Title of Invention

PORTABLE DOMESTIC BIO WASTE TREATMENT BIO GAS PLANT

Abstract Portable domestic bio waste treatment bio gas plant comprises of a 'digester', a lower portion with feed and discharge facility for the degradable bio waste material, a gas collector being top portion having flow control means for regulating the flow of gas to be collected in a gas holder housed within it. The gas collector is movably placed over the digester and fixed in the middle of the digester with the help of guide frame. The gas holder is provided with gas flow control means to regulate the supply of gas flow for consumption. The digester is provided with an inlet pipe, for feeding the waste matter into the digester and an outlet pipe at the top for the digested slurry to come out. The gas collector is fixed in a center guide frame provided in the middle of the digester. The center guide frame is fixed in the middle of the digester with three lugs made of galvanized iron. The center guide frame is covered with fibre glass reinforced plastic to protect it from rust. The flow control means is the flow control valve to regulate the supply of gas which is stored in the gas collector.
Full Text

This invention relates to a portable domestic bio waste treatment bio gas plant. More particularly this bio gas plant is working without the regular use of the Cow dung. Normally all the bio gas plant uses regularly and works with the profuse use of cow dung only.
Prior art
Waste disposal or management of the same is one of the most critical issues the people world over face today. They are in search of appropriate technology for hygienic waste disposal. The main reason for origin and spread of epidemics is over pollution due to careless and negligent disposal of organic waste. The dumping of such decaying waste in open stage or form spread unpleasant odour and such waste is attracted by the mosquitoes, flies, rats and other insects, who are the carriers of dangerous diseases.
Poisonous gas emission from waste matter also lead to environmental problems including global warming and climatic change and depreciation of Ozone layer. Rural people normally depend upon biomass fuels, such as fire wood, animal waste and crop residues for meeting cooking and heating energy requirements. These fuels are burnt in an in-efficient manner in traditional chulas, causing not only economic loss to the nation but also health problems to women.
While the present level of consumption of firewood is considered unsustainable, the burning of animal waste and agricultural residues deprives our soils of much needed organic matter, adversely affecting soil health and agricultural productivity. Fortunately, technologies have been developed indigenously to produce modern biomass fuel, such as biogas from cattle dung and other organic wastes and to burn biomass in an efficient manner in improved chulhas.
Generation of gobar gas / bio gas from the cow dung is a technology accepted universally. The anaerobic bacteria will be growing in multiple in the cow dung quickly. Any bio degradable waste material can be mixed with cow dung and can be fed into the bio gas plant for generating bio gas for cooking purposes domestically.
Alternatively for decomposing the bio-degradable materials anaerobically without adding cow dung and for generating bio gas from it, special type of bacteria will be cultivated in the laboratory separately and has to be mixed with waste. This process is more expensive one and so it is not affordable by a common man.
In a Bio Gas Plant, the Biomass is digested in a simple plant and Bio Gas produced is stored and used. The area required for plant is very small. Bio Gas Plant would serve many purposes such as:

1. Environment friendly disposal of waste, which is the need of the hour considering mass pollution everywhere.
2. Generation of fairly good amount of fuel gas, which will definitely support as energy resources.
3. Biogas is a colourless, odourless and inflammable gas. The gas generated can also be used as a source of natural gas.
The biogas plant normally consists of two components: a digester (or fermentation tank) and a gas holder. The digester could be a cube-shaped or cylindrical waterproof container with an inlet into which the fermentable mixture is introduced in the form of liquid slurry. The gas holder is normally an airproof steel container that, by floating it like a ball on the fermentation mix, cuts off air to the digester and collects the gas generated. The gas holder is equipped with a gas outlet, while the digester is provided with an overflow pipe to lead the sludge out into a drainage pit.
Raw materials are obtained from a variety of sources - livestock and poultry wastes, night soil, crop residues, food-processing and paper wastes, and materials such as aquatic weeds, water hyacinth, filamentous algae, and seaweed.
Problems or the drawbacks faced
Different problems are encountered with each of these wastes with regard to collection, transportation, processing, storage, residue utilization, and ultimate use. Residues from the agricultural sector such as spent straw, hay, cane trash, corn and plant stubble, and bagasse need to be shredded in order to facilitate their flow into the digester reactor as well as to increase the efficiency of bacterial action. Plant material yields more gas than dried matter does, and hence materials like brush and weeds need semi-drying. The storage of raw materials in a damp, confined space for over ten or fifteen days initiates bacterial action in that, though causing some gas loss, reduces the time for the digester to become operational.
There are farmers or other villagers, at times, who do not have cattle of their own, but want to do farming or any other business which has a relative or main bearing towards the requirement of cattle dung. In the absence of such cattle dung, it has become necessary to construct or devise a biogas generation digester which is completely portable and transportable from one place to the other. Further it is completely domestic operated and does not require any industrial license or permit or larger place. It is also suitable for all common people, who have no cattle or cow dung and who are looking for the hygienic disposal of domestic organic waste (left over) and waste from kitchen.

Aims & Objects of this Invention
It is the main object of this invention to construct or have a portable domestic biogas generation digester plant without the regular use of the cattle dung.
It is the other object of this invention to construct a prefabricated and transportable biogas generation digester plant, which is most suitable for hygienic disposal or treatment of any type of easily degradable organic waste and wastewater and for production of cooking gas from them.
It is the another object of this invention, to construct a biogas generation digester plant using anaerobic or bio methanization technology for production of cooking gas without the regular use of the cattle dung.
It is yet another object of this invention to construct a very sleek, compact, durable and a user -friendly biogas generation digester.
It is yet another object of this invention to normally produce domestically, but it is also possible to produce in larger scale, if it is necessary to do or effect bulk manufacture of cooking gas which is basically bio gas and through treatment of any type of degradable organic waste and wastewater.
It is yet another object of this invention to construct a portable bio gas generating digester plant which is made by fibre glass reinforced plastic.
It is yet another object of this invention to construct a light weight, portable bio gas plant which can use all the household waste materials for generation cooking gas.
Statement of the invention
Thus according to this invention, portable domestic bio waste treatment bio gas plant comprises of a 'digester' which is the lower portion with feed and discharge facility for the degradable bio waste material, the gas collector which is a top portion having flow control means for regulating the flow of gas to be collected in the gas holder housed within it; the said gas collector being movably placed over the said digester and also fixed in the middle of the said digester with the help of guide frames; the said gas holder being provided with gas flow control means to regulate the supply of gas flow for consumption or other utility purposes.
Thus according to another feature of this invention, said digester is provided with feed and discharge facility, wherein an inlet pipe, for feeding the waste matter into the digester and an outlet pipe at the top of the digester for the digested slurry to come out.

Thus according to yet another feature of this invention, the said gas collector is fixed in a center guide frames provided in the middle of the digester.
Thus according to yet another feature of this invention, the center guide frame is fixed in the middle of the digester with three lugs made of galvanized iron.
Thus according to yet another feature of this invention, the center guide frame is covered with fibre glass reinforced plastic to protect the same from rust.
Thus according to yet another feature of this invention, the said flow control means is the flow control valve to regulate the supply of gas which is stored in the gas collector.
Reference to Drawings
The invention will now be described in greater details with reference to the rough schematic drawings accompanying this complete specification, wherein,
Fig.1. shows the digester of the waste treatment biogas plant Fig.2. shows the elevation view of the Gas collector Fig.3. shows the plan view o the Gas collector
Detailed description of the invention
Referring to the figures 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawings, the Portable bio gas generating plant consists of a digester 1 and gas collector 4. The digester 1 is the lower portion. The digester has the feed and discharge facility for the loading and discharge of the degradable bio waste material. The gas collector 4 is a top portion having flow control means 5 for regulating the flow of gas to be collected in the gas holder 6. The gas holder 6 is housed within the gas collector 4. The gas collector 4 is movably placed over the digester 1. Also the gas collector is fixed in the middle of the digester with the help of guide frames 7. The gas holder is provided with gas flow control means 5 to regulate the supply of gas flow for consumption or other utility purposes.
The digester is provided with feed and discharge facility, wherein an inlet pipe 2, is the feed facility for feeding the waste matter into the digester and an outlet pipe 3 is the discharge facility, at the top of the digester for the digested slurry to come out. The gas collector is fixed in a center guide frame provided in the middle of the digester. The center guide frame 7 is fixed in the middle of the digester with three lugs 8. These lugs are made of galvanized iron. The center guide frame is covered with fibre glass reinforced plastic to protect the same from rust. The flow control means 5 provided in the gas holder, is the flow control valve to regulate the supply of gas which is stored in the gas collector.

Bio waste and waste water from the kitchen is collected in a bucket or bin and is fed into the plant through the inlet chamber of the plant. The waste goes to the digester 1 through the inlet pipe 2. The waste treatment bio gas generation process takes place inside the digester 1, cultivated and filled with anaerobic bacteria. The digester 1 is an air-tight chamber made by the fibre glass reinforced plastic (FRP). The microbes in the digester react with the waste and convert into bio-gas and manure. Bio-gas is a mixture of Methane and Carbon dioxide and other gases in traces quantity. The gas generated from the waste is collected in the gas collector. The gas collector is made of fibre glass reinforced plastic (FRP) and fixed in a center guide frame fixed in the middle of the digester. To centralize the gas collector in the digester and for proper movement of the gas collector, it is fixed in a centre guide frame.
During feeding, the waste is going to the bottom of the plant and treated waste / slurry is coming out from the plant through the outlet pipe of the plant fixed on the top of the plant. Once gas is generated, it is stored In the gas collector. Then the gas collector lifts up slowly to the top level of the slurry (waste) in the digester. Once the gas collector is filled and if it is not used in time, then the excess gas is liberated into the atmosphere from the sides of the collector automatically. There is a provision in the digester to rest the gas collector in the digester called Cornish, fixed above the 3 lugs supporters of the centre guide frame.
Bioqas generation process
Initially the digester of the plant is filled with processed cow dung (BIOTECH culture) with equal quantity of water. Slowly bio-methanization process takes place and bio gas starts generating from the slurry (mixture of water and cow dung) is collected. Within 2 to 3 days, the plant will start working with good performance due to the maximum growth of anaerobic bacteria (microbes) in the digester.
After the 4*^ day 10 to 20 litres of organic waste water collected from the kitchen (fish and meat cleaning water, rice cleaning water, rice washing water etc,) is added to the plant through the inlet chamber of the plant.
Next day 20 to 30 litres of organic waste water can be fed. On the 6*^ day the same quantity of water with 1 to 2 Kg of solid cooked food waste can also be mixed with the waste water and the same can be fed into the plant. Slowly the solid content in the waste water can be increased. Through this systematic process the microbes in the digester is becoming capable to decompose any type of biodegradable waste and to generate bio gas from the bio waste with out adding cow dung. There is no need to add cow dung in future operation of the plant.

If this process is not followed properly, the plant will not generate bio gas properly and the generated gas will not be capable to burn and if more quantity of bio waste is fed into the plant, the biogas may not be generated by the plant due to the acidity formation in the digester. In that case foul smell also will generate from the plant. So care should be taken that such a situation does not arise in the plant, that is, the acidity formation should not develop in the plant.
For treating the solid waste accumulated from a family of 3 to 5 members, a one cubic meter capacity plant would be sufficient. The gas generated from the plant is sufficient to replace 50% to 60% of the consumption of LPG every day.
Once the gas is generated and collected to the normal capacity of the gas collector, this level can be easily identified by watching the height of the gas collector. It normally comes through regular experience.
There is a control valve in the gas collector for regulating the flow of the gas stored in the gas collector. The gas in the gas collector is connected to a stove through a pipe line. Once the gas is utilized, the gas collector goes down in its height, slowly. Once the entire gas is used, the gas collector rest in the Cornish level of the digester. By watching the height of the gas collector, it is easy to understand the quantity of gas available in the gas collector.
The size of the plant will depend upon the quantity of the waste. Any material can be used to construct a plant. For constructing a biogas plant by traditional way using construction materials like bricks, cement mortar or concrete, minimum 5 to 7 days are required to complete the construction of the plant.
By using the Fibre glass reinforced plastic (FRP) as a construction material, the weight of the plant and the construction time of the plant can be reduced considerably. If there is no sufficient space to dig a pit and to construct a plant on the ground, the plant can be put on the terraces or any other convenient place.
The proper disposal of the waste generated every day is the main problem of a common man. Now a day everybody is facing scarcity in the availability of LPG. This system / plant is better remedy to overcome both these problems.
Operation of the plant
Bio waste materials from the kitchen are collected in a bucket / dustbin along with organic waste water. It is fed in to the inlet tank of the plant. Biogas generated is stored in the fibre glass gas holder. The flow of the gas from the gas holder to the stove is made possible by opening the control valve on the gas holder. Digested waste (slurry) comes out of the plant automatically through the outlet pipe.

Commissioning of the plant
The function of the digester / reactor starts with the filling of the digesters with processed cow dung (BIOTECH culture) to cultivate the microbes in the digester. After the initial feeding, the microbes cultivate themselves in the digester within a particular period. Through this process these microbes will help to decompose the bio waste effectively without the use of the cow dung. Once microbes are cultured in the plant, it will grow and multiply and remain in the treatment plant. So the regular feeding of the cow dung can be avoided.
Advantages
This prefabricated portable bio waste treatment blogas plant is most suitable for hygienic disposal of treatment of any type of easily degradable organic waste and waste water and for production of cooking gas from it using Anaerobic or bio methanisation technology. The design of the plant is such that it is very sleek, compact, durable, portable and user-friendly. One can either produce or manufacture it in factories on demand. So bulk supply and replication of these plants are very easy. The disposal of the waste using this eco-friendly technology really helps the society overcome all the environmental issues. All the people can pay their due share by installing a domestic waste treatment plant in their home that would help for treating the waste at the source, the same day. This portable biogas plant developed can be installed in every household and such installation of those plants would lead to a silent green revolution. Since every household is a real source of waste and wastewater, feed material is available in abundance. The installation of such a plant would change the very concept of people about hygienic waste disposal and tapping the energy of biogas from it. Yet another advantage of this plant is that the liquid organic waste from the kitchen can be treated immediately. In this manner, then in the course of time or in the future, every home could become a small powerhouse through the production of energy or bio gas for cooking purposes from their own house waste
Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings, it is to be construed that it is only to define the features of the invention and describe the same with respect to a particular exemplary unit. It is always to be construed that minor modifications are possible in the invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.








I claim:
1. Portable domestic bio waste treatment bio gas plant comprises of a 'digester' which is
the lower portion with feed and discharge facility for the degradable bio waste material,
the gas collector which is a top portion having flow control means for regulating the flow
of gas to be collected in the gas holder housed within it; the said gas collector being
movably placed over the said digester and also fixed in the middle of the said digester
with the help of guide frames; the said gas holder being provided with gas flow control
means to regulate the supply of gas flow for consumption or other utility purposes.
2. Portable domestic bio waste treatment bio gas plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
digester is provided with feed and discharge facility, wherein an inlet pipe, for feeding the
waste matter into the digester and an outlet pipe at the top of the digester for the
digested slurry to come out.
3. Portable domestic bio waste treatment bio gas plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
said gas collector is fixed in a center guide frame provided in the middle of the digester.
4. Portable domestic bio waste treatment bio gas plant as claimed in claim 3, wherein the
center guide frame is fixed in the middle of the digester with three lugs made of
galvanized iron.
5. Portable domestic bio waste treatment bio gas plant as claimed in claims 3 & 4, wherein
the center guide frame is covered with fibre glass reinforced plastic to protect the same
from rust.
6. Portable domestic bio waste treatment bio gas plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
said flow control means is the flow control valve to regulate the supply of gas, which is
stored in the gas collector.
7. Portable domestic bio waste treatment bio gas plant substantially as herein described
and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.


Documents:

2454-CHE-2007 EXAMINATION REPORT REPLY RECIEVED 08-09-2010.pdf

2454-che-2007-abstract.pdf

2454-che-2007-claims.pdf

2454-che-2007-correspondnece-others.pdf

2454-che-2007-correspondnece-po.pdf

2454-che-2007-description(complete).pdf

2454-che-2007-drawings.pdf

2454-che-2007-form 1.pdf

2454-che-2007-form 18.pdf


Patent Number 243023
Indian Patent Application Number 2454/CHE/2007
PG Journal Number 40/2010
Publication Date 01-Oct-2010
Grant Date 24-Sep-2010
Date of Filing 29-Oct-2007
Name of Patentee APPUKUTTAN SAJI DAS
Applicant Address TC 15/1551, HOUSE NO. 46, M.P. APPAN NAGAR, VAZHUTHACADU, THYCADU, P.O. TRIVANDRUM - 695 014
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 APPUKUTTAN SAJI DAS TC 15/1551, HOUSE NO. 46, M.P. APPAN NAGAR, VAZHUTHACADU, THYCADU, P.O. TRIVANDRUM - 695 014
PCT International Classification Number C12M 1/107
PCT International Application Number N/A
PCT International Filing date
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 NA