Title of Invention

IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS

Abstract The present invention relates to immunosuppressant, process for their production, their uses and pharmaceutical compositions containing them. The invention provides a novel class of compounds useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases or disorders mediated by lymphocyte interactions, particularly diseases associated with EDG receptor mediated signal transduction.
Full Text

IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Number 60/471,931 (filed 19 May 2003). The full disclosures of these applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and for all purposes.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The invention provides a novel class of immunosuppressant compounds useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases or disorders mediated by lymphocyte interactions, particularly diseases associated with EDG receptor mediated signal transduction.
Background
EDG receptors belong to a family of closely related, lipid activated G-protein coupled receptors. EDG-1, EDG-3, EDG-5, EDG-6, and EDG-8 (also respectively termed S1P1, S1P3, S1P2, S1P4, and S1P5) are identified as receptors specific for sphingosine-1-phosphate (SIP). EDG2, EDG4, and EDG7 (also termed LPA1, LPA2, and LPA3, respectively) are receptors specific for lysophosphatidic (LPA). Among the SIP receptor isotypes, EDG-1, EDG-3 and EDG-5 are widely expressed in various tissues, whereas the expression of EDG-6 is confined largely to lymphoid tissues and platelets, and that of EDG-8 to the central nervous system. EDG receptors are responsible for signal transduction and are thought to play an important role in cell processes involving cell development, proliferation, maintenance, migration, differentiation, plasticity and apoptosis. Certain EDG receptors are associated with diseases mediated by lymphocyte interactions, for example, in transplantation rejection, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases and cancer. An alteration in EDG receptor activity contributes to the pathology and/or

symptomology of these diseases. Accordingly, molecules that themselves alter the activity of EDG receptors are useful as therapeutic agents in the treatment of such diseases.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This application relates to compounds of Formula I:
in which:
A is chosen from -C(0)OR5, -OP(0)(OR5)2, -P(0)(OR5)2, -S(0)2OR5, -
P(0)(R5)OR5 and lH-tetrazol-5-yl; wherein each R5 is independently chosen from hydrogen


wherein the left and R1ght asteR1sks of Z indicate the point of attachment between -C(R3)(R4)- and A of Formula I, respectively; R6 is chosen from hydrogen and C1-C6alkyl; and Ji and J2 are independently methylene or a heteroatom chosen from S, O and NR5; wherein R5 is chosen from hydrogen and C1-C6alkyl;
R1 is chosen from C6-C10aryl and C2-9heteroaryl; wherein any aryl or heteroaryl of R1 is optionally substituted by a radical chosen from halo, C6-C10arylCo-4alkyl, C2-9heteroarylCo-4alkyl, C3-8cycloalkylCo-4alkyl, C3-8heterocycloalkylCo-4alkyl or C1-C6alkyi; wherein any aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group of R1 can be optionally substituted by one to five radicals chosen from halo, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, halo-substituted-C1-C6alkyl and halo-substituted-C1-C6alkoxy; and any alkyl group of R1 can optionally have a methylene replaced by an atom or group chosen from -S-, -S(O)-, -S(0)2™, --NR5- and -O-; wherein R5 is chosen from hydrogen or C1-C6alkyl;
R2 is chosen from C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, C3-i2cycloalkylCo-4alkyl, halo, halo-substituted-C1-C6alkyl and halo-substituted-C1-C6alkoxy;
R3 and R4 are independently chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, halo, hydroxy, Ci_ 6alkoxy, halo-substituted C1-C6alkyl and halo-substituted C1-C6alkoxy; and the N-oxide deR1vatives, prodrug deR1vatives, protected deR1vatives, individual isomers and mixtures of isomers thereof; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates (e.g. hydrates) of such compounds.
A second aspect of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition which contains a
compound of Formula I or an N-oxide deR1vative, individual isomer or mixture of isomers
thereof, or a phannaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in admixture with one or more suitable
excipients.
A third aspect of the invention is a method for treating a disease in an animal in
which alteration of EDG receptor mediated signal transduction can prevent, inhibit or
ameliorate the pathology and/or symptomology of the disease, which method compR1ses
administeR1ng to the animal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I
or a N-oxide deR1vative, individual isomer or mixture of isomers thereof; or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A fourth aspect of the invention is the use of a compound of ForMula I in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease in an animal in which alteration of EDG receptor mediated signal transduction contR1butes to the pathology and/or symptomology of the disease.
A fifth aspect of the invention is a process for prepaR1ng compounds of Formula I and the N-oxide deR1vatives, prodrug deR1vatives, protected deR1vatives, individual isomers and mixtures of isomers thereof; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
DESCR1PTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The invention provides compounds that are useful in the treatment and/or prevention of diseases or disorders mediated by lymphocyte interactions. Also provided are methods for treating such diseases or disorders.
Definitions
In this specification, unless otherwise defined:
"Alkyl" as a group and as a structural element of other groups, for example halo-substituted-alkyl, alkoxy, acyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl and alkylsulfinyl, can be either straight-chained or branched. "Alkenyl" as a group and as a structural element of other groups contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, and can be either straight-chain, or branched. Any double bonds can be in the cis- or trans- configuration. "Alkynyl" as a group and as structural element of other groups and compounds contains at least one C =C tR1ple bond and can also contain one or more C=C double bonds, and can, so far as possible, be either straight-chain or branched. Any cycloalkyl group, alone or as a structural element of other groups can contain from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 6 carbon atoms. "Alkylene" and "alkenylene" are divalent radicals deR1ved from "alkyl" and "alkenyl" groups, respectively. In this application, any alkyl group of R1 can be optionally interrupted by a member of the group selected from -S-, -S(O)-, -S(0)2-, -NR20- and -O- (wherein R20 is hydrogen or C1-C6alkyl). These groups include -CH2-0-CH2-, -CH2-S(0)2-CH2-, -(CH2)2-NR20~CH2-, -CH2-0-(CH2)2-, and the like.
"Aryl" means a monocyclic or fused bicyclic aromatic R1ng assembly containing six to ten R1ng carbon atoms. For example, C6-12aryl can be phenyl, biphenyl or naphthyl, preferably phenyl. A fused bicyclic R1ng can be partially saturated, for example, 1,2,3,4-

tetrahydro-naphthalene, and the like. "Arylene" means a divalent radical deR1ved from an aryl group. For example, arylene as used in this application can be phenylene, biphenylene, naphthylene and the like.
"Halo" or "halogen" means F, CI, Br or I, preferably F or CI. Halo-substituted alkyl groups and compounds can be partially halogenated or perhalogenated, whereby in the case of multiple halogenation, the halogen substituents can be identical or different. A preferred perhalogenated alkyl group is for example tR1fluoromethyl or tR1fluoromethoxy.
"Heteroaryl" means aryl, as defined in this application, with the addition of at least one heteroatom moiety selected from N, O or S, and each R1ng is compR1sed of 5 to 6 R1ng atoms, unless otherwise stated. For example, Caheteroaryl includes oxadiazole, tR1azole, and the like. C^eteroaryl includes quinoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinoline, and the like. C2-9heteroaryl as used in this application includes thienyl, pyR1dinyl, furanyl, isoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl or benzo[l,3]dioxolyl, preferably thienyl, furanyl or pyR1dinyl. "Heteroarylene" means heteroaryl, as defined in this application, provided that the R1ng assembly compR1ses a divalent radical. A fused bicyclic heteroaryl R1ng system can be partially saturated, for example, 2,3-dihydro-lH-isoindole, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinoline, and the like.
As used in the present invention, an EDG-1 selective compound (agent or modulator) has a specificity that is selective for EDG-1 over EDG-3 and over one or more of EDG-5, EDG-6, and EDG-8. As used herein, selectivity for one EDG receptor (a "selective receptor") over another EDG receptor (a "non-selective receptor") means that the compound has a much higher potency in inducing activities mediated by the selective EDG receptor (e.g., EDG-1) than that for the non-selective SIP-specific EDG receptor. If measured in a GTP-yS binding assay (as descR1bed in the Example below), an EDG-1 selective compound typically has an EC50 (effective concentration that causes 50% of the maximum response) for a selective receptor (EDG-1) that is at least 5,10,25, 50,100, 500, or 1000 fold lower than its EC50 for anon-selective receptor (e.g., one or more of EDG-3, EDG-5, EDG-6, and EDG-8).

Detailed DescR1ption of the Invention
The invention provides compounds that are useful for treating or preventing diseases or disorders that are mediated by lymphocyte interactions. In one embodiment, for compounds of Formula I, R1 is phenyl, naphthyl, furanyl or thienyl optionally substituted by halo, C6-C10arylC0-4alkyl, C2-9heteroarylCo-4alkyl, C3-8cycloalkylCo-4alkyl, C3-8heterocycloalkylCo-4alkyl or C1-C6alkyl; wherein any aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group of R1 can be optionally substituted by one to five radicals chosen from halo, C1-C6alkyl, d-ealkoxy, halo-substituted-C1-C6alkyl and halo-substituted~C1-C6alkoxy; and any alkyl group of R1 can optionally have a methylene replaced by an atom or group chosen from -S-, -S(O)-, -S(0)2-, -NR5- and -0-; wherein R5 is hydrogen or C1-C6alkyl In a further embodiment, R1 is chosen from:

wherein the asteR1sk is the point of attachment of R1 with X2; Rs is halo, Ce-ioarylCo-4alkyl, C2-9heteroarylCo-4alkyl, C3-scycloalkylCo-4alkyl, C3-8heterocycloalkylCo-4alkyl or C1-C6alkyl; wherein any aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group of Rs can be optionally substituted by one to three radicals chosen from halo, C1-C6alkyl, Ci_ salkoxy, halo-substituted-C1-C6alkyl and halo-substituted-C1-C6alkoxy; and any alkyl group of Rs can optionally have a methylene replaced by an atom or group chosen from -S-, -S(O)-, -S(0)2-, -NR5- and -0-; wherein R5 is hydrogen or C1-C6alkyl; and R9 is chosen from halo, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, halo-substituted-C1-C6alkyl and halo-substituted-C1-C6alkoxy.


wherein the left and R1ght asteR1sks of Z indicate the point of attachment between -C(R3)(R4)- and A of Formula I, respectively; R6 is chosen from hydrogen and C1-C6alkyl; and R3 and R4 are both hydrogen.
In another embodiment, R2 is selected from methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro and methoxy.
In another embodiment, R1 is chosen from:


The invention provides forms of the compound that have the hydroxyl or amine group present in a protected form; these function as prodrugs. Prodrugs are compounds that are converted into an active drug form after administration, through one or more chemical or biochemical transformations. Forms of the compounds of the present invention that are readily converted into the claimed compound under physiological conditions are prodrugs of the claimed compounds and are within the scope of the present invention. Examples of prodrugs include forms where a hydroxyl group is acylated to form a relatively labile ester such as an acetate ester, and forms where an amine group is acylated with the carboxylate group of glycine or an L-amino acid such as seR1ne, forming an amide bond that is particularly susceptible to hydrolysis by common metabolic enzymes.
Compounds of Formula I can exist in free form or in salt form, e.g. addition salts with inorganic or organic acids. Where hydroxyl groups are present, these groups can also be present in salt form, e.g. an ammonium salt or salts with metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc or magnesium, or a mixture thereof. Compounds of Formula I and their salts in hydrate or solvate form are also part of the invention.
When the compounds of Formula I have asymmetR1c centers in the molecule, vaR1ous optical isomers are obtained. The present invention also encompasses enantiomers, racemates, diastereoisomers and mixtures thereof. Moreover, when the compounds of Formula I include geometR1c isomers, the present invention embraces cis-compounds, trans-compounds and mixtures thereof. Similar considerations apply in relation to starting mateR1als exhibiting asymmetR1c carbon atoms or unsaturated bonds as mentioned above.
Methods and Pharmaceutical Compositions for Treating Immunomodulatory Conditions
The compounds of Formula I in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, exhibit valuable pharmacological properties, e.g. lymphocyte recirculation modulating properties, for example, as indicated by the in vitro and in vivo tests of Example 5 and are therefore indicated for therapy. Compounds of Formula I preferably show an EC50 in the range of 1 x 10"11 to 1 x 10"5 M, preferably less than 50nM, The compounds exhibit selectivity for one or more EDG/S1P receptors, preferably EDG-1/S1P-1. EDG-1/S1P-1 selective modulators of the present invention can be identified by assaying a compound's binding to EDG-1/S1P-1 and one or more of the other EDG/S1P receptors (e.g., EDG-

3/S1P-3, EDG-S/S1P-2, EDG-6/S1P-4, andEDG-8/SlP-5). AnEDG-l/SlP-1 selective modulator usually has an EC50 for the EDG-l/SlP-1 receptor in the range of 1 x 10"u to 1 x 10"5 M, preferably less than 50 nM, more preferably less than 5 nM. It also has an EC50 for one or more of the other EDG/S1P receptors that is at least 5,10, 25, 50,100, 500, or 1000 fold higher than its EC50 for EDG-l/SlP-1. Thus, some of the EDG-l/SlP-1 modulatory compoimds will have an EC50 for EDG-l/SlP-1 that is less than 5 nM while their EC50 for one or more of the other EDG/S1P receptors are at least 100 nM or higher. Other than assaying binding activity to the EDG/S1P receptors, EDG-l/SlP-1 selective agents can also be identified by examining a test agent's ability to modify a cellular process or activity mediated by an EDG/S1P receptor.
The compounds of Formula I are, therefore, useful in the treatment and/or prevention of diseases or disorders mediated by lymphocytes interactions, for example in transplantation, such as acute or chronic rejection of cell, tissue or organ alio- or xenografts or delayed graft function, graft versus host disease, autoimmune diseases, e.g. rheumatoid arthR1tis, systemic lupus erythematosus, hashimoto's thyroidis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, diabetes type I or II and the disorders associated therewith, vasculitis, pernicious anemia, Sjoegren syndrome, uveitis, psoR1asis, Graves ophthalmopathy, alopecia areata and others, allergic diseases, e.g. allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis, allergic contact dermatitis, inflammatory diseases optionally with underlying aberrant reactions, e.g. inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, intR1nsic asthma, inflammatory lung injury, inflammatory liver injury, inflammatory glomerular injury, atherosclerosis, osteoarthR1tis, irR1tant contact dermatitis and further eczematous dermatitises, seborrhoeic dermatitis, cutaneous manifestations of immunologically-mediated disorders, inflammatory eye disease, keratoconjunctivitis, myocarditis or hepatitis, ischemia/reperfusion injury, e.g. myocardial infarction, stroke, gut ischemia, renal failure or hemorrhage shock, traumatic shock, T cell lymphomas or T cell leukemias, infectious diseases, e.g. toxic shock (e.g. superantigen induced), septic shock, adult respiratory distress syndrome or viral infections, e.g. AIDS, viral hepatitis, chronic bacteR1al infection, or senile dementia. Examples of cell, tissue or solid organ transplants include e.g. pancreatic islets, stem cells, bone marrow, corneal tissue, neuronal tissue, heart, lung, combined heart-lung, kidney, liver, bowel, pancreas, trachea or oesophagus. For the

above uses the required dosage will of course vary depending on the mode of administration, the particular condition to be treated and the effect desired.
Furthermore, the compounds of Formula I are useful in cancer chemotherapy, particularly for cancer chemotherapy of solid tumors, e.g. breast cancer, or as an anti-angiogenic agent.
The required dosage will of course vary depending on the mode of administration, the particular condition to be treated and the effect desired. In general, satisfactory results are indicated to be obtained systemically at daily dosages of from about 0.03 to 2.5 mg/kg per body weight. An indicated daily dosage in the larger mammal, e.g. humans, is in the range from about 0.5 mg to about 100 mg, conveniently administered, for example, in divided doses up to four times a day or in retard form. Suitable unit dosage forms for oral administration compR1se from ca. 1 to 50 mg active ingredient.
The compounds of Formula I can be administered by any conventional route, in particular enterally, for example, orally, e.g. in the form of tablets or capsules, or parenterally, for example, in the fonn of injectable solutions or suspensions, topically, e.g. in the form of lotions, gels, ointments or creams, or in a nasal or a suppository form. Pharmaceutical compositions compR1sing a compound of Formula I in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form in association with at least one pharmaceutical acceptable carR1er or diluent can be manufactured in conventional manner by mixing with a pharmaceutically acceptable carR1er or diluent.
The compounds of Formula I can be administered in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, for example, as indicated above. Such salts can be prepared in a conventional manner and exhibit the same order of activity as the free compounds.
hi accordance with the foregoing the present invention further provides:
1.1 A method for preventing or treating disorders or diseases mediated by lymphocytes, e.g. such as indicated above, in a subject in need of such treatment, which method compR1ses administeR1ng to said subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
1.2 A method for preventing or treating acute or chronic transplant rejection or T-cell mediated inflammatory or autoimmune diseases, e.g. as indicated above, in a subject in

need of such treatment, which method compR1ses administeR1ng to said subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
1.3 A method for inhibiting or controlling deregulated angiogenesis, e.g. sphingosine-1-phosphate (SIP) mediated angiogenesis, in a subject in need thereof, compR1sing administeR1ng to said subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
1.4 A method for preventing or treating diseases mediated by a neo-angiogenesis process or associated with deregulated angiogenesis in a subject in need thereof, compR1sing administeR1ng to said subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof

2. A compound of Formula I, in free form or in a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form for use as a pharmaceutical, e.g. in any of the methods as indicated under 1.1 to 1.4 above. 3. A pharmaceutical composition, e.g. for use in any of the methods as in 1.1 to 1.4 above compR1sing a compound of Formula I in free form or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carR1er therefor.
4. A compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for use in any of the method as in 1.1 to 1.4 above.
The compounds of Formula I may be administered as the sole active ingredient or in conjunction with, e.g. as an adjuvant to, other drugs e.g. immunosuppressive or immunomodulating agents or other anti-inflammatory agents, e.g. for the treatment or prevention of alio- or xenograft acute or chronic rejection or inflammatory or autoimmune disorders, or a chemotherapeutic agent, e.g. a malignant cell antiproliferative agent. For example the compounds of Formula I may be used in combination with a calcineuR1n inhibitor, e.g. cyclospoR1n A or FK 506; a mTOR inhibitor, e.g. rapamycin, 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin, CCI779, ABT578 or AP23573; an ascomycin having immunosuppressive properties, e.g. ABT-281, ASM981, etc.; corticosteroids; cyclophosphamide; azathioprene; methotrexate; leflunomide; mizoR1bine; mycophenolic acid; mycophenolate mofetil; 15-deoxyspergualine or an immunosuppressive homologue, analogue or deR1vative thereof; immunosuppressive monoclonal antibodies, e.g. monoclonal

antibodies to leukocyte receptors, e.g. MHC, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD7, CD8, CD25, CD28, CD40, CD45, CD58, CD80, CD86 or their ligands; other immunomodulatory compounds, e.g. a recombinant binding molecule having at least a portion of the extracellular domain of CTLA4 or a mutant thereof, e.g. an at least extracellular portion of CTLA4 or a mutant thereof joined to a non-CTLA4 protein sequence, e.g. CTLA4Ig (for ex. designated ATCC 68629) or a mutant thereof, e.g. LEA29Y; adhesion molecule inhibitors, e.g. LFA-1 antagonists, ICAM-1 or -3 antagonists, VCAM-4 antagonists or VLA-4 antagonists; or a chemotherapeutic agent.
By the term "chemotherapeutic agent" is meant any chemotherapeutic agent and it includes but is not limited to,
i. an aromatase inhibitor,
ii. an anti-estrogen, an anti-androgen (especially in the case of prostate cancer) or a gonadorelin agonist,
iii. a topoisomerase I inhibitor or a topoisomerase II inhibitor,
iv. a microtubule active agent, an alkylating agent, an antineoplastic antimetabolite or a platin compound,
v. a compound targeting/decreasing a protein or lipid kinase activity or a protein or lipid phosphatase activity, a further anti-angiogenic compound or a compound which induces cell differentiation processes,
vi. a bradykinin 1 receptor or an angiotensin II antagonist,
vii. a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, a bisphosphonate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, aheparanase inhibitor (prevents heparan sulphate degradation), e.g. PI-88, a biological response modifier, preferably a lymphokine or interferons, e.g. interferon D, an ubiquitination inhibitor, or an inhibitor which blocks anti-apoptotic pathways,
viii. an inhibitor of Ras oncogenic isoforms, e.g. H-Ras, K-Ras or N-Ras, or a farnesyl transferase inhibitor, e.g. L-744,832 or DK8G557,
ix. a telomerase inhibitor, e.g. telomestatin,
x. a protease inhibitor, a matR1x metalloproteinase inhibitor, a methionine aminopeptidase inhibitor, e.g. bengamide or a deR1vative thereof, or a proteosome inhibitor, e.g. PS-341, and/or
xi. a mTOR inhibitor.

The term "aromatase inhibitor" as used herein relates to a compound which inhibits the estrogen production, i.e. the conversion of the substrates androstenedione and testosterone to estrone and estradiol, respectively. The term includes, but is not limited to steroids, especially atamestane, exemestane and formestane and, in particular, non-steroids, especially aminoglutethimide, roglethimide, pyR1doglutethimide, tR1lostane, testolactone, ketokonazole, vorozole, fadrozole, anastrozole and letrozole. A combination of the invention compR1sing a chemotherapeutic agent which is an aromatase inhibitor is particularly useful for the treatment of hormone receptor positive tumors, e.g. breast tumors.
The term "anti-estrogen" as used herein relates to a compound which antagonizes the effect of estrogens at the estrogen receptor level. The term includes, but is not limited to tamoxifen, folvestrant, raloxifene and raloxifene hydrochloR1de. A combination of the invention compR1sing a chemotherapeutic agent which is an anti-estrogen is particularly useful for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive tumors, e.g. breast tumors.
The term "anti-androgen" as used herein relates to any substance which is capable of inhibiting the biological effects of androgenic hormones and includes, but is not limited to, bicalutamide.
The term "gonadorelin agonist" as used herein includes, but is not limited to abarelix, goserelin and goserelin acetate.
The term "topoisomerase I inhibitor" as used herein includes, but is not limited to topotecan, iR1notecan, 9-nitrocamptothecin and the macromolecular camptothecin conjugate PNU-166148 (compound Al in WO99/17804).
The term "topoisomerase II inhibitor" as used herein includes, but is not limited to the anthracyclines such as doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin and nemorabicin, the anthraquinones mitoxantrone and losoxantrone, and the podophillotoxines etoposide and teniposide.
The term "microtubule active agent" relates to microtubule stabilizing and microtubule destabilizing agents including, but not limited to taxanes, e.g. paclitaxel and docetaxel, vinca alkaloids, e.g., vinblastine, especially vinblastine sulfate, vincR1stine especially vincR1stine sulfate, and vinorelbine, discodermolides and epothilones and deR1vatives thereof, e.g. epothilone B or a deR1vative thereof.

The term "alkylating agent" as used herein includes, but is not limited to busulfan, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan or nitrosourea (BCNU or Gliadel™).
The term "antineoplastic antimetabolite" includes, but is not limited to 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, gemcitabine, cytarabine, fludarabine, thioguanine, methotrexate and edatrexate.
The tenn "platin compound" as used herein includes, but is not limited to carboplatin, cis-platin and oxaliplatin.
The term "compounds targeting/decreasing a protein or lipid kinase activity or further anti-angiogenic compounds" as used herein includes, but is not limited to protein tyrosine kinase and/or seR1ne and/or threonine kinase inhibitors or lipid kinase inhibitors, e.g. compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the epidermal growth factor family of receptor tyrosine kinases (EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4 as homo- or heterodimers), the vascular endothelial growth factor family of receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFR), the platelet-deR1ved growth factor-receptors (PDGFR), the fibroblast growth factor-receptors (FGFR), the insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-IR), the Trk receptor tyrosine kinase family, the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase family, the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase, the Kit/SCFR receptor tyrosine kinase, members of the c-Abl family and their gene-fusion products (e.g. BCR-Abl), members of the protein kinase C (PKC) and Raf family of seR1ne/threonine kinases, members of the MEK, SRC, JAK, FAK, PDK or PI(3) kinase family, or of the PI(3)-kinase-related kinase family, and/or members of the cyclin-dependent kinase family (CDK) and anti-angiogenic compounds having another mechanism for their activity, e.g. unrelated to protein or lipid kinase inhibition.
Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of VEGFR are especially
compounds, proteins or antibodies which inhibit the VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase, inhibit a
VEGF receptor or bind to VEGF, and are in particular those compounds, proteins or
monoclonal antibodies genetically and specifically disclosed in WO 98/35958, e.g. l-(4-
chloroaniLIno)-4-(4-pyR1dylmethyl)phthalazine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
e.g. the succinate, in WO 00/27820, e.g. a N-aryl(thio) anthranilic acid amide deR1vative e.g.
2-[(4-p)R1dyl)methyy or 2-[(l -
oxido-4-pyR1dyl)methyl]amino-N-[3-trifluoromethylphenyl]ben2amide, or in WO 00/09495,

WO 00/59509, WO 98/11223, WO 00/27819 and EP 0 769 947; those as descR1bed by M. Prewett et al in Cancer Research 59 (1999) 5209-5218, by R Yuan et al in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 93, pp. 14765-14770, Dec. 1996, by Z. Zhu et al in Cancer Res. 58,1998, 3209-3214, and by J. Mordenti et al in Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 27, no. 1, pp 14-21, 1999; in WO 00/37502 and WO 94/10202; Angiostatin™, descR1bed by M. S. O'Reilly et al, Cell 79,1994, 315-328; Endostatin™, descR1bed by M. S. O'Reilly et al, Cell 88,1997, 277-285; anthranilic acid amides; ZD4190; ZD6474; SU5416; SU6668; or anti-VEGF antibodies or anti-VEGF receptor antibodies,e.g. RhuMab.
By antibody is meant intact monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies formed from at least 2 intact antibodies, and antibody fragments so long as they exhibit the desired biological activity.
Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor family are especially compounds, proteins or antibodies which inhibit members of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase family, e.g. EGF receptor, ErbB2, ErbB3 and ErbB4 or bind to EGF or EGF related ligands, or which have a dual inhibiting effect on the ErbB and VEGF receptor kinase and are in particular those compounds, proteins or monoclonal antibodies genetically and specifically disclosed in WO 97/02266, e.g. the compound of ex. 39, or in EP 0 564 409, WO 99/03854, EP 0520722, EP 0 566 226, EP 0 787 722, EP 0 837 063, US 5,747,498, WO 98/10767, WO 97/30034, WO 97/49688, WO 97/38983 and, especially, WO 96/30347 (e.g. compound known as CP 358774), WO 96/33980 (e.g. compound ZD 1839) and WO 95/03283 (e.g. compound ZM105180) or PCT/EP02/08780; e.g. trastuzumab (HeipetinR), cetuximab, Iressa, OSI-774, CI-1033, EKB-569, GW-2016, El.l, E2.4, E2.5, E6.2, E6.4, E2.ll, E6.3 or E7.6.3.
Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of PDGFR are especially compounds which inhibit the PDGF receptor, e.g. a N-phenyl-2-pyR1midine-amine deR1vative, e.g. imdtinib.
Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of c-Abl family members and their gene fusion products are, e.g. aN-phenyl-2-pyR1midine-amine deR1vative, e.g. imatinib; PD180970; AG957; or NSC 680410.
Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of protein kinase C, Raf, MEK, SRC, JAK, FAK and PDK family members, or PI(3) kinase or PI(3) kinase-related

family members, and/or members of the cyclin-dependent kinase family (CDK) are especially those staurospoR1ne deR1vatives disclosed in EP 0 296 110, e.g. midostauR1n; examples of further compounds include e.g. UCN-01, safingol, BAY 43-9006, Bryostatin 1, PeR1fosine; Hmofosine; RO 318220 and RO 320432; GO 6976; Isis 3521; or LY333531/LY379196.
Further anti-angiogenic compounds are e.g. thalidomide (THALOMID) and TNP-470.
Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of a protein or lipid phosphatase are, e.g. inhibitors of phosphatase 1, phosphatase 2A, PTEN or CDC25, e.g. okadaic acid or a deR1vative thereof.
Compounds which induce cell differentiation processes are, e.g. retinoic acid, a-, y- or 6-tocopherol or a-, y: or 5-tocotR1enol.
The term cyclooxygenase inhibitor as used herein includes, but is not limited to, e.g. celecoxib (CelebrexR), rofecoxib (VioxxR), etoR1coxib, valdecoxib or a 5-alkyl-2-arylaminophenylacetic acid, e.g. 5-methyl-2-(2,-chloro-6,-fluoroanilino)phenyl acetic acid.
The term "histone deacetylase inhibitor" as used herein includes, but is not limited to MS-27-275, SAHA, pyroxamide, FR-901228 or valproic acid.
The term ccbisphosphonates" as used herein includes, but is not limited to, etR1donic, clodronic, tiludronic, pamidronic, alendronic, ibandronic, R1sedronic and zoledronic acid.
The term "matR1x metalloproteinase inhibitor" as used herein includes, but is not limited to collagen peptidomimetic and non-petidomimetic inhibitors, tetracycline deR1vatives, e.g. hydroxamate peptidomimetic inhibitor batimastat and its orally bioavailable analogue maR1mastat, pR1nomastat, BMS-279251, BAY 12-9566, TAA211 or AAJ996.
The term "mTOR inhibitor" as used herein includes, but is not limited to rapamycin (sirolimus) or a deR1vative thereof, e.g. 32-deoxorapamycin, 16-pent-2-ynyloxy-32-deoxorapamycin, 16-pent-2-ynyloxy-32(S)-dihydro-rapamycin, 16-pent-2-ynyloxy-32(S)-dihydro-40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin and, more preferably, 40-0-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-rapamycin. Further examples of rapamycin deR1vatives include e.g. CCI779 or 40- [3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate]-rapamycin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as disclosed in USP 5,362,718, ABT578 or 40-(tetrazolyl)-

i
rapamycin, particularly 40-epi-(tetrazolyl)-rapamycin, e.g. as disclosed in WO 99/15530, or rapalogs as disclosed e.g. in WO 98/02441 and WO01/14387, e.g. AP23573.
Where the compounds of Formula I are administered in conjunction with other immunosuppressive / immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory or chemotherapeutic therapy, dosages of the co-administered immunosuppressant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory or chemotherapeutic compound will of course vary depending on the type of co-drug employed, e.g. whether it is a steroid or a calcineuR1n inhibitor, on the specific drug employed, on the condition being treated and so forth.
In accordance with the foregoing the present invention provides in a yet further aspect:
5. A method as defined above compR1sing co-administration, e.g. concomitantly or in sequence, of a therapeutically effective non-toxic amount of a compound of Formula I and at least a second drug substance, e.g. an immunosuppressant, immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory or chemotherapeutic drug, e.g. as indicated above.
6. A pharmaceutical combination, e.g. a kit, compR1sing a) a first agent which is a compound of Formula I as disclosed herein, in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, and b) at least one co-agent, e.g. an immunosuppressant, immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory or chemotherapeutic drug, e.g. as disclosed above. The kit may compR1se instructions for its administration.
The terms "co-administration" or "combined administration" or the like as utilized herein are meant to encompass administration of the selected therapeutic agents to a single patient, and are intended to include treatment regimens in which the agents are not necessaR1ly administered by the same route of administration or at the same time.
The term "pharmaceutical combination" as used herein means a product that results from the mixing or combining of more than one active ingredient and includes both fixed and non-fixed combinations of the active ingredients. The term "fixed combination" means that the active ingredients, e.g. a compound of Formula I and a co-agent, are both administered to a patient simultaneously in the form of a single entity or dosage. The term "non-fixed combination" means that the active ingredients, e.g. a compound of Formula I and a co-agent, are both administered to a patient as separate entities either simultaneously, concurrently or sequentially with no specific time limits, wherein such administration

provides therapeutically effective levels of the 2 compounds in the body of the patient. The latter also applies to cocktail therapy, e.g. the administration of 3 or more active ingredients.
Methods for PrepaR1ng Compounds of the Invention
The present invention also includes processes for the preparation of immunomodulatory compounds of the invention. In the reactions descR1bed, it can be necessary to protect reactive functional groups, for example hydroxy, amino, imino, thio or carboxy groups, where these axe desired in the final product, to avoid their unwanted participation in the reactions. Conventional protecting groups can be used in accordance with standard practice, for example, see T.W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts in "Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry", John Wiley and Sons, 1991.

Compounds of Formula I can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula 2 with a compound of formula 3 in the presence of a suitable solvent (e.g. DCM, DMF, and the like) and a suitable base (e.g. DIEA, NaOH, or the like). The reaction proceeds at a temperature of about 0°C to about 100°C and can take up to about 48 hours to complete.
Compounds of Formula I, in which R3 is hydrogen or C1-C6alkyl and R4 is hydrogen, can be prepared by proceeding as in the following reaction scheme 2:


in which R1, R2, X\, X2, A and Z are as defined for Formula I above. Compounds of Formula I can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula 4 with a compound of formula 3 in the presence of a suitable solvent (e.g. MeOH, and the like), a suitable base (e.g. TEA and the like) and a suitable reducing agent (NaCNBEb, and the like). The reaction proceeds at a temperature of about 0 to about 100°C and can take up to 48 hours to complete.
Additional Processes for PrepaR1ng Compounds of the Invention:
A compound of the invention can be prepared as a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt by reacting the free base form of the compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid. Alternatively, a pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt of a compound of the invention can be prepared by reacting the free acid form of the compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic base. Alternatively, the salt forms of the compounds of the invention can be prepared using salts of the starting mateR1als or intermediates.
The free acid or free base forms of the compounds of the invention can be prepared from the corresponding base addition salt or acid addition salt from, respectively. For example a compound of the invention in an acid addition salt form can be converted to the corresponding free base by treating with a suitable base (e.g., ammonium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide, and the like). A compound of the invention in a base addition salt form can be converted to the corresponding free acid by treating with a suitable acid (e.g., hydrochloR1c acid, etc.).

Compounds of the invention in unoxidized form can be prepared from N-oxides of compounds of the invention by treating with a reducing agent (e.g., sulfur, sulfur dioxide, tR1phenyl phosphine, lithium borohydR1de, sodium borohydR1de, phosphorus tR1chloR1de, tR1bromide, or the like) in a suitable inert organic solvent (e.g. acetonitR1le, ethanol, aqueous dioxane, or the like) at 0 to 80°C.
Prodrug deR1vatives of the compounds of the invention can be prepared by methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art (e.g., for further details see Saulnier et al., (1994),
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Vol. 4, p. 1985). For example, appropR1ate
>
prodrugs can be prepared by reacting a non-deR1vatized compound of the invention with a suitable carbamylating agent (e.g., 1,1-acyloxyalkylcarbanochloR1date, para-nitrophenyl carbonate, or the like).
Protected deR1vatives of the compounds of the invention can be made by means known to those of ordinary skill in the art. A detailed descR1ption of techniques applicable to the creation of protecting groups and their removal can be found in T W. Greene, "Protecting Groups in Organic Chemistry", 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1999.
Compounds of the present invention can be conveniently prepared, or formed duR1ng the process of the invention, as solvates (e.g., hydrates). Hydrates of compounds of the present invention can be conveniently prepared by recrystallization from an aqueous/organic solvent mixture, using organic solvents such as dioxin, tetrahydrofuran or methanol
Compounds of the invention can be prepared as their individual stereoisomers by reacting a racemic mixture of the compound with an optically active resolving agent to forma pair of diastereoisomeR1c compounds, separating the diastereomers and recoveR1ng the optically pure enantiomers. While resolution of enantiomers can be carR1ed out using covalent diastereomeR1c deR1vatives of the compounds of the invention, dissociable complexes are preferred (e.g., crystalline diastereomeR1c salts). Diastereomers have distinct physical properties (e.g., melting points, boiling points, solubilities, reactivity, etc.) and can be readily separated by taking advantage of these dissimilaR1ties. The diastereomers can be separated by chromatography, or preferable, by separation/resolution techniques based upon differences in solubility. The optically pure enantiomer is then recovered, along with the resolving agent, by any practical means that would not result in racemization. A more

detailed descR1ption of the techniques applicable to the resolution of stereoisomers of compounds from the their racemic mixture can be found in Jean Jacques, Andre Collet, Samuel H. Wilen, "Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions", John Wiley And Sons, .Inc., 1981.
hi summary, the compounds of Formula I can be made by a process, which involves:
(a) reaction schemes 1 or 2 above; and
(b) optionally converting a compound of the invention into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt;
(c) optionally converting a salt form of a compound of the invention to a non-salt form;
(d) optionally converting an unoxidized form of a compound of the invention into a pharmaceutically acceptable N-oxide;
(e) optionally converting an N-oxide form of a compound of the invention to its unoxidized form;
(f) optionally resolving an individual isomer of a compound of the invention from a mixture of isomers;
(g) optionally converting a non-deR1vatized compound of the invention into a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug deR1vative; and
(h) optionally converting a prodrug deR1vative of a compound of the invention to its non-deR1vatized form.
Insofar as the production of the starting mateR1als is not particularly descR1bed, the compounds are known or can be prepared analogously to methods known in the art or as disclosed in the Examples hereinafter.
One of skill in the art will appreciate that the above transformations are only representative of methods for preparation of the compounds of the present invention, and that other well known methods can similarly be used.

EXAMPLES
The following examples provide detailed descR1ptions of the preparation of representative compounds and are offered to illustrate, but not to limit the present invention.

To a solution of 4-bromo-3-(tR1fluoromethy)aniline (360 mg, 1.50 mmol, 1 eq.) in DMF (5 mL) is added phenyl boronic acid (274 mg, 2.25 mmol, 1.5 eq.), K2CO3 (621 mg, 4.5 mmol, 3 eq.), and tetrakis(tR1phenylphosphine)palladium (0) (173 mg, 0.15 mmol, 0,1 eq.). The mixture is purged with N2 (g) for 5 minutes and heated at 120°C for 20 h. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction is diluted with EtOAc and washed with H2O followed by saturated aqueous NaCl. The organic solution is dR1ed over Na2SC>4. After concentration, the residue is puR1fied by gradient silica gel chromatography (hexanes to 3:1 hexanes/EtOAc) to give 2-tR1fluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylamine. [MS: (ES-*) 238.1 (M+l)+].
2-tR1fluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylamine (175 mg, 0.7377 mmol, 1 eq.) is dissolved in a mixture of CH3OH (0.75 mL), H20 (0.75 mL), and concentrated aqueous HC1 (0.4 mL). This solution is cooled to 0°C and a solution of NaN02 (71 mg, 1.033 mmol, 1.4 eq.) dissolved in H2O (0.30 mL) is added slowly over 1 h, keeping the reaction temperature at 0°C. After this addition is complete, the reaction mixture is quickly added to a solution of O-ethyl-xanthic acid potassium salt (237 mg, 1.475 mmol, 2 eq.) in H2O (0.70 mL) which has been pre-heated to 65°C. This reaction mixture is stirred at 65°C for 15 min. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction is diluted with EtOAc and washed with H2O followed by saturated aqueous NaCl. The organic solution is dR1ed over Na2S04. After concentration, the residue is puR1fied by silica gel chromatography (9:1 hexanes/EtOAc) to give dithiocarbonic acid O-ethyl ester S-(2-tR1fluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yl) ester.

To a solution of dithiocarbonic acid O-ethyl ester S-(2-tR1fluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yl) ester (128 mg, 0.3738 nunol) in EtOH (5 mL) is added aqueous NaOH (1 N, 5 mL). The mixture is heated at 65°C for 3 h. After cooling to room temperature, 1 N HC1 (aq) is added until the reaction pH is adjusted to ca. pH=5. The reaction is diluted with EtOAc and washed with H2O followed by saturated aqueous NaCl. The organic solution is dR1ed over Na2S04. After concentration, the crude 2-tR1fluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-thiol product obtained (64 mg, 0.2519 mmol) is dissolved in EtOH (5 mL). NaBR* (19 mg, 0.5039 mmol, 2 eq.) is added to this solution. The resulting mixture is stirred at room temperature for 25 min at which point methyl-4-(bromomethyl)benzoate (58 mg, 0.2519 mmol, 1 eq.) inDMF (1.5 mL) is added to the reaction. The mixture is stirred at room temperature an additional 30 min. The EtOH is removed under vacuum. The resulting DMF solution is diluted with EtOAc and washed with H2O followed by saturated aqueous NaCl. The organic solution is dR1ed over Na2S04. After concentration, the residue is puR1fied by silica gel chromatography (3:1 hexanes/EtOAc) to give 4-(2-tR1fluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylsulfanylmethyl)-benzoic acid methyl ester. [MS: (ES*) 425.1 (M+23)+].
To a solution of 4-(2-tR1fluorometibiyl-biphenyl-4-ylsulfanylmethyl)-benzoic acid methyl ester (83 mg, 0.2062 mmol, 1 eq.) in anhydrous toluene (5 mL) cooled to -78°C is added DIBAL-H (1 M in toluene, 0.41 mL, 0.41 mmol, 2 eq). The mixture is stirred at -78°C for 30 min. The reaction is quenched by the addition of saturated aqueous NH4CI after which point the reaction mixture is allowed to warm to room temperature. The reaction is diluted with EtOAc and washed with 1N HC1 (aq), H2O, and saturated aqueous NaCl. The organic solution is dR1ed over Na2S04. After concentration, the residue is puR1fied by silica gel chromatography (1:1 hexanes/EtOAc) to give [4-(2-tR1fluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylsulfanylmethyl)-phenyl]-methanol. [MS: (ES4) 397.1 (M+23)+j.
To a solution of [4-(2-tR1fluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylsulfanylmethyl)-phenyl]-methanol (162 mg, 0.4327 mmol, 1 eq.) in anhydrous DCM (5 mL) is added PPh3 (148 mg, 0.5625 mmol, 1.3 eq). The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 5 min. at which point the reaction is cooled to 0°C. To the reaction mixture at 0°C is added a solution of CBr4 (187 mg, 0.5625 mmol, 1.3 eq.) in anhydrous DCM (2 mL). The reaction is allowed to slowly warm to room temperature and is stirred for 12 h. The reaction mixture is applied directly to silica gel chromatography (6:1 hexanes/EtOAc) to give 4-(4-bromomethyl-benzylsulfanyl)-2-tR1fluoromethyl-biphenyl.

(185 mg, 0.4230 mmol, 1 eq.) in anhydrous DCM (7 mL) is added azetidine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester (HCl salt, 96 mg, 0.6345 mmol, 1.5 eq.) and DffiA (0.74 mL, 4.230 mmol, 10 eq.). The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The reaction mixture is applied directly to silica gel chromatography (gradient from 5:1 hexanes/EtOAc to 1:2 hexanes/EtOAc) to give l-[4-(2-tR1fluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylsulfanylmethyl)-benzyl]-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester.
To a solution of l-[4-(2-tR1fluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylsulfanylmethyl)-benzyl]-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester (129 mg, 0.2736 mmol, 1 eq.) in a mixture of MeOH (5 mL) and H20 (0.5 mL) is added LiOH-H20 (23 mg, 0.5472 mmol, 2 eq.). The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After concentration, the crude product is puR1fied by preparative RP LC-MS to give l-["4-(2-TR1fluoromethvl-biphenvl-4-vlsulfanvlmethvn-benzvn-azetidine-3-carboxvUcacid: 1HNMR(CD3OD,400MHz)8 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.60 (d, 1H), 7.56 (d, 2H), 7.46-7.39 (m, 6H), 7.29 (d, 2H), 4.42 (s, 2H), 4.35 (s, 2H), 4.31 (d, 4H), 3.73-3.61 (m, 1H); MS (ES*): (458.1, M+l)+.


tert-butyl ester.
To a solution of 3-[4-(2-tR1fluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylsulfanylmethyl)-benzylamino]-propionic acid tert-butyl ester (24 mg, 0.0478 mmol, 1 eq.) in DCM (2 mL) is added tR1ethylsilane (0.038 mL, 0.2392 mmol, 5 eq.) followed by TFA (2 mL). The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After concentration, the crude product is puR1fied by preparative RP LC-MS to give 3-r4-(2-TR1fluoromethvl-biphenvl-4-vlsulfanvhnethvl)-benzvlaminol-propionic acid: *H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz) 8 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.60 (d, 1H), 7.55-7.38 (m, 7H), 7.28-7.21 (m, 3H), 4.33 (s, 2H), 4.18 (s, 2H)7 3.26 (t, 2H), 2.72 (t, 2H); MS (ES4): (446.1, M+l)+.


benzene
To a solution of 4-chloro-3-tR1fluoromethyl-benzaldehyde (2.1g, 10 mmol) in methanol (30 mL) at 0°C is added NaBR4(400 mg, 10.6 mmol). After 2 h, the reaction is quenched by the slow addition of H2O (20 mL), followed by aqueous HC1 (IN, 10 mL). The mixture is extracted with EtOAc (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers are washed with saturated aqueous NaCl, and dR1ed over Na2S04. After concentration, the crude product (4-chloro-3-tR1fluoromethyl-phenyl)-methanol is used directly in the next step without further puR1fication.
To a solution of crude (4-chloro-3-tR1fluoromethyl-phenyl)-methanol in DMF (anhydrous, 40 mL) at 0°C is added NaH (600 mg, 15 mmol). After stirR1ng for 30 min, 4-methoxy benzylbromide (2.21 g, 11 mmol) is added dropwise via syR1nge. After stirR1ng at room temperature for 3 h, the reaction is quenched by pouR1ng into a mixture of ice and saturated aqueous NH4CL The mixture is extracted with EtOAc (3 x 30 mL), and the combined organic layers are washed with saturated aqueous NaCl and dR1ed over Na2S04. After concentration, the crude product is puR1fied by silica gel chromatography (5% EtOAc in hexanes) to give l-cUoro-4-(4-methoxy-beirzyloxymethyl)-2-tR1fluoromethyl-benzene as a colorless oil.
To a mixture of l«chloro-4-(4-methoxy-benzyloxymetuyl)-2-tR1fluorome1hyl-benzene (1.5 g, 4.5 mmol) and cyclohexylzinc bromide THF solution (0.5 M, 27 mL) in NMP (30 mL) is added bis(tR1-t-butylphosphine)palladium(0) (I15mg, 0.225 mmol). The mixture is purged with N2 for 5 min, followed by heating at 120°C 12 h under N2. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction is quenched by the addition of H2O (100 mL) and aqueous HC1 (IN, 20 mL). The mixture is extracted with EtOAc (3 x 40 mL). The combined organic phases are washed with saturated aqueous NaHC03, saturated aqueous NaCl, and dR1ed over Na2S04. After concentration, the residue is puR1fied by silica gel chromatography (5% EtOAc in hexanes) to give l-cyclohexyl-4-(4-methoxy-benzyloxymethyl)-2-tR1fluoromethyl-benzene as a colorless oil.
The obtained l-cyclohexyl-4-(4-methoxy-benzyloxymethyl)-2-tR1fluoromethyl-benzene is dissolved in a mixture of TFA and DCM (8 mL, 1:1 v/v). After stirR1ng at room temperature for 2 h, all volatile mateR1als are evaporated and the residue obtained is dissolved in EtOAc and washed with saturated aqueous NaHC03. The organic layer is

separated, washed with saturated aqueous NaCl and dR1ed over Na2S04. After concentration, the residue is puR1fied by silica gel chromatography (20% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to give (4-cyclohexyl-3-tR1fluoromethyl-phenyl)-methanol as a colorless oil.
To a mixture of (4-cyclohexyl-3-tR1fluoromethyl-phenyl)-methanol (300 mg, 1.16 mmol) and PPh3 (460 mg, 1.74 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) at 0°C is added CBr4 (580 mg, 1.74 mmol) dissolved in DCM (2 mL). The reaction is stirred at 0°C for 1 h followed by concentration. The residue obtained is puR1fied by silica gel chromatography (5% EtOAc in hexanes) to give 4-bromomethyl-l-cvclohexyl-2-tR1fluoromethvl"benzene as a white solid.
Step 2: Synthesis of l-[4-(4-cvclohexvl-3-tR1fluoromethvl-benzvlsulfanvl)-benzvl1-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid
In a round bottom flask equipped with Dean-Stark apparatus, a mixture of 4-methylthio benzaldehyde (5 g, 32.8 mmol), propanediol (2.75 g, 36.1 mmol), and toluenesulfonic acid (550 mg, 3.28 mmol) in toluene (300 mL, anhydrous) is heated at reflux under N2. After 5 h, the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature, and washed with saturated aqueous NaHC03 (3 x 40 mL). The organic phase is concentrated and the obtained crude product is puR1fied by silica gel column chromatography (15% EtOAc in hexanes) to give 2-(4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-[l,3]dioxane as a yellow oil.
To a solution of 2-(4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-[l,3]dioxane (2 g, 9.5 mmol) in DCM1 (50 mL) at 0°C is added TW-CPBA (2.46g, 10.5 mmol). The mixture is stirred at 0°C for 1 h after which Ca(OH)2 (770 mg, 10.5 mmol.) is added. The reaction is stirred an additional 30 min, then the reaction mixture is diluted with DCM and filtered through celite. The filtrate is collected and concentrated to give 2-(4-methanesulfinyl-phenyl)-[l,3]dioxane as a white solid.
2-(4-Methanesulfinyl-phenyl)-[l,3]dioxane (400mg, 1.76 mmol) is dissolved in acetonitR1le (20 mL). 2,6-Lutidine (0.64 mL, 5.5 mmol) is added and the solution is cooled to -10°C. TFAA (0.75 mL, 5.3 mmol) is added dropwise via syR1nge. The reaction is stirred for 1 h at -10 to 0°C. All volatile mateR1als are evaporated while keeping the reaction mixture at 0°C, A mixture of MeOH and tR1ethyl amine (50 mL, 1:1 v/v) that has been pre-cooled to OoC is added. The resulting mixture is allowed to warm and stir at room temperature for 30 mk All volatile mateR1als are evaporated. The obtained residue is dissolved in diethyl ether

and washed with saturated aqueous NH4CI. The organic layer is separated, dR1ed over Na2S04, and concentrated to give crude 4-[l,3]dioxan-2-yl-benzenethiol as a yellow oil, which is used immediately in the next step without further puR1fication.
Crude 4-[l,3]dioxan-2-yl-benzenethiol (0.9 mmol) is dissolved in DMF (15 mL, anhydrous). The solution is cooled to 0°C followed by addition of NaH (76 mg, 1.8 mmol). After stirR1ng for 3 0 min, the 4-bromomethyl-1 -cyclohexyl-2-tR1fluoromefoyl-benzene prepared above (0.8 mmol) dissolved in DMF (2 mL) is added dropwise via syR1nge. The mixture is stirred for 1 h, then poured into a mixture of ice and saturated aqueous NH4CL The aqueous phase is extracted with diethyl ether (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers are washed with saturated aqueous NaCl, dR1ed over Na2SO4, and concentrated. The residue obtained is puR1fied by silica gel chromatography (10% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to give 2-[4-(4-cyclohexyl-3-tR1fluoromethyl-benzylsulfanyl)-phenyl]-[l,3]dioxane as white solid.
To a solution of 2-[4-(4-cyclohexyl-3-tR1fluoromethyl-benzylsulfanyl)-phenyl]-[l,3]dioxane (90 mg, 0.2 mmol) in THF (10 mL), is added aqueous HC1 (2N, 0.7 mL). The solution is stirred at room temperature for 4 h. The solution is diluted with diethyl ether (30 mL), and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCOa (3x10 mL). The organic layer is washed with saturated aqueous NaCl, dR1ed over Na2S04, and partially concentrated followed by dilution with MeOH (10 mL). To the resulting solution is added tR1ethyl amine (0.5 mL) and azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (46 mmol, 0.4 mmol). The resulting mixture is stirred at 50°C for 30 min. The reaction is cooled to room temperature and NaCNBH3 (63 mg, 1 mmol) is;; added. The resulting mixture is stirred for 30 min followed by concentration to dryness. The crude product is puR1fied by preparative RP LC-MS to give 1 ■f4-(4-cvclohexvl-3-tR1fluoromethvl'-ben2vlsulfanvl)-benzvl]-azetidine--3-carboxvlic acid as a colorless oil. lHNMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 5 7.55-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.52-7.35 (m, 5H), 4.39 (s, 2H), 4.35 (m, 4H), 4.17 (s, 2H), 3.68 (tt, 1H), 2.90 (tt, 1H), 1.87-1.75(m, 5H), 1.72-1.48 (m, 5H); MS (ES+): (464.2, M+l)+.


To a mixture of 4-amino-3-ethyl benzonitR1le (4g, 27.4 mmol) and CuBr2 (9.2 g, 41.1 mmol) in acetonitR1le (150 mL) is added isoamyl nitR1te (5.5 mL, 41.1 mmol) dropwise. After the addition is complete, the mixture is heated at 60°C for 4 h. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture is partially concentrated. Diethyl ether is added and the mixture is washed with saturated aqueous NH4CI. The organic layer is dR1ed over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue obtained is puR1fied by silica gel chromatography to give 4-bromo-3-ethyl benzonitR1le as a light brown oil.
A mixture of 4-bromo-3-ethyl benzonitR1le (1 g, 4.76 mmol), phenylboronic acid (1.16g, 9.5 mmol), K2C03 (1.97g, 14.3 mmol), and Pd(PPh3)4 (543mg, 0.48 mmol) in DMF (anhydrous, 15 mL) is heated in a sealed tube at 120°C for 12 h. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture is poured into a mixture of ice and saturated aqueous NH4CI. The mixture is extracted with EtOAc (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers are washed with saturated aqueous NaCl, dR1ed over Na2S04, and concentrated. The crude product obtained is puR1fied by silica gel chromatography (5% EtOAc in hexanes) to give 2-ethyl-biphenyl-4-carbonitR1le as a colorless oil.
To the solution of 2-ethyl-biphenyl-4-carbonitR1le (0.95g, 4.58 mmol) in ethanol (50 mL) is added solid KOH (2.56 g, 45.8 mmol). The resulting mixture is heated at reflux for 12 h. After cooling to room temperature, the solvent is evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. H2O (100 mL) is added and aqueous HC1 (2N) is slowly added until the pH is adjusted to ca. pH=l. The mixture is extracted with EtOAc (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers are washed with saturated aqueous NaCl, dR1ed over Na2S04, and

concentrated. The obtained crude 2-ethyl-biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid is dissolved in methanol (20 mL), Concentrated aqueous HC1 (5 mL) is added and the mixture is heated at reflux for 4 h. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue obtained is dissolved in diethyl ether and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (3 x 10 mL). The organic layer is separated and dR1ed over Na2S04, After concentration, the crude 2-ethyl-biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester is dissolved in THF (5 mL) and added dropwise to the mixture of LAH (200mg, 5.2 mmol) in THF (15 mL, anhydrous) at 0°C. After 1 h, the reaction is quenched by the slow addition of H2O, followed by the addition of aqueous HC1 (IN, 20 mL). The mixture is extracted with EtOAc (3 x 40 mL), The combined organic layers are washed with saturated aqueous NaHC033 saturated aqueous NaCl, and dR1ed over Na2S04. After concentration, the crude product is puR1fied by silica gel chromatography (20% EtOAc in hexanes) to give (2-ethyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-methanol as a colorless oil.
To a mixture of (2-ethyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-methanol (780 mg, 3.67 mmol) and PPh3 (1.44g, 5.5 mmol) in DCM (15 mL) at 0°C is added CBr4 (1.82 g, 5.5 mmol) in DCM (2 mL). The reaction is stirred at 0°C for 1 h followed by concentration. The residue obtained is puR1fied by silica gel chromatography (5% EtOAc in hexanes) to give 4-bromomethyl-2-ethyl-biphenyl as a colorless oil.






The cells are centR1fUged down, washed once with cold PBS, and resuspended in Solutions of test compounds ranging from lOmM to O.OlnM are prepared in DMSO. SIP is diluted in 4% BSA solution as positive controls. The desired amount of membrane prep is diluted with ice-cold assay buffer (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4,100 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.1% Fatty acid-free BSA, 5 pM GDP) and vortexed well. 2 \xl or less of compound is distR1buted into each well of a round-bottom 96-well polystyrene assay plate, followed by addition of 100 \x\ of diluted membranes (3-10 jig/well) and kept on ice until the addition of hot GTPyS. [35S]-GTPyS is diluted 1:1000 (v/v) with cold assay buffer and 100 \xl is added into each well The reaction is carR1ed out at room temperature for 90 minutes before the membranes are harvested onto Perkin-Elmer Unifilter® GF/B-96 filter plate using a Packard Filtermate Harvester. After several washes with wash buffer (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4,100 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl2), and a R1nse with 95% ethanol, the filter is dR1ed in a 37°C oven for 30 minutes. MicroScint-20 is added and the plate sealed for scintillation counting on TopCount. EC50 values are obtained by fitting the GTP [y-35S] binding curves (raw data) with the dose response curve-fitting tool of GraphPad PR1sm. Six or twelve different concentrations are used to generate a concentration response curve (using three data points per concentration).
EDG-3,-5,-6 and -8 GTP [y- S] binding assays are carR1ed out in a comparable manner to the EDG-1 GTP [y- S] binding assay using membranes from CHO cells stably expressing c-terminal c-myc tagged or untagged receptors. For each membrane preparation, titration expeR1ments are first run with SIP control to determine the optimal amount of membranes to be added per assay well. Compounds of the invention were tested according to

the above assay and were observed to exhibit selectivity for the EDG-1 receptor. For example, compound 9 has an EC50 of 0.82 nM in the above assay and is at least 1000 fold selective for EDG-1 compared to one or more of the other receptors including EDG-3, EDG-5,EDG-6andEDG-8.
B. In vitro: FLIPR calcium flux assay
Compounds of the invention are tested for agonist activity on EDG-1, EDG-3, EDG-5, and EDG-6 with a FLIPR calcium flux assay. BR1efly, CHO cells expressing an EDG receptor are maintained in F-12K medium (ATCC), containing 5% FBS, with 500ug/ml of G418. PR1or to the assay, the cells are plated in 384 black clear bottom plates at the density of 10,000 cells/well/25(il jn the medium of F-12K containing 1% FBS. The second day, the cells are washed three times (25 ^1/each) with washing buffer. About 25 pi of dye are added to each well and incubated for 1 hour at 37°C and 5% CO2. The cells are then washed four times with washing buffer (25 jxl/each). The calcium flux is assayed after adding 25 \xl of SEQ2871 solution to each well of cells. The same assay is performed with cells expressing each of the different EDG receptors. Titration in the FLIPR calcium flux assay is recorded over a 3-minute interval, and quantitated as maximal peak height percentage response relative to EDG-1 activation.
C. In vivo: Screening Assays for measurement of blood lymphocyte depletion and
assessment of heart effect
Measurement of circulating lymphocytes: Compounds are dissolved in DMSO and diluted to obtain a final concentration of 4% DMSO (v/v, final concentration) and then further diluted in a constant volume of Tween80 25%/H20, v/v. Tween80 25%/H20 (200 |il), 4% DMSO, and FTY720 (10(ig) are included as negative and positive controls, respectively. Rats (C57bl/6 male, 6-10 week-old) are administered 250-300 |aL of compound solution orally by gavages under short isoflurane anesthesia.
Blood is collected from the retro-orbital sinus 6 and 24 hours after drug administration under short isoflurane anesthesia. Whole blood samples are subjected to hematology analysis. PeR1pheral lymphocyte counts are determined using an automated analyzer. Subpopulations of peR1pheral blood lymphocytes are stained by fluorochrome-conjugated specific antibodies and analyzed using a fluorescent activating cell sorter

(Facscalibur). Two rats are used to assess the lymphocyte depletion activity of each compound screened. The result is an EDso, which is defined as the effective dose required displaying 50 % of blood lymphocyte depletion. Compounds of the invention were tested according to the above assay and were preferably found to exhibit an ED50 of less than lmg/kg, more preferably an ED50 of less than 0.5 mg/kg. For example, compound 9 exhibits an ED50 of Assessment of Heart Effect: The effects of compounds on cardiac function are monitored using the AnonyMOUSE ECG screening system. Electrocardiograms are recorded in conscious rats (C57bl/6 male, 6-10 week-old) before and after compound administration. ECG signals are then processed and analyzed using the e-MOUSE software. 90 jag of compound further diluted in 200p,l water, 15% DMSO are injected IP. Four rats are used to assess the heart effect of each compound.
D: In vivo: Anti-angiogenic Activity
Porous chambers containing (i) sphingosine-1-phosphate (5 pM/chamber) or (ii) human VEGF (1 jig/chamber) in 0.5 ml of 0.8% w/v agar (containing hepaR1n, 20 U/ml) are implanted subcutaneously in the flank of rats. SIP or VEGF induces the growth of vasculaR1zed tissue around the chamber. This response is dose-dependent and can be quantified by measuR1ng the weight and blood content of the tissue. Rats are treated once a day orally or intravenously with a compound of Formula I starting 4-6 hours before implantation of the chambers and continuing for 4 days. The animals are sacR1ficed for measurement of the vasculaR1zed tissues 24 hours after the last dose. The weight and blood content of the vasculaR1zed tissues around the chamber is determined. Animals treated with a compound of Formula I show reduced weight and/or blood content of the vasculaR1zed tissues compared to animals treated with vehicle alone. Compounds of Formula I are anti-angiogenic when administered at a dose of about 0.3 to about 3mg/kg.
E: In vitro: Antitumor Activity
A mouse breast cancer cell line oR1ginally isolated from mammary carcinomas is used, e.g. JygMC(A). The cell number is adjusted to 5xl05 for plating in fresh medium before the procedure. Cells are incubated with fresh medium containing 2.5mM of thymidine

without FCS for 12 hours and then washed twice with PBS, followed by addition of fresh medium with 10% FCS and additionally incubated for another 12 hours. Thereafter the cells are incubated with fresh medium containing 2.5mM of thymidine without FCS for 12 hours. To release the cells from the block, the cells are washed twice with PBS and replated in fresh medium with 10% FCS. After synchronization, the cells are incubated with or without vaR1ous concentrations of a compound of Formula I for 3, 6, 9,12,18 or 24 hours. The cells are harvested after treatment with 0.2% EDTA, fixed with ice-cold 70% ethanol solution, hydrolyzed with 250|ig/ml of RNaseA (type 1-A: Sigma Chem. Co.) at 37°C for 30 minutes and stained with propidium iodide at lOmg/ml for 20 minutes. After the incubation peR1od, the number of cells is determined both by counting cells in a Coulter counter and by the SRB coloR1metR1c assay. Under these conditions compounds of Formula I inhibit the proliferation of the tumor cells at concentrations ranging from 10 to 10 M.
It is understood that the examples and embodiments descR1bed herein are for illustrative purposes only and that vaR1ous modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spiR1t and understanding of this application and scope of the appended claims. All publications, patents, and patent applications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.




WE CLAIM
1. A compound selected from Formula I:

P(0)(Rs)OR5 and lif-tetrazol-5-yl; wherein each R5 is independently chosen from hydrogen and Chalky!;


wherein the left and R1ght asteR1sks of Z indicate the point of attachment between -C(R3)(R4)- and A of Formula I, respectively; R6 is chosen from hydrogen and C1-C6alkyl; and Ji and J2 are independently methylene or a heteroatom chosen from S, O and NR5; wherein R5 is chosen from hydrogen and C1-C6alkyl;
R1 is chosen from C6-C10aryl and C2-9heteroaryl; wherein any aryl or heteroaryl of R1 is optionally substituted by a radical chosen from halo, C6-C10arylCo-4alkyl, C2-9heteroarylCo-4alkyl, C3-8cycloalkylCo-4alkyl, C3-8heterocycloalkylCo-4alkyl or C1-C6alkyl; wherein any aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group of R1 can be optionally substituted by one to five radicals chosen from halo, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6-ealkoxy, halo-substituted-C1-C6alkyl and halo-substituted-C1-C6alkoxy, and any alkyl group of R1 can optionally have a methylene replaced by an atom or group chosen from -S-, -S(O)-, -S(0)2-, -NR5- and -O-; wherein R5 is chosen from hydrogen or C1-C6alkyl;
R2 is chosen from C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, Cs-ncycloalkylC0-4alkyl, halo, halo-substituted-C1-C6alkyl and halo-substituted-C^alkoxy;
R3 and R4 are independently chosen from hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, halo, hydroxy, Ci-6alkoxy, halo-substituted C^alkyl and halo-substituted C1-C6alkoxy; and the pharmaceutical^ acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, isomers and prodrugs thereof.
2. The compound of claim 1 in which R1 is phenyl, naphthyl, furanyl or thienyl optionally substituted by halo, C6-C10aiylC0-4alkyl, C2-9heteroarylCo-4alkyl, C3-8cycloalkylCo-4alkyl, C3-8heterocycloalkylC0-4alkyl or C1-C6alkyl; wherein any aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group of R1 can be optionally substituted by one to five radicals chosen from halo, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, halo-substituted-C1-C6-ealkyl and halo-substituted-C1-C6alkoxy; and any alkyl group of Rl can optionally have a methylene replaced by an atom or group chosen from -S-, -S(O)-, -S(0)2-, -NR5- and -O-; wherein R5 is hydrogen or Ci-6alkyl.


wherein the asteR1sk is the point of attachment of R1 with X2; Rs is halo, C6-loarylC0-4alkyl, C2-9heteroarylCo-4alkyl, C3-8cycloalkylCo-4alkyl, C3-8heterocycloalkylC0-4alkyl or C1-C6alkyl; wherein any aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group of Rg can be optionally substituted by one to three radicals chosen from halo, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6. ealkoxy, halo-substituted-C1-C6alkyl and halo-substituted-C1-C6alkoxy; and any alkyl group of Rg can optionally have a methylene replaced by an atom or group chosen from -S-, -S(O)-, -S(0)2- -NR5- and -0-; wherein R5 is hydrogen or C1-C6alkyl; and R9 is chosen from halo, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, halo-substituted-C1-C6alkyI and halo-substituted-Ci-6alkoxy.



9, A method for treating a disease in an animal in which alteration of
EDG/S1P receptor mediated signal transduction can prevent, inhibit or ameliorate the
pathology and/or symptomology of the disease, which method compR1ses administeR1ng to
the animal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 1.
10. A method for preventing or treating disorders or diseases mediated by
lymphocytes, for preventing or treating acute or chronic transplant rejection or T-cell
mediated inflammatory or autoimmune diseases, for inhibiting or controlling deregulated

angiogenesis, or for preventing or treating diseases mediated by a neo-angiogenesis process or associated with deregulated angiogenesis in a subject compR1sing administeR1ng to the subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of claims 1, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
11. The use of a compound of claim 1 in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease in an animal in which alteration of EDG/S1P receptor mediated signal transduction contR1butes to the pathology and/or symptomology of the disease.


Documents:

3054-chenp-2005 complete specification as granted.pdf

3054-chenp-2005-abstract.pdf

3054-chenp-2005-assignement.pdf

3054-chenp-2005-claims.pdf

3054-chenp-2005-correspondnece-others.pdf

3054-chenp-2005-description(complete).pdf

3054-chenp-2005-form 1.pdf

3054-chenp-2005-form 18.pdf

3054-chenp-2005-form 3.pdf

3054-chenp-2005-form 5.pdf

3054-chenp-2005-pct.pdf


Patent Number 234288
Indian Patent Application Number 3054/CHENP/2005
PG Journal Number 24/2009
Publication Date 12-Jun-2009
Grant Date 18-May-2009
Date of Filing 18-Nov-2005
Name of Patentee IRM LLC
Applicant Address HURST HOLME, 12 TROTT ROAD, HAMILTON 11,
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 MARSILJE, THOMAS, H 1844 NARRAGANSETT COURT, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128,
2 GRAY, NATHANAEL, S 5652 LAMAS STREET, SAN DIEGO, CA 92122,
3 JIANG, TAO 10721 CALLE MAR DE MARIPOSA, SAN DIEGO, CA 92130,
4 LU, WENSHUO 7594 WALLINGFORD COURT, SAN DIEGO, CA 92126,
5 PAN, SHIFENG 13880 KERRY LANE, SAN DIEGO, CA 92130,
PCT International Classification Number A61K 31/195
PCT International Application Number PCT/US04/15701
PCT International Filing date 2004-05-19
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 60/471,931 2003-05-19 U.S.A.