Title of Invention

"PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MULTIPURPOSE ENERGY SOURCES AND MULTIPURPOSE ENERGY SOURCES PRODUCED SAID PROCESS"

Abstract The present invention relates to a process for preparation of a multipurpose carbonaceous energy source (MES) fuel, said energy source selected from a substantially C5 to C9 cut, a substantially C5 to C9 cut blended with a substantially C9 to C14 cut, a substantially C5 to C9 cut blended with a substantially C9 to C14 cut and a substantially C14 to C22 cut, and a substantially C5 to C9 cut blended with a substantially C14 to C22 cut. The invention extends to a process for preparing said fuel and the use of such a fuel in a CI engine, and HCCI engine, a turbine, and/or a fuel cell.
Full Text The Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process is a well known process in which carbon monoxide and hydrogen are reacted over an iron, cobalt, nickel or ruthenium containing catalyst to produce a mixture of straight and branched chain hydrocarbons ranging from methane to waxes with molecular masses above 1400 and smaller amounts of oxygenates. The feed for the FT process may be derived from coal, natural gas, biomass or heavy oil streams. The term Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) process refers to schemes based on natural gas, which is mainly methane, to obtain the synthesis gas, and its subsequent conversion using in most instances an FT process. The quality of the GTL FT synthetic products is essentially the same obtainable from the FT process here defined once the synthesis conditions and the product work-up are defined.
The complete process can include gas reforming which converts natural gas to synthesis gas (H2 and CO) using well-established reforming technology. Alternatively, synthesis gas can also be produced by gasification of coal or suitable hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks like petroleum based heavy fuel oils. The synthesis gas is then converted into synthetic hydrocarbons. The process can be effected using, among others, a fixed-bed tubular reactor or a three-phase slurry reactor. FT products include waxy hydrocarbons, light liquid hydrocarbons, a small amount of unconverted synthesis gas and a water-rich stream. The waxy hydrocarbon stream and, almost always, the light liquid hydrocarbons are then upgraded in the third step to synthetic fuels such as diesel, kerosene and naphtha. Heavy species are hydrocracked and olefins and oxygenates are hydrogenated to form a final product that is highly paraffinic. Hydrocracking and hydrogenation processes belong to the group sometimes generally named hydroconversion processes.
Summary of the Invention
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided use of a C5 to C9 cut of hydroconverted Fischer-Tropsch reaction products in a process for the preparation of an MESfuel in a compression ignition engine, or in a gas turbine, or in a fuel cell, the process including the steps of:

a) oxidising a carbonaceous material to form a synthesis gas;
b) reacting said synthesis gas under Fischer-Tropsch reaction conditions to form Fischer-Tropsch reaction products;
c) hydroconverting said products;
d) fractionating the hydroconverted Fischer-Tropsch reaction products to form at least the C5 to C9 cut as a blending component A and one or more blending components selected from the group including:
B. aC9toC14cut;and
C. aC14toC22cut;and
e) using said blending components in the production of said MES fuel;
wherein the same said MES fuel produced by steps a) to e) is suitable for use in each of said compression ignition engine, said gas turbine, and said fuel cell fuel.
The MES fuel options as defined in this invention are summarised in Table 1.
Table 1: MES Fuels

(Table Removed)
The MES fuel may, when combusted, have a CO2 emission below 3.115 g CO2/g fuel combusted.
The C5 to C9 cut and the C9 to C14 cut, when present, and the C14 to C22 cut, when present, are synthetic in origin, resulting from the Fischer-Tropsch process.
The MES Fuel may be a partially or totally synthetic fuel.

The MES Fuel may be a Fischer-Tropsch process derived fuel.
The C5 to C9 cut may be a light hydrocarbon blend, typically in the 35-160°C distillation range.
The C9 to C14 cut may be a medium hydrocarbon blend, typically in the 155-250°C distillation range.
The C14 to C22 cut may be a heavy hydrocarbon blend, typically in the 245-360°C distillation range.
To obtain the MES fuels of Table 1, the blending components A, B and C, as
described above, may be blended in a volumetric ratio of A:B:C of:
1.2:1.0:0.0 for MES 1
1.8:1.0:2.3 for MES 2
1.0:0.0:2.1 for MES 3
to
1.0:1.2:0.0 for MES 1
1.0:1.2:1.8 for MES 2
1.0:0.0:1.5 for MES 3
To obtain the MES fuels of Table 1, the blending components A, B and C may
be blended in a volumetric ratio of A:B:C, wherein:
A may be from 1 to 2;
B may be up to 1.5; and/or
C may be up to 2.5.
One or more of the blending components may be hydroconverted.
Thus, the MES may be a blend of both hydroconverted and unhydroconverted blending components.

The MES may be a product of one or more only hydroconverted blending components.
The Fischer-Tropsch process of step b) may be the Sasol Slurry Phase Distillate™ process.
The carbonaceous material of step a) may be a natural gas stream, a natural gas derivatives stream, a petroleum gas stream, a petroleum gas derivatives stream, a coal stream, a waste hydrocarbons stream, a biomass stream, and in general any carbonaceous material stream.
Optionally, hydrogen may be separated from the synthesis gas either during or after step a).
This hydrogen may be used in the hydroconversion of FT primary products, namely FT condensate and FT wax.
Table 2 below gives a typical composition of the FT condensate and FT wax fractions.
Table 2: Typical Fischer-Tropsch product after separation into two
fractions (vol% distilled)

(Table Removed)
In one embodiment of the invention, the hydroconverted products are fractionated in a common distillation unit where at least three blending components are recovered:

(1) a light hydrocarbon blend, typically in the 35-160°C ASTM D86 distillation range, i.e. C5 to C9;
(2) a medium hydrocarbon blend, typically in the 155-250°C ASTM D86 distillation range, i.e. C9 to C14; and
(3) a heavy hydrocarbon blend, typically in the 245-360°C ASTM D86 distillation range, i.e. C14 to C22.
However, in other embodiments, the FT condensate and FT wax are blended together before being fractionated into the blending components.
MES fuels of the invention meet the fuel requirements of many classes, of energy conversion systems including gas turbines, CI 'engines, including HCCI systems, and fuel cells.
The MES compositions may have the following properties which make it suitable for fuel cells, gas turbine engine and CI engines (as shown in Table 3):
High Cetane Number: Fuels with a high cetane number ignite quicker and hence exhibit a milder uncontrolled combustion because the quantity of fuel involved is less. A















WE CLAIM
1. A process for the preparation of an Multipurpose hydrocarbonaceous Energy Source
(MES) fuel by incorporating a C5 to C9 cut of hydro converted Fischer-Tropsch reaction
products in a compression ignition engine, or in a gas turbine, or in a fuel cell, the process
including the steps of:
a) oxidising a carbonaceous material such as herein described to form a synthesis gas;
b) reacting said synthesis gas under Fischer- Tropsch reaction conditions such as herein described to form Fischer-Tropsch reaction products;
c) hydro converting said products;
d) fractionating the hydro converted Fischer- Tropsch reaction products to form at least the C5 to C9 cut as a blending component A and one or more blending components selected from the group including:
a C9 to C14 cut; and a C14 to C22 cut; and
e) using said blending components in the production of said MES fuel; wherein the
same said MES fuel produced by steps a) to e) is suitable for use in each of said
compression ignition engine, said gas turbine, and said fuel cell fuel.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the C5 to C9 cut is a light hydrocarbon blend having a 35-160°C distillation range.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the C9 to C14 is a medium hydrocarbon blend having a 155-250°C distillation range.
4. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the C14 to C22 cut is a heavy hydrocarbon blend having a 245-360°C distillation range.
5. The process as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 4, wherein components Band C are both present and wherein the fuel is produced by the use of blending components A, B, and C blended in a volumetric ratio of A:B:C wherein:
A is from 1 to 2;
B is up to 1.5; and/or C is up to 2.5.
6. The process as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 5, wherein the Fischer-Tropsch
process of step b) is a slurry phase distillate process.
7. The process as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 6, wherein the carbonaceous material of step a) is a natural gas stream, a natural gas derivatives stream, a petroleum gas stream, a petroleum gas derivatives stream, a coal stream, a waste hydrocarbons stream, a biomass stream, and in general any carbonaceous material stream.
8. The process as claimed in any preceding claims 1 to 7, wherein the fuel comprises a substantially C5 to C9 hydro converted cut blended with a substantially C9 to C14 hydro converted cut, which cuts have the Fischer-Tropsch process as their origin, said blend having an H:C molar ratio from 2.18 to 2.24.
9. The process as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the fuel comprises a
substantially C5 to C9 hydro converted cut blended with a substantially C9 to C14
hydro converted cut and a substantially C14 to C22 hydro converted cut, which
cuts have the Fischer-Tropsch process as their origin, said blend having an H:C
ratio from 2.12 to 2.18.
10. The process as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the fuel comprises a
substantially C5 to C9 hydro converted cut blended with a substantially C14 to
C22 hydro converted cut, which cuts have the Fischer-Tropsch process as their
origin, said blend having an H:C molar ratio from 2.13 to 2.19.

Documents:

2360-DELNP-2006-Abstract-(23-02-2010).pdf

2360-delnp-2006-abstract.pdf

2360-DELNP-2006-Claims-(23-02-2010).pdf

2360-DELNP-2006-Claims-(29-06-2010).pdf

2360-delnp-2006-claims.pdf

2360-delnp-2006-Correspondence-Others-(15-03-2010).pdf

2360-DELNP-2006-Correspondence-Others-(23-02-2010).pdf

2360-DELNP-2006-Correspondence-Others-(29-06-2010).pdf

2360-DELNP-2006-Correspondence-Others-(29-09-2006).pdf

2360-delnp-2006-correspondence-others.pdf

2360-DELNP-2006-Description (Complete)-(23-02-2010).pdf

2360-delnp-2006-description (complete).pdf

2360-DELNP-2006-Drawings-(23-02-2010).pdf

2360-delnp-2006-drawings.pdf

2360-delnp-2006-form-1.pdf

2360-delnp-2006-form-13.pdf

2360-delnp-2006-form-18.pdf

2360-DELNP-2006-Form-2-(23-02-2010).pdf

2360-delnp-2006-form-2.pdf

2360-delnp-2006-form-26.pdf

2360-delnp-2006-Form-3-(15-03-2010).pdf

2360-delnp-2006-form-3.pdf

2360-delnp-2006-form-5.pdf

2360-delnp-2006-pct-101.pdf

2360-delnp-2006-pct-210.pdf

2360-delnp-2006-pct-304.pdf

2360-delnp-2006-pct-308.pdf

2360-delnp-2006-pct-332.pdf

2360-delnp-2006-Petition 137-(15-03-2010).pdf


Patent Number 244272
Indian Patent Application Number 2360/DELNP/2006
PG Journal Number 49/2010
Publication Date 03-Dec-2010
Grant Date 26-Nov-2010
Date of Filing 27-Apr-2006
Name of Patentee SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD
Applicant Address 1 STURDEE AVENUE, ROSEBANK, 2196 JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA.
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 DANCUART KOHLER, LUIS, PABLO, FIDEL 20 LOMBARD STREET, 1948 VAALPARK, SOUTH AFRICA
2 LAMIPRECHT, DELANIE GREENACRES 2,WENNING STREET, 1911 VANDERBIJLPARK, SOUTH AFRICA.
3 MYBURGH, IAN STRADLING 20 IRMA STERN STREET, 1911 VANDERBIJLPARK, SOUTH AFRICA.
PCT International Classification Number C10L 1/04
PCT International Application Number PCT/ZA2004/000125
PCT International Filing date 2004-10-14
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 60/512,330 2003-10-17 ZAMBIA
2 2003/8080 2003-10-17 ZAMBIA