Title of Invention

" ECTEINASCIDIN COMPOUND"

Abstract Compounds having a fused ecteinascidin five ring system with a 1,4 bridge having the structure of formula (Via or VIb) and compounds in which the -NH2 or -OH of the 1,4 bridge is derivatised are disclosed. Such compounds are useful in the treatment of tumours.
Full Text ANTITUMORAL ECTEINASCIDIN DERIVATIVES
The present invention relates to antitumoral ecteinascidin derivatives.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The ecteinascidins are exceedingly potent antitumour agents isolated from the marine tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata. Several ecteinascidins have been reported previously in the patent and scientific literature.
U.S. Patent N° 5,256,663 describes pharmaceutical compositions comprising matter extracted from the tropical marine invertebrate, Ecteinascidia turbinata, and designated therein as ecteinascidins, and the use of such compositions as antibacterial, anti-viral, and/or antitumour agents in mammals.
U.S. Patent N° 5,089,273 describes novel compositions of matter extracted from the tropical marine invertebrate, Ecteinascidia turbinata, and designated therein as ecteinascidins 729, 743, 745, 759A, 759B and 770. These compounds are useful as antibacterial and / or antitumour agents in mammals.
U.S. Patent N° 5,478,932 describes ecteinascidins isolated from the Caribbean tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata, which provide in vivo protection against P388 lymphoma, B16 melanoma, M5076 ovarian sarcoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, and the LX-1 human lung and MX-1 human mammary carcinoma xenografts.
U.S. Patent N° 5,654,426 describes several ecteinascidins isolated from the Caribbean tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata, which provide in vivo protection against

P388 lymphoma, B16 melanoma, M5076 ovarian sarcoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, and the LX-1 human lung and MX-1 human mammary carcinoma xenografts.
U.S. Patent N°. 5,721,362 describes a synthetic process for the formation of ecteinascidin compounds and related structures.
WO 00/69862, from which the present application claims priority, describes the synthesis of ecteinascidin compounds from cyanosafracin B.
The interested reader is also referred to: Corey, E.J., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118 pp. 9202-9203; Rinehart, et al., Journal of National Products, 1990, "Bioactive Compounds from Aquatic and Terrestrial Sources", vol. 53, pp. 771-792; Rinehart et al., Pure and Appl. Chem., 1990, "Biologically active natural products", vol 62, pp. 1277-1280; Rinehart, et al., J. Org. Chem., 1990, "Ecteinascidins 729, 743, 745, 759A, 759B, and 770: Potent Antitumour Agents from the Caribbean Tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata", vol. 55, pp. 4512-4515; Wright et al., J. Org. Chem., 1990, "Antitumour Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids from the Colonial Ascidian Ecteinascidia turbinata", vol. 55, pp. 4508-4512; Sakai et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1992, "Additional antirumour ecteinascidins from a Caribbean tunicate: Crystal structures and activities in vivo", vol. 89, 11456-11460; Science 1994, "Chemical Prospectors Scour the Seas for Promising Drugs", vol. 266,pp. 1324; Koenig. K.E.. "Asymmetric Synthesis", ed Morrison, Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, FL, vol. 5, 1985,p. 71; Barton, et al., J. Chem Soc. Perkin Trans., 1, 1982, "Synthesis and Properties of a Series of Sterically Hindered Guanidine Bases", pp. 2085; Fukuyama et al., J. Am Chem. Soc., 1982, "Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (+) - Saframycin B", vol. 104,pp. 4957; Fukuyama et al., J. Am Chem Soc., 1990, "Total Synthesis of (+) - Saframycin A", vol. 112, p. 3712; Saito, et al., J. Org. Chem., 1989, "Synthesis of Saframycins. Preparation of a Key Tricyclic Lactam Intermediate to Saframycin A", vol. 54, 5391; Still, et al., J. Org. Chem., 1978, "Rapid Chromatographic Technique for Preparative Separations with Moderate Resolution", vol. 43, p. 2923; Kofron, W.G.; Baclawski, L.M., J. Org. Chem., 1976, vol. 41, 1879; Guan et al., J. Biomolec. Struc. & Dynam., vol. 10 pp. 793-817 (1993); Shamma et al., "Carbon-

13 NMR Shift Assignments of Amines and Alkaloids", p. 206 (1979); Lown et al., Biochemistry, 21, 419-428 (1982); Zmijewski et al., Chem. Biol. Interactions, 52, 361-375 (1985); Ito, CRC CRTT. Rev. Anal. Chem., 17, 65-143 (1986); Rinehart et al., "Topics in Pharmaceutical Sciences 1989" pp. 613-626, D. D. Breimer, DJ. A. Cromwelin, K.K. Midha, Eds., Amsterdam Medical Press B.V., Noordwijk, The Netherlands (1989); Rinehart et al., "Biological Mass Spectrometry," 233-258 eds. Burlingame et al., Elsevier Amsterdam (1990); Guan et al., Jour. Biomolec. Struct. & Dynam., vol. 10 pp. 793-817 (1993); Nakagawa et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., Ill: 2721-2722 (1989); Lichter et al., "Food and Drugs from the Sea Proceedings" (1972), Marine Technology Society, Washington, D.C.1973, 117-127; Sakai et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9017; Garcia-Rocha et al., Brit. J. Cancer, 1996, 73: 875-883; and Pommier et al., Biochemistry, 1996, 35: 13303-13309; Rinehart, K.L., Med. Res. Rev., 2000, 20, 1-27 and I. Manzanares et al, Org. Lett., 2000, 2(16), 2545-2548.
The most promising ecteinascidin is ecteinascidin 743, which is undergoing clinical trials for treatment of cancers. Et 743 has a complex tris(tetrahydroisoquinolinephenol) structure of the following formula (I):
(Figure Remove)
It is currently prepared by isolation from extracts of the marine tunicate Ecteinascidin turbinata. The yield is low, and alternative preparative processes have been sought.
The ecteinascidins include a fused system of five rings (A) to (£) as shown in the following structure of formula (XIV):
(Figure Remove)

In ecteinascidin 743, the 1,4 bridge has the structure of formula (IV):
(Figure Remove)


Other known ecteinascidins include compounds with a different bridged cyclic ring system, such as occurs in ecteinascidin 722 and 736, where the bridge has the structure of formula (V):
(Figure Remove)


ecteinascidins 583 and 597, where the bridge has the structure of formula (VI):
(Figure Remove)

H ''NH2 and ecteinascidin 594 and 596, where the bridge has the structure of formula (VII):
(Figure Remove)

The complete structure for these and related compounds is given in J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1996)118,9017-9023.
Further compounds are known with the fused five ring system. In general, they lack the bridged cyclic ring system which is present in the ecteinascidins. They include the bis(terrahydroisoquinolinequinone) antitumor-antimicrobial antibiotics safracins and saframycins, and the marine natural products renieramicins and xestomycin isolated from cultured microbes or sponges. They all have a common dimeric tetrahydroisoquinoline carbon framework. These compounds can be classified into four types, types I to IV, with respect to the oxidation pattern of the aromatic rings.
Type I, dimeric isoquinolinequinones, is a system of formula (VET) most commonly occuring in this class of compounds, see the following table I.
Table I Structure of Type I Saframycin Antibiotics
(Table Remove)


° assignments are interchangeable. b where the group Q is of formula (IX):
(Figure Remove)

Type I aromatic rings are seen in saframycins A, B and C; G and H; and S isolated from Streptomyces lavendulae as minor components. A cyano derivative of saframycin A, called cyanoquinonamine, is known from Japanese Kokai JP-A2 59/225189 and 60/084288. Saframycins Y3, Yd,, Adi and Yd2 were produced by S. lavendulae by directed biosynthesis, with appropriate supplementation of the culture medium. Saframycins Yjb and Y2b-d dimers formed by linking the nitrogen on the C-25 of one unit to the C-14 of the other,have also been produced in supplemented culture medium of 5. lavendulae. Saframycins ARi (=AH2), a microbial reduction product of saframycin A at C-25 produced by Rhodococcus amidophilus, is also prepared by nonstereoselective chemical reduction of saframycin A by sodium borohydnde as a 1:1 mixture of epimers followed by chromatographic separation (the other isomer AHi is less polar). The further reduction product saframycin ARa, 21-decyano-25-dihydro-saframycin A, (= 25-dihydrosaframycin B) was produced by the same microbial conversion. Another type of microbial conversion of saframycin A using a Nocardia species produced saframycin B and further reduction by a Mycobacterium species produced saframycin AH1 Ac. The 25-O-acetates of saframycin AH2 and AHi have also been prepared chemically for biological studies.
Type I compounds of formula (X) have also been isolated from marines sponges, see Table II.
Table n Structures of Type I Compounds from Marine Sponges

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Renieramycins A-D were isolated from the antimicrobial extract of a sponge, a Reniera species collected in Mexico, along with the biogenetically related monomeric isoquinolines renierone and related compounds. The structure of renieramycin A was initially assigned with inverted stereochemistry at C-3, C-11, and C-13. However, careful examination of the !H NMR data for new, related compounds renieramycins E and F, isolated from the same sponge collected in Palau, revealed that the ring junction of renieramycins was identical to that of saframycins. This result led to the conclusion that the formerly assigned stereochemistry of renieramycins A to D must be the same as that of saframycins.
Xestomycin was found in a sponge, a Xestospongia species collected from Sri Lankan waters.
Type II compounds of formula (XI) with a reduced hydroquinone ring include saframycins D and F, isolated from 5. lavendulae, and saframycins Mx-1 and Mx-2, isolated from Myxococcus xanthus. See table III.
(Figure Remove)
(Table Remove)
The type El skeleton is found in the antibiotics safracins A and B, isolated from cultured Pseudomonasfluorescens. These antibiotics of fonnula (XII) consist of a tetrahydroisoquinoline-quinone subunit and a tetrahydroisoquinolinephenol subunit.
(Figure Remove)

Where R21 is -H in safracin A and is -OH in safracin B.
Saframycin R, the only compound classified as the Type IV skeleton, was also isolated from S. lavendulae. This compound of formula (XIII), consisting of a hydroquinone ring with a glycolic ester side chain on one of the phenolic oxygens, is conceivably a pro-drug of saframycin A because of its moderate toxicity.

(Figure Remove)



These known compounds include the fused system of five rings of the formula (XIV):
(Figure Remove)
In this text, we refer to this ring structure as the fused ecteinascidin five ring system, though it will be appreciated that the rings A and E are phenolic in the ecteinascidins and some other compounds, while in other compounds, notably the saframycins, the rings A and £ are quinolic. In the compounds, the rings B and D are tetrahydro, while ring C is perhydro.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides compounds having the fused ecteinascidin five ring system and related to ecteinascidins 583 and 597. In ecteinascidins 583 and 597 the 1,4 bridge has the structure of formula (Via):
(Figure Remove)

Certain compounds of this invention have the fused five ring system of ecteinascidins and the bridge structure of formula (Via), with the -NH2 optionally derivatised. These compounds can be acylated on the -CHNH2- group present in the formula (VI). Other derivative compounds of this invention comprise those where this -CHNH2- group is replaced by a group - CHNHXt or -C(X2)2- where Xi or X2 are as
defined. The remaining substiruents on the fused ecteinascidin five ring system can be the same as those on natural compounds, particularly natural ecteinascidins, or different.
Other compounds of this invention have the fused five ring system of ecteinascidins and the bridge structure of formula (VIb) in which the -NH2 group on the bridge has been replaced with an -OH group which may be optionally derivatised. These compounds can be acylated on the -CHOH- group present in the formula (VIb). Other derivative compounds of this invention comprise those where this -CHOH- group is replaced by a group - CHOXi or -C(X2)2- where Xi or X2 are as defined. The remaining substiruents on the fused ecteinascidin five ring system can be the same as those on natural compounds, particularly natural ecteinascidins, or different.
In the compounds of this invention, the stereochemistry of the bridgehead carbon atom bearing the -OH or -NH2 group (or substituted derivatives thereof) can be the same as that of the natural compounds, particularly natural ecteinascidins, or different.
In the compounds of this invention, the fused system of five rings (A) to (£) of formula (XIV) can be as in the ecteinascidins, or may be as in other related compounds. Thus the rings A and E can be phenolic or quinolic; the rings B and D are tetrahydro, and ring C is perhydro.
Compounds of this invention exhibit antitumor activity, and the invention provides pharamaceutical compositions of the compounds, along with methods for preparing the compositions and methods of treatment using the compounds or compositions.
The invention also provides new hemisynthetic and synthetic routes to the compounds of this invention.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The fiised system of five rings (A) to (£) of formula (XIV) is preferably as in the ecteinascidins, and preferably substituted in positions other than 1,4 with naturally occurring substituents.
In one aspect, the present invention provides new compounds of the formula:
(Figure Remove)

wherein:
the substituent groups defined by R\, R2 are each independently selected of H, C(=O)R',
substituted or unsubstituted Cj-Cig alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-Cig alkenyl,
substituted or unsubstituted C2-Cig alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl; each of the
R' groups is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, NO2, NH2, SH,
CN, halogen, =O, C(=O)H, C(=O)CH3, CO2H, substituted or unsubstituted Cj-dg alkyl,
substituted or unsubstituted C2-Cig alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-Cig alkynyl,
substituted or unsubstituted aryl;
X2 is OXi or N(X])2 wherein the or each Xi is H, C(=O)R', substituted or unsubstituted
Ci-Ci8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-Ci8 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted d-
Cig alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or two Xi groups may together form a
cyclic substituent on the nitrogen atom;
X3 is selected of ORi, CN, (=O), or H;
X4 is -H or CrCig alkyl; and
Xs is selected of H, OH, or-ORi (wherein OR] is as defined above).
In a related aspect, the invention provides compounds of formula:
(Figure Remove)
wherein the substituent groups defined by R\, R:, Xs, XA and Xs are as defined; and Xi is independently selected of H, C(=O)R', substituted or unsubstituted Ci-Cis alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-Cig alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-Ci8 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or two Xi groups may together form a cyclic susbstituent on the nitrogen atom.
Alkyl groups preferably have from 1 io about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms. Methyl, ethyl and propyl including isopropyl are particularly preferred alkyl groups in the compounds of the present invention. As used herein, the term alkyl, unless otherwise modified, refers to both cyclic and noncyclic groups, although cyclic groups will comprise at least three carbon ring members. The alkyl groups may be straight chain or branched chain.
Preferred alkenyl and alkynyl groups in the compounds of the present invention have one or more unsaturated linkages and from 2 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, still more preferably 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, even more preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms. The terms alkenyl and alkynyl as used herein refer to both cyclic and noncyclic groups, although straight or branched noncyclic groups are generally more preferred.
Preferred alkoxy groups in the compounds of the present invention include groups having one or more oxygen linkages and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from
1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms.
Preferred alkylthio groups in the compounds of the present invention have one or more thioether linkages and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. Alkylthio groups having 1, 2,3 or 4 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
Preferred alkylsulfinyl groups in the compounds of the present invention include those groups having one or more sulfoxide (SO) groups and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. Alkylsulfinyl groups having 1, 2 3 or 4 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
Preferred alkylsulfonyl groups in the compounds of the present invention include those groups having one or more sulfonyl (SO2) groups and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. Alkylsulfonyl groups having 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
Preferred aminoalkyl groups include those groups having one or more primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine groups, and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, even more preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms. Secondary and tertiary amine groups are generally more preferred than primary amine moieties.
Suitable heteroaromatic groups in the compounds of the present invention contain one, two or three heteroatoms selected from N, O or S atoms and include, e.g., coumarinyl including 8-coumarinyl, quinolinyl including 8-quinolinyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl and benzomiazolyl. Suitable heteroalicyclic groups in the compounds of the present invention
contain one, two or three heteroatoms selected from N, O or S atoms and include, e.g., tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperidinyl, morpholino and pyrrolidinyl groups.
Suitable carbocyclic aryl groups in the compounds of the present invention include single and multiple ring compounds, including multiple ring compounds that contain separate and / or fused aryl groups. Typical carbocyclic aryl groups contain 1 to 3 separate or fused rings and from 6 to about 18 carbon ring atoms. Specifically preferred carbocyclic aryl groups include phenyl including substituted phenyl such as 2-substituted phenyl, 3-substituted phenyl, 2, 3-substituted phenyl, 2,5-substituted phenyl, 2,3,5-substituted and 2,4,5-substituted phenyl, including where one or more of the phenyl substituents is an electron-withdrawing group such as halogen, cyano, nitro, alkanoyl, sulfmyl, sulfonyl and the like; naphthyl including 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl; biphenyl; phenanthryl; and anthracyl.
Substituent groups defined by RI, R2,X], X« and Xs are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, OR', SH, SR', SOR', SO2R', NO2, NH2, NHR', N(R')2, NHC(O)R', CN, halogen, =O, substituted or unsubstituted CrCjg alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C]g alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-Cig alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic.
References herein to substituted R' groups in the compounds of the present invention refer to the specified moiety that may be substituted at one or more available positions by one or more suitable groups, e.g., halogen such as fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo; cyano; hydroxyl; nitro; azido; alkanoyl such as a fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo: cyano; hydroxyl; nitro; azido; alkanoyl such as a Cl-6 alkanoyl group such as acyl and the like; carboxamido; alkyl groups including those groups having 1 to about 12 carbon atoms or from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and more preferably 1-3 carbon atoms; alkenyl and alkynyl groups including groups having one or more unsaturated linkages and from 2 to about 12 carbon or from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; alkoxy groups having one or more oxygen linkages and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms or 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; aryloxy such as phenoxy; alkylthio groups including those moieties having one or more
thioether linkages and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms or from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; alkylsulfinyl groups including those moieties having one or more sulfinyl linkages and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms or from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; alkylsulfonyl groups including those moieties having one or more sulfonyl linkages and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms or from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; aminoalkyl groups such as groups having one or more N atoms and from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms or from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; carbocylic aryl having 6 or more carbons, particularly phenyl (e.g., R being a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl moiety); and aralkyl such as benzyl.
RI is peferably C(=O)R', where R' is suitably H or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, more preferably acetyl.
R2 is preferably H or methyl, more preferably methyl.
Typically one of Xi or X2 is often hydrogen. X2, or where permitted Xi is preferably H; -NHCOalkyl, particularly where the alkyl has up to 16 carbon atoms, such as 1, 4, 7, 15 carbon atoms and may be halosubstituted optionally perhalosubstituted; -NHalkylCOOH particularly where the alkyl has up to 4 carbon atoms; protected -NHCOCH(NH2)CH2SH where the NH2 and/or the SH are protected; -NHbiotin; -NHaryl; -NH(aa)y where aa is an amino acid acyl and y is suitably 1, 2 or 3 and wherein any NH2 is optionally derivatised or protected, as with an amide terminal group or a Boc group; phthalimido formed -NX?-; alkyl preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; arylalkenyl, especially cinnamoyl which may be substituted as with 3-trifluoromethyl;
Preferred examples of the group X2 include NHAc, NHCO(CH2)2COOH, NHCOCH(NHAlloc)CH2SFm, NHCO(CH2)i4CH3, NHTFA, NHCO(CH2)2CH3, NHCOCH2CH(CH3)2, NHCO(CH2)6CH3, NHBiotin, NHBz, NHCOCinn, NHCO-(p-F3C)-Cinn, NHCOVal-NH2, NHCOVal-W-Ac, NHCOVal-TV-COCinn, NHCOVal-Ala-NH2, NHCOVal-Ala-#-Ac, NHCOAla-NH2, OH, OAc, NHAc, NHCO(CH2)2COOH, NHCOCH(NHAlloc)CH2SFm, NHCOCH(NH2)CH2SFm, NPht, NH-(/w-CO2Me)-Bz, NHCO(CH2)14CH3, NMe2, NHTFA, NHCO(CH2)2CH3, NHCOCH2CH(CH3)2,
NHCO(CH2)6CH3, NHAlloc, NHTroc, NHBiotin, NHBz, NHCOCinn, NHCO-(p-F3Q-
Cinn, NHCOVal-NHj, NHCOVal-W-Ac, NHCOVal-//-COCinn, NHCOVal-Ala-NH2,
NHCOVal-Ala-A/'-Ac, NHCOVal-Ala-W-COCinn, NHCOAla-NH2, NHCOAla-TV-Ac,
NHCOAla-W-COCinn, OH, OAc, NHAc, NHCO(CH2)2COOH,
NHCOCH(NHAlloc)CH2SFm, Npht, along with similar groups where the number of carbon atoms is varied or the amino acid is changed or another change of this kind is made to give a similar group.
Other preferred examples of the group X2 include OH, OAc, OCOCF3, OCOCH2CH2CH3) OCO(CH2)6CH3, OCO(CH2)MCH3, OCOCH=CHPh, OSO2CH3 along with similar groups where the number of carbon atoms is varied or different substituent groups are introduced or another change of this kind is made to give a similar group.
X3 is preferably OH or CN.
XA is H or Me, preferably Me.
X5 is H or CMS alkyl, preferably H.
In a further, more general aspect of this invention, the compounds are typically of the formula (XVIIa):
(Figure Remove)
where
R1 and R4 together form a group of formula (Via) or (VIb):
R5 is -H or -OH;
R7 is -OCH3 and R8 is -OH or R7 and R8 together form a group -O-CH2-O-;
R14a and Rl4b are both -H or one is -H and the other is -OH, -OCH3 or -OCH2CH3, or R!4a
and R14b together form a keto group; and
R15 is -H or -OH;
R21 is -H, -OH or -CN;
and derivatives including acyl derivatives thereof especially where R5 is acetyloxy or
other acyloxy group of up to 4 carbon atoms, and including derivatives where the group
-NCHa- at the 12-position is replaced by -NH- or -NCH2CH3-, and derivatives where the -
NH2 group in the compound of formula (Via) and the - OH group in the compound of
formula (VIb) are optionally derivatised.
The group RI with R4 can be acylated on the -CHNHa - or -CHOH - group present in the formulae (Via and VIb). Other derivative compounds of this invention comprise those where the -CHNH2 group of Via is replaced by a group -CHNHXi or -
C(X2)2- or where the -CHOH group of VIb is replaced by CHOX] or -C(X2)2- where Xi or X2 are as defined.
Preferred compounds are of the formula (XVIIb).
Furthermore, in preferred compounds of this invention, R7 and R8 together form a group -O-CH2-O-.
The acyl derivatives can be N-acyl or N-thioacyl derivatives thereof, as well as cyclic amides. The acyl groups can illustratively be alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, arylalkanoyl, alkenyl, heterocyclylacyl, aroyl, arylaroyl, haloaroyl, nirroaroyl, or other acyl groups. The acyl groups can be of formula -CO-R*, where Ra can be various groups such as alkyl, alkoxy, alkylene, arylalkyl, arylalkylene, amino acid acyl, or heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with halo, cyano, nitro, carboxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocycyloxy, alkyl, amino or substituted amino. Other acylating agents include isothiocyanates, such as aryl isothiocyanates, notably phenyl isocyanate. The alkyl, alkoxy or alkylene groups of Ra suitably have 1 to 6 or 12 carbon atoms, and can be linear, branched or cyclic. Aryl groups are typically phenyl, biphenyl or naphthyl. Hetercyclyl groups can be aromatic or partially or completely unsaturated and suitably have 4 to 8 ring atoms, more preferably 5 or 6 ring atoms, with one or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen
Without being exhaustive, typical Ra groups include alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, arylalkylene, haloalkylarylakylene, acyl, haloacyl, arlyalkyl, alkenyl and amino acid. For example, Ra-CO- can be acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, isovalerylcarbonyl, trans-3-(trifluoromethyl)cinnamoylcarbonyl, heptafluorobutyrylcarbonyl, decanoylcarbonyl, trans-cinnamoylcarbonyl, butyrylcarbonyl, 3-chloropropyonylcarbonyl, cinnamoylcarbonyl, 4-methylcinnamoylcarbonyl, hydrocinnamoylcarbonyl, or trans-hexenoylcarbonyl, or alanyl, arginyl, aspartyl, asparagyl, cystyl, glutamyl, glutaminyl, glycyl, histidyl, hydroxyprolyl., isoleucyl, leucyl, lysyl, methionyl, phenylalanyl, prolyl, seryl, threonyl,
thyronyl, tryptophyl, tyrosyl, valyl, as well as other less common amino acid acyl groups, as well as phthalimido and other cyclic amides. Other examples may be found among the listed protecting groups.
Compounds wherein -CO-R8 is derived from an amino acid and include an amino group can themselves form acyl derivatives. Suitable N-acyl commands include dipeptides which in turn can form N-acyl derivatives.
Preferably R14a and R14b are hydrogen. Preferably R15 is hydrogen. The O-acyl derivatives are suitably aliphatic O-acyl derivatives, especially acyl derivatives of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and typically an O-acetyl group, notably at the 5-position.
Suitable protecting groups for phenols and hydroxy groups include ethers and esters, such as alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyalkoxyalkyl, alkylsilylalkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, azidoalkyl, cyanoalkyl, chloroalkyl, heterocyclic, arylacyl, haloarylacyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, alyklarylalkyl, alkoxyarylalkyl, nitroarylalkyl, haloarylalkyl, alkylaminocarbonylarylalkyl, alkylsulfmylarylalkyl, alkylsilyl and other ethers, and arylacyl, aryl alkyl carbonate, aliphatic carbonate, alkylsulfinylarlyalkyl carbonate, alkyl carbonate, aryl haloalkyl carbonate, aryl alkenyl carbonate, aryl carbamate, alkyl phosphinyl, alkylphosphinothioyl, aryl phosphinothioyl, aryl alkyl sulphonate and other esters. Such groups may optionally be substituted with the previously mentioned groups in R1.
Suitable protecting groups for amines include carbamates, amides, and other protecting groups, such as alkyl, arylalkyl, sulpho- or halo- arylalkyl, haloalkyl, alkylsilylalkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkylarylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, nitroarylalkyl, acylaminoalkyl, nitroaryldithioarylalkyl, dicycloalkylcarboxamidoalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, arylalkenyl, nitroarylalkenyl, heterocyclylalkenyl, heterocyclyl, hydroxyheterocyclyl, alkyldithio, alkoxy- or halo- or alkylsulphinyl arylalkyl, hetercyclylacyl, and other carbamates, and alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, arylalkanoyl, alkenoyl, heterocyclylacyl, aroyl, arylaroyl, haloaroyl, nitroaroyl, and other amides, as
well as alkyl, alkenyl, alkylsilylalkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, cyanoalkyl, heterocyclyl, alkoxyarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, nitroaryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy- or hydroxy- arylalkyl, and many other groups. Such groups may optionally be substituted with the previously mentioned groups inR1.
Examples of such protecting groups are given in the following tables.
(Figure Remove)

A preferred class of compounds of this invention include compunds of formula (XVIIb), where one or more, preferably all of the following conditions are met:
the amino group in the group of formula (Via) is derivatised;
the hydroxy group in the group of formula (VIb) is derivatised;
R5 is OR,;
R7 and R8 together form a group -O-CH2-0-;
R14a and R14b are both-H;
R15 is H; and/or
R21is-OHor-CN.
where Rl and R4 form a group of formula (Via or VIb):
Particular ecteinascidin products of this invention include compounds of the formula (XVHI);



(Figure Remove)

R21 is-H, -OH or -CM, more particularly -OH or -CN;
and acyl derivatives thereof, more particularly 5-acyl derivatives including the 5-acetyl derivative, and where the -NHj group in the structure of formula (Via) and the -OH group in the structure of formula (Vlb) are optionally derivatised.
Compounds of the present invention notably with one of two group Xi can be prepared synthetically from the intermediate compound (47) desribed in the U.S. Patent No 5,721,362, or a similar compound. Thus the present invention provides a process which involves derivatisation of the 1,4 bridge amino group, according to the following reaction scheme:
(Figure Remove)

where Xi is as defined, and other substituent groups on the molecule can be protected or derivatised as desired or appropriate.
Compounds of this invention notably with the groups X2 being -0X2 can be prepared from the intermediate compound (15) described in the U.S. Patent No 5,721,362
or a similar compound. Thus, the present invention provides a process which involves derivatisation of the 1,4 bridge amino group, according to the following reaction scheme:
(Figure Remove)
where Xi is as defined, and other substituent groups on the molecule can be protected or derivatised as desired or appropriate. The reaction may proceed with formation of a substituent -OXi where Xi is hydrogen, and then conversion to a compound where Xi is another group.
It will be apparent that compounds of this invention may also be prepared by modification of the synthetic steps employed in the U.S. Patent No 5,721,362. Thus, for instance, different reactive groups may be introduced at functional positions, for example at the 5- or 18- positions.
A more general route to compounds if this invention is provided, and was first disclosed in WO 00/69862, incorporated herein in full by reference and from which priority is claimed.
A typical process of that WO application concerns method for preparing a compound with a fused ring structure of formula (XIV):
(Figure Remove)
which comprises one or more reactions starting from a 21-cyano compound of formula (XVI):
(Figure Remove)

R1 is an amidomethylene group or an acyloxymethylene group;
R5 and R8 are independently chosen from -H, -OH or -OCOCH2OH, or R5 and R8 are
both keto and the ring A is ap-benzoquinone ring;
R14a and R14b are both -H or one is -H and the other is -OH, -OCH3 or -OCH2CH3 or
R14a and RI4b together form a keto group; and
R15 and R18 are independently chosen from -H or -OH, or R5 and R8 are both keto and
the ring A is ap-benzoquinone ring.
In particular, such a method can provide a route to the starting materials for the reactions of Schemes I and n, along with related compounds.
Antitumoural activities of these compounds include leukaemias, lung cancer, colon cancer, kidney cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, sarcomas and melanomas.
Another especially preferred embodiment of the present invention is pharmaceutical compositions useful as antitumour agents which contain as active
ingredient a compound or compounds of the invention, as well as the processes for their preparation.
Examples of pharmaceutical compositions include any solid (tablets, pills, capsules, granules etc.) or liquid (solutions, suspensions or emulsions) with suitable composition or oral, topical or parenteral administration.
Administration of the compounds or compositions of the present invention may be any suitable method, such as intravenous infusion, oral preparation, intraperitoneal and intravenous preparation.
For the avoidance of doubt, the stereochemistries indicated in this patent specification are based on our understanding of the correct stereochemistry of the natural products. To the extent that an error is discovered in the assigned stereochemistry, then the appropriate correction needs to be made in the formulae given throughout in this patent specification. Furthermore, to the extent that the syntheses are capable of modification, this invention extends to stereoisomers.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED PROCESSES
The compounds of the present invention can be synthetically prepared from the intermediate compounds 47 and 15 described in the U.S. Patent No 5,721,362, the compound 36 described in WO 00/69862 and from the secondary products (numbered here as 23 and 24) obtained in some deprotection steps using AlCls of the compound 33 of WO 00/69862.
(Figure Remove)


Compound (1) corresponds to the synthetic intermediate (47) described in the US patent No 5,721,362. Compounds 27 and 28 included in Table IV are described as 35 and 34 in WO 00/69862.
Some of the preferred methods of producing the compound of formula I are described below in the following reaction schemes with examples of typical substituent groups. These typical substituents are not limiting of the invention, and the process is to be understood in the more general sense, without special regard to the identities indicated by the code letters.
Numerous active antitumoral compounds have been prepared from this compounds and it is believed that many more compounds can be formed in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure.
(Figure Remove)
The type of reactions are the following:
Methods A, B, C, E and M include different acylation methods with acid chlorides, anhydrides, acids or sulfonyl chlorides, to obtain amide or ester bonds.
Methods D and H involve reductive alkylation reactions between an aldehyde and 1 or an amine and 5 to give 2m or 3o.
Method F transforms compound 1 to 2n by reaction with BnBr and
Method G involves the deprotection of methoxymethyl group (MOM) or MOM/tert-butyloxy carbonyl groups or MOM/allyloxy carbonyl groups using trimethylchlorosilane (TMSC1) and sodium iodide.
Methods I (AgN03) and J (CuBr) convert CN into OH in position C-21.
Method K involves the hydrolysis of a carbamate bond using aqueous trifluoroacetic acid,
Method L converts a carbonyl group to an alcohol by reduction with NaCNBHa in the presence of acetic acid. With this reaction a new chiral center is generated. Taking into account steric effects and spectroscopic data, it seem that the main compound (11) has R configuration at this center and the secondary product (12*) has S configuration. On this basis 13, 15, 17, 19, 21 will have R configuration and 14*, 18* and 22* will have S configuration. These assignments have been made based on the available spectral data and as such, in the absence of specific studies to confirm the assignments, should be considered as only tentative.
Modified processes can be used to prepare other compounds of this invention. In particular the starting material and/or reagents and reactions can be varied to suit other combinations of the substituent groups.
In another aspect, the present invention is directed at the use of a known compound, safracin B, also referred to as quinonamine, in hemisynthetic synthesis.
More generally, the invention relates to a hemisynthetic process for the formation of intermediates, derivatives and related structures of ecteinascidin or other tetrahydroisoquinolinephenol compounds starting from natural bis(tetrahydroisoquinoline) alkaloids.
Suitable preferred starting materials for the hemi-synthetic process include the classes of saframycin and safracin antibiotics available from different culture broths, and also the classes of reineramicin and xestomycin compounds available from marine sponges.
A general formula (XV) for the starting compounds is as follows:
(Figure Remove)

where:
R1 is an amidomethylene group such as -CH2-NH-CO-CR25aR25bR25c where R25a and R25b
form a keto group or one is -OH, -NH2 or -OCOCH3 and the other is -CH2COCH3, -H, -
OH or -OCOCH3, provided that when R25a is -OH or -NH2 then R25b is not -OH, and R25c
is -H, -CH3 or -CH2CH3, or R1 is an acyloxymethylene group such as -CH2-O-CO-R,
where R is -C(CH3)=CH-CH3 or -CH3;
R5 and R8 are independently chosen from -H, -OH or -OCOCH2OH, or R5 and R8 are
both keto and the ring A is a p-benzoquinone ring;
RI4a and R14b are both -H or one is -H and the other is -OH, -OCH3 or -OCH2CH3, or R14a
and R14b together form a keto group;
R15 and R18 are independently chosen from -H or -OH, or R5 and R8 are both keto and the ring A is a p-benzoquinone ring; and R21 is -OH or -CN.
A more general formula for these class of compounds is provided below:
(Figure Remove)
wherein the substituent groups defined by Rj, Ra, RS, R4, RS, Re, R?, RS, Rg, RIO are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, OCHs, CN, =O, CHa; wherein X are the different amide or ester functionalities contained in the mentioned natural products; wherein each dotted circle represents one, two or three optional double bonds.
Thus, according to the present invention, we now provide hemisynthetic routes for the production of new and known compounds. The hemisynthetic routes of the invention each comprise a number of transformation steps to arrive at the desired product. Each step in Itself is a piocess in accordance with this invention. The invention is not limited to the routes that are exemplified, and alternative routes may be provided by, for example, changing the order of the transformation steps, as appropriate.
In particular, this invention involves the provision of a 21-cyano starting material of general formula (XVI):
(Figure Remove)

Other compounds of formula (XVI) with different substituents at the 21-position may also represent possible starting materials. In general, any derivative capable of production by nucleophilic displacement of the 21-hydroxy group of compounds of formula (XV) wherein R21 is a hydroxy group is a candidate. Examples of suitable 21-substituents include but are not limited to: a mercapto group;
an alkylthio group (the alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms); an arylthio group (the aryl group having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms and being unsubstituted or substituted by from 1 to 5 substituents selected from, for example, alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, halogen atoms, mercapto groups and nitro groups); an amino group;
a mono-or dialkylamino (the or each alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms); a mono-or diarylamino group (the or each aryl group being as defined above in relation to arylthio groups);
an a-carbonylalkyl group of formula -C(Ra)(Rb)-C(=0)Rc, where Ra and Rb are selected from hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl groups (as defined above in relation to arylthio groups) and aralkyl groups (in which an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms is substituted by an aryl group a defined above in relation to arylthio groups), with the proviso that one of Ra and Rb is a hydrogen atom;
Rc is selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl groups (as defined above in relation to arylthio groups), an aralkyl group (in
which an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms is substituted by an aryl group a defined above in relation to arylthio groups), an alkoxy group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an amino group or a mono- or dialkylamino group as defined above.
Thus, in a more general aspect, the present invention relates to processes where the first step is to form a 21-deriviative using a nucleophilic reagent. We refer to such compounds as 21-Nuc compounds. Preferred starting material 21-Nuc compounds have the structure of formula (XIV):

(Figure Remove)
where at least one ring A or E is quinolic.
Thus, in addition to the use of 21-cyano compounds, processes using other nucleophile-containing compounds, to produce similar compounds of formula (XVI) wherein the 21 -position is protected by another nuclephilic group, a 21-Nuc group, are also envisaged. For example, a 21-Nuc compound of formula (XVI) with an aikylamino substituent at the 21-position can be produced by reacting the compound of formula (XV) wherein R21 is a hydroxy group with a suitable alkylamine. A 21-Nuc compound of formula (XVI) with an alkylthio substituent at the 21-position can also be produced by reacting the compound of formula (XV) wherein R21 is a hydroxy group with a suitable alkanethiol. Alternatively, a 21-Nuc compound of formula (XVI) with an a-carbonylalkyl substituent at the 21-position can be produced by reacting the compound of formula (XV) wherein R21 is a hydroxy group with a suitable carbonyl compound, typically in the presence of a base. Other routes are available for other 21-Nuc compounds.
The presence of the 21-cyano group is required for some of the end-products, notably ecteinascidin 770 and phthalascidin, while for other end-products it acts as a protecting group which can readily be converted to another substituent, such as the 21-hydroxy group. The adoption of the 21-cyano compound as the starting material effectively stabilises the molecule during the ensuing synthetic steps, until it is optionally removed. Other 21 -Nuc compounds can offer this and other advantages.
Preferred starting materials include those compounds of formula (XV) or (XVI) where R14a and R14b are both hydrogen. Preferred starting materials also include compounds of formula (XV) or (XVI) where R15 is hydrogen. Furthermore, the preferred starting materials include compounds of formula (XV) or (XVI) where ring E is a phenolic ring. Preferred starting materials further include compounds of formula (XV) or (XVI) where at least one, better at least two or three of R5, R8, R15 and R18 is not hydrogen.
Examples of suitable starting materials for this invention include saframycin A, saframycin B, saframycin C, saframycin G, saframycin H, saframycin S, saframycin ¥3, saframycin Ydj, saframycin Ad], saframycin Yda, saframycin AHi, saframycin AH2Ac, saframycin AHi, saframycin AHjAc, saframycin ARa, renieramycin A, renieramycin B, renieramycin C, renieramycin D, renieramycin E, renieramycin F, xestomycin, saframycin D, saframycin F, saframycin Mx-1, saframycin Mx-2, safracin A, safracin B and saframycin R. Preferred starting materials have a cyano group in position 21, for the group R21.
In a particularly preferred aspect, the invention involves a hemisynthetic process wherein the transformation steps are applied to safracin B:
(Figure Remove)

SAFRACIN B
Safracin B presents a ring system closely related to the ecteinascidins. This compound has the same pentacycle structure and the same substitution pattern in the right-hand aromatic ring, ring E.
The more preferred starting materials of this invention have a 21-cyano group. The currently most preferred compound of the present invention is the compound of Formula 2. This compound is obtained directly from safracin B and is considered a key intermediate in the hemisynthetic process.

(Figure Remove)
Cyanosafracin B by fermentation of a safracin B-producing strain of Pseudomonasfluorescens, and working up the cultured broth using cyanide ion. The preferred strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens is strain A2-2, PERM BP-14, which is employed in the procedure of EP-A-055 299. A suitable source of cyanide ion is potassium cyanide. In a typical work-up, the broth is filtered and excess cyanide ion is

added. After an appropriate interval of agitation, such as 1 hour, the pH is rendered alkaline, say pH 9.5, and an organic extraction gives a crude extract which can be further purified to give the cyanosafracin B.
In general, the conversion of the 21-cyano starting compound to an product of this invention involves:
a) conversion if necessary of a quinone system for the ring E into the phenol system
b) conversion if necessary of a quinone system for the ring A into the phenol system;
c) conversion of the phenol system for the ring A into the methylenedioxyphenol
ring;
d) formation of the bridged spiro ring system of formula (IV), (VI) or (VII) across
the 1-position and 4-position in ring B; and
e) derivatisation as appropriate, such as acylation.
Step (a), conversion if necessary of a quinone system for the ring E into the phenol system, can be effected by conventional reduction procedures. A suitable rea system is hydrogen with a palladium-carbon catalyst, though other reducing systems be employed.
Step (b), conversion if necessary of a quinone system for the ring A into the phenol system is analogous to step (a), and more detail is not needed.
Step (c), conversion of the phenol system for the ring A into the
methylenedioxyphenol ring, can be effected in several ways, possibly along with step (b). For example, a quinone ring A can be demethylated in the methoxy substituent at the 7-position and reduced to a dihydroquinone and trapped with a suitable electrophilic reagent such as CHzBrj, BrCHaCl, or a similar divalent reagent directly yielding the methylenedioxy ring system, or with a divalent reagent such as thiocarbonyldiimidazol which yields a substituted methylenedioxy ring system which can be converted to the desired ring.

Step (d) is typically effected by appropriate substitution at the 1-position with a bridging reagent that can assist formation of the desired bridge, forming an exendo quinone methide at the 4-position and allowing the methide to react with the 1 -substituent to bring about the bridged structure. Preferred bridging reagents are of formula (XIX)
(Figure Remove)
where Fu indicates a protected functional group, such as a group -NHProt"a or OProt4b, Prot3 is a protecting group, a^d the dotted line shows an optional double bond.
Suitably the methide is formed by first introducing a hydroxy group at the 10-position at the junction of rings A and B to give a partial structure of formula (XX):
(Figure Remove)
or more preferably a partial structure of formula (XXI):
(Figure Remove)

where the group R" is chosen for the desired group of formula (IV), (V), (VI) or (VII). For the first two such groups, the group R" typically takes the form -CHFu-CHa-SProt3. The protecting groups can then be removed and modified as appropriate to give the desired compound.
A typical procedure for step (d) is provided in US Patent 5,721,362 incorporated by reference. Particular reference is made to the passage at column 8, step (1) and Example 33 of the US Patent, and related passages.
Derivatisation in step (e) can include acylation, for instance with a group Ra-CO-as well as conversion of the 12-NCH3 group to 12-NH or 12-NCH2CH3. Such conversion can be effected before or after the other steps, using available methods.
By way of illustration, can be transformed into Intermediate 25;
(Figure Remove)
and from this derivative it is possible to introduce a number of cysteine derivatives that can be transformed into compounds of this invention. Preferred cysteine derivatives are exemplified by the following two compounds:




(Figure Remove)

One method of this invention transforms cyanosafracin B into intermediate Int-25 through a sequence of reactions that involves essentially (1) removal of methoxy group placed in ring A, (2) reduction of ring A and formation of methylene-dioxy group in one pot, (3) hydrolysis of amide function placed over carbon 1, (4) transformation of the resulting amine group into hydroxyl group, see scheme V.
(Figure Remove)

The method avoids protection and de-protection of the primary alcohol function at the position 1 in ring B of compound Int-25 using directly a cysteine residue Int-29 to form intermediate Int-27. Cysteine derivative Int-29 is protected in the amino group with p-p-p-trichloroethoxycarbonyl protecting group in order to have compatibility with the existing allyl and MOM groups. Intermediate Int-27 is directly oxidized and cycled. These circumstances, together with a different de-protecting strategy in the later stages of the synthesis makes the route novel and more amenable to industrial development than the process of US 5,721,362.
The conversion of the 2-cyano compound into Intermediate Int-25 usually involves the following steps (see scheme V):
formation of the protected compound of Formula Int-14 by reacting Int-2 with tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride;
converting of Int-14 into the di-protected compound of Formula Int-15 by reacting with bromomethylmethyl ether and diisopropylethylamine in acetonitrile;
selective elimination of the methoxy group of the quinone system in Int-15 to obtain the compound of Formula Int-16 by reacting with a methanolic solution of sodium hydroxide;
transforming of Int-16 into the methylene-dioxy compound of Formula Int-18 by employing the next preferred sequence: (1) quinone group of compound Int-16 is reduced with 10% Pd/C under hydrogen atmosphere; (2) the hydroquinone intermediate is converted into the methylenedioxy compound of Formula Int-17 by reacting with bromochloromethane and caesium carbonate under hydrogen atmosphere; (3) Int-17 is transformed into the compound of Formula Int-18 by protecting the free hydroxyl group as a OCH2R group. This reaction is carried out with BrCH2R and caesium carbonate, where R can be aryl, CH=CH2, OR' etc.
elimination of the fe/7-butoxycarbonyl and the methyloxymethyl protecting groups of Int-18 to afford the compound of Formula Int-19 by reacting with a solution of HC1 in dioxane. Also this reaction is achieved by mixing Int-18 with a solution of trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane;
formation of the thiourea compound of Formula Int-20 by reacting Int-19 with phenylisothiocyanate;
converting compound of Formula Int-20 into the amine compound of Formula Int-21 by reacting with a solution of hydrogen chloride in dioxane;
transforming compound of Formula Int-21 into the N-Troc derivative Int-22 by reacting with trichloroethyl chloroformate and pyridine;
formation of the protected hydroxy compound of Formula Int-23 by reacting Int-22 with bromomethylmethyl ether and diisopropylethylamine;
transforming compound of Formula Int-23 into the N-H derivative Int-24 by reacting with acetic acid and zinc;
conversion of compound of Formula Int-24 into the hydroxy compound of Formula Int-25 by reaction with sodium nitrite in acetic acid. Alternatively, it can be used nitrogen tetroxide in a mixture of acetic acid and acetonitrile followed by treatment with sodium hydroxide. Also, it can be used sodium nitrite in a mixture of acetic anhydride-acetic acid, followed by treatment with sodium hydroxide.
From intermediate Int-25 the conversion into final intermediate compounds Int-35 or Int-36 of this invention can then proceed as shown in Scheme VI:
(Figure Remove)


transforming compound of formula Int-24 into the derivative Int-30 by protecting the primary hydroxyl function with (S)-N-2,2,2-tricloroethoxycarbonyl-S-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl)cysteine Int-29;
converting the protected compound of formula Int-30 into the phenol derivative Int-31 by cleavage of the allyl group with tributyltin hydride and dichloropalladium-bis (triphenylphosphine);
transforming the phenol compound of Formula Int-31 into compound of formula Int-32 by oxidation with benzeneseleninic anhydride at low temperature;
transforming the hydroxy compound of formula Int-32 into the lactone Int-33 by the following sequence: (1) Reacting compound of formula Int-32 with 2 eq. of triflic anhydride and 5 eq. of DMSO. (2) followed by reaction with 8 eq. of diisopropylethylamine. (3) followed by reaction with 4 eq of t-butyl alcohol (4) followed by reaction with 7 eq of 2-terf-Butyl-l,l,3,3,tetramethylguanidine (5) followed by reaction with 10 eq of acetic anhydride;
transforming the lactone compound Int-33 into hydroxyl compound Int-34 by removal of MOM protecting group with TMSI;
cleaving the N-trichloroethoxycarbonyl group of the compound of formula Int-34 into compound Int-35 by reaction with Zn/AcOH;
transforming the amino compound Int-35 into the corresponding a-keto lactone compound Int-36 by reaction with N-methyl pyridinium carboxaldehyde chloride followed by DBU;
The conversion of the Intermediate compound Int-25 into ET-743 using cysteine derivative Int-37 can be made in a similar manner and with the same reagents than with cysteine derivative Int-29 with the exception of transformations (f) and (g). The reaction sequence is exemplified in the following Scheme VII:
(Figure Remove)
It -will readily be appreciated that these synthetic routes can readily be modified, particularly by appropriate change of the starting material and reagents, so as to provide compounds of this invention with different fused ring systems or different substituents.
NOVEL ACTIVE COMPOUNDS
We have found that compounds of the invention have activity in the treatment of cancers, such as leukaemias, lung cancer, colon cancer, kidney cancer and melanoma.
Thus, the present invention provides a method of treating any mammal, notably a human, affected by cancer which comprises administering to the affected individual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical preparations, which contain as active ingredient a compound or compounds of the invention, as well as the processes for their preparation.
Examples of pharmaceutical compositions include any solid (tablets, pills, capsules, granules, etc.) or liquid (solutions, suspensions or emulsions) with suitable composition or oral, topical or parenteral administration, and they may contain the pure compound or in combination with any carrier or other pharmacologically active compounds. These compositions may need to be sterile when administered parenterally.
Administration of the compounds or compositions of the present invention may be by any suitable method, such as intravenous infusion, oral preparations, intraperitoneal and intravenous administration. We prefer that infusion times of up to 24 hours are used, more preferably 2-12 hours, with 2-6 hours most preferred. Short infusion times which allow treatment to be carried out without an overnight stay in hospital are especially desirable. However, infusion may be 12 to 24 hours or even longer if required. Infusion may be carried out at suitable intervals of say 2 to 4 weeks. Pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of the invention may be delivered by liposome or nanosphere encapsulation, in sustained release formulations or by other standard delivery means.
The correct dosage of the compounds will vary according to the particular formulation, the mode of application, and the particular situs, host and tumour being treated. Other factors like age, body weight, sex, diet, time of administration, rate of excretion, condition of the host, drug combinations, reaction sensitivities and severity of the disease shall be taken into account. Administration can be carried out continuously or periodically within the maximum tolerated dose.
The compounds and compositions of this invention may be used with other drugs to provide a combination therapy. The other drugs may form part of the same composition, or be provided as a separate composition for administration at the same time or a different time. The identity of the other drug is not particularly limited, and suitable candidates include:
a) drugs with antimitotic effects, especially those which target cytoskeletal elements,
including microtubule modulators such as taxane drugs (such as taxol, paclitaxel,
taxotere, docetaxel), podophylotoxins or vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine);
b) antimetabolite drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, cytarabine, gemcitabine, purine
analogues such as pentostatin, methotrexate);
c) alkylating agents such as nitrogen mustards (such as cyclophosphamide or
ifosphamide);
d) drugs which target DNA such as the antracycline drugs adriamycin, doxorubicin,
phannorubicin or epirubicin;
e) drugs which target topoisomerases such as etoposide;
f) hormones and hormone agonists or antagonists such as estrogens, antiestrogens
(tamoxifen and related compounds) and androgens, flutamide, leuprorelin, goserelin,
cyprotrone or octreotide;
g) drugs which target signal transduction in tumour cells including antibody
derivatives such as herceptin;
h) alkylating drugs such as platinum drugs (cis-platin, carbonplatin, oxaliplatin,
paraplatin) or nitrosoureas;
i) drugs potentially affecting metastasis of rumours such as matrix metalloproteinase
inhibitors;
j) gene therapy and antisense agents;
k) antibody therapeutics;
1) other bioactive compounds of marine origin, notably the didemnins such as
aplidine;
m) steroid analogues, in particular dexamethasone;
n) anti-inflammatory drugs, in particular dexamethasone; and
o) anti-emetic drugs, in particular dexamethasone.
The present invention also extends to the compounds of the invention for use in a method of treatment, and to the use of the compounds in the preparation of a composition for treatment of cancer.
CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY
Cell Cultures. Cells were maintained in logarithmic phase of growth in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium, with Earle's Balanced Salts, with 2.0 mM L-glutamine, with non-essential amino acids, without sodium bicarbonate (EMEM/neaa); supplemented with 10% Fetal Calf Serum (PCS), 10"2 M sodium bicarbonate and 0.1 g/1 penicillin-G + streptomycin sulfate.
A simple screening procedure has been carried out to determine and compare the antitumour activity of these compounds, using an adapted form of the method described by Bergeron et al (1984). The rumour cell line employed have been P-388 (suspension culture of a lymphoid neoplasm from DBA/2 mouse), A-549 (monolayer culture of a human lung carcinoma), HT-29 (monolayer culture of a human colon carcinoma) and MEL-28 (monolayer culture of a human melanoma).
P-388 cell were seeded into 16 mm wells at IxlO4 cells per well in 1 ml aliquots of MEM 5FCS containing the indicated concentration of drug. A separate set of cultures without drug was seeded as control growth to ensure that cells remained in exponential phase of growth. All determinations were carried out in duplicate. After three days of incubation at 37°C, 10% COa in a 98% humid atmosphere, an approximately TCso was determined by comparing the growth in wells with drug to the growth in wells control.
A-549, HT-29 and MEL-28 were seeded into 16 mm wells at 2xl04 cells per well in 1 ml aliquots of MEM 1OFCS containing the indicated concentration of drug. A separate set of cultures without drug was seeded as control growth to ensure that cells remained in exponential phase of growth. All determinations were carried out in duplicate. After three days of incubation at 37°C, 10% COa in a 98% humid atmosphere, the wells were stained with 0.1% Crystal Violet. An approximately IC5o was determined by comparing the growth in wells with drug to the growth in wells control.
1. Raymond J. Bergeron, Paul F. Cavanaugh, Jr., Steven J. Kline. Robert G.
Hughes, Jr., Gary T. Elliot and Carl W. Porter. Antineoplastic and antiherpetic activity of
spermidine catecholamide iron chelators. Biochem. Bioph. Res. Comm. 1984, 727(3).
848-854.
2. Alan C. Schroeder, Robert G. Hughes, Jr. and Alexander Bloch. Effects
of Acyclic Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analoges. J. Med. Chem. 1981, 24 1078-1083.
Examples of biological activities of the compounds described in the present application are in Table IV (ICso (ng/mL)) on the following pages.
(Figure Remove)
(Table Remove)
EXAMPLES

Example 1
Method A: To a solution of 1 equiv. of 1 (23 for 25) coevaporated with anhydrous toluene in CH2Cl2 (0.08M) under Argon were added 1.2 equiv. of the anhydride. The reaction was followed by TLC and quenched with acid or base, extracted with CHiClj and the organic layers dried with Na2SO4. Flash chromatography gives pure compounds.
CN
(Figure Remove)

Compound 2a (using Ac2O as the anhydride): !H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 6.77 (s, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.53 (bd, 1H), 5.18 (dd, 2H), 5.02 (d, 1H), 4.58 (ddd, 1H), 4.52 (bs, 1H), 4.35 (d, 1H), 4.27 (s, 1H), 4.19-4.15 (m, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.54-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.93 (bd, 2H), 2.35-2.02 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.89 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 170.5, 168.7, 168.4, 149.7, 148.5, 145.8, 141.0, 140.4, 131.0, 130.5, 125.7, 124.5,
120.3, 117.9, 113.5, 113.4, 102.0, 99.1, 61.4, 60.3, 59.6, 58.8, 55.0, 54.5, 52.1, 41.8, 41.3, 32.6, 23.7, 20.9, 20.2, 16.1, 9.5; ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C35H4oN4O,oS: 708.2. Found (M+H+): 709.2.

Compound 2b (using (F3CCO)20 as the anhydride): !H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 6.74 (s, 1H), 6.41 (bd, 1H), 6.05 (dd, 2H), 5.17 (dd, 2H), 5.05 (d, 1H), 4.60 (bp, 1H), 4.54-4.51 (m, 1H), 4.36-4.32 (m, 2H), 4.25-4.19 (m, 2H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.48-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.99-2.82 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.41 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.03 (m, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H); I3C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 5 168.9, 168.5, 156.3, 155.8, 155.3, 149.3, 148.5, 146.0, 141.2, 140.6, 132.0, 130.2, 124.8, 120.2, 117.9, 113.2, 102.1, 99.2, 61.5, 60.6, 59.7, 59.1, 58.7, 57.5, 54.9, 54.6, 52.9, 42.0, 41.4, 31.6, 23.8, 20.2, 14.1, 9.6; ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C35H37F3N40]oS: 762.2. Found (M+H*): 763.2.

Compound 21 (using succinic anhydride): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 6.79 (s, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.63 (bd, 1H), 5.18 (dd, 2H), 5.02 (d, 1H), 4.59-4.53 (m, 2H), 4.35 (d, 1H), 4.28 (s, 1H), 4.21-4.17 (m, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.54-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.92 (bd, 2H), 2.69-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.53-2.48 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.07 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, 6H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C^R^O^S: 766.2. Found (M+H+): 767.3.

Compound 25 (from Compound 23 using 1 equiv of AC2O as the anhydride): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 5 6.59 (s, IH), 5.97 (dd, 2H), 5.87 (s, IH), 5.53 (s, IH), 5.51 (d, IH), 5.00 (d, IH), 4.62-4.58 (m, IH), 4.44 (s IH), 4.31 (s, IH), 4.29 (d, IH), 4.16 (d, IH), 4.09 (dd, IH), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.54-3.52 (m, IH), 3.44-3.42 (m, IH), 2.93-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.46 (dd, IH), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.23 (dd, IH), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 1.90 (s, IH); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 170.1, 169.0, 148.3, 146.4, 146.0, 143.0, 136.4, 130.7, 129.2, 120.4, 119.0, 118.1, 112.4, 112.3, 107.8, 101.4, 61.1, 60.5, 59.2, 58.8, 54.7, 54.5, 51.6, 43.3, 41.4, 31.4, 23.8, 22.9, 16.2, 8.7; ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C3iH34N4O8S: 580.2. Found (M+H+): 581.3.
Example 2
Method B: To a solution of 1 equiv. of 1 (2p for 2t and 9, and 11 for 13e-f) and 1.5 equiv. of acid coevaporated twice with anhydrous toluene in CHjCh (0.05M) under Argon, were added 2 equiv. of DMAP and 2 equiv. of EDC-HC1. The reaction was stirred for 3h 30 min. After this time was diluted with CH2C12, washed with brine and the organic layer dried with NajSCv Flash chromatography gives pure compounds.
CN
Compound 2e (using CH3(CH2)6CO2H as the acid): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.76 (s, IH), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.50 (bd, IH), 5.18 (dd, 2H), 5.02 (d, IH), 4.60 (ddd, IH), 4.53 (bp, IH), 4.35 (d, IH), 4.28 (s, IH), 4.19 (d, IH), 4.18 (dd, IH), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.48-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.93 (bd, 2H), 2.29-1.99 (m, 4H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.31-1.23 (m, 10H), 0.89 (t, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 171.9, 170.6, 168.4, 149.6, 148.5, 145.8, 141.0, 140.4, 130.9, 130.5, 125.7, 124.5, 120.4, 117.9, 113.4, 102.0, 99.2, 61.5, 60.2,
59.6, 59.3, 58.7, 57.5, 55.0, 54.5, 51.9, 41.8, 41.4, 36.4, 32.7, 31.7, 29.3, 29.1, 25.4,
23.6, 22.6, 20.3, 16.1, 14.0, 9.6; ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C4,^2^0,08: 792.3. Found
(M+H*): 793.3.

Found (M+H*): 905.5.

Compound 2f (using CH3(CH2)i4CO2H as the acid): !H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.76 (s, IH), 6.05 (dd, 2H), 5.50 (bd, IH), 5.18 (dd, 2H), 5.02 (d, IH), 4.60 (ddd, IH), 4.56-4.50 (bp, IH), 4.35 (d, IH), 4.28 (bs, IH), 4.20 (d, IH), 4.18 (dd, IH), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.54-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.93-2.92 (bd, 2H), 2.37-2.01 (m, 4H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.60-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.20 (m, 24H), 0.88 (t, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C49H68N4Oi0S: 904.5.

Compound 2g (using PhCO2H as the acid): ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 7.69-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.57-7.46 (m, 3H), 6.69 (s, IH), 6.35 (d, IH), 6.06 (dd, 2H), 5.14 (dd, 2H), 5.07 (d, IH), 4.76 (dt, IH), 4.58 (bp, IH), 4.36-4.33 (m, 2H), 4.24-

4.18 (m, 2H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.49-3.46 (m, 2H), 2.94 (bd, 2H), 2.62-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.28-1.93 (m, 1H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.93 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 6 170.5, 168.4, 166.4, 149.3, 148.4, 145.9, 141.1, 140.6, 134.5, 134.2, 131.6, 131.4, 130.5, 128.6, 126.9, 125.2, 124.5, 120.7, 118.0, 113.4, 102.0,99.2, 61.6, 60.2, 59.8, 59.2, 58.6, 57.4, 55.0, 54.6, 53.2, 41.9,41.4, 32.9, 23.9, 20.2, 15.7, 9.6; ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C^H^OioS: 770.3. Found (M+H*): 771.3.

CN
Compound 2k (using (+)-biotin as the acid): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.78 (s, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 6.00 (s, 1H), 5.80 (s, 1H), 5.39 (bd, 1H), 5.18 (dd, 3H), 4.78 (d, 1H), 4.64-4.51 (m, 3H), 4.34-4.28 (m, 3H), 4.19 (dd, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.47-3.39 (m, 2H), 3.19-3.13 (m, 1H), 3.02-2.74 (m, 4H), 2.28-1.47 (m, 10H), 2.28 (s, 6H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 6 172.3, 171.3, 165.6, 163.7, 149.6, 148.4, 145.9, 141.0, 140.5, 131.1, 130.7, 125.8, 124.8, 120.2, 118.4, 113.7, 113.3, 102.0, 99.1, 61.5, 61.4, 61.3, 60.0, 59.6, 59.3, 58.4, 57.4, 56.1, 55.2, 54.6, 51.8,42.2,41.3, 41.1, 35.2, 32.1, 28.2, 28.1, 25.4, 24.0, 20.3, 16.1, 9.5; ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C^H^WnSi: 892.3. Found (M+H+): 894.1.

ACHN
Compound 2t (from Compound 2p using Ac-L-alanine as the acid): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.74 (s, 1H), 6.60-6.56 (m, 1H), 6.26 (bt, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.58 (bt, 1H), 5.17 (dd, 2H), 5.00 (d, 1H), 4.64-4.60 (m, 1H), 4.56 (bp, 1H), 4.48 (dt, 1H), 4.35 (d, 1H), 4.29 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.14 (m, 2H), 4.12-4.05 (m, 1H), 3.75, 3.76 (2s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.47-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.98-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.42-1.98 (m, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.98 (s, 3H), 1.36, 1.33 (2d, 3H), 1.06, 1.03 (2d, 3H), 0.94, 0.93 (2d, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 171.9, 170.2, 169.6, 169.7, 168.5, 149.6, 148.6, 145.9, 141.1, 140.5, 131.8, 130.3, 125.4, 124.4, 120.3, 117.9, 113.4, 102.0, 99.2, 61.5, 60.2, 59.6, 59.4, 59.3, 58.5, 57.8, 57.7, 57.4, 54.9, 54.5, 52.0, 51.9, 48.9, 48.8, 42.0, 41.3, 32.7, 32.2, 32.1, 23.8, 23.1, 23.1, 20.3, 19.2, 19.2, 19.1, 18.4, 17.7, 17.7, 16.2, 9.5. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C43H54N6Oi2S: 878.3. Found (M+H*): 879.2.
CN
Compound 2w (using Ac-L-alanine as the acid): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.89, 6.77 (2s, 1H), 6.25 (dd, 1H), 6.05 (dd, 2H), 5.72,5.55 (2bd, 1H), 5.22-5.13 (2dd, 2H), 5.02, 5.01 (2d, 1H), 4.60-4.18 (m, 7H), 3.77, 3.74 (2s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.48-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.93-2.91 (bd, 2H), 2.42-1.98 (m, 2H), 2.42, 2.37 (2s, 3H), 2.29, 2.28 (2s, 3H), 2.17, 2.15 (2s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.99, 1.97 (2s, 3H), 1.46, 1.22 (2d, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 171.5, 170.1, 169.9, 169.3, 169.2, 168.6, 149.8, 149.4, 148.7, 148.5, 145.9, 141.1, 140.5, 140.4, 132.0, 131.6, 130.6, 130.2, 125.5, 124.9, 124.4, 120.4, 120.2, 117.9, 113.6, 113.4, 102.0, 99.2, 61.6, 61.5, 60.4, 60.3, 59.6, 59.5, 59.4, 59.2, 58.8, 58.3, 57.5, 55.0, 55.0, 54.6, 52.2, 51.8, 48.6,

48.5,42.1,42.0,41.4, 32.5, 32.4, 23.8, 23.7, 23.2, 23.2, 20.3,19.9, 19.8,16.0, 15.9, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C38H45N5OnS: 779.3. Found (M+H*): 780.2.

Compound 2y (using FmSCH2CH(NHAlloc)C02H as the acid): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 7.77-7.67 (m, 4H), 7.42-7.26 (m, 4H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 6.12 (bd, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.97-5.88 (m, 1H), 5.53 (bd, 1H), 5.35-5.21 (m, 2H), 5.15 (dd, 2H), 4.99 (d, 1H), 4.61-4.55 (m, 4H), 4.34 (d, 1H), 4.30 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.17 (m, 4H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 3.46 (d, 1H), 3.45-3.40 (m, 1H), 3.21-3.14 (m, 1H), 3.04-2.83 (m, 5H), 2.41-2.03 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for Cs^NsOnS:: 1031.3. Found (M*): 1032.2.
Compound 7 (using Boc-L-valine as the acid): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.80 (s, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.86 (bd, 1H), 5.15 (dd, 2H), 5.02 (d, 1H), 4.98 (bd, 1H), 4.63-4.60 (m, 1H), 4.55 (bp, 1H), 4.35 (d, 1H), 4.30 (s, 1H), 4.22-4.16 (m, 2H), 3.83 (dd, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.48-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.93-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.03 (m, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.46 (s, 9H), 1.01 (d, 3H), 0.87 (d, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 170.4, 170.2, 168.5, 165.2, 155.3, 148.6, 145.9, 141.1, 140.5, 131.6, 130.4, 125.5, 124.5, 120.5, 118.0, 113.5, 113.4, 102.0, 99.2, 61.6, 60.0, 59.6, 59.3, 58.4, 57.5, 55.0, 54.6, 52.1, 42.0, 41.4, 32.7, 31.6, 28.3, 23.8, 20.2, 19.1, 17.5, 16.3, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C43H55N5Oi2S: 865.4. Found (M+H*): 866.3.

Compound 8 (using Boc-L-alanine as the acid): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.81 (s, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.86 (bp, 1H), 5.16 (dd, 2H), 5.03 (bp, 1H), 5.02 (d, 1H), 4.56-4.50 (m, 2H), 4.34 (d, 1H), 4.29 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.15 (m, 2H), 3.98-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.47-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.91 (bd, 2H), 2.37-2.02 (m, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.46 (s, 9H), 1.37 (d, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 171.5, 170.1, 168.4, 154.6, 149.5, 148.5, 145.8, 141.0, 140.4, 131.3, 130.4, 125.6, 124.4, 120.3, 117.9, 113.3, 101.9, 99.1, 61.4, 60.1, 59.6, 59.2, 58.5, 57.4, 54.9, 54.5, 52.1, 49.9, 41.8, 41.3, 32.4, 28.3, 23.8, 20.2, 19.5, 16.1, 9,5. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. forC4iH5iN5Oi2S: 837.3. Found (M+H+): 838.4.
Compound 9 (using Boc-L-alanine as the acid): *H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.76 (s, 1H), 6.66 (bd, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.58 (bd, 1H), 5.17 (dd, 2H), 5.01 (d, 1H), 4.99 (bp, 1H), 4.66-4.63 (m, 1H), 4.56 (bp, 1H), 4.35 (d, 1H), 4.29 (s, 1H), 4.19-4.05 (m, 4H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.47-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.92-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.02 (m, 3H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s,

3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.41 (s, 9H), 1.32 (d, 3H), 1.03 (d, 3H), 0.93 (d, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 172.1, 170.2, 169.7, 168.5, 149.7, 148.7, 145.9, 141.0, 140.5, 132.0,
130.2, 125.3, 124.4, 120.3, 117.9, 113.5, 102.0, 99.2, 61.5, 60.2, 59.6, 59.4, 58.5, 57.7,
57.4, 55.0, 54.6, 51.9, 50.2, 42.0, 41.4, 32.7, 32.2, 28.2, 23.8, 20.3, 19.1, 18.1, 17.8,
16.3, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C46H6oN6O,3S: 936.4. Found (M*): 937.2.
CN
Compound 13e (using 5 equiv. of CH3(CH2)6CO2H as the acid, 7 equiv. of DMAP and 7 equiv. of EDOHC1): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.17 (dd, 2H), 5.02-4.98 (m, 2H), 4.56 (bp, 1H), 4.34 (d, 1H), 4.28 (s, 1H), 4.19 (d, 1H), 4.11 (dd, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.46 (d, 1H), 3.42-3.39 (m, 1H), 2.89-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.32-1.96 (m, 4H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.60-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.32-1.23 (m, 8H), 0.90 (t, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 172.5, 168.6, 167.1, 148.9, 148.2, 145.8, 141.1, 140.6, 130.7,
125.3, 125.1,124.7,120.9, 118.1, 113.6, 113.1, 102.0, 99.2, 71.4, 61.5, 60.0, 59.8, 59.2,
58.6, 57.4, 55.0, 54.6, 41.6, 41.5, 33.8, 31.7, 29.1, 28.9, 24.7, 23.9, 22.6, 20.2, 15.9,
14.0, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C41H5iN3OnS: 793.3. Found (M+H*): 794.9.

Compound 13f (using 4 equiv. of CH3(CH2)i4CO2H as the acid, 6 equiv. of DMAP and 6 equiv. of EDC-HC1): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.17 (dd, 2H), 5.02-4.98 (m, 2H), 4.56 (bp, 1H), 4.34 (d, 1H), 4.28 (s, 1H), 4.19 (d, 1H), 4.12 (dd, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.46 (d, 1H), 3.45-3.41 (m, 1H), 2.89-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.37-1.96 (m, 4H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.63-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.35-1.23 (m, 24H), 0.88 (t, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 172.6, 168.6, 167.1, 148.9, 148.2, 145.8, 141.1, 140.6, 130.7, 125.3, 125.1,124.7,120.9,118.1,113.6, 113.1, 102.0, 99.2, 71.4, 61.5, 60.0, 59.8, 59.2, 58.6, 57.4, 55.0, 54.6, 41.6, 41.5, 33.9, 31.9, 31.7, 30.9, 29.7, 29.5, 29.3, 29.3, 29.2, 29.1,24.7,23.9,22.7, 20.2,15.9,14.1, 9.6.
Example 3
Method C: To a solution of 1 equiv. of 1 coevaporated twice with anhydrous toluene in CH2C12 (0.05M) under Argon, were added 1.05 equiv. of phthalic anhydride. After 30 min the reaction was cold to 0°C and 2.5 equiv. of Et3N and 1.5 equiv. of ClCO2Et were added. 5 min later the reaction was wanned to RT and stirred for 7h. Then it was diluted with CH2C12, washed with a saturated solution of NaHCO3 and the organic layer dried with Na2SO4. Flash chromatography (hex/EtOAc, 3:2) gives 2d in 85% yield.
Compound 2j: 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 7.91-7.70 (m, 4H), 6.67 (s, 1H), 6.06 (dd, 2H), 5.19 (dd, 2H), 5.05 (d, 1H), 4.64-4.62 (m, 2H), 4.37 (d, 1H), 4.32 (s, 1H), 4.20 (d, 1H), 4.12 (dd, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.50 (d, 1H), 3.41-3.40 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.36-2.11 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s, 3H); ESI- MS m/z: Calcd. for C4iH4oN4OuS: 796.2. Found (M+HT): 797.2.

Example 4

Method D: To a solution of 1 equiv. of 1 in CH3CN/CH2C12 3:1 (0.025M) under Argon, were added 1 equiv. of formaline solution (37%) and 1 equiv. of NaBH3CN. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. Then, 2 equiv. of acetic acid were added the solution which turned to orange-yellow was stirred for Ih 30 min. After this time the reaction mixture was diluted with CH2C12, neutralized with NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2- The organic layer was dried with Na2SC>4. Flash chromatography gives the pure compound.
Compound 2m: 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 6.66 (s, IH),
6.03 (dd, 2H), 5.17 (dd, 2H), 4.98 (d, IH), 4.58 (bp, IH),
4.32 (d, IH), 4.25 (s, IH), 4.15-4.13 (m, IH), 3.95 (dd, IH),
3.78 (s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.54-3.41 (m, 3H), 2.92-2.80 (m,
2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.17-2.07 (bp, 6H), 2.16 (s,
3H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.86 (dd, 2H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for
v_6 CN C35H42N4O9S: 694.3. Found (M+H+): 695.3.
Example 5
Method E: To a solution of 1 equiv. of 1 (3p for 3q-r, 3s for 3u, 3v for 3x, 11 for 13c, 13h, 1311 and 24 for 26) in CH2C12 (0.08M) under Argon at RT were added 1.1 equiv. of pyridine. Then the reaction was cold to 0°C and 1.1 equiv of the acid chloride were added. 5 min later the reaction was wanned to RT and stirred for 45 min. Then it was diluted with CH2C12, washed with a saturated solution of NaCl and the organic layer dried with Na2SO4. Flash chromatography gives pure compounds.
CN
Compound 2c (using butyryl chloride): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.76 (s, IH), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.52 (bd, IH), 5.17 (dd, 2H), 5.02 (d, iH), 4.61 (ddd, IH), 4.52 (bp, IH), 4.34 (dd, IH), 4.27 (s, IH), 4.19 (d, IH), 4.17 (dd, IH), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.47-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.92 (bd, 2H), 2.34-1.98 (m, 4H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.71-1.58 (m, 2H), 0.96 (t, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 171.7, 170.6, 168.4, 149.6, 148.5, 145.8, 141.0, 140.4, 131.0,130.5,125.7,124.6, 120.4,117.9,113.4,102.0, 99.1, 61.5, 60.1, 59.6, 59.2, 58.6, 57.4, 55.0, 54.5, 51.9, 41.8, 41.3, 38.2, 32.7, 23.7, 20.2, 18.8, 16.1, 13.7, 9.5. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C37H44N4OioS: 736.3. Found (M+H*): 737.2.
Compound 2d (using isovaleryl chloride): ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.76 (s, IH), 6.05 (dd, 2H), 5.50 (bd, IH), 5.17 (dd, 2H), 5.02 (d, IH), 4.63 (ddd, IH), 4.53 (bp, IH), 4.35 (dd, IH), 4.28 (s, IH), 4.20 (d, IH), 4.18 (dd, IH), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.47-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.92 (bd, 2H), 2.30-1.92 (m, 5H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 0.99 (d, 3H), 0.93 (d, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 171.3, 170.6, 168.4, 149.6, 148.5, 141.0, 140.5, 130.9,

130.5, 125.7, 124.6, 120.4, 118.0, 113.5, 113.4, 102.0, 99.2, 61.5, 60.1, 59.6, 59.3, 58.6, 57.5, 55.0, 54.6, 51.8,45.6, 41.9, 41.4, 31.8, 25.8, 23.8, 22.5, 22.4, 20.2, 16.3, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C^H^OioS: 750.3. Found (M+H4): 751.3.
CN
Compound 2h (using cinnamoyl chloride): ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 5 7.61 (d, 1H), 7.55-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.44-7.37 (m, 3H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 6.24 (d, 1H), 6.05 (dd, 2H), 5.72 (d, 1H), 5.16 (dd, 2H), 5.05 (d, 1H), 4.71 (ddd, 1H), 4.54 (bp, 1H), 4.35 (dd, 1H), 4.29 (s, 1H), 4.22-4.17 (m, 2H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.48-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.97-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.51-2.45 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.03 (m, 1H), 2.27 (s, 6H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 170.5, 168.4, 164.5, 149.7, 148.5, 145.8, 142.1, 141.0, 140.4, 134.7, 131.1, 130.5, 129.8, 128.8, 127.9, 125.5, 124.4, 120.4, 119.7, 118.0, 113.4, 113.3, 102.0, 99.1,
61.4, 60.3, 59.6, 59.2, 58.8, 57.4, 54.9, 54.5, 52.6, 41.7, 41.4, 32.7, 23.8, 20.2, 16.3, 9.6.
ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C^H^OioS: 796.3. Found (M+H*): 797.2.
CN
Compound 2i (using trans-3-(trifluoromethyl)-cinnamoyl chloride): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 7.82-7.51 (m, 5H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 6.29 (d, 1H), 6.05 (dd, 2H), 5.75 (d, 1H), 5.17 (dd, 2H), 5.05 (d, 1H), 4.73-4.69 (m, 1H), 4.55 (bp, 1H), 4.36 (d, 1H), 4.39 (s, 1H), 4.23-4.18 (m, 2H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.48-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.96 (bd, 2H), 2.49-2.44 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.04 (m, 1H), 2.27 (s, 6H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 170.3, 168.4, 163.8, 149.7, 148.5, 145.9,
141.1, 140.5, 135.5, 134.6, 131.6, 131.0, 130.6, 129.5, 126.3, 126.2, 125.6, 124.4, 123.7, 123.6,121.5,120.3, 117.9, 113.5, 113.3,102.0, 99.2, 61.4, 60.4, 59.6, 59.2, 58.9,
57.5, 54.9, 54.5, 52.6, 41.8, 41.4, 32.6, 23.8, 20.3, 16.2, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for
C43H43N4F3Oi0S: 864.3. Found (M+H*): 865.0.
Compound 3q (from Compound 3p using acetyl chloride): ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.54 (s, 1H), 6.08 (d, 1H), 6.05 (dd, 2H), 5.81 (s, 1H), 5.59 (d, 1H), 5.02 (d, 1H), 4.67 (dt, 1H), 4.58 (bp, 1H), 4.29 (s, 1H), 4.26 (dd, 1H), 4.21-4.16 (m, 1H), 4.09 (dd, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.45-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.91-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 2.29-1.98 (m, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.98 (s, 3H), 1.06 (d, 3H), 0.96 (d, 3H); I3C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 170.2, 169.5, 168.6, 148.1, 145.9, 143.3, 141.1, 140.4, 130.4, 130.1, 120.4, 120.2, 118.5, 118.0, 113.5, 102.0, 61.4, 60.4, 59.3, 58.8, 57.7, 54.7, 54.6, 51.8, 42.0, 41.5, 32.7, 32.3, 23.8, 23.3, 20.5, 19.1, 18.0, 16.2, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C^JLjjNjOioS: 763.3. Found (M+fT): 764.3
Compound 3r (from Compound 3p using cinnamoyl chloride): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 7.59 (d, 1H), 7.50-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.34 (m, 3H), 6.57 (s, 1H), 6.42 (d, 1H), 6.30 (d, 1H), 6.05 (dd, 2H), 5.81 (s, 1H), 5.64 (d,

1H), 5.03 (d, 1H), 4.70-4.67 (m, 1H), 4.58 (bp, 1H), 4.30-4.24 (m, 3H), 4.21-4.17 (m, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.45 (bd, 2H), 2.92-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.56 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.03 (m, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.10 (d, 3H), 1.00 (d, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 170.2, 170.1, 169.4, 168.5, 165.3, 148.1, 145.9, 143.4, 141.2, 140.4, 134.8,
130.5, 130.1, 129.7, 128.8, 127.8, 120.6, 120.4, 120.2, 118.5, 118.0, 113.5, 113.5,
102.0, 61.4, 60.4, 59.4, 58.9, 57.7, 54.7, 54.6, 51.9, 42.0, 41.5, 32.7, 23.8, 20.5, 19.2,
18.0, 16.4, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C45H49N5O,oS: 851.3. Found (M+H4): 852.3
Compound 3u (from Compound 3s using cinnamoyl chloride): !H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 7.63 (d, 1H), 7.50-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.38-7.35 (m, 3H), 6.62 (d, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 6.41 (d, 1H), 6.35 (d, 1H), 6.05 (dd, 2H), 5.82 (s, 1H), 5.60 (d, 1H), 5.02 (d, 1H), 4.68-4.60 (m, 2H), 4.58 (bp, 1H), 4.29 (s, 1H), 4.26 (dd, 1H), 4.21-4.15 (m, 2H), 4.10 (dd, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.45-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.91-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.30-2.03 (m, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.41 (d, 3H), 1.04 (d, 3H), 0.94 (d, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 171.8, 170.2, 169.6, 168.5, 165.4, 148.0, 145.9, 143.3, 141.6, 141.1, 140.5, 134.7,
130.6, 129.8, 129.8, 128.8, 127.8, 120.3, 120.1, 118.7, 118.0, 113.5, 102.0, 61.5, 60.3,
59.4, 58.8, 57.8, 54.7, 54.6, 51.9, 49.0, 42.1, 41.5, 32.6, 32.3, 23.8, 20.5, 19.2, 18.6,
17.7,16.3,9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C48H54N6OnS: 922.4. Found (M+H*): 923.1.

Compound 3x (from Compound 3v using cinnamoyl chloride): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 7.60 (d, 1H), 7.49-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.34 (m, 3H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 6.48 (d, 1H), 6.39 (d, 1H), 6.05 (dd, 2H), 5.84 (s, 1H), 5.58 (d, 1H), 5.03 (d, 1H), 4.64-4.59 (m, 1H), 4.58 (bp, 1H), 4.36-4.8 (m, 1H), 4.28 (s, 1H), 4.26 (d, 1H), 4.22-4.17 (m, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.45-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.92 (d, 2H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.03 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.54 (d, 3H); ); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 171.4, 170.1, 168.6, 164.9, 148.2, 145.9, 143.2, 141.1, 134.8, 130.5, 130.0, 129.7, 128.8, 127.8, 120.4, 120.4, 120.0, 118.8, 118.0, 113.6, 113.4, 102.0, 61.4, 60.6, 60.4, 59.3, 59.1, 54.8, 54.6, 51.7, 48.7, 41.9, 41.5, 32.5, 23.8, 20.5, 20.0, 16.2, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C43H45N5OioS: 823.3. Found (M+H+): 824.3.

Compound 13c (from Compound 11 butyryl chloride and 30 equiv. of pyr): CDC13): 8 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.17 (dd, 2H), 5.02 (bt, 1H), 5.01 (d, 1H), 4.57 (bp, 1H), 4.34 (dd, 1H), 4.29 (s, 1H), 4.19 (d, 1H), 4.12 (dd, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.46 (d, 1H), 3.45-3.42 (m, 1H), 2.88 (bd, 2H), 2.30-2.16 (m, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 2.02-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.56 (m, 2H), 0.98 (t, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 5 172.5, 168.8, 167.3, 149.1, 148.4, 146.0, 141.3,

140.9, 131.0, 125.6, 125.0, 121.2, 118.3, 113.8, 113.3, 102.2, 99.4, 71.7, 61.7, 60.3, 60.0, 59.4, 58.8, 57.6, 55.2, 54.9, 41.9,41.7, 36.1, 32.0, 24.2, 20.5,18.5, 16.1, 13.9, 9.8. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C37H43N3OnS: 737.3. Found (M+Na*): 760.2.

CN
Compound 13h (from Compound 11 using 5 equiv. of cinnamoyl chloride, 7.5 equiv. of pyr and CH3CN as cosolvent): !H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 7.68 (d, 1H), 7.56-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.39 (m, 3H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 6.30 (d, 1H), 6.05 (dd, 2H), 5.22-5.13 (m, 3H), 5.04 (d, 1H), 4.58 (bp, 1H), 4.35 (d, 1H), 4.31 (s, 1H), 4.21 (d, 1H), 4.15 (dd, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.48 (d, 1H), 3.43-3.39 (m, 1H), 2 90-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.41 (m, 1H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.07-2.03 (m, 1H), 2.04 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 6 168.6, 167.1, 165.6, 148.8, 148.2, 145.7, 141.1, 140.6, 134.4, 130.9, 130.7, 130.4, 128.9, 128.2,128.1,125.2, 124.7, 120.9, 118.1, 117.3,113.7, 113.1, 102.0, 99.2, 71.9, 61.5, 60.0, 59.8, 59.3, 58.5, 57.4, 54.9, 54.6, 41.7,41.5, 31.8, 23.9, 20.2, 16.0, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C42H43N3OnS: 797.3. Found (M+H+): 798.8.

CN
Compound 1311 (from Compound 11 using 5 equiv. of methanesulfonyl chloride and 5 equiv. of Et3N as base): ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 5 6.65 (s, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.17 (dd, 2H), 5.00 (d, 1H), 4.93 (dd, 1H), 4.58 (bp, 1H), 4.34 (dd, 1H), 4.29 (s, 1H), 4.16-4.12 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.46 (d, 1H), 3.44-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.96-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s,
3H), 2.04-1.97 (m, 1H), 2.03 (s, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C34H39N3Oi2S2: 745.2.
Found (M+H*): 746.2.
NHAC ^u Compound 26 (from Compound 24 using 1.05 equiv of acetyl chloride and without base): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.05 (d, 2H), 5.95 (s, 1H), 5.60 (d, 1H), 5.59 (bp, 1H), 5.03 (d, 1H), 4.58-4.53 (m, 2H), 4.27 (s, 1H), 4.26 (d, 1H), 4.20- 4.16 (m, 2H), 3.43-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.90-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.11 (m, 2H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.85 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 170.4, 169.5, 168.9, 145.8, 144.5, 140.9, 140.4, 139.9, 127.1, 123.6, 120.1, 119.8, 119.2, 118.1, 113.5, 113.4, 102.0, 61.3, 60.4, 59.2, 58.9, 54.7, 54.5, 52.0, 41.7, 41.4, 32.3, 23.5, 22.8, 20.6, 16.2, 9.6; ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C32H34N4O9S: 650.2. Found (M+*T): 651.3.
Example 6
Method F: To a solution of 1 equiv. of 1 in DMF (0.03M) under Argon at room temperature, were added 0.9 equiv. of Cs2CO3 and 0.9 equiv on BnBr. After 2h 30 min the reaction was quenched with luL of AcOH, diluted with Hex/EtOAc (1:3), washed with H20 and extracted with Hex/EtOAc (1:3). The organic layer was dried with Na2SC>4. Flash chromatography give pure compound 2n.

NHBn / Compound 2n: !H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 7.32-7.20 (m,
5H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 6.02 (dd, 2H), 5.15 (dd, 2H), 5.04 (d, 1H), 4.51 (bp, 1H), 4.32 (d, 1H), 4.25-4.23 (m, 2H), 4.12 (dd, 1H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.62 (dd, 2H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.44-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.19-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.36-1.91 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.91 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 172.7, 168.6, 149.3, 148.2, 145.6, 140.9, 140.4, 139.9, 131.5, 130.3, 128.3, 128.1, 126.9, 124.9, 124.7, 120.9, 118.1, 113.8, 113.2, 101.9, 99.1, 61.5, 59.7, 59.6, 59.5, 59.2, 58.9, 57.4, 54.9, 54.7, 51.3, 41.5, 41.4, 33.3, 23.8, 20.3, 15.3, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C4oH44N4O9S: 756.3. Found (M+Na*): 779.2.
Example 7
Method G: To a solution of 1 equiv. of 2a-n, 2t, 2w, 2y, 11, 12*, 13a-c, 13e-f, 13h, 1311,14a* or 7-9 in CH3CN/CH2C12 5:4 (0.026M) under Argon were added 6 equiv. of Nal and 6 equiv. of fresh distilled TMSCl. After 20 min the reaction was quenched with a saturated solution of Na2S2O4, diluted with CH2CI2, washed with Na2S2O4 (x3), or with NaCl. The aqueous layer extracted with CH2C12. The organic layer was dried with Na2SC>4. Flash chromatography gives pure compounds 3a-n, 3p, 3s-t, 3v-w, 3y-z, 15, 16*, 17a-c, 17e-f, 17h, 1711,18a*.

Compound 3a (from 2a): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.56 (s, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.78 (s, 1H), 5.52 (bd, 1H), 5.02 (d, 1H), 4.58 (ddd, 1H), 4.53 (bs, 1H), 4.27-4.25 (m, 2H), 4.19-4.15 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.44-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.92-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.36-2.02 (m, 2H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.88 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 170.5, 168.8, 168.4, 148.1, 145.8, 143.1, 141.0, 140.3, 130.7, 129.9, 129.0, 120.3,
119.0, 117.9, 113.5, 102.0, 61.3, 60.3, 60.2, 59.3, 58.9, 54.7, 54.5, 51.9, 41.8, 41.4,
32.4, 23.7, 22.8, 20.4, 16.0, 9.5; ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C33H36N409S: 664.2. Found
(M+lT): 665.2.
Compound 3b (from 2b): !H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.41 (bd, 1H), 6.05 (dd, 2H), 5.72 (s, 1H), 5.05 (d, 1H), 4.60 (bp, 1H), 4.54-4.51 (m, 1H), 4.32 (s, 1H), 4.26-4.18 (m, 3H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.46-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.97-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.38 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.03 (m, 1H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 168.8, 168.5, 156.3, 155.8, 155.3, 147.6, 146.0, 143.1, 141.2, 140.5, 130.5, 129.9, 120.7, 120.6, 120.1, 118.0, 117.9, 113.2,
101.1, 61.4, 60.7, 60.1, 59.5, 58.9, 54.6, 54.5, 52.8, 42.0, 41.5, 31.9, 23.8, 20.4, 15.6,
9.6; ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C33H33F3N4O9S: 718.2. Found (M+If"): 719.2.

Compound 3c (from 2c): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.54 (s, IH), 6.03 (dd, 2H), 5.82 (s, IH), 5.49 (bd, IH), 5.02 (d, IH), 4.61 (ddd, IH), 4.53 (bp, IH), 4.27-4.24 (m, 2H), 4.19-4.15 (m, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.44-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.90 (bd, 2H), 2.31-1.94 (m, 4H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.67-1.57 (m, 2H), 0.95 (t, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 171.8, 170.5, 148.0, 145.8, 143.1, 141.0, 140.4, 130.8, 129.0, 120.4, 120.2, 119.0, 118.0, 113.4, 102.0, 61.4, 60.2, 59.4, 58.9, 54.7, 54.5, 51.7, 41.8, 41.4, 38.2, 32.6, 23.8, 20.5, 18.8, 16.0, 13.7, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for CasH^N^S: 692.2. Found (M+H*): 693.9.

Compound 3d (from 2d): ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): S 6.54 (s, IH), 6.04 (dd, 2H),
ON
5.76 (s, IH), 5.48 (bd, IH), 5.02 (d, IH), 4.66-4.60 (m, IH), 4.53 (bp, IH), 4.27-4.23 (m, 2H), 4.19-4.15 (m, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.44-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.90 (bd, 2H), 2.33-1.90 (m, 5H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 0.98 (d, 3H), 0.92 (d, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 171.3, 170.6, 168.5, 148.0, 145.8, 143.1, 141.1, 140.4, 130.8, 129.0, 127.6, 120.5, 120.3, 119.1, 118.0, 113.5, 102.0, 74.2, 61.4, 60.3, 59.4, 58.8, 54.7, 54.6, 51.7, 45.5, 41.9, 41.5, 32.7, 25.8, 23.8, 22.5, 22.4, 20.5, 16.2, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for : 706.3. Found (M+Na*): 729.2.

CN
Compound 3e (from 2e): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.54 (s, IH), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.75 (s, IH), 5.48 (bd, IH), 5.02 (d, IH), 4.60 (ddd, IH), 4.53 (bp, IH), 4.27-4.24 (m, 2H), 4.19-4.15 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.48-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.91 (bd, 2H), 2.32-1.97 (m, 4H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.62-1.41 (m, 2H), 1.390-1.25 (m, 8H), 0.89 (t, 3H); I3C NMR (75 MHz, CDClj): S 172.0, 170.6, 168.4, 148.0, 145.8, 143.1, 141.0, 140.4, 130.8, 129.0, 120.4, 120.2, 119.0, 118.0, 113.7, 113.5, 102.0, 61.4, 60.3, 59.4, 58.9, 54.7, 54.6, 51.8, 41.8, 41.5, 36.3, 32.6, 31.7, 29.3, 29.1, 25.4, 23.8, 22.6, 20.5, 16.1, 14.0, 9.6; ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C39H48N4O9S: 748.3. Found (M+H*): 749.3.
9 Compound 3f (from 21): *H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.55
OMe
H NH (CH2)14CH3 (s, IH), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.73 (s, IH), 5.48 (bd, IH), 5.02 (d, ™" IH), 4.60 (ddd, IH), 4.56-4.50 (bp, IH), 4.28-4.24 (m, 2H), 6 4.20-4.14 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.44-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.92-2.90 (bd, 2H), 2.35-1.95 (m, 4H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.62-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.20 (m, 24H), 0.88 (t, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C47H64N4O9S: 860.4. Found (M+H*): 861.5.

Compound 3g (from 2g): !H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 7.69-7.66 (m, 2H), 1.51-1 AS (m, 3H), 6.48 (s, IH), 6.35 (d, IH), 6.06 (dd, 2H), 5.70 (s, IH), 5.07 (d, IH), 4.78-4.74 (m, IH), 4.58 (bp, IH), 4.33 (s, IH), 4.26-4.18 (m, 3H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.47-3.45 (m, 2H), 2.92 (bd, 2H), 2.60-2.53 (m, IH), 2.28-1.93 (m, IH), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.93 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 5 171.7, 170.5, 166.4, 147.7, 145.9, 143.0, 141.1, 140.5, 134.2, 131.6, 130.8, 129.4, 128.6, 127.0, 120.4, 118.5, 118.0, 113.7, 113.4, 102.0, 61.5, 60.3, 60.1, 59.7, 58.8, 54.7, 53.1, 41.9, 41.5, 32.8, 23.9, 20.4, 15.6, 9.6; ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C3gH3gN4O9S: 726.2. Found (M+H+): 727.2.
v-o
Compound 3h (from 2h): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 7.60 (d, IH), 7.54-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.44-7.38 (m, 3H), 6.63 (s, IH), 6.22 (d, IH), 6.05 (dd, 2H), 5.79 (s, IH), 5.73 (d, IH), 5.05 (d, IH), 4.71 (ddd, IH), 4.55 (bp, IH), 4.29 (s, IH), 4.26 (s, IH), 4.21-4.17 (m, 2H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.48-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.95-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.49-2.44 (m, IH), 2.29-2.03 (m, IH), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 170.4, 168.4, 164.5, 148.1, 145.8, 143.1, 142.0, 141.0, 140.4, 134.7, 130.8, 129.8, 129.2, 128.8, 127.9,
120.2, 119.8, 118.9, 118.0, 113.6, 113.3, 102.0, 61.4, 60.4, 60.2, 59.4, 59.0, 54.6, 54.6, 52.5, 41.8, 41.5, 32.6, 23.8, 20.5, 16.2, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C4oH4oN4O9S: 752.2. Found (M+Na+): 775.8.

Compound 3i (from 2i): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 7.82 (s, IH), 7.66-7.51 (m, 4H), 6.64 (s, IH), 6.26 (d, IH), 6.05 (dd, 2H), 5.77 (s, IH), 5.74 (d, IH), 5.05 (d, IH), 4.72 (ddd, IH), 4.56 (bp, IH), 4.29 (s, IH), 4.26 (dd, IH), 4.22-4.16 (m, 2H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.46-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.94 (bd, 2H), 2.47-2.40 (m, IH), 2.30-2.03 (m, IH), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 170.3, 163.9, 148.1, 143.1, 141.1, 140.4, 135.6, 131.7, 130.9, 129.5, 129.0, 126.2, 123.6,
121.7, 120.3, 118.0, 113.3, 102.0, 99.2, 61.4, 60.5, 60.2, 59.4, 59.1, 54.7, 54.6, 52.5, 41.8, 41.5, 32.6, 23.8, 20.5, 16.2, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C4iH39N4F3O9S: 820.2. Found (M+H*): 821.3.

Compound 3j (from 2j): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 7.77-7.68 (m, 4H), 6.26 (s, 1H), 6.06 (dd, 2H), 5.77 (s, 1H), 4.98 (d, 1H), 4.61-4.55 (m, 2H), 4.33-4.21 (m, 2H), 4.09 (d, 1H), 4.97 (dd, 1H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 3.47-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.93-2.77 (m, 2H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.33-2.14 (m, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C39H36N4O,oS: 752.2. Found (M+H*): 753.2.



Compound 6: ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 7.95 (dd, 1H), 7.66-7.45 (m, 3H), 6.13 (s, 1H), 6.07 (dd, 2H), 5.88 (d, 1H), 5.64 (s, 1H), 5.06 (d, 1H), 4.83-4.81 (m, 1H), 4.53 (bp, 1H), 4.30-4.17 (m, 4H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.45-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.94-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.29-2.04 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 6H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C4oH4oN4OiiS: 784.2. Found (M+H+): 785.1.

CN
Compound 3k (from 2k): *H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 5 7.78 (s, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.38 (bd, 1H), 5.29 (bs, 1H), 5.15 (d, 1H), 4.66 (m, 1H), 4.60 (bp, 1H), 4.55-4.51 (m, 1H), 4.40 (d, 1H), 4.34-4.29 (m, 2H), 4.25 (s, 1H), 4.14 (d, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.43-3.39 (m, 2H), 3.09-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.96-2.90 (m, 3H), 2.70 (d, 1H), 2.34-1.94 (m, 4H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.1 1 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.81-1.25 (m, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC10: 5 171.5, 170.8, 168.7, 163.8, 148.8, 145.8, 142.8, 141.1, 140.3, 131.2, 128.9, 120.7, 120.3, 120.1, 118.3, 113.5, 102.0, 61.9, 61.2, 60.2, 59.8, 59.4, 59.4, 56.4, 55.1, 54.7, 51.3, 41.8, 41.4, 41.1, 34.5, 32.6, 27.8, 27.7, 25.0, 24.1, 20.7, 16.1, 9.6; ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for CaiRujNeOic^: 849.0. Found (M+H*): 850.0.

co2H Compound 31 (from 21): ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.57 (s, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.90 (bp, 1H), 5.63 (bd, 1H), 5.02 (d, 1H), 4.60-4.55 (m, 2H), 4.27-4.17 (m, 4H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.47-3.39 (m, 2H), 2.90 (bd, 2H), 2.68-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.58-2.02 (m, 4H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 176.4, 170.5, 170.2, 168.6, 148.1, 145.8, 143.1, 141.0, 140.3, 130.7, 129.2, 120.3, 120.0, 119.0, 118.0, 113.5, 113.3, 102.0, 61.3, 60.4, 60.3, 59.2, 58.9, 54.6,
54.4, 51.9, 41.8, 41.4, 32.3, 30.2, 29.6, 29.1, 28.3, 23.7, 20.5, 16.0, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z:
Calcd. for C35H38N4OnS: 722.2. Found (M+H+): 723.2.

Compound 3m (from 2m): H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.02 (d, 2H), 5.67 (s, 1H), 4.98 (d, 1H), 4.55 (bp, 1H), 4.27-4.22 (m, 2H), 4.14 (d, 1H), 3.94 (dd, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.65-3.38 (m, 3H), 2.96-2.79 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.02 (m, 7H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.88-1.82 (m, 1H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C33H38N4O8S: 650.2. Found (M+H*): 651.3.


OMe
- -Me
CN
7.31-7.21 (m, 5H), 6.37 (s, 1H), 6.02 (dd, 2H), 5.67 (s, 1H), 5.04 (d, 1H), 4.52 (bp, 1H), 4.24-4.22 (m, 3H), 4.11 (dd, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.62 (dd, 2H), 3.42-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.19-3.18 (m, 1H), 3.03-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.34-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.05-2.02 (m, 1H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.93 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 172.7, 168.5, 147.7, 145.6, 142.9, 141.0, 140.4, 140.1, 130.6, 129.3, 128.2, 128.2, 126.8, 120.7, 118.2, 118.0, 113.8, 113.3, 101.9, 99.1, 61.5, 60.1, 59.6, 59.5, 59.2, 54.7, 51.3, 41.6, 41.5, 33.4, 23.8, 20.5, 15.3, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C38H4oN4O8S: 712.3. Found (M+H+): 713.3.
CN
Compound 3p (from 7): ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.73 (bp. 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.05 (dd, 2H), 5.03 (d, 1H), 4.64 (dt, 1H), 4.55 (bp, 1H), 4.31 (s, 1H), 4.26 (dd, 1H), 4.21 (d, 1H), 4.17 (dd, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.49-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.99 (d, 1H), 2.90-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.47-1.97 (m, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 0.97 (d, 3H), 0.79 (d, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 173.6, 170.4, 168.5, 147.6, 145.9, 143.1, 141.1, 140.5, 130.8, 129.0, 120.8, 120.6, 118.8, 118.0, 113.5, 113.3, 102.0, 61.5, 60.6, 60.2,
60.0, 59.6, 58.6, 54.7, 54.6, 51.9, 42.0,41.5, 33.0, 31.6, 23.9, 20.4, 19.6, 16.8, 16.2, 9.6.
ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for Cs^NsC^S: 721.3. Found (M+H*): 722.2

CN
145.9, 143.3, 141
60.4, 60.3, 59.4,
20.4, 19.3, 18.0,
(M+lT): 793.3.

Compound 3s (from 9 using 9 equiv of TMSC1 and Nal. The reaction was quenched with brine and Na2CO3): !H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 7.74 (d, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 6.05 (dd, 2H), 5.61 (d, 1H), 5.02 (d, 1H), 4.68-4.64 (m, 1H), 4.57 (bp, 1H), 4.29 (s, 1H), 4.27 (dd, 1H), 4.20-4.16 (m, 2H), 4.04 (dd, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.52-3.43 (m, 3H), 2.91-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 2.29-2.02 (m, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.33 (d, 3H), 1.07 (d, 3H), 0.97 (d, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 175.2, 170.2, 170.2,168.5,148.0, .1,140.4, 130.4, 130.1, 120.4, 120.2, 118.5, 118.0, 113.5, 102.0, 61.5, 58.8, 57.4, 54.7, 54.6, 51.8, 50.9, 42.0, 41.5, 32.7, 32.2, 23.8, 21.8, 16.3, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C39H48N6Oi0S: 792.3. Found

CN
Compound 3t (from 2t): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 6.59 (bd, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.28-6.22 (m, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.89 (s, 1H), 5.60, 5.58 (2d, 1H), 5.01 (d, 1H), 4.66-4.62 (m, 1H), 4.57 (bp, 1H), 4.50-4.43 (m, 1H), 4.28 (s, 1H), 4.25 (d, 1H), 4.20-4.12 (m, 2H), 4.09-4.04 (m, 1H), 3.78, 3.77 (2s, 3H), 3.47-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.90-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.28-1.98 (m, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.16, 2.15 (2s, 3H), 2.03, 2.02 (2s, 3H), 1.98 (s, 3H), 1.36, 1.32 (2d, 3H), 1.05, 1.03 (2d, 3H), 0.93 (d, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 5 171.9, 170.1, 169.7, 169.6, 168.5, 148.0, 145.9, 143.2, 141.1, 140.4, 130.6, 129.8, 120.3, 120.2, 118.7, 118.0, 113.4, 102.0, 61.4, 60.3, 60.3, 59.4, 58.8, 57.7, 57.6, 54.6, 54.5, 51.9, 48.9, 48.9, 42.0, 41.5, 32.6, 32.3, 32.2, 23.8, 23.1, 20.5, 19.2, 19.1, 19.1, 18.5, 17.7, 17.7, 16.2, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C^HsoNeOnS: 834.3. Found (M+H*): 835.3.
CN
Compound 3v (from 8; the reaction was quenched with brine and Na2CO3): ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): S 6.70 (bp, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.03 (d, 1H), 4.58-4.53 (m, 2H), 4.30 (s, 1H), 4.25 (dd, 1H), 4.20-4.14 (m, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.45-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.30 (dd, 1H), 2.90-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.00 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.25 (d, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 6 175.0, 170.3, 168.4, 147.6, 145.9, 143.1, 141.1, 140.5, 130.8, 129.0, 120.9, 120.5, 118.7, 118.0, 113.5, 113.3, 102.0, 61.5, 60.2, 60.1, 59.6, 58.8, 54.8, 54.6, 52.1, 50.8, 41.9, 41.5, 32.7, 23.9, 21.6, 20.4, 16.1, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C^^NsOgS: 693.2. Found (M+H*): 694.3.
CN
Compound 3w (from 2w; the reaction was quenched with brine): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 6.67, 6.55 (2s, 1H), 6.30 (m, 1H), 6.05 (dd, 2H), 5.86, 5.79 (2s, 1H), 5.65, 5.54 (2bd, 1H), 5.03, 5.02 (2d, 1H), 4.60-4.17 (m, 7H), 3.79, 3.76 (2s, 3H), 3.45-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.92-2.85 (bd, 2H), 2.46-1.95 (m, 2H), 2.46, 2.40 (2s, 3H), 2.29, 2.28 (2s, 3H), 2.17, 2.15 (2s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.98, 1.95 (2s, 3H), 1.45,1.20 (2d, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 5 171.5, 170.1, 169.9, 169.1, 168.6, 148.2, 147.7, 145.9, 143.2, 141.1, 140.4, 130.9, 130.4, 130.0, 129.8, 120.8, 120.3, 118.8, 118.0, 113.6, 113.4, 102.0, 61.5, 61.4, 60.5, 60.4, 59.3, 59.1, 58.7, 54.8, 54.6, 51.9, 51.7, 48.5,42.1,41.9, 41.5, 32.4, 32.3, 23.8, 23.2, 20.5,19.9, 16.0, 15.8, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C36H4iN5O10S: 735.3. Found (M+H*): 736.2.

FmS

Compound 3y (from 2y): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 5 7.77-7.68 (m, 4H), 7.42-7.26 (m, 4H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.05 (bd, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.96-5.87 (m, 1H), 5.74 (s, 1H), 5.58 (bd, 1H), 5.38-5.20 (m, 2H), 5.00 (d, 1H), 4.60-4.55 (m, 4H), 4.33-4.08 (m, 6H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.44-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.19-3.13 (m, 1H), 3.05-2.83 (m, 5H), 2.38-2.02 (m, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C52H53N5OiiS2: 987.3. Found (M+H4): 988.1.

NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 168.5, 167.0, 165.6, 147.2, 145.8, 145.6, 142.9, 141.1, 140.6, 134.5, 131.1, 130.4, 128.9, 128.8, 128.1, 121.1, 120.8, 118.1, 118.0, 117.4, 113.6, 113.1, 102.0, 71.9, 61.5, 60.3, 59.9, 58.7, 54.7, 54.7, 41.7, 41.6, 31.8, 24.0, 20.4, 15.9, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C4oH39N3OioS: 753.2. Found (M+H^: 754.7.
pso2CH3 Compound 1711 (from 1311): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8
6.43 (s, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.70 (s, 1H), 5.00 (d, 1H), 4.94-4.90 (m, 1H), 4.59 (bp, 1H), 4.28 (s, 1H), 4.24 (d, 1H), 4.17-4.11 (m, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.46 (d, 1H), 3.45-3.39 (m, 2H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.94-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.08-2.03 (m, 1H), 2.03 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8168.8, 166.9, 147.8, 146.1, 143.2, 141.4, 140.8, 130.7, 129.4, 121.3, 120.5, 118.2, 118.0, 113.6, 113.3, 102.3, 77.4, 61.4, 61.0, 60.5, 60.1, 59.6, 55.0, 54.8, 41.8, 41.7, 39.6, 33.0, 24.3, 20.6, 16.0,9.8. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C32H35N3OUS2: 701.2. Found (M+Na+): 724.6.

Compound 18a* (from 14a*): !H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 5 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.69 (s, 1H), 4.50-4.06 (m, 7H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.53 (d, 1H), 3.41-3.38 (m, 1H), 2.96-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.75 (d, 1H), 2.33-1.84 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.94 (s, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C33H35N3Oi0S: 665.2. Found (M+H4): 666.7.

Example 8
Method H: To a solution of 1 equiv. of 5 in CH3CN (0.05M) under Argon at room temperature, were added the amine and 3 equiv. of AcOH. After 40 min. 1.5 equiv. of NaBH3CN were added and the solution was stirred for 40 min. After this time the reaction mixture was diluted with CH2C12, neutralized with NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Ch. The organic layer was dried with Na2SC»4. Flash chromatography gives pure compounds.
--Me
CN
Compound 3o (using propyl amine): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.02 (dd, 2H), 5.71 (s, 1H), 5.01 (d, 1H), 4.53 (bp, 1H), 4.24-4.19 (m, 3H), 4.10 (dd, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.41-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.17-3.16 (m, 1H), 3.00-2.82 (m, 2H), 2.46-1.97 (m, 4H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.44-1.25 (m, 2H), 0.84 (t, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 172.5, 168.6, 147.6, 145.5, 142.9, 140.8, 140.4, 130.6, 129.1, 120.8, 120.7, 118.2, 113.7, 113.2, 101.9,
61.4, 60.1, 60.0, 59.5, 59.0, 54.7, 54.6, 49.2,41.5, 32.9,23.8,23.3, 20.6,15.7,11.7, 9.6.
ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C34H4oN4O8S: 664.3. Found (M+H*): 665.3.
Example 9
Method I: To a solution of 1 equiv. of 3b-i, 3k-l, 3q, 3s, 3u-v, 3x-y or 15 in CH3CN/H20 3:2 (0.009M) were added 30 equiv. of AgNO3. After 24 h the reaction was

quenched with a mixture 1:1 of saturated solutions of brine and NaHCO3, stirred for 10 min and diluted and extracted with CHjCb- The organic layer was dried with Na2SO4. Chromatography gives pure compounds 4b-i, 4k-l, 4q, 4s, 4u-v, 4x-y or 19.
Compound 4b: tR= 48.2 min [HPLC, Symmetry 300 C18, 5|im, 250x4.6 mm, X= 285 nm, flow= 1.2 ml/min, temp= 40°C, grad.: CH^Naq.-NRtOAc (lOmM), 1% DEA, pH= 3.0, 10%-60% (90')]; 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.49 (bd, 1H), 6.02 (dd, 2H), 5.69 (bp, 1H), 5.17 (d, 1H),
OH
4.81 (s, 1H), 4.52-4.46 (m, 3H), 4.16-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.74 (s,
3H), 3.51-3.48 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.20 (m, 1H), 2.83-2.80 (m,
2H), 2.45-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.02 (m, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.27
(s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 6 168.8, 168.6, 156.8, 156.3, 155.7, 147.4, 145.7, 142.9, 141.1, 140.9, 131.2, 129.7, 120.8, 120.7, 117.9, 114.9, 112.7, 101.9, 81.4, 62.0, 60.1, 57.7, 57.6, 56.0, 54.8, 52.9, 42.2, 41.3, 29.7 ,23.6, 20.5, 15.6, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C32H34F3N3O,0S: 709.2. Found (M-HzO+H^: 692.2.
Compound 4c: !H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.56 (s, 1H), 6.01 (dd, 2H), 5.70 (s, 1H), 5.57 (bd, 1H), 5.15 (d, 1H), 4.77 (s, 1H), 4.61-4.57 (m, 1H), 4.50-4.42 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.49-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.23-3.15 (m, 1H), 2.85-
OH
2.82 (m, 2H), 2.32-1.98 (m, 4H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H),
2.13 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.65-1.58 (m, 2H), 0.96 (t, 3H); 13C
NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 171.8, 170.5, 147.9, 145.6, 143.0,
141.0, 140.8, 131.6, 128.8, 121.0, 120.7, 118.9, 115.3, 101.8,
81.5, 61.6, 60.3, 57.8, 57.6, 56.0, 55.0, 51.9, 42.0, 41.3, 38.3, 32.6, 23.7, 20.5, 18.9, 16.1, 13.8, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C34H4iN3O10S: 683.2. Found (M-H2O+H+): 666.3.

Compound 4d: !H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3): 6 6.66 (s, 1H), 6.02 (dd, 2H), 5.72 (bs, 1H), 5.55 (bd, 1H), 5.15 (d, 1H), 4.78 (s, 1H), 4.64-4.60 (m, 1H), 4.48-4.42 (m, 2H), 4.17-4.12 (m, 1H), 4.09 (dd, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.53-3.48 (m, 1H), 3.27-3.20 (m, 1H), 2.90-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.34-1.91 (m, 5H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 0.98 (d, 3H), 0.93 (d, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C35H43N3O]0S: 697.3. Found (M-H2O+H+): 680.0.
Compound 4e: 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.56 (s, 1H), 6.02 (d, 2H), 5.70 (s, 1H), 5.55 (bd, 1H), 5.15 (d, 1H), 4.77 (s, 1H), 4.61-4.55 (m, 1H), 4.50-4.42 (m, 2H), 4.17-4.14 (m, 1H), 4.08 (dd, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.51-3.48 (m, 1H), 3.26-3.19 (m, 1H), 2.86-2.79 (m, 2H), 2.32-1.98 (m, 4H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.65-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.37-1.22 (m, 8H), 0.89 (t, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C38H49N30IOS: 739.3. Found (M-HzO+H*): 722.3.

Compound 4f: ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.56 (s, IH), 6.02 (dd, 2H), 5.70 (s, IH), 5.57-5.53 (bd, IH), 5.14 (d, IH), 4.77 (s, IH), 4.58 (ddd, IH), 4.47-4.43 (m, 2H), 4.18-4.13 (m, IH), 4.08 (dd, IH), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.50-3.46 (m, IH), 3.25-3.19 (m, IH), 2.88-2.82 (m, IH), 2.32-1.95 (m, 4H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.40-1.20 (m, 26H), 0.88 (t, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for G,6H65N3O,oS: 851.4. Found (M-^O+H*): 834.5.

--Me
OH
Compound 4g: !H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 7.70-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.45 (m, 3H), 6.49 (s, IH), 6.42 (d, IH), 6.03 (dd, 2H), 5.66 (s, IH), 5.20 (d, IH), 4.82 (s, IH), 4.73 (dt, 1H), 4.52-4.45 (m, 2H), 4.16-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.52 (bd, IH), 3.27-3.22 (m, IH), 2.90-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.62-2.56 (m, IH), 2.28-1.92 (m, IH), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.92 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 170.4, 168.5, 166.4, 147.6, 145.7, 142.9, 141.1, 140.9, 134.4, 131.5, 129.3, 128.6, 127.0, 125.1, 121.2, 120.5, 115.1, 112.6, 101.8, 81.5, 61.6, 60.1, 57.9, 56.0, 55.0, 53.3, 42.1, 41.3, 32.7, 23.9, 20.4, 15.6, 9.6; ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C37H39N3O10S: 717.2. Found (M-fyO+H*): 699.9.
--Me
OH
Compound 4h: !H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 7.60 (d, IH), 7.55-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.44-7.38 (m, 3H), 6.65 (s, IH), 6.25 (d, IH), 6.02 (dd, 2H), 5.80 (d, IH), 5.71 (s, IH), 5.18 (d, IH), 4.79 (s, IH), 4.69 (ddd, IH), 4.49-4-43 (m, 2H), 4.16-4.09 (m, 2H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.51-3.49 (m, IH), 3.26-3.20 (m, IH), 2.89-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.52-2.47 (m, IH), 2.29-2.03 (m, IH), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 170.4, 168.5, 164.5, 147.9, 145.6, 143.0, 141.8, 141.5, 141.0, 140.8, 134.8, 131.6, 129.7, 129.0, 128.8, 127.9, 121.0, 120.5, 120.1, 118.7, 115.2, 112.7, 101.8, 81.6, 61.7, 60.2, 57.7, 57.6, 56.0, 54.9, 52.7, 42.0, 41.3, 32.5, 23.7, 20.5, 16.3, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C^JiuNsCMoS: 743.2. Found (M-H2O+H*): 726.3.

OH
Compound 4i: ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 7.83 (s, IH), 7.65-7.51 (m, 4H), 6.65 (s, IH), 6.29 (d, IH), 6.03 (dd, 2H), 5.81 (d, IH), 5.71 (s, IH), 5.18 (d, IH), 4.79 (s, IH), 4.71-4.67 (m, IH), 4.49-4.47 (m, 2H), 4.16-4.09 (m, 2H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.51-3.49 (m, IH), 3.23-3.20 (m, IH), 2.88-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.33 (m, IH), 2.30-2.02 (m, IH), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for
C4oH4oN3F3Oi0S: 811.2. Found (M-HzO+H4): 794.2.

Compound 4k: !H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 8.32 (bp, IH), 6.56 (s, IH), 6.54 (s, IH), 6.01 (dd, 2H), 5.48 (bd, IH), 5.14 (d, IH), 4.75 (s, IH), 4.68-4.63 (m, IH), 4.55-4.45 (m, 3H), 4.33 (dd, IH), 4.22 (bp, IH), 4.05 (dd, IH), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.53-3.45 (m, IH), 3.22-3.13 (m, IH), 3.10-3.02 (m, IH), 2.94-2.84 (m, 3H), 2.66 (d, IH), 2.34-1.91 (m, 4H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.10 (bs, 3H), 2.01 (bs, 3H), 1.75-1.22 (m, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 171.0, 170.4, 163.7, 148.9, 145.5, 142.7, 141.1, 140.5,
131.8, 128.8, 122.2, 120.3, 112.6, 101.7, 82.0, 62.1, 60.1, 59.7, 57.2, 56.4, 55.7, 55.3, 51.2, 41.9, 41.2, 41.1, 34.3, 32.9, 27.8, 27.5, 24.8, 23.9, 20.7, 16.2, 9.6; ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for GwHUsNsOnSj: 840.0. Found (M-H2O*): 822.3.


Compound 41: !H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.58 (s, IH), 6.02 (dd, 2H), 5.82-5.72 (bm, 2H), 5.15 (d, IH), 4.79 (bs, IH), 4.57-4.45 (m, 3H), 4.22-4.15 (bp, IH), 4.11 (dd, IH), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.59-3.49 (bp, IH), 3.30-3.23 (bp, IH), 2.91-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.45 (m, 4H), 2.35-2.02 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for Cs^gNaOuS: 713.2. Found (M-H2O+H+): 696.2.

Compound 4q: *H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.55 (s, IH), 6.07 (d, IH), 6.02 (d, 2H), 5.75 (s, IH), 5.64 (d, IH), 5.15 (d, IH), 4.78 (s, IH), 4.67-4.62 (m, IH), 4.50-4.45 (m, 2H), 4.14-4.09 (m, 3H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.51-3.47 (m, IH), 3.25-3.20 (m, IH), 2.85-2.82 (m, 2H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.29-1.98 (m, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 3H), 0.97 (d, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for 754.3. Found (M-H2O+lT): 737.3.

Compound 4s ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. Found (M+): 766.3.

: 783.3.

(Figure Remove)
Compound 4y: !H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): S 7.77-7.67 (m, 4H), 7.42-7.28 (m, 4H), 6.55 (s, IH), 6.18-6.06 (bp, IH), 6.02 (dd, 2H), 6.03-5.86 (m, IH), 5.70 (bs, IH), 5.58 (bd, IH), 5.35-5.20 (m, 2H), 5.15 (d, IH), 4.79 (s, IH), 4.60-4.55 (m, 3H), 4.46 (d, IH), 4.20-4.11 (m, 4H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.49-3.47 (m, IH), 3.21-3.15 (m, 2H), 3.06-2.70 (m, 6H), 2.38-2.11 (m, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 169.8, 168.9, 147.8, 145.8, 145.7, 143.0, 141.0, 140.8, 132.5, 131.4, 127.5, 127.1, 127.0, 125.0, 125.0, 120.6, 119.8, 117.9, 115.1, 101.8, 81.4, 65.8, 61.6, 60.3, 57.8, 55.9, 55.0, 54.4, 52.4, 47.0, 42.1, 41.3, 37.2, 36.5, 33.3, 23.6, 20.4, 16.1, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C5iH54N4OnS2: 978.3. Found (M-H2OH*): 961.3.

Compound 19: *H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.58 (s, 1H), 6.01 (dd, 2H), 5.71 (s, 1H), 5.16 (d, 1H), 4.76 (s, 1H), 4.47-4.43 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.11 (m, 1H), 4.08 (dd, 1H), 4.01-3.96 (m, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.49-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.21-3.17 (m, 1H), 2.88-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.02 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C3oH34N20,0S: 614.2. Found (M-H2O+H+): 597.1.
Example 10
Method J: To a solution of 1 equiv. of 3a, 3n-p, 3r, 3t, 17a, 17cc, 17e-f, 17h, 1711 or 18a* in THF/H2O 4:1 (0.03M) were added 5 equiv. of CuBr. After 24 h the reaction was diluted with CH2C12, washed with saturated solutions of NaHCO3 and brine, and the organic layer dried with Na2SO4. Chromatography gives pure compounds 4a, 4n-p, 4r, 4t, 21a, 21c, 21e-f, 21h, 2111 or 22a*.

Compound 4a: tR= 24.6 min [HPLC, Symmetry 300 CIS, Sum, 250x4.6 mm, X= 285 nm, flow= 1.2 ml/min, temp= 40°C, grad.: CH3CNaq.-NH4OAc (lOmM), 1% DEA, pH= 3.0,10%-60% (90')]; 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.57 (s, 1H), 6.02 (dd, 2H), 5.79 (bs, 1H), 5.60 (bd, 1H), 5.15 (d, 1H), 4.77 (s, 1H), 4.56 (ddd, 1H), 4.46-4.43 (m, 2H), 4.15 (dd, 1H), 4.09 (dd, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.49-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.23-3.20 (m, 1H), 2.91-2.76 (m, 2H), 2.31-2.11 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.89 (s, 3H); I3C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 170.4, 168.8, 168.5, 148.0, 145.6, 143.0, 141.0, 140.7, 131.5, 128.8, 120.9, 120.6, 118.9, 115.2, 112.7, 101.8, 81.5, 61.6, 60.2, 57.7, 57.4, 55.9, 55.0, 52.1, 52.0, 41.3, 32.4, 23.6, 22.9, 20.5, 16.1, 9.5. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C32H37N3O10S: 655.2. Found (M-H2O+H+): 638.1.

Compound 4n: 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 7.29-7.21 (m,
5H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 5.99 (dd, 2H), 5.66 (s, 1H), 5.16 (d, 1H), 4.74 (s, 1H), 4.52 (d, 1H), 4.44 (bp, 1H), 4.12 (d, 1H), 4.03 (dd, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.64 (dd, 2H), 3.48-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.21-3.17 (m, 2H), 2.95 (d, 1H), 2.84-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.35-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.07-2.01 (m, 1H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.93 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 172.6, 168.6, 147.6, 145.4, 142.8, 140.9, 140.8, 140.2, 131.3, 130.8, 129.1, 128.8, 128.2, 126.8, 121.4, 120.9, 117.9, 115.6, 112.4, 101.7, 81.8, 60.9,60.1, 59.5, 57.8, 57.6, 56.1, 54.9, 51.4,41.8,41.3, 33.3,23.6,20.6, 15.2, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C37H4iN3O9S: 703.3. Found (M-HjO+H*): 686.7.
Compound 4o: 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.00 (dd, 2H), 5.69 (bp, 1H), 5.14 (d, 1H), 4.74 (s, 1H), 4.44-4.49 (m, 2H), 4.13 (bd, 1H), 4.04 (dd, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.49-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.22-3.16 (m, 2H), 2.96-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.51-2.02 (m, 4H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s,

3H), 1.42-1.25 (m, 2H), 0.86 (t, 3H); Found (M-H2O+H+): 638.3.

ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C33H4,N3O9S: 655.3.

Compound 4p: 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.67 (bp. 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.02 (dd, 2H), 5.67 (bp, 1H), 5.16 (d, 1H), 4.80 (s, 1H), 4.63-4.60 (m, 1H), 4.49 (d, 1H), 4.45 (bp, 1H), 4.16 (d, 1H), 4.08 (dd, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.52-3.9 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.00 (d, 1H), 2.85-2.82 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.02 (m, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 0.99 (d, 3H), 0.81 (d, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for 712.3. Found (M-HzO+H*): 695.2

Compound 4r: ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 5 7.59 (d, 1H), 7.49-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.34 (m, 3H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 6.42 (d, 1H), 6.34 (d, 1H), 6.01 (dd, 2H), 5.79 (s, 1H), 5.69 (d, 1H), 5.15 (d, 1H), 4.78 (s, 1H), 4.70-4.65 (m, 1H), 4.50-4.47 (m, 2H), 4.28 (dd, 1H), 4.15 (d, 1H), 4.10 (dd, 1H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.49 (d, 1H), 3.25-3.22 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.57 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.14 (m, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.10 (d, 3H), 1.01 (d, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 170.1, 170.0, 168.6, 165.2, 148.0, 145.7, 143.2, 141.12, 140.84, 134.8, 131.2, 129.9, 129.6, 128.8, 127.8, 120.8, 120.7, 120.6, 118.4, 115.3, 112.7, 101.8, 81.5, 61.7, 60.4, 57.8, 57.7, 57.5, 56.0, 55.0, 52.0, 42.2, 41.3, 32.7, 32.6, 23.7, 20.5, 19.2, 18.0, 16.4, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C-wHsoNAOnS: 842.9. Found (M-^O+H*): 825.3.

Compound 4t: ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.54 (s, 1H), 6.49 (d, 1H), 6.21-6.16 (m, 1H), 6.07-5.96 (m, 2H), 5.78 (s, 1H), 5.63 (bd, 1H), 5.14 (d, 1H), 4.81, 4.78 (2s, 1H), 4.64-4.60 (m, 1H), 4.53-4.08 (m, 6H), 3.78, 3.7s (2s, 3H), 3.65-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.33-3.22 (m, 1H), 2.90-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.28-1.99 (m, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.16, 2.13 (2s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.37, 1.34 (2d, 3H), 1.08-1.03 (m, 3H), 0.96-0.93 (m, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 171.8, 170.1, 169.6, 169.5, 169.5, 168.7, 147.9, 145.7, 143.1, 141.0, 140.8, 131.3, 129.6, 120.7, 120.4,
118.5, 115.2, 112.6, 101.8, 81.4, 61.6, 60.4, 60.3, 57.7, 57.6, 57.5, 55.9, 54.9, 51.9, 48.9, 48.9, 42.2, 41.3, 32.5, 32.3, 23.6, 23.2, 20.5, 19.2, 19.1, 18.6, 17.7, 17.6, 16.3, 9.6ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C4oH5iN50,2S: 825.3. Found (M-H2O+H+): 808.3.

Compound 21 a: 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.01 (dd, 2H), 5.64 (s, 1H), 5.13 (d, 1H), 5.00 (t, 1H), 4.76 (s, 1H), 4.48-4.45 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.12 (m, 1H), 4.02 (dd, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.50-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.22-3.17 (m, 1H), 2.82-2.79 (m, 2H), 2.30-1.98 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s,

3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.98 (s, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C32H36N2O,iS: 656.2. Found (M-H2O+H*): 639.2.

Compound 21 c: ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.01 (dd, 2H), 5.63 (s, 1H), 5.13 (d, 1H), 5.03 (t, 1H), 4.77 (s, 1H), 4.50-4.48 (m, 2H), 4.14 (bd, 1H), 4.02 (dd, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.51-3.49 (bd, 1H), 3.21-3.12 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.31-2.02 (m, 4H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.66-1.56 (m, 2H), 0.97 (t, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 5 172.4,168.6, 166.9, 147.1, 145.6, 142.8, 141.1, 131.8, 128.6, 125.1, 121.4, 115.4, 101.8, 81.5, 71.6,
61.2, 60.2, 58.2, 57.9, 56.1, 55.0,41.8,41.4, 36.0, 31.6,23.9, 20.4, 18.3, 15.8,13.7, 9.6.
ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C34H40N2OnS: 684.2. Found (M-H2O+lT): 667.2.

Compound 21 e: ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 5 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.01 (dd, 2H), 5.63 (s, 1H), 5.13 (d, 1H), 5.02 (t, 1H), 4.76 (s, 1H), 4.47-4.46 (m, 2H), 4.13 (dd, 1H), 4.02 (dd, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.50-3.49 (m, 1H), 3.21-3.19 (m, 1H), 2.81-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.02 (m, 4H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.62-1.54 (m, 2H), 1.32-1.25 (m, 8H), 0.90 (t, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 6 172.6, 168.6, 166.9, 147.1, 145.5, 142.8, 141.1, 141.0, 131.7, 128.6, 121.4, 117.9, 115.4, 112.3, 101.8, 81.5, 71.5, 61.2, 60.2, 58.1, 57.9, 56.1, 55.0, 41.8, 41.4, 33.9, 31.7, 31.6, 29.1, 28.9, 24.7, 23.9, 22.6, 20.4, 15.8, 14.1, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C38H4gN2O,iS: 740.3. Found (M-H2O+H*): 723.2.

Compound 21f: 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.01 (dd, 2H), 5.63 (s, IK), 5.13 (d, 1H), 5.02 (t, 1H), 4.77 (bs, 1H), 4.50-4.48 (m, 2H), 4.16-4.12 (m, 1H), 4.02 (dd, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.51-3.49 (m, 1H), 3.22-3.19 (m, 1H), 2.82-2.77 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.02 (m, 7H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.65-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.16 (m, 24H), 0.88 (t, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C^M^OioS: 852.4. Found (M-H2O+H*): 835.4.
Compound 21h: 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 5 7.64 (d, 1H), 7.55-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.40 (m, 3H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 6.30 (d, 1H), 6.02 (dd, 2H), 5.65 (s, 1H), 5.19-5.16 (m, 2H), 4.79 (s, 1H), 4.50-4.49 (m, 2H), 4.15 (d, 1H), 4.05 (dd, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.51 (d, 1H), 3.22-3.19 (m, 1H), 2.89-2.76 (m. 2H), 2.45-2.41 (m, 1H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 2H), 2.13 (s, 317,, 2.13-2.03 (m, 1H), 2.03 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 5 168.6, 166.9, 165.7, 147.1, 145.5, 145.4, 142.8, 141.1,

141.0, 134.6, 131.9, 130.3, 128.9, 128.1, 121.3, 117.6, 115.4, 112.3, 101.8, 81.5, 72.0, 61.2, 60.3, 58.2, 57.9, 56.1, 55.0, 41.9, 41.4, 31.8, 23.9, 20.4, 15.9, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C39H4oN2OnS: 744.2. Found (M-H2O+H+): 727.2.

Compound 2111: ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.01 (dd, 2H), 5.68 (s, 1H), 5.12 (d, 1H), 4.92 (t, 1H), 4.78 (s, 1H), 4.53-4.42 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.03 (m, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.51-3.48 (m, 1H), 3.24-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.83-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.08-2.03 (m, 1H), 2.03 (s, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C3iH36N2O,2S2: 692.2. Found (M-H^GH-lT): 675.2.

Compound 22a*: ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 5 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.02 (dd, 2H), 5.67 (s, 1H), 4.73 (bp, 1H), 4.71 (s, 1H), 4.48-4.38 (m, 4H), 4.12-4.10 (m, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.61-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.22-3.18 (m, 1H), 2.89-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.70 (d, 1H), 2.33-1.86 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.94 (s, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C32H36N2O,,S: 656.2. Found (M-H2O+H*): 639.2.
Example 11
Method K: A solution of 7 in CH2C12/H2O/TFA 2:1:4 (0.013M) was stirred for 15 min at RT. Then the reaction was diluted with CH2C12, neutralized with a saturated solution of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 and extracted with CH2C12. The organic layer was dried with Na2SO4. Flash chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH) gives pure 2p.
Compound 2p: !H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 6.93 (bp. 1H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 6.05 (dd, 2H), 5.15 (dd, 2H), 5.03 (d, 1H), 4.66-4.63 (m, 1H), 4.54 (bp, 1H), 4.35 (d, 1H), 4.32 (s, 1H), 4.23 (d, 1H), 4.17 (dd, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.49-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.04 (d, 1H), 2.93-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.28-2.03 (m, 3H), 2.28 (s, 6H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 0.97 (d, 3H), 0.77 (d, 3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C38H47N5OioS: 765.3. Found (M+H+): 766.3.

Example 12

Method L: To a solution of 10 in CH3CN (0.03M) were added 2 equiv. of NaCNBH3 and 4 equiv. of AcOH. After 4 h the reaction was diluted with CH2C12, neutraliced with a saturated solution of NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2C12. The organic layer was dried with Na2SO4. Flash chromatography (Hex/EtOAc 2:l)gives pure compounds.
CN
Compound 11: 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.77 (s, 1H), 6.03 (dd, 2H), 5.17 (dd, 2H), 5.04 (d, 1H), 4.53 (bp, 1H), 4.34 (d, 1H), 4.27 (s, 1H), 4.20 (d, 1H), 4.19 (dd, 1H), 4.01 (bdd, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.55-3.39 (m, 2H), 2.94-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.30-1.98 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 172.6, 168.6, 149.6, 148.3, 145.7, 141.0, 140.4, 131.6, 130.3, 124.8, 124.7, 120.5, 118.0, 113.3, 102.0, 99.1, 69.8, 61.4, 60.4, 59.6, 59.1, 59.0, 57.4, 54.9, 54.6, 41.4, 41.4, 35.0, 23.8, 20.3, 15.7, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C33H37N3Oi0S: 667.3. Found (M+H*): 668.2.
Compound 12*: :H NMR (300 MHz, 45°C, CDC13): 8 6.70 (s, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.17 (dd, 2H), 4.88 (bd, 1H), 4.49 (bs, 1H), 4.33 (bd, 1H), 4.27-4.24 (m, 1H), 4.24 (s, 1H), 4.08 (d, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.60-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.42-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.00-2.91 (m, 1H), 2.76 (d, 1H), 2.50-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.66 (dd, 1H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C33H37N3O,0S: 667.3. Found (M+H*): 668.2.
Example 13

Method M: To a solution of 1 equiv. of 11 for 13a-b or 12* for 14a* in CH2C12 (0.1M) under Argon were added 30 equiv of pyr. Then the reaction was cold to 0°C and 20 equiv. of the anhydride and 5 equiv. of DMAP were added. After 5 min the reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 24 h. After this time it was quenched with NaCl, extracted with CH2C12 and the organic layers dried with Na2SC"4. Flash chromatography gives pure compounds.
CN
Compound 13a (using Ac2O): 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.70 (s, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.17 (dd, 2H), 5.02-4.99 (m, 2H), 4.56 (bp, 1H), 4.34 (dd, 1H), 4.27 (s, 1H), 4.18 (d, 1H), 4.14 (dd, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.46-3.39 (m, 2H), 2.90-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.30-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8169.7, 167.1, 148.9, 148.2, 145.9, 141.2, 140.6, 130.7, 130.7, 125.3, 124.6, 120.8, 118.1, 113.5, 113.1, 102.0, 99.2, 71.6, 61.4, 60.0, 59.9, 59.2, 58.7, 57.4, 55.0, 54.6, 41.5, 31.6, 23.9, 20.3, 20.2, 15.8, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C35H39N3OiiS: 709.6. Found (M+H*): 710.2.

Compound 13b (using (F3CCO)2O): ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 5 6.67 (s, 1H), 6.04 (dd, 2H), 5.17 (dd, 2H), 5.10 (bt, 1H), 5.02 (d, 1H), 4.62 (bp, 1H), 4.34-4.32 (m, 2H), 4.19-4.15 (m, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.47 (d, 1H), 3.44-3.41 (m, 1H), 2.94-2.77 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.37 (m, 1H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.07-2.04 (m, 1H), 2.04 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 5 168.7, 164.9, 148.7, 148.2, 145.9, 141.2, 140.7, 131.6, 130.3, 125.7, 124.0, 120.6, 118.0, 113.3,
102.1, 99.2, 74.7, 61.4, 60.5, 60.0, 59.1, 59.2, 58.7, 57.4, 54.9, 54.6, 41.7, 41.5, 31.1, 23.9, 20.2, 15.5, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C35H36 F3N3OnS: 763.2. Found (M+H*): 764.2.
Compound 14a* (using Ac2O): ]H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13):
8 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.05 (dd, 2H), 5.16 (dd, 2H), 4.65-4.10 (m,
7H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.57-3.54 (m, 1H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.43-3.40
(m, 1H), 2.97-2.88 (m, 1H), 2.78 (d, 1H), 2.33-1.82 (m, 2H),
2.32 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.94 (s,
3H); ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C35H39N3O,,S: 709.6. Found
=N (M+H+): 710.7.
COMPOUNDS 23 AND 24:

Compound 23: !H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 5 6.52 (s, 1H), 5.95 (dd, 2H), 4.97 (d, 1H), 4.42 (d, 1H), 4.28 (bs, 2H), 4.15 (d, 1H), 4.05 (dd, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.51-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.27 (t, 1H), 2.91-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.36 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 6 173.9, 148.1, 146.2, 146.1, 142.8, 136.2, 130.4, 129.5, 120.8, 118.2, 112.7, 112.7, 107.7, 101.3, 61.1,
60.9, 60.4, 59.4, 58.8, 54.6, 54.6, 53.5, 43.3, 41.4, 33.0, 23.9, 15.7, 8.7; ESI-MS m/z:
Calcd. for C29H32N4O7S: 580.2. Found (M+H+): 581.3.

Compound 24: 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 6.40 (s, 1H), 6.02 (d, 2H), 5.00 (d, 1H), 4.46 (bp, 1H), 4.24 (s, 1H), 4.21-4.14 (m, 3H), 3.39-3.37 (m, 2H), 3.29 (t, 1H), 2.93-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.31-2.03 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H)i 2.25 (bs, 3H), 2.14 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 6 173.6, 168.9, 145.6, 145.3, 140.9, 140.2, 139.3, 126.1, 123.9, 120.2, 119.7, 118.1, 117.7, 113.6, 113.3, 101.9, 61.3, 60.3, 59.1, 59.1, 54.7, 54.6, 53.3, 41.9, 41.4, 33.0, 23.5, 20.5, 16.8, 9.6; ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C3oH32N4O8S: 608.2. Found (M+H*): 609.3.

(Figure Remove)

To a solution of Int-2 (21.53 g, 39.17 ml) in ethanol (200 ml), /err-butoxycarbonyl anhydride (7.7 g, 35.25 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred for 7 h at 23 °C. Then, the reaction was concentrated in vacua and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography (SiOa, hexanerethyl acetate 6:4) to give Int-14 (20.6 g, 81 %) as a yellow solid.
Rf: 0.52 (ethyl acetate:CHC!3 5:2).
'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 5 6.49 (s, IH), 6. 32 (bs, IH), 5.26 (bs, IH), 4.60 (bs, IH),
4.14 (d, J= 2.4 Hz, IH), 4.05 (d,7= 2.4 Hz, IH), 3.94 (sr 3H), 3.81 (d, .7= 4 8 Hz, IH),
3.7 (s, 3H), 3.34 (br d, J= 1.2 Hz, IH), 3.18-3.00 (m, 5H), 2.44 (d, J= 18.3 Hz, IH), 2.29
(s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.82 (s, 3H), 1.80-1.65 (m, IH), 1.48 (s, 9H), 0.86 (d,7= 5.7 Hz,
3H)
13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 5 185.5, 180.8,172.7,155.9,154.5,147.3,143.3,141.5,
135.3,130.4, 129.2,127.5,120.2,117.4,116.9, 80.2, 60.7, 60.3, 58.5, 55.9, 55.8, 54.9,
54.4, 50.0, 41.6, 40.3,28.0,25.3,24.0, 18.1,15.6, 8.5.
ESI-MS ra/z: Calcd. for CaJ^NsOs: 649.7. Found (M+H)+: 650.3.
Example 15
(Figure Remove)









To a flask containing Int-15 (8 g, 1.5 ml) in methanol (1.61) an aqueous solution of 1M sodium hydroxide (3.2 1) was added at 0 °C. The reaction was stirred for 2h at this temperature and then, quenched with 6M HC1 to pH = 5. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x11) and the combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in vacua. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO2, gradient CHC13 to CHCl3:ethyl acetate 2:1) to afford Int-16 (5.3 mg, 68 %).
Rf: 0.48(CH3CN:H2O7:3,RP-C18)
'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.73 (s, 1H), 5.43 (bs, 1H), 5.16 (s, 2H), 4.54 (bs, 1H),
4.26 (d,./= 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (d,J= 2.7 Hz 1H), 3.84 (bs, 1H), 3.80-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.58
(s, 3H), 3.41-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.22-3.06 (m, 5H), 2.49 (d, J= 18.6 Hz 1H), 2.35 (s, 3H),
2.30-2.25 (m, 1H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.87 (s, 3H), 1.45-1.33 (m, 1H), 1.19 (s, 9H), 1.00 (br d,
J= 6.6 Hz 3H)
13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 184.9,180.9,172.6,154.7,151.3, 149.1,148.6,144.7,
132.9,131.3, 129.8,124.5,123.7,117.3,116.8,99.1, 79.4,59.8, 58.6, 57.7, 56.2, 55.6,
54.9, 54.5, 50.1,41.6,40.1, 28.0, 25.3, 24.4, 18.1, 15.7, 8.0.
ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C35H45N509: 679.7. Found (M+H)+: 680.3.
Example 17 Compound Int-17
(Figure Remove)







To a degassed solution of compound Int-16 (1.8 g, 2.64 ml) in DMF (221 ml) 10 % Pd/C (360 mg) was added and stirred under HZ (atmospheric pressure) for 45 min. The reaction was filtered through celite under argon, to a flask containing anhydrous CsjCOs (2.58 g, 7.92 ml). Then, bromochloromethane (3.40 ml 52.8 ml), was added and the tube was sealed and stirred at 100 °C for 2h. The reaction was cooled, filtered through a pad of celite and washed with QfcCk. The organic layer was concentrated and dried (sodium sulphate) to afford Int-17 as a brown oil that was used in the next step with no further purification.
Rf: 0.36 (hexane:ethyl acetate 1:5, SiO2).
'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.05 (bs, 1H), 5.90 (s, 1H), 5.79 (s, 1H),
5.40 (bs, 1H), 5.31-5.24 (m, 2H), 4.67 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (d,J= 2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.07
(bs, 1H), 4.01 (bs, 1H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 3.64-2.96 (m, 5H), 2.65 (d,.7=18.3 Hz,
1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 2.01-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.28 (s, 9H), 0.87 (d,7=
6.3 Hz, 3H)
13CNMR(75 MHz, CDC13): 6 172.1,162.6,154.9,149.1,145.7,135.9,130.8,130.7,
125.1,123.1,117.8, 100.8,99.8, 76.6, 59.8, 59.2, 57.7, 57.0, 56.7, 55.8, 55.2,49.5,41.6,
40.1, 36.5, 31.9,31.6,29.7,28.2, 26.3,25.0, 22.6,18.2, 15.8, 14.1, 8.8.
ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C36H47N509: 693.34. Found (M+H)+: 694.3.
Example 18 Compound Int-18
(Figure Remove)

To a flask containing a solution of Int-17 (1.83 g, 2.65 ml) in DMF (13 ml), Cs2CO3 (2.6 g, 7.97 ml), and allyl bromide (1.15 ml, 13.28 ml) were added at 0° C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 23 °C for Ih. The reaction was filtered through a pad of celite and washed with CH2Cl2- The organic layer was dried and concentrated (sodium sulphate). The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (SiOa, CHCl3:ethyl acetate 1 :4) to afford Int-18 (1.08 mg, 56 %) as a white solid.
Rf: 0.36 (CHCl3:ethyl acetate 1:3).
'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.70 (s, IH), 6.27-6.02 (m, IH), 5.94 (s, IH), 5.83 (s,
IH), 5.37 (dd, Jy= 1.01 Hz, J2= 16.8 Hz, IH), 5.40 (bs, IH), 5.25 (dd, J,= 1.0 Hz, J2-
10.5 Hz, IH), 5.10 (s, 2H), 4.91 (bs, IH), 4.25-4.22 (m, IH), 4.21 (d, 7= 2.4 Hz, IH),
4.14-4.10 (m, IH), 4.08 (d, J=2A Hz, IH), 4.00 (bs, IH), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.56-
3.35 (m, 2H), 3.26-3.20 (m, 2H), 3.05-2.96 (dd, J,= 8.1 Hz, J2=18 Hz, IH), 2.63 (d,
J-18 Hz, IH), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.09 (s, 3H), 1.91-1.80 (m, IH), 1.24 (s, 9H),
0.94 (d, .7= 6.6 Hz, 3H)
I3CNMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 172.0,154.8,148.8,148.6,148.4,144.4,138.8,133.7,
130.9, 130.3, 125.1, 124.0,120.9,117.8,117.4,112.8,112.6,101.1,99.2,73.9,59.7,
59.3, 57.7, 56.9, 56.8, 56.2,55.2,40.1, 34.6,31.5, 28.1,26.4,25.1,22.6,18.5,15.7,14.0,
9.2.
ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C^HsiNsC^: 733.4. Found (M+H)+: 734.4.
Example 19
Compound Int-19
(Figure Remove)
To a solution of Int-18 (0.1 g, 0.137 ml) in dioxane (2 ml), 4.2M HCI/dioxane (1.46 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred for 1.2h at 23 °C. The reaction was quenched at 0 °C with sat. Aqueous sodium bicarbonate (60 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x70 ml). The organic layers were dried (sodium sulphate) and concentrated in vacua to afford Int-19 (267 mg, 95 %) as a white solid that was used in subsequent reactions with no further purification.
Rf: 0.17 (ethyl acetate:methanol 10:1. SiO2)
'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 6.49 (s, IH), 6.12-6.00 (m, IH), 5.94 (s, IH), 5.86 (s,
IH), 5.34 (dd,J= 1.0 Hz, J= 17.4 Hz, IH), 5.25 (dd,J= 1.0 Hz, J= 10.2 Hz, IH), 4.18-
3.76 (m, 5H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.71-3.59 (m, IH), 3.36-3.20 (m, 4H), 3.01-2.90 (m, IH), 2.60
(d,7= 18.0 Hz, IH), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 1.97-1.86 (m, IH), 0.93 (d,
J= 8.7 Hz, 3H)
13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 175.5,148.4,146.7,144.4,142.4,138.9,133.7,131.3,
128.3,120.8,117.9,117.4,113.8,112.4,101.1, 74.2, 60.5, 59.1, 56.5, 56.1, 56.3, 56.0,
55.0, 50.5, 41.6, 39.5,29.5,26.4,24.9, 21.1,15.5, 9.33.
ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for Caa^NjCv 589. Found (M+H)+: 590.

(Figure Remove)
To a solution of Int-19 (250 mg, 0.42 ml) in CH2C12 (1.5 ml), phenyl isothiocyanate (0.3 ml, 2.51 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at 23° C for Ih. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO2, gradient Hexane to 5:1 hexane:ethyl acetate) to afford Int-20 (270 mg, 87 %) as a white solid.
Rf: 0.56 (CHCl3:ethyl acetate 1:4).
'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 8.00 (bs, IH), 7.45-6.97 (m, 4H), 6.10 (s, IH), 6.08-6.00
(m, IH), 5.92 (s, IH), 5.89 (s, IH), 5.82 (s, IH), 5.40 (dd,./- 1.5 Hz, J= 17.1 Hz, iH),
3.38 (bs, IH), 5.23 (dd,.7= 1.5 Hz, .7= 10.5 Hz, IH), 4.42-4.36 (m, IH), 4.19-4.03 (m,
5H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.68-3.17 (m, 4H), 2.90 (dd,.7=7.8 Hz, 7= 18.3 Hz, IH), 2.57 (d, J=
18.3 Hz, IH), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 1.90 (dd,.7= 12.3 Hz, J= 16.5 Hz,
IH), 0.81 (d, .7=6.9 Hz, 3H).
13CNMR(75 MHz, CDC13): 6 178.4,171.6,148.6,146.8,144.3, 142.7,138.7, 136.2,
133.6,130.7, 129.8,126.6, 124.2,124.1,120.9,120.5, 117.7, 117.4,116.7, 112.6, 112.5,
101.0, 74.0,60.6,59.0, 57.0, 56.2, 56.1, 55.0, 53.3,41.4, 39.7, 26.3,24.8,18.3,15.5,9.2.
ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C39H44N6O6S: 724.8 Found (M+H)+: 725.3.
(Figure Remove)

To a solution of Int-20 (270 mg, 0.37 ml) in dioxane (1 ml), 4.2N HCl/dioxane (3.5 ml) was added and the reaction was stirred at 23 °C for 30 min. Then, ethyl acetate (20 ml) and H:O (20 ml) were added and the organic layer was decanted. The aqueous phase was basified with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (60 ml) (pH = 8) at 0 °C and then, extracted with CHaCU (2 x 50 ml). The combined organic extracts were dried (sodium sulphate), and concentrated in vacua. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (SiOa, ethyl acetate :methanol 5:1) to afford compound Int-21 (158 mg, 82%) as a white solid.
Rf: 0.3 (ethyl acetate:methanol 1:1).
'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.12-6.03 (m, 1H), 5.91 (s, 1H), 5.85 (s,
1H), 5.38 (dd, Jj= 1.2 Hz,J2= 17.1 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (dd, J,= 1.2 Uz,J2= 10.5 Hz, 1H),
4.23-4.09 (m, 4H), 3.98 (d, J= 2.1 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (bs, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.36-3.02 (m,
5H), 2.72-2.71 (m, 2H), 2.48 (d, J= 18.0 Hz, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.11 (s, 3H),
1.85 (dd,yy= 11.7 Hz, J2= 15.6 Hz, 1H)).
13CNMR(75 MHz,CDCl3): 5 148.4,146.7,144.4,142.8,138.8,133.8,130.5,128.8,
121.5,120.8,118.0,117.5,116.9,113.6,112.2,101.1, 74.3, 60.7, 59.9, 58.8, 56.6, 56.5,
55.3,44.2,41.8,29.7, 26.5,25.7,15.7,9.4.
ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for €29^4^0)5: 518.3. Found (M+H)+: 519.2.

(Figure Remove)
To a solution of Int-21 (0.64 g, 1.22 ml) in CH2C12 (6.13 ml), pyridine (0.104 ml, 1.28 ml) and 2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate (0.177 ml, 1.28 ml) were added at -10 °C. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for Ih and then, the reaction was quenched by addition of 0.1N HC1 (10 ml) and extracted with CH2C12 (2 x 10 ml). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (SiOj, (hexane:ethyl acetate 1:2) to afford Int-22 (0.84 g, 98%) as a white foam solid.
Rf: 0.57 (ethyl acetate:methanol 5:1).
'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 5 6.50 (s, IH), 6.10-6.00 (m, IH), 6.94 (d,/= 1.5 Hz, IH),
5.87 (d,/= 1.5 Hz, IH), 5.73 (bs, IH), 5.37 (dq,y/= 1.5 Hz,^= 17.1 Hz, IH), 5.26 (dq,
J,= 1.8 Hz, J2= 10.2 Hz, IH), 4.60 (d, /= 12 Hz, IH), 4.22-4.10 (m, 4H), 4.19 (d, J= 12
Hz, IH), 4.02 (m, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.37-3.18 (m, 5H), 3.04 (dd, //= 8.1 Hz, J2= 18 Hz,
IH), 2.63 (d,y= 18 Hz, IH), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 1.85 (dd,J;= 12.3
Hz,J2=15.9Hz, IH).
13CNMR(75 MHz,CDCl3)6 154.3,148.5,146.7,144.5,142.8, 139.0,133.8,130.7,
128.7,121.3,120.8,117.8,117.7,116.8,112.7,101.2, 77.2, 74.3,60.7, 59.9, 57.0, 56.4,
55.3,43.3, 41.7,31.6, 26.4,25.3, 22.6, 15.9,14.1, 9.4.
ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for Ca^uChN^: 694.17. Found (M+H)*: 695.2.
(Figure Remove)
To a solution of Int-22 (0.32 g, 0.46 ml) in CH3CN (2.33 ml), diisopropylethylamine (1.62 ml, 9.34 ml), bromomethyl methyl ether (0.57 ml, 7.0 ml) and dimethylaminopyridine (6 mg, 0.046 ml) were added at 0 °C. The mixture was heated at 30 °C for lOh. Then, the reaction was diluted with dichloromethane (30 ml) and poured in an aqueous solution of HC1 at pH = 5 (10 ml). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulphate and the solvent was eliminated under reduced pressure to give a residue which was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO2, hexane:ethyl acetate 2:1) to afford Int-23 (0.304 g, 88%) as a white foam solid.
Rf: 0.62 (hexane:ethyl acetate 1:3).
'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 6.73 (s, IH), 6.10 (m, IH), 5.94 (d, /- 1.5 Hz, IH), 5.88
(d,y= 1.5 Hz, IH), 5.39 (dq, Jy= 1.5 Hz,^= 17.1 Hz, IH), 5.26 (dq,y/= 1.8 Hz, J2=
10.2 Hz, IH), 5.12 (s, 2H), 4.61 (d, J= 12 Hz, IH), 4.55 (t, /= 6.6 Hz, IH), 4.25 (d, 7=
12 Hz, IH), 4.22-4.11 (m, 4H), 4.03 (m, 2H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.38-3.21 (m,
5H), 3.05 (dd, J/= 8.1 Hz, J2= 18 Hz, IH), 2.65 (d, J= 18 Hz, IH), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s,
3H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 1.79 (dd,J,= 12.3 Ez,J2= 15.9 Hz, IH);
I3CNMR(75 MHz, CDC13) 8 154.3,148.6,148.4,144.5,139.0, 133.6,130.6,130.1,
125.07, 124.7, 124.0,121.1, 117.7,112.6,101.2,99.2,77.2,74.4,74.1,59.8,59.8,57.7,
57.0, 56.8, 56.68, 55.3,43.2, 41.5, 26.4,25.2, 15.9,9.3.
ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for Cs^CbWg: 738.20. Found (M+Hf: 739.0.
(Figure Remove)
To a suspension of Int-23 (0.304 g, 0.41 ml) in 90% aqueous acetic acid (4 ml), powder zinc (0.2 g, 6.17 ml) was added and the reaction was stirred for 7 hour at 23 °C. The mixture was filtered through a pad of celite which was washed with C^Clj. The organic layer was washed with an aqueous sat. solution of sodium bicarbonate (pH = 9) (15 ml) and dried over sodium sulphate. The solvent was eliminated under reduced pressure to give Int-24 (0.191 g, 83%) as a white solid.
Rf: 0.3 (ethyl acetatermethanol 5:1).
'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 5 6.68 (s, IH), 6.09 (m, IH), 5.90 (d, J= 1.5 Hz, IH), 5.83
(d, J= 1.5 Hz, lH),5.39(dq,./,= 1.5 Hz,.£=17.1 Hz, 1H),5.25 (dq,Jy= 1.5Hz,/2=
10.2 Hz, IH), 5.10 (s, 2H), 4.22-4.09 (m, 3H), 3.98 (d, J- 2.4 Hz, IH), 3.89 (m, III),
3.69 (s, 3H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.37-3.17 (m, 3H), 3.07 (dd,Jy= 8.1 Hz, J2= 18 Hz, IH), 2.71
(m, 2H), 2.48 (d, J= 18 Hz, IH), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 1.80 (dd,J/=
12.2 Hz, ^=15.9 Hz, IH)
13CNMR(75 MHz,CDCl3): 8 148.5, 148.2,144.3, 138.7,133.7,130.7,129.9,125.0, 123.9, 121.3,117.9,117.5,113.6,112.0,101.0, 99.2, 74.0, 59.8, 59.7, 58.8, 57.6, 57.0, 56.2,55.2, 44.2,41.5, 31.5, 26.4, 25.6, 22.5,16.7, 14.0, 9.2. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for CsiHagN^: 562.66. Found (M+H)": 563.1.

(Figure Remove)
To a solution of Int-24 (20 mg, 0.035 ml), in H2O (0.7 ml) and THF (0.7 ml), NaNO2 (12 mg, 0.17 ml) and 90% aqueous AcOH (0.06 ml) were added at 0 °C and the mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 3h. After dilution with CH2C12 (5 ml), the organic layer was washed with water (1 ml), dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO2, hexane:ethyl acetate 2:1) to afford Int-25 (9.8 mg, 50%) as a white ifolid.
Rf: 0.34 (hexane:ethyl acetate 1:1).
'H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 5 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.11 (m, 1H), 5.92 (d, J= 1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.87
(d,J= 1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.42 (dq,y/= 1.5 Hz,J2= 17.1 Hz, 1H), 5.28 (dq,J/= 1.5 Hz, J2=
10.2 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 4.26-4.09 (m, 3H), 4.05 (d, /= 2.4 Hz, iK), 3.97 (t, J= 3.0
Hz, 1H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.67-3.32 (m, 4H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.24 (dd, ./,= 2.7 Hz, J2= 15.9 Hz,
1H), 3.12 (dd,J;= 8.1 Hz,J2= 18.0 Hz, 1H), 2.51 (d,J= 18 Hz, 1H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.21
(s, 3H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 1.83 (dd, J/= 12.3 Hz,J2= 15.9 Hz, 1H)
13CNMR(75 MHz, CDC13) 6 148.7,148.4,138.9,133.7, 131.1,129.4,125.1,123.9,
120.7,117.6,117.5,113.2,112.3,101.1,99.2, 74.0, 63.2, 59.8, 59.7, 57.9, 57.7, 57.0,
56.5, 55.2, 41.6, 29.6,26.1, 25.6,22.6,15.7, 9.2.
ESI-MS m/z: Calcd. for C3iH37N3O7: 563.64. Found (M+H)+: 564.1.
(Figure Remove)
The starting material (2.0 g, 5.90 ml) was added to a suspension of sodium hydride (354 mg, 8.86 ml) in THF (40 ml) at 23 °C, following the suspension was treated with allyl chloroformate (1.135 ml, 8.25 ml) at 23 °C and then refluxed for 3 hours. The suspension was cooled, filtered off, the solid washed with ethyl acetate (100 ml), and the filtrate was concentrated. The oil crude was ground with hexane (100 ml) and kept at 4°C overnight. After, the solvent was decanted and the light yellow slurry was treated with CH2C12 (20 ml), and precipitated with hexane (100 ml). After 10 minutes, the solvent was decanted again. The operation was repeated until appearing a white solid. The white solid was filtered off and dried to afford compound Int-29 (1.80 g, 65%) as a white solid.
'H-NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): & 7.74 (d, J= 7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (d, J= 6.9 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (t,
J= 7 5 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (t, /= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 5.71 (d, J= 7.8 Hz, IK), 4.73 (d, J= 7.8 Hz, 2H),
4.59 (m, 1H), 4.11 (t, J= 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.17 (dd, J= 6.0 Hz, J= 2.7 Hz, 2H), 3.20 (dd, J=
5.4 Hz, .7=2.1 Hz, 2H).
I3C-NMR(75 MHz, CDC13): 6 173.6,152.7,144.0, 139.7,137.8,126.0,125.6,123.4,
118.3, 73.4, 52.4,45.5, 35.8, 33.7.
ESI-MS m/z: Calcd.. for C2oHi8Cl3NO4S: 474.8. Found (M+Naf: 497.8
(Figure Remove)


A mixture of compound Int-25 (585 mg, 1.03 ml) and compound Int-29 (1.47 mg, 3.11 ml) were azeotroped with anhydrous toluene (3x10 ml). To a solution of Int-25 and Int-29 in anhydrous CH2C12 (40 ml) was added DMAP (633 mg, 5.18 ml) and EDC-HC1 (994 mg, 5.18 ml) at 23 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 23 °C for 3 hours. The mixture was partitioned with saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (50 ml) and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was washed with CH2Cl2 (50 ml). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash column chrornatography (ethyl acetate/hexane 1:3) to obtain Int-30 (1.00 g, 95%) as a pale cream yellow solid.
'H-NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 7.72 (m, 2H), 7.52 (m, 2H), 7.38 (m, 211), 7.28 (m, 211),
6.65 (s, 1H), 6.03 (m, 1H), 5.92 (d,J= 1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.79 (d,J= 1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.39 (m,
1H), 5.29 (dq, /= 10.3 Hz, J= 1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.10 (s, 2H), 4.73 (d, J- 11.9 Hz, 1H), 4.66
(d, J= 11.9 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (m, 1H), 4.36-3.96 (m, 9H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (s,
3H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.33 (m, 1H), 3.20 (m, 2H), 2.94 (m, 3H), 2.59 (m, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H),
2.23 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.83 (dd, J= 16.0 Hz, J= 11.9 Hz, 1H).
13C-NMR(75 MHz, CDC13): 8 169.7, 154.0, 148.8,148.4, 145.7, 144.5, 140.9, 139.0,
133.7,130.9,130.6,127.6,127.0,124.8,124.6,124.1,120.8,119.9,118.2,117.7,117.3,
112.7,112.1,101.3, 99.2, 74.7, 73.9, 64.4, 59.8, 57.7, 57.0, 56.8, 55.4, 53.3, 46.7,41.4,
36.5,34.7, 31.5, 26.4, 24.9,22.6,15.7, 14.0, 9.1.
ESI-MS m/z: Calcd.. for CsiHssChWioS: 1020.4. Found (M+H)+: 1021.2

(Figure Remove)
To a solution of Int-30 (845 mg, 0.82 ml), acetic acid (500 mg, 8.28 ml) and (PPh3)2PdCl2 (29 mg, 0.04 ml) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 20 ml at 23 °C was added, dropwise, BusSnH (650 mg, 2.23 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at this temperature for 15 min., bubbling was. The crude was quenched with water (50ml) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 x 50 ml). The organic layers were dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (ethyl acetate/hexane in gradient from 1:5 to 1:3) to obtain compound Int-31 (730 mg, 90%) as a pale cream yellow solid.
'H-NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6 7.72 (m, 2H), 7.56 (m, 2H), 7.37 (m, 2H), 7.30 (m, 2H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 5.89 (s, 1H), 5.77 (s, 1H), 5.74 (s, 1H), 5.36 (d, J= 5.9 Hz, 1H), 5.32 (d, J= 5.9 Hz, 1H), 5.20 (d, J= 9.0, 1H), 4.75 (d, J= 12.0 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (m, 1H), 4.48 (d, 7= 11.9 Hz, 1H), 4.08 (m, 4H), 3.89 (m, 1H), 3.86, (t, 7= 6.2 Hz, 1H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.38 (m, 1H), 3.25 (m, 1H), 3.02-2.89 (m, 4H), 2.67 (s, 1H), 2.61 (s, 1H ), 2.51 (dd, J= 14.3 Hz,y= 4.5 Hz, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.95 (s, 3H), 1.83 (m, 1H). 13C-NMR(75 MHz, CDC13): 5 168.2,152.5,148.1,146.2,144.4,144.3,143.3,139.6, 134.6,129.7,129.6,126.2,125.6,123.4,123.3,121.6,118.5,116.3,110.7,110.2,105.1, 99.4, 98.5, 75.2, 73.3, 61.7, 58.4, 57.9, 56.3, 56.1, 55.1,54.7, 53.9, 51.9,45.2, 40.1, 35.6, 33.3,24.8, 23.3., 14.5, 7.3. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd.. for C48H49Cl3N4OioS: 980.3. Found (M+H)+: 981.2
(Figure Remove)
To a solution of Int-31 (310 mg, 0.32 ml), in anhydrous CH2C12 (15 ml) at -10 °C was added a solution of benzeneseleninic anhydride 70 % (165 mg, 0.32 ml), in anhydrous CH2C12 (7 ml), via cannula, keeping the temperature at -10 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at -10 °C for 5 min. A saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (30 ml) was added at this temperature. The aqueous layer was washed with more CHjCh (40 ml). The organic layers were dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (ethyl acetate/hexane in gradient from 1:5 to 1:1) to obtain Int-32 (287 mg, 91%, HPLC: 91.3%) as a pale cream yellow solid and as a mixture of two isomers (65:35) which were used in the next step.
'H-NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 (Mixture of isomers) 7.76 (m, 4H), 7.65 (m, 4H), 7.39 (m, 4H), 7.29 (m, 4H), 6.62 (s, IH), 6.55 (s, IH), 5.79-5.63 (m, 6H), 5.09 (s, IH), 5.02 (d, J= 6.0 Hz, IH), 4.99 (d, J= 6.0 Hz, IH), 4.80-4.63 (m, 6H), 4.60 (m, IH), 4.50 (m, IH), 4.38 (d, J= 12.8 Hz, J= 7.5 Hz, IH), 4.27 (dd, J= 12.8 Hz, 7= 7.5 Hz, IH), 4.16-3.90 (m, 10H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.49 (s, 3H), 3.33-2.83 (m, 14H), 2.45-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.21 (s, 6H), 2.17 (s, 6H), 1.77 (s, 6H), 1.67 (m, 2H).

13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 (Mixture of isomers) 168.6,168.4, 158.6,154.8,152.8, 152.5,147.3,147.2,146.8,144.1,144.0,140.8,139.7, 137.1, 129.8,129.3, 128.4, 128.7, 126.5,125.5, 123.7,123.6,123.5,123.4,122.2,121.3, 118.3, 115.8,115.5, 110.2, 106.9, 103.5,103.2,100.1, 99.6, 97.9, 97.7, 93.8, 73.4,70.9, 69.2, 64.9, 62.5, 59.3, 58.9, 58.4, 56.7,56.3, 56.2, 55.4, 55.2, 55.1, 54.9, 54.7, 54.3, 54.1, 53.8, 52.8,45.5, 40.5,40.0, 39.8, 35.8, 35.5, 33.9, 33.7, 30.1, 28.8,24.2, 24.1,21.2,14.5,14.4, 12.7, 6.0, 5.7. ESI-MS ra/z: Calcd.. for C48H49Cl3N4OnS: 996.3. Found (M+H)*: 997.2
(Figure Remove)
The reaction flask was flamed twice, purged vacuum/Argon several times and kept under Argon atmosphere for the reaction. To a solution of DMSO (39.1 ml, 0.55 ml, 5 equivalents.) in anhydrous Cl^Ch (4.5 ml) was dropwise added triflic anhydride (37.3 ml, 0.22 ml. 2 equivalents.) at -78 °C . The reaction mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 20 minutes, then a solution of Int-32 (110 mg, 0.11 ml, HPLC: 91.3%) in anhydrous CH2C12 (1 ml, for the main addition and 0.5 ml for wash) at -78 °C was added, via cannula. During the addition the temperature was kept at -78 °C in both flasks and the colour changed from yellow to brown. The reaction mixture was stirred at -40 °C for 35 minutes. During this period of time the solution was turned from yellow to dark green. After this time, 'P^NEt (153 ml, 0.88 ml, 8 equivalents.) was dropwise added and the reaction mixture was kept at 0 °C for 45 minutes, the colour of the solution turned to brown during this time. Then t-butanol (41.6 ml, 0.44 ml, 4 equivalents.) and 2-lButyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (132.8 ml, 0.77 ml, 7 equivalents.) were dropwise added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 23 °C for 40 minutes. After this time, acetic anhydride (104.3 ml, 1.10 ml, 10 equivalents.) was dropwise added and the reaction mixture was kept at 23 °C for 1 hour more. Then the reaction mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (20ml) and washed with aqueous saturated solution of NHtCl (50ml), sodium

bicarbonate (50ml), and sodium chloride (50ml). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (eluent: ethyl acetate/hexane gradient from 1:3 to 1:2) to afford compound Int-33 (54 mg, 58%) as a pale yellow solid.
'H-NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.85 (s, 1H), 6.09 (s, 1H), 5.99 (s, 1H), 5.20 (d, J= 5.8 Hz, 1H), 5.14 (d, J= 5.3 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (m, 1H), 4.82 (d, J= 12.2, 1H), 4.63 (d,J= 12.0 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (m, 1H), 4.35-4.17 (m, 4H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 2.91 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.12 (m, 2H), 2.03 (s, 3H). 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 8 168.5,167.2,152.7,148.1,147.1,144.5, 139.6, 139.1, 130.5,129.0, 123.7,123.5,123.3,118.8,116.5,112.1, 100.6, 97.8, 73.3, 60.5, 59.4, 59.2, 58.3, 57.6, 57.4, 56.1, 53.3, 53.1, 40.6,40.0,31.0,22.2, 18.9, 14.4, 8.1. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd.. for Cj^ChWnS: 842.1. Found (M+Hf: 843.1
Example 34
(Figure Remove)





To a solution of Int-33 (12 mg, 0.014 ml)in dry dichloromethane (1.2 ml) and HPLC grade acetonitrile (1.2 ml) was added at 23 °C sodium iodide (21 mg, 0.14 ml) and freshly distilled (over calcium hydride at atmospheric pressure) trimethylsilyl chloride (15.4 mg, 0.14 ml). The reaction mixture turned to orange colour. After 15 min the solution was diluted with dichloromethane (10 ml) and was washed with a freshly aqueous saturated solution of Na2S2O4 (3x10 ml). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. It was obtained compound Int-34 (13 mg, quantitative) as pale yellow solid which was used without further purification.
'H-NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 6.85 (s, 1H), 6.09 (s, 1H), 5.99 (s, 1H), 5.27 (d, J= 5.8 Hz, 1H), 5.14 (d,/= 5.3 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (d, J= 11.9 Hz, 1H), 4.82 (d, 7= 12.2,1H), 4.63 (d, J= 13.0 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (m, 1H), 4.34 (m, 1H), 4.27 (bs, 1H), 4.18 (m, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.44 (m, 1H), 3.42 (m, 1H), 2.91 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H). ESI-MS m/z: Calcd.. for C34H35N4O,oS: 798.1. Found (M+H)+: 799.1

(Figure Remove)
To a solution of Int-34 (13 mg, 0.016 ml) in a mixture of acetic acid/HjO (90:10,1 ml) was added powder Zinc (5.3 mg, 0.081 ml) at 23 °C. The reaction mixture was heated at 70 °C for 6 h. After this time, was cooled to 23 °C, diluted with CH2C12 (20 ml) and washed with aqueous saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (15 ml) and aqueous solution of EtaN (15 ml). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography with Silica-NH: (eluent: ethyl acetate/hexane gradient from 0:100 to 50:50) to afford compound Int-35 (6.8 mg, 77% for two steps) as a pale yellow solid.
'H-NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 5 6.51 (s, IH), 6.03 (dd, J= 1.3 Hz, J= 26.5 Hz, 2H), 5.75 (bs, IH), 5.02 (d, /= 11.6 Hz, IH), 4.52 (m, IH), 4.25 (m, 2H), 4.18 (d, J= 2.5 Hz, IH), 4.12 (dd, J= 1.9 Hz, J= 11.5 Hz, IH), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.40 (m, 2H), 3.26 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, IH), 2. 88 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H). I3C-NMR(75 MHz, CDC13): 8 174.1, 168.4, 147.8,145.4,142.9,140.8,140.1,131.7, 130.2, 129.1, 128.3,120.4, 118.3,117.9,113.8,111.7,101.7,61.2, 59.8, 59.2, 58.9, 54.4, 53.8, 54.4,41.3,41.5, 34.1, 23.6,20.3,15.5,9.4. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd.. for CsjHaAWgS: 622.7. Found (M+H)+: 623.2.
Example 36
(Figure Remove)






A solution of N-methyl pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde iodide (378 mg, 1.5 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (5.8 mL) was treated with anhydrous toluene (2 x 10 mL) to eliminate the amount of water by azeotropic removal of the toluene. A solution of 35 (134 mg, 0.21 mmol), previously treated with anhydrous toluene (2 x 10 mL), in anhydrous CH2C12 (distilled over CaH2, 7.2 mL) was added, via cannula, at 23 oC to this orange solution. The reaction mixture was stirred at 23 °C for 4 hours. After this time DBU (32.2 L, 0.21 mmol) was dropwise added at 23 °C and it was stirred for 15 minutes at 23 °C. A freshly aqueous saturated solution of oxalic acid (5.8 mL) was added to the reaction mixture and was stirred for 30 minutes at 23 °C. Then the reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C and NaHCO3 was portionwise added followed by addittion of aqueous saturated solution of NaHCO3. The mixture was extracted with Et2O. K2CO3 was added to the aqueous layer and it was extrated with Et2O. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (AcOEt/hexane from 1/3 to 1/1) to afford compound 36 (77 mg, 57%) as pale yellow solid. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.11 (d, J= 1.3 Hz, 1H), 6.02 (d, J= 1.3 Hz, 1H), 5.70 (bs, 1H), 5.09 (d, J= 11.3 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (bs, 1H), 4.39 (m, 1H), 4.27 (d, J= 5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.21 (d, J= 10.5 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (d, J= 2.6 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.54 (d, J= 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.42 (d, J= 8.5 Hz, 1H), 2.88-2.54 (m, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H). 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): 186.7, 168.5, 160.5, 147.1, 146.4, 142.9, 141.6, 140.7, 130.4, 129.8,
121.7 (2C), 120.0, 117.8, 117.1, 113.5, 102.2, 61.7, 61.4, 60.3, 59.8, 58.9, 54.6, 41.6, 36.9, 29.7, 24.1, 20.3, 15.8, 14.1, 9.6. ESI-MS m/z: Calcd.. for C31H31N3O9S: 621.7. Found (M+H)+: 622.2.
MAIN REFERENCES
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Academic: New York, 1983, Vol 21; pp 56-110.
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39,1639-1650.
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CLAIMS

1. A compound having a fused ecteinascidin five ring system with a 1,4 bridge having the structure of formula (Via or VIb):
(Figure Remove)
and compounds in which the -NH2 or -OH of the 1,4 bridge is derivatised; with the exception of ecteinascidin 583 or 597, and with the exception of compounds 14, 15 or 47 of U.S. Patent No 5,721,362.
2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein the fused ecteinascidin five ring system is as in the ecteinascidins, the ring system being of the formula (XIV):
(Figure Remove)

Where the rings A and E are phenolic; the rings B and D are tetrahydro, and ring C is perhydro.

3. A compound according to claim 2, wherein substituents at positions 5, 6, 7, 8,
12, 16, 17, 18 and 21 are as in a known ecteinascidin.
4. A compound according to claim 3, wherein the substituents at positions 5, 6, 7,
8, 12, 16, 17 and 18 are as in a known ecteinascidin.
5. A compound according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the known ecteinascidin is
ecteinascidin 743.
6. A compound according to any preceding claim, wherein the -NH2 or -OH of the
1,4 bridge is derivatised.
7. A compound according to claim 6, in which the group -CHNH2- in the 1,4
bridge is replaced by a group -C(X2)2 -, where X: is OXi or N(Xi)2 wherein the
or each Xi is independently H, C(=O)R', substituted or unsubstituted Ci-Cig
alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-Ci8 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted
C2-Cig alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or two X| groups may together
form a cyclic substituent on the nitrogen atom.
8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound having a fused
ecteinascidin five ring system with a 1 ,4 bridge having the structure of formula
(VlaorVIb):
and compounds in which the -NH2 or -OH of the 1,4 bridge is derivatised; with the exception of ecteinascidin 583 or 597, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
9. The use of a compound having a fused ecteinascidin five ring system with a 1,4 bridge having the structure of formula (Via or VIb):

(Figure Remove)
and compounds in which the -NH2 or -OH of the 1,4 bridge is derivatised; with the exception of ecteinascidin 583 or 597, in the preparation of a medicament for use in the treatment of a tumour.
1 0. A method of treating a tumour which comprises administration of an effective amount of a compound having a fused ecteinascidin five ring system with a 1,4 bridge having the structure of formula (Via or VIb):

(Figure Remove)
and compounds in which the -NH2 or -OH of the 1,4 bridge is derivatised; with the exception of ecteinascidin 583 or 597.

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Patent Number 215830
Indian Patent Application Number IN/PCT/2002/00962/DEL
PG Journal Number 12/2008
Publication Date 21-Mar-2008
Grant Date 04-Mar-2008
Date of Filing 30-Sep-2002
Name of Patentee PHARMA MAR, S.A.
Applicant Address CALLE DE LA CALERA, 3 POLIGONO INDUSTRIAL DE TRES CANTOS TRES CANTOS, MADRID, E-28760, SPAIN.
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 FLORES, MARIA CALLE DE LA CALERA, 3 POLIGONO INDUSTRIAL DE TRES CANTOS TRES CANTOS E-28760 MADRID (ES).
2 FRANCESCH, ANDRES CALLE DE LA CALERA, 3 POLIGONO INDUSTRIAL DE TRES CANTOS TRES CANTOS E-28760 MADRID (ES).
3 GALLEGO, PILAR CALLE DE LA CALERA, 3 POLIGONO INDUSTRIAL DE TRES CANTOS TRES CANTOS E-28760 MADRID (ES).
4 CHICHARRO, JOSE LUIS CALLE DE LA CALERA, 3 POLIGONO INDUSTRIAL DE TRES CANTOS TRES CANTOS E-28760 MADRID (ES).
5 ZARZUELO, MARIA CALLE DE LA CALERA, 3 POLIGONO INDUSTRIAL DE TRES CANTOS TRES CANTOS E-28760 MADRID (ES).
6 FERNANDEZ, CAROLINA CALLE DE LA CALERA, 3 POLIGONO INDUSTRIAL DE TRES CANTOS TRES CANTOS E-28760 MADRID (ES).
7 MANZANARES, IGNACIO CALLE DE LA CALERA, 3 POLIGONO INDUSTRIAL DE TRES CANTOS TRES CANTOS E-28760 MADRID (ES).
PCT International Classification Number C07D 515/22
PCT International Application Number PCT/GB01/01667
PCT International Filing date 2001-04-12
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 0009043.1 2000-04-12 U.K.