Title of Invention

PROTECTION CIRCUIT FOR A LOW POWER SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLY.

Abstract

TITLE: PROTECTION CIRCUIT FOR A LOW POWER SWITCHED MODE SUPPLY. THIS INVENTION RELATES TO A PROTECTION CIRCUIT FOR A SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLY COMPRISING A SWITCHING TRANSISTOR AND A TRANSFORMER WITH A PRIMARY WINDDING AND AN AUXILIARY WINDING FOR PROVIDING A SUPPPLY VOLTAGE FOR SAID SWITCHING TRANSISTOR VIA A CHANGE CAPACITOR AND A RECTIFYING ELEMENT. THE PROTECTION CIRUCUIT COMPRISES A CLAMPING CIRCUIT WITH A SWITCHING ELEMENT FOR REDUCING SAID SUPPLY VOLTAGE IN CASE OF A FAILURE, SAID CLAMPING CIRCUIT BEING COUPLED TO SAID CHARGE CAPACITOR, AND A HOLDING CIRCUIT BEING COUPLED TO SAID AUXILIARY WINDING AND COMPRISING A CAPACITOR BEING COUPLED TO SAID CLAMPING CIRCUIT FOR PROVIDING AN ADDITIONAL HOLDING CURRENT FOR SAID CLAMPING CIRCUIT ALSO IN SAID FAILURE.

Full Text

PROVISIONAL COMPLETE FIELD OF THE INVENTION The prtstnt invention relates to a protection circuit for a switched mode power supply, which comprises a switching transistor and a transformer with a primary winding and an auxiliary winding for providing a supply voltage for driving the switching transistor. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A switched mode power supply of this kind is known for example from EP-A-0 936 726, which discloses self oscillating switched mode power supplies operating in a flyback mode. Specifically, EP-A-0 936 726 shows a switched mode power supply with a HOSFET as a switching transistor and a gate driver circuit comprising a charge capacitor being coupled via a diode to an auxiliary winding for providing a supply voltage for the gate driver circuit. It comprises further a threshold circuit, which keeps the gate driver circuit turned off after the switching-on of the switched mode power supply, until the sypply voltage of the driver circuit has exceeded a specific threshold value with respect to the auxiliary winding. It comprises also an opto— coupler for providing a regulating voltage from the secondary side of the power supply for the gate driver circuit for stabilizing output voltages. OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION The object of the prtsmt invention is therefore, to provide a protection circuit, which works also reliably within a low power switched mode power supply, and to provide a respective switched mode power supply. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The protection circuit of the prevent invention comprises a clamping circuit with a switching element for reducing said supply voltage in case of a failure, especially in case of an overvoltage condition, and a holding circuit for providing , holding current for said clamping circuit. With the holding current the switch-off time in case of a failure is extended which avoids therefore an immediate start-up of the power supply when the supply voltage is reduced* and which would lead to a hiccup stage. The clamping circuit comprises advantageously a threshold circuit, which provides a switching voltage for the switching element when the supply voltage reaches an upper voltage limit. The switching element is connected to a charge capacitor which provides the supply voltage for the switching transistor* and by reducing this supply voltage the switching of the switching transistor is disabled. The holding circuit comprises in particular a capacitor which is coupled via a resistor to the clamping circuit, especially to the threshold circuit, for providig an additional current also in a failure mode. In a special embodiment the capacitor of the holding circuit is connected via a rectifying element to an auxiliary winding of the transformer, but can be coupled also to another input voltage of the power supply. The protection circuit may be used especially for a switched mode power supply comprising a transformer with a primary winding and an auxiliary winding, and a switching transistor which is coupled to said primary winding and which is in operating a flyback mode. It works not only in power supplies with low power applications but also in power supplies providing high output power. For smaller switched mode supply supplies, it is especially advantageous to use a MOSFET as a switching transistor and the clamping circuit therefore disables directly the gate drive of the MOSFET in case of an over voltage condition. Low power supplies for example with an output power of 30 Watts can be used for example as a second power supply within appliances of consumer electronics products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS The invention is explained in more detail below by way of a preferred embodiment, with reference to schematic circuit diagrams, in which : Figure 1: A circuit with a Zener diode for providing an overvoltage protection for a switched mode power supply, and Figure 2: A protection circuit with a clamping circuit and a holding circuit according to the invention. DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION EP-A-0936726 discloses a switched mode power supply as described herein before, which contains a protection circuit* shown in Fig. 1. It comprises a switching transistor T20, which is connected with its current input to a primary winding Wl of a transformer* not shown, and with its curret output via a resistor R20 to ground. The primary winding Wl is coupled in the usual manner to a rectifying element BR, which provides a rectified voltage from the mains voltage UM. The transformer comprise further an auxiliary winding W2 for providing a supply voltage Vcc. The voltage Vcc is a rectified and smoothed voltage, rectified via dieodes 025 and D26 which are connected to a terminal 3 of the auxiliary Minding 2, and stabilized via compacitors C25 and C24 and a Zener diode D27. The power supply comprises further a start-up circuit with resistors R5, R6, R7 being connected to the capacitors C25 cuit GD. The gate driver circuit 6D controls a transistor T25 which is coupled to the supply voltage Vcc for providing a switching-on voltage to the control electrode of the switching transistor T20 via resistors R21, R27 for switching through this transistor. Via the gate driver circuit 8D the output voltages of the power supply are stabilized, a control circuit of this kind is explained for example in EP-A-0 936 726. The base of transistor T25, together with the gate driver circuit GD, is connected to a threshold circuit with a Zener diode D23 and resistors R24, R26 for keeping the transistor T27 off after switching-on of the power supply, until the supply voltage Vcc has reached a sufficiently high voltage value for the start-up of the power supply. The power supply comprises further small capacitors C23 and C26 to suppress voltage spikes of the corresponding diodes. The Zener diodes D27 of Fig. 1 provides also an over voltage protection for the power supply. In a failure mode, when the output voltage at the auxiliary winding W2 shoots up, the voltage Vcc at capacitors C24, C25 will also rise accordingly, but is clamped by the Zener diode D27, in this embodiment to 20 Volts. Therefore, the current flowing through Zener diode D27 will increase which will finally kill this diode when reaching a certain current value. Once the Zener diode 027 is destroyed, it will become short circuted, which will shut off the switched mode power supply immediately because the supply voltage Vcc drops. The switched mode power supply of Fig. 1 has also an under- drive protection, which ensures that there is always a sufficient gate drive for switching through the switching transistor T20 even during a failure condition. This requirement is necessary due to safety reasons. This problem is solved in that two diodes 025, 026 and two capacitors C24, C23 are arranged each in parallel, to provide always a supply voltage Vcc, even when one of the diodes or one of the capacitors is open circuited. The over voltage protection as described before is only working in switched mode power supplies with higher output power, for example, 70 Watts, but not with switched mode power supplies limited to about 30 Watts, because then the current flowing through the Zencr diodes D27 is too low to destroy the Zener diode in case of an over voltage failure mode. In this case the output voltages of the power supply will continue to rise and this will damage the respective components of the device, for example capacitors and integrated circuits. In Figure 2 the primary side of a switched mode power supply is shown with a MOSFET as a switching transistor T2O, which is coupled with the current input to a primary minding Wl of a transformer (not shown) and with a current output via resistor R20 to ground. Other types of switching transistors can be used accordingly. To the other end of the primary winding Wl a DC voltage is coupled in a known manner which is provided in this embodiment from the mains voltage UM via a rectifying element BR. To the rectifying BR also the start—up circuit with resstors R5t R6 and R7 is coupled. The control input of the switching transistor T2O is controlled via a transistor T25, which is connected with its current input to a supply voltage Vcc. The supply voltage Vcc is provided from the auxiliary winding W2 of the transformer via a rectifying element D2S and is smoothed via a charge capacitor C25. A gat driver circuit GD, shown only schematically provides switching pulses for the transistor T25 for regulating the output voltages of the power supply. When the transistor T25 is switched through, the supply voltage Vcc is coupled via resistors R21 and R27 to the gate electrode of the switching transistor T20, nd when transistor T2S closes* the switching transistor T20 is also closed via the gate driver circuit 60. The basic components of the switched mode power supply as shown in figure 2 is similar to the circuit as already described according to figure 1, and which operating principles are described in detail in EPA-0 936 726. Circuit components in Figure 2 which are the same as in the Figure 1 have same reference numbers. To the charge capacitor C2S a clamping circuit CL is coupled for providing an overvoltage protection. It comprises a switching element T2i, in this embodiment a thryristor, which disables the gate drive of the switching transistor T20 when switched through, in that the supply voltage Vcc is connected to ground. The control electrode of the switching element T21 is controlled via a threshold circuit with a Zener diode D24 and a transistor R38 which provides a switching voltage Ue when the supply voltage Vcc exceeds a certain threshold , in this example 20 Volts. When the Zener diode D24 starts conducting, the control voltage Ue shoots up and triggers the switching element T21. The control electrode of the switching element T21 is coupled via a resistor R39 and a capacitor C28 in parallel to ground for disabling the control voltage Ue when the Zener diode 024 stops conducting. When the supply voltage Vcc drops below the threshold value of the threshold circuit D24, R38, then also the control voltage Ue drops which closes the switching element T21. Then the power supply will start-up again andt when the overvoltage condition still appears« will shut down again when the threshold value is exceeded. In this case the power supply would be in a hiccup stage which would be an additional stress for the power supply and would make a switching sound which could he heard by a user. To suppress this hiccup stage, the power supply comprises a holding circuit HO. This holding circuit provides an additional current for the clamping circuit CL to turn the switching element T21 on for a longer period. The holding circuit HO comprises a capacitor C37 in which a charge is stored during normal operation and which is connected to the clamping circuit CL via a resistor R37. In this embodiment the capacitor 37 is coupled to the auxiliary winding W2 of the transformer, but it can be coupled also to another part of the power supply, for example to the start-up circuit. With the additional holding current, the annoying switching sound of the hiccup state is modified to a more smoother tone. The clamping circuit CL is very sensitive to an overvoltage condition of the supply voltage Vcc because of the threshold circuit D24, R38 and the switching element T21. It provides therefore an overvoltage protection for switched mode power supplies with high output power as well as for swiched mode power supplies with the low output power. In addition, the clamping circuit CL together with the holding circuit HO provide also an under drive protection, as can be seen from Figure 2. In the case the diode D25 is open circuited, the power suply has the additional current path via D37 and R37 to charge the charge capacitor C2S. And in the case capacitor C2S is open circuited, the capacitor C37 is available to provide the necessary gat, drive voltage for the switching transistor T20. Therefore, with a few additional components a reliable circuit is provided which provides an overvoltage protection as well as an under drive protection. The overvoltage protection circuit as explained is not restricted for a use with a power supply as described with regard to Figure 2. Applications for other power supplies, for exmaple for a DC-DC converter, are also possible. WE CLAIM I 1. Protection circuit for a switched mode power supply comprising a switching transistor (T20) and a transformer with a primary winding (W1) and an auxiliary winding (W2) for providing a supply voltage (Vcc) for said switching transistor (T20) via a change capacitor (C25) and a rectifying element (D2S) characterized in that the protection circuit comprises , a clamping circuit (CL) with a switching element (T21) for reducing said supply voltage (Vcc) in case of a failure, said clamping circuit (CD being coupled to said charge capacitor (C25), and a holding circuit (HO) being coupled to said auxiliary winding (W2) and comprising a capacitor (C37) being coupled to said clamping circuit (CD for providing an additional holding current for said clamping circuit (CD also in said failure. 2. Protection circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherei said clamping circuit (CD comprises a threshold circuit (D24), R38) for disabling the switching cycles of said switching transistor (T20) via said supply voltage (Vcc) in case of of an over- voltage . Protection circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said holding circuit (HO) is coupled to said clamping circuit (CD and to said charge capacitor (C25) with one end and to said auxiliary winding (W2) with a second end. 4. Protection circuit as claimed in claim , wherein said holding circuit (HO) as coupled to said clamping circuit (Cl) via a reaistor (R3/). 5. Proection circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein said threshold circuit (D24, H38) comprises a Zener diode (D24) being coupled to said switching element (121) for providing a switching voltage (Uc) in case of an overvoltage condition. 6. Switched mode power supply comprising a transformer with a primary winding (W1) and an auxiliary winding (W2) and a switching transistor (12O) coupled to said primary winding (Wl) by compnsig a protection circuit as claimed in claim 1. Switched mode power supply as claimed in claim 6, wherein said switching tranistor (120) in a MUSFHf and the clamping circuit (CL) of said protection circuit disables the gate drive of said MOSKEI in case of an over voltage condition. Switched mode power supply as clmimed in claim 7, wherein it operates as a self-osci1lating switched mode power supply and in flyback mode. This invention relates to a protection circuit for a switched mode power supply comprising a switching transistor (T20) and a transformer with a primary windding (W1) and an auxiliary winding (W2) for providing a supply voltage (Vcc) for said switching transistor (T20) via a change capacitor (C25) and a rectifying element (D25). The protection circuit comprises a clamping circuit (CL) with a switching element (T21) for reducing said supply voltage (Vcc) in case of a failure, said clamping circuit (CL) being coupled to said charge capacitor (C25), and a holding circuit (H) being coupled to said auxiliary winding (W2) and comprising a capacitor (C37) being coupled to said clamping circuit (CL) for providing an additional holding current for said clamping circuit (CL) also in said failure.

Documents:

00118-cal-2001-abstract.pdf

00118-cal-2001-claims.pdf

00118-cal-2001-correspondence.pdf

00118-cal-2001-description (complete).pdf

00118-cal-2001-drawings.pdf

00118-cal-2001-form 1.pdf

00118-cal-2001-form 2.pdf

00118-cal-2001-form 26.pdf

00118-cal-2001-form 3.pdf

00118-cal-2001-form 5.pdf

00118-cal-2001-letter patent.pdf

00118-cal-2001-petition under rule 138.pdf

00118-cal-2001-reply f.e.r.pdf