Title of Invention

NON-YELOWING ORTHO-DIALKYI, ARYL, SUBSTITUTED TRIAZINE ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT ABSORBERS

Abstract The invention relates generally to pyrimidines and triazines ultraviolet light abosrbers containing a phenolic aromatic groups(s) and a non-phenolic aromatic groups(s) and the use thereof to protect agains degradation by environmental forces, inclusive of ultraviolet light, actinic radiation, oxiddation, moisture, atmospheric pollutants, and combinations thereof. The new class ofpyrimidines and triazines includes two (one) non-phenlic aromatic groups with hydrocarbyl groups that are ortho to each other and one (two) resorcinol or substituted resorcinol group attached to a triazine or pyrimidine ring. The pyrimidines and triazines may be included in a polymeric structure. A method for stabiling a material by incorporating the novel pyrimidines and triazines is also disclosed.
Full Text NON-YELLOWING ORTHO-DIALKYL ARYL SUBSTITUTED TRIAZINE
ULTRA VIOLET LIGHT ABSORBERS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates generally to novel pyrimidines and triazines ultraviolet
light absorbers containing a phenolic aromatic group(s) and a non-phenolic aromatic
group(s), wherein the non-phenolic aromatic group(s) are substituted with hydrocarbyl
groups that are ortho to each other, and their use as protectants against degradation by
environmental forces, including ultraviolet light, actinic radiation, oxygen, moisture,
atmospheric pollutants, and combinations thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Exposure to sunlight and other sources of ultraviolet radiation is known to
cause degradation of a variety of materials, especially polymeric materials. For example,
polymeric materials such as plastics often discolor and may become brittle as a result of
exposure to ultraviolet light. Accordingly, a large body of art has been developed directed
towards materials such as ultraviolet light absorbers and stabilizers that are capable of
inhibiting such degradation.
A class of materials known to be ultraviolet light absorbers are
o-hydroxyphenyltriazines, in which at least one substituent on the 1, 3, or 5 carbon of the
triazine ring is a phenyl group with a hydroxyl group ortho to the point of attachment to the
triazine ring. In general this class of materials is well known in the art.
For example, United States Patent No. 3,843,371 discloses
hydroxyphenyltriazines for use in photographic materials.
United States Patent No. 3,896,125 discloses hydrbxyphenyl triazines light
stabilizers for organic polymeric substrates.
The use of hydroxyphenyltriazines alone or in combination with other light
stabilizers such as hydroxyphenylbenzotriazoles, benzophenones, oxanilides,
cyanoacrylates, salicylates, and hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS), for the
stabilization of polymers is also well known. For example, United States Patent Nos.
4,853,471, 4,921,966, 4,973,701, and 4,973,702 disclose such combinations.

Typically, the aforementioned aryl ring with the hydroxyl group ortho to the
point of attachment to the triazine ring is based on resorcinol and, consequently, this aryl
ring also contains a second substituent (either a hydroxyl group or a derivative thereof)
para to the point of attachment to the triazine ring. For example, United states Patents No.
3,118,837 and 3,244,708 disclose p-alkoxy-o-hydroxyphenyl triazines with improved UV
protection.
This para- substituent can be "non-reactive," as in the case of an alkyloxy
group, or "reactive" as in the case of a hydroxyalkyloxy (active hydrogen reactive site) or
(meth)acryloyl (ethylenic unsaturation reactive site) group. For the purposes of the present
invention, the former are referred to as "non-bondable" triazines and the latter are referred
to as "bondable" triazines.
Low volatility is an important characteristic of stabilizers used in any
applications where high temperatures are encountered. High temperatures are used in the
processing of thermoplastics and in the curing of thermoset resins and coatings. High
temperatures are also often present in the end-use applications of the stabilized material.
Low volatility will prevent loss of the stabilizer during processing, curing, and high
temperature end-uses, Besides reducing losses of stabilizer during processing or curing,
low volatility will minimize processing problems such as die lip build-up and plate-out.
Many polymer additives (such as ultraviolet light stabilizers) migrate out of
the polymer substrate to be protected, or are adsorbed (chemically or physically) by one or
more systems components (such as pigments), thereby diminishing their effectiveness.
Suc.h migration and adsorption problems are examples of the general problems of lack of
solubility and compatibility found for many commercial polymer additives.
Bondable triazines are well known in the art. For example, United States
Patent Nos, 3,423,360,4,962,142, and 5,189,084 disclose various bondable triazines and
the incorporation of these compounds into polymers by chemical bonding. Bondable
stabilizers have a potential advantage in that, depending on the bondable functionality and
the particular polymer system to be stabilized, they can be chemically incorporated into a
polymer structure via reaction of the bondable functionality either during polymer
formation (such as in the case of polymerizing monomers or a crosslinking polymer
system) or subsequently with a preformed polymer having appropriate reactive

functionality. Accordingly, due to such bonding, migration of these UV absorbers between
layers of multi-layer coatings and into polymer substrates is greatly reduced.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention is directed to novel compounds that are pyrimidine and
triazine ultraviolet light absorbers. In one embodiment the compounds of the invention
have formula (II)
wherein each Z is independently nitrogen or methine, and at least two Z are nitrogen, to
form a triazine or pyrimidine ring;
X is independently selected from hydrogen and a blocking group;
C is either
each of L is independently a
hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, -SO2(hydrocarbyl), -SO3(hydrocarbyl),
-SO2(functional hydrocarbyl), -SO3(functional hydrocarbyl),
-COO(hydrocarbyl), -COO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CO(hydrocarbyl),
-CO(functional hydrocarbyl), -OCO(hydrocarbyl), -OCO(functional
hydrocarbyl), -CONH2, -CONH(hydrocarbyl), -CONH(functional
hydrocarbyl), -CON (hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional

hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(functional
hydrocarbyl), or a hydrocarbyl group substituted by any of the above groups;
each of R3 and R4 are independently a
hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, -O(hydrocarbyl),
O(functional hydrocarbyl), -N(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -
N(hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl), -N(functional
hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl), -S(hydrocarbyl), -S(functional
hydrocarbyl), -SO2(hydrocarbyl), -SO3(hydrocarbyl), -SO2(functional
hydrocarbyl), -SO3(functional hydrocarbyl), -COO(hydrocarbyl),
-COO(functional hydrocarbyl), CO(hydrocarbyl), -CO(functionaI
hydrocarbyl), -OCO(hydrocarbyI), -OCO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CONH2,
-CONH(hydrocarbyl), -CONH(functional hydrocarbyl), -CON
(hydrocarbylXhydrocarbyl), -CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -
CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl), or a hydrocarbyl
group substituted by any of the above groups; and
each R1 and R2 is identical or different and is independently a hydrocarbyl group of
between 1 and 20 carbons, wherein R1 and R2 are attached to an aromatic
benzene ring so that they are ortho to each other.
In one embodiment of the compound of fdrmula (II), L is selected from the
group consisting of:
hydrogen;
an alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more hydroxyl,
alkoxy, carboxy, carboalkoxy, amino, amido, carbamate, or epoxy groups,
and which may contain one or more carbonyl groups, oxygen atoms or
nitrogen atoms in the chain;
an alkenyl of 2 to 24 carbon atoms optionally substituted by hydroxyl, alkoxy,
carboxy, carboalkoxy, amino, amido, carbamato, or epoxy groups and which
may contain one or more carbonyl groups, oxygen atoms or nitrogen atoms
in the chain or attached to the chain;
a cycloalkyl of 5 to 24 carbon atoms optionally substituted by hydroxyl, carboxyl,
or amino groups and optionally containing carbonyl, oxygen, or nitrogen in
the ring; an aralkyl of 7 to 24 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or

more hydroxyl, alkoxy, chloro, cyano, carboxy, carboalkoxy, amino, amido,
carbamato, or epoxy groups and may contain one or more carbonyl groups,
oxygen atoms or nitrogen atoms in the ring;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XII
-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-Dl (XII)
wherein D, is hydrogen,

-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-OH, or R25;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XIII
-CO-(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-D2 (XIII)
wherein D2 is -(CH2)u-CO-R22 or R25;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XIV
-YY-O-CO-(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-D3 (XIV)
wherein D3 is -(CH2)u-CO-R22 or R25;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XV
KCH2)kk-CH(R21)-CO-B1-(CmH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn-B1-D4 (XV)
wherein D4 is hydrogen of R25;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XVI
-CO-CH2-CH2-NH-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn-D5 (XVI)
wherein D5 is -NH2, -NH-(CH2)2-COO-R23 or -Q-R25;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XVII
-YY-O-CO-CH2-CH2-NH-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn-D5 (XVII)
wherein D5 is as defined under formula (XVI);
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XVIII
-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CmH2nn-D6 (XVIII)
wherein D6 is -NH-CO-R24, -OR25, OH or H;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XIX
(XIX)

wherein D7 is -OR25, -NHCOR24 or -OCH2CH2OR25:
R21 is hydrogen or C1-Cl6 alkyl;
R17 is C2,-C10 alkylene, phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene,
methylenediphenylene, or C4-C15 alkylphenylene;
R2' is hydrogen or C1-C16 alkyl;
R22 is halogen or -O-R23;
R23 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl, aryl, or
aryl-C1-C4-alkyl;
R24 is hydrogen, C1-C12 alkyl or aryl;
R25 is C1-C16 alkyl, C5-Cl2 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl,
C1-C12 alkylaryl or aryl-C1-C4 alkyl;
YY is unsubstituted or substituted C1-C20 alkyl;
B1 is HN or O;
kk is zero or an integer from 1-16;
mm is an integer from 2 to 60;
nn is an integer from 2 to 6;
u is an integer from 1 to 4.
In another embodiment of the compound of formula (II), Lis an alkyl chain
of between 1 and 20 carbons optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, having
one or more of the hydrogens in the alkyl chain substituted for by a hydroxyl group, or
terminating with a carbonyl functionality of general structure -CO-M, wherein M is a ORx,
NRxRy wherein Rx and Ry are independently hydrogen or an alkyl group of between 1 and 8
carbons that optionally have one or more of the hydrogens substituted for by a hydroxyl
group.
In the compound of formula (II) R3 and R4 may be independently selected
from hydrogen, and an alkyl of 1 to 8 carbons atoms wherein one or more of the hydrogens
in the alkyl chain may optionally be substituted with an the nitrogen of an amine.
In the compound of formula (II) R1 and R2 may be individually a C1 to C10
straight chain alkyl, branched alkyl, or cycloalkyl and R1 and R2 may be attached to the
aromatic benzene ring at the 3 and 4 position relative to the point of attachment of the
triazine ring or they may be attached to the aromatic benzene ring at the 2 and 3 position
relative to the point of attachment of the triazine ring.

In the compound of formula (II) each Z may be a nitrogen
In one embodiment of the compound of formula II each Z is a nitrogen and
C is
In this embodiment when C is

each R1 and R2 may be methyl groups.
In another embodiment of the compound of formula (II) each Z is nitrogen;
X is hydrogen; C is
each R, and R2 is individually a C1 to C10 straight chain alkyl, branched alkyl, or cycloalkyl;
L is alkyl chain of between 1 and 20 carbons, wherein the alkyl chain is optionally
interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, has one or more of-hydrogens in the alkyl chain
substituted for by a hydroxyl group, or terminates with a carbonyl functionality of general
structure -CO-M, wherein M is a ORx NRxRy wherein Rx and Ry are independently
hydrogen or an alkyl group of between 1 and 8 carbons that optionally has one or more of
the hydrogens substituted for by a hydroxyl group; and R3 and R4 are each hydrogen.
In another embodiment the compound of the invention has the formula (III):


wherein each Z is independently nitrogen or methine, and at least two Z are nitrogen, to
produce a triazine or pyrimidine ring;
X is independently selected from hydrogen and a blocking group;
C is either

r is an integer between 2 and 4;
each of L is independently a
hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, -SO2(hydrocarbyl), -SO3(hydrocarbyl),
-SO2(functional hydrocarbyl), -SO3(functional hydrocarbyl),
-COO(hydrocarbyl), -COO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CO(hydrocarbyl),
-CO(functional hydrocarbyl), -OCO(hydrocarbyl), -OCO(functional
hydrocarbyl), -CONH2, -CONH(hydrocarbyl), -CONH(functional
hydrocarbyl), -CON (hydrocarbylXhydrocarbyl), -CON(functional
hydrocarbylXhydrocarbyl), -CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(functional
hydrocarbyl), pr a hydrocarbyl group substituted by any of the above groups;
each of R3 and R4 are independently a
hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, -O(hydrocarbyl),
-O(functional hydrocarbyl), -N(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -
N(hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl),-N(functional
hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl), -S(hydrocarbyl), -S(functional
hydrocarbyl), -SO2(hydrocarbyl), SO3(hydrocarbyl), -SO2(functional
hydrocarbyl), -SO3(functional hydrocarbyl), -COO(hydrocarbyl),
-COO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CO(hydrocarbyl), -CO(functional
hydrocarbyl), -OCO(hydrocarbyl), -OCO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CONH2,
-CONH(hydrocarbyl), -CONH(functional hydrocarbyl), -CON
(hydrocarbylXhydrocarbyl), -CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl). -
CON (functional hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl), or a hydrocarbyl
group substituted by any of the above groups;

each R1 and R2 is identical or different and is independently a hydrocarbyl group of
between 1 and 20 carbons, wherein R1 and R2 are attached to an aromatic
benzene ring so that they are ortho to each other;
D, when r is 2, is selected from the group consisting of C1-C16 alkylenc, C4-C12
alkenylene, xylylene, C4-C20 alkylene which is interrupted by one or more
oxygen atoms, hydroxy-substituted C3-C20 alkyl which is interrupted by one
or more oxygen atoms, —CH2CH(OH)CH2O—R15—OCH2CH(OH)CH2-,
—CO—R16—CO— —CO—NH—R17—NH—CO—,
—(CH2)s- COO—R18—OCO—(CH2)s—
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XX
-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-(CH,-(CH2)u-O-)mm-CH2-CH(OH)
-CH2- 32(XX).
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXI
-CO-(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-(CH2)u-CO- (XXI),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXII
-YY-O-CO(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-(CH2)u-
COO-YY- (XXII).
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXIII
-(CH2)kk-CH(R21)-CO-B1-(CnnH2nn-O-)mmCnnH2nn-B1-
CO-CH(R2,)-(CH2)kk- (XXIII),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXIV
.COCH(R21)CH2NH(CnnH2nnO)mraCnnH2nn-NHCH2-CH(R2,)CO- (XXIV)
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXV
-YY-O-CO-(CH2)2 NH-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn-NH-
(CH2)2COO-YY- (XXV),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXVI
-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn- (XXVI),
and a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXVII
-CH(CH3)-CH2-(O-CH(CH3)-CH2)a-(O-CH2-CH2)b-(O-CH2-
CH(CH3)c- (XXVII),
wherein a 1- c = 2.5 and b = 8.5 to 40.5 or a 4- c = 2 to 33 and b = 0,

R15 is C2-C10 alkylene, C2-C10 oxaalkylene or C2-C10 dithiaalkylene,
phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene, or C1-C6 alkenylene, or
phenylene-XX-phenylene wherein XX is —O—, —S—.
—SO2—, —CH2—, or —C(CH3)2—;
R16 is C2-C10 alkylene, C2-C10 oxaalkylene or C2-C10 dithiaalkylene,
phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene
provided that when r is 3 the alkenylene has at least 3
carbons;
R17 is C2-C10 alkylene, phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene,
or C2-C6 alkenylene, methylenediphenylene, or C4-C15
alkylphenylene; and
R'8 is C2-C10 alkylene, or C4-C20 alkylene interrupted by one or more
oxygen atoms;
R21 is hydrogen or C1-C16 alkyl;
YY is unsubstituted or substituted C2-C20 alkyl;
B, is NH or O;
kk is zero or an integer from 1-16;
mm is an integer from 2 to 60;
nn is an integer from 2 to 6;
s is 1-6;
u is an integer from 1 to 4;

wherein R19 is C3-C10 alkanetriyl and R20 is C4-C10 alkanetetryl.
In one embodiment of the compound of formula (III), r is 2 and D is an alkyl
chain of between 1 and 10 carbons or -CO-P-CO-, wherein P is an alkyl chain of between 1
and 10 carbons or a benzene ring wherein the carbonyl groups are meta or para to each

other. In this embodiment R3 and R4 may be independently selected from hydrogen, and an
alkyl of 1 to 8 carbons atoms wherein one or more of the hydrogens in the alkyl chain may
optionally be substituted with the nitrogen of an amine. R1 and R2 may also be individually
a C1 to Cl0 straight chain alkyl, branched alkyl, or cycloalkyl and R1 and R2 can be attached
to the aromatic benzene ring at the 3 and 4 position relative to the point of attachment of
the triazine ring or may be attached to the aromatic benzene ring at the 2 and 3 position
relative to the point of attachment of the triazine ring. Each Z may be a nitrogen and C
may be

each R1 and R2 may be methyl groups.
In another embodiment of the compound of formula (III) each Z is nitrogen;
X is hydrogen; C is
each R1 and R2 is individually a C1 to C10 straight chain alkyl, branched alkyl, or cycloalkyl;
and R3 and R4 are each hydrogen.
In another embodiment the compound of the invention has the formula (IV):

- 11 -

wherein each Z is independently nitrogen or methine, and at least two Z are nitrogen, to
produce a triazine or pyrimidine ring;
C is either

wherein X is selected from hydrogen and a blocking group;
r is an integer between 2 and 4;
each of L is independently a
hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, -SO2(hydrocarbyl), -SO3(hydrocarbyl),
-SO2(functional hydrocarbyl), -SO3(functional hydrocarbyl),
-COO(hydrocarbyl), -COO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CO(hydrocarbyl),
-CO(functional hydrocarbyl), -OCO(hydrocarbyl), -OCO(functional
hydrocarbyl), -CONH2, -CONH(hydrocarbyl), -CONH(functional
hydrocarbyl), -CON (hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional
hydrocarbylXhydrocarbyl),-CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(functional
hydrocarbyl), or a hydrocarbyl group substituted by any of the above groups;
each of R3 and R4 are independently a
hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, O(hydrocarbyl),
-O(functional hydrocarbyl), -N(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -
N(hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl),-N(functional
hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl), -S(hydrocarbyl), -S(functional
hydrocarbyl), -SO2(hydrocarbyl), -SO3(hydrocarbyl), -SO2(functional
hydrocarbyl),-SO3(functional hydrocarbyl),-COO(hydrocarbyl),
-COO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CO(hydrocarbyl), -CO(functional
hydrocarbyl), OCO(hydrocarbyl), -OCO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CONH2,
-CONH(hydrocarbyl), -CONH(functional hydrocarbyl), -CON
(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -
CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl), or a hydrocarbyl
group substituted by any of the above groups;

each R1 and R2 is identical or different and is independently a hydrocarbyl group of
between 1 and 20 carbons, wherein R1 and R2 are attached to an aromatic
benzene ring so that they are ortho to each other;
X' when r is 2, is selected from the group consisting of C1-C16 alkylene, C4-C12
alkenylene, xylylene, C4-C20 alkylene which is interrupted by one or more
oxygen atoms, hydroxy-substituted C3-C20 alkyl which is interrupted by one
or more oxygen atoms, —CH2CH(OH)CH2O—R15—OCH2CH(OH)CH2-,
—CO—R16—CO—, —CO—NH—R17—NH—CO—,
—(CH2) — COO—R18—OCO—(CH2)s-
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XX
-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mn,-CH2-
CH(OH)-CH2- (XX),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXI
-CO-(CH2)u-O-(CH2-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm(-CH2)u-CO- (XXI),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXII
-YY-O-CO(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH,)u-O-)mm-(CH2)u
-COO-YY- (XXII),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXIII
-(CH2)kk--CH(R21)-CO-B1-(Cnn H2nn -O-)mm CnnH2nn-
B1-CO-CH(R21)-(CH2)kk- (XXIII),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXIV
-CC)CH(R21)CH2NH(CnnH2nnO)mmCnnH2lnn-NHCH2-CH(R2l)CO-(XXrV)
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXV
-YY-O-CO-(CH2)2-NH-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn-NH-
(CH2)2COO-YY- (XXV),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXVI
-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn- (XXVI),
and a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXVII
-CH(CH3)-CIl2-(O-CH(CH3)-CH2)a-(O-CH2-CH2)b-(O-CH2-
CH(CH3)C- (XXVII),
wherein a + c = 2.5 and b = 8.5 to 40.5 or a + c = 2 to 33 and b - 0,

R15 is C2-C10 alkylene, C2-C10 oxaalkylene or C1-C10 dithiaalkylene,
phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene, or
phenylene-XX-phenylene wherein XX is —O—, —S—,
—SO2—, —CH2—, or —C(CH3)2—;
R16 is C2-C10 alkylene, C2-C10 oxaalkylene or C2-C10 dithiaalkylene,
phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene
provided that when r is 3 the alkenylene has at least 3
carbons;
R17 is C2-C10 alkylene. phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene,
or C2-C6 alkenylene, methylenediphenylene, or C4-C15
alkylphenylene; and
R18 is C2-C10 alkylene, or C4-C20 alkylene interrupted by one or more
oxygen atoms;
R21 is hydrogen or C1-C16 alkyl;
YY is unsubstituted or substituted C2-C20 alkyl;
B1 is NH or O;
kk is zero or an integer from 1-16;
mm is an integer from 2 to 60;
nn is an integer from 2 to 6;
s is 1-6;
u is an integer from 1 to 4;

wherein R19 is C3-C10 alkanetriyl and R20 is C4-C10 alkanetetryl.
In one embodiment of the compound of formula (IV) r is 2 and X' is an
alkyl chain of between 1 and 10 carbons or -CO-P-CO-, wherein P is an alkyl chain of
between 1 and 10 carbons or a benzene ring wherein the carbonyl groups are meta or para

to each other. In this embodiment R3 and R4 may be independently selected from
hydrogen, and an alkyl of 1 to 8 carbons atoms wherein one or more of the hydrogens in
the alkyl chain may optionally be substituted with an the nitrogen of an amine. In this
embodiment L may be an alkyl chain of between 1 and 20 carbons, wherein the alkyl chain
is optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, has one or more of the hydrogens in
the alkyl chain substituted for by a hydroxyl group, or terminates with a carbonyl
functionality of general structure -CO-M, wherein M is a ORx or NRxRy, wherein Rx and
Ry are independently hydrogen or an alkyl group of between 1 and 8 carbons that optionally
may have one or more of the hydrogens substituted for by a hydroxyl group. In this
embodiment R1 and R2 may be individually a C1 to Cl0 straight chain alkyl, branched alkyl,
or cycloalkyl and R1 and R2 may be attached to the aromatic benzene ring at the 3 and 4
position relative to the point of attachment of the triazine ring or attached to the aromatic
benzene ring at the 2 and 3 position relative to the point of attachment of the triazine ring.
In this embodiment each Z may be a nitrogen and C may be

each Rl and R2 may be methyl groups.
In anothor embodiment of the compound of formula (IV) each Z is nitrogen;
X is hydrogen C is
each R1 and R2 is individually a C1 to C10 straight chain alkyl, branched alkyl, or cyclozlkyl
and R3 and R4 are each hydrogen.

In yet another embodiment, the compound of the invention has the formula
(V)

wherein each Z is independently nitrogen or methine, and at least two Z are nitrogen, to
form a triazine or pyrimidine ring;
X is independently selected from hydrogen and a blocking group;
C is
r is 2;
L is independently a
hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, -SO2(hydrocarbyl); -SO3(hydrocarbyl);
-SO2(functional hydrocarbyl), -SO3(functional hydrocarbyl),
-COO(hydrocarbyl), -COO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CO(hydrocarbyl),
-CO(functional hydrocarbyl)-OCO(hydrocarbyl), -OCO(functional
hydrocarbyl), -CONH2, -CONH(hydrocarbyl), -CONH(functional
hydrocarbyl), -CON (hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional
hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(functional
hydrocarbyl), or a hydrocarbyl group substituted by any of the above groups;
R3 is independently a
hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, halogen, hydroxy], cyano, -O(hydrocarbyl),
-O(functional hydrocarbyl), -N(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -

N(hydrocarbyl)(fimctional hydrocarbyl), -N(functional
hydrocarbylXfonctional hydrocarbyl), -S(hydrocarbyl), -S(functional
hydrocarbyl), -SO2(hydrocarbyl), -SO3(hydrocarbyl), -SO,( functional
hydrocarbyl), -SO,(functional hydrocarbyl), -COO(hydrocarbyl),
-COO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CO(hydrocarbyl), -CO(functional
hydrocarbyl), -OCO(hydrocarbyl), -OCO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CONH2,
-CONH(hydrocarbyl), -CONH(functional hydrocarbyl), -CON
(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional hydrocarbylXhydrocarbyl), -
CON(functional hydrocarbylXfunctional hydrocarbyl), or a hydrocarbyl
group substituted by any of the above groups;
each R1 and R2 is identical or different and is independently a hydrocarbyl group of
between 1 and 20 carbons, wherein R1 and R2 are attached to an aromatic
benzene ring so that they are ortho to each other, and
R4 is selected from the group consisting of straight chain alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon
atoms, branched chain alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12
carbon atoms, alkyl substituted by cyclohexyl, alkyl interrupted by
cyclohexyl, alkyl substituted by phenylene, alkyl interrupted by phenylene,
benzylidene, —S—, —S—S—, —S—E—S—, —SO—, —SO2—,
—SO—E—SO—, —SO2—E—SO2—, —CH2—NH—E—NM—CH2—,
and

wherein E is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms,
cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, alkyl interrupted by cyclohexyl of 8 to 12
carbon atoms and, alkyl terminated by cyclohexyl of 8 to 12 carbon atoms.
In the compound of formula (V) R4 may be -CH2- and R3 may be hydrogen,
or an alkyl of 1 to 8 carbons atoms wherein one or more of the hydrogens in the alkyl chain
may optionally be substituted with an the nitrogen of an amine. In this embodiment L may
be an alkyl chain of between 1 and 20 carbons, wherein the alkyl chain is optionally
interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, has one or more of the hydrogens in the alkyl
chain substituted for by a hydroxyl group, or terminates with a carbonyl functionality of

general structure -CO-M, wherein M is a ORx or NRxRy, wherein Rx and Ry are
independently hydrogen or an alkyl group of between 1 and 8 carbons that optionally may
have one or more of the hydrogens substituted for by a hydroxyl group. In this
embodiment R1 and R2 may be individually a C1 to Cl0 straight chain alkyl, branched alkyl,
or cycloalkyl and R1 and R2 may be attached to the aromatic benzene ring at the 3 and 4
position relative to the point of attachment of the triazine ring or attached to the aromatic
benzene ring at the 2 and 3 position relative to the point of attachment of the triazine ring.
Each Z may be a nitrogen.
In another embodiment of the compound of formula (V) each Z is nitrogen;
X is hydrogen; C is
each R, and R2 is individually a C1 to C10 straight chain alkyl, branched alkyl, or cycloalkyl;
and R3 is a hydrogen.
The invention also relates to polymeric articles comprising at least one
polymeric material and a sufficient amount of a stabilizing composition to inhibit at least
one of photo or thermal degradation The stabilizer composition comprises one or more
compounds of structure (II) - (V), wherein compound (II) has the structure:

wherein each Z is independently nitrogen or methine, and at least two Z are
nitrogen, to form a triazine or pyrimidine ring;
X is independently selected from hydrogen and a blocking group;
C is

L is an alkyl chain of between 1 and 20 carbons, wherein the alkyl chain is
optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, has one or more of
hydrogens in the alkyl chain substituted for by a hydroxyl group, or
terminates with a carbonyl functionality of general structure -CO-M,
wherein M is a ORx, NRxRy and Rx and Ry are independently hydrogen or an
alkyl group of between 1 and 8 carbons that optionally may have one or
more of the hydrogens substituted for by a hydroxyl group;
R3 and R4 is independently selected from hydrogen, and an alkyl of 1 to 8 carbons
atoms wherein one or more of the hydrogens in the alkyl chain may
optionally be substituted with an the nitrogen of an amine; and
each R1 and R2 is individually a C1 to C10 straight chain alkyl, branched alkyl, or
cycloalkyl and R1 and R2 are attached to an aromatic benzene ring so that
they are ortho to each other;
compound (III) has the structure:

wherein each Z is independently nitrogen or methine, and at least two Z are
nitrogen, to form a triazine or pyrimidine ring;
X is independently selected from hydrogen and a blocking group;
C is
r is 2 and D is an alkyl chain of between 1 and 10 carbons or -CO-P-CO-, wherein P

is an alkyl chain of between 1 and 10 carbons or a benzene ring wherein the
carbonyl groups are meta or para to each other;
R3 and R4 is independently selected from hydrogen, and an alkyl of 1 to 8 carbons
atoms wherein one or more of the hydrogens in the alkyl chain may
optionally be substituted with an the nitrogen of an amine; and
R1 and R2 is individually a C1 to C10 straight chain alkyl, branched alkyl, or
cycloalkyl and R1 and R2 are attached to an aromatic benzene ring so that they arc
ortho to each other;
compound (IV) has the structure:

wherein each Z is independently nitrogen or methine, and at least two Z are nitrogen, to
form a triazine or pyrimidine ring;

wherein r is 2 and X' is an alkyl chain of between 1 and 10 carbons or -CO-P-CO-,
wherein P is an alkyl chain of between 1 and 10 carbons or benzene ring
wherein the carbonyl groups are meta or para to each other;
R3 and R4 is independently selected from hydrogen, and an alkyl of 1 to 8 carbons
atoms wherein one or more of the hydrogens in the alkyl chain may
optionally be substituted with an the nitrogen of an amine;

L is alkyl chain of between 1 and 20 carbons, wherein the alkyl chain is optionally
interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, has one or more of hydrogens in
the alkyl chain substituted for by a hydroxyl group, or terminates with a
carbonyl functionality of general structure -CO-M, wherein M is a ORx,
NRxRy and Rx and Ry are independently hydrogen or an alkyl group of
between 1 and 8 carbons that optionally may have one or more of the
hydrogens substituted for by a hydroxyl group;
R1 and R2 is individually a C1 to C10 straight chain alkyl, branched alkyl, or
cycloalkyl and R1 and R2 are attached to an aromatic benzene ring so that they are
ortho to each other;
and compound (V) has the structure:

wherein each Z is independently nitrogen or methine, and at least two Z are
nitrogen, to form a triazine or pyrimidine ring;
X is independently selected from hydrogen and a blocking group;
C is
r is 2;
R4 is -CH2-;
R3 is selected from hydrogen, and an alkyl of 1 to 8 carbons atoms wherein one or
more of the hydrogens in the alkyl chain may optionally be substituted with
an the nitrogen of an amine;

L is alkyl chain of between I and 20 carbons, wherein the alkyl chain is optionally
interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, has one or more of hydrogens in
the alkyl chain substituted for by a hydroxyl group, or terminates with a
carbonyl functionality of general structure -CO-M, wherein M is a ORx
NRxRy and Rx and Ry are independently hydrogen or an alkyl group of
between 1 and 8 carbons that optionally may have one or more of the
hydrogens substituted for by a hydroxyl group; and
R1 and R2 is individually a C1 to C10 straight chain alkyl, branched alkyl, or
cycloalkyl and R1 and R2 are attached to an aromatic benzene ring so that they are
ortho to each other.
The amount of stabilizer composition in the polymeric article may be is
from about 0.01 to about 20 percent by weight of the polymeric material. The polymeric
material may be selected from the group consisting of polyolefins; polyesters; polyethers;
polyketones; polyamides; natural and synthetic rubbers; polyurethanes; polystyrenes;
high-impact polystyrenes; polyacrylates; polymethacrylates; polyacetals; polyacrylonitriles;
polybutadienes; polystyrenes; ABS; SAN (styrene acrylonitrile); ASA (acrylate styrene
acrylonitrile); cellulosic acetate butyrate; cellulosic polymers; polyimides;
polyamideimides; polyetherimides; polyphenylsulfides; PPQ; polysulfones;
polyethersulfones/polyvinylcMorides; polycarbonates; polyketones; aliphatic polyketones;
thermoplastic TPO's; aminoresin crosslinked polyacrylates and polyesters; polyisocyanate
crosslinked polyesters and polyacrylates; phenol/formaldehyde, urea/formaldehyde, and
melamme/formaldehyde resins; drying and non-drying^ alkyd resins; alkyd resins; polyester
resins; acrylate resins cross-linked with melamine resins, urea resins, isocyanates,
isocyanurates, carbamates, and epoxy resins; cross-linked epoxy resins derived from
aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic and aromatic glycidyl compounds which are
cross-linked with anhydrides or amines; polysiloxanes; Michael addition polymers of
amines or blocked amines with activated unsaturated and methylene compounds, ketimines
with activated unsaturated and methylene compounds, polyketimines in combination with
unsaturated acrylic polyacetoacetate resins, and polyketimines in combination with
unsaturated acrylic resins; radiation curable compositions; epoxymelamine resins; organic
dyes; cosmetic products; cellulose-based paper formulations; photographic film paper; ink;
and blends thereof.

The one or more compounds of formula (II) to (V) may be chemical bonded
to the polymer.
The stabilizer composition may further comprise one or more hindered
amine light stabilizers or one or more additional UV light absorbers selected from the
group consisting of a benzotriazole, a triazine, a benzophenone, and mixtures thereof. The
stabilizer composition may further comprises at least one additional additive, selected from
the group consisting of: antioxidants, ultraviolet light absorbers, ultraviolet light
stabilizers, metal deactivators, phosphites, phosphonites, hydroxylamines, nitrones,
thiosynergists, peroxide scavengers, polyamide stabilizers, nucleating agents, fillers,
reinforcing agents, plasticizers, lubricants, emulsifiers, pigments, rheological additives,
flameproofing agents, antistatic agents, blowing agents, benzofuranones and indolinones.
The invention also relates to multilayer polymeric article comprising a
polymeric article having at least one surface and a thin film of polymer composition
applied to the at least one surface wherein the thin film comprises at least one compound of
formula (II) - (V) wherein the compounds of formula (II) - (V) have the same structure as
the compounds added to the polymeric articles. The thin film may be applied to each
surface of the polymeric article. The amount of the compound in the thin film may be from
about 0.1 to 20 percent by weight of the thin film. The thin film may be from about 5 to
500 ?m in thickness.
The invention also relates to a coating comprising at least one compound of
formula (II) - (V) to inhibit at least one of photo or thermal degradation, wherein the
compounds of formula (II) - (V) have the same structure as the compounds added to the
polymeric articles. The amount of the one or more compounds is from about 0.01 to 20
percent by weight of the coating.
The invention also relates to a concentrate comprising a polymeric resin and
from about 2.5 to about 25 percent of at least one compound of formula (II) - (V), wherein
the compounds of formula (II) - (V) have the same structure as the compounds added to the
polymeric articles.
The invention also relates to a cosmetic composition comprising a sufficient
amount of at least one compound of formula (II) - (V), wherein the compounds of formula
(II) - (V) have the same structure as the compounds added to the polymeric articles.

The invention further relates to a method of stabilizing a material that is
subject to at least one of photo or thermal degradation by incorporating into or onto the
material an amount of one or more stabilizer compositions effective to stabilize the
material against at least one of photo or thermal degradation, wherein the stabilizer
composition comprises one or more compounds of structure (II) - (V), wherein the
compounds of formula (II) - (V) have the same structure as the compounds added to the
polymeric articles.
The stabilizer composition may be incorporated into the material in an
amount of from about 0.01 to about 20 percent by weight of the material to be stabilized.
The material to be stabilized may be polymeric. The polymeric material may be selected
from the group consisting of polyolefins; polyesters; polyethers; polyketones; polyamides;
natural and synthetic rubbers; polyurethanes; polystyrenes; high-impact polystyrenes;
polyacrylates; polymethacrylates; polyacetals; polyacrylonitriles; polybutadienes;
polystyrenes; ABS; SAN (styrene acrylonitrile); ASA (acrylate styrene acrylonitrile);
cellulosic acetate butyrate; cellulosic polymers; polyimides; polyamideimides;
polyetherimides; polyphenylsulfides; PPO; polysulfones; polyethersulfones;
polyvinylchlorides; polycarbonates; polyketones; aliphatic polyketones; thermoplastic
TPO's; aminoresin crosslinked polyacrylates and polyesters; polyisoeyanate crosslinked
polyesters and polyacrylates; phenol/formaldehyde, urea/formaldehyde, and
melamine/formaldehyde resins; drying and non-drying alkyd resins; alkyd resins; polyester
resins; acrylate resins cross-linked with melamine resins, urea resins, isocyanates,
isocyanurates, carbamates, and epoxy resins; cross-linked epoxy resins derived from
aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic and aromatic glycidyl compounds which are
cross-linked with anhydrides or amines; polysiloxanes; Michael addition polymers of
amines or blocked amines with activated unsaturated and methylene compounds, ketimines
with activated unsaturated and methylene compounds, polyketimines in combination with
unsaturated acrylic polyacetoacetate resins, and polyketimines in combination with
unsaturated acrylic resins; radiation curable compositions; epoxymelamine resins; organic
dyes; cosmetic products; cellulose-based paper formulations; photographic film paper; ink;
and blends thereof. The one or more compounds may be incorporated into the polymer by
chemical bonding during and/or subsequent to the preparation of the polymer.

In one embodiment of the method, the material to be stabilized has one or
more surfaces and the stabilizer composition is applied to the one or more surfaces of the
material. The stabilizer composition may be part of a coating and the method may involve
applying the coating to the at least one surface of the material. The material may be
metallic, wood, ceramic, polymeric, or a fiber material.
The method may further comprise the step of chemically bonding the one or
more compounds to the material and forming the material into a fiber. The material may
be silk, leather, wool, polyamide, polyurethane, cellulose-containing fibers, and blends
thereof.
The material to be stabilized may also be a photographic material or a
cosmetic composition.
The invention also relates to a compound of formula (XXXII)

wherein each Z is independently nitrogen or methine, and at least two Z are nitrogen, to
form a triazine or pyrimidine ring;
each R1 and R2 is identical or different and is independently a hydrocarbyl group of
between 1 and 20 carbons, wherein R1 and R2 are attached to an aromatic benzene
ring so that they are ortho to each other; and
Hal is a halogen.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The invention provides a new class of triazine and pyrimidine ultraviolet
light absorbers containing a phenolic aromatic group(s) and non-phenolic aromatic
group(s), wherein the non-phenolic aromatic groups are substituted with at least two

hydrocarbyl groups that are ortho to each other. The triazine and pyrimidine ultraviolet
light absorbers of the invention can be monomeric or oligomeric.
The triazine and pyrimidine ultraviolet light absorbers of the invention, with
ortho di-hydrocarbyl substituted aromatic rings, have the advantage of being highly soluble
in and compatible with many polymers and coatings while being stable to environmental
degradation that has led previous UV stabilizers to turn yellow and degrade with respect to
performance as UV stabilizers. Without wishing to be bound by theory it is believed that
the improved solubility and compatibility of the triazines and pyrimidines of the invention
is due to the presence of hydrocarbyl groups on the non-phenolic aromatic rings. It is,
however, well known that triazines and pyrimidines that have hydrocarbyl groups on the
non-phenolic aromatic rings are more prone to yellowing than triazines and pyrimidines
without hydrocarbyl groups. The yellowing of triazines and pyrimidines having
hydrocarbyl groups on the non-phenolic aromatic rings is attributed to oxidation of the
hydrocarbyl groups. Thus, many triazines and pyrimidines avoid having hydrocarbyl
groups on the non-phenolic aromatic rings even though thay have superior solubility and
compatibility with many polymers. Surprisingly, however, it was found that triazines and
pyrimidines having hydrocarbyl groups on the non-phenolic aromatic rings that are ortho to
each other are less prone to thermal yellowing and yellowing on exposure to UV light
compared to triazines and pyrimidines having hydrocarbyl groups on the aromatic rings
that are not ortho to each other. Even more surprising is the discovery that, the
performance of the triazines and pyrimidines of the invention at inhibiting thermal
degradation and UV degradation is similar or superior to triazines or pyrimidines without
hydrocarbyl groups on the aromatic rings.
The triazine and pyrimidine ultraviolet light absorbers have the following
general structure (I):
wherein Z can be a nitrogen or a methine and at least two Z are nitrogen, to form a
pyrimidine

or triazine ring; A is an aromatic benzene ring substituted with two hydrocarbyl groups that
are ortho to each other; B is a resorcinol radical bound by a cyclic carbon atom directly to
the pyrimidine or triazine ring; and C can be either A or B. Preferably C is A. Preferably
each Z is a nitrogen.
More specifically, the new triazine and pyrimidine ultraviolet light
absorbers having di-ortho alkyl substituted aromatic rings have the formula (II):
wherein
each Z is independently nitrogen or methine, and at least two Z are nitrogen;
X is independently selected from hydrogen and a blocking group;
C is either
each of L is independently a
hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, -SO2(hydrocarbyl), -SO3(hydrocarbyl),
-SO2(functional hydrocarbyl), -SO3(functional hydrocarbyl),
-COO(hydrocarbyl), -COO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CO(hydrocarbyl),
-CO(functional hydrocarbyl), -OCO(hydrocarbyl), -OCO(functional
hydrocarbyl), -CONH2, -CONH(hydrocarbyl), -CONH(functional
hydrocarbyl), -CON (hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional
hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(functional
hydrocarbyl), or a hydrocarbyl group substituted by any of the above groups;
each of R3 and R4 are independently a

hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, -O(hydrocarbyl),
-O(functional hydrocarbyl), -N(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -
N(hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl), -N(functional
hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl), -S(hydrocarbyl), -S(functional
hydrocarbyl), -SO2(hydrocarbyl), -SO3(hydrocarbyl), -SO2(functional
hydrocarbyl), -SO3(functional hydrocarbyl), -COO(hydrocarbyl),
-COO(fiinctional hydrocarbyl), -CO(hydrocarbyl), -CO(functional
hydrocarbyl), -OCO(hydrocarbyl), -OCO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CONH2,
-CONH(hydrocarbyl), -CONH(functional hydrocarbyl), -CON
(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(funetional hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -
CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl), or a hydrocarbyl
group substituted by any of the above groups.
Preferably, L is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C24 alkyl
or mixtures thereof; C1-C24 branched alkyl or mixtures thereof; C3-C6 alkenyl; —COR12;
—COOR12; —CONHR12; —SO2R13; C1-C,8 alkyl which is substituted with one or more of
the groups:
hydroxy, C1-Cl8 alkoxy, C3-C18 alkenoxy, halogen, phenoxy, C1-Cl8 alkyl-
substituted phenoxy, C1-C18 alkoxy-substituted phenoxy, halogen-substituted
phenoxy, —COOH, —COOR9, CONH2, —CONHR9, —CON(R9)(R10), —NH2,
—NHR9, —NCRW10), —NHCOR11, N(R9)COR11, -NHCOOR11, -N(R9)COOR11,
—CN, —OCOR11, -OC(O)NHR9, -OC(O)N(R9)(R10), C2-C50 alkyl which is
interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms or carbonyl groups and optionally
substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of
hydroxy, C1-C12 alkoxy, and glycidyloxy; glycidyl; and cyclohexyl optionally
substituted with hydroxyl or—OCOR11.
R9 and R10 independently of one another are C1-C12 alkyl, C3-C12 alkoxyalkyl, C4-C16
dialkylaminoalkyl, or C5-C12 cycloalkyl, or R9 and R10 taken together are C3-C9 alkylene or
C3-C9 oxoalkylene or C3-C9 azaalkylene.
R11 is C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, or phenyl.
R12 is C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, phenyl, C1-C12 alkoxy, phenoxy, C1-C12 alkylamino,
phenylamino, tolylamino or naphthylamino, and R13 is C1-C12 alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl or
C7-C14 alkylphenyl.

the chain; a cycloalkyl of 5 to 24 carbon atoms optionally substituted by hydroxyl,
carboxyl, or amino groups and optionally containing carbonyl, oxygen, or nitrogen in the
ring; an aralkyl of 7 to 24 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more hydroxyl,
alkoxy, chloro, cyano, carboxy, carboalkoxy, amino, amido, carbamato, or epoxy groups
and may contain one or more carbonyl groups, oxygen atoms or nitrogen atoms in the ring;
a polyoxyalkylene radical ofthe formula XII
-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-D1 (XII)
wherein D, is hydrogen,

-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-OH, or R25;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XIII
-CO-(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-D2 (XIII)
wherein D2 is -(CH2)u-CO-R22 or R25;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XIV
-YY-O-CO-(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-D3 (XIV)
wherein D3 is -(CH2)u-CO-R22 or R25;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XV
-(CH2)kk-CH(R21)-CO-B1-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn-B1-D4 (XV)
wherein D4 is hydrogen of R25;

a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XVI
-CO-CH2-CH2-NH-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn-D5 (XVI)
wherein D5 is -NH2, -NH-(CH2)2-COO-R23 or -O-R25;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XVII
-YY-O-CO-CH2-CH2-NH-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn-D5 (XVII)
wherein D5 is as defined under formula (XVI);
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XVIII
-(Cnn H2nn -O-)mm-CnnH2nn-D6 (XVIII)
wherein D6 is -NH-CO-R24, -OR25, OH or H;
a polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula XIX
-CH-CH2(OCH-CH2)m D7 (XIX)
R17 R17
wherein D7 is -OR25, -NHCOR24 or -OCH2CH2OR25;
R21 is hydrogen or C1-C16 alkyl;
R17 is C2-C10 alkylene, phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene,
methylenediphenylene, or C4-CI5 alkylphenylene;
R21 is hydrogen or C1-Cl6 alkyl;
R22 is halogen or -O-R23;
R23 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl, aryl, or
aryl-C1-C4-alkyl;
R24 is hydrogen, C1-C12 alkyl or aryl;
R25 is C1-C16 alkyl, C5-Cl2 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl,
C1 -C12 alky lary 1 or ary 1-C1 -C4 alkyl;
YY is unsubstituted or substituted C2-C20 alkyl;
B.is HN or O;
kk is zero or an integer from 1-16;
mm is an integer from 2 to 60;
nn is an integer from 2 to 6;
u is an integer from 1 to 4;
L may also be an alkyl of 1-24 carbon atoms substituted by a hindered
amine light satabilizer (HALS) of the general formula (VI). Triazines containing

tetramethylpiperidine groups are described in U.S. 4,161,592 and U.S. 5,376,710 which are
incorporated herein by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth.

wherein
J is —O—, —NR30—, —T—(CH2)2—NR30— wherein T is —O— or —S—, and
R30 is C1-C12 alkyl or hydrogen;
R31 is hydrogen or C1-C8 alkyl;
R32 is hydrogen, oxygen, C1-C2, alkoxyalkyl, C7-C8 aralkyl, 2,3-epoxypropyl, and
aliphatic acyl group with 1-4 C atoms or one of the groups —CH2COOR33,
—CH2—CHCR34)—OR35, —COOR36 or —CONHR36, wherein R33 is C1-C12
alkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl, phenyl, C7-C8 aralkyl or cyclohexyl, R34 is a hydrogen,
methyl or phenyl, R35 is hydrogen, an aliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic or
alicyclic acyl group with 1-8 C atoms, wherein the aromatic part is
unsubstituted or is substituted by chlorine, C1C4 alkyl, C1-C8 alkoxy or by
hydroxyl, and R36 is C1-C12 alkyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl or benzyl;
R37 is hydrogen, —OH or one of the groups —O—CO—R38 or —NR36—CO—R38,
wherein R38 is C1-C12 alkyl or phenyl; and .
K is —O—(CmmH2mm)— wherein mm is 1 to 6.
In the preferred embodiment L is selected from an alkyl chain of between 1
and 20 carbons, preferably between 1 and 10 carbons. The alkyl chain may optionally be
interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms or may have one or more of the hydrogens
substituted for by a hydroxyl group. Optionally, the alkyl chain may also terminate with a
carbonyl functionality of general structure -CO-M, wherein M is an alkoxy group (i.e., an
ester) having between 1 and 8 carbons; NRxRy (i.e., an amide), wherein Rx and Ry are
independently hydrogen or an alkyl group of between 1 and 8 carbons that optionally may
have one or more of the hydrogens substituted for by a hydroxyl group; or OH (i.e., a
carboxylic acid).

These preferred L groups are readily attached to the phenolic oxygen by
reacting a compound of formula II, wherein L is hydrogen with the desired alkyl halide (or
other leaving group), preferably under basic conditions. Compounds wherein L is an alkyl
chain that terminates with a carbonyl functionality that is an amide or ester are typically
prepared by reacting a carboxylic acid having a good leaving group, for example a halide,
in the alkyl group to provide a compound of formula II wherein the alkyl chain terminates
in COOH and then converting the carboxylic acid to an amide or ester by any method
available to those of ordinary skill in the art. Methods for converting a carboxylic acids to
an amide or ester are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
In one embodiment R3 and R4 is independently selected from hydrogen,
halogen, a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbyloxy group of 1 to 24
carbon atoms, an acyl group of 2 to 24 carbon atoms, an acyloxy group of 2 to 24 carbon
atoms, and -OR.
In another embodiment each R3 and R4 is independently selected from
hydrogen, an alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms optionally containing an oxygen atom in the
chain; an alkyloxy of 1 to 24 carbon atoms: an alkenyl of 2 to 24 carbon atoms (which may
optionally be substituted by hydroxyl, carboxyl and/or amino group(s) and/or contain
carbonyl, oxygen and/or nitrogen in the chain); an alkenyloxy of 2 to 24 carbon atoms
(which may optionally be substituted by hydroxyl, carboxyl and/or amino group(s) and/or
contain carbonyl, oxygen and/or nitrogen in the chain); a cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon
atoms (which may optionally be substituted by hydroxyl, carboxyl and/or amino group(s)
and/or contain carbonyl, oxygen and/or nitrogen in the ring); an acyl group of 2 to 12
carbon atoms.
In another embodiment, R3 and R4 are independently methylene or
alkylidene substituted by a benzophenone UV absorber or a benzotriazole UV absorber.
Related triazine-benzotriazole and triazine-benzophenone hybrid UV absorbers are
disclosed in U.S. 5,585,422 which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes as if
fully set forth. In a related embodiment, R3 and R4 are independently methylene, alkylidene,
or benzylidene substituted by a second UV absorber. Related triazine dimers (and
oligomers) are disclosed in U.S. 5,726,309 and EP 704,437 which are incorporated by
reference herein for all purposes as if fully set forth.

Preferably each R3 and R4 is independently selected from hydrogen, an alkyl
of 1 to 8 carbons, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, wherein optionally one or more of
the hydrogens in the alkyl chain are substituted for with the nitrogen of an amine. Methods
for adding an alkyl group wherein one or more of the hydrogens in the alkyl chain are
substituted for with the nitrogen of an amine are described in WO 99/67224, the contents
of which are expressly incorporated herein.
In preferred embodiments, each X is hydrogen. When X is a blocking group
it is preferred that X is CORa, -SO2Rb, -SiRcRdRe, wherein Ra and Rb, Rc, Rd, and Rc are
alkyl chains of up to 8 carbons, benzene, or a benzene substituted with one or more groups
commonly found in organic molecules.
Each R' and R2 is identical or different and is independently a hydrocarbyl
group of between 1 and 20 carbons, preferably between 1 and 10 carbons, and most
preferably between 1 and 5 carbons, wherein R1 and R2 are attached to the aromatic ring so
that they are ortho to each other. The alkyl group may be a straight chain, branched chain.
or cyclic alkyl group. Preferably the alkyl group is a straight chain alkyl group. R1 and R2
may be attached to the aromatic ring so that they are attached to the 2 and 3 positions or the
3 and 4 positions of the aromatic benzene ring relative to the point of attachment of the
triazine or pyrimidine ring. Preferably R1 and R2 are attached to the 3 and 4 positions of the
aromatic benzene ring relative to the point of attachment of the triazine or pyrimidine ring.
In one embodiment each R1 and R2 is a methyl group.
Optionally, the hydrocarbyl group can have one or more of the hydrogens in
the chain replaced by a substituent commonly found in organic molecules. Preferably the
hydrocarbyl group is attached to the benzene ring by a saturated carbon. Optionally, one or
more of the hydrogens on the aromatic benzene ring can also be replaced by a hydrocarbyl
group or substituent commonly found in organic molecules. Preferably, the hydrogens are
not substituted.
Preferably C is an aromatic benzene ring having two hydrocarbyl groups
that are ortho to each other. When C is also an aromatic benzene ring both aromatic rings
can have the two hydrocarbyl groups that are ortho to each other in the 2 and 3 positions
relative to the point of attachment of the triazine or pyrimidine ring, or both rings can have
the two hydrocarbyl groups that are ortho to each other in the 3 and 4 positions relative to
the point of attachment of the triazine or pyrimidine ring. Alternatively, one aromatic ring

can have the two hydrocarbyl groups that are ortho to each other in the 2 and 3 positions
relative to the point of attachment of the triazine or pyrimidine ring and the other aromatic
ring can have the two hydrocarbyl groups that are ortho to each other in the 3 and 4
positions relative to the point of attachment of the triazine or pyrimidine ring. Preferably,
both rings have the two hydrocarbyl groups that are ortho to each other in the 3 and 4
positions relative to the point of attachment of the triazine or pyrimidine ring.
The pyrimidines and triazines of the present invention further comprise oligomeric
species. Preferably, the oligomeric species have the formulas (III), (IV) and (V):

wherein
Z, C, Rl, R2, R3, R4, and X, are as defined above;
r is an integer between 2 and 4;
D can be a wide variety of groups;
D, when r is 2, is selected from the group consisting of C1-C16 alkylene, C4-C12
alkenylene, xylylene, C4-C20 alkylene which is interrupted by one or more
oxygen atoms, hydroxy-substituted C3-C20 alkyl which is interrupted by one
or more oxygen atoms, —CH2CH(OH)CH2O—R15—OCH2CH(OH)CH2,
—CO—R16—CO—, —CO—NH—R17—NH—CO—
—(CH2)5—COO—R18—OCO—(CH2)s—
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XX
-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-CH2-CH
(OH)-CH2- (XX),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXI
-CO-(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-(CH2)u-CO- (XXI),

******************a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXII
-YY-O-CO(CH2)u-O-(CHr(CH:)u-O-)mm-(CH2)u
-COO-YY- (XXII),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXIII
B1-CO-CH(R2lHCH,)kk- (XXIII),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXIV
-COCH(R2,)CH2NH(CnnH2nnO)mmCnnH2nn-NHCHrCH(R2l)CO-(XXIV)
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXV
-YY-O-CO- (CH2)2COO-YY- (XXV),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXVI
-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn- (XXVI),
and a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXVII
-CH(CH3)-CH2-(0-CH(CH3)-CH2)a-(0-CH2-CH2)b-(0-CH2-
CH(CH3)C- (XXVII),
wherein a + c = 2.5 and b = 8.5 to 40.5 or a + c = 2 to 33 and b = 0,
R15 is C2-CI0 alkylene, C2-C10 oxaalkylene or C2-C,0 dithiaalkylene,
phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene, or
phenylene-XX-phenylene wherein XX is —O—, —S—,
—SO2—, —CH2—, or —C(CH3)2—;
R16 is C2-C10 alkylene, (VCW oxaalkylene or C2-C,0 dithiaalkylene,
phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene
provided that when r is 3 the alkenylene has at least 3
carbons;
R17 is C2-CI0 alkylene, phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene,
or C2-C6 alkenylene, methylenediphenylene, or C4-C15
alkylphenylene; and
R18 is C2-C10 alkylene, or C4-C,0 alkylene interrupted by one or more
oxygen atoms;
R21 is hydrogen or C1-C,6 alkyl;
YY is unsubstituted or substituted C2-C20 alkyl;

B, is NH or 0;
kk is zero or an integer from 1-16;
mm is an integer from 2 to 60;
nn is an integer from 2 to 6;
u is an integer from 1 to 4;
when r is 3, D is

and when r is 4, D is

wherein R19 is C3-Cl0 alkanetriyl and R20 is C4-C10 alkanetetryl; and
s is 1-6.
Preferably, in structure III r is 2 and D is an alkyl chain of between 1 and 10
carbons, preferably between 1 and 8 carbons, or -CO-P-CO-, wherein P is an alkyl chain of
between 1 and 10 carbons, preferably between 1 and 8 carbons, or an aromatic ring,
preferably a benzene ring and preferably wherein the carbonyl groups are meta or para to
each other. The dimeric structure can readily be made by reacting the compound of
structure III, wherein L is hydrogen, with an alkyl chain of between 1 and 10 carbons,
preferably between 1 and 8 carbons, that is substituted on each end with a good leaving
group, such as a halide, or with a diacid chloride of structure Cl-CO-P-CO-C1.
Another dimeric structure is represented by structure IV.

wherein
Z, C, R1, R2, R3 R4, and L, are as defined above; r is an integer between 2 and 4;

X' can be a wide variety of groups;
X', when r is 2, is selected from the group consisting of C1-Cl6 alkylene, C4-C12
alkenylene, xylylene, C4-C20 alkylene which is interrupted by one or more
oxygen atoms, hydroxy-substituted C3-C20 alkyl which is interrupted by one
or more oxygen atoms, — CH2CH(OH)CH2O—R15—OCH2CH(OH)CH2-,
—CO—R16—CO—, —CO—NH—R17—NH—CO—,
—(CH2)s—COO—R18—OCO—(CH2)s —
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XX
-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-CH2-CH
(OH)-CH2- (XX),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXI
-CO-(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-(CH2)u-CO- (XXI),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXII
-YY-O-CO(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-(CH2)u
-COO-YY- (XXII).
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXIII
CO-CH(R21)-(CH2)kk- (XXIII),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXIV
-COCH(R21)CH2NH(CnnH2nnO)mmCnnH2nn-NHCH2-CH(R21)CO-(XXIV)
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXV
-YY-O-CO-(CH2)2-NH-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn.NH-
(CH2)2COO-YY- (XXV),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXVI
-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn- (XXVI),
and a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXVII
-CH(CH3)-CH2-(O-CH(CH3)-CH2)a-(O-CH2-CH2)b-(O-CH2-
CH(CH3)c- (XXVII),
wherein a + c = 2.5 and b = 8.5 to 40.5 or a + c - 2 to 33 and b = 0,
R15 is C2-C10 alkylene, C2-C10 oxaalkylene or C2-C10 dithiaalkylene,
phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene, or

phenylene-XX-phenylene wherein XX is —O—, —S—,
—SO:—, —CH2—, or—C(CH3)2—;
R16 is C1-C10 alkylene, C2-C10 oxaalkylene or C2-C10 dithiaalkylene,
phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene
provided that when r is 3 the alkenylene has at least 3
carbons;
R17 is C2-C10 alkylene, phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene,
or C2-C6 alkenylene, methylenediphenylene, or C4-CI5
alkylphenylene; and
RIS is C2-CI0 alkylene, or C4-C20 alkylene interrupted by one or more
oxygen atoms;
R2' is hydrogen or C1-Cl6 alkyl;
YY is unsubstituted or substituted C2-C20 alkyl;
B1 is NH or O;
kk is zero or an integer from 1-16;
mm is an integer from 2 to 60;
nn is an integer from 2 to 6;
s is 1-6;
u is an integer from 1 to 4;
when r is 3, D is

and when r is 4, D is

wherein R19 is C3-C10 alkanetriyl and R20 is C4-C10 alkanetetryl.
Preferably r is 2 and X' is an alkyl chain of between 1 and 10 carbons,
preferably between 1 and 8 carbons, or -CO-P-CO-, wherein P is an alkyl chain of between
1 and 10 carbons, preferably between 1 and 8 carbons, or an aromatic ring preferably a
benzene ring and preferably wherein the carbonyl groups are meta or para to each other.
The dimeric structure can readily be made by reacting the compound of structure III,

wherein L is not hydrogen, and may be a removable protecting group, such as, but not
limited to CORa, -SO2Rb, -SiRcRdRe, wherein Ra and Rb, Rc, Rd, and Re are alkyl chains of
up to 8 carbons, benzene or a substituted benzene, and X is a hydrogen, with an alkyl chain
of between 1 and 10 carbons, preferably between 1 and 8 carbons, that is substituted on
each end with a good leaving group, such as a halide, or with a diacid chloride of structure
Cl-CO-P-CO-Cl.
Another dimeric structure is represent by structure V.

wherein Z, R1, R2, R3, L and X, are as defined above; r is 2; C is as defined above,
and R4 can be a wide variety of groups;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of straight chain alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon
atoms, branched chain alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12
carbon atoms, alkyl substituted by cyclohexyl, alkyl interrupted by
cyclohexyl, alkyl substituted by phenylene, alkyl interrupted"by phenylene,
benzylidene, —S—, —S—S—, —S—E—S—, —SO—, —SO2—,
—SO—E—SO—, — SO2,—E—SO2— —CH2—NH—E—NH—CH2—,
and

wherein E is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms.
cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, alkyl interrupted by cyclohexyl of 8 to 12
carbon atoms, alkyl terminated by cyclohexyl of 8 to 12 carbon atoms.

These compounds can be prepared by any means available to one of ordinary skill in the
art. Preferably, they are prepared by the method disclosed in WO 99/67227.
Preferably r is 2 and R4 is -CH2-. Compounds wherein r is 2 and R4 is -CH2-
can readily be made by any method available to those of ordinary skill in the art, the
preferred method is the method disclosed in WO 99/67224 the contents of which are
expressly incorporated herein.
The pyrimidines and triazines of the present invention further comprise a
compound of formula (XXXIV):

wherein
Z, X, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are as defined above;
each of T and T1 is independently a direct bond, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur,
phosphorous, boron, silicon, or functional groups containing these elements;
each of Y and Y1 are independently one or more of a hydrogen, hydrocarbyl group,
a functional hydrocarbyl group, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, -0(hydrocarbyl),
-0(functional hydrocarbyl), -N(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -N(functional
hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl), -N(hydrocarbyl)(functional
hydrocarbyl), -S(hydrocarbyl), -S(functional hydrocarbyl),
-SO2(hydrocarbyl), -SO2(hydrocarbyl), -SO3(hydrocarbyl), -SO3(functional
hydrocarbyl), -COO(hydrocarbyl), -COO(functional hydrocarbyl),
-CO(hydrocarbyl), -CO(functional hydrocarbyl, -OCO(hydrocarbyl),
-OCO(functional hydrocarbyl), -N(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CONH2,
-CONH(hyrdocarbyl), -CONH(functional hyrdocarbyl),
-CON(hydrocarbyl)(hyrdocarbyl), -CON(hydrocarbyl)(functional

hyrdocarbyl), -CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(functional hyrdocarbyl),
-S(functional hydrocarbyl), -SO2(functional hydrocarbyl), -SO3(functional
hydrocarbyl), -COO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CO(functional hydrocarbyl),
-OCO(functional hydrocarbyl), or a hydrocarbyl group substituted by any of
the above groups.
Typically, the compounds of formula (II) to (V) or (XXXIV) are added to
polymeric materials to inhibit or prevent one or more of thermal or photo-degradation or to
protect from the effects of ultraviolet light by screening. By screening is meant that the
compounds are included in a protective composition to filter ultraviolet light. The
protective composition may be, for example, a cosmetic preparation or a glass or plexiglass
window.. Therefore, it is preferable that one or more of R1, R2, R3, R4, L, D, or X' is
chosen so as to improve the solubility of the compound of formula (II) to (V) or (XXXIV)
in the polymeric material to which it is to be added. One of ordinary skill in the art can
readily recognize what structures for R1, R2, R3, R4, L, D, or X' would improve solubility in
a given polymeric material. For example, it is often preferable, that R1, R2, R3, R4, L, D, or
X' is similar to, i.e., has the same functional groups, as the monomelic units of the
polymeric material.
The substituted pyrimidines and triazines of the invention may optionally
have the added benefit of being capable of being chemically bonded to appropriate polymer
systems via a functionality attached to the alkylphenyl or pyrimidine or triazine groups
(e.g., by a hydroxyl, ethylenic unsaturated and/or activated unsaturated group in one or
more of R1, R2, R3, R4, Y, or Y').
The term "hydrocarbyl" in the context of the present invention, and in the
above formulas, broadly refers to a monovalent hydrocarbon group in which the valency is
derived by abstraction of a hydrogen from a carbon atom. Hydrocarbyl includes, for
example, aliphatics (straight and branched chain), cycloaliphatics, aromatics and mixed
character groups (e.g., aralkyl and alkaryl). Hydrocarbyl also includes such groups with
internal unsaturation and activated unsaruration. More specifically, hydrocarbyl includes,
but is not limited to, such groups as alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, alkenyl,
cycloalkenyl and alkynyl, preferably having up to 24 carbon atoms. A hydrocarbyl chain or
ring may optionally be interrupted by one or more carbonyl groups (which is/are included
in the carbon count) and/or heteroatoms (such as at least one oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen or

silicon). A hydrocarbyl group may also have one or more hydrogens replaced with a
substituent commonly found in organic molecules.
The phrase "substituent commonly found in organic molecules," as used
herein means non-hydrocarbyl groups that are typically found in organic molecules
including, but not limited to, halides, cyano groups, amino groups, thiol groups,
carboxylate groups, hydroxyl groups, sulfonate groups, nitroso groups, nitro groups, and
the like.
The term "functional hydrocarbyl" in the context of the present invention,
and in the above formulas, broadly refers to a hydrocarbyl possessing pendant and/or
terminal reactive and/or latent reactive functionality and/or leaving groups.
The term "reactive" functionality refers to functionality that is reactive with
common monomer/polymer functionalites under normal conditions well understood by
those of ordinary skill in the relevant art. As non-limiting examples of a reactive
functionality may be mentioned active hydrogen containing groups such as hydroxyl,
amino, carboxyl, thio, amido, carbamoyl, and activated methylene; isocyanato; cyano;
epoxy; ethylenically unsaturated groups such as allyl and methallyl; and activated
unsaturated groups such acryloyl and methacryloyl, and maleate and maleimido (including
the Diels-Alder adducts thereof with dienes such as butadiene).
The term "latent reactive" functionality within the meaning of the present
invention and, as would clearly be understood by those persons of ordinary skill in the art,
refers to reactive functionality which is blocked or masked to prevent premature reaction.
As examples of a latent reactive functionality may be mentioned ketimines and aldimines
(amines blocked, respectively, with ketones and aldehydes); amine-carboxylate salts; and
blocked isocyanates such as alcohol (carbamates), oxime, and caprolactam blocked
variations.
A "leaving" group within the meaning of the present invention, as would
clearly be understood by those persons of ordinary skill in the relevant art, is a substituent
attached to the hydrocarbyl chain or ring which during reaction is dislodged or displaced to
create a valency on a carbon or hetero atom in the hydrocarbyl chain or ring, said valency
being filled by a nucleophile. As examples of leaving groups may be mentioned halogen
atoms such as chlorine, bromine, and iodine; protonated hydroxyl groups; quaternary
ammonium salts (NT4+); sulfonium salts (ST3+); and sulfonates (OSO3T); where T is, e.g.,

methyl or para-tolyl. Of all these classes of reactive functionality, the preferred
functionality includes hydroxyl, -COOR5, -CR6=CH2, -CO-CR6=CH2, Cl, an isocyanate
group, a blocked isocyanate group and -NHR5, wherein
R5 is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl (preferably of up to 24 carbon
atoms); and
R6 is selected from hydrogen and an alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms (preferably
hydrogen and methyl).
The term "hydrocarbylene" in the context of the present invention is a
divalent hydrocarbon group in which both valencies derive by abstraction of hydrogens
from carbon atoms. Included within the definition of hydrocarbylene are the same groups
as indicated above for hydrocarbyl and functional hydrocarbyl with, of course, the extra
valency (for example, alkylene, alkenylene, arylene, alkylaryl, etc.).
The term "functional hydrocarbylene" in the context of the present invention
refers to a species of hydrocarbylene possessing pendant reactive functionality, latent
reactive functionality, and/or leaving groups. The term "non-functional hydrocarbylene' in
the context of the present invention refers generally to a hydrocarbylene other than a
functional hydrocarbylene.
The pyrimidines and triazines in accordance with the present invention also
relate to latent stabilizing compounds against actinic radiation of the general formulas (II) -
(V), wherein at least one of the hydroxyl groups on the aryl ring ortho to the point of
attachment to the triazine or pyrimidine ring is blocked, that is, wherein at least one X is
other than hydrogen. Such latent stabilizing compounds liberate the-effective stabilisers by
cleavage of the O-X bond, e.g., by heating or by exposure to UV radiation. Latent
stabilizing compounds are desirable because they have many favorable properties, i.e.,
good substrate compatibility, good color properties, a high cleavage rate of the O-X bond,
and a long shelf life. The use of latent stabilizing compounds is further described in United
States Patent Nos. 4,775,707, 5,030,731, 5,563,224 and 5,597,854, which are incorporated
herein for all purposes as if fully set forth.
Latent stabilizing compounds comprising pyrimidines and triazines in
accordance with the present invention can be prepared from compounds of the general
formulas (I) - (V), wherein at least one X is hydrogen, by subjecting said compounds to a

further reaction to form latent stabilizing compounds, as described in the immediately
preceding incorporated references.
As examples of blocking groups X may be mentioned one or more of the
following groups: allyl, -CORa, -SO2Rb, -SiRcRdRe, -PRfRg or -PORfRg, -CONHRh,
wherein
each Ra is independently selected from C1-C„ alkyl, halogen-substituted C1-C8
alkyl, C5-C12 cycloalkyl, C2-C8 alkenyl, -CH2-CO-CH3, C1-C12 alkoxy, and
phenyl or phenoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C12 alkyl,
C1-C4 alkoxy, halogen and/or benzyl;
each Rb is independently selected from C1-C12 alkyl, C6-C10 aryl and C7-C,8
alkylaryl;
each Rc, Rd and Re is independently selected from C1-C18 alkyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl
and C1-C18 alkoxy;
each Rf and Rg is independently selected from C1-C12 alkoxy, C1-C12 alkyl, C5-C12
cycloalkyl, and phenyl or phenoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted by
C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, halogen and/or benzyl; and
each Rh is independently selected from C1-C8 alkyl, C5-C12 cycloalkyl, C2-C8
alkenyl, -CH2-CO-CH3, and phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by
C1-C12 alkyl, C2-C8 alkenyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, halogen and/or benzyl.
The reaction to give the latent stabilizing compounds of the present
invention of the general formula (I) through (V), in which X is allyl, -GORa. -SO2Rb,
-SiRcRdRe, -PRfc8, or -PORfR8, can be carried but, for example;by reaction of me
compounds of the general formula (I) through (IV), wherein at least one X is hydrogen with
the corresponding halides such as allyl chloride, Cl-CORa, Cl-SO2Rb, Cl-SiRcRdRe,
Cl-PRfRg, or Cl-PORfRg. The reaction to give the latent stabilizing compounds of the
present invention of the general formulas (II) through (IV) in which X is -CONHRh can be
carried out, for example, by reaction of the compounds of the general formulas (II) through
(V), wherein at least one X is hydrogen with the corresponding isocyanates. Furthermore,
acylated compounds can be obtained by reaction of the compounds of the general formulas
(II) through (V), wherein at least one X is hydrogen with anhydrides, ketenes, or esters,
such as lower alkyl esters, as is well known to one skilled in the art. The above-described
reagents may be used in approximately equimolar amounts or in excess, for example, from

2 to 20 mol with respect to the hydroxyl groups desired to be made latent in the starting
compound of the general formula (II) through (V).
Catalysts customarily used for acylation, sulfonylation, phosphonylation,
silylation, or urethanation reactions may be used in forming the latent stabilizing
substituted pyrimidines and triazines of the present invention. For example, acylation and
sulfonylation reaction catalysts such as tertiary or quaternary amines including, but not
limited to, triethylamine, dimethylaminopyridine, or tetrabutylammonium salts, may be
used for forming these latent stabilizing compounds.
The reaction may be carried out in the presence of a solvent, such as
relatively inert organics, e.g., hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, chlorinated
hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride or chloroform, or ethers such as tetrahydrofuran
or dibutyl ether, with or without a solvent. Alternatively, the reagent(s) may be employed
as the solvent. The reaction temperature is usually between room temperature and about
150°C, for example, up to the boiling point of the solvent when a solvent is used.
Further preferred embodiments may include any combination of the
parameters mentioned above.
Methods of Preparation
The triazines and pyrimidines having di-ortho hydrocarbyl substituted
aromatic rings of the invention can be prepared by a Friedel-Crafts reaction of an aromatic
moiety (XXX) with a halogen substituted triazine or pyrimidme-compound (XXXI)
wherein each Z is independently nitrogen or methine, and at least two Z are nitrogen, as
illustrated in Scheme I.
Scheme I


wherein the term "Lewis acid," as used herein, means any electron pair acceptor as is well
known to those or ordinary skill in the art. Lewis acids include, but are not limited to,
aluminum halides, alkylaluminum halides, boron halides, tin halides, titaniurn halides, lead
halides, zinc halides, iron halides, gallium halides, arsenic halide, copper halides, cadmium
halides, mercury halides, antimony halides, and the like. Preferred Lewis acids include
aluminum trichloride, aluminum tribromide, trimethylaluminum, boron trifluoride, boron
trichloride, zinc dichloride, titanium tetrachloride, tin dichloride, tin tetrachloride, or a
mixture thereof; and Hal is bromine, chlorine, or iodine; and R1 and R2 are defined above
and are attached to the aromatic moiety ortho to each other. Preferably, the Lewis acidis
used with a promotor such as disclosed in WQ 00/29392, the contents of which are
expressly incorporated herein by reference thereto.
In compound (XXXIII) L, X, R3, and R4 are as defined above. Substitution
of either L or X, or both for an alkyl group or hydroxy blocking group can be conducted
before or after the second step. One of ordinary skill in the art with little or no
experimentation can easily determine the conditions to substitute either L or X, or both.
The relative amounts of the reactants are as follows. The amount of
compounds of Formula (XXXI) should be an amount sufficient to react with the aromatic

compound of Formula (XXX) to produce compound of Formula (XXXII). The amount of
aromatic compound of Formula (XXX) is important to ensure that a sufficient amount of
aromatic compounds of Formula (XXXII) is synthesized without excessive amounts of
undesired side products such as trisaryl triazine or trisaryl pyrimidine. Moreover, excess
amounts of aromatic compounds can lead to undesired product distributions enriched in
mono- and tris-aryl triazines, or mono- and tris-aryl pyrimidines thus, making product
separation and purification difficult and resource consuming.
The amount of aromatic compounds (XXX) should be an amount sufficient
to synthesize the 2-halo-4,6-bisaryl-l,3,5-triazine or 2-halo-4,6-bisarylpyrimidine.
Preferably, there should be between about 1 to about 5 mol equivalents of aromatic
compound of Formula (XXX) to compound of Formula (XXXI). Preferably, there should
be between about 0.5 to about 2.5 mol equivalents of compound of Formula (XXXIII) to
compounds of Formula (XXXII).
The amount of Lewis acid, used in the reaction should be an amount
sufficient to transform the 2,4,6-trihalo-l,3,5-triazine or 2,4,6-trihalo-pyrimidine to the
preferred 2-halo-4,6-bisaryl-1,3,5-triazine or 2-halo-4,6 bisarylpyrimidine, respectively.
The amount of Lewis acid should be between about 0.5 to about 500 mol equivalents.
Preferably, the amount of Lewis acid should be between about 0.75 to about 10 mol
equivalents, and most preferably between about 1 to about 5 mol equivalents.
The reaction should run for a sufficient amount of time, at a sufficient
temperature and pressure to synthesize the desired triazine or pyrimidine compound. The
preferred reaction time for the synthesis of compounds of Formula (XXXII), i.e., the first
step, is between about 5 minutes and about 48 hours, more preferred between about 15
minutes and about 24 hours. The preferred reaction time for the synthesis of compounds of
Formula.(II), i.e,the second step, is between about 10 minutes and-about 24 hours, more
preferably time is between about 30 minutes and about 12 hours. The reaction pressure is
not critical and can be about 1 atm or higher if desired. Preferably, the reaction is carried
out under an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon. One of ordinary skill in the art with little
or no experimentation can readily determine the optimum temperature to obtain the desired
product. Representative reaction conditions for preparing the compounds of formula (II)
are provided in the examples.

The reaction may be a step-wise process or a one-step process. As used
herein, the term "step-wise" means a reaction sequence wherein a series of reactions are
conducted, the first reaction producing compounds of Formula (XXXII) and being carried
out to between about 50% to about 100% completion prior to addition of a compound of
Formula (XXXIII) to produce compounds of Formula (II). Preferably the reaction is
carried out to between about 70% to about 100% completion prior to addition of compound
of Formula (XXXIII), and more preferably to between about 75% to about 100%
completion.
The step-wise process comprises mixing at least one Lewis acid, and
compounds of Formula (XXXI) with one or more of the desired aromatic compounds of
Formula (XXX), preferably until the reaction is between about 70% to about 100%
completed. Thereafter, the product of Formula (XXXII) is isolated and purified. The
aromatic compound of Formula (XXXIII) is then added to the purified product of Formula
(XXXII) along with a Lewis acid to synthesize the compounds of Formula (II). The
step-wise sequence allows for the isolation, purification, and storage of compounds of
Formula (XXXII) prior to subsequent reaction with aromatic compounds of Formula
(XXXIII).
Compounds of the formula (XXXII) are novel intermediates that can be
used to prepare the triazine or pyrirmidine compounds of the invention. Thus, the present
invention is also directed to the 2-halo-4,6-bisaryl-1,3,5-triazine and
2-halo-4,6-bisarylpyrimidine of structure (XXXII) wherein the aryl groups have two
hydrocarbyl groups that are ortho to each other.
To synthesize compounds of Formula (II) the preferred addition time of the
aromatic compound of Formula (XXXIII) to the reaction mixture is between about 5
minutes to about 10-hours, more preferred addition time is between about 10 minutes to
about 5 hours, and most preferred addition time is between about 15 minutes to about 2
hours.
The Lewis acid should be present in amounts sufficient to react with the
number of halogens being substituted on compounds of Formula (XXXI). A range of
between about 1 to about 5 mol equivalents of Lewis acid can be used. The preferred
Lewis acid is aluminum chloride. A preferred amount of Lewis acid is between about 2 to
about 4 mol equivalents to halo-triazine or halo-pyrimidine.

The synthesis of compounds of Formula (III), (IV), or (V) can be performed
by methods commonly known in the art. One of ordinary skill in the art with little or no
experimentation can determine the appropriate conditions to obtain the polymer product
desired.
Other useful methods of synthesis of substituted triazines are disclosed in
the following sources: U.S. Patent Nos. 5,106,972, 5,438,138, 5,478,935, WO 96/28431,
EP 649841, EP 648756, EP 577559, Brunetti, H; Luethi, C; Helv. Chemica Acta, 55
(1972) pp. 1566-1595; Tanimoto, S.; Yamagata, M. Senryo to Yakahin, 40 (1995) pp
339ff; EP 779,280A1; and Japanese Patent Kokai Tokkyo Koho 9,059,263. Preferably the
triazines are synthesized by the method disclosed in WO 00/29392 the contents of which
are incorporated herein by reference thereto.
Uses of the pyrimidines and triazines having aromatic groups substituted
with at two hydrocarbyl groups that are ortho to each other
As indicated earlier, the novel ortho di-hydrocarbyl phenyl substituted
pyrimidines and triazines of the present invention are particularly useful as ultraviolet light
absorber agents for stabilizing a wide variety of materials including, for example, various
polymers (both crosslinked and thermoplastic), photographic materials, and dye solutions
for textile materials, as well as in ultraviolet light screening agents (such as sunscreens).
The novel triazines and pyrimidines of the present invention, having hydrocarbyl groups in
the benzocyclic ring that are ortho to each other, can be incorporated into such material in
any one of a variety of conventional manners, including for example, physical mixing or
blending, optionally, with chemical bonding to the material (typically to a polymer), as a
component in a light stabilizing composition such as a coating or solution, or as a
component in a UV screening composition such as a sunscreen composition.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the pyrimidines and triazines of
the present invention can be employed to stabilize materials which are subject to
degradation by ultraviolet radiation by incorporating the presently claimed compounds into
polymeric materials, either chemically or physically. Non-limiting examples of polymeric
materials that may be so stabilized are polyolefins; polyesters; polyethers; polyketones;
polyamides; natural and synthetic rubbers; polyurethanes; polystyrenes; high-impact

polystyrenes; polyacrylates; polymethacrylates; polyacetals; polyacrylonitriles;
polybutadienes; polystyrenes; ABS; SAN (styrene acrylonitrile); ASA (acrylate styrene
acrylonitrile); cellulosic acetate butyrate; cellulosic polymers; polyimides;
polyamideimides; polyetherimides; polyphenylsulfides; PPO; polysulfones;
polyethersulfones; polyvinylchlorides; polycarbonates; polyketones; aliphatic polyketones;
thermoplastic TPO's; aminoresin crosslinked polyacrylates and polyesters; polyisocyanate
crosslinked polyesters and polyacrylates; phenol/formaldehyde, urea/formaldehyde, and
melarnine/formaldehyde resins; drying and non-drying alkyd resins; alkyd resins; polyester
resins; acrylate resins cross-linked with melamine resins, urea resins, isocyanates,
isocyanurates, carbamates, and epoxy resins; cross-linked epoxy resins derived from
aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic and aromatic glycidyl compounds which are
cross-linked with anhydrides or amines; polysiloxanes; Michael addition polymers of
amines or blocked amines with activated unsaturated and methylene compounds, ketimines
with activated unsaturated and methylene compounds, polyketimines in combination with
unsaturated acrylic polyacetoacetate resins, and polyketimines in combination with
unsaturated acrylic resins; radiation curable compositions; epoxymelamine resins; organic
dyes; cosmetic products; cellulose-based paper formulations; photographic film paper; ink;
and blends thereof.
The degradable polymer may be any polymer requiring stabilization, and
includes homopolymers and copolymers of various monomers. It may be an addition
polymer, a condensation polymer, a graft polymer, a thermosetting polymer, a
photopolymer, a polymer blend, or a thermoplastic polymer. It may be in the form of a
fiber, a polymer film such as polypropylene films, a thin film such a solvent based coating,
a water-based coating, a stoving lacquer, a powder coating, a gel coat, and the like, or it
may be in the form of a molded article. Examples of degradable polymers which can be
stabilized include, but are not limited to:
1. Homo- and copolymers of monoolefins and diolefins including but not limited to
ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, butene, methylpentene, hexene, heptene, octene,
isoprene, butadiene, hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene, ethylidene and
cycloolefins such as cyclopentene and norbornene; for example,
polyethylenes (which optionally can be crosslinked) such as high density
polyethylene (HDPE), high density and high molecular weight polyethylene

(HDPE-HMW), high density and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene
(HDPE-UHMW), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), low density
polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and
branched low density polyethylene (BLDPE).
2. Copolymers of one or more monoolefins and/or diolefins with carbon monoxide and/or
with other vinyl monomers, including limited acrylic and methacrylic acid,
acrylates and methacrylates, acrylamides, acrylonitriles, styrenes, vinyl acetate
(such as ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers), vinyl halides, vinylidene halides,
maleic anhydride and allyl monomers such as allyl alcohol, allyl amine ally glycidyl
ether and derivatives thereof.
3. Hydrocarbon resins (such as C5-C9) including hydrogenated modifications thereof and
mixtures of polyalkylenes and starch.
4. Homo- and copolymers of styrenes such as styrene, p-methylstyrene and
?—methylstyrene.
5. Copolymers of one or more styrenes with other vinyl monomers such as olefins and
diolefins (e.g., ethylene, isoprene and/or butadiene), acrylic and methacrylic acid,
acrylates and methacrylates, acrylamides, acrylonitriles, vinyl acetate (such as
ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers), vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, maleic
anhydride and allyl compounds such as allyl alcohol, allyl amine allyl glycidyl ether
and derivatives thereof.
6. Graft copolymers of styrenes on polybutadienes, polybutadiene/styrene copolymers and
polybutadiene/acrylonitrile copolymers; styrene (or ?-methylstyrene) and
acrylonitrile (or methacrylonitrile) on polybutadiene; styrene and maleic anhydride
on polybutadiene; styrene, acrylonitrile and maleic anhydride or maleimide on
polybutadiene; styrene and acrylonitrile on ethylene/propylene/diene copolymers;
styrene and acrylonitrile on polyalkyl acrylates or methacrylates; and styrene and
acrylonitrile on acrylate/butadiene copolymers.
7. Halogen-containing polymers such as polychloroprene; chlorinated rubbers; chlorinated
and brominated isobutylene/isoprene copolymers; chlorinated or sulfochlorinated
polyethylene; copolymers of ethylene and chlorinated ethylene; epichlorohydrin
polymers and copolymers; and polymers and copolymers of halogen-containing

vinyl compounds such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride and/or
vinylidene fluoride and other vinyl monomers.
8. Homo- and copolymers derived from ?,?-unsaturated acids and derivatives thereof such
as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylates, methacrylates, acrylamides and
acrylonitriles.
9. Copolymers of the monomers mentioned in (8) with other unsaturated monomers such
as olefins and diolefins (e.g., butadiene), styrenes, vinyl halides, maleic anhydride
and allyl monomer such as allyl alcohol, allyl amine, allyl glycidyl ether and
derivatives thereof.
10. Homo- and copolymers derived from unsaturated alcohols and amines or the acyl
derivatives or acetals thereof, such as vinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate, vinyl stearate,
vinyl benzoate, vinyl maleate, vinyl butyral, allyl alcohol, allyl amine, allyl glycidyl
ether, allyl phthalate and allyl melamine; as well as copolymers of such monomers
with other ethylenically unsaturated monomers mentioned above.
For the preceding groups 1-10 of polymers, the present invention further encompasses
these polymers as prepared by metallocene catalysts.
11. Homo- and copolymers of cyclic ethers such as alkylene glycols and alkylene oxides,
as well as copolymers with bisglycidyl ethers.
12.Polyacetals such as polyoxymethylene and those polyoxymethylenes which contain
ethylene oxide as a comonomer; and polyoxymethylenes modified with
thermoplastic polyurethanes, acrylates and/or MBS.
13. Polyphenylene oxides and sulfides.
14. Polyurethanes derived from hydroxy-functional components such as polyhydric
alcohols, polyethers, polyesters, polyacrylics and/or polybutadienes on the one
hand, and aliphatic and/or aromatic isocyanates on the other, as well as precursors
thereof.
15. Polyamides and copolyamides derived from diamines, dicarboxylic acids and/or
aminocarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactams, such as polyamide 4,
polyamide 6, polyamide 6/6, polyamide 6/10, polyamide 6/9, polyamide 6/12,
polyamide 4/6, polyamide 12/12, polyamide 11 and polyamide 12; aromatic
polyamides starting from m-xylene diamine and adipic acid; polyamides prepared
from hexamethylene diamine and isophthalic and/or terephthalic acid and with or

without an elastomer as a modifier, for example,
poly-2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene terephthalamide or poly-m-phenylene
isophthalamide; block copolymers of the aforementioned polyamides with
polyolefins, olefin copolymer, ionomers, chemically bonded or grafted elastomers,
or polyethers such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or
polytetramethylene glycol; and polyamides condensed during processing (RIM
polyamide systems).
16. Polyureas, polyimides, polyamide-imides, polyetherimides, polyesterimides,
polyhydantoins and polybenzimidazoles.
17. Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids, diols and/or hydroxycarboxylic acids or the
corresponding lactones, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene
terephthalate, poly-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane terephthalate and
polyhydroxybenzoates, as well as block copolyether esters derived from hydroxyl-
terminated ethers; PETG; PEN; PTT; and also polyesters modified with
polycarbonate or MBS.
18. Polycarbonates and polyester carbonates.
19. Polysulfones, polyether sulfones and polyether ketones.
20. Crosslinked polymers derived from aldehydes condensation resins such as
phenol/formaldehyde resins, urea/formaldehyde resins and melamine/formaldehyde
resins.
21. Drying and non-drying alkyd resins.
22. Unsaturated polyester resins derived from copolyesters of saturated and unsaturated
dicarboxylic acids with polyhydric alcohols and vinyl compounds as crosslinking
agents and also halogen-containing modifications thereof.
23. Crosslinkable acrylic resins derived from substituted acrylates such as epoxy acrylates,
hydroxy acrylates, isocyanato acrylates, urethane acrylates or polyester acrylates.
24. Alkyd resins, polyester resins and acrylate resins crosslinked with melamine resins,
urea resins, isocyanates, isocyanurates, carbamates or epoxy resins.
25. Crosslinked epoxy resins derived from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic and/or
aromatic glycidyl compounds such as bisphenol A and bisphenol F, which arc
crosslinked with hardeners such as anhydrides or amines.

26. Natural polymers such as cellulose, rubber, gelatin and chemically modified
homologous derivatives thereof, including cellulose acetates, cellulose propionates
and cellulose butyrates, or the cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose, as well as
rosins and their derivatives.
27. Polysiloxanes.
28. Michael addition polymers of amines or blocked amines (e.g., ketimines) with
activated unsaturated and/or methylene compounds such as acrylates and
methacrylates, maleates and acetoacetates.
29. Mixtures or blends of any of the above, such as PP/EPDM, polyamide/EPDM or ABS,
PVC/EVA, PVC/ABS, PVC/MBS, PC/ABS, PBTP/ABS, PC/ASA, PC/PBT,
PVC/CPE, PVC/acrylate, POM/thermoplastic PUR, PC/thermoplastic
polyurethane, POM/acrylate, POM/MBS, PPO/HIPS, PPO/PA6.6 and copolymers,
PA/HDPE, PP/HDPE, PP/LDPE, LDPE/HDPE, LDPE/EVA, LDPE/EAA, PA/PP,
PA/PPO, PBT/PC/ABS, PBT/PET/PC and the like.
30. Polyketimines in combination with unsaturated acrylic polyacetoacetate resins or with
unsaturated acrylic resins including urethane acrylates, polyether acrylates, vinyl or
acryl copolymers with pendant unsaturated groups and acrylated melamines.
31. Radiation curable compositions containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers or
oligomers and a polyunsaturated aliphatic oligomer.
32. Epoxymelamine resins such as light-stable epoxy resins cross-linked by an epoxy
functional coetherified high solids melamine resin.
Other materials which can be stabilized include, for example:
33. Naturally occurring and synthetic organic materials which may be mixtures of
compounds, including mineral oils, animal and vegetable fats, oils and waxes, or
oils, fats or waxes based on synthetic esters (eg., phthalates, adipates, phosphates
or trimellitates) and also mixtures of synthetic esters with mineral oils in any ratio.
34. Aqueous emulsions of natural or synthetic rubber such as natural latex or lattices of
carboxylated styrene/butadiene copolymers.
35. Organic dyes such as azo dyes (diazo, triazo and polyazo), anthraquinones,
benzodifuranones, polycyclic aromatic carbonyl dyes, indigoid dyes, polymethines,
styryl dyes, di- and triaryl carbonium dyes, phthalocyanines, quinophthalones,

sulfur dyes, nitro and nitroso dyes, stilbene dyes, formazan dyes, quinacridones,
carbazoles and perylene tetracarboxylic diimides.
36. Cosmetic products, such as skin lotions, collagen creams, sunscreen, facial make-up,
etc., comprising synthetic materials such as antioxidants, preservatives, lipids,
solvents, surfactants, colorants, antiperspirants, skin conditioners, moisturizers etc.;
as well as natural products such as collagen, proteins, mink oil, olive oil, coconut
oil, carnauba wax, beeswax, lanolin, cocoa butter, xanthan gum, aloe, etc.
37. Cellulose-based paper formulations for use, e.g., in newsprint, cardboard, posters,
packaging, labels, stationery, book and magazine paper, bond typing paper, multipurpose
and office paper, computer paper, xerographic paper, laser and ink-jet
printer paper, offset paper, currency paper, etc.
38. Photographic film paper.
39. Ink.
Among polymeric compounds, preference is given to the polycarbonates,
polyesters, polyamides, polyacetals, polyphenylene oxides, and polyphenylene sulfides. In
particular the novel triazines and pyrimidines of the invention can be used to stabilize
aliphatic polyamides, polyurethanes, and polycarbonates.
The novel triazines and pyrimidines of the invention can also be used with
aliphatic polyamide polymers. An "aliphatic polyamide" is a polyamide characterized by
the presence of recurring carbonamide groups as an integral part of the polymer chain
whichare separated from one another by at least two aliphatic carbon atoms. Illustrative of
these polyamides are those having recurring monomelic units represented by the general
formula:
-NHC(O)RC(0)NHR1 - or -NH-R-C(O)
or a combination hereof in which R and R1 are the same or different and are alkylene
groups of at least about two carbon atoms, preferably alkylene having from about 2 to
about 12 carbon atoms. Exemplary of such polyamides are polyamides formed by the
reaction of diamines and diacids such as poly (tetramethylene adipamide)(nylon 4,6),
poly(hexamethylene adipamide) (nylon 6,6), poly (hexamcthylene azelamide) (nylon 6,9),
poly(hexamethylene sebacamide) (nylon 6,10), poly(heptamethylene pimelamide) (nylon

8,8), poly(nonamethylene azelamide) (nylon 9,9), poly(decamethylene azelamide) (nylon
10,9), and the like. Also illustrative of useful aliphatic polyamides are those formed by
polymerization of amino acids and derivatives thereof, as for example lactams. Illustrative
of these useful polyamides are poly(4-aminobutyric acid) (nylon 4), poly(6-aminohexanoic
acid) (nylon 6), poly(7-aminoheptanoic acid) (nylon 7), poly(8-aminoocatanoic acid)
(nylon 8), poly(9aminononanoic acid) (nylon 9), poly(10-aminodecanoic acid) (nylon 10),
poly(11-aminoundecanoic acid) (nylon 11), poly(12-aminododecanoic acid) (nylon 12),
and the like. Blends of two or more aliphatic polyamides may also be employed.
Copolymers formed from any combination of the recurring units of the
above referenced aliphatic polyamides can be used. By way of illustration and not
limitation, such aliphatic polyamide copolymers include caprolactam/hexamethylene
adipamide copolymer (nylon 676,6), hexamethylene adipamide/caprolactam copolymer
(nylon 6, 6/6), hexamethylene adipamide/hexamemylene-azelamide copolymer (nylon
6,6/6,9), and copolymers formed from recurring units of the above referenced aliphatic
polyamides with aliphatic/aromatic polyamide recurring units may also be used. Examples
of such copplyamides are nylon 6/6T; nylon 6,6/6, T; nylon 6/10T; nylon 6/12T; nylon
6,10/6,T etc.
Preferred aliphatic polyamides for use in-the practice of this invention are
poly(caprolactam), poly(7-aminoheptanic acid), poly(tetramethylene adipamide),
poly(hexamethylene adipamide), and mixtures thereof. The particularly preferred aliphatic
polyamides are poly(caprolatam), poly(hexamethylene adipamide), poly(tetramethylene
adipamide), and mixtures thereof.
Aliphatic polyamides useful in the practice of this invention may be
obtained from commercial sources or prepared in accordance with known preparatory
techniques. For example, polycaprolactam may be obtained from Honeywell Inc. of
Morristown, NJ and poly(hexamethylene adipamide) may be obtained from E.I. DuPont De
Nemours and Company Inc. of Wilmington, DE.
The number average molecular weight of the aliphatic polyamide may vary
widely. Usually, the aliphatic polyamide is of film forming molecular weight that is
sufficiently high to form a free standing film and sufficiently low to allow melt processing
of the blend into a film. Such number average molecular weights are well known to those
of skill in the film art and are usually at least about 5,000 as determined by the formic acid

viscosity method. In this method, a solution of 9.2 wt. concentration of aliphatic
polyamide in 90% formic acid at 25°C is used. In the preferred embodiments of the
invention, the number average molecular weight of the aliphatic polyamide is from about
5,000 to about 1,000,000 and in the particularly preferred embodiments is from about
10,000 to about 100,000. Amongst the particularly preferred embodiments, most preferred
are those in which the molecular weight of the aliphatic polyamide is from about 20,000 to
about 40,000.
Polyurethane (PUR) elastomer products ("spandex") can be stabilized
against discoloration and loss of elasticity during UV light exposure with combinations of
UV absorbers according to the invention and hindered amine light stabilizers. Spandex
fibers is a PUR elastomer product, which requires very specific UV absorber and hindered
amine light stabilizers properties in order to achieve optimum performance. UV absorbers
of the triazine class of mis invention can be combined with polymeric hindered amine light
stabilizers (HALS) to provide outstanding performance in achieving the desired properties
for the Spandex fiber applications.
The triazine UV absorber of the invention, used alone or in combination
with HALS provides the following properties in the Spandex fiber application: (1) low
color contribution at typical use levels in the range of about 0.5-2.0%; (2) sufficient MW,
thermal stability and low volatility for fiber processing and thermal exposure conditions;
(3) high compatibility and permanence; (4) prevent discoloration and loss of elasticity
during exposure to UV light energy; (5) low extraction by water and dry cleaning solvents;
(6) low color development during exposure to atmospheric pollutants, NOx, SOx,
hydrocarbons, etc.; (7) low interaction with sea water and pool chemicals; (8) low
interaction and color development with typical phenolic antioxidants used for the thermal
stabilization of Spandex fibers; and (9) low interaction with copper based antioxidant
systems used in Nylon fibers for Nylon/Spandex fabrics.
The triazine UV absorber with or without the polymeric HALS provides
outstanding stabilization with minimum negative effect on secondary performance
properties, such as low color development during NOx exposure and low interaction with
copper based antioxidant systems using in Nylon fibers.

As noted above, any of the triazine compounds disclosed herein can be used
to impart one or more of the properties described above to Spandex fibers when added
thereto in a stabilization effective amount.
Preferably, these triazine compounds are added in combination with
polymeric HALS. The polymeric HALS is preferably poly[(6-morpholino-s-triazine-2,4-
diyl)[2,2,6,6,-tetramemyl-4-pipridyl)imino]-hexamethylene[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-
piperidyl)imino]]. Most preferably, the polymeric HALS is the methylated (M) version of
the above HALS, which is sold by Cytec Industries, Inc. of West Paterson, N.J. as
CYASORB®UV-3529 light stabilizer. Other polymeric HALS disclosed in U.S. Patent
4,331,586 are also suitable.
Spandex fibers are made from a polyurethane (PUR) prepolymer prepared
from a diisocyanate and a glycol. There are four basic processes used to convert the PUR
prepolymer into the fiber product These processes are Solution Dry Spinning, Solution
Wet Spinning, Melt Extrusion, and Reaction Spinning. The above UV stabilizer alone or
in combination with HALS would be suitable for use in any or all four processes.
Spandex fibers may contain a processing antioxidant system, such as a
phenolic antioxidant, or a phenolic/phosphite antioxidant combination. In addition,
pigments, such as TiO2 are commonly used in the fiber products.
The triazine UV absorber alone or with M-HALS can be dissolved into
DMF or DMAC and added to the PUR prepolymer solution prior to solution fiber spinning
processes. Also, the combination can be extrusion compounded into the PUR compound
used in the melt spinning process.
Preferred polycarbonates are understood to be those polymers the
constitutional repeating unit of which corresponds to the formula:

wherein A is a divalent phenolic radical. Examples of A are given inter alia in U.S. Pat.
No. 4,960,863 and DE-A-3 922,496. A can be derived, for example, from hydroquinone,
resorcinol, dihydroxybiphenylene, or bisphenols in the broadest sense of the term, such as
bis(hydroxyphenyl)alkanes, cycloalkanes, sulfides, ethers, ketones, sulfones, sulfoxides,

?,?'-bis(hydroxyphenyl)-diisopropylbenzenes, for example the compounds 2,2-bis(4-
hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane, 2,2-bis(3,5-
dichIoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane, or from the
compounds of the formula:





In one embodiment, the preferred resins are polycarbonates based on
dihydric phenols such as 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A), 2,4-bis (4-
hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutane, 1,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-cyclohexane, 2,2-bis-(3-
chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol, and 1,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
3,3,5 -trimethylcyclohexane.
Also preferred are polycarbonate copolymers incorporating two or more
phenols, branched polycarbonates wherein one or more polyfunctional aromatic
compounds is reacted with the dihydric phenol(s) and carbonate precursor, and polymer
blends of which polycarbonate comprises a significant portion of the blend.
U.S. Patent No. 5,288,788 describes polycarbonates and polyester
carbonates, especially aromatic polycarbonates, for example those based on 2,2-bis(4-
hydroxyphenyl)propane or 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane.
The novel pyrimidines and triazines of the present invention can also be
employed in multilayer systems. In such systems, a polymer composition having from
about 0.1 to 20 percent by weight and preferably having a relatively high content of the
novel pyrimidines and triazines of the invention, for example, from about 5 to 15 percent
by weight, is applied in a thin film (typically between about 5 to 500 ?m and preferably
from about 10 to 100 ?m thick) to a shaped article made from a polymer containing little or
no ultraviolet stabilizers. Such composition may be applied at the same time as the shaping
of the base structure, for example by coextrusion. Alternatively, application can also be
made to the ready-formed base structure, for example by lamination with a film or by
coating with a solution. The outer layer or layers of the finished article have the function
of a UV filter, which protects the interior of the article from UV light. The outer layer
preferably contains about 0.1 to 20 percent, preferably about 1 to 15 percent and more
preferably about 2 to 10 percent by weight of the outer layer composition, of at least one of
the pyrimidines and triazines of the present invention.
British Patent Application No. 2,290,745 describes a number of methods
that have been developed to concentrate UV absorbers near or at the surface of polymeric
materials. These include surface impregnation (See, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 3,309,220,
3,043,709,4,481,664 and 4,937,026) and coating a plastic article with solutions containing
thermoplastic resins and UV absorbers (See, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 4,668,588 and
4,353,965). Both techniques suffer from drawbacks including requiring additional

processing steps (i.e. applying, drying or curing), and encounter difficulties associated with
the handling of large processed articles. An additional drawback, particularly relevant to
polycarbonate sheet production, is the detrimental effect such post addition treatment
would have on the surface of the polymeric substrate.
As described in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,445,872, application of surface layers
via coextrusion takes place in a known manner in known coextrusion equipment as taught
in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,487,505 and 3,557,265. Coextrusion is a well recognized method of
producing laminated thermoplastic materials by simultaneously extruding various numbers
of layers which form a single composite material. U.S. Patent No. 4,540,623 describes
coextruded materials of at least forty layers. Other methods produce as few as two or three
different layers.
The novel triazines and pyrimidines of the invention may be incorporated
into the thermoplastics of the surfaces layer by standard methods such as dry mixing the
additives with granular resin prior to extruding. The layer including the triazines and
pyrimidines of the invention may be applied to one or both sides of the thermoplastic
article.
Laminated thermoplastic articles which contain additional layers such as a
water resistant layeras found in U.S. Pat. No. 4;992,322 are also part of the present
invention.
The core layer and the coating layer may be the same or different
thermoplastic resin including polyesters, polyester carbonates, polyphenylene oxide,
polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polypropylene, polyethylene,polyacrylates,
polymethacrylates and copolymers and blends such as styrene and acrylonitrile on
polybutadiene and styrene with maleic anhydride, and mixtures (polyblends) of such
polymers with one another or with other polymers, for example with polyolefins,
polyacrylates, polydienes or other elastomers in the form of impact strength modifiers.
The novel triazines and pyrimidines of the invention can also be chemically
bonded to substrates, such as polymers, thereby greatly reducing the migration of such UV
absorbers, e.g., out of the substrate or away from the substrate surface. The bonding
mechanism of the triazines of the present invention involves the formation of a bond
(chemical and/or co-valent) between a reactive or latent functionality attached to the

triazine or pyrimidine molecule, e.g., by a pendant vinyl or hydroxyl group, and the "host"
substrate, such as a polymer.
Incorporation of the triazines and pyrimidines of the invention can be
brought about by copolymerization, copolyaddition, copolycondensation, by reaction with a
polymer which carries suitable functional groups, or by grafting, in a manner as disclosed
in United States Patent Nos. 3,423,360 and 5,189,084 which are incorporated herein by
reference as if fully set forth.
Bonding of the triazines and pyrimidines of the invention can occur by
polymerization or copolymerization. In the case of the novel triazines of the present
invention comprising pendant vinyl groups, polymerization or copolymerization with at
least one vinyl monomer, e.g., (meth)acrylic acid, esters of (meth)acrylic acid such as
methyl acrylate, amides of (meth)acrylic acid, hydroxyethylacrylate, olefins, vinyl chloride,
styrene, butadiene, isoprene and acrylonitrile can be carried out to form homopolymers or
copolymers in which the vinyl group is incorporated into the backbone of the polymer.
Polymerization or copolymerization can be initiated by initiators, such as free radical,
anionic and cationic types, or by actinic radiation, such as UV, electron beam, x-rays and
gamma irradiation from a Co60 source, as is well known to those in the polymerization art.
Polymerization or copolymerization can be carried out in solution, in an emulsion, in a
dispersion, in the melt, or in the solid state as is well known to those in the polymerization
art.
Also, bonding of the triazines and pyrimidines of the invention can be
brought about by copolyaddition or copolycondensation. Such incorporation can be made
by addition during the synthesis of an addition polymer or copolymer or by condensation
during the synthesis of a condensation polymer or copolymer by methods known to those
skilled in the art. For example, compounds of the formulas (II) - (V) containing the
appropriate functional groups can be incorporated into polyesters, polyamides,
polyurethanes, epoxy resins, melamine resins, alkyd resins, phenolic resins, polyurethanes,
polycarbonates, polysiloxanes, polyacetals and polyanhydrides, to name but a few.
In addition, compounds of the formulas (II) - (V) can be bonded to a
monomeric component which is then incorporated into a polymer or copolymer, e.g., by the
free radical initiated addition or copolycondensation methods described above. Analogous
methods are disclosed in, for example, United States Patent No. 5,459,222 (incorporated by

reference herein for all purposes as if fully set forth) for the bonding of benzotriazole and
benzophenone stabilizers to diol precursors which are then incorporated by condensation
polymerization into polyurethanes and polyesters to impart UV stabilizing properties to
said polymers.
Alternately, the triazines and pyrimidines of the invention may also be
bonded to polymers by reaction with an oligomer and/or polymer which carries suitable
functional groups. For example, at least one triazine or primidine compound comprising a
vinyl pendant group can be added, optionally with at least one other vinyl monomer or
compound comprising a vinyl group, to unsaturated polyester resins, unsaturated
polybutadiene oligomers or unsaturated rubbers and then cured by actinic radiation or by a
free radical catalyst. Or, at least one triazine or pyrimidine compound comprising a
terminal functional group, such as hydroxyl or amido, may be reacted with a polymer
and/or oligomer such as polyesters, polyurethanes and polydiols with reactive end-groups,
partially hydrolyzed polyvinylacetate, epoxy resins, polysiloxanes, and polymers
comprising maleic anhydride, either in the main chain or as a side-chain; by methods
analogous to those well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Grafting is yet another way of bonding of the triazines and pyrimidines of
the invention to polymers and/or oligomers. Grafting may be carried out in solution, in the
melt, or in the solid state with the initiators or actinic radiation types discussed above for
polymerization when, for example, the novel triazines and pyrimidines of the invention
comprising pendant vinyl groups are used. Such substituted pyrimidines and triazines may
be grafted to saturated polymers, e.g., polyolefins and their copolymers such as
polyethylene, polypropylene and poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate), or to polymers comprising
unsaturated moieties, e.g., polybutadiene, polyisoprene, ethylene-propylene-(diene
monomer) terpolymers, and polystyrene and its copolymers.
The triazines and pyrimidines of the invention may be used in widely
varying amounts in such applications depending upon such things as the material to be
stabilized and the particular application. However, when employed as a stabilizing
additive for materials such as organic polymers, the substituted pyrimidines and triazines of
the invention are typically employed in amounts from about 0.01 to about 20% by weight,
preferably from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight, and most preferably from about 0.1 to
about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the material to be stabilized. In screening

applications such as sunscreening compositions, the triazines and pyrimidines are utilized
in the same relative amounts but based on the total weight of the screening agent.
The novel stabilizers of the present invention may also be employed in a
non-bondable capacity, for example, in the stabilization of thermoplastic polymers as set
forth in the many of the previously incorporated references. Examples of preferred
thermoplastic polymers are polyolefins and polymers comprising heteroatoms in the main
chain. Preferred thermoplastic polymers are thermoplastic polymers comprising nitrogen,
oxygen and/or sulphur, especially nitrogen or oxygen, in the main chain. Also of interest
are compositions in which the polymer is a polyolefin, for example polyethylene or
polypropylene.
Incorporation into the thermoplastic polymers can be carried out by addition
of the novel triazines and pyrimidines and any further additives by methods conventional in
the art. The incorporation can expediently be made before or during shaping, for example
by mixing the pulverulent components or by adding the stabilizer to the melt or solution of
the polymer, or by applying the dissolved or dispersed compounds to the polymer, with or
without subsequent evaporation of the solvent. Elastomers can also be stabilized as
lattices.
The novel mixtures can also be added to the polymers to be stabilized in the
form of a masterbatch or concentrate which comprises these compounds, for example, in a
concentration of from about 1 to about 50%, preferably from about 3 to about 25%, and
most preferably from about 5 to about 20% by weight of a polymeric resin.
The novel fixtures can expediently be incorporated into me polymeric
material by any number of methods, including those conventionally employed in the art,
including by, for example: a) as an emulsion or dispersion (for example to lattices or
emulsion polymers); (b) as a dry mix during mixing of additional components or polymer
mixtures; (c) by direct addition to the processing equipment (for example extruders,
internal mixers, etc.); or (d) as a solution or melt.
The stabilized polymer compositions obtained in this way can be converted
into shaped articles, for example fibers, films, tapes, sheets, sandwich boards, containers,
pipes, and other profiles, by any number of conventional methods, for example hot
pressing, spinning, extrusion, roto-molding, or injection molding. Therefore, the present

invention additionally relates to the use of the polymer composition according to the
invention for the production of a shaped article.
Depending upon their ultimate end use, the triazines and pyrimidines of the
invention may be combined with a variety of additives conventionally employed in the UV
stabilizing art. Examples of such additives include but are not limited to:
a. Antioxidants
(i) Alkylated monophenols such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol; 2-tert-butyl-4,6-
dimethylphenol;2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol;
2,6-di-tert-buryl-4-isobutylphenol;2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol;2-(a-
methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol; 2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol; 2,4,6-
tricyclohexylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol; nonylphenols which
are liner or branched in the side chains such as 2,6-di-nonyl-4-methylphenol; 2,4-
dimethyl-6-( 1 -methylundec-1 -yl)phenol; 2,4-dimethyl-6-( 1 -methylheptadec-1 -
yl)phenol; 2,4-dimethyl-6-(l-methyltridec-l-yl)phenol; and mixtures thereof.
(ii) Alkylthiomethylphenols such as 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol; 2,4-
djwtylmiomethyl-o^memylphen
dodecylthipmethyl-4-nonylphenol.
(iii) Hydroquinones and alkylated hydroquinones such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-
methoxyphenol; 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone; 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone; 2,6-
diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol; 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone; 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxyanisole; 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole; 3,S-di-tert-butyl-4-
bydroxyphenyl stearate; and bis(3i5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxypfeeByl)adipate.
(iv) Tocopherols such as cc-tocopherol, P-tocopherol, y-tocopherol, 6-tocopherol, and
mixtures thereof (vitamin E).
(v) Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers such as 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyM-methylphenol);
2,2,-thiobis(4-octylphenol);4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol);4,4'-
thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(3,6-di-sec-amylphenol); and 4,4*-
bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)disulfide.
(vi) Alkylidenebisphenols such as 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol); 2,2'-
methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol);2,2,-methylenebis[4-methyl-6-(a-
methylcyclohexyl)phenol];2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol);2,2'-
methylenebis(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol);2,2*-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol);

2,2'-ethylidenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol);2,2'-ethyIidenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-
isobutylphenol);2,2'-methylenebis[6-(a-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenoI]; 2,2'-
methylenebis[6-(a,a-dimethylbenzyI)-4-nonylphenol];4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-
tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol); 1, l-bis(5-tert-
butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane; 2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-
hydroxylbenzyl)-4-methylphenol; 1,1,3-tris(5-tert-butyJ-4-hydroxy-2-
methylphenyl)butane; 1,1 -bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-
dodecylmercaptobutane; ethylene glycol bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-
hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-
methylphenyl)dicyclopentadiene; bis[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-
6-tert-butyl-4-methy lphenyljterephthalate; 1,1 -bis(3,5-dimethy 1-2-
hydroxyphenyl)butane; 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-
bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-n-dodecylmercaptobutane; and
1,1,5,5-tetra(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)pentane.
(vii) O-, - and S-benzy1 compounds such as 3,5,3\5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-
dihydroxydibenzylether; octadeeyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbettz>imercaptoacetate;
tridecyt4-hydroxy*3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylniercaptoacetate; ttis(3,5-^=terti;butyl-4-
hydroxybenzyl)amine; bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-
dimethylbenzyl)dithioterephtbalate;bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl^hydroxybeiizyI)sulfide;
and isooctyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetate.
(viii) Hydroxybenzylate malonates such as dioctadeeyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-teit-butyl-2-
hydroxyben2yl>nalonate;dioctadccyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-
methylbenzyl)malonate; didodeeylmercaptoethyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxybenzyl)malonate; and bis[4-( 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-2,2-bis(3,5-
di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate.
(ix) Aromatic hydroxybenzyl compounds such as l,3»5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene; l,4-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-
2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene; and 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxybenzyl)phenol.
(x) Triazine compounds such as 2,4-bis(octylmercapto-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine; 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxyanilino)-l,3,5-triazine; 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-

hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine; 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di~tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-
1,3,5-triazine; l,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate; 1,3,5-
tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate;2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-
butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine; 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hexahydro-l,3,5-triazine;and l,3,5-tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-
4-hydroxybenzyI)isocyanurate.
(xi) Benzylphosphonates such as dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxybenzylphosphonate;diethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate;
dioctadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate; dioctadecyl-5-tert-
butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonate; and the calcium salt of the monoethyl
ester of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid.
(xii) Acylaminophenols such as 4-hydroxylauranilide; 4-hydroxystearanilide; and octyl
N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate.
(xiii) Esters of P-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or
pplyhydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol,
1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, emylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol,
tris(hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-miaundecanol,
3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane and 4-hydroxymethyl-
l-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.
(xiv) Esters of ?-{5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propidnic acid with mono- or
polyhydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-octanol i-octanol, octadecanol,
1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol,
thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol,
tris(hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol,
3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane and 4-hydroxymethyl-
1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.
(xv) Esters of ?-(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or
polyhydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-
hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol,
thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol,
tris(hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)-oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol,

3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane and 4-hydroxymethyl-
l-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.
(xvi) Esters of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid with mono- or polyhydric
alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-
nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene
glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)
isocyanurate, N,N'-bis-(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-
thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-
phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.
(xvii) Amides of ?-(3,5-di-tert-buryl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid such as N,N'-
bis(3,5-di-tert-buryl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamine; N,N'-
bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)trimethylenediamine; and N,N'-
bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazine.
(xviii) Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C).
(xix) Aminic antioxidants such as N,N'-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine; N,N'-di-sec-
butyl-p-phenylenediamine; N.N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine;
N,N'-bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine; N,N' -bis (1-metheptyl)-p-
phenylenediamine; N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine; N,N,-diphenyl-p-
phenylenediamine; N,N'-bis(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine; N-isopropyl-N'-
phenyl-p-phenylenediamine; N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine;
N-(1-methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine; N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-
phenylenediamine; 4-(p-toluenesulfonamoyl)diphenylamine; N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-
di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine; diphenylamine; allyldiphenylamine; 4-
isopropoxydiphenylamine; -phenyl-1 -naphthylamine; N-(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1 -
naphthylamine; N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine; octylated diphenylamine such as p,p'-
di-tert-octyldiphenylamine; 4-n-butylaminophenol; 4-butyrylaminophenol; 4-
nonanoylaminophenol; 4-dodecanoylaminophenol; 4-octadecanoylaminophenol;
bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine;2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylaminomethylphenol; 2,4'-
diaminophenylmethane;4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane;N,N,N',N,-tetramethyl-4,4'-
diaminodiphenylmethane; 1,2-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]ethane; 1,2-
bis(phenylamino)propane; (o-tolyl)biguanide; bis[4-(1', 3'-
dimethylbutyl)phenyl]amine; tert-octylated N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine; a mixture

of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl/tert-octyldiphenylamines, a mixture of mono-
and dialkylated nonyldiphenylamines; a mixture of mono- and dialkylated
dodecyldiphenylamines; a mixture of mono- and dialkylated
isopropyl/isohexyldiphenylamines, a mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-
butyldiphenylamines; 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazine;
phenothiazine; a mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl/tert-octyl
phenothiazines; a mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-octylphenothiazines: N-
allylphenothiazine; N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene; N,N-bis(2,2,6,6-
tetramethylpiperid-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine; bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperid-4-
yl)sebacate; 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-one; and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-
ol.
b. UV-absorbers and light stabilizers
(i) 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles such as 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-
benzotriazole;2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole; 2-(5'-tert-butyl-
2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole; 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-( 1,1,3,3-
tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole;2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'hydroxyphenyl)-5-
chlorobenzotriazole;2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-
benzotriazole; 2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriazole; 2-(2'-
hydroxy-4-octoxyphenyl)benzotriazole;2-(3',5'-di-tert-amyl-2'-
hydroxphenyl)benzotriazole; 2-(3',5'-bis(?,?-dimethylbenzyl)-2,-hydroxyphenyl)-
benzotriazole; a mixture of 2-(3,-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-
ocryloxycarbonylemyl)phenyl)-5-chloro-benzotrizole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-
ethylhexyloxy)-carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-
butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-
tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-
butyl-2,-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-
5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2,-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-
dodecyl-2'-hydroxy-5,-methylphenyl)benzotriazole and 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-
5'-(2-isooctyloxycarbonylethyl)phenylbenzotriazole; 2,2-methylenebis[4-(l,1,3,3-
tetramethylbutyl)-6-benzotriazol-2-ylphenol]; the transesterification product of 2-
[3'-tert-butyl-5,-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]benzotriazole with

polyethylene glycol 300; and [R-CH2CH-COO(CH2)3]2 B where R = 3'-tert-butyl -4'-
hydroxy-5'-2H-benzotriazol-2-ylphenyl.
(ii) 2-Hydroxybenzophenones, for example the 4-hydroxy, 4-methoxy, 4-octoxy, 4-
decyloxy, 4-dodecyloxy, 4-benzyloxy. 4,2',4'-trihydroxy and 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-
dimethoxy derivative.
(iii) Esters of substituted and unsubstituted benzoic acids such as 4-tert-butyl-phenyl
salicylate; phenyl salicylate; octylphenyl salicylate; dibenzoyl resorcinol; bis(4-tert-
butylbenzoyl) resorcinol; benzoyl resorcinol; 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-
butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate; hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate; octadecyl
3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate; and 2-methyl-4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-
tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.
(iv) Acrylates such as ethyl ?-cyano-?,?-diphenylacrylate; isooctyl ?-cyano-?,?-
diphenylacrylate; methyl ?-carbomethoxycinnamate; methyl ?-cyano-?-methyl-p-
methoxycinnamate; butyl ?-cyano-?-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate; methyl ?-
carbomethoxy-p-methoxycinnamate; and N-(?-carbomethoxy-?-cyanovinyl)-2-
methylindoline.
(v) Nickel compounds such as nickel complexes of 2,2,-thio-bis-[4-( 1,1,3,3-
, tetramethylbutyl)phenol], including the 1:1 or 1:2 complex, with or without
additional ligands such as n-butylamine, triethanolamine or N-
cyclohexyldiethanolamine; nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate; nickel salts of monoalkyl
esters including the methyl or ethyl ester of 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-
butylbenzylphosphonic acid; nickel complexes of ketoximes including 2-hydroxy-
4-methylphenyl undecyl ketoxime; and nickel complexes of 1-phenyl-4-lauroyl-5-
hydroxypyrazole, with or without additional ligands.
(vi) Sterically hindered amines as well as the N derivatives thereof (e.g., N-alkyl, N-
hydroxy, N-alkoxy and N-acyl), such as bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)
sebacate; bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)succinate; bis( 1,2,2,6,6-
pentamethylpiperidin-4-y l)sebacate; bis( 1 -octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-
yl)sebacate; bis(l,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) n-butyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxybenzylmalonate; the condensate of l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-
4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid; the condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-
tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-

dichloro- 1,3,5-triazine; tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) nitrilotriacetate;
tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)- 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate; 1,1'-
(1,2-ethanediyl)bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazinone); 4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-
tetramethylpiperidine; 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine; bis(1,2,2,6,6-
pentamethylpiperidyl)-2-n-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl)malonate;3-
n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dione; bis(1-octyloxy-
2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)sebacate; bis( 1 -octyloxy-2,2,6,6-
tetramethylpiperidyl)succinate; the condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-
tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-
1,3,5-triazine; the condensate of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-
tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane; the
condensate of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-
1,3,5-triazine and l,2-bis-(3- aminopropylamino)ethane; 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-
7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione; 3-dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-
tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidin-2,5-dione; 3-dodecyl-1 -(1-ethanoyl-2,2,6,6-
tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidin-2,5-dione; 3-dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-
pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione; a mixture of 4-hexadecyloxy- and
4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine; the condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-
tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-
dichloro-l,3,5-triazine; the condensate of l,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane,
2,4,6-trichloro-l,3,5-triazine and 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (CAS
Reg. No. [136504-96-6]); 2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-l-oxa-3,8-ditza-4-
oxospiro[4.5]decane; oxo-piperanzinyl-triazines or so-called PIP-T HALS, e.g.,
GOODRITE® 3034,3150 and 3159 and similar materials disclosed in US5071981;
photobondable HALS such as SANDUVOR® PR-31 and PR-32 (Clariant Corp.)
and similar materials disclosed in GB-A-2269819; and the reaction product of
7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1 -oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4.5]decane and
epichlorohydrin. See also generally US4619956, US5106891, GB-A-2269819, EP-
A-0309400, EP-A-0309401, EP-A-0309402 and EP-A-0434608.
i) Oxamides such as 4,4'-dioctyloxyoxanilide; 2,2'-diethoxyoxanilide; 2,2'-dioctyloxy-
5,5,-di-tert-butoxanilide;2,2'-didodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butyloxanilide;2-ethoxy-2'-
ethyloxanilide; N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxamide; 2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-

ethyloxanilide and its mixture with 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-di-tert-butoxanilide; and
mixtures of o- and p-methoxy disubstituted oxanilides and mixtures of o- and p-
ethoxy disubstituted oxanilides.
(viii) 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-l,3,5-triazines disclosed in the previously incorporated
references, such as 2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine; 2-(2-
hydroxy-4-n-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine; 2-(2-
hydroxy-4-(mixed iso-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine;
2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine; 2,4-bis(2-
hydroxy-4-propyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine; 2-(2-hydroxy-
4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(4-raethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine; 2-(2-hydroxy-4-
dodecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine; 2-(2-hydroxy-4-
tridecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine; 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-
hydroxy-3-butyloxypropyloxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-l,3,5-triazine;
2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-octyloxypropyloxy)-phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-
dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine;2-[4-dodecyloxy/tridecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-
hydroxyphenyll-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine;2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-
hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine;
2-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxy)-phenyl-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine; 2-(2-hydroxy-4-
methoxyphenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine;2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butoxy-2-
hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine; and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-
methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine.
(c) Metal deactivators such as N,N'-diphenyloxamide; N-salicylal-N'-salicyloyl hydrazine;
N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)hydrazine; N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazine; 3 -salicyloylamino-1,2,4-triazole;
bis(benzylidene)oxalyl dihydrazide; oxanilide; isophthaloyl dihydrazide; sebacoyl
bisphenylhydrazide; N,N'-diacetyladipoyl dihydrazide; N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)oxalyl
dihydrazide; and N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)thiopropionyl dihydrazide.
(d) Phosphites and phosphonites, such as triphenyl phosphite; diphenyl alkyl phosphites;
phenyl dialkyl phosphites; tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite; trilauryl phosphite; trioctadecyl
phosphite; distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite; tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite;
diisodecyl pentaerythritol diphosphite; bis(2,4,-di-tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol
diphosphite; bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite;

bis(isodecyloxy)pentaerythritol diphosphite; bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-
methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite;bis(2,4,6-tris(tert-butyl)phenyl)pentaerythritol
diphosphite; tristearyl sorbitol triphosphite; tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)-4,4'-
biphenylene diphosphonite;6-isooctyloxy-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12H-dibenzo[d,g]-1,3,2-
dioxaphosphocin;6-fluoro-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-methyl-dibenzo[d,g]-1,3,2-
dioxaphosphocin; bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)methylphosphite; and bis(2,4-di-
tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)ethylphosphite.
(e) Hydroxylamines such as N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine; N,N-diethylhydroxylamine;
N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine;N,N-dilaurylhydroxylatnine; N,N-ditetradecylhydroxylamine;
N,N-dihexadecylhydroxylamine;N,N-dioctadecylhydroxylamine; N-hexadecyl-N-
octadecyl-hydroxylamine; N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine; and N,N-
dialkylhydroxylamine derived from hydrogenated tallow fatty amines.
(f) Nitrones such as N-benzyl-alpha-phenyl nitrone; N-ethyl-alpha-methyl nitrone; N-
octyl-alpha-heptyl nitrone; N-lauryl-alpha-undecyl nitrone; N-tetradecyl-alpha-tridecyl
nitrone; N-hexadecyl-alpha-pentadecyl nitrone; N-octadecyl-alpha-heptadecyl nitrone; N-
hexadecyl-alpha-heptadecyl nitrone; N-octadecyl-alpha-pentadecyl nitrone; N-heptadecyl-
alpha-heptadecyl nitrone; N-octadecyl-alpha-hexadecyl nitrone; and nitrones derived from
N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines prepared from hydrogenated tallow fatty amines.
(g) Thiosynergists such as dilauryi thiodipropionate and distearyl thiodipropionate.
(h) Peroxide scavengers such as esters of ?-thiodipropionic acid, for example the lauryl,
stearyl, myristyl or tridecyl esters; mercaptobenzimidazole or the zinc salt of 2-
mercaptobenzimidazole; zinc diburyldithiocarbamate; dioctadecyl disulfide; and
pentaerythritol tetrakis(?-dodecylmercapto) propionate.
(i) Polyamide stabilizers such as copper salts in combination with iodides and/or
phosphorus compounds and salts of divalent manganese.
(j) Basic co-stabilizers such as melamine; polyvinylpyrrolidone; dicyandiamide; triallyl
cyanurate; urea derivatives; hydrazine derivatives; amines; polyamides; polyurethanes;
alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of higher fatty acids, for example calcium
stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium behenate, magnesium stearate, sodium ricinoleate and
potassium palmitate; antimony pyrocatecholate; and tin pyrocatecholate.
(k) Nucleating agents including inorganic substances such as talc and metal oxides (e.g.
titanium oxide or magnesium oxide) and phosphates, carbonates and sulfates of, preferably,

alkaline earth metals; organic compounds such as mono- or polycarboxylic acids and salts
thereof, for example 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid, adipic acid, diphenylacetic acid, sodium
succinate and sodium benzoate; and polymeric compounds such as ionic copolymers (e.g.
ionomers).
(1) Fillers and reinforcing agents such as calcium carbonate; silicates; glass fibers;
asbestos; talc; kaolin; mica; barium sulfate; metal oxides and hydroxides; carbon black;
graphite; wood flour and flours or fibers from other natural products; and synthetic fibers,
(m) Other additives such as plasticizers, lubricants, emulsifiers, pigments, rheological
additives, catalysts, levelling assistants, optical brighteners, flameproofing agents, antistatic
agents and blowing agents.
(n) Benzofuranones and indolinones such as those disclosed in US 4,325,863, US
4,338,244, US 5,175,312, US 5,216,052, US 5,252,643, DE-A-4316611, DE-A-4316622,
DE-A-4316876, EP-A-0589839 and EP-A-0591102; 3-[4-(2-acetoxy-ethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-
di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-one; 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2-stearoyloxyethoxy)-
phenyl]benzofuran-2-one; 3,3'-bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-[2-
hydroxyethoxy]phenyl)benzofuran-2-one]; 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)benzofuran-
2-one; 3-(4-acetoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-one; 3-(3,5-
dimethyl-4-pivaloyIoxyphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-one; and 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-
(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-3H-benzofuran-2-one.
The novel triazines and pyrimidines of the invention can also be employed
in multilayer systems. In such systems, a polymer composition having a relatively high
content of novel stabilizer, for example, from about 0.1 to about 20% by weight and
preferably about 5-15% by weight, is applied in a thin film (e.g., about 5 - 500 ?m thick
and, preferably, about 10 - 100 ?m thick) to a shaped article made from a polymer
containing little or no ultraviolet stabilizers. Such composition may be applied at the same
time as the shaping of the base structure, for example by coextrusion in a manner
analogous to that described in United States Patent No. 4,948,666 (incorporated by
reference herein for all purposes as if fully set forth). Alternatively, application can also be
made to the ready-formed base structure, for example by lamination with a film or by
coating with a solution. The outer layer or layers of the finished article have the function
of a UV filter, which protects the interior of the article from UV light. The outer layer
typically contains about 0.1 to about 20%, preferably about 1 to about 15%, and more

preferably about 2 to about 10% by weight of the outer layer composition, of at least one of
the substituted pyrimidine or triazine compound of the present invention.
The polymers stabilized in this way are notable for high weathering
resistance, especially for high resistance to UV light. This enables them to retain their
mechanical properties, and their color surface properties such as gloss and distinctness of
image, for a long time even when used outside. Moreover, due to the bondable nature of
the presently claimed triazine and pyrimidine compounds, migration of these UV absorbers
between the layers of the multi-layer coatings can, under the appropriate circumstances, be
minimized.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the novel mixtures comprising
compounds of the formulas (II) - (V) can be used as stabilizers for coatings, for example
for paints such as disclosed in numerous references (see, e.g., US 4,619,956, US 4,740,542,
US 4,826,978, US 4,962,142, US 5,106,891, US 5,198,498, US 5,298,067, US 5,322,868,
US 5,354,794, US 5,369,140, US 5,420,204, US 5,461,151, US 5,476,937, EP-0434608
and EP-A-0444323). Of particular interest are coatings and paints for the automobile
industry. The invention therefore also relates to those compositions which are film-
forming binders for coatings. "Coating" means a free flowing composition that can be
applied to the surface of an article in a thin film that then hardens to form a substantially
solid surface on the article. Typically, the coating provides an interface between the article
and the environment.
Such novel coating compositions comprise about 0.01 to about 20%,
preferably about 0.1 to about 10%, and more preferably about 0.2 to about 10% by weight
of the binder of the coating composition of one or more of the novel triazines and
pyrimidines of the invention.
Multilayer systems are possible here as well (such as
electrocoat/basecoat/clearcoat systems), where the concentration of the novel stabilizer in
one or more of the layers, and typically the outer layer such as the clearcoat, can be
relatively high, for example from about 0.01 to about 20%, preferably about 0.1 to about
10%, and more preferably about 0.2 to about 5% by weight of binder.
The use of the novel stabilizer in coatings is accompanied by the additional
advantage that it prevents delamination, i.e. the flaking-off of the coating from the
substrate. This advantage is particularly important in the case of metallic substrates,

including multilayer systems on metallic substrates, and particularly epoxy e-coated
metallic substrates.
The coatings typically include a binder that suspends pigments and other
additives in the coating and allows attachment of the coating to the substrate.
The binder can in principle be any binder which is customary in industry,
for example those described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th
Edition, Vol. A18, pp. 368-426, VCH, Weinheim 1991 which is incorporated herein by
reference. In general, it is a film-forming binder based on a thermoplastic or curable resin,
predominantly on a curable resin. Examples of thermoplastic binders include acrylics,
polyesters, polyurethanes, and PVC plastisols. Examples of curable binders include
functional alkyd, acrylic, polyester, phenolic, melamine, epoxy and polyurethane resins and
mixtures thereof.
Such curable binders can be an ambient curable or a thermosetting binder.
Further, in some systems it may be advantageous to add a curing catalyst to such systems.
Suitable catalysts which accelerate curing of the binder are described, for example, in
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Vol. A18, p. 469, VCH
Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim 1991. Preferred binders include those which comprise a
functional acrylate resin and a crosslinking agent.
A wide variety of binders may be employed in such coating systems. In
particular, the binder may comprise an alkyd, acrylic, polyester, phenolic, melamine,
epoxy, polyurethane resin, or blends thereof. Examples of such binders include, but are not
limited to:
(a) cold- or hot-crosslinkable alkyd, acrylate, polyester, epoxy or melamine
resins or mixtures of such resins;
(b) a two-component polyurethane system comprising hydroxyl-containing
acrylate, polyester or polyether resins and aliphatic or aromatic isocyanates.
isocyanurates or polyisocyanates;
(c) a one-component polyurethane system comprising blocked isocyanates,
isocyanurates or polyisocyanates which are deblocked during baking;
(d) a two-component system comprising (poly)ketimines and aliphatic or
aromatic isocyanates, isocyanurates or polyisocyanates;
(a)
(e) a two-component system comprising (poly)ketimines and an unsaturated
acrylate resin or a polyacetoacetate resin or a methacrylamidoglycolate
methyl ester;
(f) a two-component system comprising carboxyl- or amino-containing
polyacrylates and polyepoxides;
(g) a two-component system comprising acrylate resins containing anhydride
groups and on a polyhydroxy or polyamino component;
(h) a two-component system comprising (poly)oxazolines and acrylate resins
containing anhydride groups, or unsaturated acrylate resins, or aliphatic or
aromatic isocyanates, isocyanurates or polyisocyanates;
(i) a two-component system comprising unsaturated polyacrylates and
polymalonates;
(j) a thermoplastic polyacrylate system comprising thermoplastic acrylate
resins or externally crosslinking acrylate resins in combination with
etherified melamine resins; and
(k) a system comprising siloxane-modified or fluorine-modified acrylate resins.
Such binder-containing compositions may further comprise a curing catalyst, or an organic
solvent, and may be radiation-curable. In particular, such compositions may serve as
coating compositions.
Examples of suitable coating compositions containing specific binders
include but are not limited to:
1. paints based on ambient curable or thermosetting alkyd, acrylate, polyester, epoxy
or melamine resins or mixtures of such resins, if desired with addition of a curing catalyst;
2. two-component polyurethane paints based on hydroxyl-containing acrylate,
polyester or polyether resins and aliphatic or aromatic isocyanates, isocyanurates or
polyisocyanates;
3. one-component polyurethane paints based on blocked isocyanates, isocyanurates or
polyisocyanates which are deblocked during baking;
4. two-component paints based on (poly)ketimines and aliphatic or aromatic
isocyanates, isocyanurates or polyisocyanates;
5. two-component paints based on (poly)ketimines and an unsaturated acrylate resin or
a polyacetoacetate resin or a methacrylamidoglycolate methyl ester;
1.
6. two-component paints based on carboxyl- or amino-containing polyacrylates and
polyepoxides;
7. two-component paints based on acrylate resins containing anhydride groups and on
a polyhydroxy or polyamino component;
8. two-component paints based on (poly)oxazolines and acrylate resins containing
anhydride groups, or unsaturated acrylate resins, or aliphatic or aromatic isocyanates,
isocyanurates or polyisocyanates;
9. two-component paints based on unsaturated polyacrylates and polymalonates;
10. thermoplastic polyacrylate paints based on thermoplastic acrylate resins or
externally crosslinlcing acrylate resins in combination with etherified melamine resins;
11. paint systems based on siloxane-modified or fluorine-modified acrylate resins.
In addition to the binder and one or more triazine or pyrimidine of the
invention, the coating composition according to the invention preferably further comprise
one or more additional ultraviolet light absorbers including, but not limited to, those
specifically listed above in section b. The additional UV absorbers may be, for example,
another tris-aryl-1,3,5-triazine, a 2-hydroxyphenyl-2H-benzotriazole, a 2-
hydroxybenzophenone, an ester of an unsubstituted benzoic acid, an acrylate, an oxamide
(oxanilide), or any combination of the above. Preferably, the additional UV absorber is a
2-hydroxyphenyl-2H-benzotriazole and the weight ratio of benzotriazole to triazine or
pyrimidine is from about 4:1 to 1:4. More preferably, the weight ratio of benzotriazole to
triazine or pyrimidine is from about 2:1 to 1:2.
To achieve maximum light stability, it is of particular interest to add
sterically hindered amines, examples of which are set out in the above-mentioned section
b(vi). The invention therefore also relates to a coating composition which, in addition to
the binder, the one or more triazine or pyrimidine of the invention, and, optionally,
additional UV absorbers, comprises a light stabilizer of the sterically hindered amine type.
The sterically hindered amine is employed in an amount of about 0.01 to 5% by weight
based on the weight of the solid binder, preferably about 0.02 to 2% by weight.
One specific example of such a sterically hindered amine is a 2,2,6,6-
tetramethyl piperazinone containing at least one group of the formula:


in which J is, for example, hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl (such as methyl), alkoxy (such as
methoxy) or acyl.
More preferably the stabilizer is a 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine derivative
containing at least one group of the formula:

in which J is, for example, hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl (such as methyl), alkoxy (such as
methoxy) or acyl.
Examples of tetraalkylpiperidine derivatives which can be used in
combination with the present trisaryl-l,3,5-triazine compounds are given in United States
Patent Nos. 4,314,933,4,344,876,4,426,471, 4,426,472, 4,619.956, 5,004,770, 5,006,577,
5,064,883, 5,112,890, 5,124,378,5,106,891, 5,204,473, and 5,461,151, which are
incorporated by reference herein for all purposes as if fully set forth. It is particularly
expedient to employ the following tetraalkylpiperidine derivatives, as well as their N-alkyl,
N-acyl, N-hydroxyl and N-alkoxy analogs (where not already included in the following
list):
bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperid-4-yl) succinate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperid-4-yl)
sebacate,
bis( 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperid-4-yl) sebacate, di( 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperid-4-yl)
butyl-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyi)malonate, bis( 1 -octyloxy-2,2,6,6-
tetramethylpiperid-4-yl) sebacate, tetra(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperid-4-yl) butane-1,2,3,4-
tetracarboxylate, tetra( 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperid-4-yI) butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylate,
2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-oxa-3,20-diaza-21-oxo-dispiro[5.1.11.2]heneicosane, and 8-acetyl-3-
dodecyl-l,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetramethylspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione. Commercially
available examples of these and other tetraalkylpipieridine derivatives include
SANDUVOR® 3050, 3052, 3055, 3056, 3058, PR-31 and PR-32 (Clariant Corp.);
TINUVIN® 079L, 123, 144, 292, 440L and 622LD (Ciba Specialty Chemicals);

CHIMASORB® 119 and 944 (Ciba Specialty Chemicals); and CYASORB® UV-3346,
UV 3529, UV-3853, UV-500 and UV-516 (Cytec Industries Inc.).
In addition, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, to be
suitable for coating compositions, the coating composition can also comprise further
components including, but not limited to, solvents, pigments, dyes, plasticizers, stabilizers,
thixotropic agents, drying catalysts and/or leveling agents, or combinations thereof.
Examples of possible components are those described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of
Industrial Chemistry, 5th Edition, Vol. A18, pp. 429-471, VCH, Weinheim 1991, which is
incorporated herein by reference.
Exemplary drying catalysts or curing catalysts are, for example,
organometallic compounds, amines, amino-containing resins and/or phosphines. Examples
of organometallic compounds are metal carboxylates, especially those of the metals Pb,
Mn, Co, Zn, Zr or Cu, or metal chelates, especially those of the metal Al, Ti or Zr, or
organometallic compounds such as organotin compounds, for example, and mixtures
thereof.
Examples of metal carboxylates are the stearates of Pb, Mn or Zn, the
octoates of Co, Zn or Cu, the naphthenates of Mn and Co or the corresponding linoleates,
resinates or tallates, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of metal chelates are the aluminum, titanium, or zirconium
chelates of acetylacetone, ethyl acetylacetate, salicylaldehyde, salicylaldoxime, o-
hydroxyacetophenone, or ethyl trifluoroacetylacetate, and the alkoxides of these metals,
and mixtures thereof.
Examples of organotin compounds are dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dilaurate
or dibutyltin dioctoate, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of amines are, in particular, tertiary amines, for example
tributylamine, triethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-dimethylethanolamine, N-
ethylmorpholine, N-methylmorpholine or diazabicyclooctane (triethylenediamine) and salts
thereof, and mixtures thereof. Further examples are quaternary ammonium salts, for
example trimethylbenzylammonium chloride. Amino-containing resins are simultaneously
a binder and a curing catalyst. Examples thereof are amino-containing acrylate
copolymers.

The curing catalyst used can also be a phosphine, for example
triphenylphosphine.
The novel coating compositions can also be radiation-curable coating
compositions. In this case, the binder includes monomeric or oligomeric compounds
containing ethylenically unsaturated bonds, which after application are cured by actinic
radiation, i.e., converted into a crosslinked, high molecular weight form. Where the system
is UV-curable, it generally contains a photoinitiator as well. Corresponding systems are
described in the above-mentioned publication Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial
Chemistry, 5th Edition, Vol. A18, pages 451-453, which is incorporated herein by
reference. In radiation-curable coating compositions, the novel stabilizers can also be
employed with or without additional UV light stabilizers, including sterically hindered
amines.
The coating compositions according to the invention can be applied to any
desired substrates, for example to metal, wood, plastic, or ceramic materials. They are
preferably used as topcoats in the finishing of automobiles. If the topcoat comprises two
layers, of which the lower layer is pigmented and the upper layer is not pigmented, the
novel coating composition can be used for either the upper or the lower layer or for both
layers, but preferably for the upper layer.
The novel coating compositions can be applied to the substrates by any
conventional methods available to those or ordinary skill in the art, for example by
brushing, spr?YIng, pouring, dipping, or electrophoresis; see also Ullmann's Encyclopedia
of Industrial Chemistry, 5th Edition, Vol. A18, pp. 491-500, which is incorporated herein
by reference.
Depending on the binder system, the coatings can be cured at room
temperature, or may require heating. The coatings are preferably cured at a temperature of
from about 50°C to 150°C, and in the case of powder coatings, even at higher
temperatures.
The coatings obtained in accordance with the invention generally have
excellent resistance to the damaging effects of light, oxygen, and heat. In particular, the
presently claimed coatings provide good light stability and weathering resistance.
In particular, the coating can be part of a paint, which has been stabilized
against the damaging effects of light, oxygen, and heat by adding a content of the

compound of the formulas (II) - (V). according to the invention. The paint can be a
pigmented mono-coat which comprises a film-forming binder and an organic pigment or
dye, an inorganic pigment, a metallic pigment, or a mixture thereof. The paint may also be
a composition which comprises a primer in adhesion to a metal or plastic substrate: a
pigmented basecoat that is in adhesion to the primer and which comprises a film-forming
binder and an organic pigment or dye, an inorganic pigment, a metallic pigment, or a
mixture thereof; and a clear coat that is in adhesion to the base coat and which comprises a
film-forming binder and optionally a transparent pigment. One especially preferred use is a
paint which is a clear topcoat for automobile original equipment manufacture (OEM)
and/or refinish applications.
The invention furthermore relates to a process for stabilizing a coating based
on polymers against damage by light, oxygen and/or heat, which comprises mixing with the
coating composition one or more rriazines or pyrimidines of the invention and to the use of
mixtures comprising the one or more triazines or pyrimidines of the invention in coating
compositions as stabilizers against damage by light, oxygen, and/or heat.
The coating compositions can comprise an organic solvent or solvent
mixture in which the binder is soluble. The coating composition can otherwise be an
aqueous solution or dispersion. The vehicle can also be a mixture of organic solvent and
water. The coating composition maybe a high-solids paint or can be solvent-free (e.g. a
powder coating material).
The pigments can be inorganic, organic or metallic pigments. The novel
coating compositions preferably contain no pigments and are used as a clearcoat.
Likewise preferred is the use of the coating composition as a topcoat for
applications in the automobile industry, especially as a pigmented or unpigmented topcoat
of the paint finish. Its use for underlying coats, however, is also possible.
The triazines and pyrimidines of the invention may be applied topically by
polishing a surface with a composition comprising the triazines or pyrimidines and an inert
carrier such as solvent, petroleum jelly, silicone oil in water emulsions, or automotive paint
wax, e.g. Carnauba wax. These topical treatment compositions may be used to stabilize
coating films, fabrics, leather, vinyl and other plastics and wood.
Preference is also given to the use of the novel triazines and pyrimidines
compounds in photographic materials as stabilizer against damage by light, especially by

UV light. The invention therefore also relates to a photographic material comprising one
or more triazines or pyrimidines of the invention.
The compounds according to the invention can be used for photosensitive
materials of all kinds. For example, they can be employed for color paper, color reversal
paper, direct-positive color material, color negative film, color positive film, color reversal
film, and other materials. They are preferably used, inter alia, for photosensitive color
material which comprises a reversal substrate or which forms positives.
Furthermore, the novel compounds can be combined with other UV
absorbers, especially those which are dispersible in aqueous gelatin, for example with
hydroxyphenylbenzotriazoles (See, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 4,853,471, 4,973,702, 4,921,966
and 4,973,701), benzophenones, oxanilides, cyanoacrylates, salicylates, or acrylonitriles, or
thiazolines. In this context it is advantageous to employ these further, oil-dissolved UV
absorbers in the photographic material in layers other than those comprising the novel UV
absorbers.
In particular, it is possible successfully to stabilize photographic materials
similar to those described in U.S. Patent No. 4,518,686.
The invention therefore additionally relates to a photographic material
comprising, on support, a blue-sensitive, a green-sensitive, and/or a red-sensitive silver-
halide emulsion layer and, if desired, a protective layer, with a layer comprising a UV
absorber being arranged above the uppermost silver-halide emulsion layer, wherein the UV
absorber is one or more triazines or pyrimidines of the invention.
Preference is additionally given tophotographic materials which have a
layer comprising a compound of the formula (II) - (V) above the uppermost silver-halide
emulsion layer and/or between the green- and red-sensitive silver-halide emulsion layers.
Furthermore, it may be advantageous for all or some of the layers which can
comprise a UV absorber to have a UV absorber mixture and/or a further UV absorber
which is dispersible in aqueous gelatin, but a compound of the formula (II) - (V) must be
present at least in one layer.
The novel material preferably has gelatin interlayers between the silver-
halide emulsion layers.

Preference is given to photographic materials in which the silver halide in
the blue-sensitive, green-sensitive, and/or red-sensitive layer is silver chloride bromide
comprising at least 90 mol % of silver chloride.
The compounds of the formula (II) - (V). which are used in accordance with
the invention, can be incorporated, alone or together with the color coupler and, if used,
further additives, into the color photographic materials by dissolving the compounds
beforehand in high-boiling organic solvents. It is preferred to use solvents which boil at
higher than 160 °C. Typical examples of such solvents are the esters of phthalic acid,
phosphoric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid or of fatty acids; alkylamides; or phenols.
Preferred color couplers for use in the compositions of the invention;
examples of such compounds; further additives such as color cast inhibitors, DIR couplers
and further light stabilizers, such as UV absorbers, phenols, phosphorus (III) compounds,
organometallic complexes, hydroquinones and hydroquinone ethers; and more precise
details on the structure of various photographic materials, can be found, for example, in the
publications EP-A-0531258 and EP-A-0520938 and in the literature cited therein.
The invention also relates to a process for the stabilization of polyolefin or
polyolefin copolymer films for agricultural applications, especially greenhouse
applications, this polyolefin or polyolefin copolymer film having improved light stability
and pesticide resistance, comprises one or more triazines or pyrimidines of the invention
and a metal oxide or hydroxide selected from oxides of zinc, aluminum, calcium and
magnesium, and hydroxides of zinc, aluminum and calcium, into the polyolefin or
polyolefin copolymer. A further subject of the invention is a greenhouse, characterized in
that it is covered by a polyolefin or polyolefin copolymer film having improved light
stability and pesticide resistance and stabilized with one or more triazines or pyrimidines
of the invention and a metal oxide or hydroxide selected from oxides of zinc, aluminum,
calcium and magnesium, and hydroxides of zinc, aluminum and calcium; and a process for
stabilizing a polyolefin or polyolefin copolymer greenhouse film against detrimental effects
of pesticides and light, oxygen and/or heat, which process comprises incorporating one or
more triazines or pyrimidines of the invention and a metal oxide or hydroxide selected
from oxides of zinc, aluminum, calcium and magnesium, and hydroxides of zinc,
aluminum and calcium, into said greenhouse film.

To form a film, a quantity of the said melted composition is forced through
a film die, such as a flat film die or a circular blown film die, and forming a film therefrom.
In the case where the composition is used to form a film therefrom, it is contemplated that
the films may be unoriented, or may be subjected to a conventional operation to impart a
degree of orientation on the film. Such a film may be oriented in one direction, such as in
the "machine direction" and/or the "transverse direction," or may be oriented in both
directions, or "biaxially" oriented
The present invention is also suitable for sheet applications.
The triazines and pyrimidines of the formula (II) - (V) are suitable for the
photochemical stabilization of undyed, dyed, or printed fiber materials comprising for
example, silk, leather, wool, polyamide, or polyurethanes and especially cellulose-
containing fiber materials of all kinds. Examples of such fiber materials are the natural
cellulose fibers, such as cotton, linen, jute, and hemp and also viscose staple fiber and
regenerated cellulose. Preferred textile fiber materials are those of cotton. The triazine and
pyrimidine compounds of the present invention are also suitable for the photochemical
stabilization of hydroxyl-containing fibers in blend fabrics, for example blends of cotton
with polyester fibers or polyamide fibers. A further preferred area of application relates to
the blocking or reduction of the UV radiation which passes through the above-mentioned
textile materials (UV cutting) and the heightened sun protection that textile materials
finished with the novel compounds of the invention offer to the human skin.
To this end, one or a number of different compounds of the formula (II) -
(V) are applied to the textile fiber materialby one of the customary dyeing methods,
advantageously in a quantity of 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight and,
in particular, from 0.25 to 2% by weight, based on the weight of the fiber material.
The triazine and pyrimidine compounds can be applied to the fiber material
in various ways and fixed on the fiber, especially in the form of aqueous dispersions or
printing pastes.
The textile fiber materials finished with the novel compounds of the formula
(II) - (V) possess improved protection against photochemical breakdown of the fiber and
yellowing phenomena and, in the case of dyed fibre material, are of enhanced (hot) light
fastness. Particular emphasis should be drawn to the greatly improved photoprotective
effect of the treated textile fiber material and, in particular, the good protective effect with

respect to short-wave UV-B rays. This is manifested by the fact that the textile fiber
material finished with the novel triazine or pyrimidine compounds of the invention have,
relative to untreated fabric, a greatly increased sun protection factor (SPF).
The sun protection factor is defined as the quotient of the dose of UV
radiation which damages protected skin to that which damages unprotected skin.
Accordingly, a sun protection factor is also a measure of the extent to which untreated fiber
materials and fiber materials treated with novel compounds of the formulas (II) - (V) are
permeable to UV radiation. The determination of the sun protection factor of textile fiber
materials is explained, for example, in WO94/04515 or in J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 40, 127-
133 (1989) and can be carried out analogously thereto.
Yet another use of the UV absorbers according to the invention is in the
stabilization of intra-ocular and contact lenses.
The inventive UV absorbers are also suitable as photoprotective agents in
cosmetic preparations. The invention additionally relates, therefore, to a cosmetic
preparation comprising at least one triazine or pyrimidine compound of the invention and
cosmetically acceptable carriers or auxiliaries.
The novel cosmetic composition contains from 0.1 to 15% by weight,
preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the overall weight of the composition, of at
least one triazine or pyrimidine UV absorber of the invention and a cosmetically acceptable
auxiliary.
The cosmetic composition can be prepared by physically mixing the novel
UV absorber with the auxiliary by means of customary methods, for example by simply
stirring together the two materials.
The cosmetic preparation according to the invention can be formulated as a
water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion, as an oil-in-oil alcohol lotion, as a vesicular
dispersion of an ionic or nonionic amphophilic lipid, as a gel, solid stick, or as an aerosol
formulation.
As a water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion, the cosmetically acceptable
auxiliary preferably contains from 5 to 50% of an oily phase, from 5 to 20° o of an
emulsifier, and from 30 to 90% water. The oil phase can comprise any oil which is suitable
for cosmetic formulations, e.g., one or more hydrocarbon oils, a wax, a natural oil, a

silicone oil, a fatty acid ester, or a fatty alcohol. Preferred mono- or polyols are ethanol,
isopropanol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, glycerol, and sorbitol.
For these cosmetic formulations, it is possible to use any conventionally
employed emulsifier, e.g., one or more ethoxylated esters of naturally occurring
derivatives, i.e., polyethoxylated esters of hydrogenated castor oil; or a silicone oil
emulsifier such as silicone polyol; an unmodified or ethoxylated fatty acid soap; an
ethoxylated fatty alcohol; an unmodified or ethoxylated sorbitan ester; an ethoxylated fatty
acid; or an ethoxylated glyceride.
The cosmetic formulation can also comprise further components, for
example emollients, emulsion stabilizers, skin moisteners, tanning accelerators, thickeners
such as xanthan, moisture retention agents such as glycerol, preservatives, fragrances, and
colorants.
The novel cosmetic formulations are notable for good protection of human
skin against the damaging effect of sunlight while at the same time providing for reliable
tanning of the skin.
The invention will now be illustrated by the following examples. The
examples are not intended to be limiting of the scope of the present invention. In
conjunction with the general and detailed descriptions above, the examples provide further
understanding of the present invention.
EXAMPLES
Examples and reaction schemes for producing specific examples of novel
triazines of the invention in accordance with the invention are provided below. While the
following examples illustrate preparations with one or more triazines of the invention
compounds, one of ordinary skill will understand that these reactions may also be carried
out with any of a variety of other phenyl compounds having hydrocarbyl group^ ortho to
each other where, when necessary, reactive substituents on such other phenyl compounds
having hydrocarbyl groups ortho to each other are protected in accordance with procedures
and reagents well known and understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.

Example 1: Synthesis of 2-(2.4-dihvdroxphenvn-4.6-G.4- dimethylphenyl)-1.3.5-triazine
from cyanuric chloride in chlorobenzene solvent.

In a 3 neck round bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a
refluxing condenser, a nitrogen inlet, and a thermocouple, was added 55.3g cyanuric
chloride and 750 ml chlorobenzene. The reaction flask was then cooled in an ice-bath to
about 0°C and then 120.0 g of AlCl3 was slowly added with stirring. After about 5
minutes, 6.0 g of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added. The reaction mixture was
stirred for about 30 minutes at 0 °C, further cooled to about -5°C and 60.5 g of o-xylene
was then added over a period of about 35-40 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at
0°C for about 1 hour and then stirred at room temperature for 6 hours. Resorcinol (36.3g)
was then added to the reaction mixture and the resulting mixture allowed to stir for about
12 hours. The reaction mixture was then heated to about 85-90°C for 3 hours. HPLC
analysis at this stage indicated completion of the reaction. The reaction mixture was then
cooled to about 50°C, and quenched with dilute HC1 solution. The chlorobenze solvent
was removed by azeotropic distillation. The precipitated material was separated by

filtration, washed with water, and dried to give 96 g of the product analyzed to consist
mainly of the 2-(2,4-dihydroxphenyl)-4,6-(3,4- dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine along with a
small amount of its isomer.
Example 2: Preparation of 2-(2-hvdroxv-4-octvloxvphenvl-4-6-(3.4-dimethvlphenvn-1.3.5-
triazine.

To a reaction flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a refluxing
condenser, nitrogen inlet, and a thermocouple was added 90 gm of 2-(2,4-dihydroxphenyl)-
4,6-(3,4- dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (as made in Example 1), 124.4g of potassium
carbonate, 59.4g of iodooctane, 2g Alliquat-336, and 750 ml of methyl isobutyl ketone
(MIBK). The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 7 hrs. HPLC data showed the
formation of a new product and disappearance of the 2-(2,4-dihydroxphenyl)-4,6-(3,4-
dimethylphenyl)-l,3,5-triazine. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature,
diluted with methylene chloride, filtered, and the filtrate concentrated under reduced

pressure. The resulting residue was dissolved in methylene chloride, washed with water,
dried, and concentrated to give 111 gm of crude product.
The crude product was refluxed with acetone, and the solid filtered after cooling to room
temperature, washed with acetone, and dried to give 75 gm of pure 2-(2-hydroxy-4-
octyloxyphenyl-4,6-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-l,3,5-triazine, melting point 140 °C.
Example 3: Synthesis of 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4.6-(3.4-dimethylphenyl)-1.3.5-triazine
from cvanuric chloride in o-dichlorobenzene solvent.
In a 3 neck, glass round bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a
refluxing condenser with nitrogen inlet and a thermocouple was added 50g cyanuric
chloride and 191 ml o-dichlorobenzene (ODCB). AlCl3 (108.4g) was then slowly added to
the flask at room temperature. After few minutes, the reaction mixture was cooled in an
ice-bath, and 6.5g of HC1 was added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was
allowed to warm to room temperature, stirred for 2 hours, 54.7g of o-xylene added over a 3
hour period, and the reaction mixture stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction
mixture was heated to about 63 °C, and 34g of resorcinol was added in four equal parts in
10 minute intervals. The mixture was heated at 75-80oX for 3 hours. The reaction mixture
was then cooled to room temperature and quenched with water. The o-dichlorobenzene
was distilled off as an azeotrope. The precipitated solid was filtered off, washed with
water, and dried to give 96 gm of crude -(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-
1,3,5-triazine.

Example 4: Preparation of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(3.4-dimethylphenynl)-1.3.5-triazine.

To a 3-neck round bottom glass reaction flask equipped with reflux
condenser, a stirrer, and a nitrogen inlet was added 3.69g of cyanuric chloride and 50 ml o-
dichlorobenzene (ODCB). AlCl3 (8.0 g) was then added to the reaction mixture at room
temperature. The mixture was cooled to about 5°C using an ice bath and 0.5g of
concentrated HC1 was added and the reaction mixture stirred at room temperature for 3-4
hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to about 5-10°C, 4.0g of o-xylene was added with
stirring, and the reaction mixture allowed to stir at room temperature for about 20 hours.
The reaction mixture was then quenched by adding water, and the o-dichlorobenzene was
removed by azeotropic distillation. The resulting solid material was filtered and was dried
overnight to give about 5.5g of a crude product. The major product was confirmed by
HPLC analysis to be 2-chloro-4,6-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-l,3,5-triazine.

Example 5: Reaction of 2-(2,4-dihydroxphenyn-4.6-bis(3.4-dimethylphenyl)-1.3,5-
triazine with ethyl chloroacetate in the presence of a base.
To a reaction flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a stirrer, and a
nitrogen

inlet was added 2.0 g of 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-
triazine, 3.5 g potassium carbonate, 0.1 g potassium iodide, and 20 ml acetone followed by
1.1 mole eq. of ethyl chloroacetate. The reaction mixture was then heated to reflux, and
held at reflux for 6 hours. HPLC analysis of the reaction mixture showed the formation of
a new product with almost complete conversion of the starting material. The heating was
discontinued, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and filtered to provide
a residue. The residue was treated with water and then extracted with methylene chloride.
The filtrate and the methylene chloride extract were combined and concentrated to give
about 1.0 g of a product identified to be 2-[2-hydroxy-4-ethoxycarbonylmethoxyphenyl]-
4,6-bis-[3,4-dimethylphenyl]-1,3,5-triazine.
Example 6: Reaction of 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyn-4,6-bis(3.4-dimethylnhenyl)-1.3.5-
triazme with iodobutane in the presence of a base:


To a reaction flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a stirrer and a nitrogen
inlet was added 1.0 g of 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-
triazine, 3.5 g potassium carbonate, 0. 1g of Aliquat 336, and 20 ml acetone followed by 1.1
mole eq. of iodobutane. The reaction mixture was then heated to reflux, and held at relfux
for 6 hours. HPLC analysis of the reaction mixture showed the formation of a new product
with almost complete conversion of the starting material. The heating was discontinued,
and the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was
diluted with water and extracted with methylene chloride. The methylene chloride extract
was washed with water, dried, and concentrated to give 2.0 g of a product identified to be
4-butyl ether derivative of 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-
triazine.
Example 7: Reaction of 242.4-dihydroxyphenyn-4,6-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-
triazine with benzenesulfonyl chloride in the presence of a base.

To a reaction flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a stirrer, and a
nitrogen inlet was added 3.97 g of 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-
1,3,5-triazine, 4.14 g potassium carbonate, and 30 ml of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)
followed by 1.8 g of benzenesulfonyl chloride. The reaction mixture was then heated to
reflux, and held at reflux for 10 hours. HPLC analysis of the reaction mixture showed the
formation of a new product with almost complete conversion of the starting material. The
heating was discontinued, and the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The
reaction mixture was then diluted with methylene chloride, filtered, and the filtrate
concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was treated with a mixture of
1:1 methylene chloride:hexane and the resulting precipitated material collected by filtration

and dried to give the 4-benzenesulfonate derivative that was characterized by NMR and
mass spectral analysis.
Example 8: Reaction of 2-(2.4-dihydroxyphenyn-4.6-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyn-1.3.5-
triazine. with benzenesulfonyl chloride in the presence of aluminum chloride without
isolation of the 2-C2.4-dihydroxyphenyn-4.6-bisr3.4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine

To a reaction flask equipped with a reflux conderiser, a stirrer, and a
nitrogen inlet wad edded 3.7 g of cyanuric chloride, 50 rnL of o-dichlorobenzene, and 8.0 g
of aluminum chloride. The reaction mixture was cooled to 5°C in an ice-bath, and 0.5 g of
concentrated HC1 was slowly added. The ice-bath was then removed, the mixture was
stirred at room temperature for 3 hours, 4 g of o-xylene was added to the reaction mixture
over a period of 10 min. at room temperature, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room
temperature for about 16 hours. Resorcinol (2.4 g) was then added to the reaction mixture
and the reaction mixture was heated to 85-90°C and held at this temperature for 2 hours.
The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature and 3.9 g of benzene sulfonyl
chloride slowly added. The reaction mixture was heated again to 85-90°C for 5 hours, and
then allowed to sit at room temperature for about 12 hours. The reaction mixture was then

quenched with water, extracted with methylene chloride, and the organic extract
concentrated under reduced pressure. HPLC analysis of the residue showed that the major
product was identical to the 4-benzene sulfonate derivative prepared above in Example 7.
This one pot process, wherein intermediates are not isolated is a novel method to make this
class of compounds.
Example 9; Reaction of 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4.6-bis(3.4-dimethylphenyn-1,3,5.
triazine with benzoyl chloride in the presence of a base

To a reaction flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a stirrer, and a
nitrogen inlet was added 3.97 g of 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(3,4-dimemylphenyl)-
1,3,5-triazine, 4.14 g potassium carbonate, and 30 mlof methyl isobutyl ketone (MBBK)
followed by 1.4 g of benzoyl chloride. The reaction mixture was then heated to reflux, and
held at reflux for 10 hours. HPLC analysis of the reaction mixture showed the formation of
a new product and unreacted starting material. An additional 0.5 g of benzoyl chloride was
added to the reaction mixture and the reaction mixture refluxed for an additional 10 hours.
The heating was discontinued, and the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature.
The reaction mixture was then diluted with methylene chloride, filtered, and the filtrate
concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was further purified by column
chromatography over silicia gel using a 75:25 methylene chloride.hexane mixture as the
eluant. About 2.0 g of a product characterized to be the 4-benzoate derivative was
recovered.

Example 10: Reaction of 2-(2.4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyn-1,3,5-
triazine with benzoly chloride in the presence of aluminum chloride without isolation of
the 2-(2.4-dihydroxyphenyn-4,6-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine.

To a reaction flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a stirrer, and a
nitrogen inlet was added 3.7 g of cyanuric chloride, 50 mL of o-dichlorobenzene (ODCB),
and 8.0 g of aluminum chloride. The reaction mixture was cooled to 5°C in an ice-bath,
and 0.5 g of concentrated HCl was slowly added. The ice-bath was then removed, the
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours, and 4 g of o-xylene was then added
over a period of 10 min. at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at room
temperature for about 6 hours, 2.4 g of resorcinol was added to the reaction mixture, and
the reaction mixture was heated to 85-90°C and held at this temperature for 2 hours. The
reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, 3.1 g of benzoyl chloride was added, the
reaction mixture was heated again to 85-90°C for 5 hours, and allowed to sit at room
temperature for about 12 hours. The reaction mixture was then quenched with water,
extracted with methylene chloride, and the organic extract concentrated under reduced

pressure. HPLC analysis of the residue showed a mixture of products including the 4-
benzoate ester of 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-l,3,5-triazine. This
one pot process, wherein intermediates are not isolated is a novel method to make this class
of compounds.
Example 11: Reaction of 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4.6-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyn-1,3,5-
triazine with 2-t-buryl-5-chloromethyl-4-6-dimethylphenol in the presence of a base.

To a reaction flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a stirrer, and a
nitrogen inlet was added 3.97 g of 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-
1,3,5-triazine, 4.14 g potassium carbonate, 0.25 g Aliquat 336, and 30 ml of methyl
isobutyl ketone (MIBK) followed by 2.1 g of 2-t-butyl-5-chloromethyl-4-6-dimethylphenol.
The reaction mixture was then heated to reflux, and held at reflux for 10 hours. HPLC
analysis of the reaction mixture showed the formation of a new product. Heating was

discontinued, and the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The reaction
mixture was diluted with methylene chloride, filtered ,and the filtrate concentrated under
reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography over
silicia gel using a mixture of 75:25 methylene chloride:hexane as the eluant. The
recovered product, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-[2,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-t-
burylphenyl]methoxyphenyl]-4,6-bis[3,4-dimethylphenyl]-l ,3,5-triazine, was characterized
on the basis of NMR and mass spectral product.
PERFORMANCE OF THE TRIAZINE LIGHT
STABILIZERS OF THE INVENTION
Example 12. Performance of 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyoxylphenyl)4.6-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl-
1,3,5-triazine (Compound A) in Polycarbonate Plaques.
Compound A at a loading level of 0.35%, 0.2%, or 0.1% by weight and
0.05% phosphite (Ultranox 641, commercially available from General Electric Specialty
Chemicals of) Morgantown, WV was dry blended into a Lexanl01-1111 polycarbonate
pellets (containing 0.5% phosphite) or Lexan 100 virgin polycarbonate flakes (both
commercially available from General Electric Specialty Chemicals of Morgantown, WV).
The blended material was melt mixed in a Brabender PL-2000 torque rheometer
(commercially available from Pasedena Hydraulics of The City of Industry, CA) equipped
with a single mixing screw extruder, 5-zone, single pass at 50-60 rpm with the temperature
of zones 1-5 at 246°C, 260°C, 265°C, 295°C, and 300°C, respectively. The extrudate was
cooled dried and pellitized. The pellets were injection molded into sample plaques (2
inches x 2.5 inches x 125 mils) using an Arburg Allrounder 320-210-750 injection molding
machine (commercially available from Arbury GmbH & Co. of Lossburg, Germany) with
the nozzle at 295 °C, nozzle side at 300°C, middle at 285°C, feed at 275 °C, and mold at
105°C. Control plaques, without Compound A, were prepared in an identical manner.
Plaques were tested for hydrolytic stability by measuring the melt flow
index of the polycarbobate plaques as g per 10 minutes, using a CSI Melt Flow Indexer 2
(commercially available from Custom Scientific Instruments, a Division of Atlas Electric
Devices Co. of Cedar Knolls, NJ) following ASTM D1238 method B, before and after

being exposed to high temperature and pressure. Samples were exposed to high
temperature and pressure in an AH-American Electric Pressure Sterilizer Model No. 25X
(commercially available from PCI Scientific Supply Inc., of Faitfield, NJ). The autoclave
was pressurized with water at 120°C for 6 hours. Sample plaques exposed to high
temperature and pressure were dried over a desiccant in an oven for between 4 and 8 hours
before measuring the flow index. The results of hydrolytic testing are provided in Table 1.

The results in Table 1 show that the Compound A had no significant effect
on the stability of the polycarbonate plaques, as measured by the melt flow index. Control
plaques without compound A appeared to show a distinct increase in the melt flow index
after being subjected to high temperature and pressure.
Sample plaques were also subjected to xenon-arc accelerated weathering,
QUV accelerated weathering, and oven aging at 130 °C. Xenon-arc accelerated weathering
was carried out by exposing the sample plaques in a xenon-arc weatherometer as
determined by the ASTM G-26 Standard using Test Method B. QUV (UVB-313)
accelerated weathering was carried out on plaques according to the ASTM G-53 test
method with a QUV Accelerated Weather Tester device (commercially available from Q
Panel Laboratory Products of Cleveland, OH). Oven aging was carried out according to the
ASTM 794 test method. Color as measured by yellowing index (YI) and AE was measured
as a function of weathering time. Color was determined with a Macbeth Color Eye
Colorimeter under laboratory conditions with illuminate C, 2° observer, specular
component excluded, and UV component included.
Tables 2 to 4 show the effect of xenon-arc accelerated weathering, oven
aging, and QUV (UVB-313) accelerated weathering, respectively, as measured by YI

values, for polycarbonate plaques containing 0.35% by weight of Compound A and for
control polycarbonate plaques. Table 5 show the effect on YI, AE, and ?YI (YI at time t
less YI at time 0) on polycarbonate plaques including 0.35% by weight of Compound A
compared to a control polycarbonate plaques that were subjected to oven aging.



The results in Tables 2-5 clearly shows that the polycarbonate plaques
stabilized with Compound A showed superior performance compared to the polycarbonate
plaque containing no stabilizer, as measured by YI, ?YI, and AE, when subjected to xenon-
arc accelerated weathering, QUV (UVB-313) accelerated weathering, or oven aging. An
increase in YI, ?YI or AE indicates an unfavorable discoloration of the polycarbonate.

PERFORMANCE OF THE TRIAZINE LIGHT STABILIZERS OF THE
INVENTION COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL TRIAZINE LIGHT STABILIZERS
Example 13. Comparison of the Performance of 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octylozyphenyl)-4,6-
bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl-1.3,5-triazine (Compound A) Against 2-(2-hvdroxy-4-
ocryloxyphenyl)-4,6-(bis(2.4-dimethylphenyl-1.3.5-triazine (UV-1164) in Polycarbonate
Plaques.
Polycarbonate sample plaques were prepared as described in Example 12
containing 0.35%, 0.2%, or 0.1% by weight of Compound A or UV-1164 (commercially
available from Cytec Industries of West Paterson, NJ). The sample plaques were tested for
hydrolytic stability and subjected to xenon-arc accelerated weathering, QUV accelerated
weathering, and oven aging at 130°C according to the procedures described in Example 12.
The results of hydrolytic testing are provided in Table 6.

The results in Table 6 show that Compound A had no significant effect on
the stability of the polycarbonate plaques. Plaques containing UV-1164 appeared to show
a significant increase in the melt flow index after being subjected to high temperature and
pressure.
Tables 7 shows a comparison of the effect of oven aging on YI values in
polycarbonate plaques including 0.35% by weight of Compound A or UV-1164. Table 8
shows the effect of oven aging on YI, AE, and ?YI values in polycarbonate plaques
including 0.35 and 0.1 by weight of Compound A or U V-1164.








The results in Table 7, demonstrate that the stability of polycarbonate
plaques containing 0.35% of Compound A is similar to polycarbonate plaques containing
0.35% UV-1164, as measured by YI values, when the plaques are subjected to oven aging
at 130°C. Similarly, Table 8 demonstrates that the stability of polycarbonate plaques
containing 0.35% or 0.1% of Compound A was considerably superior to the stability of
polycarbonate plaques containing 0.35% or 0.1% of UV-1164, as measured by YI, AE, and
?YI values, when the plaques are subjected to oven aging at 130°C.
Table 9 shows the effect of QUV accelerated weathering on YI, AE, and
?YI values in polycarbonate plaques including 0.35, 0.2% and 0.1 by weight of Compound
A or UV-1164.



The results in Table 9 demonstrates that the stability of polycarbonate
plaques containing 0.35% of Compound A was superior to or similar to the stability of
polycarbonate plaques containing 0.35% of UV-1164, as; measured by YI and AE values,
when the plaques are subjected to QUV accelerated weathering.
Table 10 shows the effect of xenon-arc accelerated weathering on YI values
in polycarbonate plaques including 0.35%, 0.2%, and 0.1% by weight of Compound A or
UV-1164. Table 11 shows the effect of xenon-arc accelerated weathering on YI, AE, and
?YI values in polycarbonate plaques including 0.2% and 0.1% by weight of Compound A
or UV-1164





The results in Tables 10 and 11 demonstrates that the stability of
polycarbonate plaques containing 0.35%, 0.2%, or 0.1% of Compound A was superior to
or similar to the stability of polycarbonate plaques containing 0.35%, 0.2%, or 0.1% of
UV-1164, as measured by YI, AE, and ?YI values, when the plaques are subjected to
xenon-arc accelerated weathering.
Table 12 shows the effect on YI values of exposing the polycarbonate
pellets to severe conditions during the injection molding process used to manufacture the
plaques. As noted above, plaques are typically processed with the nozzle side at 300 °C.
Under the severe conditions the plaques are processed at a temperature of 340 °C with the
compound filling the length of the injection molder barrel for either 40 seconds (severe 40
seconds) or for 5 minutes (severe 5 minutes).

The results in Table 12 demonstrates that the stability of polycarbonate
plaques containing 0.35% of Compound A was distinctly superior to the stability of
polycarbonate plaques containing 0.35% of UV-1164, as measured by YI values, when the
plaques are subjected to severe processing conditions.
Example 14. Comparison of the Performance of 2-f2-hvdroxv-4-octvloxyphenvl)-4.6-
bis(3.4-dimethvlphenvl-1,3,5-triazine (Compound A) Against 2-(2-hydroxy-4-
hexyloxyphenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1.3.5-triazine (Tinuvin-15771) in Polycarbonate Plaques.
Polycarbonate sample plaques were prepared as described in Example 13
containing 0.35%, 0.2%, or 0.1% by weight of Compound A or Tinuvin-1577
(commercially available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Inc. of Hawthorne, NY). The

sample plaques were tested for hydrolytic stability and subjected to xenon-arc accelerated
weathering, QUV accelerated weathering, and oven aging at 130°C according to the
procedures described in Example 13. The results of hydrolytic testing are provided in Table
13.

The results in Table 13 show that Compound A had no significant effect on
the hydrolytic stability of the polycarbonate plaques. Plaques containing Tinuvin-15 77,
however, appeared to show a definite increase in the melt flow index after being subjected
to high temperature and pressure.
Table 14 shows a comparison of the effect of oven aging on YI values in
polycarbonate plaques including 0.1% by weight of Compound A or 0.35% by weight of
Tinuvin-1577.

The results in Table 14 demonstrates that the stability of polycarbonate
plaques containing 0.1% of Compound A was consistently superior to the stability of

polycarbonate plaques containing 0.35% of Tinuvin-1577, as measured by YI values, when
the plaques are subjected to oven aging at 130°C. The results demonstrate that Compound
A is equally effective at stabilizing the polycarbonate plaque when Compound A is present
in a much lower loading than Tinuvin-1577.
Table 15 shows a comparison of the effect of QUV accelerated weathering
on YI values in polycarbonate plaques including 0.35% by weight of Compound A or
Tinuvin-1577.

The results in Table 15 demonstrates that the stability of polycarbonate
plaques containing 0.35% of Compound A was superior to the stability of polycarbonate
plaques containing 0.35% of Tinuvin-1577, as measured by YI values, when the plaques
are subjected to QUV accelerated weathering.
Table 16 shows the effect of severe conditions during the injection molding
process used to manufacture the plaques on YI values. Severe conditions are defined as in
Example 12.



The results in Table 16 demonstrates that the stability of polycarbonate
5 plaques containing 0.35% of Compound A was significantly better than the stability of
polycarbonate plaques containing 0.35% of Tinuvin-1577, as measured by YI values, when
the plaques are subjected to severe processing conditions.
Table 17 shows the effect of oven aging at 130°C on YI values in
polycarbonate plaques including 0.35,0.2%, and 0.1% by weight of Compound A or
Tinuvin-1577.



The results in Tables 17 demonstrates that the stability of polycarbonate
plaques containing 0.35%, 0.2%, or 0.1% of Compound A was significantly better than the

stability of polycarbonate plaques containing 0.35%, 0.2%, or0.1% of Tinuvin-1577, as
measured by YI values, when the plaques are subjected to oven aging at 130°C.
Table 18 shows the effect of xenon-arc accelerated weathering on YI values
in polycarbonate plaques including 0.35, 0.2% and 0.1% by weight of Compound A or
Tinuvin-1577.

The results in Tables 18 demonstrates that the stability of polycarbonate
plaques containing 0.35% of Compound A was superior to the stability of polycarbonate
plaques containing 0.35% of Tinuvin-1577, as measured by YI values, when the plaques
are subjected to xenon-arc accelerated weathering.
Overall the results show that Compound A is effective at stabilizing
polymeric compounds, such as polycarbonate, against discoloration. Moreover, the results
demonstrate that Compound A is superior to conventional triazine light stabilizers such as
UV-1164 and Tinuvin-1577.
The invention described and claimed herein is not to be limited in scope by
the specific embodiments herein disclosed, since these embodiments are intended as
illustrations of several aspects of the invention. Any equivalent embodiments are intended
to be within the scope of this invention. Indeed, various modifications of the invention in
addition to those shown and described herein will become apparent to those skilled in the
art from the foregoing description. Such modifications are also intended to fall within the
scope of the appended claims.





The results in Table 7, demonstrate that the stability of polycarbonate
plaques containing 0,35% of Compound A is similar to polycarbonate plaques containing
0.35% UV-1164, as measured by YI values, when the plaques are subjected to oven aging
at 130°C. Similarly, Table 8 demonstrates that the stability of polycarbonate plaques
containing 0.35% or 0.1% of Compound A was considerably superior to the stability of
polycarbonate plaques containing 0.35% or 0.1% of UV-1164, as measured by YI, AE, and
?YI values, when the plaques are subjected to oven aging at 130°C.
Table 9 shows the effect of QUV accelerated weathering on YI, AE, and
?YI values in polycarbonate plaques including 0.35, 0.2% and 0.1 by weight of Compound
A or UV-1164.

WE CLAIM:
1. A compound of formula II

wherein each Z is nitrogen;
X is independently selected from hydrogen and a blocking group;
C is either


each of L is a
straight alkyl, branched alkyl or cycloalkyl of between 1 and 20 carbons
optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, having one or more
of the hydrogens in the alkyl chain substituted for a by a hydroxyl group, or
terminating with a carbonyl functionality of general structure -CO-M,
wherein M is a ORx, NRxRy wherein Rx and Ry are independently
hydrogen or an alkyl group of between 1 and 8 carbons that optionally
have one or more of the hydrogens substituted for by a hydroxyl group;
each of R3 and R4 are independently a
hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano,-O(hydrocarbyl),
-O(functional hydrocarbyl),-N(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl),
-N(hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl),-N(functional
hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl),-S(hydrocarbyl),-S(functional
hydrocarbyl),-SO2 (hydrocarbyl),
-SO3(hycrocarbyl),SO2(functional hydrocarbyl), -SO3 functional
hydrocarbyl),
-COO(hydrocarbyl),-COO(functional hydrocarbyl),-CO(hydrocarbyl),
-CO(functionalhydrocarbyl), -OCO(hydrocarbyl),-OCO(functional

hydrocarbyl),-CONH2, -CONH (hydrocarbyl)-CONH(functional
hydrocarbyl), CON (hydrocarbyl) (hydrocarbyl),-CON(functional
hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl)-CON(functional hydrocabyl)(functional
hydrocarbyl), or a hydrocarbyl group substituted by any of the above
groups; and
each R1 and R2 is identical or different and is independently a hydrocarbyl group
of between 1 and 20 carbons, which R1 and R2 are attached to an aromatic
benzene ring so that they are ortho to each other.
2. The compound of claim 1, wherein R3 and R4 is independently selected
from hydrogen, and an alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms wherein one or
more of the hydrogens in the alkyl chain may optionally be substituted
with the nitrogen of an amine.
3. The compound of claim 1, wherein each R1 and R2 is individually a Ci
to C10 straight chain alkyl, branched alkyl, or cycloalkyl.
4. The compound of claim 3, wherein R1 and R2 are attached to the
aromatic benzene ring at the 3 and 4 position relative to the point of
attachment of the triazine ring.
2.
5. The compound of claim 4, wherein R1 and R2 are attached to the aromatic benzene
ring at the 2 and 3 position relative to the point of attachment of the triazine ring.
6. The compound of claim 5, wherein C is

7. The compound of claim 6, wherein each R1 and R2 are methyl groups.
8. A compound of formula (III):

wherein each Z is a nitrogen;
X is independently selected from hydrogen and a blocking group;
C is either

r is an integer between 2 and 4;
each of L is independently a
hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, -SO2(hydrocarbyl), -SO3,(hydrocarbyl), -SO2(functional
hydrocarbyl), -SO3(functional hydrocarbyl), -COO(hydrocarbyl), -COO(functional
hydrocarbyl), -CO(hydrocarbyl), -CO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CONH2, -
CONH(hydrocarbyl), -CONH(functional hydrocarbyl), -CON

(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -
CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl), or a hydrocarbyl group
substituted by any of the above groups;
each of R3 and R4 are independently a
hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, -O(hydrocarbyl), -O(functional
hydrocarbyl), -N(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -N(hydrocarbyl)(functional
hydrocarbyl), -N(functional hydrocarbyl) (functional hydrocarbyl), -S(hydrocarbyl),
-S(functional hydrocarbyl), -SO2(hydrocarbyl), -SO3(hydrocarbyl), -SO2(functional
hydrocarbyl), -SO3(functional hydrocarbyl), -COO(hydrocarbyl), -COO(functional
hydrocarbyl), -CO(hydrocarbyl), -CO(functional hydrocarbyl), -OCO(hydrocarbyl),
-OCO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CONH2, -CONH(hydrocarbyl), -CONH(functional
hydrocarbyl), -CON (hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional
hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl),
or a hydrocarbyl group substituted by any of the above groups;
each R1 and R2 is identical or different and is independently a hydrocarbyl group of
between 1 and 20 carbons, wherein R1 and P,2 are attached to an aromatic benzene
ring so that they are ortho to each other,
D, when r is 2, is selected from the group consisting of C1-C16 alkylene, C4-Cl2 alkenylene,
xylylene, C4-C20, alkylene which is interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms,
hydroxy-substituted C3-C20 alkyl which is interrupted by one or more oxygen
atoms, --CH2CH(OH)CH2O—R15—OCH2CH(OH)CH2-, —CO—R16—CO—,
—CO—NH—R17—NH—CO—,—(CH2)s,—COO—R18—OCO—(CH2) —
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XX
-CH2CH(OH)CH2-O-(CH2-(CH2)w-O-)mm-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2,- (XX),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXI
-CO-(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-(CH2)u-CO- (XXI),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXII
-YY-O-CO(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-(CH2)u-COO-YY- (XXII),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXIII
-(CH2)kk-CH(R21)-CO-B1(CnnH2nn-O-)mmCnnH2nn-B1-CO-CH(R21) (XXIII),
-(CH2)kk-

a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXIV
-COCH(R21)CH2NH (CnnH2nnO)mm CnnH2nn-NHCH2-CH(R21)CO- (XXIV),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXV
(CH2)2COO-YY- (XXV),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXVI
and a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXVII
-CH(CH3)-CH2-(O-CH(CH3)-CH2)a-(O-CH2-CH2)b-(O-CH2-
CH(CH3)c- (XXVII),
wherein a + c = 2.5 and b = 8.5 to 40.5 or a + c = 2 to 33 and b = 0,
R15 is C2-C10 alkylene, C2-C10 oxaalkylene or C2-C10 dithiaalkylene,
phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene, or
phenylene-XX-phenylene wherein XX is —O—, —S—,
—SO2—, —CH2— or—C(CH3)2—;
R16 is C2-C10 alkylene, C2-C10 oxaalkylene or C2-C10 dithiaalkylene,
phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene
provided that when r is 3 the alkenylene has at least 3
carbons;
R17 is C2-Cl0 alkylene, phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene,
or C2-C6 alkenylene, methylenediphenylene, or C4-C,s
alkylphenylene; and
R18 is C2-Cl0 alkylene, or C4-C20 alkylene interrupted by one or more
oxygen atoms;
R21 is hydrogen or C1-Cl6 alkyl;
YY is unsubstituted or substituted C2-C20 alkyl;
B1 is NH or O;
kk is zero or an integer from 1-16;
mm is an integer from 2 to 60;
nn is an integer from 2 to 6;
s is 1-6;
u is an integer from 1 to 4;




wherein X is selected from hydrogen and a blocking group;
r is an integer between 2 and 4;
each of L is independently a
hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, -SO2(hydrocarbyl), -SO3(hydrocarbyl),
-SO2(functional hydrocarbyl), -SO3(functional hydrocarbyl),
-COO(hydrocarbyl), -COO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CO(hydrocarbyl),
-CO(functionaI hydrocarbyl), -CONH2, -CONH(hydrocarbyl),
-CONH(functional hydrocarbyl), -CON (hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl),
-CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional
hydrocarbylXfunctional hydrocarbyl), or a hydrocarbyl group substituted by
any of the above groups;
each of R3 and R4 are independently a
hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, -O(hydrocarbyl),
-O(functional hydrocarbyl), -N(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -
N(hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl), -N(functional
hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl), -S(hydrocarbyl), -S(functional
hydrocarbyl), -SO2(hydrocarbyl), -SO3(hydrocarbyl), -SO2(functional
hydrocarbyl), -SO3(functional hydrocarbyl), -COO(hydrocarbyI),
-COO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CO(hydrocarbyl), -CO(functional
hydrocarbyl), -OCO(hydrocarbyl), -OCO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CONH2,
-CONH(hydrocarbyl), -CONH(functional hydrocarbyl), -CON
(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl),
-CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl), or a hydrocarbyl
group substituted by any of the above groups;
each R1 and R2 is identical or different and is independently a hydrocarbyl group of
between 1 and 20 carbons, wherein R1 and R2 are attached to an aromatic
benzene ring so that they are ortho to each other;
X' when r is 2, is selected from the group consisting of C1-C16 alkylene, C4-C12
alkenylene, xylylene, C4-C20 alkylene which is interrupted by one or more
oxygen atoms, hydroxy-substituted C3-C20 alkyl which is interrupted by one
or more oxygen atoms, —CH2CH(OH)CH2O—R15—OCH2CH(OH)CH2-,

—CO—R16—CO— —CO—NH—R17—NH—CO—,
—(CH2) —COO—R18—OCO—(CH2),—
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XX
-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-CH2-CH(OH)
-CH2- (XX),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXI
-CO-(CH2)u -O-(CH2-(CH2)u -O-)mm--(CH2)u-CO- (XXI),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXII
-YY-O-CO(CH2)u-O-(CH2-(CH2)u-O-)mm-(CH2)u-COO-YY- (XXII),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXIII
-(CH2)kk-CH(R21)-CO-B1-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm CnnH2nn-B1-CO-CH(R21)-
(CH2)kk (XXIII),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXIV
-COCH(R21)CH2NH(CnnH2nnO)mmCnnH2nn-NHCH2-CH(R21)CO- (XXIV)
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXV
-YY-O-CO-(CH2)2-NH-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm-CnnH2nn-NH-
(CH2)2COO-YY- (XXV),
a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXVI
-(CnnH2nn-O-)mm -CnnH2nn- (xxvi),
and a polyoxyalkylene bridge member of the formula XXVII
-CH(CH3)-CH2-(O-CH(CH3)-CH2)a-(O-CH2-CH2)b-(O-CH2
CH(CH3)c- (XXVII),
wherein a + c = 2.5 and b = 8.5 to 40.5 or a + c = 2 to 33 and b = 0,
R'5 is C2-C10 alkylene, C2-C10 oxaalkylene or C2-C10 dithiaalkylene,
phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene, or
phenylene-XX-phenylene wherein XX is —O—, —S—,
—SO2— —CH2—, or —C(CH3)2—;
R16 is C2-C10 alkylene, C2-C10 oxaalkylene or C2-C10 dithiaalkylene,
phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene, or C2-C6 alkenylene
provided that when r is 3 the alkenylene has at least 3
carbons;

R17 is C2-C10 alkylene, phenylene, naphthylene, diphenylene,
or C2-C6 alkenylene, methylenediphenylene, or C4-Cl5
alkylphenylene; and
R18 is C2-C10 alkylene, or C4-C20 alkylene interrupted by one or more
oxygen atoms;
R21 is hydrogen or C1-Cl6 alkyl;
YY is unsubstituted or substituted C2-C20 alkyl;
B1is NH or O;
kk is zero or an integer from 1-16;
mm is an integer from 2 to 60;
nn is an integer from 2 to 6;
s is 1-6;
u is an integer from 1 to 4;
when r is 3, X' is

and when r is 4, X' is

wherein R19 is C3-Cl0 alkanetriyl and R20 is C4-C10 alkanetetryl.
11. The compound of claim 10, X is hydrogen; C is



each R, and R2 is individuallya C1 to C10 straight chain alkyl, branched alkyl, or cycloalkyl;
and R3 and R4 are each hydrogen.

12. A compound of formula (V):

wherein each Z is independently nitrogen or methine, and at least two Z are nitrogen, to
form a triazine or pyrimidine ring;
X is independently selected from hydrogen and a blocking group;
C is
r is 2;
each of L is independently a
hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, -SO2(hydrocarbyl), -SO3(hydrocarbyl),
-SO2(functional hydrocarbyl), -SO3(functional hydrocarbyl),
-COO(hydrocarbyI), -COO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CO(hydrocarbyl),
-CO(functional hydrocarbyl), -OCO(hydrocarbyl), -OCO(functional
hydrocarbyl), -CONH2, -CONH(hydrocarbyl), -CONH(functional hydrocarbyl), -
CON (hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -
CON(functional hydrocarbyl)(fonctional hydrocarbyl), or a hydrocarbyl group
substituted by any of the above groups;
each of R3 is independently a
hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, -O(hydrocarbyl),
-O(functional hydrocarbyl), -N(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -
N(hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl), -N(functional
hydrocarbyl)(functional hydrocarbyl), -S(hydrocarbyl), -S(functional

hydrocarbyl), -SO2(hydrocarbyl), -SO3(hydrocarbyI), -SO2(functional
hydrocarbyl), -SO3(functional hydrocarbyl), -COO(hydrocarbyl),
-COO(functionaI hydrocarbyl), -CO(hydrocarbyl), -CO(funcrional
hydrocarbyl), -OCO(hydrocarbyl), -OCO(functional hydrocarbyl), -CONH2,
-CONH(hydrocarbyl), -CONH(functionaI hydrocarbyl), -CON
(hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -CON(functionai hydrocarbyl)(hydrocarbyl), -
CON(functional hydrocarbylXfunctional hydrocarbyl), or a hydrocarbyl
group substituted by any of the above groups;
each R1 and R2 is identical or different and is independently a hydrocarbyl group of
between 1 and 20 carbons, wherein R1 and R2 are attached to an aromatic
benzene ring so that they are ortho to each other; and
R4 is selected from the group consisting of straight chain alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon
atoms, branched chain alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12
carbon atoms, alkyl substituted by cyclohexyl, alkyl interrupted by
cyclohexyl, alkyl substituted by phenylene, alkyl interrupted by phenylene,
benzylidene, —S—, —S—S—, —S—E—S—, —SO—, —SO2—,
—SO—E—SO—, —SO2—E—SO2—, —CH2—NH—E—NH—CH2—,
and

wherein E is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms,
cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, alkyl interrupted by cyclohexyl of 8 to 12
carbon atoms, and alkyl terminated by cyclohexyl of 8 to 12 carbon atoms.
13. The compound of claim 12, wherein X is hydrogen; C is


each R1 and R2 is individually a C1 to Cl0 straight chain alkyl, branched alkyl, or cycloalkyl;
and R3 is a hydrogen.
14. A method of stabilizing a material comprising the step of contacting said material
with the compounds of claims 1,11, 13 or 15.
15". The method of claim 14 wherein said material to be stabilized is selected from the
group consisting of: polyolefins. polyesters, polyethers, polyketones, polyamides, natural
and synthetic rubbers, polyurethanes, polystyrenes, high-impact polystyrenes,
polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyacetals, polyacrylonitriles, polybutadienes,
polystyrenes, ABS, styrene acrylonitrile, acrylate styrene acrylonitrile, cellulosic acetate
butyrate, cellulosic polymers, polyimides, polyamideimides, polyetherimides,
polyphenylsulfides, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfones, polyethersulfones,
polyvinylchlorides, polycarbonates, polyketones, aliphatic polyketones, thermoplastic
TPO's, aminoresin crosslinked polyacrylates and polyesters, polyisocyanate crosslinked
polyesters and polyacrylates, phenol/formaldehyde, urea/formaldehyde and
melamine/formaldehyde resins, drying and non-drying alkyd resins, alkyd resins, polyester
resins, acrylate resins cross-linked with melamine resins, urea resins, isocyanates,
isocyanurates, carbamates, epoxy resins, cross-linked epoxy resins derived from aliphatic,
cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic and aromatic glycidyl compounds, which are cross-linked with
anhydrides or amines, polysiloxanes, Michael addition polymers, amines, blocked amines
with activated unsaturated and methylene compounds, ketimine's with activated unsaturated
and methylene compounds, polyketimines in combination with unsaturated acrylic
polyacetoacetate resins, polyketimines in combination with unsaturated acrylic resins,
radiation curable compositions, epoxymelamine resins, organic dyes, cosmetic products,
cellulose-based paper formulations, photographic film paper, ink, and mixtures thereof.
16. The method of claim 9 wherein the amount of said compounds is about 0.1 to
about 20% by weight based on the material to be stabilized.
17 A composition comprising
(a) the triazine compounds of claims 1, 11, 13 or 15; and

(b) at least one other additive selected from the group consisting of: UV-absorbers and
light stabilizers, and antioxidants.
18. The composition of claim 17 wherein said at least one other additive is selected
from the group consisting of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles, oxamides,
2-(2-hydroxphenyl)-1,3,5-triazines, 2-hydroxybenzophenones, sterically hindered amines
and hindered phenol antioxidants.
13. The composition of claim 17 wherein said at least one additive is selected from the
group consisting of: 2-{2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole;
2-(3',5'-di-tert-buryl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole;
2-(5'-tert-buryl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole;
2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(1,l,3,3-tetramethylburyl)phenyl)benzotriazo1e;
2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorooenzotriazole;
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole;
2-(3,-sec-butyl-5,-tert-butyl-2,-hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriazole;
2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-odoxyphenyl)benzotriazole;
2-(3',5'-di-tert-amyl-2'-flydroxphenyl)benzotriazole;
2-(3',5'-bis(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriazole,- a mixture of
2-(3,-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazo;e,
2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-carbonylethyl]-2'-hyaroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotri
azole,
2-(3,-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole,
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5,-(2-methoxycarbonyiethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(3,-tert-buryl-2,-hydroxy-5,-(2-octyloxycarbonyIethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(3'-tert-butyl-5,-[2-{2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(3 '-dodecyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl) benzotriazole and
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-isoocryloxycarbonylethyl)phenylbenzotriazole;
2,2-methyIenebis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-benzotriazo!-2-ylphenol], the
transesterification product of
2-[3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyI)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]benzotriazole with

polyethylene glycol 300; [R-CH2CH-COO(CH2)3]2 B where R =
3'-tert-buryl-4'-hydroxy-5,-2H-benzotriazol-2-ylphenyl;
bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpipcridin-4-yl)sebacate;
bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)succinate;
bis( 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate;
bis( 1 -octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate;
bis( 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) n-butyl
3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate; the condensate of
I-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid; the
condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and
4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine; tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)
nitrilotriacetate; tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)- 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxyIate;
1,1 '-(1,2-ethanediyI)bis(3,3,5,5-tetraraethylpiperazinone);
4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-etramethylpiperidine;4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetrarnethylpiperidine;
bis(l,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-2-n-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl)
malonate; 3-n-octyI-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dione;
bis(I-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)sebacate;
bis(l-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)succinate; the condensate of
N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylencdiamineand
4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-l,3,5-triazine; the condensate of
2-chIoro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-l,3,5-triazineand
1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane; the condensate of
2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-l,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-l,3»5-triazineand
1,2-bis-(3- aminopropylamino)ethane;
8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione;
3-dodecyl-1 -{2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidin-2,5-dione;
3-dodecyl-1-(1-ethanoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpipcridin-4-yl)pyrrolidin-2,5-dione;
3-dodecyl-l-(l,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione; a mixture of
4-hexadecyloxy- and 4-stcaryloxy-2,2,6,6-tctramethylpiperidine; the condensate of
N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpipcridin-4-yl)hexamethylencdiamine and
4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichIoro-l,3,5-triazinc; the condensate of
1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and

4-burylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine;
2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4.5]decane;
oxo-piperanzinyl-triazines and the reaction product of
7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4.5] decane and
epichlorohydrin;
2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-4-ocryloxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine;
2-(2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxypheny!)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimediylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine;
2-(2-hydroxy-4-(mixed iso-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine;
2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine;
2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-propyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-l,3,5-triazine;
2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine;
2-(2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine;
2-(2-hydroxy-4-tridecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine;
2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-butyloxypropyloxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylpheny 1)-1,3,
5-triazine;
2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-octyIoxypropyloxy)-phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,
5-triazine; 2-[4-dodecyloxy/tridecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-
dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine;
2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-b.ydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-
1,3,5-triazine; 2-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxy)phenyl-4,6-diphenyl-l,3,5-triazine;
2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine;
2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butoxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-l,3,5-triazine;
2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine,
2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone; 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone;
2-hydroxy-4-octyloxybenzophenone;2-hydroxy-4-decyloxybenzophenone;
2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxybenzophenone; 2-hydroxy-4-benzyloxybenzophenone,
4,2',4-trishydroxybenzophenone; 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone;
l,3,5-tris(2,6-dimethyl-4-tert-butyl-3hydroxybenzyI)isocyanurate;
l,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyI)isocyanurate;
l,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyI)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene;
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphcnol; 2,2'-ethylidene-bis(4,6-di-tert-burylphenol);

l,I,3-tris(5-tert-buryl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane; esters of
b-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols;
esters of b-(5-tcrt-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-inethyIphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or
polyhydric alcohols; dimethyI-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate;
diethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate;
dioctadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyIphosphonate;
dioctadecyI-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyIbenzylphosphonate; and the calcium salt of the
monoethyl ester of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyben2ylphosphonic acid; amides of
b-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid such as
N,N1-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamine;
N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)(Timethylenediamine; and
N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazine.
20. The composition of claim 17 further comprising a material to be stabilized, said
material selected from the group consisting of: polyolefins, polyesters, polyethers,
polyketones, polyamides, natural and synthetic rubbers, polyurethanes, polystyrenes,
high-impact polystyrenes, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyacetals, polyacrylonitriles,
polybutadienes, polystyrenes, ABS, styrene acrylonitrile, acrylate styrene acrylonitrile,
cellulosic acetate buryrate, cellulosic polymers, polyimides, polyamideimides,
polyetherimides, polyphenylsulfides, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfoncs,
polyethersulfones, polyvinylchlorides, polycarbonates, polyketones, aliphatic polyketones,
thermoplastic TPO's, aminoresin crosslinked polyacrylates and polyesters, polyisocyanate
crosslinked polyesters and polyacrylates, phenol/formaldehyde, urea/formaldehyde and
melamine/formaldehyde resins, drying and non-drying alkyd resins, alkyd resins, polyester
resins, acrylate resins cross-linked with melamine resins, urea resins, isocyanates,
isocyanurates, carbamates, epoxy resins, cross-linked epoxy resins derived from aliphatic,
cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic and aromatic glycidyl compounds, which are cross-linked with
anhydrides or amines, polysiloxanes, Michael addition polymers, amines, blocked amines
with activated unsaturated and methylene compounds, ketimines with activated unsaturated
and methylene compounds, polyketimines in combination with unsaturated acrylic
polyacetoacetatc resins, polyketimines in combination with unsaturated acrylic resins,

radiation curable compositions, epoxymelamine resins, organic dyes, cosmetic products,
cellulose-based paper formulations, photographic film paper, ink, and mixtures thereof.
21. A compound of formula (XXXII)

wherein each Z is independently nitrogen or methine, and at least two Z are nitrogen, to
form a triazine or pyrimidine ring;
each R1 and R2 is identical or different and is independently a hydrocarbyl group of
between 1 and 20 carbons, wherein R1 and R2 are attached to an aromatic benzene
ring so that they are ortho to each other; and
Hal is a halogen.
The invention relates generally to pyrimidines and triazines ultraviolet light abosrbers containing a phenolic aromatic
groups(s) and a non-phenolic aromatic groups(s) and the use thereof to protect agains degradation by environmental forces, inclusive
of ultraviolet light, actinic radiation, oxiddation, moisture, atmospheric pollutants, and combinations thereof. The new class
ofpyrimidines and triazines includes two (one) non-phenlic aromatic groups with hydrocarbyl groups that are ortho to each other
and one (two) resorcinol or substituted resorcinol group attached to a triazine or pyrimidine ring. The pyrimidines and triazines may
be included in a polymeric structure. A method for stabiling a material by incorporating the novel pyrimidines and triazines is also
disclosed.

Documents:

439-kolnp-2003-granted-abstract.pdf

439-kolnp-2003-granted-assignment.pdf

439-kolnp-2003-granted-claims.pdf

439-kolnp-2003-granted-correspondence.pdf

439-kolnp-2003-granted-description (complete).pdf

439-kolnp-2003-granted-examination report.pdf

439-kolnp-2003-granted-form 1.pdf

439-kolnp-2003-granted-form 18.pdf

439-kolnp-2003-granted-form 2.pdf

439-kolnp-2003-granted-form 3.pdf

439-kolnp-2003-granted-form 5.pdf

439-kolnp-2003-granted-gpa.pdf

439-kolnp-2003-granted-reply to examination report.pdf

439-kolnp-2003-granted-specification.pdf

439-kolnp-2003-granted-translated copy of priority document.pdf


Patent Number 225445
Indian Patent Application Number 439/KOLNP/2003
PG Journal Number 46/2008
Publication Date 14-Nov-2008
Grant Date 12-Nov-2008
Date of Filing 09-Apr-2003
Name of Patentee CYREC TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
Applicant Address 300 DELAWARE AVENUE, WILMINGTON, STATE OF DELAWARE 19801
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 GUPTA RAM B. 511 WEST MAINS STREET, UNIT 19, STANDFORD, CT 06902
2 SINGH HARGURPREET 2, BEHRLE DRIVE, ANSONIA, CT 06401
3 CAPPADONA, RUSSELL, C 63 VALLEY VIEW COURT, NORWALK, CT 06851
4 PATERNA, MARK 16 GLENWOOD AVENUE, APT. 7, NORWALK, CT 06854
5 WAGNER, AT 200 BEAVER DAM ACCESS ROAD, STRATFORD, CT 06614
PCT International Classification Number C07D 251/24
PCT International Application Number PCT/US2001/32209
PCT International Filing date 2001-10-16
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 09/698,368 2000-10-30 U.S.A.