Title of Invention

"METHOD OF PROCESSING FULLY COOKED AND BREADED BONE-IN POULTRY PRODUCT"

Abstract Methods for commercial process for producing a fully cooked and breaded bone-in poultry product, such as chicken, in which the steps of pre-dusting, batter, breading and par-frying are performed in advance of full cooking in a vapor cooker.
Full Text The present invention relates to a aethod for producing a fully oookod and breaded bone-in poultry product
Background of the Invention
Conventional in-plant processing of breaded and flash frozen, bone-in poultry-product for final preparation by the end user may take several forms. In one method, fresh, but frozen product is produced by marinating the product with seasonings, applying batter to the product surfaces, breading the batter surfaces and flash freezing the product. In conventional commercial fryers this requires a fry time of about 14 minutes. Such food preparation times are unacceptable for fast food or counter service restaurants.
If fully cooked product is desired, then the poultry product is marinated such as by injecting with a selected marinade, fully cooked within the moist environment of a convection vapor cooker, pre-dusted, battered, breaded, par-fried and flash frozen. The advantage of this method is that a restaurant need only gradually thermalize the product to a near cooking temperature of about 140 degrees Fahrenheit and then subject the product to brief frying of no more than about 90 seconds to crisp and finish the product. Such frying can take place based on product demand. However, a disadvantage of this method is that some end users find the finished product not sufficiently moist and juicy. This may be the result of moisture being removed from the product due to the product being par-fried after it is vapor cooked. It may also result from the combined dwell times of vapor cooking and par-frying.
For example, typical initial internal temperatures for unfrozen, bone-in chicken product is about 40 to 45 degrees -Fahrenheit. Vapor cooking must elevate this internal temperature to at least 160 degrees (the tJ.S.D.A. minimum) and preferably to about 185-186 degrees Fahrenheit. This requires cooker dwell times of at least 22 minutes for wing pieces and 30 minutes for thigh and drum pieces. To achieve par-frying requires fryer dwell times of at least another 30 seconds. These dwell times, coupled with the knowledge that cooking itself renders both moisture from the product and fat from the skin, are likely contributors to the perceived dryness of poultry products processed by this method.
However, the process of hot water or vapor cooking creates conditions adverse to the coating of a fully breaded product. Hence, it was not believed possible to fully batter, bread, and par-fry a bone-in poultry product that would withstand the rigors of such cooking conditions.
Prior to the development of the present invention, a need existed for a process of producing fully cooked breaded and frozen bone-in poultry, such as chicken, which results in a moist and juicy product yet requires minimal frying time by the end user.

Suaaary of the Invention;
To overcome the aforesaid drawbacks. this invention provides a method for producing a fully cooked and breaded bone-in poultry product comprising the steps of
- marinating each poultry piece in a manner as herein described with a seasoned solution as herein described,
- dusting each piece with a dusting powder comprising flour and egg white powder in the proportions ranging from 1:1 to 3:1.
- applying a layer of coating of the kind such as herein described to the surface of each piece.
- par - frying each piece in a frying medium for 80-120 seconds at a temperature ranging between 350-375°F,
- exposing each par—fried piece to a source of heated water vapor for at least 20 minutes and for a temperature sufficient for each piece to reach an internal temperature of at least 160°F to about 195° F and
- immediate freezing of said piece
According to the present invention an in—plant commercial scale process has been developed for producing a fully cooked and breaded bone-in poultry product, such as chicken. delivered frozen to the end user, which requires minimal frying time by the end user yet yields a moist and juicy product. In the broader aspects of the present invention the steps of batter, breading and par-frying are performed in advance of full cooking in a steam cooker. As a result, the internal temperature of the product is gradually elevated from initial temperature of 40-4 5 degrees Fahrenheit, to about 80 degrees Fahrenheit at the par-frying step. to about 185 degrees at the cooking stage before being rapidly brought to 0 degrees Fahrenheit at the stage of product freezing. This results in an average reduction of the combined dwell time for par-frying and cooking of about 10/i Further. by par-frying before cooking, moisture can be sealed into the product. As a result of reduced dwell time and par-frying before cooking, the end product contains more moisture and ]uice even though a reduction in the quantity of injected marinade can be achieved.
However, because the batter and breading steps occur before cooking, a more specific aspect of the present invention is directed to the composition of the powder used for pre—dusting as well as the composition of the batter and breading. Here, the present invention requires the inclusion of a high percentage of egg white powder relative to flour in the pre-dust powder and in the batter powder and breading composition This allows

the coated product to withstand the cooking environment of commercial vapor cooking.
Other advantages and aspects of the present invention will become apparent upon review of the drawing and upon reading the following of the invention.
Brief Description of the Drawing
FIG. 1 is a flowchart describing the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail a preferred embodiment of the invention with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the broad aspect of the invention to the embodiments illustrated.
As generally described in FIG. 1, the method of the present invention involves using unfrozen chicken pieces comprising wing, thigh and drum pieces. These pieces will have initial internal temperatures of 40 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit.
These pieces are then marinated by preferably by direct injection into each piece. However, other marinading methods may be used such as by soaking or tumbling. About 13% to 15% by weight of a marinade solution is injected and made from salt, phosphate and

water in proportions and in amounts commonly-found in the art. Monosodium glutamate may also be included if desired. The amount of marinade injected is typically less than the quantities used in other methods.
Next, each piece is pre-dusted with a dry composition described in the Example below. It is important that 2.5% to 3.0% pick-up of the pre-dust powder is achieved and that dusting occurs over the entire surface of the product. Also important to the coating step of the present invention is the use of a pre-dust composition having egg white powder. The pre-dust powder must have a ratio of flour to egg white powder in the range of 1:1 to 3:1. This allows for any product coating to have adequate adhesion and resistance to the conditions of the vapor cooking environment:.
As disclosed in Fig. 1, the preferred coating of the present invention is a batter followed by breading. The composition of the batter and breading is disclosed in the Example below. Batter viscosity should be carefully monitored with attention paid to batter temperature parameters. As understood in the art, even coating coverage is important to the final finish of the product.
After the coating step is completed, the step of par-frying comprises submerging each piece in a frying medium having a temperature ranging from about 3 50 to 375 degrees Fahrenheit and for a time period of about 80 to 120 seconds. Internal product7
temperature is increased to preferably about 80 degrees Fahrenheit. The frying medium may include any of those known in the art such as beef tallow or vegetable oil. An advantage of the method of the present invention is the step of par-frying in advance of the step of full cooking of the product. This seals in the product moisture and prevents fat from being rendered from the skin during the cooking process.
After par-frying, the internal product temperature is again elevated by exposing the par-fried breaded product to a moisture controlled cooking environment such as a linear steam cooker or a spiral steam cooker. Fig. 1 and the Example discloses the minimum dwell times to achieve internal product temperatures for wing, thigh and drum pieces.
Once the product is fully cooked, freezing of the product occurs, preferably using IQF freezing. Because the internal product temperature is relatively high, loner dwell times, of at least 70 minutes at -40 degrees Fahrenheit are necessary to achieve an internal product temperature of 0 degrees Fahrenheit.
The following Example discloses, in greater detail, a preferred method of the present invention.

EXAMPLE

Starting Product: wing pieces

Fresh Chicken in drum; thigh and



Injection:

Marination Ingredients;
Marination Composition:
Injection %: Product temp:

water, phosphate,
monosodium
glutamate and salt
commonly used in
proportions
•100 lb (50 gal)
water: 27.5 lb
dry marinade
14.0 + 2.0%
4 0-45 F (5-8 C)



PreDust:

Ingredients:
Target Pickup %:

wheat flour, egg white powder, rice flour, isolate soy protein,
modified starch, salt, baking powder. Wheat flour and egg white powder must be present in a Lunge from 1:1 to 3:1. All other ingredients in proportions commonly found in the art. 3.0 + 1.0%


Batter:
Ingredients:
Batter: Water: Target Pickup %: Batter Temp: Viscosity:
wheat flour, modified starch, egg white powder, corn flour, salt, baking powder in commonly used proportions
3 :1
6.0 + 2.0%
4 0-50 F
1.4 + 1 sec

Breading:
Ingredients:
Target Pickup %:
wheat, flour, corn flour, modified starch, egg-white powder, salt, baking powder in commonly used proportions 6.0 + 2.0%


Parfrying:

Ingredients:
Dwell Time:
Fryer Temperature:
Product Temp:

commonly used
frying medium such
an beef tallow or
vegetable oil
1.5 min
375 F (190 C)
80 F (23-37 C)



Spiral Cooker Steam Oven Oven Dry Bulb Oven Wet Bulb Humidity: Dwell Time:
Product Temp:

350 F (176-177 C)
185 F (85 C)
63%
2 0 minutes for wing
pieces
26 minute3 for
thigh pieces
2 8 minutes for drum
pieces
Minimum 185F (85 C)



Freezing:

Dwell Time: Freezer Temp: Product Temp:

8 0 min
-40 F
0 F (-18 C)

The foregoing Example discloses the steps taking place for in-plant processing of a fully cooked and breaded bone-in poultry product. The commercial end user then gradually raises the internal temperature of the product preferably in a thermalizing convection cabinet such as that available through Carter-Hoffman. A 2.5 hour dwell time within the cabinet in cabinet air temperature of 16 5 degrees Fahrenheit is necessary to achieve internal product temperatures of about 13 0 -140 degrees Fahrenheit. As consumer demands require, the thermalized product is surface finished by flash frying for 90 seconds at fryer temperatures of about 365 degrees Fahrenheit. This results in the product having final end user internal temperatures of about
145 degrees Fahrenheit. While the specific embodiments have been illustrated and described, numerous modifications come to mind

without significantly departi and the scope of protection accompanying claims
The term I poultry I used domesticated fowl collective] geese, guinea fowl etc.

j from the spirit of the indention is only limited by the scope of
in the specification includes such as chicen, turkeys, ducks




We claim:
1. A method for producing a fully cooked and breaded boiie-in
poultry product comprising the steps of :
marinating each poultry piece in a manner as
herein described with a seasoned solution as
herein described,
dusting each piece with a dusting powder
comprising flour and egg white powder in the
proportions ranging from 1:1 to 3:1,
applying a layer of coating of the kind such as
herein described to the surface of each piece,
par - frying each piece in a frying medium for
80-120 seconds at a temperature ranging between
350-375°F,
exposing each par-fried piece to a source of heated water vapor for at least 20 minutes and for a temperature sufficient for each piece to
reach an internal temperature of at least 160°F
to about 195° F and
immediate freezing of said piece
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said step of par-
frying comprises submerging each piece in a frying medium
at a temperature of 365°F for 90 seconds.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said step of
exposing each par-fried piece to a source of heated water
vapor comprises cooking the par-fried pieces in a moisture
controlled oven, preferably a spiral steam oven.
4 A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said piece is a thigh piece and said step of exposing each par-fried piece to a source of heated water vapor comprises cooking each

thigh piece to a minimum temperature of 350° F for a minimum period of 26 minutes.
5. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said piece is a
drum piece and said step of exposing each par-fried piece
to a source of heated water vapor comprises cooking each
drum piece to a minimum temperature of 350° F for a minimum
period of 28 minutes.
6. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said piece is a
wing piece said step of exposing each par-fried piece to a
source of heated water vapor comprises cooking each wing
piece to a minimum temperature of 350° F for a minimum
period of 20 minutes.
7. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said step of
marinating each piece comprises injecting a liquid marinating
solution, as herein described, into each piece.
8. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said step of
coating comprises applying a layer of coating of a batter to
the surface of each piece and applying a breading layer onto
the batter layer of each piece.
9. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
Marinating pieces of unfrozen chicken having an
internal temperatures of 40-45°F by injecting
each piece with a marinating solution, as herein
described,
coating the surface of each piece with a
breading layer,
frying each breaded piece for a predetermined
period of time and at a temperature sufficient
for each piece to reach an internal temperature
of at least 80°F and

exposing each fried piece to a source of heated water vapor for a predetermined period of time and at a temperature sufficient for each piece to reach an internal temperature of at least
160°F, and
immediate freezing of said piece sufficient for each piece to reach an internal temperature of
at least 0°F.
10. A method for producing a fully cooked and breaded bone-in poultry product substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated by the foregoing example and accompanying drawing.


Documents:

2656-del-1997-abstract.pdf

2656-del-1997-assignment.pdf

2656-del-1997-claims.pdf

2656-del-1997-complete specification (granted).pdf

2656-del-1997-correspondence-others.pdf

2656-del-1997-correspondence-po.pdf

2656-del-1997-description (complete).pdf

2656-del-1997-drawings.pdf

2656-del-1997-form-1.pdf

2656-DEL-1997-Form-2.pdf

2656-del-1997-form-3.pdf

2656-del-1997-form-4.pdf

2656-del-1997-form-6.pdf

2656-del-1997-pa.pdf

2656-del-1997-pct-409.pdf

2656-del-1997-pct-416.pdf

2656-del-1997-petition-138.pdf

2656-del-1997-petition-others.pdf


Patent Number 243602
Indian Patent Application Number 2656/DEL/1997
PG Journal Number 44/2010
Publication Date 29-Oct-2010
Grant Date 27-Oct-2010
Date of Filing 17-Sep-1997
Name of Patentee OSI INDUSTRIES, INC
Applicant Address 1225 CORPORATE BOULEVARD AURORA, ILLINOIS 60507-2018 U.S.A
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 JERRY L. HOPE 1314 HORNE STREET, ST. CHARLES, ILLINOIS 60174, U.S.A
2 ROBERT W. FISCHER 2734 SOUTH EUCLID AVENUE BERWYN, ILLINOIS 60402, U.S.A
3 BHUPIMDER K. GIRDHAR 506 ST JOHNS COURT OAK BROOK, ILLINOIS 60521, U.S.A
4 PATRICIA E. TOMETICH 10422 SOUTH MANSFIELD, OAK LAWN, ILLINOIS 60453, U.S.A
5 BRENT J. AFMAN 8040 VAN BUREN AVENUE MUNSTER, INDIANA 46321 U.S.A
PCT International Classification Number A23L 1/315
PCT International Application Number N/A
PCT International Filing date
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 08/734,812 1996-10-22 U.S.A.