Indian Patents
Title of Invention

"PYRROLIDINE COMPOUND OF GENERAL FORMULA(I)"
Abstract A pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1)
Full Text The present invention relates to a pyrrolidine compound of general formula (1)
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a pyrrolidine compound. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Three types of monoamines, known as serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine, act as neurotransmitters in organisms. Therefore, pharmaceuticals having a monoamine reuptake inhibitory effect are widely used as therapeutic pharmaceuticals for diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Many of the pharmaceuticals used to date for treating depression selectively inhibit norepinephrine or serotonin reuptake. Examples of such pharmaceuticals include imipramine (a first-generation antidepressant), maprotiline (a second-generation antidepressant), selective serotonin-uptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine (SSRI, third-generation antidepressants), serotonin and/or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors such as venlafaxine (SNRI, fourth-generation antidepressants), and the like (see Sadanori Miura, Rinshoseishinyakuri (Japanese Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology), 2000, 3: 311-318).
However, it takes at least three weeks for these pharmaceuticals to exhibit their therapeutic effects and furthermore, these pharmaceuticals fail to exhibit sufficient effects in about 30% of patients suffering from depression (see Phil Skolnick, European Journal of Pharmacology, 2001, 375: 31-40) .
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
An object of the invention is to provide a pharmaceutical preparation having a wider therapeutic spectrum than known antidepressants, and being capable of exhibiting sufficient therapeutic effects after short-term administration.
The present inventors carried out extensive research to achieve the above object and found that a pyrrolidine compound represented by formula (1) below can be used to produce such a desired pharmaceutical preparation. The present invention has
been accomplished based on this finding.
The present invention provides a pyrrolidine compound, a composition comprising said compound, an agent comprising said compound, a use of said compound, a method for treating a disorder, and a process for producing said compound, as descrived in Items 1 to 14 below.
Item 1. A pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1)
(Formula Removed)
or a salt thereof,
wherein R101 and R102 are each independently one of the following
groups (1) to (86):
(1) a phenyl group,
(2) a pyridyl group,
(3) a benzothienyl group,
(4) an indolyl group,
(5) a 2,3-dihydro-lH-indenyl group,
(6) a naphthyl group,
(7) a benzofuryl group,
(8) a quinolyl group,
(9) a thiazolyl group,

(10) a pyrimidinyl group,
(11) a pyrazinyl group,
(12) a benzothiazolyl group,
(13) a thieno[3,2-b]pyridyl group,
(14) a thienyl group,
(15) a cycloalkyl group,
(16) a tetrahydropyranyl group,
(17) a pyrrolyl group,
(18) a 2,4-dihydro-l,3-benzodioxinyl group,

(19) a 2,3-dihydrobenzofuryl group,
(20) a 9H-fluorenyl group,
(21) a pyrazolyl group,
(22) a pyridazinyl group,
(23) an indolinyl group,
(24) a thieno[2,3-b]pyridyl group,
(25) a thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl group,
(26) a thieno[3,2-e]pyrimidinyl group,
(27) a lH-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridyl group,
(28) an isoquinolyl group,
(29) a 2,3-dihydro-l,4-benzoxadinyl group,
(30) a quinoxalinyl group,
(31) a quinazolinyl group,
(32) a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolyl group,
(33) a cycloalkyl lower alkyl group,
(34) a lower alkylthio lower alkyl group,
(35) an amino-substituted lower alkyl group optionally
substituted with one or two lower alkyl groups on the amino group,
(36) a phenoxy lower alkyl group,
(37) a pyridyloxy lower alkyl group,
(38) a lower alkynyl group,
(39) a phenyl lower alkenyl group,
(40) a 1,3-benzodioxolyl group,
(41) a 2,3-dihydro-l,4-benzodioxinyl group,
(42) a 3,4-dihydro-l,5-benzodioxepinyl group,
(43) a dihydropyridyl group,
(44) a 1,2-dihydroquinolyl group,
(45) a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl group,
(46) a benzoxazolyl group,
(47) a benzoisothiazolyl group,
(48) an indazolyl group,
(49) a benzoimidazolyl group,
(50) an imidazolyl group,
(51) a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl lower alkyl group,
(52) an imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl lower alkyl group,

(53) a thiazolyl lower alkyl group,
(54) a tetrahydropyranyl lower alkyl group,
(55) a piperidyl lower alkyl group,
(56) a diphenyl lower alkoxy-substituted lower alkyl group,
(57) a lower alkoxycarbonyl-substituted lower alkyl group,
(58) a phenyl lower alkoxycarbonyl-substituted lower alkyl group,
(59) a hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl group,
(60) a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group,
(61) a carboxy lower alkyl group,
(62) a carbamoyl-substituted lower alkyl group optionally
substituted with one or two lower alkyl groups on the carbamoyl
group,
(63) a lower alkenyl group,
(64) a morpholinylcarbonyl lower alkyl group,
(65) a benzoyl lower alkyl group,
(66) a phenylthio lower alkyl group,
(67) a naphthylthio lower alkyl group,
(68) a cycloalkylthio lower alkyl group,
(69) a pyridylthio lower alkyl group,
(70) a pyrimidinylthio lower alkyl group,
(71) a furylthio lower alkyl group,
(72) a thienylthio lower alkyl group,
(73) a 1,3, 4-thiadiazolylthio lower alkyl group,
(74) a benzimidazolylthio lower alkyl group,
(75) a benzthiazolylthio lower alkyl group,
(76) a tetrazolylthio lower alkyl group,
(77) a benzoxazolylthio lower alkyl group,
(78) a thiazolylthio lower alkyl group,
(79) an imidazolylthio lower alkyl group,
(80) an amino-substituted lower alkylthio lower alkyl group
optionally substituted with one or two lower alkyl groups on the
amino group,

(81) a phenyl-substituted lower alkylthio lower alkyl group,
(82) a furyl-substituted lower alkylthio lower alkyl group,
(83) a pyridyl-substituted lower alkylthio lower alkyl group,

(84) a hydroxy-substituted lower alkylthio lower alkyl group,
(85) a phenoxy-substituted lower alkylthio lower alkyl group, and
(86) a lower alkoxycarbonyl-substituted lower alkylthio lower
alkyl group,
and each of the groups (1) to (32), (37), (39) to (56), (64) to
(79), (81) to (83) and (85) may have one or more substituents
selected from the following (1-1) to (1-37) on the cycloalkyl, aromatic or heterocyclic ring:
(1-1) halogen atoms,
(1-2) lower alkylthio groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms,
(1-3) lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms,
(1-4) lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms,
(1-5) nitro group,
(1-6) lower alkoxycarbonyl groups,
(1-7) amino groups optionally substituted with one or two lower alkyl groups,
(1-8) lower alkylsulfonyl groups,
(1-9) cyano group,
(1-10) carboxy group,
(1-11) hydroxy group,
(1-12) thienyl groups,
(1-13) oxazolyl groups,
(1-14) naphthyl groups,
(1-15) benzoyl group,
(1-16) phenoxy groups optionally substituted with one to three halogen atoms on the phenyl ring,
(1-17) phenyl lower alkoxy groups,
(1-18) lower alkanoyl groups,
(1-19) phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to five substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms, lower alkoxy groups, cyano group, lower alkanoyl groups and lower alkyl groups,

(1-20) phenyl lower alkyl groups,
(1-21) cyano lower alkyl groups,
(1-22) 5 to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic group-substituted
sulfonyl groups, the heterocyclic group containing on the
heterocyclic ring one or two heteroatoms selected from the group
consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur,
(1-23) thiazolyl groups optionally substituted with one or two
lower alkyl groups on the thiazole ring,
(1-24) imidazolyl groups,
(1-25) amino lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one
or two lower alkyl groups on the amino group,
(1-26) pyrrolidinyl lower alkoxy groups,
(1-27) isoxazolyl groups,
(1-28) cycloalkylcarbonyl groups,
(1-29) naphthyloxy groups,
(1-30) pyridyl groups,
(1-31) furyl groups,
(1-32) phenylthio group,
(1-33) oxo group,
(1-34) carbamoyl group,
(1-35) 5 to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic groups containing one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, the heterocyclic group optionally being substituted with one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of oxo group; lower alkyl groups; lower alkanoyl groups; phenyl lower alkyl groups; phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to three members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkoxy groups; and pyridyl groups,
(1-36) oxido group and
(1-37) lower alkoxido groups,
with the proviso that R101 and R102 are not simultaneously unsubstituted phenyl.
Item 2. A pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1)

or a salt thereof according to Item 1, wherein
R101 is
(1) a phenyl group,
(3) a benzothienyl group,
(4) an indolyl group,
(5) a 2,3-dihydro-lH-indenyl group,
(6) a naphthyl group,
(7) a benzofuryl group,
(8) a quinolyl group,
(12) a benzothiazolyl group,
(18) a 2,4-dihydro-l,3-benzodioxinyl group,
(19) a 2,3-dihydrobenzofuryl group,
(20) a 9H-fluorenyl group,
(23) an indolinyl group,

(28) an isoquinolyl group,
(29) a 2,3-dihydro-l,4-benzoxadinyl group,
(30) a quinoxalinyl group,
(31) a quinazolinyl group,
(32) a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolyl group,

(40) a 1,3-benzodioxolyl group,
(41) a 2,3-dihydro-l, 4-benzodioxinyl group,
(42) a 3,4-dihydro-l,5-benzodioxepinyl group,

(44) a 1,2-dihydroquinolyl group,
(45) a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl group,
(46) a benzoxazolyl group,
(47) a benzoisothiazolyl group,
(48) an indazolyl group or
(49) a benzoimidazolyl group,
and each of which may have on the aromatic or heterocyclic ring one to three substituents selected from the groups (1-1) to (1-37) as defined in Item 1.
Item 3. A pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof according to Item 2, wherein

R101 is
(1) a phenyl group or
(3) a benzothienyl group,
and each of which may have on the aromatic or heterocyclic ring
one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of
(1-1) halogen atoms and (1-3) lower alkyl groups optionally
substituted with one to three halogen atoms.
Item 4. A pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof according to Item 3, wherein R102 is
(1) a phenyl group,
(2) a pyridyl group,
(9) a thiazolyl group,
(10) a pyrimidinyl group,
(11) a pyrazinyl group
(14) a thienyl group,
(48) an indazolyl group,
(59) a hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl group or
(60) a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group,
and each of the groups (1),(2), (9), (10), (11), (14) and (48) may have on the aromatic or heterocyclic ring one to three substituents selected from the groups (1-1) to (1-37) as defined in Item 1.
Item 5. A pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof according to Item 4, wherein R101 is
a monohalophenyl group, a dihalophenyl group or a phenyl group substituted with one halogen atom and one lower alkyl group, R102 is
(1) a phenyl group,
(2) a pyridyl group,
(9) a thiazolyl group,
(10) a pyrimidinyl group,

(11) a pyrazinyl group,
(14) a thienyl group,
(48) an indazolyl group,
(59) a hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl group or
(60) a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group,
and each of the groups (1),(2), (9), (10), (11), (14) and (48) may have on the aromatic or heterocyclic ring one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of (1-1) halogen atoms, (1-3) lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, and (1-9) cyano group.
Item 6. A pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof according to Item 5 selected from the group consisting of :
(4-chlorophenyl)phenyl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, (4-fluorophenyl)phenyl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, (3,4-difluorophenyl)phenyl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, bis-(4-fluorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine,
(3,4-difluorophenyl)-(4-fluorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl-p-tolylamine, 4-[(S)-(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylamino]-benzonitrile,
bis-(3-fluorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine,
(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylthiazol-2-ylamine, (4-fluorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylthiazol-2-ylamine, (3,4-dichlorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylthiazol-2-ylamine, (3,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrimidin-5-yl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)pyrazin-2-yl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)- (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine,
(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(6-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, (3,4-dichlorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine,

(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylthiophen-3-ylamine, (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine,
(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine,
2-[ (S)-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) pyrrolidin-3-ylamino]ethanol, 1~[(S)-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) pyrrolidin-3-ylamino]-2-methyl-propan-2-ol,
(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(2-methoxyethyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine,
3-[(S)-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) pyrrolidin-3-ylamino]-propan-1-ol, (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(3-methoxypropyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine,
(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(l-methyl-lH-indazol-5-yl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine,
benzo [b]thiophen-6-yl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylthiophen-3-ylamine, and benzo [b]thiophen-5-yl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylthiophen-3-ylamine.
Item 7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof according to Item 1 as an active ingredient and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
Item 8. A prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for disorders caused by reduced neurotransmission of serotonin, norepinephrine or dopamine, comprising as an active ingredient a pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof according to Item 1.
Item 9. A prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent according to Item 8, wherein the disorder is selected from the group consisting of hypertension; depression; anxiety disorders; fear; posttraumatic stress syndrome; acute stress syndrome; avoidant personality disorders; body dysmorphic disorder; precocious ejaculation; eating disorders; obesity; chemical

dependencies to alcohol, cocaine, heroin, phenobarbital, nicotine and benzodiazepines; cluster headache; migraine; pain disorder; Alzheimer's disease; obsessive-compulsive disorders; panic disorders; memory disorders; Parkinson's disease; endocrine disorders; vascular spasm; cerebellar ataxia; gastrointestinal tract disorders; negative syndrome of schizophrenia; premenstrual syndrome; fibromyalgia syndrome; stress incontinence; Tourette's syndrome; trichotillomania; kleptomania; male impotence; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); chronic paroxysmal hemicrania; chronic fatigue; cataplexy; sleep apnea syndrome and headache.
Item 10. A prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent according to Item 8, wherein the disorder is selected from the group consisting of:
depressions selected from the group consisting of major depression; bipolar 1 disorder; bipolar 2 disorder; mixed episode; dysthymic disorders; rapid cycler; atypical depression; seasonal affective disorders; postpartum depression; minor depression; recurrent brief depressive disorder; intractable depression/chronic depression; double depression; alcohol-induced mood disorders; mixed anxiety & depressive disorders; depressions induced by various physical disorders selected from the group consisting of Cushing's disease, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism syndrome, Addison's disease, amenorrhea and lactation syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, intracerebral bleeding, diabetes, chronic fatigue syndrome and cancers;, depression of the middle-aged; senile depression; depression of children and adolescents; depression induced by interferons; depression induced by adjustment disorder; and anxieties selected from the group consisting of anxiety induced by adjustment disorder and anxiety induced by neuropathy selected from the group consisting of head trauma, brain infection and inner ear injury.

Item 11. Use of a pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof according to any one of Items 1 to 6 as a drug.
Item 12. Use of a pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof according to any one of Items 1 to 6 as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor and/or a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and/or a dopamine reuptake inhibitor.
Item 13. A method for treating or preventing disorders caused by reduced neurotransmission of serotonin, norepinephrine or dopamine, comprising administering a pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof according to any one of Items 1 to 6 to human or animal.
Item 14. A process for producing a pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1) :
(Formula Removed)
or a salt thereof, wherein R101 and R102 are defined above in Item
1,
the process comprising
(1) subjecting a compound of General Formula (2)
(Formula Removed)
wherein R101 and R102 are as defined above in Item 1, and R112 is an amino-protecting group to an elimination reaction to remove the

amino protecting group.
Preferred embodiments of the pyrrolidine compound (1) include compounds represented by General Formula (1)

(Formula Removed)
and salts thereof, wherein R is (1) a phenyl group,
(3) a benzothienyl group,
(4) an indolyl group,
(5) a 2,3-dihydro-lH-indenyl group,
(6) a naphthyl group,
(7) a benzofuryl group,
(8) a quinolyl group,
(12) a benzothiazolyl group,
(18) a 2,4-dihydro-l,3-benzodioxinyl group,
(19) a 2,3-dihydrobenzofuryl group,
(20) a 9H-fluorenyl group,
(23) an indolinyl group,

(28) an isoquinolyl group,
(29) a 2,3-dihydro-l,4-benzoxadinyl group,
(30) a quinoxalinyl group,
(31) a quinazolinyl group,
(32) a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolyl group,

(40) a 1,3-benzodioxolyl group,
(41) a 2,3-dihydro-l,4-benzodioxinyl group,
(42) a 3,4-dihydro-l,5-benzodioxepinyl group,

(44) a 1,2-dihydroquinolyl group,
(45) a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl group,

(46) a benzoxazolyl group,
(47) a benzoisothiazolyl group,
(48) an indazolyl group or
(49) a benzoimidazolyl group,
and each of which may have on the aromatic or heterocyclic ring one to five (preferably one to three) substituents selected from the following (1-1) to (1-37): (1-1) halogen atoms,
(1-2) lower alkylthio groups optionally substituted with one or more (preferably one to three) halogen atoms,
(1-3) lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more (preferably one to three) halogen atoms,
(1-4) lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more (preferably one to four) halogen atoms, (1-5) nitro group, (1-6) lower alkoxycarbonyl groups,
(1-7) amino groups optionally substituted with one or two lower alkyl groups,
(1-8) lower alkylsulfonyl groups, (1-9) cyano group, (1-10) carboxy group, (1-11) hydroxy group, (1-12) thienyl groups, (1-13) oxazolyl groups, (1-14) naphthyl groups, (1-15) benzoyl group,
(1-16) phenoxy groups optionally substituted with one to three halogen atoms on phenyl ring, (1-17) phenyl lower alkoxy groups, (1-18) lower alkanoyl groups,
(1-19) phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to five (preferably one to three) substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms, lower alkoxy groups, cyano group, lower alkanoyl groups and lower alkyl groups, (1-20) phenyl lower alkyl groups,

(1-21) cyano lower alkyl groups,
(1-22) 5 to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic group-substituted
sulfonyl groups, the heterocyclic group containing on the
heterocyclic ring one or two nitrogen atoms (preferably
piperidylsulfonyl),
(1-23) thiazolyl groups optionally substituted with one or two
lower alkyl groups on the thiazole ring,
(1-24) imidazolyl groups,
(1-25) amino lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one
or two lower alkyl groups on the amino group,
(1-26) pyrrolidinyl lower alkoxy groups,
(1-27) isoxazolyl groups,
(1-28) cycloalkylcarbonyl groups,
(1-29) naphthyloxy groups,
(1-30) pyridyl groups,
(1-31) furyl groups,
(1-32) phenylthio group,
(1-33) oxo group,
(1-34) carbamoyl group,
(1-35) 5 to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic groups containing
one or two nitrogen atoms (preferably pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl
or piperidyl), the heterocyclic group optionally being
substituted with one to three substituents selected from the
group consisting of oxo group; lower alkyl groups; lower alkanoyl
groups; phenyl lower alkyl groups; phenyl groups optionally
substituted with one to three members selected from the group
consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkoxy groups; and pyridyl
groups,
(1-36) oxido group and
(1-37) lower alkoxido groups,
with the proviso that R101 and R102 are not simultaneously
unsubstituted phenyl.
More preferred embodiments of the pyrrolidine compound (1) include compounds represented by General Formula (1)

(Formula Removed)
and salts thereof,



wherein R101 is
(1) a phenyl group or
(3) a benzothienyl group,
and each of which may have on the aromatic or heterocyclic ring
one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of (1-
1) halogen atoms and (1-3) lower alkyl groups optionally
substituted with one to three halogen atoms, and
R102 is
(1) a phenyl group,
(2) a pyridyl group,
(3) a benzothienyl group,
(4) an indolyl group,
(5) a 2,3-dihydro-lH-indenyl group,
(6) a naphthyl group,
(7) a benzofuryl group,
(8) a quinolyl group,
(9) a thiazolyl group,

(10) a pyrimidinyl group,
(11) a pyrazinyl group,
(12) a benzothiazolyl group,
(13) a thieno[3, 2-b]pyridyl group,
(14) a thienyl group,
(15) a cycloalkyl group,
(16) a tetrahydropyranyl group,
(17) a pyrrolyl group,
(18) a 2,4-dihydro-l,3-benzodioxinyl group,
(19) a 2,3-dihydrobenzofuryl group,

(20) a 9H-fluorenyl group,
(21) a pyrazolyl group,
(22) a pyridazinyl group,
(23) an indolinyl group,
(24) a thieno[2,3-b]pyridyl group,
(25) a thieno[3, 2-d]pyrimidinyl group,
(26) a thieno[3, 2-e]pyrimidinyl group,
(27) a lH-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridyl group,
(28) an isoquinolyl group,
(29) a 2,3-dihydro-l,4-benzoxadinyl group,
(30) a quinoxalinyl group,
(31) a quinazolinyl group,
(32) a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolyl group,

(40) a 1,3-benzodioxolyl group,
(41) a 2,3-dihydro-l,4-benzodioxinyl group,
(42) a 3,4-dihydro-l,5-benzodioxepinyl group,
(43) a dihydropyridyl group,
(44) a 1,2-dihydroquinolyl group,
(45) a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl group,
(46) a benzoxazolyl group,
(47) a benzoisothiazolyl group,
(48) an indazolyl group,
(49) a benzoimidazolyl group,
(50) an imidazolyl group,

(59) a hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl group or
(60) a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group
and each of groups (1) to (50) may have on the aromatic or heterocyclic ring one to five (preferably one to three) substituents selected from the following (1-1) to (1-37): (1-1) halogen atoms,
(1-2) lower alkylthio groups optionally substituted with one or more (preferably one to three) halogen atoms,
(1-3) lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more (preferably one to three) halogen atoms, (1-4) lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more

(preferably one to four) halogen atoms,
(1-5) nitro group,
(1-6) lower alkoxycarbonyl groups,
(1-7) amino groups optionally substituted with one or two lower
alkyl groups,
(1-8) lower alkylsulfonyl groups,
(1-9) cyano group,
(1-10) carboxy group,
(1-11) hydroxy group,
(1-12) thienyl groups,
(1-13) oxazolyl groups,
(1-14) naphthyl groups,
(1-15) benzoyl group,
(1-16) phenoxy groups optionally substituted with one to three
halogen atoms on phenyl ring,
(1-17) phenyl lower alkoxy groups,
(1-18) lower alkanoyl groups,
(1-19) phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring
with one to five (preferably one to three) substituents selected
from the group consisting of halogen atoms, lower alkoxy groups,
cyano group, lower alkanoyl groups and lower alkyl groups,
(1-20) phenyl lower alkyl groups,
(1-21) cyano lower alkyl groups,
(1-22) 5 to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic group-substituted
sulfonyl groups, the heterocyclic group containing on the
heterocyclic ring one or two nitrogen atoms (preferably
piperidylsulfonyl),
(1-23) thiazolyl groups optionally substituted with one or two
lower alkyl groups on the thiazole ring,
(1-24) imidazolyl groups,
(1-25) amino lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one
or two lower alkyl groups on the amino group,
(1-26) pyrrolidinyl lower alkoxy groups,
(1-27) isoxazolyl groups,
(1-28) cycloalkylcarbonyl groups,

(1-29) naphthyloxy groups,
(1-30) pyridyl groups,
(1-31) furyl groups,
(1-32) phenylthio group,
(1-33) oxo group,
(1-34) carbamoyl group,
(1-35) 5 to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic groups containing one or two nitrogen atoms (preferably pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl or piperidyl), the heterocyclic group optionally being substituted with one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of oxo group; lower alkyl groups; lower alkanoyl groups; phenyl lower alkyl groups; phenyl groups optionally substituted with one to three members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkoxy groups; and pyridyl groups,
(1-36) oxido group and
(1-37) lower alkoxido groups,
with the proviso that R and R are not simultaneously unsubstituted phenyl.
Particularly preferred embodiments of the pyrrolidine compound (1) include compounds represented by General Formula (1)
(Formula Removed)
and salts thereof,
wherein R101 is
(1) a phenyl group substituted on the phenyl ring with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of (1-1) halogen atoms and (1-3) lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one to three halogen atoms, and

R is
(1) a phenyl group,
(2) a pyridyl group,
(9) a thiazolyl group,
(10) a pyrimidinyl group,
(11) a pyrazinyl group,
(14) a thienylgroup,
(48) an indazolyl group,
(59) a hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl group or
(60) a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group,
and each of the groups (1),(2), (9), (10), (11), (14) and (48) may have on the aromatic or heterocyclic ring one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of (1-1) halogen atoms,
(1-3) lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one to three halogen atoms and (1-9) cyano group.
Examples of particularly preferable pyrrolidine compounds of the present invention are as follows: (4-chlorophenyl)phenyl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, (4-fluorophenyl)phenyl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, (3,4-difluorophenyl)phenyl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, bis-(4-fluorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, (3, 4-difluorophenyl)-(4-fluorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl-p-tolylamine, 4-[(S)-(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylamino]-benzonitrile,
bis-(3-fluorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylthiazol-2-ylamine, (4-fluorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylthiazol-2-ylamine, (3,4-dichlorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylthiazol-2-ylamine, (3, 4-dichlorophenyl)pyrimidin-5-yl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)pyrazin-2-yl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine,

(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)pyridin~2-yl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(6-fluoropyridin-3-yl) -(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine,
(3,4-dichlorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylthiophen-3-ylamine, (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine,
(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine,
2- [ (S)-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylamino]ethanol, 1-[(S)-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylamino]-2-methyl-propan-2-ol,
(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(2-methoxyethyl)-(S) -pyrrolidin-3-ylamine,
3-[(S)-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylamino]-propan-1-ol, (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(3-methoxypropyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine,
(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(l-methyl-lH-indazol-5-yl)- (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine,
benzo[b]thiophen-6-yl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylthiophen-3-ylamine, and benzo[b]thiophen-5-yl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylthiophen-3-ylamine.
Specific examples of groups in General Formula (1) are as follows.
Examples of halogen atoms include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
Examples of lower alkylthio groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms include straight or branched C1-6 alkylthio groups optionally substituted with one to three halogen atoms, such as methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, isobutylthio, tert-butylthio, sec-butylthio, n-pentylthio, isopentylthio, neopentylthio, n-hexylthio, isohexylthio, 3-methylpenthylthio, trifluoromethylthio, trichloromethylthio, chloromethylthio, bromomethylthio, fluoromethylthio, iodomethylthio, difluoromethylthio,

dibromomethylthio, 2-chloroethylthio, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylthio, 2,2,2-trichloroethylthio, 3-chloropropylthio, 2,3-dichloropropylthio, 4,4,4-trichlorobutylthio, 4-fluorobutylthio, 5-chloropentylthio, 3-chloro-2-methylpropylthio, 5-bromohexylthio, 5,6-dibromohexylthio, etc.
Examples of lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms include straight or branched Ci-e alkyl groups optionally substituted with one to four halogen atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, 3-methylpentyl, trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, chloromethyl, bromomethyl, fluoromethyl, iodomethyl, difluoromethyl, dibromomethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 3-chloropropyl, 2,3-dichloropropyl, 4,4,4-trichlorobutyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 5-chloropentyl, 3-chloro-2-methylpropyl, 5-bromohexyl, 5,6-dibromohexyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl, etc.
Examples of lower alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms include straight or branched Ci_e alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one to four halogen atoms, such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, tert-butoxy, sec-butoxy, n-pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, neopentyloxy, n-hexyloxy, isohexyloxy, 3-methylpentyloxy, trifluoromethoxy, trichloromethoxy, chloromethoxy, bromomethoxy, fluoromethoxy, iodomethoxy, difluoromethoxy, dibromomethoxy, 2-chloroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy, 3-chloropropoxy, 2,3-dichloropropoxy, 4,4,4-trichlorobutoxy, 4-fluorobutoxy, 5-chloropentyloxy, 3-chloro-2-methylpropoxy, 5-bromohexyloxy, 5,6-dibromohexyloxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, etc.
Examples of lower alkoxycarbonyl groups include alkoxycarbonyl groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkoxy group, such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n-propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, n-butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, sec-

butoxycarbonyl, n-pentyloxycarbonyl, neopentyloxycarbonyl, n-hexyloxycarbonyl, isohexyloxycarbonyl, 3-methylpentyloxycarbonyl, etc.
Examples of lower alkyl groups include straight or branched C1-6 alkyl groups, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, 3-methylpentyl, etc.
Examples of lower alkanoyl groups include a straight or branched C1-6 alkanoyl group such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, pentanoyl, tert-butylcarbonyl, hexanoyl, etc.
Examples of lower alkylsulfonyl groups include straight or branched C1-6 alkyl sulfonyl groups, such as methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, n-propylsulfonyl, isopropylsulfonyl, n-butylsulfonyl, isobutylsulfonyl, tert-butylsulfonyl, sec-butylsulfonyl, n-pentylsulfonyl, isopentylsulfonyl, neopentylsulfonyl, n-hexylsulfonyl, isohexylsulfonyl, 3-methylpentylsulfonyl, etc.
Examples of phenoxy groups optionally substituted with one to three halogen atoms on the phenyl ring include phenoxy, 2-fluorophenoxy, 3-fluorophenoxy, 4-fluorophenoxy, 2-chlorophenoxy, 3-chlorophenoxy, 4-chlorophenoxy, 2-bromophenoxy, 3-bromophenoxy, 4-bromophenoxy, 2-iodophenoxy, 3-iodophenoxy, 4-iodophenoxy, 2,3-difluorophenoxy, 3,4-difluorophenoxy, 3,5-difluorophenoxy, 2,4-difluorophenoxy, 2,6-difluorophenoxy, 2,3-dichlorophenoxy, 3,4-dichlorophenoxy, 3,5-dichlorophenoxy, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy, 2,6-dichlorophenoxy, 3,4,5-trifluorophenoxy, 3,4,5-trichlorophenoxy, 2,4,6-trifluorophenoxy, 2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy, 2-fluoro-4-bromophenoxy, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy, 2,3,4-trichlorophenoxy, etc.
Examples of phenyl lower alkoxy groups include phenylalkoxy groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkoxy group, such as benzyloxy, 2-phenylethoxy, 1-phenylethoxy, 3-phenylpropoxy, 4-phenylbutoxy, 5-phenylpentyloxy, 6-phenylhexyloxy, 1,l-dimethyl-2-phenylethoxy, 2-methyl-3-phenylpropoxy, etc.

Examples of phenyl lower alkyl groups include phenylalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group, such as benzyl, 1-phenethyl, 2-phenethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 2-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, 5-phenylpentyl, 4-phenylpentyl, 6-phenylhexyl, 2-methyl-3-phenylpropyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl, etc.
Examples of cyano lower alkyl groups include cyanoalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group, such as cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 1-cyanoethyl, 3-cyanopropyl, 4-cyanobutyl, 1,l-dimethyl-2-cyanoethyl, 5-cyanopentyl, 6-cyanohexyl, 1-cyanoisopropyl, 2-methyl-3-cyanopropyl, etc.
Examples of thiazolyl groups optionally substituted with one or two lower alkyl groups on the thiazole ring include thiazolyl groups optionally substituted with one or two straight or branched C1-6 alkyl groups on the thiazole ring, such as (2-, 4-, or 5-)thiazolyl, 2-methyl-(4-, or 5-)thiazolyl, 4-methyl-(2-or 5-)thiazolyl, 2-ethyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl, 4-n-propyl-(2- or 5-)thiazolyl, 5-n-butyl-(2- or 4-)thiazolyl, 2-n-pentyl-(4- or 5-)thiazolyl, 4-n-hexyl-(2- or 5-)thiazolyl, 2,4-dimethyl-5-thiazolyl, etc.
Examples of amino lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or two lower alkyl groups on an amino group include aminoalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group and which are optionally substituted on an amino group with one or two straight or branched C1-6 alkyl groups; such as aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 4-aminobutyl, 5-aminopentyl, 6-aminohexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-aminoethyl, 2-methyl-3-aminopropyl, methylaminomethyl, 2-ethylaminoethyl, 3-propylaminopropyl, 3-isopropylaminopropyl, 4-butylaminobutyl, 5-pentylaminopentyl, 6-hexylaminohexyl, 2-dimethylaminoethyl, 2-diisopropylaminopropyl, 3-dimethylaminopropyl, diisopropylaminomethyl, 3-diisopropylaminopropyl, (N-ethyl-AN-propylamino) methyl, 2-(N-methyl-N-hexylamino)methyl, etc.

Examples of pyrrolidinyl lower alkoxy groups include pyrrolidinyl alkoxy groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkoxy group, such as (1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolydinyl methoxy, 2-[(l-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolydinyl]ethoxy, 1-[(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolydinyl]ethoxy, 3-[(l-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolydinyl]propoxy, 4-[(l-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolydinyl]butoxy, 5-[(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolydinyl]pentyloxy, 6-[(l-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolydinyl]hexyloxy, 1,l-dimethyl-2-[(1-, 2-, or 3-)pyrrolydinyl]ethoxy, 2-methyl-3-[(1-, 2-, or 3-) pyrrolydinyl]propoxy, etc.
Examples of cycloalkyl groups include C3-8 cycloalkyl groups, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, etc.
Examples of cycloalkylcarbonyl groups include
cycloalkylcarbonyl groups wherein the cycloalkyl moiety is a C3-8 cycloalkyl group, such as cyclopropylcarbonyl, cyclobutylcarbonyl, cyclopentylcarbonyl, cyclohexylcarbonyl, cycloheptylcarbonyl, cyclooctylcarbonyl, etc.
Examples of lower alkoxy groups include straight or branched C1-6 alkoxy groups, such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, tert-butoxy, sec-butoxy, n-pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, neopentyloxy, n-hexyloxy, isohexyloxy, 3-methylpentyloxy, etc.
Examples of lower alkylthio groups include straight or branched C1-6 alkylthio groups such as methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, isobutylthio, tert-butylthio, sec-butylthio, n-pentylthio, isopentylthio, neopentylthio, n-hexylthio, isohexylthio, 3-methylpentylthio, etc.
Examples of phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to three members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkoxy groups include phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to three members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and straight or branched C1-6 alkoxy groups, such as phenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxylphenyl, 2-

ethoxyphenyl, 3-ethoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 3-butoxyphenyl, 4-pentyloxyphenyl, 4-hexyloxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,4-diethoxyphenyl, 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl, 2-methoxy-4-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2,5-difluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 2,6-difluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2,3-dichlorophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 2,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 2,6-dichlorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-bromophenyl, 4-iodophenyl, 2-bromophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 2,4,6-trifluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2-iodophenyl, 3-iodophenyl, 2,3-dibromophenyl, 2,4-diiodophenyl, 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl, etc.
Examples of 5- to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic groups containing on the heterocyclic ring one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur include pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, morpholino, thiomorpholino, homopiperazinyl, homopiperidinyl, imidazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl and pyrazolidinyl.
Examples of the above-mentioned heterocyclic groups substituted with one to three members selected from the group consisting of oxo group; lower alkyl groups; lower alkanoyl groups; phenyl lower alkyl groups; phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to three members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkoxy groups; and pyridyl groups:
include the above-mentioned heterocyclic groups substituted with one to three members selected from the group consisting of oxo groups; straight or branched C1-6 alkyl groups; straight or branched C1-6 alkanoyl groups; phenyl alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group; phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to three members selected from the group consisting of

halogen atoms and straight or branched C1-6 alkoxy groups; and pyridyl groups;
such as 2-oxo-(1-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrrolidinyl, 2-oxo-(l-, 3-, 4-, 5~, or 6-)piperazinyl, 4-methyl-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl, 4-acetyl-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl, 4-ethyl-(l-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl, 2-methyl-(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrrolidinyl, 2-methyl-(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)piperidinyl, 2,4-dimethyl-(1-, 2-, 3-, 5-, or 6-)piperidinyl, 3-methyl-(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrrolidinyl, 2,3,4-trimethyl-(1-, 2-, 3-, 5-, or 6-)piperazinyl, 4-acetyl-3-methyl-(1-, 2-, 3-, 5-, or 6-)piperazinyl, 3-methyl-(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)morpholino, 2-acetyl-(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)morpholino, 4-(2-phenylethyl)-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl, 4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-(1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperazinyl, 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl, 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl, 4-[(2-, 3-, or 4-) pyridyl]-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl, 4-phenyl-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl, 4-benzyl-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperidinyl, 4-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl) - (1-, 2-, or 3-)morpholino, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrrolidinyl, 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperidinyl, 4-[(2-, 3-, or 4-) pyridyl]-(1-, 2-, or 3-)piperidinyl, 4-phenyl-(1-, 2-, or 3-) piperidinyl, 4-phenyl-3-methyl-(l-, 2-, 3-, 5-, or 6-) piperazinyl, 4-[(2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl]-2-acetyl-(1-, 2-, 3-, 5-, or 6-)piperazinyl, etc.
Examples of cycloalkyl lower alkyl groups include cycloalkyl alkyl groups wherein the cycloalkyl moiety is a C3-8 cycloalkyl group and the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group, such as cyclopropylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, 2-cyclopropylethyl, 1-cyclobutylethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, 3-cyclopentylpropyl, 4-cyclohexylbutyl, 5-cycloheptylpentyl, 6-cyclooctylhexyl, 1,l-dimethyl-2-cyclohexylethyl, 2-methyl-3-cyclopropylpropyl, etc.
Examples of lower alkylthio lower alkyl groups include alkylthioalkyl groups wherein the alkylthio moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkylthio group and the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group, such as methylthiomethyl, 2-

methylthioethyl, 1-ethylthioethyl, 2-ethylthioethyl, 3-n-butylthiopropyl, 4-n-propylthiobutyl, 1,l-dimethyl-2-n-pentylthioethyl, 5-n-hexylthiopentyl, 6-methylthiohexyl, 1-ethylthioisopropyl, 2-methyl-3-methylthiopropyl, etc.
Examples of phenoxy lower alkyl groups include phenoxy alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group, such as phenoxymethyl, 1-phenoxyethyl, 2-phenoxyethyl, 3-phenoxypropyl, 2-phenoxypropyl, 4-phenoxybutyl, 5-phenoxypentyl, 4-phenoxypentyl, 6-phenoxyhexyl, 2-methyl-3-phenoxypropyl, 1,l-dimethyl-2-phenoxyethyl, etc.
Examples of pyridyloxy lower alkyl groups include pyridyloxyalkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group, such as [2-, 3-, or 4-]pyridyloxy]methyl, l-[2-, 3-, or 4-]pyridyloxy]ethyl, 2- [2-, 3-, or 4-]pyridyloxy]ethyl, 3-[2-, 3-, or 4-]pyridyloxy]propyl, 2-[2-, 3-, or 4-]pyridyloxy]propyl, 4-[2-, 3-, or 4-]pyridyloxy]butyl, 5-[2-, 3-, or 4-]pyridyloxy]pentyl, 4-[2-, 3-, or 4-]pyridyloxy]pentyl, 6-[2-, 3-, or 4-]pyridyloxy]hexyl, 2-methyl-3-[2-, 3-, or 4-] pyridyloxy]propyl, 1,l-dimethyl-2-[2-, 3-, or 4-]pyridyloxy]ethyl, etc.
Examples of lower alkynyl groups include C2-6 straight or branched alkynyl groups, such as ethynyl, (1- or 2-) propynyl, 1-methyl-(1- or 2-)propynyl, l-ethyl-(l- or 2-)propynyl, (1-, 2-or 3-)butynyl and (1-, 2-, 3- or 4-)pentynyl, (1-, 2-, 3-, 4- or 5-)hexynyl, etc.
Examples of phenyl lower alkenyl groups include
phenylalkenyl groups containing one to three double bonds wherein the alkenyl moiety is a straight or branched C2-6, alkenyl group, such as styryl, 3-phenyl-2-propenyl (trivial name: cinnamyl), 4-phenyl-2-butenyl, 4-phenyl-3-butenyl, 5-phenyl-4-pentenyl, 5-phenyl-3-pentenyl, 6-phenyl-5-hexenyl, 6-phenyl-4-hexenyl, 6-phenyl-3-hexenyl, 4-phenyl-l,3-butadienyl, 6-phenyl-l,3,5-hexatrienyl, etc.
Examples of cycloalkyl lower alkyl groups include cycloalkyl alkyl groups wherein the cycloalkyl moiety is a C3-8

cycloalkyl group as defined above and the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of lower alkylthio lower alkyl groups include alkylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkylthio moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkylthio group as defined above and the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of amino-substituted lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or two lower alkyl groups on the amino group include amino-substituted alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or two straight or branched C1-6 alkyl groups on the amino group wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of phenoxy lower alkyl groups include phenoxy alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of pyridyloxy lower alkyl groups include pyridyloxy alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl lower alkyl groups include 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl lower alkyl groups include imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of thiazolyl lower alkyl groups include thiazolyl alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of tetrahydropyranyl lower alkyl groups include tetrahydropyranyl alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of piperidyl lower alkyl groups include piperidyl alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of diphenyl lower alkoxy-substituted lower

alkyl groups include diphenyl alkoxy-substituted alkyl groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkoxy group as defined above and the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of lower alkoxycarbonyl-substituted lower alkyl groups include alkoxycarbonyl-substituted alkyl groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkoxy group as defined above and the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of phenyl lower alkoxycarbonyl-substituted lower alkyl groups include phenyl alkoxycarbonyl-substituted alkyl groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkoxy group as defined above and the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl groups include hydroxy-substituted alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above having 1 to 3 hydroxy groups, such as hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 3,4-dihydroxybutyl, 5-hydroxypentyl, 4-hydroxypentyl, 6-hydroxyhexyl, 2, 2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropyl, 1,l-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl, 2,3,4-trihydroxybutyl, etc.
Examples of lower alkoxy lower alkyl groups include alkoxy alkyl groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkoxy group as defined above and the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above, such as methoxymethyl, 1-methoxyethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxypropyl, 3-methoxypropyl, 3-ethoxypropyl, 3-propoxypropyl, 4-methoxybutyl, 3-methoxybutyl, 5-methoxypentyl, 4-ethoxypentyl, 6-methoxyhexyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-methoxypropyl, 1, l-dimethyl-2-methoxyethyl etc.
Examples of carboxy lower alkyl groups include carboxy alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.

Examples of carbamoyl-substituted lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or two lower alkyl groups on the carbamoyl group include carbamoyl-substituted alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or two straight or branched C1-6 alkyl groups on the carbamoyl group wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of morpholinylcarbonyl lower alkyl groups include morpholinylcarbonyl alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of benzoyl lower alkyl groups include benzoyl alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of phenylthio lower alkyl groups include phenylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of naphthylthio lower alkyl groups include naphthylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of cycloalkylthio lower alkyl groups include cycloalkylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of pyridylthio lower alkyl groups include pyridylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of pyrimidinylthio lower alkyl groups include pyrimidinylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of furylthio lower alkyl groups include furylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of thienylthio lower alkyl groups include thienylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of 1,3,4-thiadiazolylthio lower alkyl groups include 1,3,4-thiadiazolylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkyl

moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of benzimidazolylthio lower alkyl groups include benzimidazolylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of benzthiazolylthio lower alkyl groups include benzthiazolylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of tetrazolylthio lower alkyl groups include tetrazolylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of benzoxazolylthio lower alkyl groups include benzoxazolylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of thiazolylthio lower alkyl groups include thiazolylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of imidazolylthio lower alkyl groups include imidazolylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of amino-substituted lower alkylthio lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or two lower alkyl groups on the amino group include amino-substituted alkylthio alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or two straight or branched C1-6alkyl groups on the amino group wherein the alkylthio moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkylthio group as defined above and the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of phenyl-substituted lower alkylthio lower alkyl groups include phenyl-substituted alkylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkylthio moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkylthio group as defined above and the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of furyl-substituted lower alkylthio lower alkyl groups include furyl-substituted alkylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkylthio moiety is a straight or branched C1-6

alkylthio group as defined above and the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of pyridyl-substituted lower alkylthio lower alkyl groups include pyridyl-substituted alkylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkylthio moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkylthio group as defined above and the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of hydroxy-substituted lower alkylthio lower alkyl groups include hydroxy-substituted alkylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkylthio moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkylthio group as defined above and the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of phenoxy-substituted lower alkylthio lower alkyl groups include phenoxy-substituted alkylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkylthio moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkylthio group as defined above and the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of lower alkoxycarbonyl-substituted lower alkylthio lower alkyl groups include alkoxycarbonyl-substituted alkylthio alkyl groups wherein the alkoxy moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkoxy group as defined above, the alkylthio moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkylthio group as defined above and the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group as defined above.
Examples of lower alkenyl groups include straight or branched C2-6 alkenyl groups, such as vinyl, 1-propenyl, allyl, 1-methylallyl, (1-, 2- or 3-)butenyl, (1-, 2-, 3- or 4-) pentenyl and (1-, 2-, 3-, 4- or 5-)hexenyl.
Examples of dihydropyridyl groups include 1,2-dihydropyridyl, 3,4-dihydropyridyl and the like.
Examples of 5- to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic group-substituted sulfonyl groups, the heterocyclic group containing one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, include pyrrolidinyl-sulfonyl, piperazinylsulfonyl, piperidinylsulfonyl, morpholino-

sulfonyl, thiomorpholinosulfonyl, homopiperazinylsulfonyl, homopiperidinylsulfonyl, imidazolidinylsulfonyl, thiazolidinyl-sulfonyl, isothiazolidinylsulfonyl, oxazolidinylsulfonyl,' isoxazolidinylsulfonyl, isothiazolidinylsulfonyl, pyrazolidinyl-sulfonyl, etc.
Examples of lower alkoxido groups include straight or branched C1-6 alkoxido groups, such as methoxido, ethoxido, etc.
The pyrrolidine compounds represented by General Formula (1) can be produced by various methods, and for example, by a method according to the following Reaction Scheme 1. [Reaction Scheme 1]


(Scheme Removed)
wherein R101 and R102 are as defined above, and R112 is an amino-protecting group.
The pyrrolidine compound (1) can be prepared by subjecting a compound (2) to an elimination reaction to remove the amino-protecting group.
Examples of amino-protecting groups usable herein include lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, lower alkanoyl groups, aryloxy carbonyl groups, aryl-substituted lower alkyl groups, etc.
Examples of lower alkoxycarbonyl groups include straight or branched C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl groups, such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, pentyloxycarbonyl, hexyloxycarbonyl, etc.
Examples of lower alkanoyl groups include straight or

branched C1-6 alkanoyl groups, such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, pentanoyl, tert-butylcarbonyl, hexanoyl, etc.
Examples of aryloxycarbonyl groups include phenoxy carbonyl groups optionally substituted with one to three substituents; naphthyloxy carbonyl groups optionally substituted with one to three substituents; etc. Examples of substituents for aryl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2, 3-dihydroxypropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 1, l-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl, 5,5,4-trihydroxypentyl, 5-hydroxypentyl, 6-hydroxyhexyl, 1-hydroxyisopropyl, 2-methyl-3-hydroxypropyl, trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, chloromethyl, bromomethyl, fluoromethyl, iodomethyl, difluoromethyl, dibromomethyl, 2-cloroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 3-chloropropyl, 2,3-dichloropropyl, 4,4,4-trichlorobutyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 5-chloropentyl, 3-chloro-2-methylpropyl, 5-bromohexyl, 5,6-dichlorohexyl, 3-hydroxy-2-chloropropyl, or like straight or branched Ci-e alkyl groups optionally substituted with one to three members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and a hydroxyl group; methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentyloxy, n-hexyloxy, hydroxymethoxy, 2-hydroxyethoxy, 1-hydroxyethoxy, 3-hydroxypropoxy, 2,3-dihydroxypropoxy, 4-hydroxybutoxy, 1,l-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethoxy, 5,5,4-trihydroxypentyloxy% 5-hydroxypentyloxy, 6-hydroxyhexyloxy, 1-hydroxyisopropoxy, 2-methyl-3-hydroxypropoxy, trifluoromethoxy, trichloromethoxy, chloromethoxy, bromomethoxy, fluoromethoxy, iodomethoxy, difluoromethoxy, dibromomethoxy, 2-chloroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy, 3-chloropropoxy, 2,3-dichloropropoxy, 4,4,4-trichlorobutoxy, 4-fluorobutoxy, 5-chloropentyloxy, 3-chloro-2-methylpropoxy, 5-bromohexyloxy, 5,6-dichlorohexyloxy, 3-hydroxy-2-chloropropoxy, or like straight or branched C1-6 alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one to three members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and a hydroxyl group; halogen atoms such as fluorine, bromine,

chlorine, and iodine; etc. When two or more substituents are present, the substituents may be the same or different.
Examples of aryl-substituted lower alkyl groups include benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 1-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl,. 4-phenylbutyl, 5-phenylpentyl, 6-phenylhexyl, 1,l-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl, 2-methyl-3-phenylpropyl, α-naphthylmethyl, ß-naphthylmethyl, 2-(α-naphthyl)ethyl, 1-(ß-naphthyl)ethyl, 3-(α-naphthyl)propyl, 4- (ß-naphthyl)butyl, 5-(α-naphthyl)pentyl, 6-(ß-naphthyl)hexyl, 1,l-dimethyl-2-(α-naphthyl)ethyl, 2-methyl-3-(ß~ naphthyl)propyl, like phenyl-substituted straight or branched C1-6 alkyl groups optionally substituted with one to three substituents; or like naphtyl-substituted straight or branched C1-6 alkyl groups optionally substituted with one to three substituents. Examples of substituents for aryl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, hydroxymethy1, 2-hydroxyethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl, 5,5,4-trihydroxypentyl, 5-hydroxypentyl, 6-hydroxyhexyl, 1-hydroxyisopropyl, 2-methyl-3-hydroxypropyl, trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, chloromethyl, bromomethyl, fluoromethyl, iodomethyl, difluoromethyl, dibromomethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 3-chloropropyl, 2,3-dichloropropyl, 4,4,4-trichlorobutyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 5-chloropentyl, 3-chloro-2-methylpropyl, 5-bromohexyl, 5,6-dichlorohexyl, 3-hydroxy-2-chloropropyl, or like straight or branched C1-6 alkyl groups optionally substituted with one to three members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and a hydroxyl group; methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentyloxy, n-hexyloxy, hydroxymethoxy, 2-hydroxyethoxy, 1-hydroxyethoxy, 3-hydroxypropoxy, 2,3-dihydroxypropoxy, 4-hydroxybutoxy, 1,1-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethoxy, 5,5,4-trihydroxypentyloxy, 5-hydroxypentyloxy, 6-hydroxyhexyloxy, 1-hydroxyisopropoxy, 2-methyl-3-hydroxypropoxy, trifluoromethoxy, trichloromethoxy, chloromethoxy, bromomethoxy, fluoromethoxy, iodomethoxy,

difluoromethoxy, dibromomethoxy, 2-chloroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy, 3-chloropropoxy, 2,3-dichloropropoxy, 4,4,4-trichlorobutoxy, 4-fluorobutoxy, 5-chloropentyloxy, 3-chloro-2-methylpropoxy, 5-bromohexyloxy, 5,6-dichlorohexyloxy, 3-hydroxy-2-chloropropoxy, or like straight or branched C1-6 alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one to three members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and a hydroxyl group; halogen atoms such as fluorine, bromine, chlorine, and iodine; etc. When two or more substituents are present, the substituents may be the same or different.
The reaction for producing compound (1) from compound (2) is carried out in a suitable solvent or without solvent in the presence of an acid or basic compound. This reaction is referred to as "Reaction A" hereinafter.
Examples of useful solvents include water; lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, monoglyme and diglyme; aliphatic acids such as acetic acid and formic acid; esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane and carbon tetrachloride; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetarrd.de and N-methylpyrolidone; dimethyl sulfoxide; hexamethylphosphoric triamide; and mixtures of such solvents.
Examples of useful acids include mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and hydrobromic acid; and organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid.
Examples of useful basic compounds include carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate and potassium hydrogencarbonate; and metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide.
An acid or basic compound is usually used in an amount of at least about 1 mole, and preferably about 1 to about 10

moles, per mole of compound (2) . However, an acid may also be used in a large excess relative to compound (2).
The reaction advantageously proceeds usually at about 0 to about 200°C, and preferably at about 0 to about 150°C, and usually finishes in about 10 minutes to about 30 hours.
When R112 of compound (2) is an aryl-substituted lower alkyl group, it is also possible to produce compound (1) by the reduction of such compound (2).
The reduction reaction can be carried out, for example, by catalytic hydrogenation in a suitable solvent in the presence of a catalyst.
Examples of useful solvents include water; acetic acid; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol; hydrocarbons such as n-hexane and cyclohexane; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; esters such as ethyl acetate and methyl acetate; aprotic polar solvents such as dimethylformamide; and mixtures of such solvents.
Examples of useful catalysts include palladium, palladium black, palladium carbon, platinum, platinum oxide, copper chromite, Raney nickel and mixtures thereof. A catalyst is preferably used in an amount of about 0.02 to about 1 times by weight of compound (2) .
The reaction temperature for the reduction reaction is usually about -20 to about 100°C, and preferably about 0 to about 80°C, and the hydrogen pressure is usually from 1 to 10 atm. The reaction usually finishes in about 0.5 to about 20 hours.
When R112 of compound (2) is an aryl-substituted lower alkyl group, compound (2) can be reacted to form compound (1) by steps of (i) treating compound (2) with a dealkylating agent in a suitable solvent; and (ii) heating the resulting compound in a suitable solvent.
The solvent for use in the reaction of step (i) may be the same as any solvent used for reaction (A).
Examples of useful dealkylating agents include formic

esters such as 1-chloroethyl chloroformate, ethyl chloroformate and tert-butyl chloroformate. A dealkylating agent is usually used in an amount of at least about 1 mole of compound (2), and preferably about 1 mole to about 10 moles, per mole of compound (2).
The reaction advantageously proceeds usually at about 0
to about 150°C, and preferably at room temperature to about 100°C, and usually completes in about 1 to about 25 hours.
Examples of solvents for use in step (ii) include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol. Heating is conducted usually at about 0 to about 150°C, and preferably at room temperature to about 100°C for about 1 to about 10 hours.
The compound of General Formula (2) used as a starting material can be easily produced, for example, by the process shown by Reaction Scheme 2: [Reaction Scheme 2]

(Scheme Removed)
wherein R101, R102 and R112 are the same as above.
The reaction of compound (3) with compound (4) is carried out, for example, without solvent or in a suitable solvent in the presence of a reducing agent.
For the reaction, compound (4) is usually used in an amount of at least about 1 mole per mole of compound (3) , and preferably equivalent to a large excess relative to compound (3) .
Examples of useful solvents include water; lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, tert-

butanol and ethylene glycol; acetonitrile; aliphatic acids such as formic acid and acetic acid; ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, monoglyme and diglyme; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane and carbon tetrachloride; and mixtures of such solvents.
Examples of reducing agents include aliphatic acids such as formic acid; aliphatic acid alkali metal salts such as sodium formate; hydride reducing agents such as sodium boronhydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, aluminium lithium hydride or mixtures of such hydride reducing agents; catalytic hydrogenation reducing agents such as palladium black, palladium carbon, platinum oxide, platinum black and Raney nickel.
When an aliphatic acid or aliphatic acid alkali metal salt is used as a reducing agent, a suitable temperature is usually from room temperature to about 200°C, and preferably from about 50 to about 150°C. The reaction usually completes in about 10 minutes to about 10 hours. The aliphatic acid or aliphatic acid alkali metal salt is preferably used in a large excess relative to compound (3) .
When a hydride reducing agent is used as a reducing agent, a suitable reaction temperature is usually from about -80 to about 100°C, and preferably about -80 to about 70°C. The reaction usually finishes in about 30 minutes to about 60 hours. The hydride reducing agent is usually used in an amount of about 1 to about 20 moles per mole of compound (3) , and preferably about 1 to about 6 moles per mole of compound (3) . Especially when aluminium lithium hydride is used as a hydride reducing agent, it is preferable to use ethers, such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, monoglyme and diglyme, and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene and xylene, or mixtures of such solvents as solvents. To the reaction system of the reaction may be added amine(s) such as trimethylamine, triethylamine and N-ethyldiisopropyl amine or molecular sieves such as molecular

sieves of the type 3A (MS-3A) and molecular sieves of the type 4A (MS-4A).
When a catalytic hydrogenation reducing agent is used as a reducing agent, the reaction is usually carried out at about -30
to about 100°C, and preferably about 0 to -about 60°C, in a hydrogen atmosphere of about atmospheric pressure to about 20 atm, and preferably about atmospheric pressure to about 10 atm, or in the presence of a hydrogen donor such as formic acid, ammonium formate, cyclohexene and hydrazine hydrate. The reaction usually finishes in about 1 to about 12 hours. The catalytic hydrogenation reducing agent is usually used in an amount of about 0.1 to about 40 wt%, and preferably about 1 to about 20 wt%, of compound (3). [Reaction Scheme 3]

(Scheme Removed)
wherein R101, R102 and R112 are the same as above; R113 represents a lower alkylsulfonyloxy group, a phenylsulfonyloxy group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more lower alkyl groups, or a halogen atom.
The lower alkylsulfonyloxy group is a group consisting of a C1-6 alkyl group and a sulfonyloxy group, examples of which include methanesulfonyloxy, ethanesulfonyloxy, propanesulfonyloxy, butanesulfonyloxy, pentanesulfonyloxy and hexanesulfonyloxy.
Examples of phenylsulfonyloxy groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more lower alkyl groups are benzene sulfonyloxy groups which may be substituted with one to three straight or branched C1-6 alkyl groups, such as benzenesulfonyloxy, o-toluenesulfonyloxy, m-toluenesulfonyloxy,

p-toluenesulfonyloxy, 2-ethylbenzenesulfonyloxy, 3-ethylbenzenesulfonyloxy, 4-ethylbenzenesulfonyloxy, 2-propylbenzenesulfonyloxy, 3-propylbenzenesulfonyloxy, 4-propylbenzenesulfonyloxy, 2,3-dimethylbenzenesulfonyloxy, 2,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonyloxy and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonyloxy.
Examples of halogen atoms include fluorine, bromine, chlorine and iodine atoms.
The reaction of compound (4) with compound (5) is carried out in a suitable solvent in the presence of a basic compound.
Examples of useful inert solvents include water; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 2-methoxyethanol, monoglyme and diglyme; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride; lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, tert-butanol and ethylene glycol; aliphatic acids such as acetic acid; esters such as ethyl acetate and methyl acetate; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; acetonitrile, pyridine, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide and hexamethyl phosphoramide; and mixtures of such solvents.
Examples of basic compounds include carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate and cesium carbonate; alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide; phosphates such as potassium phosphate and sodium phosphate; alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride and potassium hydride; alkali metals such as potassium and sodium; sodium amide; metal alcoholates such as sodium methylate, sodium ethylate and sodium n-butoxide, sodium tert-butoxide and potassium tert-butoxide; organic bases such as pyridine, imidazole, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, dimethylaniline, N-methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonene-5 (DBN), 1,8-

diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undecene-7 (DBU) and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO); and mixtures of such basic compounds.
Compound (5) is usually used in an amount of at least about 0.1 mole per mole of compound (4), and preferably about 0.1 to about 10 moles per mole of compound (4).
A basic compound is usually used in an amount of at least about 1 mole per mole of compound (4), and preferably about 1 to about 10 moles per mole of compound (4).
For the reaction, compound (4) may be used in a large excess instead of adding a basic compound.
Alkali metal halogen compound(s), such as sodium iodide and potassium iodide, may be added to the reaction system of the reaction.
The reaction is usually carried out at about 0 to about 200°C, and preferably about 0 to about 150°C, and usually completes in about 5 minutes to about 80 hours. Reaction Scheme 4

(Scheme Removed)
wherein R101, R102 and R112 are the same as above, and X represents a halogen atom.
The reaction between compounds (6) and (7) and the reaction between compounds (8) and (9) are carried out under the same conditions as in the reaction between compounds (5) and (4) shown by Reaction Scheme 3.
When R101 or R102 of compound (6) represents any of the groups shown by (1) to (14), (17) to (32) and (40) to (50), the reaction between compound (6) and compound (7) is carried out in

a suitable solvent in the presence of a basic compound and catalyst. Similarly, when R101 or R102 of compound (8) represents any of the groups shown by (1) to (14), (17) to (32) and (40) to (50), the reaction between compound (8) and compound (9) is carried out in a suitable solvent in the presence of a basic compound and catalyst.
The solvent and basic compound for use in the reaction may each be the same as those used for the reaction between compounds (5) and (4) shown by Reaction Scheme 3.
Examples of catalysts include palladium compounds such
as palladium acetate, bis(tributyl
tin)/bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium, copper iodide/2, 2'-
bipyridyl, bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium, tris
(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, [1,1'-bis (diphenyl
phosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) and tetrakis(triphenyl phosphine)palladium; binaphthyl compounds such as R-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-l,l'-binaphthyl(R-BINAP), S-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl(S-BINAP), and RAC-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl(RAC-BINAP); xanthene compounds such as 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene; berates such as tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate; 2,2-bis(diphenyl imidazolidinylidene); and mixtures thereof.
A basic compound is usually used in an amount of at least about 0.5 mole per mole of compound (6) or (8), and preferably about 0.5 to about 40 moles per mole of compound (6) or (8).
A catalyst may be used in a usual catalytic amount for compound (6) or (8).
Compounds (7) and (9) are usually used in amounts of at least about 0.5 mole per mole of compounds (6) and (8), respectively, and preferably about 0.5 to about 3 moles per mole of compounds (6) and (8) .
These reactions advantageously proceed usually at room

temperature to about 200°C, and preferably at room temperature to about 150°C, and usually complete in about 0.5 to about 20 hours.
When R101 or R102 of compound (6) represents any of the groups shown by (1) to (14), (17) to (32) and (40) to (50), the reaction between compound (6) and compound (7) is carried out in a suitable solvent in the presence of a basic compound, copper iodide and ethylene glycol. Similarly, when R101 or R102 of compound (8) represents any of the groups shown by (1) to (14), (17) to (32) and (40) to (50), the reaction between compound (8) and compound (9) is carried out in a suitable solvent in the presence of a basic compound, copper iodide and ethylene glycol.
The solvent and basic compound for use in the reaction may each be the same as those used for the reaction between compounds (5) and (4) shown by Reaction Scheme 3.
Copper iodide and ethylene glycol may each be used usually in an amount of about 0.01 to 3 moles, and preferably about 0.05 to about 1 mole, per mole of compound (6) or (7).
Compounds (7) and (9) are usually used in amounts of at least about 1 mole per mole of compounds (6) and (8), respectively, and preferably about 1 to about 2 moles per mole of compounds (6) and (8).
These reactions advantageously proceed usually at room temperature to about 200°C, and preferably at room temperature to about 150°C, and usually completes in about 0.5 to about 50 hours.
When R101 or R102 of compound (6) represents any of the groups shown by (1) to (14), (17) to (32) and (40) to (50), the reaction between compound (6) and compound (7) is carried out in a suitable solvent in the presence of a silane compound such as sodium bis (trimethylsilyl) amide. Similarly, when R101 or R102 of compound (8) represents any of the groups shown by (1) to (14), (17) to (32) and (40) to (50), the reaction between compound (8) and compound (9) is carried out in a suitable solvent in the presence of a silane compound such as sodium bis(trimethylsilyl) amide.
The solvent for use in the reaction may be the same as

that used for the reaction between compounds (5) and (4) shown by Reaction Scheme 3.
A silane compound is usually used in an amount of about 0.1 to about 3 moles, and preferably about 0.1 to about 2 moles, per mole of compound (6) or (7).
Compounds (7) and (9) are usually used in amounts of at least about 1 mole per mole of compounds (6) and (8), respectively, and preferably about 1 to about 2 moles per mole of compounds (6) and (8).
These reactions advantageously proceed usually at about 0 to about 200°C, and preferably at about 0 to about 150°C, and usually finishes in about 0.5 to about 20 hours.
Depending on the kind of compound (7) used, the reaction of compound (6) and compound (7) produces, instead of compound (8), compound (10) shown below:
(Formula Removed)
wherein R101 and R112 are the same as above. [Reaction Scheme 5]
(Scheme Removed)
wherein R101 and X are the same as above, R108 represents any of the groups shown by (1-1) to (1-37) as defined in General Formula

(1), R110 and R111 are linked together to form, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, 5 to 7-membered one nitrogen atom-containing saturated heterocyclic groups which may have one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, the heterocyclic group optionally being substituted with one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of oxo group; lower alkyl groups; lower alkanoyl groups; phenyl lower alkyl groups; phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to three members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkoxy groups; and pyridyl groups, and b1 represents an integer from 0 to 3.
Examples of 5- to 7-membered one nitrogen atom-containing saturated heterocyclic groups which may have one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur include pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, morpholino, thiomorpholino, homopiperazinyl, homopiperidinyl, imidazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl and pyrazolidinyl.
Examples of the above-mentioned heterocyclic groups substituted with one to three members selected from the group consisting of oxo group; lower alkyl groups; lower alkanoyl groups; phenyl lower alkyl groups; phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to three members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and lower alkoxy groups; and pyridyl groups:
include the above-mentioned heterocyclic groups substituted with one to three members selected from the group consisting of oxo groups; straight or branched C1-6 alkyl groups; straight or branched C1-6 alkanoyl groups; phenyl alkyl groups wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched C1-6 alkyl group; phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to three members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and straight or branched C1-6 alkoxy groups; and pyridyl groups;

such as 2-oxo-(l-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrrolidinyl, 2-oxo-(l-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-) piperazinyl, 4 -methyl- (1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl, 4-acetyl- (1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl, 4-ethyl-(l-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl, 2 -methyl- (1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrrolidinyl, 2 -methyl- (1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)piperidinyl, 2, 4 -dimethyl- (1-, 2-, 3-, 5-, or 6-)piperidinyl, 3 -methyl- (1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrrolidinyl, 2, 3, 4-trimethyl- (1-, 2-, 3-, 5-, or 6-)piperazinyl, 4-acetyl-3-methyl- (1-, 2-, 3-, 5-, or 6-)piperazinyl, 3-methyl- (2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)morpholino, 2-acetyl-(2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-)morpholino, 4- (2-phenylethyl) - (1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl, 4- (3,4-dichlorophenyl) - (1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-)piperazinyl, 4- (4-methoxyphenyl) - (1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl, 4-(2-chlorophenyl) - (1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl, 4- [(2-, 3-, or 4-) pyridyl] - (1-, 2-, or 3-) piperazinyl, 4-phenyl- (1-, 2-, or 3-)piperazinyl, 4-benzyl- (1-, 2-, or 3-)piperidinyl, 4- (3,4-dichlorophenyl) - (1-, 2-, or 3-)morpholino, 2- (4-methoxyphenyl) -(1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-)pyrrolidinyl, 4- (2-chlorophenyl) - (1-, 2-, or 3-)piperidinyl, 4- [(2-, 3-, or 4-) pyridyl] - (1-, 2-, or 3-)piperidinyl, 4-phenyl- (1-, 2-, or 3-) piperidinyl, 4-phenyl-3-methyl-(l-, 2-, 3-, 5-, or 6-) piperazinyl, 4- [(2-, 3-, or 4-) pyridyl] -2-acetyl- (1-, 2-, 3-, 5-, or 6-) piperazinyl, etc.
The reaction between compound (11) and compound (12) is carried out under the same conditions as in the reaction between compounds (6) and (7) shown by Reaction Scheme 4. [Reaction Scheme 6]

(Scheme Removed)
wherein R101, R108, b' and X are the same as above.
Compound (14) is produced by reacting compound (11) with a metal cyanide compound in a suitable solvent in the

presence of a catalyst.
Examples of metal cyanide compounds include sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, zinc cyanide, copper cyanide, etc.
The solvent and catalyst for use in the reaction may each be the same as those used for the reaction between compounds (6) and (7) shown by Reaction Scheme 4. The catalyst may be used in a usual catalytic amount for compound (11) .
The metal cyanide compound is usually used in an amount of at least about 1 mole per mole of compound (11) , and preferably about 1 to about 3 moles per mole of compound (11) .
The reaction advantageously proceeds usually at room temperature to about 200°C, and preferably at room temperature to about 150°C, and usually completes in about 0.5 to about 20 hours. [Reaction Scheme 7]
(Scheme Removed)
wherein R101, R108, b' and X are the same as above, and R114
represents any of the groups shown by (1-3), (1-12), (1-14), (1-19), (1-23), (1-30), and (1-31) in General Formula (1) .
The reaction between compound (11) and compound (15) is carried out under the same conditions as in the reaction between compounds (6) and (7) shown by Reaction Scheme 4. [Reaction Scheme 8]

(Scheme Removed)
wherein R101 and R112 are the same as above; R115 represents a
phenyl group, phenyl lower alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, cycloalkyl lower alkyl group, lower alkylthio lower alkyl group, amino-substituted lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the amino group with one or two lower alkyl groups, phenoxy lower alkyl group, or pyridyl lower alkyl group; and R116 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl group. R115 and R116 may alternatively be linked together to form a cycloalkyl group, provided that the total number of carbon atoms of the portion CH(R116) (R115) in the side chain - (R101)CH(R116) (R115) of compound (18) does not exceed 6.
The reaction between compound (8) and compound (17) is carried out under the same conditions as in the reaction between compounds (3) and (4) shown by Reaction Scheme 2, except for using compound (17) usually in an amount of at least 1 mole per mole of compound (8), and preferably 1 to 5 moles per mole of compound (8). [Reaction Scheme 9]

(Scheme Removed)

wherein R101, and R112 are the same as above; a' represents an
integer from 0 to 4; R103 represents any of the groups shown by (1-1) to (1-37) as defined in General Formula (1), R117 represents a lower alkoxycarbonyl group; and R118 represents a carboxy group. Compound (20) is produced by the hydrolysis of compound
(19) .
The hydrolysis of compound (19) is carried out in a suitable solvent or without solvent in the presence of an acid or basic compound.
Examples of useful solvents include water; lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, monoglyme and diglyme; aliphatic acids such as acetic acid and formic acid; esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane and carbon tetrachloride; dimethylsulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, and hexamethylphosphortriamide; and mixtures of such solvents.
Examples of acids include mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and hydrobromic acid; and organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid and sulfonic acids such as trifluoroacetic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid. Such acids may be used singly or in combination.
Examples of basic compounds include carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate and potassium hydrogencarbonate; alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide; alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as calcium hydroxide; and other like basic compounds. Such .basic compounds may be used singly or in combination.
The hydrolysis reaction advantageously proceeds usually at about 0 to about 200°C, preferably about 0 to about 150°C, and usually finishes in about 10 minutes to about 30 hours.
Compound (19) is produced by reacting compound (20) with the compound shown by General Formula (21):
R119OH (21) wherein R119 represents a lower alkyl group.
Conditions usually selected for esterification reactions are applicable to the reaction between compounds (20) and (21). For example, the reaction between compounds (20) and

(21) can be carried out in the presence of a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid; or a halogenating agent such as thionyl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentachloride and phosphorus trichloride. Compound (21) is used in a large excess relative to compound (20). The reaction advantageously proceeds usually at about 0 to about 150°C, and preferably about 50 to about 100°C, and usually completes in about 1 to about 10 hours.
[Reaction Scheme 10]

(Scheme Removed)

wherein R101, R103, a' and R112 are the same as above; R120 represents a lower alkylthio group; and R121 represents a lower alkylsulfonyl group.
The reaction for producing compound (23) from compound (22) is carried out in a suitable solvent in the presence of an oxidizing agent.
Examples of useful solvents include water; aliphatic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid; alcohols such as methanol and ethanol; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane; and mixtures of such solvents.
Examples of useful oxidizing agents include peracids such as performic acid, peracetic acid, pertrifluoroacetic acid, peroxybenzoic acids, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid and o-carboxyperoxybenzoic acid; hydrogen peroxide; sodium metaperiodate; dichromates such as dichromic acid, sodium dichromate and potassium dichromate; permanganates such as

permanganic acid, sodium permanganate and potassium permanganate; lead salts such as lead tetraacetate.
An oxidizing agent is usually used in an amount of at least about 2 moles per mole of compound (22), and preferably about 2 to 4 moles per mole of compound (22).
The reaction is usually carried out at about -10 to about 150°C, preferably at about -10 to about 100°C, and usually finishes in about 1 to about 10 hours. [Reaction Scheme 11]
(Scheme Removed)
wherein R101 and R112 are the same as above; R122 represents a lower alkyl group having one or more halogen atoms; R123 represents an amino-substituted lower alkyl group optionally substituted on the amino group with one or two lower alkyl groups; and R123a represents an amino group optionally substituted on the amino group with one or two lower alkyl groups.
The reaction between compound (24) and compound (25) is carried out under the same conditions as in the reaction between compounds (5) and (4) shown by Reaction Scheme 3.
Compounds (7) and (9) used as starting materials can be easily produced, for example, by the process shown in Reaction Scheme below: [Reaction Scheme 12]

(Scheme Removed)
zwherein X is the same as above, and R124 represents a lower alkyl group having one or more halogen atoms .
The reaction between compound (27) and compound (28) is carried out under the same conditions as in the reaction between compounds (5) and (4) shown by Reaction Scheme 3.
Compound (8) as a starting material can be produced, for example, by the process shown by Reaction Scheme 13 below: [Reaction Scheme 13]

(Scheme Removed)
wherein R103, a', X and R112 are the same as above.
The reaction for producing compound (31) from compound (30) is carried out, for example, without solvent or in a suitable solvent in the presence of a reducing agent.
Examples of useful solvents include water; lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, tert-butanol and ethylene glycol; acetonitrile; aliphatic acids such as formic acid and acetic acid; ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, monoglyme and diglyme; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride; and mixtures of such solvents.
Examples of a reducing agent include catalytic hydrogenation reducing agents such as palladium black, palladium

carbon, platinum oxide, platinum black and Raney nickel, and the like.
A catalytic hydrogenation reducing agent is usually used in an amount of about 0.1 to 40 wt%, and preferably about 0.1 to about 20 wt%, of compound (30).
The reaction advantageously proceeds by adding basic compound(s) such as sodium hydroxide to the reaction system of the reaction.
The reaction is usually carried out at about -30 to
about 100°C, and preferably at about 0 to about 60°C, in a hydrogen atmosphere of atmospheric pressure to about 20 atm, and preferably atmospheric pressure to about 10 atm. The reaction usually finishes in about 1 to about 12 hours.
Compounds (3), (5) and (6) used as starting materials can be easily produced by, for example, Reaction Scheme shown below: [Reaction Scheme 14]

(Scheme Removed)
wherein R112 and X are the same as above, and R125 represents an oxo group, a group represented by R113, or an amino group, R113 being the same as above.
The reaction between compounds (32) and (33) is carried out under the same conditions as in the reaction between compounds (5) and (4) shown by Reaction Scheme 3 above.
Compound (4) used as a starting material is easily produced, for example, by the process shown by Reaction Scheme below: [Reaction Scheme 15]
(Scheme Removed)
wherein R101, R102 and X are the same as the above.
The reaction of compound (35) with compound (9) is carried under the same conditions as described in connection with the reaction of compound (6) with compound (7) shown in Reaction Scheme 4.
Compounds (2), (8), (13), (14), (16), (18), (19), (20),
(23) and (26) each of whose R112 is a hydrogen atom, can be
produced by replacing R112 with a hydrogen atom in compounds (3),
(5), (6), (8), (11), (19), (20), (22) and (24), which are used as starting materials in each reaction shown by Reaction Schemes 2-11, using the thus-obtained compound as a starting material, and reacting the starting material under the same conditions as in the reactions shown by Reaction Schemes 2-11.
If an optically active substance is used as a starting material (compounds (5), (6), (8), (11), (19), (20), (22) and
(24) ) in the reactions shown by Reaction Schemes 3-11, optically
active compounds (2), (8), (13), (14), (16), (18), (19), (20),
(23) and (26) can be produced by reacting the compound under the
same conditions as in the reaction shown by Reaction Schemes 3-11.
It is also possible to produce compound (1) of the
present invention by using compound (2), (8), (13), (14), (16),
(18), (19), (20), (23) or (26) produced in the reactions of
Reaction Schemes 2-11 as a starting material in the reaction of
Reaction Scheme 1 without isolating it.
Each of the objective compounds obtained according to such an above reaction scheme can be isolated and purified from the reaction mixture by, for example, after cooling the reaction mixture, performing an isolation procedure such as filtration, concentration, extraction, etc., to separate a crude reaction product, and then subjecting the crude reaction product to a
standard purification procedure such as column chromatography, recrystallization, etc.
The compound of General Formula (1) according to the present invention includes stereoisomers and optical isomers thereof.
Among the starting compounds and object pyrrolidine compound of the present invention, those having a basic group or groups may be suitable to form salts with common pharmaceutically acceptable acids. Examples of such acids include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and other inorganic acids; methansulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid and other organic acids, etc.
Among the starting compounds and object pyrrolidine compound of the present invention, those having an acidic group or groups may be suitable to form salts with common pharmaceutically acceptable basic compounds. Examples of such basic compounds include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, etc.
In addition, compounds in the form in which solvate (for example, hydrate, ethanolate, etc.) was added to the starting compounds and object compound shown in each of the reaction formulae are included in each of the general formaulae.
Pharmaceutical preparations containing the compound of the present invention as an active ingredient are explained below.
Such pharmaceutical preparations are obtained by formulating the compound of the present invention into standard pharmaceutical preparations, using typically employed diluents and/or excipients such as fillers, extenders, binders, wetting agents, disintegrants, surfactants, lubricants, etc.
The form of such pharmaceutical preparations can be selected from various forms according to the purpose of therapy. Typical examples include tablets, pills, powders, solutions,
suspensions, emulsions, granules, capsules, suppositories, injections (solutions, suspensions, etc.) and the like.
To form tablets, any of various known carriers can be used, including, for example, lactose, white sugar, sodium chloride, glucose, urea, starch, calcium carbonate, kaolin, crystalline cellulose and other excipients; water, ethanol, propanol, simple syrup, glucose solutions, starch solutions, gelatin solutions, carboxymethylcellulose, shellac, methylcellulose, potassium phosphate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and other binders; dry starch, sodium alginate, agar powder, laminaran powder, sodium hydrogencarbonate, calcium carbonate, fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylenesorbitan, sodium laurylsulfate, stearic acid monoglycerides, starch, lactose and other disintegrants; white sugar, stearin, cacao butter, hydrogenated oils and other disintegration inhibitors; quaternary ammonium bases, sodium lauryl sulfate and other absorption promoters; glycerol, starch and other wetting agents; starch, lactose, kaolin, bentonite, colloidal silicic acid and other adsorbents; purified talc, stearates, boric acid powder, polyethylene glycol and other lubricants; etc.
Such tablets may be coated with typical coating materials as required, to prepare, for example, sugar-coated tablets, gelatin-coated tablets, enteric-coated tablets, film-coated tablets, double- or multi-layered tablets, etc.
To form pills, any of various known carriers can be used, including, for example, glucose, lactose, starch, cacao butter, hydrogenated vegetable oils, kaolin, talc and other excipients; gum arabic powder, tragacanth powder, gelatin, ethanol and other binders; laminaran, agar and other disintegrants; etc.
To form suppositories, any of various known carriers can be used, including, for example, polyethylene glycol, cacao butter, higher alcohols, esters of higher alcohols, gelatin, semisynthetic glycerides, etc.
To form an injection, a solution, emulsion or
suspension is sterilized and preferably made isotonic to blood. Any of various known widely used diluents can be employed to prepare the solution, emulsion or suspension. Examples of such diluents include water, ethanol, propylene glycol, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohol, polyoxylated isostearyl alcohol, fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan, etc. In this case, the pharmaceutical preparation may contain sodium chloride, glucose or glycerol in an amount sufficient to prepare an isotonic solution, and may contain typical solubilizers, buffers, analgesic agents, etc., and further, if necessary, coloring agents, preservatives, flavors, sweetening agents, etc., and/or other medicines.
The proportion of the compound of the present invention in the pharmaceutical preparation is not limited and can be suitably selected from a wide range. It is usually preferable that the pharmaceutical preparation contain the compound of the present invention in a proportion of 1 to 70 wt.%.
The route of administration of the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention is not limited, and the preparation is administered by a route suitable to the form of the preparation, patient's age and sex, status of the disease, and other conditions. For example, tablets, pills, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, granules and capsules are administered orally. Injections are intravenously administered singly or as mixed with typical injection transfusions such as glucose solutions, amino acid solutions or the like, or singly administered intramuscularly, intracutaneously, subcutaneously or intraperitoneally, as required. Suppositories are administered intrarectally.
The dosage of the pharmaceutical preparation is suitably selected according to the method of use, patient's age and sex, severity of the disease, and other conditions, and is usually about 0.001 to about 100 mg/kg body weight/day, and preferably 0.001 to 50 mg/kg body weight/day, in single or divided doses.
Since the dosage varies depending on various conditions, a dosage smaller than the above range may be sufficient or a dosage larger than the above range may be required. [Effect of the invention]
The pyrrolidine compound of the present invention has an effect of inhibiting reuptake of one, two, or three kinds of monoamines (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine).
The pyrrolidine compound of the present invention exhibits significantly stronger uptake inhibitory activity to one of these three monoamines than known compounds having uptake inhibitory activity to monoamines in vitro or ex vivo experiments. In the microdialysis study, the pyrrolidine compound of the present invention also exhibits significantly stronger effects for increasing one of these three monoamines in the rat brain than known compounds having uptake inhibitory activity to monoamines.
The pyrrolidine compound of the present invention has wider spectrum for the medical treatment than known antidepressants.
The pyrrolidine compound of the present invention exhibits sufficient therapeutic effects even after short-term administration.
The pyrrolidine compound of the present invention has excellent bioavailability, little metabolic enzyme inhibitive activity in the liver, little side effects, and is very safe.
The pyrrolidine compound of the present invention exhibits strong activity in a mouse forced-swimming test/tail suspension test, which is used for screening for antidepressants. The pyrrolidine compound of the present invention also exhibits strong activity in the rat forced-swimming test, which is used for screening for antidepressants. The pyrrolidine compound of the present invention also exhibits strong activity in the reserpine-induced hypothermia model, which is used for screening for antidepressants
The pyrrolidine compound of the present invention also
exhibits strong activity in the mouse marble-burying behavior test, and a conditioned fear stress model, which are a anxiety-or stress-related disease models.
The pyrrolidine compound of the present invention has an effect of inhibiting reuptake of one, two, or three kinds of monoamines (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine), and therefore is effective for treating various disorders caused by reduced neurotransmission of serotonin, norepinephrine or dopamine.
Examples of such diseases include hypertension, depressions (e.g., major depression, bipolar 1 disorder, bipolar 2 disorder, mixed episode, dysthymic disorders, rapid cycler, atypical depression, seasonal affective disorders, postpartum depression, minor depression, recurrent brief depressive disorder, intractable depression/chronic depression, double depression, alcohol-induced mood disorders, mixed anxiety & depressive disorders; depressions induced by various physical disorders such as Gushing's disease, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism syndrome, Addison's disease, amenorrhea and lactation syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, intracerebral bleeding, diabetes, chronic fatigue syndrome and cancers; depression of the middle-aged, senile depression, depression of children and adolescents, depression induced by medicines such as interferons), depression induced by adjustment disorder, anxiety induced by adjustment disorder, anxiety induced by various physical disorders (e.g neuropathy(head trauma, brain infection, inner ear injury), cardiovascular disturbance (cardiac arrest, abnormal cardiac rhythm), endocrine disorder (adrenal hyperfunctio, cachexia exophthalmica), breathing problem (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)), generalized anxiety disorders, fears (e.g., agoraphobia, social phobia, and simple phobias), posttraumatic stress syndrome, acute stress syndrome, avoidant personality disorders, body dysmorphic disorde, precocious ejaculation, eating disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), obesity, chemical dependencies (e.g., to alcohol, cocaine, heroin,
phenobarbital, nicotine, and benzodiazepines), cluster headache, migraine, pain disorder, Alzheimer's disease, obsessive-compulsive disorders, panic disorders, memory disorders (e.g., dementia, amnestic disorder, and age-related cognitive decline (ARCD)), Parkinson's disease (e.g., dementia caused by Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic agent induced Parkinson's syndrome, tardive dyskinesia), endocrine disorders (e.g., hyperprolactinaemia), vascular spasm (in particular, in the blood circulatory system in the cerebrum), cerebellar ataxia, gastrointestinal tract disorders (including change in movement and secretion), negative syndrome of schizophrenia, premenstrual syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, stress incontinence, Tourette's syndrome, trichotillomania, kleptomania, male impotence, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, chronic fatigue, cataplexy, sleep apnea syndrome and headache (related to angiopathy).
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Preparation Example, Reference Examples, Examples, and Pharmacological Test Examples are explained below. Preparation Example 1
The compound of the present invention (100 g) , 40 g of Avicel (trade name, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation) , 30 g of cornstarch, and 2 g of magnesium stearate were mixed, ground, and then subjected to tableting using a punch of 10.0 mm in diameter for sugar-coating tablets. The thus-obtained tablets were coated using a film-coating agent comprising 10 g of TC-5 (trade name, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), 3 g of polyethylene glucol 6000, 40 g of castor oil, and a suitable amount of ethanol, producing film-coated tables having the above-mentioned ingredients. Reference Example 1
Synthesis of 3-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-(4-fluorophenyl)amino] pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
Sodium hydride (0.19 g, 60% in oil) was added to 10 ml
of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and stirred at 60°C for one hour. Subsequently, 1.0 g of (3,4-dichlorophenyl)-(4-fluorophenyl)amine was added to the mixture and stirred at 60°C for one hour. A DMSO solution containing 2.0 g of 3-(toluene-4-sulfonyloxy) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester was gradually added to the mixture and stirred at 60CC for 15 hours. Ethyl acetate was added to the reaction solution. The solution was then washed with water, and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate = 20 : 1) . The eluent solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 0.29 g of oily brown 3-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-(4-fluorophenyl)amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester.
1H-NMR(CDC13) δppm:
1.43(9H,s), 1.74-1.92(lH,m), 2.04-2.22(lH,m), 3.10-3.35(3H,m),
3.61-3.85(lH,m), 4.31-4.48(lH,m), 6.42(lH,dd=2.9Hz,J=8.9Hz),
6.67(lH,d,J=2.8Hz), 6.90-7.22(5H,m).
Reference Example 2
Synthesis of 3(S)-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)phenylamino]pyrrolidine-l-
carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
Sodium hydride (0.36 g, 60% in oil) was added to 20 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and stirred at 60°C for one hour. Subsequently, 2.0 g of 3,4-dichlorophenyl-phenylamine was added to the mixture and stirred at 60°C for one hour. A DMSO solution containing 1.5 g of 3(R)-methanesulfonyloxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester was gradually added to the mixture and stirred at 60°C for 15 hours. Ethyl acetate was added to the reaction solution, and the reaction solution was then washed with water and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate = 20 : 1) . The eluent solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 0.13 g of light brown amorphous solid 3(S)-[(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)phenylaminojpyrrolidine
1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester.
1H-NMR(CDC13) δppm:
1.42(9H,s), 1.73-1.93(lH,m), 2.05-2.23(lH,m), 3.10-3.36(3H,m),
3.61-3.83(lH,m), 4.33-4.50 (lH,m) , 6.48(1H,dd,J=2.9Hz, J=10.3Hz),
6.74(lH,d,J=2.8Hz), 6.96-7.07(2H,m) , 7.16-7.34(2H,m) , 7.35-
7.46(2H,m).
Reference Example 3
Synthesis of ((S)-l-benzylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-(3-fluorophenyl)amine
A toluene solution containing 2.2 g of (S)-l-benzylpyrrolidin-3-ylamine (12.5 mmol), 2.2 g of 3-bromofluorobenzene (12.5 mmol), 0.31 g of 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-!,I'-binaphthyl (BINAP, 0.51 mmol), 0.14 g of bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium (Pd(dba)2, 0.22 mmol), and 1.3 g of sodium tert-butoxide (13.2 mmol) was heated under reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere for 3 hours. The reaction solution was filtered to remove insoluble matter, and ethyl acetate and water were added to the filtrate to separate the solution into layers. The organic layer was washed with water, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate = 20 : 1 —> 1 : 1). The eluent solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 3.0 g of oily colorless ( (S)-l-benzylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-(3-fluorophenyl)amine. 1H-NMR(CDC13) δppm:
1.59-1.78(2H,m), 2.21-2.38(lH,m) , 2 . 39-2.50(lH,m), 2.55(lH,dd, J=3.3Hz,J=9.7Hz), 2.71-2.85(2H,m) , 3.63(2H,s), 3.90-4.10(lH,m), 6.24(lH,dt,J=2.3Hz,J=11.6Hz), 6.29-6.41(2H,m), 7.02-7.11(lH,m), 7.21-7.39(5H,m) . Reference Example 4 Synthesis of ((S)-l-benzylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenylamine
((S)-l-benzylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenylamine was
synthesized using (S)-l-benzylpyrrolidin-3-ylamine and bromobenzene in the same manner as in Reference Example 3. Oily brown substance
1H-NMR(CDC13) δppm:
1.56-1.78(2H,m), 2.22-2.39(lH,m), 2.41-2.58(lH,m) , 2.70-
2.84(2H,m), 3.63(2H,s), 4.01(lH,s), 6.57(2H,d,J=8.5Hz), 6.64-
6.73(lH,m), 7.11-7.19(2H,m), 7.21-7.36(5H,m).
Reference Example 5
Synthesis of ( (S)-l-benzylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-(3-fluorophenyl)-(4-
trifluoromethylphenyl)amine
A toluene solution containing 0.7 g of ((S)-l-benzylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-(3-fluorophenyl)amine (2.6 mmol), 0.59 g of 4-bromobenzotrifluoride (2.6 mmol), 65 mg of BINAP (0.1 mmol), 23 mg of palladium acetate (0.1 mmol) and 0.28 g of sodium tert-butoxide (2.9 mmol) was heated under reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere for 3 hours. The reaction solution was filtered to remove insoluble matter, and ethyl acetate and water were added to the filtrate to separate the solution into layers. The organic layer was washed with water and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane :
ethyl acetate = 20 : 1 —> 10 : 1) . The eluent solvent was
distilled off under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 0.48 g of
oily colorless ( (S)-l-benzylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-(3-fluorophenyl)-(4-
trifluoromethylphenyl)amine.
1H-NMR(CDC13) δppm:
1.82-2.01(lH,m), 2.17-2.31(lH,m), 2.61-2.78(3H,m),
3.45(lH,d,J=12.9Hz), 3.64(lH,d,J=12.9Hz), 4.55(lH,m), 6.78-
6.86(3H,m), 6.88-6.96(2H,m), 7.19-7.36(6H,m) .
Reference Example 6
Synthesis of 3 (S) - (3-chloro-4-f luorophenylarrd.no)pyrrolidine-l-
carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
To a 50 ml of toluene solution containing 5.0 g of 3(S) -aminopyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (27 mmol) and 5.7 g of 4-bromo-2-chloro-l-f luorobenzene (27 mmol) were added 1.7 g of BINAP (2.7 mmol), 0.30 g of palladium acetate (1.3 mmol) and 3.5 g of sodium tert-butoxide (36 mmol). The mixture was heated under reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere
for 8 hours, and then cooled to room temperature. Water was added to the reaction solution, and extraction with ethyl acetate was performed. After drying over sodium sulfate and concentration under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate = 4 : 1) . The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was recrystallized from diethyl ether to thereby obtain 4.76 g of white powdery 3(S)-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. 1H-NMRICDCl3) δppm:
1.47(9H,s), 1.78-1.96(lH,m), 2.10-2.28(lH,m) , 2.10-2.28(lH,m), 3.11-3.30(lH,m), 3.30-3.56(2H,m) , 3.57-3.79(2H,m), 3.85-4.03(lH,m), 6.38-6.47(lH,m), 6.60(lH,dd, J=6.OHz,J=2.9Hz), 6.90-7.00(lH,m). Reference Example 7
Synthesis of 3(S)-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
To a 50 ml of isopropyl alcohol solution containing 15.0 g of 3(S)-aminopyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (80.5 mmol) and 24.8 g of 2-chloro-l-fluoro-4-iodobenzene (96.7 mmol) were added 1.54 g of copper (I) iodide (8.1 mmol), 9.0 ml of ethylene glycol (10.1 mmol) and 34.2 g of potassium phosphate (161 mmol), and heated under reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere for 46 hours. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature and filtered using Celite. The substance remained in the filter was washed with ethyl acetate and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure together with the washings, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate =4 : 1). The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was recrystallized from diethyl ether to thereby obtain 15.9 g of white powdery 3(S)-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenylamino)pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester.
1H-NMR(CDC13) δpprn:
1.47(9H,s), 1.78-1.96(lH,m), 2.10-2.28(lH,m), 2.10-2.28(lH,m) ,
3.11-3.30(lH,m), 3.30-3.56(2H,m), 3.57-3.79(2H,m), 3.85-
4.03(lH,m), 6.38-6.47(lH,m), 6.60(lH,dd, J=6.OHz,J=2.9Hz), 6.90-
7.00(lH,m) .
Reference Example 8
Synthesis of 3(S)-(3-cyanophenylamino)pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic
acid tert-butyl ester
To a toluene solution (7 ml) containing 2.82 g of 3(S)-aminopyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (15 mmol) and 1.82 g of 3-bromobenzonitrile (10 mmol) were added 68.5 mg of BINAP (0.11 mmol), 22.5 mg of palladium acetate (0.1 mmol) and 3.91 g of cesium carbonate (12 mmol). The mixture was heated under reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere for 8 hours. After cooling to room temperature, water was added to the reaction solution, and extraction with dichloromethane was performed. After drying over sodium sulfate and concentration under reduced pressure, the residue was then purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate =4 : 1). The purified product was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 1.56 g of light yellow powdery 3(S)-(3-cyanophenylamino)pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester.
1H-NMR(CDC13)δppm:
1.46(9H,s), 1.8-2.0(lH,m), 2.1-2.3(lH,m), 3.1-3.6(3H,m), 3.6-
3.8(lH,m), 3.9-4.1(2H,m), 6.7-6.9(2H,m), 6.99(1H,d,J=7. 6Hz) ,
7.23(lH,dd, J=7.6Hz,J=8.4Hz) .
Reference Example 9
Synthesis of 3 (S)- (3-chloro-4-methoxyphenylamino)pyrrolidine-l-
carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
To a 5 ml of toluene solution containing 0.20 g of 3 (S)-aminopyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (1.1 mmol) and 0.238 g of 2-chloro-3-bromoanisole (1.1 mmol) were added 67.0 mg of BINAP (0.11 mmol), 24 mg of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0.027 mmol) and 144 mg of sodium tert-butoxide (1.5 mmol). The mixture was heated under reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere at 100°C for one hour. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction solution was filtered
using Celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced
pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column
chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate = 10 : 1 —> 3 : 1) . The
purified product was concentrated to dryness under reduced
pressure to thereby obtain 0.28 g of light yellow amorphous solid
3 (S)-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenylamino)pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid
tert-butyl ester.
1H-NMR(CDC13)δppm:
1.47(9H,s), 1.80-1.90(lH,m), 2.10-2.20(lH,m), 3.10-3.25(lH,m),
3.38-3.75(3H,m) , 3.83(3H,s), 3.92-3.96(lH,m), 6.47(lH,dd,J=2 . 8Hz,
J=8.8Hz), 6.67(lH,d,J=2.8Hz), 6.81(1H,d,J=8.8Hz).
Reference Example 10
Synthesis of 3(S)-(4-methoxyphenylamino)pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic
acid tert-butyl ester
To a 10 ml of ethanol solution containing 0.28 g of 3(S)-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenylamino)pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester were added a 0.2 ml of a 5 N sodium hydroxide solution and 0.1 g of 10% palladium carbon. Catalytic reduction was conducted at room temperature and atmospheric pressure (ordinary pressure). The reaction solution was filtered using Celite and concentrated under reduced pressure. Water was added to the residue, and extraction with dichloromethane was performed. The extract was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 0.25 g of yellow amorphous solid 3(S)-(4-methoxyphenylamino)pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester.
1H-NMR(CDC13) δppm:
1.46(9H,s), 1.79-1.88(lH,m), 2.10-2.22(lH,m), 3.12-3.25(lH,m),
3.30-3.52(3H,m), 3.60-3.75(4H,m), 3.88-4.00(lH,m), 6.50-
6.58(2H,m), 6.72-6.80(2H,m).
Reference Example 11
Synthesis of 3(S)-[bis-(3-fluorophenyl)amino]pyrrolidine-l-
carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
To a 10 ml of toluene solution containing 1.0 g of 3 (S)-aminopyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (5.3

mmol) and 2.3 g of 3-bromo-l-fluorobenzene (13 mmol) were added 32 mg of tri-tert-butylphosphine • tetrafluoroborate (0.11 mmol), 24 mg of palladium acetate (0.11 mmol) and 1.5 g of sodium tert-butoxide (16 mmol). The mixture was heated under reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere for 8 hours. After cooling to room temperature, water was added to the reaction solution, and extraction with ethyl acetate was conducted. After drying over sodium sulfate and concentration under reduced pressure, the residue was then purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate = 4 : 1) . The purified product was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 1.56 g of oily yellow 3(S)-[bis-(3-fluorophenyl)amino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. 1H-NMR(CDC13) δppm:
1.43(9H,s), 1.78-1.95(lH,m), 2.02-2.26(lH,m), 3.12-3.39(3H,m), 3.65-3.83(lH,m), 4.35-4.51(lH,m), 6.61 (2H,dt,J=2.IHz,J=ll.OHz), 6.61-6.68(2H,m), 6.77(2H,t,J=8.OHz), 7.18-7.31(2H,m). Reference Example 12
Synthesis of 3 (S)-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-thiazole-2-ylamino] pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
To a 150 ml of toluene solution containing 20.0 g of 3(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenylamino)pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (60.4 mmol) and 15.0 g of 2-bromothiazole (91.5 mmol) were added 1.86 g of tri-tert-butylphosphine • tetrafluoroborate (6.4 mmol), 2.88 g of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (3.15 mmol) and 11.6 g of sodium tert-butoxide (120 mmol). The mixture was heated under reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere for 9 hours. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature and filtered using Celite. Water was added to the filtrate, and extraction with ethyl acetate was conducted. After drying over sodium sulfate and concentration under reduced pressure, the residue was then purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate = 4 : 1) . The purified product was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 7.94 g of yellow powdery 3(S)-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-thiazol-2-ylamino]pyrrolidine-

1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester.
1H-NMR(CDC13) δppm:
1.43(9H,s), 1.83-2.03(lH,m), 2.11-2.35(lH,m), 3.18-3.42(3H,m),
3.73-3.87(lH,m), 4.97-5.09(lH,m) , 6.53(1H,d, J=3. 5Hz),
7.14(lH,dd,J=2.5Hz, J=8.5Hz) , 7.22 (lH,brs), 7.39(1H, d,J=2.5Hz),
7.56(lH,brd,J=8.5Hz).
Reference Example 13
Synthesis of 3(S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
ylamino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
To a 10 ml of toluene solution containing 1.0 g of 3(S)-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenylamino)pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (3.2 mmol) and 0.75 g of 3-bromopyridine (4.75 mmol) were added 50 mg of 9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)xanthene (XANTPHOS, 0.09 mmol), 21.4 mg of palladium acetate (0.10 mmol) and 11.6 g of sodium tert-butoxide (120 mmol). The mixture was heated under reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere for 9 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction solution was filtered using Celite. Water was added to the filtrate, and extraction with ethyl acetate was conducted. After drying over sodium sulfate and concentration under reduced pressure, the residue was then purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate = 1 : 1) . The purified product was concentrated under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 1.14 g of oily light yellow 3 (S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-ylamino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. 1H-NMR(CDC13) δppm:
1.43(9H,s), 1.79-1.98(lH,m), 2.08-2.29(lH,m), 3.12-3.41(3H,m), 3.65-3.85(lH,m), 4.38-4.51(lH,m), 6.83-6.91(lH,m) , 7.00-7. 23(4H,m[including 7.04ppm(dd,J=2.7Hz,J=6.4Hz)]), 8.14(lH,s), 8.22(lH,d,J=4.4Hz). Reference Example 14
Synthesis of 3(S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
A 3 ml of acetic acid solution containing 0.60 g of

3 (S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (1.9 mmol) and 0.56 g of cyclohexanone (5.7 mmol) was stirred at room temperature over night. To the mixture was added 1.21 g of sodium triacetoxyborohydride (5.7 mmol), followed by stirring at room temperature for 8 hours. Dichloromethane was added to the reaction solution, the reaction solution was washed with water and an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, and then dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate =10 : 1). The solvent was distilled off from the purified product under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 0.24 g of oily colorless 3-[(S)-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexylamino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. 1H-NMR(CDC13) δppm:
0.81-1.32(6H,m), 1.44(9H,s), 1.60-2.00(6H,m), 2.79-2.93(lH,m), 2.98-3.10(lH,m), 3.16-3.31(lH,m), 3.35-3.70(2H,m), 3.35-3.70(2H,m), 3.85-4.07(lH,m), 6.85-7.13(3H,m) . Reference Example 15
Synthesis of 3(S)-[(4-carboxyphenyl)-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
To an ethanol solution containing 1.7 g of 3(S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl)amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (3.7 mmol) was added 6 ml of a 5 N sodium hydroxide solution, followed by stirring at room temperature for 15 hours. Dichloromethane and acetic acid were added to the reaction solution to make the reaction solution acidic. After washing with water three times and with an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution once, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 1.50 g of white powdery 3 (S)-[(4-carboxyphenyl)-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. 1H-NMR(DMSO-d6) δppm: 1.33(9H,s), 1.72-1.88(lH,m), 2 . 06-2.26(lH,m), 2.99-3.23(3H,m) ,

3.61(lH,dd, J=6.4Hz,J=11.3Hz), 4.53-4.69 (lH,m), 6.57-6.65(2H,m), 7.19-7.28(lH,m), 7.46-7.58(2H,m), 7.68-7.78(2H,m), 12.3(lH,brs). Reference Example 16
Synthesis of 3(S) -[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)amino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
To a dichloromethane solution containing 0.45 g of 3(S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(4-methanesulfanillphenyl) amino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (1.0 mmol) was added 0.54 g of metachloroperoxybenzoic acid (3.1 mmol) at 0°C, followed by stirring at 0°C for 2 hours. The reaction solution was washed with water and dried over magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. Subsequently, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate = 5 : 1 - 1 : 1) . The solvent was distilled off from the purified product under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 0.42 g of oily light yellow 3(S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)aminolpyrrolidine 1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. 1H-NMR(CDC13) δppm:
1.43(9H,s), 1.80-1.91(lH,m) , 2.11-2.29 (lH,m) , 3.01(3H,s), 3.16-3.40(3H,m), 3.70-3.86(lH,m), 4 . 49-4.61(lH,m), 6. 62(2H,d,J=9.OHz), 7.03(lH,ddd,J=2.6Hz,J=4.1Hz,J=8.6Hz), 7.01-7.06(lH,m) , 7.19-7.23(lH,m), 7.24-7.31(lH,m), 7.66-7.74(2H,m). Reference Example 17
Synthesis of 3(S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(6-cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
3(S)-[(6-bromopyridin-2-yl)-(3-chloro-4-
fluorophenyl)amino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (500 mg, 1.06 mmol), zinc cyanide (250 mg, 2.12 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (122 mg, 0.106 mmol) were suspended in 8 ml of dimethylformamide (DMF), followed by stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere at 110°C for 9 hours. After cooling to room temperature, ethyl acetate and water were added to the reaction solution to separate the solution into layers.

The organic layer was washed with water and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate = 6 : 1 —» 3 : 1) . The solvent was distilled off from the purified product under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 398 mg of oily colorless 3 (S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(6-cyanopyridin-2-yl) amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. 1H-NMR(CDC13) δppm:
1.44(9H,s), 1.74-1.84{lH,m), 2.03-2.24(lH,m), 3.08-3.32(3H,m), 3.76-3.86(lH,m), 5.28-5.38(lH,m), 6.21(1H,d,J=8.7Hz) , 7.04-7.11(2H,m), 7.23-7.42(3H,m). Reference Example 18
Synthesis of 3(S)-{(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl]amino}pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
3(S)-[(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (300 mg, 0.64 mmol), 4-fluorophenylboric acid (98 mg, 0.7 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (23 mg, 0.02 mmol) and a 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate solution (0.83 ml) were added to toluene (3 ml) , followed by stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere at 100°C for 10 hours. After cooling to room temperature, ethyl acetate and water were added to the reaction solution to separate the reaction solution into layers. The organic layer was washed with saturated saline, followed by drying over sodium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate = 5 : 1) . The solvent was distilled off from the purified product under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 255 mg of white solid 3(S)-{(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl]amino}pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. 1H-NMR(CDC13) δppm: 1.44(9H, s), 1.78-1.89(1H, m) , 2.05-2.23(1H, m), 3.07-3.31(3H, m),

3.85(1H, dd, J=7.1, lO.SHz), 5.31-5.42 (1H, m), 6.08(1H, d,
J=8.8Hz), 7.06-7.14(3H, m), 7.20-7.28(2H, m) , 7.41-7.50(3H,m) ,
8.37-8.4K1H, m) .
Reference Example 19
Synthesis of 3(S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(4-thiophene-3-
ylphenyl)amino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
Using 3(S)-[(4-bromophenyl)-(3-chloro-4-
fluorophenyl)amino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester and 3-thiopheneboric acid, 3 (S)-[ (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) -(4-thiophene-3-ylphenyl)amino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester was synthesized in the same manner as in Reference Example 9.
Oily colorless substance 1H-NMR(CDC13) δpprn:
1.43(9H,s), 1.83-1.88(lH,m), 2.05-2.20(lH,m), 3.18-3.31(3H,m), 3.63-3.84(lH,m), 4.40-4.51(lH,m), 6.71-6.80(lH,m), 6.85-6.88(2H,m), 6.94 (1H,dd,J=2.8Hz,J=6.4Hz) , 7.05-7.10(lH,m), 7.30-7.45(3H,m), 7.50-7.55(2H,m). Reference Example 20
Synthesis of (S)-{(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-[6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl]amino}pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
3(S)-[(6-bromopyridin-2-yl)-(3-chloro-4-
fluorophenyl)amino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (200 mg, 0.43 mmol) , 1-methylpiperazine (0.61 ml, 0.55 mmol) , 9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)xanthene (XANTPHOS, 12 mg, 0.02 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (9 mg, 0.01 mmol) and sodium t-butoxide (61 mg, 0.63 mmol) were added to toluene (5 ml), followed by stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere at 100°C for 8 hours. Insoluble matter was removed by filtration, and the resultant filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate = 4:1). The solvent was distilled off from the purified product under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 102 mg of oily colorless (S)-{(3-chloro-4-

fluorophenyl)-[6-(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-
yl]amino}pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester.
1H-NMR(CDCl3) δppm:
1.44(9H,s), 1.74-1.89(lH,m), 2.03-2.21 (lH,m) , 2.36(3H,s), 2.51-
2.55(4H,m), 3.08-3.31(3H,m), 3. 54(4H,brs), 3.64-3.90(lH,m), 5.10-
5.23(lH,m), 5.32(lH,d,J=8.1Hz), 6. 01(lH,d,J=8.IHz), 7.03-
7.08(lH,m), 7.19-7.25(3H,m).
Reference Example 21
Synthesis of 3(S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(4-piperidin-l-
ylphenyl)amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
Using 3(S)-[(4-bromophenyl)-(3-chloro-4-
fluorophenyl)amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester and piperidine, 3(S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(4-piperidin-l-ylphenyl)amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester was synthesized in the same manner as in Reference Example 11. Oily colorless substance 1H-NMR(CDC13) δppm:
1.43(9H,s), 1.55-1.62(2H,m), 1.68-1.73(4H,m), 1. 74-1.90(lH,m), 2.02-2.18(lH,m), 3.16-3.29(7H,m), 3.61-3.81(lH,m) , 4.23-4.38(lH,m), 6.40-6.46(lH,m), 6.59-6.62(lH,m) , 6.86-6.92(5H,m). Reference Example 22
Synthesis of 3(S) -[(3-chloro-4-cyanophenyl)-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
To an anhydrous toluene solution containing 3(S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.50 g, 1.6 mmol) and 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzonitrile (0.30 g, 1.9 mmol) was added a 1.45 ml tetrahydrofuran solution containing sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1.1 M) using a syringe. The mixture was heated under reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere for 8 hours and cooled to room temperature. Water was added to the reaction solution, and extraction with diethyl ether was conducted. After drying over sodium sulfate and concentration under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate = 4 : 1) . The purified product was concentrated to dryness under reduced

pressure to thereby obtain 0.56 g of white amorphous solid 3(S)-
[(3-chloro-4-cyanophenyl)-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)
amino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester.
1H-NMR(CDC13) δppm:
1.43(9H,s), 1.76-1.93(lH,m), 2 .11-2 .27 (lH,m) , 3.15-3. 39 (3H,m),
3.66-3.87(lH,m), 4 . 39-4.55(lH,m), 6.42(lH,dd,J=2.5Hz, J=9.OHz),
6.57(lH,d,J=2.5Hz), 6.98-7.04(lH,m), 7.20(1H, dd,J=2.5Hz,J=6.5Hz),
7.23-7.32(lH,m), 7.40(lH,d,J=8.5Hz).
Reference Example 23
Synthesis of 2-(4-chlorobutoxy)pyridine
To a DMF solution (110 ml) containing 2-pyridinol (10 g, 105 mmol) and l-bromo-4-chlorobutane (36 ml, 315 mmol) was added potassium carbonate (16 g, 116 mmol), followed by stirring at room temperature for 8 hours. Water (300 ml) was added to the reaction solution, and extraction with ethyl acetate (300 ml) was then conducted. The organic layer was washed with water (300 ml) twice and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate = 5 : 1) . The purified product was concentrated under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 3.32 g of oily colorless 2-(4-chlorobutoxy)pyridine. Reference Example 24
Synthesis of 3(S)-[4-(pyridin-2-yloxy)butylamino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
3(S)-aminopyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.93 g, 5.0 mmol), 2-(4-chlorobutoxy)pyridine (0.93 g, 5.0 mmol), potassium carbonate (0.83 g, 6.0 mmol) and sodium iodide (0.83 g, 5.5 mmol) were suspended in acetonitrile (20 ml) and heated under reflux for 24 hours. After cooling to room temperature, water (50 ml) was added to the reaction solution and extraction with ethyl acetate (50 ml) was conducted. The organic layer was washed with water twice and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then purified by silica gel column

chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate = 3 : 1) . The purified product was concentrated under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 372 mg of oily colorless 3(S)-[4-(pyridin-2-yloxy)butylaminojpyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. 1H-NMR(CDCl3) δppm:
1.46(9H,s), 1.5-1.9(6H,m), 1.95-2.15(lH,m) , 2.68(2H,t,J=7Hz), 2.95-3.15(lH,m), 3. 25-3.65(4H,m) , 4.30(2H,t, J=6.5Hz), 6.71(lH,d,J=8.5Hz), 6.85(1H, dd,J=5.5Hz,J=6.5Hz), 7.5-7.65(lH,m), 8.14(lH,dd,J=2Hz,J=5Hz). Reference Example 25
Synthesis of 3 (S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(3-chloropropyl) amino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
3(S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (3 g, 9.5 mmol), l-bromo-3-chloropropane (4.7 ml, 48 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.97 g, 14.3 mmol) were suspended in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP, 15 ml), followed by stirring at 100°C for 8 hours. After cooling to room temperature, water was added to the reaction solution, and extraction with ethyl acetate was conducted. After drying the organic layer over sodium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate =3 :1), and the purified product was concentrated under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 1.0 g of. oily colorless 3 (S)- [ (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(3-chloropropyl)amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester.
1H-NMR(CDC13) δ ppm:
1.46(9H,s), 1.7-2.1(4H,m), 3.1-3.35(4H,m), 3. 35-3.7(4H,m) , 3.8-
4.1(lH,m), 6.7-6.9(lH,m), 6.9-7.1(2H,m) .
Reference Example 26
Synthesis of 3(S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)- (3-dimethylamino
propyl)amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
3(S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(3-chloropropyl)
amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.5 g, 1.24 mmol), 50% dimethylamine solution (1 ml) and sodium iodide (0.37

g, 2.5 mmol) were suspended in DMF (3 ml), followed by stirring at 60°C for 4 hours. After cooling to room temperature, water was added to the reaction solution, and extraction with ethyl acetate was conducted. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, and the solvent was then distilled off under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with basic silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate), and the purified product was then concentrated under reduced pressure to thereby obtain 0.36 g of oily colorless 3(S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(3-dimethylamino propyl)amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. 1H-NMR(CDC13) δppm:
1.46(9H,s), 1.5-1.75(4H,m), 1.75-2.1(2H,m), 2.19(6H,s), 3.0-3.3(4H,m), 3.3-3.75(2H,m), 3.8-4.2(lH,m), 6.6-6.8(lH,m), 6.8-7.1(2H,m) .
The compounds shown below were produced in the same manners as in the above Reference Examples.
Table 1
(Table Removed)
Table 2
(Table Removed)
Table 3
(Table Removed)
Table 4
(Table Removed)
Table 5
(Table Removed)
Table 6
(Table Removed)
Table 7
(Table Removed)
Table 8
(Table Removed)
Table 9
(Table Removed)
Table 10
(Table Removed)
Table 11
(Table Removed)
Table 12
(Table Removed)
Table 13
(Table Removed)
Table 14
(Table Removed)
Table 15
(Table Removed)
Table 16
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Table 17
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Table 18
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Table 19
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Table 20
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Table 21
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Table 22
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Table 23
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Table 24
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Table 25
(Table Removed)
Table 26
(Table Removed)
Table 27
(Table Removed)
Table 28
(Table Removed)
Table 29
(Table Removed)
Table 30
(Table Removed)
Table 31
(Table Removed)
Table 32
(Table Removed)
Table 33
(Table Removed)
Table 34
(Table Removed)
Table 34
(Table Removed)
Table 35
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Table 36
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Table 37
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Table 38
(Table Removed)

Example 1
Synthesis of (3,4-dichlorophenyl)phenylpyrrolidin-3-ylamine dihydrochloride
An acetic acid solution (15 ml) containing 3-oxopyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.67 g) and (3,4-dichlorophenyl)phenylamine (0.94 g) was stirred at room temperature over night. To the mixture was added 1.5 g of sodium triacetoxyborohydride, followed by stirring at room temperature for 8 hours. Dichloromethane was added to the reaction solution and washed with water, followed by drying over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate =20 : 1). The solvent was distilled off from the purified product under reduced pressure, and the residue was dissolved in 1 N hydrochloric acid-ethanol and heated under reflux for one hour. The reaction solution was concentrated to dryness to thereby obtain 50 mg of brown amorphous solid (3,4-dichlorophenyl)phenylpyrrolidin-3-ylamine dihydrochloride.
1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm:
1.50-1.68(lH,m), 2.10-2.29(lH,m), 2.74-2.90(lH,m), 3.02-
3.22(2H,m), 3.51-3.66(lH,m), 4.61-4.79(lH,m), 6.58 (lH,dd,J=2.9Hz,
J=9.0Hz), 6.87(lH,d,J=2.9Hz), 7.13-7.19(2H,m) , 7.29-7.44 (2H,m) ,
7.45-7.54(2H,m), 9.03(2H,brs).
Example 2
Synthesis of (S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)phenylpyrrolidin-3-ylamine •
dihydrochloride
3(S)-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)phenylamino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.13 g) was dissolved in 1 N hydrochloric acid-ethanol and heated under reflux for one hour. The reaction solution was concentrated to dryness to thereby obtain 0.11 g of brown amorphous solid 3 (S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl )phenylpyrrolidin-3-ylamine hydrochloride.
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6) δppm:
1.50-1.68(lH,m), 2.10-2.29(lH,m), 2.75-2.90(lH,m), 3.02-
3.23(2H,m), 3.51-3.65(lH,m), 4.60-4.80(lH,m),
6.58(lH,dd,J=2.9Hz,J=9.0Hz), 6.87 (lH,d,J=2. 9Hz), 7.12-7.19(2H,m),
7.29-7.44(2H,m), 7.45-7.54 (2H,m) , 9. 05 (2H,brs).
Example 3
Synthesis of (3-fluorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl-(4-
trifluoromethylphenyl)amine difumarate
To a 1,2-dichloromethane solution (1 ml) containing ((S)-l-benzylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-(3-fluorophenyl)-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)amine (0.48 g, 1.1 mmol) was added 1-chloroethyl chloroformate (0.82 g, 5.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours and heated under reflux for 3 hours. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and 5 ml methanol was then added to the residue and heated under reflux for 3 hours. After distilling the solvent off under reduced pressure, the residue was then dissolved in dichloromethane and washed with an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution. After drying over magnesium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethanol, fumaric acid (128 mg, 1.1 mmol) was then added thereto, giving a uniform solution. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the crystals produced by adding dichloromethane to the residue were separated by filtration and dried, giving 0.24 g of light brown powdery (3-fluorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)amine difumarate.
Melting point 144.0-146.2°C. Example 4
Synthesis of (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine hydrochloride
3(S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(4-
methanesulfonylphenyl)amino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.42 g, 0.9 mmol) was added to 4 N hydrochloric acid/ethyl acetate, followed by stirring at room temperature for one hour. The reaction solution was concentrated to dryness under
reduced pressure to thereby obtain 0.35 g of white powdery (3-
chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-
3-ylamine hydrochloride.
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6) δppm:
1.56-1.68(lH,m), 2.19-2.29 (lH,m) , 2.82-2.94(lH,m) , 3.08(3H,s),
3.10-3.20(2H,m), 3.57-3.68(lH,m), 4.70-4 . 85(lH,m), 6.69-
6.75(2H,m), 7.32-7.37(lH,m), 7.58-7.64(lH,m), 7.65-7.69(3H,m),
9.10-9.45(2H,m).
Example 5
Synthesis of (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-[4-(pyridin-2-yloxy)butyl]-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine difumarate
To a toluene solution (4 ml) containing 3(S)-[4-
(pyridin-2-yloxy)butylamino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.2 g, 0.6 mmol) and 4-bromo-2-chloro-l-fluorobenzene (0.8 ml, 0.65 mmol) were added tri-tert-butylphosphine • tetrafluoroborate (14 mg, 0.05 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (11 mg, 0.012 mmol) and sodium tert-butoxide (110 mg, 1.2 mmol) and heated under reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, water was added to the reaction solution, and extraction with ethyl acetate was conducted. The extract was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was then purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane : ethyl acetate =3 : 1). The solvent was distilled off from the purified product under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in 0.4 ml dichloromethane, and trifluoroacetic acid (0.06 ml, 0.8 mmol) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. After concentrating under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by HPLC. After collecting objective fractions, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and 10% aqueous potassium carbonate solution was added to the residue, followed by extraction with dichloromethane. The extract was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure, and an
ethanol solution containing fumaric acid (8.1 mg) was added to the residue (ethanol solution) to thereby obtain a uniform solution. After concentration under reduced pressure, water (3 ml) was added to the residue, followed by freeze-drying to thereby obtain 19 mg of white solid (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-[4-(pyridin-2-yloxy)butyl]-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine difumarate. 1H-NMR(DMSO-d6) δppm:
1.45-1.55(2H,m), 1.65-1.8(2H,m), 1.8-1.95(lH,m), 2.05-2.15(lH,m), 2.6-4.05(llH,m), 4.25 (2H,t,J=6.5Hz), 4.3-4.4(lH,m), 6.55(4H,s), 6.77(lH,d,J=8.5Hz), 6.8-6.9(lH,m), 6.9-7.0(lH,m), 7.03(lH,dd,J=3Hz, J=6.5Hz), 7.22(lH,dd,J=9Hz, J=9Hz), 7.65-7.7(lH,m), 8.1-8.15(lH,m). Example 6
Synthesis of (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(3-methylsulfanylpropyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine hydrochloride
An acetic acid solution (3 ml) containing 3(S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.60 g, 1.9 mmol) and 3-methylthiopropionic aldehyde (0.6 g, 5.7 mmol) was stirred at room temperature over night. Sodium triacetoxy borohydride (0.81 g, 3.8 mmol) was added to the mixture, followed by stirring at room temperature for 15 hours. Dichloromethane was added to the reaction solution, and the reaction solution was washed with water and an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then dissolved in 1 N hydrochloric acid-ethanol (10 ml) and heated under reflux for one hour. The reaction solution was concentrated to dryness to thereby obtain 0.16 g of yellow amorphous solid (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-(3-methylsulfanyl propyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine hydrochloride.
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6) δppm:
1.52-1.70(2H,m), 1. 80-2.18(including 5H,m[2.07ppm(s)]), 2.40-2.51(2H,m), 2.84-3.49(6H,m), 4.29-4.49(lH,m), 6.85-6.95(lH,m), 7.05-7.35(2H,m), 9.30-9.79(2H,m).

Example 7
Synthesis of (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) pyridin-3-yl-(S) -pyrrolidin-3-ylamine dimethanesulfonate
To a dichloromethane solution (100 ml) containing 3(S)-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-ylamino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (16.0 g, 41 mmol) was added trifluoroacetic acid (20 ml), followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution was added to the residue to make the residue alkaline, followed by extraction with dichloromethane. The extract was dried over magnesium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (dichloromethane : methanol = 10 : 1) . The solvent was distilled off from the purified product under reduced pressure. To an ethanol solution containing the residue was added methanesulfonic acid (9.2 g), and the solvent was then distilled off under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystalized from ethanol to thereby obtain 16.9 g of white powdery (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) pyridin-3-yl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine dimethanesulfonate. Melting point 194.0-195.0°C.
The compounds of Example 8 to 1180 shown in the below Tables can be prepared in the same manners as in the above Examples, using corresponding starting compounds. In the following Tables, compounds with the physical properties, such as crystalline form, m.p. (melting point), salt, 1H-NMR and MS (mass spectrum), were produced actually.

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Table 40
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Table 159
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Pharmacological test 1
Evaluation of inhibitory activity of test compound on
serotonin (5-HT) uptake into rat brain synaptosome
Male Wistar rats were decapitated and the brains were removed and the frontal cortices were dissected. The separated frontal cortices were homogenized in 20 volumes as weight of 0.32 M sucrose solution by a Potter-type homogenizer. The homogenate was centrifuged at lOOOg at 4°C for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was then centrifuged at 20000g at 4°C for 20 minutes. The pellet was resuspended in incubation buffer (20 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.4)) containing 10 mM glucose, 145 mM sodium chloride, 4.5 mM potassium chloride, 1.2 mM magnesium chloride, and 1.5 mM calcium chloride) and used as crude synaptosome fractions.
The uptake reaction mixture was suspended in a final volume of 200 µl containing pargyline (final concentration of 10 µM) and sodium ascorbate (final concentration of 0.2 mg/ml) in each well of 96-well-round-bottom-plate.
Solvent, unlabeled 5-HT, and serial diluted test compounds were added in each well, and synaptosome fraction of 1/10 volume of the final volume were added. After a 10 min preincubation at 37°C, the uptake was initiated by the addition of tritium-labeled 5-HT solution (final concentration of 8 nM) at 37 °C. The uptake was stopped after 10 minutes by filtration under vacuum through a 96-well glass fiber filter plate. After washing the filter with cold physiological saline and drying up, Microscint-0 (Perkin-Elmer) was added, and remained radioactivity on the filter was measured.
The total uptake activity with only solvent was determined as 100%, and the nonspecific uptake activity with unlabeled 5-HT (final concentration of 10 µM) was determined as 0%. The 50% inhibitory concentrations were calculated based on the concentrations of the test compounds and their

inhibitory activities. Table 160 shows the results.
Table 160

(Table Removed)
Pharmacological Test 2
Evaluation of inhibitory activity of test compound on
norepinephrine (NE) uptake into rat brain synaptosome
Male Wistar rats were decapitated and the brains were removed and the hippocampi were dissected. The separated hippocampi were homogenaized in 20 volumes as weight of 0.32 M sucrose solution by a Potter-type homogenizer. The homogenate was centrifuged at 1000 g at 4°C for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was then centrifuged at 20000 g at 4°C for 20 minutes. The pellet was resuspended in incubation buffer (20 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.4)) containing 10 mM glucose, 145 mM sodium chloride, 4.5 mM potassium chloride, 1.2 mM magnesium chloride, and 1.5 mM calcium chloride) and used as crude synaptosome fraction.
The uptake reaction mixture was suspended in final volume of 200 µ1 containing pargyline (final concentration of 10 µM) and sodium ascorbate (final concentration of 0.2 mg/ml) in each well of 96-well-round-bottom-plate.
Solvent, unlabeled NE, and serial diluted test compounds were added to each well, and synaptosome fraction of 1/10 volume of the final volume were added. After 10 minutes preincubation at 37°C, the uptake was initiated by the addition of tritium-labeled NE solution (final concentration of 12 nM) at 37 °C. The uptake was stopped after 10 minutes by filtration under vacuum through a 96-well glass fiber filter plate. After washing the filter with coldphysiological saline and drying up, Microscint-0 (Perkin-Elmer) was added, and remained radioactivity on the filter was measured.
The total uptake activity with only solvent was determined as 100%, and the nonspecific uptake activity with unlabeled NE (final concentration of 10 µM) was determined as 0%. The 50% inhibitory concentrations were calculated based on the concentrations of the test compounds and their inhibitory activities. Table 161 shows the results.
Table 161

(Table Removed)
Pharmacological Test 3
Evaluation of inhibitory activity of test compound on
dopamine (DA) into rat brain synaptosome
Male Wistar ratswere decapitated and the brains were removed and the striata were dissected. The separated striata were homogenized in 20 volumes as weight of 0.32 M sucrose solution by a Potter-type homogenizer. The homogenate was centrifuged at 1000 g at 4°C for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was then centrifuged at 20000 g at 4°C for 20 minutes. The pellet was resuspended in incubation buffer (20 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.4)) containing 10 mM glucose, 145 mM sodium chloride, 4.5 mM potassium chloride, 1.2 mM magnesium chloride, and 1.5 mM calcium chloride) and used as crude synaptosome fraction.
The uptake reaction mixture was suspended in a final volume of 200 µ1 containing pargyline (final concentration of 10 µM) and sodium ascorbate (final concentration of 0.2 mg/ml) in each well of 96-well-round-bottom-plate.
Solvent, unlabeled DA, and serial diluted test compounds were added in each well, and synaptosome fraction of 1/10 volume of the final volume were added. After 10-min preincubation at 37°C, the uptake was initiated by the addition of tritium labeled DA solution (final concentration of 2 nM) at 37 °C. The uptake was stopped after 10 minutes by filtration under vacuum through a 96-well glass fiber filter plate. After washing the filter with cold physiological saline and drying up, Microscint-0 (Perkin-Elmer) was added and remained radioactivity on the filter was
measured.
The uptake activity with only solvent was determined as 100%, and the nonspecific uptake activity with unlabeled DA (final concentration of 10 µM) was determined as 0%. The 50% inhibitory concentrations were calculated based on the concentrations of the test compounds and their ihibitoryactivities.
Table 162 shows the results.
Table 162

(Table Removed)
Pharmacological Test 4 Forced-swimming test
Forced-swimming test was conducted based on the method of Porsolt, R.D., et al. (Porsolt, R.D., et al.,
Behavioural despair in mice: A primary screening test for antidepressants. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn., 229, pp 327-336 (1977) with a modification.
The test compound was suspended in a 5% gum arabic/physiological saline solution (w/v) and then orally administered to male ICR mice (provided by Clea Japan Inc., 5 to 6 weeks old) . One hour after administration, the mice were dropped into a tank containing 9.5 cm water maintained at 21 to 25°C. Then, the mice were forced to swim for 6 minutes. During the last four minutes of the test, the period of time the mice were not moving was measured (i.e., immobility time). The analysis and measurement of the immobility time was conducted using a SCANET MV-20 AQ system (product name of Melquest Co., Ltd.).
In this test, the test compound treated animal exhibited reduction of immobility time. Therefore it is clear that the test compound is effective as an antidepressant.








We Claim:
1. A pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1)
(Formula Removed)
or a salt thereof,
wherein R101 is (1) a phenyl group, and R102 is
(1)a phenyl group,
and each of the phenyl group may have one or more substituents selected from the
following (1-1) to (1-33) and (1-35) to (1-37) on the phenyl:
(1-1) halogen atoms,
(1-2) C1-6 alkylthio groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms,
(1-3) C1-6 alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms,
(1-4) C1-6 alkoxy groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms,
(1-5) nitro group,
(1-6) C1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl groups,
(1-7) amino groups optionally substituted with one or two C1-6 alkyl groups,
(1-8) C1-6 alkylsulfonyl groups,
(1-9) cyano group,
(1-10) carboxy group,
(1-11) hydroxy group,
(1-12) thienyl groups,
(1-13) oxazolyl groups,
(1-14) naphthyl groups,
(1-15) benzoyl group,
(1-16) phenoxy groups optionally substituted with one to three halogen atoms on the
phenyl ring,
(1-17) phenyl C1-6 alkoxy groups,
(1-18) C1-6 alkanoyl groups,
(1-19) phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to five
substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms, C1-6 alkoxy groups,
cyano group, C1-6 alkanoyl groups and C1-6 alkyl groups,
(1-20) phenyl C1-6 alkyl groups,
(1-21) cyano C1-6 alkyl groups,
(1-22) 5 to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic group-substituted sulfonyl groups, the
heterocyclic group containing on the heterocyclic ring one or two heteroatoms selected
from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur,
(1-23) thiazolyl groups optionally substituted with one or two C1-6 alkyl groups on the
thiazole ring,
(1-24) imidazolyl groups,
(1-25) amino C1-6 alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or two C1-6 alkyl groups on
the amino group,
(1-26) pyrrolidinyl C1-6 alkoxy groups,
(1-27) isoxazolyl groups,
(1-28) cycloalkylcarbonyl groups,
(1-29) naphthyloxy groups,
(1-30) pyridyl groups,
(1-31) furyl groups,
(1-32) phenylthio group,
(1-33) oxo group,
(1-35) 5 to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic groups containing one or two heteroatoms
selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, the heterocyclic group
optionally being substituted with one to three substituents selected from the group
consisting of oxo group; C1-6 alkyl groups; C1-6 alkanoyl groups; phenyl C1-6 alkyl
groups; phenyl groups optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to three
members selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and C1-6 alkoxy groups;
and pyridyl groups,
(1-36) oxido group and
(1-37) C1-6 alkoxido groups,
with the proviso that R101 and R102 are not simultaneously unsubstituted phenyl.
2. A pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof as claimed in claim 1,
wherein R101 is
(1) a phenyl group may have on the phenyl ring one to three substituents selected from the groups (1-1) to (1-33) and (1-35) to (1-37) as defined in Claim 1.
3. A pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof as claimed in claim 2,
wherein
R101 is
(1) a phenyl group may have on the phenyl ring one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of (1-1) halogen atoms and (1-3) C1-6 alkyl groups optionally substituted with one to three halogen atoms.
4. A pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof as claimed in claim 3,
wherein
R102 is
(1) a phenyl group,
and the phenyl group may have on the phenyl ring one to three substituents selected from
the groups (1-1) to (1-33) and (1-35) to (1-37) as defined in Claim 1.
5. A pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof as claimed in claim 4,
wherein
R101 is a monohalophenyl group, a dihalophenyl group or a phenyl group substituted with
one halogen atom and one C1-6 alkyl group,
R102 is
(1) a phenyl group,
and the phenyl group may have on the phenyl ring one or two substituents selected from
the group consisting of (1-1) halogen atoms, (1-3) C1-6 alkyl groups optionally substituted
with one or more halogen atoms, and (1-9) cyano group.
6. A pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof as claimed in claim 5
selected from the group consisting of:
(4-chlorophenyl)phenyl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine,
(4-fluorophenyl)phenyl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine,
(3,4-difluorophenyl)phenyl-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine,
bis-(4-fluorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine,
(3,4-difluorophenyl)-(4-fluorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine, (3-chloro-4-
fluorophenyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl-p-tolylamine, 4-[(S)-(4-fluoro-3-
methylphenyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylamino]-benzonitrile, and bis-(3-fluorophenyl)-(S)-
pyrrolidin-3-ylamine
7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof as claimed in claim 1 as an active ingredient in a proportion of 1 to 70 wt.% and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
8. A pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof as claimed in claim 1 as and when used in the preparation of a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent.
9. A pyrrolidine compound as claimed in claim 8, wherein the disorder treated by the prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of hypertension; depression; anxiety disorders; fear; posttraumatic stress syndrome; acute stress syndrome; avoidant personality disorders; body dysmorphic disorder; precocious ejaculation; eating disorders; obesity; chemical dependencies to alcohol, cocaine, heroin, phenobarbital, nicotine and benzodiazepines; cluster headache; migraine; pain disorder; Alzheimer's disease; obsessive-compulsive disorders; panic disorders; memory disorders; Parkinson's disease; endocrine disorders; vascular spasm; cerebellar ataxia; gastrointestinal tract disorders; negative syndrome of schizophrenia; premenstrual syndrome; fibromyalgia syndrome; stress incontinence; Tourette's syndrome; trichotillomania; kleptomania; male impotence; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); chronic paroxysmal hemicrania; chronic fatigue; cataplexy; sleep apnea syndrome and headache.
10. A pyrrolidine compound as claimed in claim 8, wherein the disorder treated by the prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of: depressions selected from the group consisting of major depression; bipolar 1 disorder; bipolar 2 disorder; mixed episode; dysthymic disorders; rapid cycler; atypical depression; seasonal affective disorders; postpartum depression; minor depression; recurrent brief depressive disorder; intractable depression/chronic depression; double depression; alcohol-induced mood disorders; mixed anxiety & depressive disorders; depressions induced by various physical disorders selected from the group consisting of Cushing's disease, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism syndrome, Addison's disease, amenorrhea and lactation syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, intracerebral bleeding, diabetes, chronic fatigue syndrome and cancers;, depression of the middle-aged; senile depression; depression of children and adolescents; depression induced by interferons; depression induced by adjustment disorder; and
anxieties selected from the group consisting of anxiety induced by adjustment disorder and anxiety induced by neuropathy selected from the group consisting of head trauma,
brain infection and inner ear injury. 11. A process for producing a pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1):
(Formula Removed)
or a salt thereof, wherein R101 and R102 are defined above in claim 1,
the process comprising
(1) subjecting a compound of General Formula (2)
(Formula Removed)
wherein R101 and R102 are as defined above in Claim 1, and R112 is an amino-protecting group to an elimination reaction to remove the amino protecting group in the presence of an acid or basic compound in an amount of at least 1 mole per mole of the compound of General Formula (2) at a temperature of-20 to 200°C, and a reaction time of 10 minutes to 30 hours.

Documents:

8276-DELNP-2007-Abstract-(02-08-2011).pdf

8276-delnp-2007-abstract.pdf

8276-DELNP-2007-Claims-(02-08-2011).pdf

8276-DELNP-2007-Claims-(27-01-2012).pdf

8276-delnp-2007-claims.pdf

8276-delnp-2007-Correspondence Others-(02-08-2011).pdf

8276-DELNP-2007-Correspondence Others-(25-10-2011).pdf

8276-DELNP-2007-Correspondence Others-(27-01-2012).pdf

8276-delnp-2007-correspondence-others-1.pdf

8276-delnp-2007-correspondence-others.pdf

8276-DELNP-2007-Description (Complete)-(02-08-2011).pdf

8276-delnp-2007-description (complete).pdf

8276-delnp-2007-Form-1-(02-08-2011).pdf

8276-delnp-2007-form-1.pdf

8276-delnp-2007-form-18.pdf

8276-delnp-2007-Form-2-(02-08-2011).pdf

8276-delnp-2007-form-2.pdf

8276-DELNP-2007-Form-3-(02-08-2011).pdf

8276-DELNP-2007-Form-3-(25-10-2011).pdf

8276-DELNP-2007-Form-3-(27-01-2012).pdf

8276-delnp-2007-form-3.pdf

8276-delnp-2007-form-5.pdf

8276-DELNP-2007-GPA-(02-08-2011).pdf

8276-delnp-2007-pct-101.pdf

8276-delnp-2007-pct-210.pdf

8276-delnp-2007-pct-304.pdf

8276-delnp-2007-pct-308.pdf

8276-delnp-2007-Petition-137-(02-08-2011).pdf

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Patent Number 251484
Indian Patent Application Number 8276/DELNP/2007
PG Journal Number 12/2012
Publication Date 23-Mar-2012
Grant Date 20-Mar-2012
Date of Filing 26-Oct-2007
Name of Patentee OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.,
Applicant Address 9, KANDA-TSUKASAMACHI 2-CHOME, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO 101 8535, JAPAN.
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 MUNEAKI KURIMURA C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN
2 YASUHIRO MENJO C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN
3 YASUYO SAKATA C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN
4 HARUHIKO SUGINO C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN
5 NAOKI AMADA C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN
6 SATOSHI OHASHI C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN
7 SATOKO NAKAJIMA C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN
8 TAKUMI MASUMOTO C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN
9 SHINICHI TAIRA C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., 224-18, EBISUNO, HIRAISHI, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0182, JAPAN.
10 TAKAHIRO TOMOYASU C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN.
11 NOBUAKI ITO C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN
12 KUNINORI TAI C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN
13 NORIAKI TAKEMURA C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN
14 TAKAYUKI MATSUZAKI C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN
15 SHIN MIYAMURA C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN
16 YOHJI SAKURAI C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN
17 AKIHITO WATANABE C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN
18 KOHEI AKAZAWA C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN
19 TOMOICHI SHINOHARA C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN
20 HIROFUMI SASAKI C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN
21 CHISAKO MORITA C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN
22 JUNKO YAMASHITA C/O OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., OF 463-10, KAGASUNO, KAWAUCHI-CHO, TOKUSHIMA-SHI, TOKUSHIMA 771-0192, JAPAN
PCT International Classification Number C07D 401/12
PCT International Application Number PCT/JP2006/309988
PCT International Filing date 2006-05-12
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 2005-141230 2005-05-13 Japan