example 14
a] 2-( 1 H-mdol-6-vlVN-[3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenylVprop-2-vnyl]-acetamide
In analogy to the procedure described for example 8 a], 2-(lH-indol-6-yl)-N-prop-2-
ynyl-acetamide (example 13 a]) was reacted with 4-iodobenzotrifiuoride in the
presence of PdChCPhsP^ and cuprous iodide to give the title compound as colorless
crystals.
MS:357.1(M+H)+.
b] (6- ( r3-(4-Trifluoromethvl-phenvlVprop-2-vnvlcarbamovl]-methvl } -indol- 1 -vl)-
acetic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 b], 2-(lH-indol-6-yl)-N-[3-(4-
trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-prop-2-ynyl]-acetamide was reacted with bromo-acetic acid
ethyl ester in the presence of cesium carbonate and potassium iodide in acetonitrile
under reflux conditions to give the title compound as colorless oil.
MS: 443.5 (M+H)+.
c] (6-([3-(4-Trifluoromethvl-phenylVprop-2-vnvlcarbamovl]-methvl}-indol-l-yl')-
acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 e], (6-{[3-(4-trifIuoromethylphenyl)-
prop-2-ynylcarbamoyl] -methyl }-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester was treated
with LiOH to obtain the title compound as off-white crystals.
MS: 415.3 (M+H)+.
Example 15
a] 5-(4-Trifluoromethvl-phenvn-pent-4-vnoic acid benzyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 8 a], pent-4-ynoic acid benzyl ester
(Rosowsky, Andre; Forsch, Ronald A.; Queener, Sherry F., Journal of Medicinal
Chemistry (2003), 46(9), 1726-1736) was reacted with 4-iodobenzotrifluoride in the
presence of PdCbCPhaP^ and cuprous iodide to give the title compound as yellow oil.
MS:332.1(M)+.
b] 5-(4-Trifluoromethvl-phenvn-pent-4-vnoic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 e], 5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-
pent-4-ynoic acid benzyl ester was treated with LiOH to obtain the title compound as
off-white solid.
MS:241.2(M-H)-.
c] 5-(4-Trifluoromethvl-phenvl')-pent-4-vnoic acid (lH-indol-6-ylmethvn-amide
In analogy to the procedure described for example 13 a], 5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-
pent-4-ynoic acid was reacted with 6-aminoethyl-lH-indole in the presence of 1-
hydroxybenzotriazole, 4-ethylmorpholine and l-[3-(dimethylamino)-propyl]-3-
ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride to give the title compound as colorless crystals.
MS:371.1(M+H)+.
d] (6-ir5-(4-Trifluoromethvl-phenyn-pent-4-vnovlamino]-methvl}-indol-l-vl')-acetic
acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 b], 5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-
pent-4-ynoic acid (lH-indol-6-ylmethyl)-amide was reacted with bromo-acetic acid
ethyl ester in the presence of cesium carbonate and potassium iodide in acetonitrile
under reflux conditions to give the title compound as off-white crystals.
MS: 457.5 (M+H)+.
e] [6-({Methyl-[5-(4-trifluoromethvl-phenvl)-pent-4-vnovl]-amino}-methvl)-indol-1 -
vl]-acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described in example 8 d], (6-{[5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-
pent-4-ynoylamino]-methyl}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester was reacted
with methyl iodide in the presence of sodium hydride to give the title compound as
yellow foam.
MS: 443.5 (M+H)+.
Example 16
a] [3-(4-Trifluoromethoxv-phenvlVprop-2-vnvl]-carbamic acid tert-butvl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 8 a], tert-butyl 2-
propynylcarbamate was reacted with l-iodo-4-trifluoromethoxy-benzene in the
presence of PdChCPhsP^ and cuprous iodide to give the title compound as yellow
crystals.
MS:315.2(M)+.
b] Methvl-[3-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-prop-2-vnvl1-carbamic acid tert-butvl ester
[3-(4-Trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-prop-2-ynyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (500 mg,
1.6 mmol) was added to an ice cold solution of iodomethane (100 (j,l, 1.7 mmol) and
sodium hydride (73 mg, 1.7 mmol; 55 % suspension in mineral oil) in DMF (5 ml).
The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 h at ambient temperature, cooled to 0 °C and
carefully quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution. Ice
water/ethyl acetate 1/1 were added, the layers were separated and the aqueous layer
was extracted two times with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were washed with
brine and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure
and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, heptane/AcOEt) to
give 258 mg (0.8 mmol, 49 %) of the title compound as yellow oil.
MS: 330.2 (M+H)+.
cl Methvl-J3-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvlVprop-2-vnvl]-amine
A 4 M solution of HCI in dioxane (330 jal, 1 mmol) was added at ambient temperature
to a solution of methyl-[3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-prop-2-ynyl]-carbamic acid
tert-butyl ester (50 mg, 0.15 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.5 ml). The reaction mixture
was stirred for 3 h at ambient temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced
pressure and the residue crystallized from dichloromethane/heptane to yield 20 mg (90
umol, 57 %) of the title compound as brown crystals.
MS: 230.3 (M+H)+.
d] 2-(lH-Indol-6-vn-N-methvl-N-f3-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-prop-2-vnvl]-
acetamide
In analogy to the procedure described for example 13 a], (lH-indol-6-yl)-acetic acid
(US 4894386 A) was reacted with methyl-[3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-prop-2-
ynyl]-amine in the presence of_l-hydroxybenzotriazole, 4-ethylmorpholine and l-[3-
(dimethylamino)-propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride to give the title
compound as orange oil.
MS:387.1(M+H)+.
el [6-(IMethvl-r3-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenyn-prop-2-vnvl]-carbamovn-methynindol-
1-yl]-acetic acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 b], 2-(lH-indol-6-yl)-N-methyl-
N-[3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-prop-2-ynyl]-acetamide was reacted with bromoacetic
acid ethyl ester in the presence of cesium carbonate and potassium iodide in
acetonitrile under reflux conditions to give the title compound as orange crystals.
MS: 473.0 (M+H)+.
f] [6-((Methyl-[3-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvn-prop-2-vnvl]-carbamovll-methvnindol-
l-vl]-acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 e], [6-({methyl-[3-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-prop-2-ynyl]-carbamoyl} -methyl)-indol-1 -yl]-acetic acid
ethyl ester was treated with LiOH to obtain the title compound as yellow crystals.
MS: 443.4 (M-H)'.
Example 17
a] 5-(4-Trifluoromethoxv-phenyl)-pent-4-vnoic acid methoxv-methvl-amide
To a solution of 5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynoic acid (1.0 g, 3.87 mmol;
example 10 b]) in CHaCh (50 ml) was added N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine
hydrochloride (0.45 g, 4.65 mmol) and N-methylmorpholine (0.55 ml, 5 mmol). The
mixture was cooled to 0 °C and N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide
hydrochloride (0.97 g, 5 mmol) was added. The reaction solution was naturally
warmed to ambient temperature, stirred over night and partitioned between aqueous
10 % KHSCVether (three times). The organic phases were washed with aqueous
saturated NaHCO3, aqueous 10 % NaCl and dried (Na2SO4) to give 1.165 g (3.86
mmol, quant.) of the title compound as brown oil.
MS:302.1(M+H)+.
b] 6-(4-Trifluoromethoxv-phenyl')-hex-5-vn-2-one
A solution of methyl magnesium bromide (1.11 ml, 3.32 mmol; 3 M solution in ether)
in ether (4 ml) was added dropwise to an ice cold solution of 5-(4-trifluoro-methoxyphenyl)-
pent-4-ynoic acid methoxy-methyl-amide (0.77 g, 2.56 mmol) in ether (4 ml).
The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 h at 0 °C, diluted with ether and washed with
ice cold aqueous, saturated NHtCl solution, aqueous 10 % KHSO4 and aqueous 10 %
NaCl solution. The water phases were extracted with ether (two times), the combined
organic layers were dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to give 0.68 g (quant.) of the title
compound as yellow oil which was used in the next step without further purification.
MS: 256.1 (M+H)+.
c] [rac]-6-(4-Trifluoromethoxy-phenvl)-hex-5-yn-2-ol
DBAL-H (1.46 ml, 1.75 mmol; 1.2 M solution in toluene) was added dropwise
within 15 min to a dry ice cooled (-30 °C) solution of 6-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-
hex-5-yn-2-one (0.23 g, 0.88 mmol) in THF (4 ml). The reaction was warmed to 0 °C
over a time period of 1 h 10 min and neutralized with aqueous 10 % KHSO4 solution.
The mixture was extracted with ether (three times), the combined organic layers were
washed with aqueous 10 % NaCl solution, dried (Na2SC>4) and evaporated to give 0.24
g (quant.) of the title compound as light brown oil.
MS: 258.1 (M)+.
d] [rac]-(6-[l-Methvl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxv-phenvl)-pent-4-vnvloxv]-indol-l-vUacetic
acid ethyl ester
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 d], (6-hydroxy-indol-l-yl)-acetic
acid ethyl ester (example 1 c]) was reacted with [rac]-6-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-
hex-5-yn-2-ol in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl azodicarboxamide and
tributylphosphine to give the title compound as colorless oil.
MS: 460.4 (M+H)+.
e] [rac] - (6-[ 1 -Methvl-5 -(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-vnvloxy] -indol-1 -vl} -
acetic acid
In analogy to the procedure described for example 1 e], [rac]-{6-[l-methyl-5-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester was
treated with LiOH to obtain the title compound as brown crystals.
MS: 430.3 (M-H)'.
Example A
Film coated tablets containing the following ingredients can be manufactured in
a conventional manner:
Ingredients Per tablet
Kernel:
Compound of formula (I) lO.Omg 200.0 mg
Microcrystalline cellulose 23.5 mg 43.5 mg
Lactose hydrous 60.0 mg 70.0 mg
PovidoneKSO 12.5 mg 15.0 mg
Sodium starch glycolate 12.5 mg IT.Omg
Magnesium stearate 1.5 mg 4.5 mg
(Kernel Weight) 120.0 mg 350.0 mg
Film Coat:
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 3.5 mg 7.0 mg
Polyethylene glycol 6000 0.8 mg 1.6mg
Talc 1.3mg 2.6 mg
Iron oxyde (yellow) 0.8 mg 1.6mg
Titanium dioxide 0.8 mg 1.6mg
The active ingredient is sieved and mixed with microcristalline cellulose and the
mixture is granulated with a solution of polyvinylpyrrolidon in water. The granulate is
mixed with sodium starch glycolate and magesiumstearate and compressed to yield
kernels of 120 or 350 mg respectively. The kernels are lacquered with an aqueous
solution / suspension of the above mentioned film coat.
Example B
Capsules containing the following ingredients can be manufactured in a
conventional manner:
Ingredients Per capsule
Compound of formula (I) 25.0 mg
Lactose ISO.Omg
Maize starch 20.0 mg
Talc S.Omg
The components are sieved and mixed and filled into capsules of size 2.
Example C
Injection solutions can have the following composition:
Compound of formula (I) 3.0 mg
Gelatine ISO.Omg
Phenol 4.7 mg
Sodium carbonate to obtain a final pH of 7
Water for injection solutions ad 1.0 ml
Example D
Soft gelatin capsules containing the following ingredients can be manufactured
in a conventional manner:
Capsule contents
Compound of formula (I) 5.0 mg
Yellow wax S.Omg
Hydrogenated Soya bean oil 8.0 mg
Partially hydrogenated plant oils 34.0 mg
Soya bean oil 110.0 mg
Weight of capsule contents 165.0 mg
Gelatin capsule
Gelatin 75.0 mg
Glycerol 85 % 32.0 mg
Karion 83 8.0 mg (dry matter)
Titanium dioxide 0.4 mg
Iron oxide yellow 1.1 mg
The active ingredient is dissolved in a warm melting of the other ingredients and
the mixture is filled into soft gelatin capsules of appropriate size. The filled soft
gelatin capsules are treated according to the usual procedures.
Example E
Sachets containing the following ingredients can be manufactured in a
conventional manner:
Compound of formula (I) 50.0 mg
Lactose, fine powder 1015.0 mg
Microcristalline cellulose (AVICEL PH 102) 1400.0 mg
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 14.0 mg
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 10.0 mg
Magnesiumstearate lO.Omg
Flavoring additives 1.0 mg
The active ingredient is mixed with lactose, microcristalline cellulose and
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and granulated with a mixture of polyvinylpyrrolidon
in water. The granulate is mixed with magnesiumstearate and the flavouring additives
and filled into sachets.




We Claim:
1. Indol-1-yl-acetic acids of the formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein
R1 is hydrogen or C1-C7-alkyl;
R2 and R3 independently from each other are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C7-alkyl and C1-C7-alkyl-C1-C7-alkoxy;
R4 and R5 independently from each other are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-C7-alkoxy-C1-C7-alkyl, C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fiuoro-C1-C7-alkyl, fluoro-C1-C7-alkoxy, cyano-C1-C7-alkyl and cyano;
R6, R7, R8 and R9 independently from each other are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-C7-alkoxy-C1-C7-alkyl, C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-C1-C7-alkyl, fluoro-C1-C7-alkoxy, cyano-C1-C7-alkyl and cyano;
and one of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is
(Formula Removed)
wherein
X is selected from the group consisting of S, O, NR13, (CH2)PNR13CO and (CH2)PCONR13,
R13 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, fiuoro-C1-C7-alkyl, hydroxy-C2-7-alkyl and C1-7-alkoxy-C2-7-alkyl;
R10 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C7-alkyl, C3_7-cycloalkyl, fluoro-C1-C7-alkyl and C1-C7-alkoxy-C1-C7-alkyl;
R11 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-7-alkyl and C1-C7-alkoxy-C1-C7-alkyl;
or R10 and R11 together with the carbon atom they are attached to form a C3-6-cycloalkyl ring;
R12 is aryl or heteroaryl;
m, 0, p is 0,1 or 2; n is 0,1,2 or 3 and the sum of m, n and o is 1 to 5; and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
2. The compounds of formula I as claimed in claim 1 having the formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein
X,R1 to R5,R10 to R12, m, n and o are as defined herein before;
R6 , R7 and R9 independently from each other are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-C7-alkoxy-C1-7-alkyl, C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-C1-C7-alkyl, fluoro-C1-C7-alkoxy, cyano-C1-C7-alkyl and cyano; and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
3. The compounds of formula I-A as claimed in claims 1 or 2, wherein R6 , R7 and
R9 are hydrogen.
4. The compounds of formula I as claimed in claim 1 having the formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein
X, R1 to R5, R10 to R12, m, n and o are as defined herein before;
R6, R8 and R9 independently from each other are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-7-alkoxy-C1-C7-alkyl, C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-C1-7-alkyl, fluoro-C1-C7-alkoxy, cyano-C1-C7-alkyl and cyano; and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
5. The compounds of formula I-B as claimed in claims 1 or 4, wherein R6, R8 and
R9 are hydrogen.
6. The compounds of formula I as claimed in claim 1 having the formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein
X, R1 to R5, R10 to R12, m, n and o are as defined herein before;
R7, R8 and R9 independently from each other are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C7-alkyl, C3.7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-C7-alkoxy-C1-7-alkyl, C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-C1-C7-alkyl, fluoro-C1-C7-alkoxy, cyano-C1-C7-alkyl and cyano; and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
7. The compounds of formula I-C as claimed in claims 1 or 6, wherein R7, R8 and R9 are hydrogen.
8. The compounds of formula I as claimed in claim 1 having the formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein
X, R1 to R5, R10 to R12, m, n and o are as defined herein before;
R6 , R7 and R8 independently from each other are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-C7-alkoxy-C1-C7-alkyl, C2-7-alkenyl, C2-7-alkinyl, fluoro-C1-C7-alkyl, fluoro-C1-C7-alkoxy, cyano-C1-C7-alkyl and cyano; and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
9. The compounds of formula I-D as claimed in claims 1 or 8, wherein R6, R7 and
R8 are hydrogen.
10. The compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein R1 is hydrogen.
11. The compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein R2 and R3 independently from each other are hydrogen or methyl.
12. The compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein R4 is hydrogen.
13. The compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein R5 is hydrogen, C1-C7-alkyl or halogen.
14. The compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein X is S, O or NR13 and wherein R13 is hydrogen, C1-C7-alkyl, C3-7-cycloalkyl, fiuoro-C1-C7-alkyl, hydroxy-C2-7-alkyl, or C1-C7-alkoxy-C2-7-alkyl.
15. The compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein X is O.
16. The compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein X is (CH2)PNR13CO or (CH2)PCONR13 and wherein R13 is selected from hydrogen, C1.7-alkyl, C3.7-cycloalkyl, fluoro-C1-C7-alkyl, hydroxy-C2-7-alkyl, or C1-C7-alkoxy-C2-7-alkyl and p is 0,1 or 2.
17. The compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein m is 0.
18. The compounds of formula I as claimed in claim 17, wherein m is 0 and the sum of n and 0 is 1,2 or 3.
19. The compounds of formula I as claimed in claim 17, wherein the sum of n and o is 2 or 3.
20. The compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein R12 is unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl substituted with one to three groups selected from C1-C7-alkyl, C1-C7-alkoxy, halogen, fluoro-C1-7-alkyl, fluoro-C1-C7-alkoxy and cyano.
21. The compounds of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein R12 is phenyl substituted with halogen, C1-C7-alkoxy, fluoro-C1-C7-alkyl or fluoro-C1-C7-alkoxy.
22. The compounds of formula I as claimed in claim 1, selected from the group consisting of
{6-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid, {6-[5-(3-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid, {6-[5-(4-trifiuoromethyl-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-1 -yl} -acetic acid, {6-[5-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid, {4-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid, {5-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid, {6-[2,2-dimethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid, (6-{methyl-[5-(3-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynoyl]-amino}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid, {6-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynylamino]-indol-1 -yl} -acetic acid, (6-{methyl-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynoyl]-amino}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid, {7-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid, [rac]-2-{6-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-propionic acid, (6- {[3 -(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-prop-2-ynylcarbamoyl]-methyl} -indol-1 -yl)-acetic acid,
(6- {[3 -(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-prop-2-ynylcarbamoyl]-methyl} -indol-1-yl)-acetic
acid,
[6-({methyl-[5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pent-4-ynoyl]-amino}-methyl)-indol-l-yl]-
acetic acid,
[6-( {methyl-[3 -(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-prop-2-ynyl] -carbamoyl} -methyl)-indol-1 -
yl]-acetic acid,
[rac]- {6-[ 1 -methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-1 -yl} -acetic
acid, and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
23. The compounds of formula I as claimed in claim 1, selected from the group
consisting of
{6-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid, {6-[5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid, {5-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid, {6-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynylamino]-indol-l-yl}-acetic acid,
(6-{methyl-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynoyl]-amino}-indol-l-yl)-acetic acid, 2- {6-[5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy]-indol-1-yl} -propionic acid, [rac]- {6-[ 1 -methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pent-4-ynyloxy] -indol-1-yl} -acetic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof.
24. A process for the manufacture of compounds as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 23, which process comprises
reacting a compound of formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R1 is C1-C7-alkyl, R2 to R9 are as defined in claim 1 and one of R6, R7, R8 or R9 is selected from -OH, -SH or -NHR13, wherein R13 is as defined in claim 1, with a compound of formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R10,R11,R12 n, m and o are as defined in claim 1 and R14 is -OH, -C1, -Br, -I or another leaving group, to obtain a compound of formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein one of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is
(Formula Removed)
and wherein X is O, S, or -NR13, R1 is C1-C7-alkyl and R2 to R13 are as defined in claim 1, and optionally hydrolysing the ester group to obtain a compound of formula I, wherein R1 is hydrogen.
25. A process for the manufacture of compounds as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 23, which process comprises
reacting a compound of formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R1 is C1-C7-alkyl, R2 to R9 are as defined in claim 1 and one of R6, R7, R8 or R9 is -{CH2)p-NHR13, wherein R13 and p are as defined in claim 1, with a compound of formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R10, R11, R12, m, n and o are as defined in claim 1, to obtain a compound of formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein one of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is
(Formula Removed)
and wherein X is -(CH2)p-NR13CO-, R1 is C1-C7-alkyl and R2 to R13 and m, n, o and p are as defined in claim 1,
and optionally hydrolysing the ester group to obtain a compound of formula I, wherein R1 is hydrogen.
26. A process for the manufacture of compounds as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 23, which process comprises
reacting a compound of formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R1 is C1-7-alkyl, R2 to R9 are as defined in claim 1 and one of R6, R7, R8 or R9 is -(CH2)p-COOH, and p is defined as defined in claim 1, with a compound of formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R10,R11,R12,R13, m, n and o are as defined in claim 1, to obtain a compound of formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein one of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is
(Formula Removed)
and wherein X is -(CH2)p-CONR13, R1 is C1-7-alkyl and R2 to R13 and m, n, o and p are as defined in claim 1,
and optionally hydrolysing the ester group to obtain a compound of formula I, wherein R1 is hydrogen.
27. A process for the manufacture of compounds as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 23, which process comprises
reacting a compound of formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R4 to R9 are as defined in claim 1, with a compound of formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R1 is C1-7alkyl, R2 and R3 are as defined in claim 1 and R15 is halogen, triflate or another leaving group,
to obtain a compound of formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R1 is C1-C7-alkyl and R2 to R9 are as defined in claim 1,
and optionally hydrolysing the ester group to obtain a compound of formula I, wherein R1 is hydrogen.

Documents:

1521-DELNP-2007-Abstract-(22-03-2012).pdf

1521-delnp-2007-abstract.pdf

1521-delnp-2007-Assignment-(28-03-2012).pdf

1521-delnp-2007-assignment.pdf

1521-DELNP-2007-Claims-(22-03-2012).pdf

1521-delnp-2007-claims.pdf

1521-DELNP-2007-Correspondence Others-(22-03-2012).pdf

1521-delnp-2007-Correspondence Others-(28-03-2012).pdf

1521-delnp-2007-correspondence-others-1.pdf

1521-DELNP-2007-Correspondence-Others.pdf

1521-DELNP-2007-Description (Complete)-(22-03-2012).pdf

1521-delnp-2007-description (complete).pdf

1521-DELNP-2007-Form-1-(22-03-2012).pdf

1521-delnp-2007-form-1.pdf

1521-delnp-2007-form-18.pdf

1521-DELNP-2007-Form-2-(22-03-2012).pdf

1521-delnp-2007-form-2.pdf

1521-DELNP-2007-Form-3-(22-03-2012).pdf

1521-DELNP-2007-Form-3.pdf

1521-delnp-2007-form-5.pdf

1521-delnp-2007-gpa.pdf

1521-delnp-2007-pct-210.pdf

1521-delnp-2007-pct-304.pdf

1521-delnp-2007-pct-409.pdf

abstract.jpg


Patent Number 252533
Indian Patent Application Number 1521/DELNP/2007
PG Journal Number 21/2012
Publication Date 25-May-2012
Grant Date 21-May-2012
Date of Filing 26-Feb-2007
Name of Patentee F. HOFFMANN-LA-ROCHE AG
Applicant Address GRENZACHERSTRASSE 124, CH-4070 BASEL (CH)
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 MEYER, MARKUS ERASMUSSTRASSE 23, 79395 NEUENBURG, GERMANY
2 ACKERMANN, JEAN IM GLOEGGLIHOF 16, CH-4125 RIEHEN, SWITZERLAND
3 AEBI, JOHANNES, JEAN IM KUGELFANG 27, CH-4102 BINNINGEN, SWITZERLAND
4 BINGGELI, ALFRED IM KUGELFANG 50, CH-4102 BINNINGEN, SWITZERLAND
5 GRETHER, UWE KIRCHGASSE 4, 79588 EFRINGER-KIRCHEN, GERMANY
6 KUHN, BERND SONNMATTWEG 42, CH-4410 LIESTAL, SWITZERLAND
7 MAERKI, HANS-PETER SELTISBERGERSTRASSE 75, CH-4059, BASEL, SWITZERLAND
PCT International Classification Number C07D 209/08
PCT International Application Number PCT/EP2005/008571
PCT International Filing date 2005-08-08
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 04019378.1 2004-08-16 EUROPEAN UNION