Indian Patents. 210423:PHOTOACTIVE POLYMER

Title of Invention	PHOTOACTIVE POLYMER
Abstract	1. A photoactive side-chain polymer from the class of polyimides, polyamide acids or esters thereof, wherein the photoactive side-chain polymer comprises as a side-chain a dendritic block incorporating photoactive groups at the surface of the dendritic block.

Full Text	FORM 2 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 of 1970) COMPLETE SPECIFICATION [See section 10] PHOTOACTIVE POLYMER; ROLIC AG, A CORPORATION ORGANIZED AND EXISTING UNDER THE LAWS OF SWITZERLAND, WHOSE ADDRESS IS CHAMERSTRASSE 50, 6301 ZUG, SWITZERLAND; GRANTED THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATION PARTICULARLY DESCRIBES AND ASCERTAINS THE NATURE OF THE INVENTION AND THE MANNER IN WHICH IT IS TO BE PERFOMED. 25-1-2007 Photoactive polymer 5 The present invention relates to a photoactive polymer based on polyimides, polyamic acids and esters thereof and their use as orientation layers for liquid crystals and in the construction of unstructured and structured optical elements and multi-layer systems. 10 The successful functioning of a liquid crystal device depends on the ability of the liquid crystal molecules within that device to adopt and maintain an imposed align¬ment. Alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is achieved 15 by use of an orientation layer which defines a direction of orientation for the liquid crystal molecules of the device with the result that the longitudinal axes of the molecules become aligned with the direction of orientation defined by the orientation layer. In addition to this directional 20 alignment, the orientation layer is also able to impart to the liquid crystal molecules an angle of tilt so that the molecules align themselves at an angle to the surface of the orientation layer rather than lying parallel hereto. 25 Tilt angles from 1° to 15° are usual for nematic liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Some electro-optical effects used for LCDs however require alignment layers with very high pretilt angles. Vertically aligned nematic (VAN) LCDs for instance require pretilt angles between 85° and 30°, meas- 3 0 ured from the surface plane. In the case of hybrid aligned nematic (HAN) LCDs, the pretilt angle at one of the sub- strates has to be in the above range, whereas the tilt angle at the other substrate is low (typically 0° to 10°). Methods of preparing structured and unstructured orienta¬tion layers are well known to a skilled person. Customarily 5 used uniaxially rubbed polymer orientation layers such as, for example, polyimides however impact a series of disad¬vantages like dust generation during the rubbing process, destruction of thin film transistors and lack of structur¬ing ability. Furthermore, the rubbing process does not 10 allow the production of structured layers. Orientation layers in which the direction of orientation can be predetermined by irradiation with polarized light have been known for some time. It is by that means possible 15 to avoid the problems inherent to the rubbing process. In addition, it is possible to provide areas having different orientation and thus to structure the orientation layer as described for example in Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 31 (1992), 2155-64 (Schadt et al.). In that process the dimerisation 20 of polymer-bonded photoactive cinnamic acid groups induced by irradiation with linearly polarized light is employed leading to an anisotropic polymer network. Those photo-oriented polymer networks can be used wherever structured or unstructured liquid crystal orientation layers are 25 required. In addition to their use in LCDs, such orientation layers can also be used, for example, in the production of so-called hybrid layers, as exemplified for instance in 30 European patent applications EP-A-0611981, EP-A-0689084 (both F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG) and WO-A-98/52077 (Rolic AG). Using those hybrid layers of photostructurable orientation polymers and crosslinkable low; molecular weight liquid crystals it is possible to realize optical elements such as, for example, non-absorptive color filters, linear and circular polarizers, optical delay layers and so on. 5 EP-A-0611786 and WO-A-96/10049 (both P. Hoffmann-La Roche AG) , as well as EP-A-0763552 (Rolic AG), describe cinnamic acid polymers that are suitable in principle for the synthesis of such anisotrapically crOsslinked, phato-structured orientation layers for liquid crystals. In the 10 case of the compounds described in EP-A-0763552 and WO-A-96/10049, on irradiation with linearly polarized light it is possible to induce, in addition to the desired orientation, simultaneously an angle of tilt. This allows the production of layers having structuring in respect of 15 surface orientation and angle of tilt. The above photostructurable orientation layers have the disadvantage, however, that for certain applications, especially for use in Thin Film Transistor (TFT) displays, 20 they result in adjacent liquid crystal mixture having an insufficient electrical resistivity value. In TFT displays, a too low resistivity value of the liquid crystal medium leads to an inadequate "holding ratio", which is a measure of the voltage drop in the display after the voltage has 25 been switched off. Low holding ratio values, however, bring about undesirable changes in brightness and contrast over time and thus result in unstable graduations of the grey tones. 30 Recently photoactive materials for orientation layers with improved holding ratios were described in WO-A-99/49360 (Rolic AG), JP-A-10-195296, JP-A-10-232400 (both Samsung Electron Devices Co., Ltd.), WO-A-99/15576 (Rolic AG) and WO -A-99/51662 (Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo KK) . In WO-A-99/49360, JP-A-10-195296 and JP-A-10-232400 blends of polymeric compounds containing photoactive polymers on the one hand and polyimides on the other hand are proposed. A 5 disadvantage of such blends is their limited miscibility. Low contents of photoactive polymers however lead to a loss of orienting properties and consequently to a reduced contrast ratio of liquid crystal layers to be oriented whereas a reduced polyimide content results in insufficient 10 holding ratios. In WO-A-99/15576 and WO-A-99/51662 polyimides incorporating photoactive cinnamate groups in their side chains are described. WO-A-99/15576 discloses photoactive polymers which contain as side-chains photo-crosslinkable groups of the following formula: 15 These polyimides are said to combine the photoreactivity of the cinnamic acid skeletal structure and sufficiently high 2 0 holding ratios. There is no teaching of the improvement of the orientation of liquid crystals. A problem with the polyimides is their poor solubility in the most organic solvents that make them difficult to process. 25 The ability of the resulting orientation layers to perform their function depends, in part, on the number of molecules in the layer that have been isomerised and/or dimerised as a result of irradiation with linearly polarized light. The extent to which the molecules are isomerised and/or 3 0 dimerised relies, in part, on the irradiation time, the irradiation energy and the structure of the molecules being irradiated. However, a problem with many polymers currently used in the 5 preparation of photo-oriented orientation layers is that relatively long irradiation times are required to make efficient isomerisation and/or dimerisation of the compo¬nent molecules. 10 Consequently, there is a need for stable photoalignable materials with short irradiation time, sufficiently high holding ratios and good processability. The present invention addresses that need and provides photoactive polymers of good processability that, when irradiated over 15 a relatively short time with polarized light, result in stable, high-resolution patternable orientation layers having angle of tilt, which at the same time allow sufficiently high holding ratios in the adjacent liquid crystal medium. 20 The inventors have found that polyimides incorporating as side-chains dendritic blocks with photoactive groups at their surface provide photoalignable materials which are advantageous with respect to at least one of the above 25 requirements. The illumination of these compounds with linearly polarized light results in excellent orientation capability for liquid crystals, in sufficiently high holding ratio and simultaneously allows pre-tilt angles up to 90°. At the same time, the introduction of a dendritic 3 0 block improves solubility and processability. A first aspect of the present invention therefore provides photoactive polymers from the class of polyimides, more -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a group A, with the proviso that oxygen atoms are not directly attached to each other, wherein A represents a group selected from -Q-, -CO-, 5 -CO-O-, -0-CO-, -NR1-, -NRl-CO-, -CO-NR1-, -NRi-CO-O-, -O-CO-NR1-, -NR^-CO-NR1-, -CH=CH-/ -CsC-, -0-CO-O- and -Si(CH3)2-0-Si(CH3)2-, an aromatic or an alicyclic group, and wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl; 10 Di each independently of the other represent an organic residue; Z1 each independently of the other represent a single 15 bond or a spacer unit such as a straight-chain or branched alkylene group which is unsubstituted, mono or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a group 2 0 B, wherein B represents a group selected from -O-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -NR1-, -NR1-CO-, -CO-NR1-, -NR1-CO-0-, -O-CO-NR1-, -HRl-CO-NR1-, -CH=CH-, -C=C-, -0-CO-O- and -Si(CH3)2-0-Si(CH3)2-, 25 wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl; m and n each independently of the other represent the number of generations and having a value of 0 to 4, 3 0 with the proviso that 2 polyamide acids and esters thereof, characterized in that they comprise as side-chains a dendritic block incorporat¬ing photoactive groups at its surface. S The dendritic block preferably represents a unit of formulae la, lb or a combination of them, for example formula Ic 10 15 wherein the broken line symbolizes the linkage to polyimide main chain; and wherein 20 represents a single bond or a spacer unit such as a straight-chain or branched alkylene group which is unsubstituted, mono or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having 1 to 3 0 carbon atoms, wherein one or two generations and at most four generations are present. 5 For example, the 3rd generation of formula la is repre¬sented by the general formula II 10 The terminal moieties attached to Zi at the dendritic block surface are photoactive groups which can be photoisomerised or photodimerised on exposure to UV or laser light. The 15 terminal moieties can also be hydrogen, or an unit such as a straight-chain or branched alkyl group which is unsubsti-tuted, mono or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, cyano, having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein one or more -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a group A, 20 with the proviso that oxygen atoms are not directly attached to each other; with the proviso that at least four terminal moieties must be photoactive groups. By the term "aromatic" it should be understood to include optionally substituted carbocylic and heterocyclic groups incorporating five, six or ten ring atoms like furan, 5 phenyl, pyridine, pyrimidine, naphthalene, or tetraline units. By the term "cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue which is unsubstituted, mono-substituted by cyano 10 or fluorine, chlorine, or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent-CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a group A," it should be understood to include groups selected from the group comprising methyl, ethyl, propyl, 15 isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, cyclopentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, 3-methylpentyl, allyl, but-3-en-l-yl, pent-4-en-l-yl, hex-5-en-l-yl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, 2 0 butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, hexyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, heptyloxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, undecyloxy, dodecyloxy, 3-methylpentyloxy, allyloxy, but-3-enyloxy, pent-4-enyloxy, cylohexylmethoxy, cyclopentylmethoxy, 25 methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl, sec-butoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, pentyloxycarbonyl, isopentyloxycarbonyl, cyclopentyloxycarbonyl, hexyloxy-carbonyl, cyclohexyloxycarbonyl, octyloxycarbonyl, nonyl- 3 0 oxycarbonyl, decyloxycarbonyl, undecyl oxycarbonyl, dodecyl- oxycarbonyl, 3-methylpentyloxycarbonyl, allyloxycarbonyl, but-3-enyloxycarbonyl, pent-4-enyloxycarbonyl, cylohexyl-methoxycarbonyl, cyclopentylmethoxycarbonyl, acetoxy, ethylcarbonyloxy, propylcarbonyloxy, isopropylcarbonyloxy, butylcarbonyloxy, isobutylcarbonyloxy, sec-butylcarbonyl-oxy, fcert-butylcarbonyloxy, pentylcarbonyloxy, isopentyl-carbonyloxy, cyclopentylcarbonyloxy, 5 4- [3,4, 5-tris (octyioxy)benzyl] oxy, hexylcarbonyloxy, cyclohexylcarbonyloxy, (4-propyl cyclohexyl) methoxy, (4-propylcyclohexyi) carbonyloxy, (4-pentylbenzoyl) oxy, octylcarbonyloxy, nonylcarbonyloxy, decylcarbonyloxy, undecylcarbonyloxy, dodecylcarbonyloxy, 3-methylpentyl- 10 carbonyloxy, but-3-enyloxy, pent-4-enyloxy, acetyl, ethyl-carbonyl, propyl carbonyl, isopropylcarbonyl, butyl c arbonyl, isobutylcarbonyl, sec-butylcarbonyl, pentyl carbonyl, isopentylcarbonyl, cyclohexylcarbonyl, octylcarbonyl, nonylcarbonyl, decylcarbonyl, undecylcarbonyl, dcdecyl- 15 carbonyl, methoxyacetoxy, l-methoxy-2-propoxy, 3-methoxy-1-propo^y, 2-methoxyethoxy, 2-isopropo:cyethoxy, l-ethoxy-3-pentylQxy, 3-butynyloxy, 4-pentynyloxy, 5-chloropentynyl, 4-pentynecarbonyloxy, 6-propyloxyhexyl, 6-propyloxyhexylosty, 2-fluoroethyl, trifluoromethyl, 20 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1H, lff-pentadecafluorooctyl, XR, Iff, 7H-dodecaf luoroheptyl, 2 - (perf luorooctyl) ethyl, 2-(perfluorobutyl)ethyl, 2-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl, 2-(perf luorodecyl) ethyl, perf ltioropropyl, perf luorobutyl, perfluoroheptyl, perfluorooctyl, perfluorononyl, 25 l-fluoropropoxy, 1-fluoropentyloxy, 2-fluorqpropoxy, 2,2-difluoropropo^y, 3-fluoropropoxy, 3,3-difluoropropoxy, 3,3,3-trifluoroprQpoxy, trifluoromethoxy and the like. By the term "cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkylene 3 0 residue which is Unsubstituted, mono-substituted by cyano or fluorine, chlorine, or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having 1. to 24 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a group A," it should be understood to include groups selected from the group comprising 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 5 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-l,4-butylene, 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylene-carbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxycarbonyl, 3-propylenecarbonyloxy, 5-pentyleneoxy, 5-pentyleneoxy-carbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexyleneoxy, 6-hexylene- 10 oxycarbonyl, 5-pentylenecarbonyloxy, 7-heptyleneoxy, 7-heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6-hexylenecarbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8-octyleneoxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyl-oxy, 9-nonyleneoxy, 9-nonyleneoxycarbonyl, 8-octylene-carbonyloxy, 10-decyleneoxy, 10-decyleneoxycarbonyl, 15 9-nonylenecarbonyloxy, 11-undecyleneoxy, 11-undecyleneoxy-carbonyl, 10-decylenecarbonyloxy, 12-dodecyleneoxy, 12-dodecyleneoxycarbonyl, ll-undecylenecarbonyloxy, 3 -propyleneiminocarbonyl, 4 -butyleneiminocarbonyl, 5-pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneiminocarbonyl, 20 7-heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 8-octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9-nonyleneiminocarbonyl, 10-decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11-undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12 -dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2 -ethylenecarbonylimino, 3 -propyl ene carbonyl imino, 4 -butylenecarbonylimino, 5 -pentylenecarbonyl imino, 25 6-hexylenecarbonylimino, 7-heptylenecarbonylimino, 8-octylenec arbony 1 imino, 9 - nony 1 ene car b ony 1 imino, 10-decylenecarbonyl imino, 11-undecylenecarbonylimino, 6 - (3 -propyleneiminocarbonyloxy) hexylene, S - (3 -propylene -oxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneoxy) hexyleneoxy, 30 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3-propylene¬iminocarbonyl ) hexyl, 6 - (3 -propyleneiminocarbonyl) hexyloxy, 1,2-ethylenedioxy, 1,3-propylenedioxy, 1,4-butylenedioxy, 1,5-pentylenedioxy, 1, 6-hexylenedioxy, 1, 7-heptylenedioxy, 1,8-octylenedioxy, l,9~nonylenedioxy, 1,10-decylenedioxy, 1,11-undecylenedioxy, 1,12-dodecylenedioxy, 2-{4-[4-(2-oxy-ethylene)cyclohexyl]phenyl}ethyleneoxy, 2-[4'-(2-oxy-butylene)-1,l'biphenyl-4-yl] ethyleneoxy, 5 2-{4- [4-(2-oxy-ethylene)phenyl}ethyleneoxy, 2-{4-[4-(2-carbonyloxyethylene) cyclohexyl]phenyl}ethoxy, 2-[4'-(2-carbonyloxybutylene) -1, l'biphenylene-4-yl] ethyleneoxy, 6-{4- [4- (2-carbonyloxyethylene)phenyl}hexyleneoxy, 5-{ [4' - (4-oxybuteneoxy) -1,1' -biphenyl-4-yl] oxyjpentene- 10 carbonyloxy, 2-oxyethylene, 3-oxypropylene, 4-oxybutylene, 5-oxypentylene, 6-oxyhexylene, 7-oxyheptylene, 8-oxyoctylene, 9-oxynonylene, 10-oxydecylene, 11-oxyundecylene, 12-oxydodecylene, 2-(oxycarbonyl)-ethylene, 3-(oxycarbonyl)propylene, 4-(oxycarbonyl)- 15 butylene, 5-(oxycarbonyl)pentylene, 6-(oxycarbonyl)-hexylene, 7-(oxycarbonyl)heptylene, 8-(oxycarbonyl)-octylene, 9-(oxycarbonyl)nonylene, 10-(oxycarbonyl)-decylene, 11-(oxycarbonyl)undecylene, 12-(oxycarbonyl)-dodecylene, 2-(carbonyloxy)ethylene, 3-(carbonyloxy)- 2 0 propylene, 4- (carbonyloxy)butylene, 5-(carbonyloxy)-pentylene, 6-(carbonyloxy) hexyl ene, 7-(carbonyloxy)-heptylene, 8-(carbonyloxy)octylene, 9-(carbonyloxy)-nonylene, 10-(carbonyloxy)decylene, 11-(carbonyloxy)-undecylene, 12-(carbonyloxy)dodecylene, 2-(carbonyl- 25 imino)ethylene, 3-(carbonylimino)propylene, 4-(carbonyl-imino)butylene, 5-(carbonylimino)pentylene, 6-(carbonyl¬imino) hexylene, 7-(carbonylimino)heptylene, 8-(carbonyl-imino)octylene, 9-(carbonylimino)nonylene, 10-(carbonyl¬imino )decylene, 11 - (carbonylimino)undecylene, 12-(carbonyl- 30 imino)dodecylene, 2-iminoethylene, 3-iminopropylene, 4-iminobutylene, 5-iminopentylene, 6-iminohexylene, 7-iminoheptylene, 8-iminooctylene, 9-iminononylene, 10-iminodecylene, 11-iminoundecylene, 12-iminododecylene, 2- iminocarbonylethylene, 3-iminocarbonylpropylene, 4-imino-carbonylbutylene, 5-iminocarbonylpentylene, 6-imino-carbonylhexylene, 7-iminocarbonylheptylene, 8-imino-carbonyloctylene, 9-iminocarbonylnonylene, 10-imino-5 carbonyldecylene, 11-iminocarbonylundecylene, 12-imino-carbonyldodecylene, 2 - (2 - ethyl eneoxy) ethylene, 2- (3-propyleneoxy) ethylene, 6- (4-butyleneoxy) hexylene, 2- (2-ethyleneiminocarbonyl) ethylene, 2- (3-propyleneimino-carbonyl) ethylene, 6 - (4 -butyleneiminocarbonyl) hexylene, 10 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propylene-iminocarbonyl) hexylene and the like. By the term "lower alkyl" it should be understood to include straight chain and branched hydrocarbon radicals 15 having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl groups are especially preferred. By the term "alicyclic" it should be understood to include 20 non-aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring systems with 3 to 10 carbon atoms like cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cycloperitene, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, cyclohexadiene and decaline. 25 Especially preferred dendritic blocks are groups of formulae la and Ic. Most preferred dendritic blocks are groups of formulae la. 30 It is also preferred that the groups Di are each independently of the other an aromatic, an alicyclic or a -CR1 unit wherein R1 is as defined above. It is especially preferred that the groups D^ are selected form 1,2,3-benzenetriyl, 1,3,4-benzenetriyl, 1,3,5-benzenetriyl or a group -CR1. 5 It is' preferred that the group Si is selected from a single covalent bond, -0-, -CO-0-, -0-C0-, -NR1-, -NR1-CO~, -CO-HR1-, -NR1-CO-O-, -O-CO-NR1-, -NR1-CO-NR1-, -CH=GH-, -CsC-, -O-CO-O-and a straight-chain or branched alkylene group, which is optionally substituted by one or more 10 groups selected from fluorine, chlorine and cyano and in which two or three non-adjacent alkylene -CH2- group are independently optionally replaced by a group A with the proviso that the total number of chain carbon atoms in the alkylene group does not exceed 24, wherein R1 represents a 15 hydrogen atom or lower alkyl. It is more preferred that S1 is selected from single covalent bond, -CO-O-, -O-C0-, -(CH2)r-, -(CH2)r-0-, -(CH2)r-CO-, -(CH2)r-CO-, -(CH2)r-CO-0, - (CH2) r-0-C0-, 20 - (CH2)r-CO-NR:L-, - (CH2)r-NRx-C0-, - (CH2) r-NR1-, -0-(CH2)r-, -C0-0-(CH2)r-, -0-CO-(CH2)r-, -NR1-CO- (CH2)r-, -CO-NR1- (CH2)r- , -NR1-(CH2)r-, -O- (CH2) r-CO-0- , -0-(CH2)r-0-CO-, -0-(CH^r-CO-NR1', -O-(CH2) r-NRx", -0-(CH2)r-0-, -O-(CH2)r-NR1-C0-/ , -NR1-(CH2) r-CO-0-, 25 -NRl-(CHa)r-0-, -NR1-(CH2)r-NR1-, -NR1-(CH2) r-0-C0-, -CO-NR1- (CHa) r-0- , -CO-NR1- (CH2) r-NR1- , -CO-NR1- (CH2) r-0-CO- , -0-C0-(CH2)r-C0-, -O-CO-(CH2)r-0-, -O-CO-(CH2) r-NR2-, -O-C0- (CH2) r-CO-G- , -O-CO- (CH2) r-CO-NR1- , -0-CQ-(CH2)r-NRx-CO-, -(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-, - (CH2) r-C0-0- (CH2) a- , 30 -(CH2)r-0-CO-(CH2)a-, - (CH2)r-NRx-C0-(CH2)s-, - (CHa) r-NRx-C0-0- (CH2) a- , - - (CHa) r-CO-O- (CHa) s-0, - (CHa) r-0-CO- (CH2) s-0, - (CH2) r-NR1-CO- -CO-O- (CH2)r-0-(CH2)s and -CO-O- (CH2)r-0- (CH2)s-0-, wherein R1 is as defined above, r and s each represent an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 2 to 12, and r + S By the terms -(CH2)r-and -(CH2)S- it should be understood to include straight-chain or branched alkylene groupings containing r or s carbon atoms respectively. 15 It is especially preferred that S1 is selected from -(CH2)r-, -(CH2)r-0-, -(CH2)r-CO-0-, -(CH2)r-0-CO-, -(CH2)r-CO-NH-, - (CH2)r-NH-CO-, -0~(CH2)r-, -CO-O-(CH2)r-, -C0-NH-(CH2)r-, -0-C0-(CH2)r-, -O-C0- (CH2) r-C0-0- , -O-(CH2)r-0-C0-, -0(CH2)rC0-NH-, -0-(CH2)r-NH-C0-, 20 -CO-O-(CH2)r-0-, -C0-NH-(CH2)r-0-, -0-(CH2)r-0-, -(CH2)r-NH-CO-(CH2)S-/ -(CH2) r-NH-C0-O-(CH2)s-, -(CH2)r-0-(CH2)a-0-, -(CH2)r-NH-CO-(CH2)s-0- , -(CH2)r-NH-C0-0- (CH2)s-0-, -0- (CH2)r-NH-C0-(CH2)s-, -0-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0-, -0-C0-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0-; 25 -CO-O-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0"/ "0-(CH2)rNH-C0-(CH2)s-0- and -0-C0-(CH2)r-NH-CO-(CH2) s-0-, wherein r and s each represent an integer from 2 to 12 and r + s £ 15. Examples of preferred groups Si include 1,2-ethylene, 30 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, l,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-1, 4-butylene, 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylene-carbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxycarbonyl, 3-propylenecarbonyloxy, 5-pentyleneoxy, 5-pentyleneoxy-5 carbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexyleneoxy, 6-hexylene-oxycarbonyl, 5-pentylenecarbonyloxy, 7-heptyleneoxy, 7-heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6-hexylenecarbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8-octyleneoxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyl-oxy, 9-nonyleneoxy, 9-nonyleneoxycarbonyl, 8-octylene- 10 carobnyloxy, 10-decyleneoxy, 10-decyleneoxycarbonyl, 9-nonylenecarbonyloxy, 11 -undecyl eneoxy, 11-undecyleneoxy-carbonyl, 10-decylenecarbonyloxy, 12-dodecyleneoxy, 12-dodecyleneoxycarbonyl, 11-undecylenecarbonyloxy, 3-px'opyleneiminocarbonyl, 4-butyleneiminocarbonyl, 15 5-pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneiminocarbonyl, 7-heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 8-octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9-nonyleneiminocarbonyl, 10-decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11-undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12 -dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonylimi.no, 3 -propylenecarbonylimino, 20 4-butylenecarbonylimino, 5-pentylenecarbonylimino, 6-hexylenecarbonylimino, 7-heptylenecarbonylimino, 8-octylenecarbonyliird.no, 9-nonylenecarbonylimino, 10 - decy1enecarbony 1 imino, 11- unde cy 1 ene c arbony 1 imino, 6- (3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy) hexylene, 6- (3-propylene- 25 oxy) hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneoxy) hexyleneoxy, 6- (3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy) hexyleneoxy, 6- (3-propylene-iminocarbonyl) hexyl, 6- (3 -propyleneiminocarbonyl) hexyloxy, 1,2-ethylenedioxy, 1,3-propylenedioxy, 1,4-butylenedioxy, 1,5-pentylenedioxy, 1,6-hexylenedioxy, 1,7-heptylenedioxy, 30 1,8-octylenedioxy, 1, 9-nonylenedioxy, 1,10-decylenedioxy, 1,11-undecylenedioxy, 1,12-dodecylenedioxy, 2-oxyethylene, 3-oxypropylene, 4-oxybutylene, 5-oxypentylene, 6-oxyhexylene, 7-oxyheptylene, 8-oxy oc tyl ene, 9-oxynonylene, 10-oxydecylene, 11-oxyundecylene, 12-^oxy-dodecylene, 2-(oxycarbonyl)ethylene, 3 -(oxycarbonyl)-propylene, 4-(oxycarbonyl)butylene, 5-(oxycarbonyl)-pentylene, 6-(oxycarbonyl)hexylene, 7-(oxycarbonyl)-5 heptylene, 8-(oxycarbonyl)octylene, 9-(oxycarbonyl)-nonylene, 10- (oxycarbonyl) decylene, 11 - (oxycarbonyl) -undecylene, 12- (oxycarbonyl) dodecylene, 2- (carbonyloxy) -ethylene, 3 - (carbonyloxy) propylene, 4 - (carbonyloxy) -butylene, 5-(carbonyloxy)pentylene, 6-(carbonyloxy)- 10 hexylene, 7-(carbonyloxy) heptylene, 8-(carbonyloxy)-octylene, 9-(carbonyloxy)nonylene, 10-(carbonyloxy)-decylene, 11-(carbonyloxy)undecylene, 12-(carbonyl¬oxy) dodecylene, 2-(carbonylimino) ethylene, 3-(carbonyl-imino)propylene, 4-(carbonylimino)butylene, 5- (carbonyl- 15 imino)pentylene, 6-(carbonylimino)hexylene, 7- (carbonyl-imino) heptylene, 8 - (carbonyl imino) octylene, 9 - (carbonyl -imino)nonylene, 10- (carbonylimino)decylene, 11-(carbonyl-imino)undecylene, 12- (carbonylimino)dodecylene, ^-imino-ethylene, 3-iminopropylene, 4-iminobutylene, 5-imino- 20 pentylene, 6-iminohexylene, 7-iminoheptylene, 8-imino-octylene, 9-iminononylene, 10-iminodecylene, 11-imino-undecylene, 12-iminododecylene, 2-iminocarbonylethylene, 3-iminocarbonylpropylene, 4-iminocarbonylbutylene, 5-imino-carbonylpentylene, 6-iminocarbonylhexylene, 7-imino- 25 carbonylheptylene, 8-iminocarbonyloctylene, 9-imino-carbonylnonylene, 10-iminocarbonyldecylene, 11-imino-carbonylundecylene, 12 -iminocarbonyldodecylene, 2- (2-ethyleneoxy) ethylene, 2- (3-propyleneoxy) ethylene, 6- (4-butyleneoxy)hexylene, 2- (2-ethyleneiminocarbonyl) - 30 ethylene, 2- (3-propyleneiminocarbonyl) ethylene, 6- (4-butyleneiminocarbonyl) hexylene, 6- (3-propyleneimino-carbonyloxy) hexylene, 6 - (3 -propyleneiininocarbonyl) hexylene and the like. It is preferred that the groups Zi are selected from a single covalent bond, -0-, -CO-0-, -0-C0-, -NR1-, -NR1-CO, -CO-NR1-, -NR1-CO-0-/ -0-CO-NR1-, -NR1-CO-NR1-, -CH=CH-, 5 -CsC-, -0-CO-o-and a straight-chain or branched alkylene group in which one to three non-adjacent alkylene -CH2-group are independently optionally replaced by a group -0-, -C0-0-, -0-C0-, ~CH=CH-, with the proviso that the total number of chain carbon atoms in the alkylene group does not 10 exceed 16, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl. It is especially preferred that the groups Zi are selected form a single covalent bond, -0-, -C0-0-, -0-C0-, -NR1-C0-, 15 -CO-NR1-, and a straight-chain or branched alkylene group in which one to three non-adjacent alkylene -CH2- group are independently optionally replaced by a group -0-, -C0-0-, -0-C0-, with the proviso that the total number of chain carbon atoms in the alkylene group does not exceed 12, 20 wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl. The photoactive groups preferably undergo photocyclisation reactions and are represented by the general formulae IIIa and IIIb: Y Q—S3~- Illb wherein the broken line indicates the point of linkage to Zi; and wherein S2 and S3 each independently of the other represent a single bond or a spacer unit such as a straight-chain or branched alkylene group which is unsubstituted, mono or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having 1 to 3 0 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a group A, with the proviso that oxygen atoms are not directly attached to each other; Q represents an oxygen atom or -NR1- wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl; E represents pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, 2,5-thiophenylene, 2,5-furanylene, 1,4- or 2,6-naphthylene; or phenylene; which is unsubstituted or mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine or by a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue which is unsubstituted mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having l to 18 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a group B; represents -OR3, -NR4R5 or an oxygen atom, which defines together with the ring E a coumarin unit, wherein R3, R4 and R5 are selected from hydrogen, cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkylene residue which is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a group A, or R4 and R5 together form a C5-8 alicyclic ring; 10 X, Y each independently of the other represents hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl optionally substituted by fluorine having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which optionally one or more non-adjacent alkyl 15 -CH2- groups are replaced by -0-, -CO-O-, -0-CO- and/or -CH=CH-; and R2 is hydrogen, or is a straight-chain or branched alkyl residue which is unsubstituted, mono-substituted by 20 cyano or fluorine, chlorine, or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having l to 18 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a group A. 25 It is preferred that the group E is selected from pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2, 5-diyl, 2, 5-thiophenylene, 2,5-furanylene, 1,4- or 2,6-naphthylene and phenylene, which is unsubstituted or substituted by a cyclic, 3 0 straight-chain or branched alkyl residue which is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine having form l to 12 carbon atoms in which optionally one or more non-adjacent alkyl -CH2- .groups are replaced by -0-, -CO-, -C0-0-, -0-CO-, -CH=CH- and C-C=C-. It is especially preferred that E is selected from 5 2,5-furanylene, 1,4- or 2,6-naphthylene and phenylene; which is unsubstituted or substituted by a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in which optionally one or more non-adjacent alkyl -CH2- groups are replaced by -0-, -CO-, -C0-0-, 10 -O-CO-, -CH=CH- and -C=C-. By the term "phenylene" it should be understood to include 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-phenylene, which is optionally substituted. It is preferred that the phenylene group is 15 either a 1,3- or a 1,4-phenylene. 1,4-phenylene groups are especially preferred. Preferred groups F are selected from -OR3 and -NR4R5, wherein R3 and R4 represent a cyclic, straight-chain or 2 0 branched alkyl residue which is unsubstituted, mono- or poly- substituted by fluorine, chlorine, cyano, having 1 to 18 carbons atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent alkyl -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by -O- or -CH=CH-, wherein R5 is selected from a hydrogen atom or a 25 cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue which is unsubstituted, mono- or poly- substituted by fluorine, chlorine, cyano, having 1 to 18 carbons atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent alkyl -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by -0- or -CH=CH-, or R4 and R5 together to 3 0 form a C5-8 alicyclic ring. It is especially preferred that F is selected from the group comprising -OR3 or -NHR4, wherein R3 and R4 represent a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue which is unsubstituted, mono- or poly- substituted by fluorine 5 atoms, having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent alkyl -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by -0-. Preferred groups Q are oxygen atom or -NH- . 10 It is especially preferred that Q is an oxygen atom. It is preferred that the groups X and Y represent hydrogen. 15 Preferred photoactive groups are groups of formula IIIa. It is preferred that the groups S2 and S3 are selected from a single covalent bond, -0-, -C0-0-, -0-C0-, -NR1-, -NR1-CO-, -C0-NR1-, -NR1 CO-O-, -0-CO-NR1-, -NR1-C0-NR1-, 20 -CH=CH-, -CsC-, -O-C0-O-and a straight-chain or branched alkylene group, which is optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from fluorine, chlorine and cyano and in which two or three non-adjacent alkylene -CH2- groups are independently optionally replaced by a group A with the 2 5 proviso that the total number of chain carbon atoms in the alkylene group does not exceed 24, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl. It is more preferred that S2 is selected from a single 30 covalent bond, -CO-0-, -O-C0-, - (CH2) r-> -(CH2)r-0-, -(CH2)r-C0-, -(CH2)r-C0-0-, -(CH2)r-0-C0-, -(CH2)r-CO-NR1-, -(CH2)r-NR1-C0-, -(CH2)r-NR1-, -0-(CH2)r-» -C0-0-(CH2)r-, -0-C0-(CH2)r-/ -NR1-CO-(CH2)r- -CO-NR1-(CH2)r-, -HR1-(CH2)r- -O-(CH2)r-CO-0-, -O-(CH2)r-O-C0-, -0-(CH2)r-CO-NRl-, -0-(CH2)r-NR1-, -0-(CH2)r-0-, -0-(CH2)r-NR1-C0-/ -NR1-(CH2)r-C0-O-, -NR1-(CH2)r-0- , 5 "NR1-(CH2)r-NR1-, -NR1-(CH2)r-0-C0-, -CO-NR1-(CH2)r-0-, -CO-NR1- -0-CO-(CH2)r-NR1-CO-, -(CH2)r"0-(CH2)s~/ 10 -{CH2)r-CO-0-(CH2)s-, -(CH2)r-0-CO- - (CH2)r-NRi-CO-(CH2)s-, -(CH2)r-NR1C0-0-(CH2)s-, -(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0-/ -(CH2)r-C0-O-(CH2)s-O-/ -(CH2)r-O-CO-(CH2)s-0- , -(CH2)r~NR1-CO-(CH2)s-0-, - (CH2) r-NR1 CO-O- (CH2) s-0- , -O- (CH2) r-0- (CH2) s- , 15 -O-(CH2)r-C0-0-(CH2)s-, -O-tCH^r-NRi-CO-fCH^s-, -0- (CH2)r-NR1-CO-0-(CH2)s-, -0-(CH2)rC00-(CH2)s-0-, -0-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0-, -O-(CH2)r-NR1-C0-(CH2)s-0-, -0-(CH2)r-NR1-CO-0-(CH2)s-0-, -CO-O-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s- and -C0-0(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0-, wherein R1 is as defined above, r 20 and s each represent an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 12, and r + s By the terms -(CH2)r-and -(CH2)S- it should be understood to include straight-chain or branched alkylene groupings 25 containing r or s carbon atoms respectively. It is especially preferred that S2 is selected from a single covalent bond, -(CH2)r-, -(CH2)r-0-, -(CH2)r-CO-0-, -(CH2)r-O-CO-, -(CH2)r-CO-NH-, -(CH2)r-NH-CO-, -0-(CH2)r-, -CO-0-(CH2)r-, -CO-NH-(CH2)r"» -0-C0- (CH2) x~ / -0-CO-(CH2)r-CO-0-, -O- (CH2) r-0-CO-, -0(CH2)rCO-NH-, -O-(CH2)r-NH-CO-, -CO-0-(CH2)r-0-, -CO-NH- (CH2) r-0- , "0- (CH2) r-0- , - (CH2) r-NH-CO- (CH2) s- , 5 -(CH2)r-NH-CO-Q-(CH2)s-, - (CH2) r-0-(CH2) s-0-, -(CH2) r-NH-CO-(CH2)s-0-/ - (CH2)r-NHCO-0-(CH2) s-0-, -0-(CH2) r-NH-CO-(CH2)s-/ -0-(CH2)r-0-(CH2) s-0-, -0-CO-(CH2)r-0-(CH2> s-0- , -CO-0-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)a-0-, -0-(CH2)rNH-CO-(CH2)s-0- and -0-CO- (CH2) r-NH-CQ- (CH2) s-0- , 10 wherein r and s each represent an integer from 1 to 12 and r + s Examples of preferred groups S2 include 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 15 1,7-heptylene, 1, 8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylene-carbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxycarbonyl, 3 -propylenecarbonyloxy, 5-pentyleneoxy, 5-pentyleneoxy- 20 carbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexylene oxy, 6-hexylene-oxycarbonyl, 5-pentylenecarbohyloxy, 7-heptyleneoxy, 7 -heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6 -hexyl ene carbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8-octyleneoxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyl-oxy, 9-nonylene oxy, 9-nonyleneoxycarbonyl, 8-octylene- 25 carbonyloxy, 10-decyleneoxy, 10-decyleneoxycarbonyl, 9-nonylene carbonyl oxy, 11-undecyleneoxy, 11-undecyleneoxy-carbonyl, 10-decylenecarbonyl oxy, 12-dodecyleneoxy, 12 -dodecyleneoxycarbonyl, 11-undecylene carbonyloxy, 3 -propyleneiminocarbonyl, 4-butyleneiminocarbonyl, 5-pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneiminocarbonyl, 7-heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 8-octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9 -nonyleneirninocarbonyl, 10 -decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11 -undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12 -dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonylimino, 3-propylenecarbonylimino, 4-butylenecarbonylimino, 5-pentylenecarbonylimino, 6-hexylenecarbonylimino, 7-heptylenecarbonylimino, 5 8~octylenecarbonylinu.no, 9-nonylenecarbonylimino, 10-decylenecarbonylimino, li-undecylenecarbonylimino, 6- (3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexylene, 6- (3-propylene-oxy) hexylene, 6 - (3 -propyleneoxy) hexyleneoxy, 6 - (3 -propyleneiminocarbonyloxy) hexyleneoxy, 6- (3 -propylene- 10 iminocarbonyl) hexyl, 6 - (3 -propyleneiminocarbonyl) hexyloxy, 1,2-ethylenedioxy, 1,3-propylenedioxy, 1,4-butylenedioxy, 1, 5-pentylenedioxy, 1, 6-hexylenedioxy, 1, 7-heptylenedioxy, 1, 8-octylenedioxy, 1, 9-nonylenedioxy, 1,10-decylenedioxy, 1,11-undecylenedioxy, 1,12-dodecylenedioxy and the like. 15 It is especially preferred that S3 is selected from a single covalent bond, -(CH2)r-, -(CH2)r-0-, -(CH2)r-CO-, -(CH2)r-CO-0-, - (CH2)r-O-C0-, -(CH2)r-CO-NR1-, -(CH2r-NR1-CO-, - (CH2) r-NR1- , - (CH2) r-0-(CH2) s-, 20 -(CH2)r-C0~0-(CH2)s-, - (CH2) r-0-C0- (CH2) s- , - (CH2) r-NR1-CO- (CH2) s- , - (CH2) r-NR1-CO-0- (CH2) 3- , -(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0-, -(CH2)r-CO-0-(CH2)s-0-, - (CH2) r-0-CO- (GH2) s-0- , - (CH2) r-NR1-CO- (CH2) s-0- , - (CH2) r-NR1i-CO-O-(CK2) s-O-, - (CH2) r-0~ (CH2) s-CO-0- and 25 - (CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0-CO-, wherein R1 is as defined herein above; r and s each represent an integer from 1 to 20; and r + s Examples of preferred groups S3 include, 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, 5 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylene-carbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxycarbonyl, 3 -propylene caxbonyl oxy, 5-pentylene oxy, 5-pentylene-oxycarbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexyleneoxy, 6-hexyleneoxycarbonyl, 5-pentylenecarbonyloxy, 10 7-heptyleneoxy, 7-heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6-hexylene-carbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8-octyleneoxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyloxy, 9-nonyleneoxy, 9-nonyleneoxy¬carbonyl, 8-octylenecarbonyloxy, 10-decylene oxy, 10-decyleneoxycarbonyl, 9-nonylenecarbonyloxy, 15 11-undecyleneoxy, 11-undecyleneoxycarbonyl, 10-decylene-carbonyloxy, 12-dodecyleneoxy, 12-dodecyl eneoxycarbonyl, 11-undecylenecarbonyloxy, 3 -propyleneirninocarbonyl, 4-butyleneiminocarbonyl, 5-pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneiminocarbonyl, 7-heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 2 0 8-octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9-nonyleneiminocarbonyl, 10 -decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11 -undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12 -dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonylindno, 3 -propylenecarbonylimino, 4 -butylenecarbonylimi.no, 5-pentylenecarbonylimino, 6-hexylenecarbonylimino, 25 7-heptylenecarbonylimino, 8-octylenecarbonylimino, 9-nonylenecarbonylimino, 10-decylenecarbonylimino, 11-undecylenecarbonylimino, 6- (3-propyleneirninocarbonyl -oxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneoxy)hexylene, 6- (3-propylene¬oxy) hexylene oxy, 6- (3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy) - 3 0 hexyleneoxy, 6- (3-propyleneirninocarbonyl) hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexyleneoxy and the like. Preferred monomer units from which the main chains of the side-chain polymers according to the invention are built up, are the imide groups of the general formulae IV, VI and VIII and/or the analogous amic acid groups and araic acid ester groups of the general formulae V, VII and IX: wherein: the broken line symbolises the linkage to Si; 10 T1 represents a tetravalent organic radical; T2, T3 each independently represent a trivalent aromatic or alicyclic group which is unsubstituted or 15 substituted by from fluorine, chlorine, cyano or by a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue which is unsubstituted mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may 20 independently be replaced by a group selected from -0-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH=CH- and -C=C-;' S4 to S8 each independently of the other represent a single bond or a spacer unit such as a straight-chain or branched alkylene group which is unsubstituted, mono -substituted by fluorine, chlorine, cyano or 5 poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a group B; 10 J is selected from the group comprising a nitrogen atom, a group -CR1-and an aromatic or alicyclic divalent, trivalent or tetravalent group, which is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by from fluorine, chlorine, cyano or by a cyclic, 15 straight-chain or branched alkyl residue which is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a group selected from -0-, -CO-, -C0-0-, 20 -O-CO-, -CH=CH- and -C=C-, wherein R1 is as defined above; K represents an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic divalent radical; and 25 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. 3 0 By the term "aliphatic" it should be understood to include saturated and unsaturated, straight-chain and branched alkyl groups, which may be optionally substituted and in which one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups are replaced by one or more heteroatoms. Optional substituents include alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, amino, cyano, epoxy, halogen, hydroxy, nitro and oxo. Examples of heteroatoms that can 5 replace the one or more -CH2- groups include nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Replacement nitrogen atoms may be further substituted with groups such as alkyl, aryl and cycloalkyl. 10 The tetravalent. organic radical T1is preferably derived from an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride. Alicyclic or aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides are preferably selected from 1,1,4,4 -butanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 15 ethylenemaleic acid dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclo-butanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic acid dianhydride, 3,5,6-tricarboxynorbornylacetic acid dianhydride, 2 0 2,3,4, 5-tetrahydrof urantetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, rel- [1S,5R,6R] -3-oxabicyclo[3 .2 .1] octane-2,4-dione-6-spiro--3' - (tetrahydrofuran-2' ,5' -dione) , 4- (2,5-dioxotetra-hydrofuran-3-yl) tetrahydronaphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid dianhydride, 5-(2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-3-methyl-25 -3-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid dianhydride, bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2, 3,5, 6-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3, 5, 6-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and 1, 8-dimethyl-bicyclo[2 .2.2]oct-7-ene-2, 3,5, 6-tetracarboxylic acid 3 0 dianhydride. Aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides are preferably selected from pyromellitic acid dianhydride, 3,3' ,4,4' -benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 4,4'-oxydiphthalic acid dianhydride, 3,3 ' ,4,4•-diphenyl-5 sulfonetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,4, 5, 8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 3,3' ,4,4' -dimethyldiphenylsilanetetr&carboxylic acid dian¬hydride, 3,3 ',4,4'-tetraphenylsilanetetracarboxylic acid 10 dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-furantetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 4~41 bis, 4 -dTicarboxyphenoxy) diphenyl sulFide diaimhydride, 4,4' -bis (3,4 -dicarboxyphenoxy) diphenyl sulfone dianhydride, 4,4' -bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) diphenylpropane dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 15 ethylene glycol bis(trimellitic acid) dianhydride, 4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(phthalic acid) dianhydride, 4,4'-(1,3-phenylene) bis (phthalic acid) dianhydride, 4,4'- (hexaf luoroisopropylidene) diphthalic acid dianhydride, 4,4'-oxydi(1,4-phenylene) bis(phthalic acid) dianhydride and' 20 4,4' -methylenedi(1,4-phenylene)bis (phthalic acid) dianhydride. It is especially preferred that the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides used to form the tetravalent organic radical 25 Ti are selected from 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic acid dian¬hydride, 5- (2, 5-dioxotetrahydrofuran-3 -yl) -3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-l,2-dicarboxylic acid dianhydride, 3 0 4- (2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl) tetrahydronaphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid dianhydride, 4,4'-(hexafluoro¬isopropylidene) diphthalic acid dianhydride and bicyclo-[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5, 6-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride. Each of the groups T2 and T3 can be derived from an ali¬phatic, alicyclic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride. 5 The groups T2 and T3 are preferably trivalent aromatic or alicyclic groups, the three valencies of which are distributed between three different carbon atoms, with the proviso that two of the valencies are located at adjacent carbon atoms. It is especially preferred that the groups T2 10 and T3 are trivalent benzene derivatives. The group S4 is preferably selected from a single covalent bond, -(CH2)r-. -(CH2)r-0-, -(CH2)r-CO-, -(CH2)r-C0-0-, -(CH2)r-0-CO-, -(CH2)r-CO-NR1-, -(CH2)r-NR1-CO-, 15 -(CH2)r-NR1-, - (CH2) r-0- (CH2) s- , -(CH2)r-C0-0-(CH2)s-, - (CH2) r-0-CO- (CH2) s" , ~ (CH2) r-NR1-- (CH2) s- , - (CH2) r-NRl-CO-0- (CH2) s- , - (CH2) r-0- (CH2) a-0- , - (CH2) r-C0-0- (CH2) s-O- , - (CH2) r-0-CO- (CH2) s-0- , -(CH2)r-NRl-CO-(CH2)s-0-, -(CH2)r-NRl-CO-0-(CH2)s-0-, 20 -(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-CO-0- and - (CH2) T-0- (CH2) s-0-CO-, wherein R1 is as defined herein above, r and s each represent an integer from 1 to 20, and r + s 25 Examples'of preferred groups S4 include 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, 30 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylene-carbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxycarbonyl, . 3-propylenecarbonyloxy, 5-pentyle'neoxy, 5-pentylene-oxycarbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexyleneoxy, 6-hexyleneoxycarbonyl, 5 -pentylenecarbonyloxy, 7-heptyleneoxy, 7-heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6-hexylene-5 carbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8-octyleneoxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyloxy, 9-nonyleneoxy, 9-nonylene-oxycarbonyl, 8-octylenecarbonyloxy, 10-decyleneoxy, 10 -decyleneoxycarbonyl, 9 -nonylenecarbonyloxy, 11-undecyleneoxy, ll-undecyleneoxycarbonyl, 10-decylene- 10 carbonyloxy, 12-dodecyleneoxy, 12-dodecyleneoxycarbonyl, 11-undecylenecarbonyloxy, 3 -propyleneiminocarbonyl, 4 - butyl eneiminocarbonyl, 5 -pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneirainocarbonyl, 7 -heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 8-octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9-nonyleneiminocarbonyl, 15 10-decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11-undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12 -dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2 -ethylenecarbonylind.no, 3 - propyl enecarbonylimino, 4 -butylenecarbonyl imino, 5-pentylenecarbonylimino, 6-hexylenecarbonylimino, 7-heptylenecarbonylind.no, 8-octylenecarbonylimino, 20 9-nonylenecarbonylimino, 10-decyl enecarbonylimino, 11-undecyl enecarbonylimino, 6- (3-propyl eneiminocarbonyl-oxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneoxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propylene-oxy) hexyleneoxy, 6- (3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy) -hexyleneoxy, 6 - (3 -propyleneiminocarbonyl) hexylene, 25 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexyleneoxy and the like. The groups S5 and S8 are preferably selected from a single bond, -(CH2)r-. -0-(CH2)r-, -CO-(CH2)r-. -CO-O- (CH2) r-, -0-CQ-(CH2)r-, -NR1-CO- (CH2)r-f -NR1-(CH2) r-, 30 -C0-NR1-(CH2)r-/ -NRl-C0-(CH2)r-, - (CH2) r-0- (CH2) s- , - (CH2) r-C0-0- (CH2) s- , - (CH2) r-0-CO- (CH2) s-, -(CH2)r-NR1-CO-{CH2)s-, -(CH2)r-NR1C0-0-(CH2)s-, -0- (CH2) r-0- (CH2) s-, -0- (CH2) r-CQ-0- (CH2) s-., -0- (CH2) r-0-C0- (CH2) s-, -0- (CH2) r-NR1-CO- (CH2) s- , -0-(CH2)r-NR1-CO-0-(CH2)s-l -0-CO- (CH2) r-0- (CH2) s" and -CO-0-(CH2)r-0--(CH2) S-, wherein R1 is defined as herein 5 above, r and s each represent an integer from l to 20, and r + s 10 Examples of preferred groups S5 and S8 include 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, l,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, 2-oxyethylene, 3-oxypropylene, 15 4-oxybutylene, 5-oxypentylene, 6-oxyhexylene, 7-oxy- heptylene, 8-oxyoctylene, 9-oxynonylene, 10-oxydecylene, 11-oxyundecy1ene, 12-oxydodecylene, 2-(oxycarbonyl)-ethylene, 3-(oxycarbonyl)propylene, 4-(oxycarbonyl) -butyl ene, 5-(oxycarbonyl)pentylene, 6-(oxycarbonyl)- 2 0 hexylene, 7-(oxycarbonyl) heptylene, 8-(oxycarbonyl)-octylene, 9-(oxycarbonyl)nonylene, 10-(oxycarbonyl)-decylene, 11 - (oxycarbonyl) undecylene, 12 - (oxycarbonyl) -dodecylene, 2 -(carbonyloxy)ethylene, 3 -(carbonyloxy)-propylene, 4-(carbonyloxy)butylene, 5-(carbonyloxy)- 25 pentylene, 6-(carbonyloxy)hexylene, 7-(carbonyloxy)-heptylene, 8-(carbonyloxy)octylene, 9~(carbonyloxy)-nonylene, 10-(carbonyloxy)decylene, 11-(carbonyloxy)-undecylene, 12-(carbonyloxy)dodecylene, 2-(carbonyl¬imino) ethylene, 3-(carbonylimino)propylene, 4-(carbonyl- 30 imino)butylene, 5-(carbonylimino)pentylene, 6-(carbonyl¬imino) hexylene, 7-(carbonylimino)heptylene, 8-(carbonyl-imino)octylene, 9-(carbonylimino)nonylene, 10-(carbonyl- imino)decylene, 11-(carbonylimino)undecylene, 12-(carbonyl-indno) dodecylene, 2 - iminoethylene, 3 - iminopropylene, 4-iminobutylene, 5-iminopentylene, 6-iminohexylene, 7-iminoheptylene, 8-iminooctylene, 9-iminononylene, 5 10-iminodecylene, 11-iminoundecylene, 12-iminododecylene, 2-iminocarbonylethylene, 3-iminocarbcnylpropylene, 4-imino-carbonylbutylene, 5-iminocarbonylpenfcylene, 6-imino-carbonylhexylene, 7-iminocarbonylheptylene, 8-imino-carbonyloctylene, 9-iminocarbonylnonylene, 10-imino- 10 carbonyldecylene, 11-iminocarbonylundecylene, 12-imino-carbonyldodecylene, 2- (2-ethyleneoxy) ethylene, 2- (3-propyleneoxy) ethylene, 6- (4-butyleneoxy) hexylene, 2- (2-ethyleneiminocarbonyl) ethylene, 2- (3-propyleneimino-carbonyl) ethylene, 6- (4-butyleneiminc?carbonyl) hexylene, 15 6- (3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy) hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl) hexylene and the like. The groups S6 and S7 are preferably selected from a single bond, -(CH2)r- -(CH2)r-0-, -(CH2)r-CO-, - (CH2) r-CO-0-, 20 -(CH2)r-0-C0-, -(CH2) r-CO-NR1-, - (CH2) r-NRl-CO- , -(CH2)r-NR1-, -0-(CH2)r-, -CO-O- (CH2) - , -O-CO-(CH2) r-, -NR1-CO- (CH2) r- , -CO-NR1- (CH2) r- , -NR1- (CH2) r- , -0-(CH2) r-C0-0-, -0-(CH2)r-0-CO-, -0- (CH2) r-CO-NR1- , -0-(CH2)r-NR1-, -0-(CH2)r-0-, -O-(CH2)r-NR1CO-, 25 -NR1-(CH2) r-CO-O-, -NR1- (CH2) r-0- , -NR1- (CH2) r-NR1- , -NR1-(CH2)r-0-C0-, -CO-NR1-(CH2) r-0-, -CO-NR1- (CH2) r-NR1- , -CO-NR1-(CH2)r-0-C0-, -0-C0(CH2)r-C0-, -O-CO-(CH2) r-0-, -O-C0- (CH2) r-NR1- , -O-CO- (CH2) r-CO-0- , -O-CO- (CH2) r-CO-NR1- , -0-C0- (CH2) r-NR1-'CO- , - (CH2) r-0- (CH2) a- / 30 -(CH2)r-CO-0-(CH2)S-, -(CH2)r-0-CO-(CH2) B-> - (CH2) r-NR1-CO- (CH2) s-, - (CH2) r-NR1-CO-O- (CH2) s" , -(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0-, -(CH2)r-CO-0-(CH2)s-0-, - (CH2) r-0-C0- (CH2) s-O- , - (CH2) r-NR^-CO- (CH2) B-0- , - (CH2) r-NR1 CO-O- (CH2) s-0- , -O- (CH2) r-0- (CH2) s- » -0- (CH2)r-CO-0-(CH2)s- , -0-(CH2) r-NR1-CO-(CH2)s- , 5 -0"(CH2)r-NR1-CO-0-(CH2)s-, -0-(CH2)r-C0-0- (CH2)s-0-, -O- (CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0-, -O-(CH2)r-NR1-CO-(CH2)s-0-, -O- (CH2)r-NR1-CO-0- (CH2)s-0-, -CO-O- (CH2)r-0- (CH2)s-, -CO-0-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0-, wherein R1 is defined as herein above; r and s each represent an integer from 1 to 20; and 10 r + s Examples of preferred groups Sg and S7 include 15 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxy- 2 0 carbonyl, 3-propylenecarbonyloxy, 5-pentyleneoxy, 5-pentyleneoxycarbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexyleneoxy, 6-hexyleneoxycarbonyl, 5-pentylene-carbonyloxy, 7-heptyleneoxy, 7-heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6-hexylenecarbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8-octylene-25 oxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyloxy, 9-nonyleneoxy, 9-nonyleneoxycarbonyl, 8-octylenecarbonyloxy, 10-decylene-oxy, 10-decyleneoxycarbonyl, 9-nonylenecarbonyloxy, 11-undecyleneoxy, 11-undecyleneoxycarbonyl, 10-decylene-carbonyloxy, 12 -dodecyl eneoxy, 12-dodecyleneoxycarbonyl, 3 0 ll-undecylenecarbonyloxy, 3-propyleneiminocarbonyl, 4-butyleneiminocarbonyl, 5-pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneiminocarbonyl, 7-heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 8-octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9-nonyleneiminocarbonyl, 10-decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11-undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12-dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonylimino, 5 3-propyl enecarbonylimino, 4-butylenecarbonylimino, 5-pentylenecarbonylimino, 6-hexylenecarbonylimino, 7-heptylenecarbonylimino, 8-octylenecarbonylimino, 9 -nonylenecarbonylimino, 10 -decylenecarbonylimino, 11-undecyl enecarbonylimino, 6- (3-propyl eneiminocarbonyl- 10 oxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneoxy)hexylene, 6- (3-propylene-oxy)hexyleneoxy, 6- (3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy) -hexyleneoxy, 6 - (3 -propyleneiminocarbonyl) hexylene, 6- (3-propyleneiminocarbonyl) hexyleneoxy, 1, 2-ethylenedioxy, 1,3-propylenedioxy, 1,4-butyl enedioxy, 1,5-pentylenedioxy, 15 l,6-hexylenedioxy, 1,7-heptylenedioxy, 1,8-octylenedioxy, 1,9-nonylenedioxy, 1,10-decylenedioxy, 1,11-undecylene¬dioxy, 1,12-dodecylenedioxy and the like. The aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic divalent radical K is 20 derivable from aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic diamines by formal removal of the amino groups. Examples of aliphatic or alicyclic diamines from which the radical K can be derived include ethylenediamine, 1, 3-propylenediamine, 1,4-butylenediamine, 1,5-pentylenediamine, 1,6-hexylene-25 diamine, 1, 7-heptylenediamine, 1, 8-octylenediamine, 1,9-nonylenediamine, 1,10-decylenediamine, 1,11-undecylene-diamine, 1,12-dodecylenediamine, a, a' -diamino-jn-xylene, a,a' -diamino-p-xylene, (5-amino2,2,4-trimethylcyclo-pentyl) methylamine, 1, 2-diaminocyclohexane, 4,4' -diamino-3 0 dicyclohexylmethane, 1,3-bis (methylamino) cyclohexane and 4,9-dioxadodecane-l,12-diamine. Examples'of aromatic diamines from which the radical K can be derived include 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid'methyl ester, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid hexyl ester, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid dodecyl ester, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid isopropyl 5 ester, 4,4'-methylenedianiline, 4,4'-ethylenedianiline, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyldiphenylmethane, 3,3',5,5'-tetra- methylbenzidine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 1,5- diaminonaphthalene, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl 10 ether, 3,3'-diaminobenzophenone, 4,4'-diaminobenzophenone, 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-dimethylbibenzyl, bis [4-(4-aminophenoxy)-phenyl] sulfone, 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)-benzene, 2,7-diaminofluorene, 9,9-bis (4-aminophenyl)- 15 fluorene, 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) , 4,4'-bis(4-aminophenoxy)biphenyl, 2,2',5,5'-tetrachloro--4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2'-dichloro-4,4'-diamino--5,5'-dimethoxybiphenyl, 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-diamino-biphenyl, 4,4'-(l,4-phenyleneisopropylidene)bisaniline, 20 4,4•-(1,3-phenyleneisopropylidene)bisaniline, 2,2-bis [4-(4-aminophehoxy)phenyl]propane, 2,2-bis [3- (4-aminophenoxy)phenyl] hexaf luoropropane, 2,2-bis [3-amino-4-methylphenyl] hexaf luoropropane, 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane, 25 2, 2'-bis- [4- (4-amino-2 -trifluoromethylphenoxy) phenyl] hexa-fluoropropane, 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-biphenyl, and 4,4'-bis[(4-amino-2-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]--2,3,5,6,2",3',5",6'-octafluorobiphenyl. 3 0 The group J may be divalent, trivalent or tetravalent. When J is divalent, it serves to link the groups S4 and S5, S6 and S7 or S8 and N respectively of the groups IV to IX. It will be appreciated that when J is a divalent group, the monomer unit of which it forms a part is not linked to a side chain group of formula la, lb or combination of them. When J is a trivalent or a tetravalent group, it serves to link the monomer unit, of which it forms a part, to one or 5 two side chain groups of formulae la, lb or combination of them respectively. It is preferred that the photoactive polymer comprises less than 75 % of monomer units including a divalent group J, preferably less than 50 % and espe¬cially less than 30 %. Monomer units comprising a trivalent 10 group J are preferred. The building blocks of the formulae V, VII and IX are amic acid groupings or amic acid ester groupings (i.e. carboxamide-carboxylic acid groupings or carboxamide- 15 carboxylic acid ester groupings) which on the one hand may occur as a result of incomplete imidisation in the polyimide chain. On the other hand, polymers that consist only of building blocks of formulae V, VII or IX, that is to say polyamic acids or polyamic acid esters, are 20 important precursors for the preparation of the polyimides according to the invention and are also included in the present invention. Of those polymers which contain groups of formulae V, VII or IX, preference is given to those in which G is hydrogen, that is to say those which consist 25 exclusively of, or contain some, polyamic acid groups. The polymers of the invention may be prepared using methods that are known to a person skilled in the art and.a second aspect of the invention provides a method of preparing a 30 compound as defined above. Polyamic acids and polyimides of the present invention may be prepared in accordance with known methods, such as those described in Plast. Eng. .36 (1996) (Polyimides, fundamen¬tals and applications). For example, the polycondensation reaction for the prepara-5 tion of the polyamic acids is carried out in solution in a polar aprotic organic solvent, such as y-butyrolactone, N,N- dime thylacet amide, N-methylpyrrolidone or N, N- dime thy 1-formamide. In most cases equimolar amounts of the dian-hydride and the diamine are used, that is to say one amino 10 group per anhydride group. If it is desired to stabilise the molecular weight of the polymer, it is possible for that purpose to add an excess or a less-than-stoichiometric amount of one of the two components or to add a monofunc-tional compound in the form of a dicarboxylic acid monoan- 15 hydride or in the form of a monoamine. Examples of such monofunctional compounds are maleic acid anhydride, phthalic acid anhydride, aniline and so on. The reaction is carried out preferably at a temperature of less than 100 °C. 20 The cyclisation of the polyamic acids to form the polyimides can be carried out by heating, that is to say by condensation with removal of water or by other imidisation reactions with reagents. When carried out purely thermally, 2 5 the imidisation of the polyamic acids is not always complete, that is to say the resulting polyimides may still contain proportions of polyamic acid. The imidisation reactions are generally carried out at a temperature of from 60 to 250 °C, but preferably at less than 200 °C. In 3 0 order to achieve imidisation at rather lower temperatures there are additionally mixed into the reaction mixture reagents that facilitate the removal of water. Such reagents are, for example, mixtures consisting of acid anhydrides, such as acetic acid anhydride, propionic acid anhydride, phthalic acid anhydride, trifluoroacetic acid anhydride, and tertiary amines, such as triethylamine, 5 trimethyl amine, tributylamine, pyridine, N,N- dimethyl -aniline, lutidine, collidine etc. The amount of reagents used in that case is preferably at least two equivalents of amine and four equivalents of acid anhydride per equivalent of polyamic acid to be condensed. 10 The imidisation reaction can be carried out before or alternatively only after application to a support. The polyamic acids and the polyimides of the present 15 invention have an intrinsic viscosity preferably in range of 0.05 to 10 dL/g, more preferably 0.05 to 5 dL/g. Herein, the intrinsic viscosity is determined by measuring a solution containing a polymer in a concentra¬tion of 0.'5 g/100 ml for its viscosity at 30 °C using 20 .N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as solvent. The polyamic acid chains or polyimide chains of the present invention preferably contain from 2 to 2000 monomer units, especially from 3 to 200. 25 Additives such as silane-containing compounds and epoxy-containing crosslinking agents may be added to the polymers of the invention in order to improve the adhesion of the polymer-to a substrate. Suitable silane-containing 30 compounds are described in fast. Eng. 36 (1996) (Polyimides, fundamentals and applications). Suitable epoxy-containing crosslinking agents include 4,4' -methylenebis {Nt W-diglycidylaniline) , trimethylol- propane triglycidyl ether,. benzene-1, 2, 4,.5-tetracarboxylic . acid 1,2:4, 5-N,N'-diglycidyldiimide, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, N, N-diglycidylcyclohexylamine and the like. 5 Further additives such as a photosensitiser, a photoradical generator and/or a cationic photoinitiator may also be added to the polymers of the invention. Suitable photo¬active additives include 2,2-dimethoxyphenylethanone, a 10 mixture of diphenylmethanone and N,N-dimethylbenzenamine or ethyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate, xanthone, thioxanthone, IRGACDRE™ 184, 369, 500, 651 and 907 (Ciba) , Michler' s ketone, triaryl sulfonium salt and the like. 15 The polymers according to the invention may be used alone or in combination with other polymers, oligomers, monomers, photoactive polymers, photoactive oligomers and/or photo¬active monomers, depending upon the application to which the polymer layer is to be put. It will therefore be . 20 appreciated that by varying the composition of the polymer layer it is possible to control properties such as an induced pretilt angle, good surface wetting, high voltage holding ratio, a specific anchoring energy etc. 25 Polymer layers may be readily prepared from the polymers of the present invention and a third aspect of the invention provides a polymer layer comprising a polymer according to the present invention in a crosslinked form. The polymer layer is preferably prepared by applying one or more 3 0 polymers according to the invention to a support and, after any imidisation step which may be necessary, crosslinking the polymer or polymer mixture by irradiation with linearly polarised light. It is possible to vary the direction of orientation and the tilt angle within the polymer layer by controlling the direction of irradiation of the linearly polarised light. It will be appreciated that by selectively irradiating specific regions of the polymer layer it is 5 possible to align very specific regions of the layer and provide layers with a defined angle of tilt. This orientation and tilt is retained in the polymer layer by the process of crosslinking. 10 It will be appreciated that the polymer layers of the present invention can also be used as orientation layers for liquid crystals and a preferred embodiment of the third aspect of the invention provides an orientation layer comprising one or more polymers according to the invention 15 in a crosslinked form. Such orientation layers can be used in the manufacture of optical constructional elements, preferably in the production of hybrid layer elements. The orientation layers are suitably prepared from a 20 solution of the polymer material. The polymer solution is applied to a support optionally coated with an electrode (for example a glass plate coated with indium-tin oxide (ITO) ) so that homogeneous layers of 0.05 to 50 urn thickness are produced. In this process different coating 25 techniques like spincoating, miniscuscoating, wirecoating, slotcoating, offsetprinting, flexoprinting, gravurprinting may be used. Then, or optionally after prior imidisation, the regions to be oriented can be irradiated, for example, with a high-pressure mercury vapour lamp, a xenon lamp or a 3 0 pulsed UV laser, using a polarizer and optionally a mask for creating images of structures. The irradiation time is dependent upon the output of the individual lamps and can vary from a few seconds to several hours. The dimerisation can also be carried out, however, by irradiation of the homogeneous layer using filters that, for example, allow only the radiation suitable for the crosslinking reaction to pass through. 5 It will be appreciated that the polymer layers of the invention may be used in the production of optical or electro-optical devices having at least one orientation layer as well as unstructured and structured optical 10 elements and multi-layer systems. A further embodiment of the third aspect of the invention provides an optical or electro-optical device comprising one or more polymers according to the first aspect of the 15 invention in crosslinked form. The electro-optical devices may comprise more than one layer. The or each of the orientation layer3 may contain one or more regions of different spatial orientation. 20 The polymers in accordance with the invention are illustrated in more detail by the following Examples. 25 Example 1 79.0 mg (0.403 mmol) of 1,2,3,4-cyclobutantetracarboxylic acid dianhydride was added to a solution of 850.0 mg (0.446 mmol) of 6-{ [3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(8-{2-methoxy-4-[(IE) -3 0 3 -methoxy-3 -oxo-1-propenyl] phenoxy} octyl) oxy] benzyl} oxy) benzoyl] oxy}hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate in 1.40 ml of tetra-hydrofurane. Stirring was then carried out at 0 °C for 2 hours. Then another 8.8 mg (0.045 mmol) of 1,2,3,4-cyclobutantetracarboxylic acid dianhydride were added. The mixture was subsequently allowed- to react for 22 hours at room temperature. The polymer mixture was diluted with 1.5 ml THF, precipitated into 100 ml diethyl ether and 5 collected by filtration. The polymer was reprecipitated form THF (10 ml) into 200 ml water to yield, after drying at room temperature under vacuum, 0.76 g of Polyamic Acid 1 in'the from of a beige powder; =0.17 dL/g. 10 The 6-{[3,S-bis({3f5-bis[(8-{2-m'ethoxy-4-[(lE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl] phenoxyjoctyl) oxy]benzyl}oxy)benzoyl] oxy}-hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate used as starting material was prepared in accordance with the following procedure. 15 Preparation of methyl (2E) -3- (4- [ (8-chloroctyl) oxy] -3-methoxyphenyl}- 2 -propenoate 20.0 g (96.06 mmol) methyl (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate, 16.6 g (100.9 mmol) 8-chlor-l- 20 octanol and 27.7 g (105.7 mmol) of triphenylphosphine were dissolved in 400 ml of tetrahydrofurane. The colorless solution was subsequently cooled to 0 °C and 46.0 g (105.7 mmol) of a 40 % solution of azodicarboxylic acid diethyl ester in toluene was added dropwise thereto over a 2 5 period of 25 minutes. The mixture was subsequently allowed to react for 4 hours at 0 °C. The reaction mixture reduced in volume by evaporation. The resulting residue was added to a mixture of methanol and water (3:2) and was then extracted with a mixture of tert. -butyl -methylether: hexane 30 1:1. The tert.-butyl-methylether:hexane phase was washed repeatedly with water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation. The crude product was.recrystallised from 2-rpropanol yielded 3 0.8 g {90 %) methyl (2E)-3-{4-{(8-chloroctyl)oxyj-3-methoxy-phenyl}-2-propenoate as white crystals. 5 Preparation of methyl (2E)-3-{4-[(8-iodoctyl)oxy]-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate 26.8 g (75.52 mraol) methyl (2E)-3-{4-[(8-chloroctyl)oxy3-3-methoxyphenyl} -2-propenoate was dissolved in 1000 ml 10 acetone. 65.16 g (435.15 mmol) sodium iodide were added. The reaction suspension was heated at reflux temperature for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was partitioned between diethylether and water. The organic phase was washed repeatedly with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered 15 and concentrated by rotary evaporation. The crude product was recrystallised from 2-propanol yielded 30.1 g (90 %) methyl (2E)-3-{4- [ (8-iodoctyl)oxy] -3-methoxyphenyl}-2-propenoate as white crystals, 20 Preparation of 3,5-bis(8-{2-methoxy-4-[(1E)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl] phenoxy}octyl) oxy] benzyl alcohol 5.87 g (13.15 mmol) methyl (2E)-3-{4-[(B-iodoctyl)oxy]-3-methoxyphenyl}-1-propenoate, 0.872 g (6.26 mmol) 25 3,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol were dissolved in 50 ml N,N-dimethylformamide. 4.33 g' (31.31 mmol) potassium carbonate were added. The reaction suspension was then heated at reflux temperature for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and a saturated sodium 30 chloride solution. The organic phase was washed repeatedly with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation. Chromatography of the residue on 240 g silica gel using first toluene: ethyl acetate (4:1) then (7:3.) yielded 2.15 g (42 %) 3,5-bis[(8-{2-methoxy-4- [ (1E) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl]phenoxy}-octyl)oxy]benzyl alcohol as colorless oil. 5 Preparation of 6-chlorhexyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate 1.541 g (10.0 mmol) 3,5-dihyroxybenzoic acid, 2.732 g (20.0 mmol) 6-chlor-l-hexanol were dissolved in 20 ml toluene, and 0.2 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid was added 10 thereto. The reaction mixture was then heated at reflux temperature for 2 0 hours, and was partitioned between ethyl acetate and a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase was washed repeatedly with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated by rotary evapo- 15 ration. Chromatography of the residue'on 120 g silica gel using cyclohexane:ethyl acetate (7:3) as eluant yielded 2.3 g (84 %) of 6-chlorohexyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate as orange oil. 20 Preparation of 5- [ (3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] hexyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate 1.960 g (9.2 mmol) 3/5-dinitrobenzoic acid was suspended in 10 ml N,N-dimethylformamide. 1.407 g (9.2 mmol) 25 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4 . 0]undec-7-ene (1, 5-5) (DBU) were added dropwise over a period of 10 minutes, and 0.708 g (1.9 mmol) tetrabutylammonium iodide were added. A solution of 2.3 g (8.2 mmol) 6-chlorohexyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate and 15 ml N,N-dimethylformamide were added and the resulting 3 0 mixture was then heated to 84 °C for 22 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and then partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic phase was washed repeatedly with water, dried- over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation. Chromatography of the residue on 110 g silica gel using first cyclohexane:ethyl acetate (7:3) then (3:2) as eluant yielded 2.3 g (56 %) of 6- [ (3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)oxy]hexyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate as 5 yellow crystals. Preparation of 6- [ (3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] hexyl 3,5-bis({3,5-bisf(8-{2-methoxy-4-[(IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl]phenoxy}octyl)oxy]benzyl}oxy} benzoate 10 0.488 g (1.09 mmol) of 6-[ (3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)oxy}hexyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate, 0.601 g (2.29 mmol) triphenyl-phosphine were dissolved in 20 ml tetrahydrofurane. 1,694 g (2.18 mmol) 3,5-bis[(8-{2-methoxy-4-[(1E)-3-methoxy-3-oxo- 15 1-propenyl3phenoxy}octyl) oxy]benzyl alcohol were added, the resulting suspension was heated of 40 °C- After dissolution the reaction solution was cooled to o °C and 1.01 g (2.32 mmol) of a 40 % solution of azodicarboxylic acid diethyl ester in toluene was added dropwise thereto over a 2 0 period of 5 minutes. The mixture was subsequently allowed to react for 2 hours at 0 °C and 1 hours at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was then partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic phase was washed repeatedly with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated 25 by rotary evaporation. First chromatography of the residue on 120 g silica gel using toluene:ethyl acetate (9:1) as eluant and second chromatography on 40 g LiChroprep RP-18 using Acetonitrile:tetrahydrofurane (9:1) as eluant yielded 1.50 g (67.0 %) of 6-[(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)oxy]hexyl 3,5- 3 0 bis({,f5-bis[(8-{2-methoxy-4-[(1E)~3-methoxy-3-oxo-l- propenyl]phenoxy}octyl)oxy]benzyl}oxy} benzoate as colorless oil. Preparation of 6-{[3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(8-{2~methoxy-4-[(IE) -3 -methoxy-3-oxo-1 -propenyl] phenpxy}octyl) oxy] benzyl)oxy) -benzoyl]oxy}hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate 5 1.436 g (0.73 mmol) 6-[(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)oxy]hexyl 3,5-bis ({3,5-bis [ (8-{2-methoxy-4-[(IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl]phenoxy}octyl) oxy]benzyl}oxy} benzoate were dissolved in a mixture of 10.5 ml N,N-dimethylformamide and 0.8 ml water. 1.188 g (4.40 mmol) Ferric chloride 10 hexahydrate and 0.716 g (10.95 mmol) Zinc powder were added, the temperature rise to 43 °C. The mixture was allowed to react for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was then partitioned between ethyl acetate and water and filtered. The organic phase was washed repeatedly with water, dried 15 over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation. Chromatography of the residue on 55 g silica gel using dichloromethane:acetone (9:1) as eluant yielded 0.87 g (62%) of 6-{[3,5-bis({3/5-bis[(8-{2-methoxy-4-[ (IE) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl]phenoxy}octyl) oxy] benzyl}- 20 oxy)benzoyl]oxyjhexyl 3, 5-diaminobenzoate as brown oil. The following diamines can be synthesized in a analogous manner: 25 6-{[3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(6-{2-methoxy-4-[(IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl] phenoxy}hexyl) oxy]benzyl}oxy) benzoyl] oxyjhexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 6-{[3,5-bis({3,4,5-tris[(6-{2-methoxy-4-[(1E)-3-methoxy-3-3 0 oxo-1 -propenyl] phenoxy} hexyl) oxy] benzyl} oxy) benzoyl] oxy} -hexyl 3, 5-diaminobenzoate; S-{ [3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(6-{2-methoxy-4- [(IE) -3- (pentyloxy) -3-oxo-l-propenyl] phenoxy}hexyl) oxy] benzyl}oxy)benzoyl] oxy} -hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 5 6-{ [3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(6-{2-methoxy-4~ [(1E)-3- [(2-ethyl-pentyl) oxy] -3-oxo-1-propenyl] phenoxy}hexyl) oxy] benzyl} -oxy) benzoyl] oxy}hexyl 3, 5 -diaminobenzoate; 6-{ [3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(ll-{2-methoxy-4- [ (IE) -3-methoxy-3-10 oxo-l-propenyl] phenoxy}undecyl) oxy]benzyl}oxy) benzoyl] -oxy}hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 6-{ [3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(ll-{2-methoxy-4- [(1E) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] phenoxy }undecyl) oxy] benzyl}oxy) benzoyl] -15 oxy}hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 6-{ [3,5-bis({3,4-bis[(6-{2-methoxy-4- [(1E) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] phenoxy}hexyl) oxy]benzyl]oxy)benzoyl] oxy}hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 20 6-{ [3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(8-{2-methoxy-4- [(IE) -3-hexyloxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] phenoxy}octyl) oxy] benzyl}oxy) benzoyl] oxy} -hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 25 11-{ [3/5-bis({3,5-bis[ (6- {2-methoxy-4- [(IE) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] phenoxy}hexyl) oxy] benzyl}oxy) benzoyl] oxy} -undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 2-{ [3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(6-{2-methoxy-4- [(IE) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-30 l-propenyl] phenoxy}hexyl)oxy]benzyl]oxy)benzoyl]oxyjethyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 6-{ [3,5-bis({3,5-bis[.(6-{4-[(lE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] phenoxy} hexyl) oxy] benzyl} oxy) benzoyl] oxy} hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 5 6-{[3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(6-{2-(cyclohexylmethoxy)-4-[(IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] phenoxy}hexyl)oxy]benzyl}oxy) -benzoyl]oxy]hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 6-{[3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(6-{2-methoxy-4-[(IE)-3-(pentyloxy)-3-10 oxo-1-propenyl] phenoxy}hexyl) oxy] benzyl}oxy)benzoyl] oxy} -hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 6-{[3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(6-[({4-[(1E)~3-methoxy-3-oxo-i-propenyl] benzoyl}oxy) hexyl] oxy] benzyl}oxy) benzoyl] oxy} -15 hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 4-(2,5-diaminophenoxy)butyl 3,5-bis{[3,5-bis(4-{4-[(1E)-3-methoxy-3-bxo-1-propenyl] phenoxy} but oxy) benzyl] oxy} -benzoate; 20 2,2'-bis({[3,5-bis{[3, 5-bis (4-{4-[(IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] phenoxy}butoxy) benzyl] oxy]benzoyl] oxy}hexyloxy) -1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine. 25 Example 2 0.50 g of Polyamic Acid 1 obtained in Example 1 were dissolved in 3 ml of tetrahydrofurane. Thereto were added 30 73 mg (0.92 mmol) of pyridine and 94 mg (0.92 mmol) acetic acid anhydride, and the dehydration and ring closure was carried out at reflux temperature for 2 hours. The polymer mixture was diluted with 1.5 ml THF, precipitated into 100 ml diethyl ether and collected by filtration. The polymer was reprecipitated form THF (10 ml) into 200 ml water to yield, After drying at room temperature under vacuum, to yield Polyimide l. 5 Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example l 10 using 138.3 mg (0.446 mmol) of 4,4'-oxydiphtalic anhydride and 850.0 mg (0.446 mmol) of 6-{[3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(8-{2-methoxy-4- [ (1E) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl]phenoxy}-octyl)oxy]benzyl}oxy) benzoyl]oxy}hexyl 3,5-diamino-benzoate, to yield Polyamic Acid 2. 15 Example 4 Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 20 using 133.9 mg (0.446 mmol) of 4-(2,5-Dioxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-tetralin-l,2-dicarboxylic anhydride and 850.0 mg (0.446 mmol) of 6-{[3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(8-{2-methoxy-4-[(IE)-3 -methoxy- 3 -oxo- 1-propenyl] phenoxy} octyl) oxy] benzyl} oxy) benzoyl]oxy}hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate, to yield Polyamic 25 Acid 3. Example 5 30 Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 using 87.8 mg (0.446 mmol) of 1,2,3,4-cyclobutantetra-carboxylic acid anhydride, 74.5 mg (0.223 mmol) 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane and 425.0 mg (0.223 mmol) of 6-{ [3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(8-{2-methoxy-4- [ (IE) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl]phenoxy}octyl)oxy]benzyljoxy) benzoyl]oxyjhexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate, to yield Polyamic Acid 4. 5 Example 6 Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 using 427 mg (0.3112 mmol) 6-{[3,5-bis ({-2,2-bis[({4-[(IE) - 10 3-methoxy-3 -oxo-1-propenyl] benzoyl} oxy) methyl] propanoyl} -oxy)benzoyl]oxyjhexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate and 61 mg (0.3112 mmol) 1,2,3,4-cyclobutantetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, to yield 325 mg Polyamic Acid 5; [t\\ « 0.19 dL/g. 15 The 6-{[3,5-bis({-2,2-bis[({4-[(IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] benzoyl} oxy) methyl] propanoyl} oxy) benzoyl] oxy} -hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate used as starting material was prepared in accordance with the following procedure. 20 Preparation of 6- ({3,5-bis{ [(2,2, 5-trimethyl-l, 3-dioxan-5-yl) carbonyl] oxy}benzoyl}oxy) hexyl 3, 5-dinitrobenzoate A mixture of 0.657 g (3.77 mmol) 2,2,5-trimethyl-l, 3-25 dioxane-5-carboxylic acid, 0.810 g (1.81 mmol) 6- [ (3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] hexyl 3, 5-dihydroxybenzoate, 0.21 g (0.72 mmol) 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate in 15 ml dichloromethane was cooled to 0° C and 0.93 g (4.52 mmol) N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 30 were added. The mixture was subsequently allowed to react for 24 hours at 25 °C and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated by evaporation. Chromatography of the residue on 150 g silica gel using first cyclohexane:ethyl acetate (7:3) then (3:2) as eluant yielded 1.38 g 6- ({3, 5-bis [ (2,2, 5-trimethyl-i, 3~dioxan-5-yl)methoxy] - benzoyl }oxy)hexyl 3, 5-dinitrobenzoate as colorless oil. 5 Preparation of 6-[ (3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] hexyl 3, 5-bis{ [2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl) propanoyl] oxy}benzoate 1.38 g (1.81 mmol) 6- ({3,5-bis{[(2,2,5-trimethyl-l,3-dioxan-5-yl) carbonyl] oxyjbenzoyl}oxy) hexyl 3,5- 10 dinitrobenzoate was dissolved in 20 ml methanol. 0.50 g of Dowex 50Wx2 resin and the reaction mixture was stirred for 4 hours at room temperature. The Dowex resin was filtered off and washed with methanol. The filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporation yielded 1.14 g (92%) 15 6-[ (3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy]hexyl 3, 5-bis{[2, 2- bis (hydroxymethyl) propanoyl] oxyJbenzoate as a colorless viscous oil. Preparation of 6- [ (3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] hexyl 2 0 3, 5-bis( [2,2-bis [ ({4- [ (IE) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] - benzoyl}oxy) methyl] propanoyl] oxy]benzoate 1.14 g (1.67 mmol) 6-[ (3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] hexyl 3, 5-bis{ [2, 2-bis (hydroxymethyl)propanoyl] oxy}benzoate, 25 1.45g (7.03 mmol) 4-[ (1E)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl]-benzoic acid, , 0.39 g (1.34 mmol) 4-(dimethylamino)-pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate in 40 ml dichloromethane was cooled to 0°C and 1.73 g (8.37 mmol) N,N' -dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide were added. The mixture was subsequently 3 0 allowed to react for 24 hours at 25°C and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated by evaporation. Chromatography of the residue on 150 g silica gel using first cyclohexane:ethyl acetate (7:3) then (3:2) as eluant yielded 2.09 g (87%) 6-[ (3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] hexyl 3,5-bis{ [2,2-bis[({4-[(lE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] benzoyl} oxy) methyl] propanoyl] oxy} benzoate. 5 Preparation of 6-{[3,5-bis ({2,2-bis[({4- [(IE) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-1 -propenyl] benzoyl}oxy) methyl3 propanoyl}oxy) benzoyl3 -oxyjhexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 10 using 1.00 g (0.698 mmol) 6- [ (3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] hexyl 3,5-bis{[2,2-bis[({4-[(IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] -benzoyl }oxy) methyl] propanoyl] oxy}benzoate, 1.13 g (4.18 mmol) Ferric chloride hexahydrate and 0.457 g (6.98 mmol) Zinc powder, to yield 1.25 g (91%) 6-{[3,5-15 bis ({2,2-bis[({4- [ (IE) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] benzoyl} -oxy)methyl]propanoyl}oxy) benzoyl] bxyjhexyl 3,5-diamino¬benzoate. 2 0 The following diamines can be synthesized in a analogous manner: 8-{ [3,5-bis({2,2-bis[({4- [ (1E)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] -benzoyl}oxy)methyl] propanoyl}oxy) benzoyl] oxy}octyl 25 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 11-{[3,5-bis({2,2-bis[({4- [(1E)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl]benzoyl}oxy)methyl]propanoyl}oxy) benzoyl] oxy} -undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 30 6- { [3 ,4-bis ({2,2-bis [({4- [ (IE) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] benzoyl}oxy)methyl]propanoyl}oxy) benzoyl] oxy} -hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 6-{ [2,4-bis({2,2-bis[ ({4- [ (1E) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl]benzoyl}oxy) methyl] propanoyl}oxy) benzoyl] oxy}-hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 5 6-{ [3,S-bis({2,2-bis[({4-[(1E) -3-hexyloxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] benzoyl}oxy) methyl] propanoyl}oxy) benzoyl] oxy} -hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 10 6-{ [3,5-bis({2,2-bis[ propenyl] benzoyl}oxy) methyl] butanoyl}oxy) benzoyl] oxy}hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 6-{[3,5-bis{[(2,2-bis{[(6-{4-[(IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-15 propenyl] phenoxy} hexyloyl) oxy] methyl }propanoyl}oxy) -benzoyl] oxyjhexyl 3, 5-diaminobenzoate; 8-{ [3,5-bis({2,2-bis[ ({4- [(1E) -3- [ (2-ethylpentyl)oxy] -3 - oxo-1 -propenyl ] benzoyl} oxy) methyl ] propanoyl} oxy) 20 benzoyl] oxyjoctyl 3, 5-diaminobenzoate; 6- (2,5-diamino) hexyl 3,5-bis ({2,2-bis [ ({4- [ (IE) -3-methoxy-3 -oxo-1 -propenyl] benzoyl} oxy) methyl ] propanoyl} oxy) benzoyl]oxy}benzoate. 25 Example 7 Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 30 using 141.8 mg (0.723 mmol) of 1,2,3,4-cyclobutantetra-carboxylic acid dianhydride, 425.0 mg (0.223 mmol) of 6-{ [3,5-bis ({3,5-bis[(8-{2-methoxy-4- [ (IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl]phenoxy}octyl)oxy]benzyl}oxy) benzoyl]oxy]hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate and 0.686 g (0.500 mmol) 6-{ [3, 5-bis ({3-({4-[4-(1E)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl]-benzoyl}oxy)-2-[({4-[4-(1E)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] -benzoyl} oxy) methyl] -2 -methylpropanoyl} oxy) benzoyl] oxy} -5 hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate, to yield Polyamic Acid 6. Example 8 10 Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 using 79.0 mg (0.403 mmol) of 1,2,3,4-cyclobutantetra-carboxylic acid dianhydride and 11-[(3,5-bis [ (3,5-bis[(3,5-bis [ (6-{ [ (2E) -3- (4-butoxy~3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl]oxy} hexyl) oxy]benzyl) oxy] benzyl) oxy] benzoyl) oxy] undecyl 15 3,5-diaminobenzoate, to yield Polyamic Acid 7. The 11-[(3,5-bis[(3,5-bis[(3,5-bis{[(6-[(2E) -3- (4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}hexyl) oxy] benzyl) oxy] -benzyl) oxy]benzoyl) oxy] undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate used as 20 starting material was prepared in accordance with the following procedure. Preparation of methyl (2E) -3- (4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoate 25 4.16 g (20.0 mmol) ferulic acid methyl ester was dissolved in 115 ml 2-butanone, 2.09 ml (22.0 mmol) n-butyl bromide and 11.06 g (80 mmol) potassium carbonate were added. The reaction suspension was then heated at reflux temperature 3 0 for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated by evaporation. The crude product was recrystallised from 42 ml isopropyl alcohol and yielded 4.85 g (92 %) methyl (2E) -3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate as white crystals. Preparation of (2E)-3- (4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5 2-propenoic acid 10 g (0.15 mol) potassium hydroxide were dissolved in a mixture of 200 ml methyl alcohol and 5 ml water. 4.85 g (18.35 mmol) methyl (2E)-3- (4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate was added. The reaction mixture was subsequently heated to 60 °C. After 2.5 h the mixture was concentrated by evaporation. The residue was dissolved in 100 ml cold water and acidified to pH=l with 13.5 ml hydrochloric acid 37 wt.%. The product was filtered off, washed with water and dried at 50 °C under vacuum to give 4.24 g {92 %) (2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid as white crystals. Preparation of 6-chlorohexyl (2E) -3- (4-butoxy-2 0 3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoate Preparation was carried out analogously to Example 5 using 4.24 g (16.94 mmol) (2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid, 2.20 g (16.13 mmol) 6-chloro-l-hexanol, 25 1.90 g (6.45 mmol) 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate and 4.16 g (20.17 mmol) N,N'-dicyclo-hexylcarbodiimide to give 6-chlorohexyl (2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate as colorless oil. Preparation of 6-iodohexyl (2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 5 using 4.00 g (10.84 mmol) 6-chlorohexyl (2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate and 9.75 g (65.05 mmol) sodium iodide, to yield 6-iodohexyl (2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoate. 10 Preparation of 3,5-bis[(6-{[(2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxy¬phenyl) -2 -propenoyl]oxy)hexyl) oxy] benzyl alcohol Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 using 4.60 g (10.0 mmol) 6-iodohexyl (2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-15 methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate, 0.667 g (4.76 mmol) 3,5-dihydroxybenzyl and 3.27 g (23.6 mmol) potassium carbonate, to yield 3,5-bis[(6-{[(2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl]oxy}hexyl)oxy] benzyl alcohol. 20 Preparation of 3,5-bis[(6-{[(2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxy¬phenyl ) - 2 -propenoy 1 ] oxy} hexy 1) oxy] benzyl bromide 5.00 g (5.88 mmol) 3,5-bis[(6-{ [ (2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl]oxy}hexyl)oxy] benzyl alcohol, 25 (6.47 mmol) tetrabromomethane were dissolved in 100 ml dichloromethane. The solution was subsequently cooled to 0 °C and a solution of 1.85 g (7.05 mmol) triphenyl-phosphine in 20 ml dichloromethane was added dropwise thereto over a period of .1 hour. The reaction mixture was 30 reduced in volume by evaporation. Chromatography of the residue yield 3,5-bis[(6-{[(2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxy¬phenyl ) - 2 -propenoyl] oxy} hexyl) oxy] benzyl bromide. Preparation of 3,5-bis({3, 5-bis[(6-{[(2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}hexyl) oxy] benzyl}oxy) -benzyl alcohol 5 Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 using 4.34 g (5.00 mmol) 3,5-bis[(6-{ [ (2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl] oxy}hexyl) oxy] benzyl bromide, 0.334 g (2.38 mmol) 3,5-dihydroxybenzyl, 13 mg (0.05 mmol) 18-Crown-6 and 0.97 g (7.00 mmol) potassium carbonate to 10 yield 3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(6-{[(2E) -3~(4-butoxy-3-methoxy-phenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}hexyl) oxy]benzyl}oxy)benzyl alcohol. Preparation of 11-[(3,5-dinitrobengoyl)oxy]undecyl 15 3,5-bis({3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(6-{[(2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxy-• Phenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxyjhexyl) oxy] benzyl)oxy) benzyl)oxy) benzoate Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 20 using 0.488 g (1.09 mmol) of 11-[ (3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] -undecyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate, 0.601 g (2.29 mmol) triphenylphosphine, 3.74 g (2.18 mol) 3,5-bis({3,5-bis{ [ (6-[ (2E) -3- (4~butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}hexyl) -oxy]benzyl}oxy)benzyl alcohol and 1.01 g (2.32 mmol) of a 25 40 % solution of azodicarboxylic acid diethyl ester in toluene, to yield 11- [ (3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] undecyl 3,5-bis({3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(6-{ [(2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxy-phenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}hexyl) oxy] benzyl}oxy) benzyl}oxy) benzoate. Preparation of 11-[(3,5-bis [(3,5-bis[ (3,5-bis [ (6- ([ (2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxyjhexyl) oxy] -benzyl) oxy] benzyl) oxy] benzoyl) oxy] undecyl 3, 5-diamino-benzoate 5 Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 using 3.88 g (1.00 mmol) 6- [(3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy]hexyl 3, 5-bis ({3, 5-bis ({3, 5-bis [ (6- { [ (2E) -3- (4-butoxy-3-methoxy¬phenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}hexyl) oxy]benzyl}oxy)benzyl}oxy) 10 benzoate, 1.62 g (6.00 mmol) Ferric chloride hexahydrate and 0.654 g (10.00 mmol) Zinc powder to give 11-[(3,5-bis [ (3, 5-bis [ (3, 5-bis [(6-{[(2E)-3- (4-butoxy-3-methoxy¬phenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}hexyl) oxy]benzyl) oxy] benzyl) oxy] -benzoyl)oxy] undecyl 3, 5-diaminobenzoate. 15 The following diamines can be synthesized in a analogous manner: 20 11-[ (3, 5-bis I (3, 5-bis [(3, 5-bis{ [(6-{ [(2E)-3- (4-butoxy-3- methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}hexyl) oxy] carbonyl}benzyl) -oxy] benzyl) oxy] benzoyl) oxy] undecyl 3,5- diaminobenzoate ; 11- L (3, 5-bis [(3, 5-bis [(3, 5-bis [ (6- {[(2B)-3- (4-butyl-3-25 methoxyphenyl) - 2 -propenoyl ] oxy} hexyl) oxy] benzyl) oxy] -benzyl) oxy] benzoyl) oxy] undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate ; 11- [ (3,5-bis[(3, 5-bis[(3, 5-bis[(6-{[(2E)-3-(4-pentyl-phenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}hexyl) oxy] benzyl) oxy] benzyl) oxy] -30 benzoyl)oxy] undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 11- [(3,5-bis[(3,5-b'is[(3,5-bis[{4-{ [(2E)-3- (4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}butyl) oxy] benzyl) oxy] -benzyl)oxy]benzoyl)oxy] undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 5 11- [(3,5-bis[(3,5-bis[(3,4-bisne-f [(2E)-3- (4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxyjhexyl) oxy]benzyl) oxy] -benzyl)oxy]benzoyl)oxy] undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 11-[(3,5-bis[(3,5-bis[(3,4/5-tris[(ll-{[(2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-0 methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}undecyl) oxy]benzyl) oxy] -benzyl) oxy] benzoyl) oxy] undecyl 3, 5-diaminobenzoate ; 11-[(3,5-bis[(3,5-bis[(3,5-bis[{6-{[{2E)-3-{4-[(4-propylcyclohexyl) methoxy] phenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxyjhexyl) -5 oxy]benzyl)oxy]benzyl)oxy] benzoyl)oxy] undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 11-[(3,5-bis[(3,5-bis[(3,5~bis[(6-{[(2E)-3-{4-[(2-ethylhexyl) oxy]phenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxyjhexyl) oxy]benzyl) -0 oxy]benzyl) oxy]benzoyl) oxy] undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 11-[{3,5-bis[(3,5-bis[{3,5-bis[{6-{[{2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy]hexyl) oxy] benzyl) oxy] -benzyl)oxy]benzoyl) oxy] undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 5 8-(2,5-diaminophenoxy) octyl 3,5-bis[(3,5-bis[(3,5-bis[(6-{ [ (2E) -3- (4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxyjhexyl) -oxy]benzyl)oxy]benzyl) oxy]benzoate. Example 9: Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 using 1.320 g (0.500 mmol) 11-{2,2-bis[({2,2-bis[({2, 2- 5 bis [ ({4- [ (1E) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] benzoyl}oxy) - methyl] propanoyl} oxy) methyl] propanoyl} oxy) methyl] propanoyl} undecyl 3, 5-diaminobenzoate and 98.1 mg (0.500 mmol) 1,2,3,4- cyclobutantetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, to yield Polyamic Acid 8. 10 The 11-{2, 2-bis [({2,2-bis [({2,2-bis [({4- [(1E) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] benzoyl}oxy)methyl]propanoyl}oxy)methyl] -propanoyl}oxy) methyl] propanoyl}undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoat e used as starting material can be prepared in accordance 15 with the following procedure. Preparation of ll-bromomoundecyl 3,5-dinitrobenzoate 11.4 g (45.4 mmol) 11-bromo-l-undecanol, 11.0 g (47.7 mmol) 20 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride, 54 mg 4-dimethylaminopyridine were dissolved in 94 ml dichloromethane. The solution was subsequently cooled to 0 °C and then 18.3 ml (227 mmol) pyridine was added dropwise, in the course of 25 minutes. After 4.5 hours at 0 °C the reaction mixture was parti-25 tioned between dichloromethane and water; the organic phase was washed repeatedly with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation. Chromatography of the residue on 200 g silica gel using Toluene yielded 18.1 g (90 %) 11-bromoundecyl 3,5-dinitro-3 0 benzoate as yellow powder. Preparation of 11- C (3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] undecyl 2, 2-bis [ ((2, 2-bis [ ({ (2, 2, 5-trimethyl-l, 3-dioxan-5-yl) carbonyl }oxy) methyl] propanoyl }oxy) methyl] propanoate 5 Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 using 10.19 g (9.81 mmol) 2,2-bis[({2,2-bis[({(2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl) carbonyljoxy) methyl] propanoyl} -oxy)methyl]propanoic acid, 1.494 g (9.81 mmol) l,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene(l,5-5) (DBU) and 4,81 g 0 (10.79 mmol) ll-bromoundecyl 3,5-dinitrobenzoate, to yield 11- [(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] undecyl 2, 2-bis [ ({2,2-bis[ ({(2,2,5-trimethyl-l, 3-dioxan-5-yl) carbonyl}oxy)methyl] propanoyl} oxy) methyl] propanoate. 5 Preparation of 11- [ (3 , 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] undecyl 2,2-bis{([2,2-bis{ ( [2, 2-bis (hydroxymethyl)propanoyl] oxy) -methyl}propanoyl] oxy)methyl}propanoate Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 6 0 using 6.92 g (5.00 mmol) 11-[ (3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] -undecyl 2,2-bis{ ([2,2-bis{ ([ (2,2,5-trimethyl-l,3-dioxan-5-yl) carbonyl] oxy)methyl}propanoyl] oxy)methyl}propanoate and 2.5 g Dowex 50Wx2 resin, to yield 11-[(3,5-dinitro¬benzoyl) oxy] undecyl 2,2-bis{([2,2-bis{([2,2-bis(hydroxy-5 methyl) propanoyl] oxy) methyl}propanoyl] oxy) methyl} propanoate. Preparation of 11- [ (3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)oxy]undecyl 2,2-bis{ ( [2,2-bis{([2, 2-bis[({4-[(IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl]benzoyl}oxy)methyl]propanoyl] oxy)methyl}-propanoyl] oxy) methyl}propanoate 5 0.832 g (3.70 mmol) 4- [ (1E) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] -benzoyl chloride dissolved in 5 ml dichloromethane , was added to a solution of 0.453 mg (0.370 mmol) 11-[(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)oxy]undecyl 2,2-bis{ ([2,2-bis{ ([2,2- 10 bis (hydroxymethyl) propanoyl] oxy) methyl}propanoyl] oxy) -methyl Jpropanoate, 45 mg (0.370 mmol) 4-dimethylamino pyridine, 0.450 g (4.44 mmol) triethylamine in 10 ml dichloromethane at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was allowed to react 1 hour at 0 °C, then warm to 25 °C, stirred 15 overnight and reduced in volume by evaporation. Chromato¬graphy of the residue yield 11-[(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)oxy]-undecyl 2,2-bis{([2,2-bis{([2,2-bis[({4-[(1E)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl]benzoyl}oxy) methyl] propanoyl] oxy)methyl} propanoyl] oxy) methyl Jpropanoate. 20 Preparation of ll-(2,2-bis[({2,2-bis[((2,2-bis [ ({4-[ (1E)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] benzoyljoxy) methyl] propanoyl} -oxy) methyl] propanoyl} oxy) methyl] propanoyl} undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate 25 Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 using 0.540 g (0.20 mmol) 11-[(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)oxy] -undecyl 2,2-bis{([2,2-bis{([2,2-bis[({4-[(IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl] benzoyl} oxy) methyl] propanoyl] oxy) methyl} - 3 0 propanoyl] oxy) methyl Jpropanoate, 0.324 g (1.20 mmol) Ferric chloride hexahydrate and 0.131 g (2.00 mmol) Zinc powder, to yield ll-{2,2-bis[({2,2-bis[({2,2-bis[({4- [ (1E) -3 -methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] benzoyl}Joxy) methyl] propanoyl J - oxy) methyl] propanoyl} oxy) methyl] propanoyl }undecyi 3,5-diaminobenzoate. 5 Example 10: Production of an orientation layer A 2 % solution of Polyamic Acid 1 in cyclopentanone was filtered over a 0.2 μm Teflon filter and applied to a glass 10 plate, which had been coated v/ith indium-tin oxide (ITO) , in a spin-coating apparatus at 3000 rev. /min. in the course of 60 seconds. The resulting film was then predried for 15 minutes at 130 °C and then imidised for 1 hour at 200 °C to form the polyimide. 15 The glass plate so coated was then irradiated for 3 0 seconds with the linearly polarized UV light of a 350 W high-pressure mercury vapor lamp. A liquid-crystalline mixture CB-483 from Vantico was then applied by 20 spin-coating to the irradiated layer and subsequently crosslinked by isotropic UV light for 5 minutes. Under a polarization microscope, a uniaxially double-refractive layer of oriented liquid crystal molecules was observed and a contrast ratio as high as 1800:1 was measured. Using a 25 tilt compensator it was ascertained that the direction of orientation agreed with the direction of polarization of the UV light used for the polyimide layer irradiation. Example 11: Production of an orientation layer having a defined angle of tilt 5 Two glass plates coated with Polyamic Acid 1 as in Example 10 were irradiated for 3 0 seconds with linearly polarized UV light, the direction of incidence of the light being inclined by 40° relative to the plate normal. The direction of polarization of the light was kept in the 10 plane defined by the direction of incidence of the light and the plate normal. From both plates a cell of 2 0 μm spacing was built such that the illuminated surfaces were facing each other and the previous polarization directions of illumination were parallel. The cell was then filled 15 with liquid crystal mixture MLC12000-000 from Merck in the isotropic phase at 100 °C. The cell was then gradually cooled to room temperature at a rate ranging from 0.1 °C/min to 2 °C/min. Between crossed polarizers a uni¬formly oriented liquid crystal layer was observed. The tilt 20 angle of this parallel cell, by crystal rotation method, was 12°. Example 12: 25 Determination of the voltage holding ratio (VHR) Two glass plates coated in accordance with Example 10 were irradiated perpendicularly during 3 0 seconds with linearly polarized UV light. From both plates a cell of 10 μm 3 0 spacing was built such that the illuminated surfaces were facing each other and the previous polarization directions of illumination were parallel. This cell was then main- tained at 12 0 °C tinder high vacuum for 14. hours and there¬after filled with TFT liquid crystal mixture MLC12 000-0 00 from Merck in vacuo at room temperature. Between crossed polarizers a uniformly oriented liquid crystal layer was 5 observed. Prior to testing the voltage holding ratio (VKR) the cell was first subjected to ageing for 50 hours at 12 0 °C. The voltage decay V (at T = 20 ms) of a voltage surge of 64 \is with Vo (V at t = 0) = 0.2 V was then measured over a period of T = 20 ms. The voltage holding 10 ratio then determined, given by VHR = Vrms (t = T)/V0, was 96 % at room temperature. We Claim: 1. A photoactive side-chain polymer from the class of polyimides, polyamide acids or esters thereof, wherein the photoactive side-chain polymer comprises as a side-chain a dendritic block incorporating photoactive groups at the surface of the dendritic block. 2. The polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dendritic block represents a unit of formula la or of formula lb of a combination of formulae la and lb: wherein the broken line symbolizes the linkage to the polymer main chain; and wherein S1 represents a single bond or a spacer unit; D1 each independently of the other, represents an organic residue; Z1 each independently of the other, represents a single bond or a spacer unit; and m and n, each independently of the other, represent the number of generations and wherein m and n, each independently of the other, has a value of 0 to 4, with the proviso that 2 3. The polymer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the terminal moieties attached to Z1 at the dendritic block surface are photoactive groups, which is photoisomerisable or photodimerisable on exposure to UV or laser light. 4. The polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the terminal moieties attached at the dendritic block surface are, independently of each other, hydrogen, or a straight-chain or branched alkyl group, wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl group is unsubstituted, mono-or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, or cyano, wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl group has 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and wherein one or more —CH2— groups in the straight-chain or branched alkyl group may independently be replaced by a group A, wherein A represents a group selected from the group consisting of—O—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —0--CO—, —NR1—, —NR1—CO—, —CO—NR1—, —NR1— CO—O—, —O—CO— NR1—, —NR1—CO—NR1—, —CH=CH—, —C=C—, —O—CO—O—, —Si(CH3)2— O—Si(CH3)2—, an aromatic group and an alicyclic group, and wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl, provided that oxygen atoms are not directly attached to each other; with the proviso that at least four terminal moieties are photoactive groups. 5. The polymer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the dendritic block represents a unit of formula la, 6. The polymer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the dendritic block represents a unit of formula Ic: 7. A polymer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the groups D1 are, each independently of the other, an aromatic, an alicyclic or a —CR1 unit, wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl. 8. The polymer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the groups Dj, each independently of the other, are selected from the group consisting of 1,2,3-benzenetriyl, 1,3,4-benzenetriyl, 1,3,5-benzenetriyl and a group —CR1, wherein Rl is a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl. 9. The polymer as claimed in claim 2, wherein S1 is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, —O—, —CO—0—, —O—CO—, —NR1—, —NR1—CO—, — CO—NR1—, —NR1—CO—0— —O—CO—NR1—, —NR1—CO—NR1—, — CH=CH—, —C=C—, —0—CO—0— and a straight-chain or branched alkylene group, wherein the straight-chain or branched alkylene group is optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine and cyano, and wherein optionally two or three non-adjacent alkylene —CH2— groups in the straight-chain or branched alkylene group are independently replaced by a group A, with the proviso that the total number of chain carbon atoms in the alkylene group does not exceed 24, wherein A represents a group selected from the group consisting of—0—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —NR1—, —NR1—CO—, —CO—NR1—, —NR1—CO—O—, —O—CO— NR1—, —NR1—CO—NR1— —CH=CH—, —C^C—, —0—CO—0—, —Si(CH3)2— 0—Si(CH3)2—, an aromatic group and an alicyclic group, and wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl. 10. The polymer as claimed in claim 9, wherein Si is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —(CH2)r—, —(CH2)r—O—, — (CH2)r—CO—, —(CH2)r—CO—, —(CH2)r—CO—O— —(CH2)r—O—CO— — (CH2)r—CO—NR1—, —(CH2)r—NR1—CO—, —(CH2)r—NR1—, —O—(CH2)r—, — CO—O—(CH2)r—, —O—CO—(CH2)r—, —NR1—CO—(CH2)r—, —CO—NR1— (CH2)r—, —NR1—(CH2)r—, — 0—(CH2)r—CO—0—, —O—(CH2)r—O—CO—, — O—(CH2)r—CO—NR1—, — O— 11. The polymer as claimed in claim 9, wherein Si is selected from the group consisting of— (CH2)r—, —(CH2)r—O—, —(CH2)r—CO—O—, —(CH2)r—0—CO—, —(CH2)r— CO—NH—, —(CH2)r—NH—CO—, —O—(CH2)r—, —CO—O—(CH2)r—, —CO— NH—(CH2)r—, —O—CO—(CH2)r—, —O—CO—(CH2)r—CO—O—, —O—(CH2)r— 0—CO—, —0(CH2)rCO—NH—, —O—(CH2)r—NH—CO—, —CO—O—(CH2)r— 0—, — CO—NH—(CH2)r—O—, —O—(CH2)r—O—, —(CH2)r—NH—CO—(CH2)s—, —(CH2)r—NH—CO—O—(CH2)s—, —(CH2)r—O—(CH2)s—O—, —(CH2)r—NH— CO—(CH2)s—O—, —(CH2)r—NH—CO—O—(CH2)s—O—, —O—(CH2)r—NH— CO—(CH2)s—, —O—(CH2)r—O—(CH2)s—O—, —O—CO—(CH2)r—O—(CH2)s— O—, — CO—O—(CH2)r—O—(CH2)s—O—, —0—(CH2)rNH—CO—(CH2)s—O— and —0—CO—(CH2)r—NH—CO—(CH2)s—O—, wherein r and s each independently of the other, represent an integer from 2 to 12 and r+s 12. The polymer as claimed in claim 9, wherein Si is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxycarbonyl, 3-propylenecarbonyloxy, 5-pentyleneoxy, 5-pentyleneoxycarbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexyleneoxy, 6-hexyleneoxycarbonyl, 5-penrylenecarbonyloxy, 7-heptyleneoxy, 7-heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6-hexylenecarbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8-octyleneoxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyloxy, 9-nonyleneoxy, 9-nonyleneoxycarbonyl, 8-octylenecarbonyloxy, 10-decyleneoxy, 10-decyleneoxycarbonyl, 9-nonylenecarbonyloxy, 11-undecyleneoxy, 11-undecyleneoxycarbonyl, 10-decylenecarbonyloxy, 12-dodecyleneoxy, 12-dodecyleneoxycarbonyl, 11- undecylenecarbonyloxy, 3-propyleneiminocarbonyl, 4-butyleneiminocarbonyl, 5- pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneiminocarbonyl, 7-heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 8- octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9-nonyleneiminocarbonyl, 10-decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11- undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12-dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonylimino, 3- propylenecarbonylimino, 4-butylenecarbonylimino, 5-pentylenecarbonylimino, 6- hexylenecarbonylimino, 7-heptylenecarbonylimino, 8-octylenecarbonylimino, 9- nonylenecarbonylimino, 10-decylenecarbonylimino, 11-undecylenecarbonylimino, 6-(3- propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexylene, 6-(3 -propyleneoxy)hexylene, 6-(3 - propyleneoxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3- propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexyl, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexyloxy, 1,2- ethylenedioxy, 1,3-propylenedioxy, 1,4-butylenedioxy, 1,5-pentylenedioxy, 1,6- hexylenedioxy, 1,7-heptylenedioxy, 1,8-octylenedioxy, 1,9-nonylenedioxy, 1,10- decylenedioxy, 1,11-undecylenedioxy, 1,12-dodecylenedioxy, 2-oxyethylene, 3- oxypropylene, 4-oxybutylene, 5-oxypentylene, 6-oxyhexylene, 7-oxyheptylene, 8- oxyoctylene, 9-oxynonylene, 10-oxydecylene, 11-oxyundecylene, 12-oxydodecylene, 2- (oxycarbonyl)ethylene, 3-(oxycarbonyl)propylene, 4-(oxycarbonyl)butylene, 5- (oxycarbonyl)pentylene, 6-(oxycarbonyl)hexylene, 7-(oxycarbonyl)heptylene, 8- (oxycarbonyl)octylene, 9-(oxycarbonyl)nonylene, 10-(oxycarbonyl)decylene, 11- (oxycarbonyl)undecylene, 12-(oxycarbonyl)dodecylene, 2-(carbonyloxy)ethylene, 3- (carbonyloxy)propylene, 4-(carbonyloxy)butylene, 5-(carbonyloxy) pentylene, 6- (carbonyloxy)hexylene, 7-(carbonyloxy)heptylene, 8-(carbonyloxy)octylene, 9- (carbonyloxy)nonylene, 10-(carbonyloxy)decylene, 11 -(carbonyloxy)undecylene, 12- (carbonyloxy)dodecylene, 2-(carbonylimino)ethylene, 3-(carbonylimino)propylene, 4- (carbonylimino)butylene, 5-(carbonylimino)pentylene, 6-(carbonylimino)hexylene, 7- (carbonylimino)heptylene, 8-(carbonylimino)octylene, 9-(carbonylimino)nonylene, 10- (carbonylimino)decylene, 1 l-(carbonylimino)undecylene, 12-(carbonylimino)dodecylene, 2-iminoethylene, 3-iminopropylene, 4-iminobutylene, 5-iminopentylene, 6-iminohexylene, 7-iminoheptylene, 8-iminooctylene, 9-iminononylene, 10-iminodecylene, 11- iminoundecylene, 12-iminododecylene, 2-iminocarbonylethylene, 3- iminocarbonylpropylene, 4-iminocarbonylbutylene, 5-iminocarbonylpentylene, 6- iminocarbonylhexylene, 7-iminocarbonylheptylene, 8-iminocarbonyloctylene, 9- iminocarbonylnonylene, 10-iminocarbonyldecylene, 11-iminocarbonylundecylene, 12- iminocarbonyldodecylene, 2-(2-ethyleneoxy)ethylene, 2-(3-propyleneoxy)ethylene, 6-(4- butyleneoxy)hexylene, 2-(2-ethyleneiminocarbonyl)ethylene, 2-(3- propyleneiminocarbonyl)ethylene, 6-(4-butyleneiminocarbonyl)hexylene, 6-(3 - propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexylene. 13. The polymer as claimed in claim 2, wherein Zj each independently of the other are selected from the group consisting a single covalent bond, —O—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, — NR1—, —NR1—CO—, —CO—NR1—, —NR1—CO—O—, —O—CO—NR1—, — NR1—CO—NR1—, —CH=CH—, —C=C—, —O—CO—O— and a straight-chain or branched alkylene group, wherein optionally one to three non-adjacent alkylene —CH2— groups are independently replaced by a group selected from the group consisting of—O—, —CO—0—, —O—CO—, and —CH=CH—, with the proviso that the total number of chain carbon atoms in the alkylene group does not exceed 16, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl. 14. The polymer as claimed in claim 13, wherein Z, each independently of the other are selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, —0—, —CO—O—, —O— CO—, —NR1—CO—, —CO—NR1—, and a straight-chain or branched alkylene group wherein optionally one to three non-adjacent alkylene —CH2— groups in the straight-chain or branched alkylene group are independently replaced by a group selected from the group consisting of —O—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, with the proviso that the total number of chain carbon atoms in the alkylene group does not exceed 12. 15.The polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photoactive groups undergo photocyclisation reactions and are represented by one of the general formulae Ilia or Illb: wherein the broken line indicates the point of linkage to the respective Zl; and wherein S2 and S3 each independently of the other, represent a single bond or a spacer unit; Q represents an oxygen atom or —NR1—; E represents pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, 2,5-thiophenylene, 2,5-furanylene, 1,4-naphthylene, 2,6-naphthylene, or phenylene; wherein E is unsubstituted or mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, or chlorine or by a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue, wherein the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine or chlorine, wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl residue has 1 to 18 carbon atoms and, when present, the cyclic alkylene residue has 3 to 18 ring atoms,; wherein one or more non-adjacent —CH2— groups in the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue may independently be replaced by a group B; F represents —OR3, —NR4R5 or F represents an oxygen atom attached by a single bond to ring E to define, together with the ring E a coumarin unit, and wherein R3, R4 and R5, each independently of the other, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkylene residue, wherein the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkylene residue is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine or chlorine, wherein the straight-chain or branched alkylene residue has 1 to 24 carbon atoms and, \| when present, the cyclic alkylene residue has 3 to 24 ring atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent —CH2— groups in the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkylene residue may independently be replaced by a group A, or R4 and R5 together form a C5-8 alicyclic ring; X, Y each independently of the other, represents hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, cyano, or alkyl, wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted by fluorine, wherein the alkyl has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein, optionally, one or more non-adjacent alkyl —CH2— groups in the alkyl are replaced by —O—, —CO—O—, —O—CO— or —CH=CH—; R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl; and R is hydrogen, or is a straight-chain or branched alkyl residue wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl residue is unsubstituted, mono-substituted by cyano, fluorine, or chlorine, or poly-substituted by fluorine or chlorine, wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl residue has 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and wherein \| one or more non-adjacent —CH2— groups in the straight-chain or branched alkyl residue may independently be replaced by a group A; A represents a group selected from the group consisting of—0—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —NR1—, —NR1—CO—, —CO—NR1—, —NR1—CO—0—, —O—CO— NR1—, —NR1—CO—NR1—, —CH=CH—, —C=C—, —0—CO—0—, —Si(CH3)2— 0—Si(CH3)2—, an aromatic group and an alicyclic group; and B represents a group selected from the group consisting of —0—, —CO—, —CO—0—, —O—CO—, —NR1—, —NR1—CO— — CO—NR1—, —NR1—CO—O—, —O—CO— NR1—, —NR1—CO—NR1—, —CH=CH—, —C=C—, —0—CO—0— and — Si(CH3)2—O—Si(CH3)2—. 16. The polymer as claimed in claim 15, wherein the group E is selected from the group consisting of pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, 2,5-thiophenylene, 2,5-furanylene, 1,4-naphthylene, 2,6-naphthylene and phenylene, wherein the group E which is unsubstituted or substituted by a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue, wherein the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine or chlorine, wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl residue has from 1 to 12 carbon atoms and, when present, the cyclic alkylene residue has 3 to 12 ring atoms, wherein optionally one or more non-adjacent alkyl —CH2— groups in the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue are replaced by —0—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O— CO—, —CH=CH—, or —C=C—. 17. The polymer as claimed in claim 16, wherein the group E is selected from the group consisting of 2,5-furanylene, 1,4— naphthylene; 2,6-naphthylene and phenylene, wherein the group E is unsubstituted or substituted by a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue, wherein the group E has 1 to 6 carbon atoms and, when present, the cyclic alkylene residue has 3 to 6 ring atoms, and wherein optionally one or more non-adjacent alkyl —CH2— groups in the group E are replaced by —O—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH=CH— or —C=C—. 18. The polymer as claimed in claim 15, wherein F is selected from the group consisting of— OR3, —NR4R5, wherein R3 and R4 represent, each independently of the other, a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue, wherein the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, or cyano, wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl residue has having 1 to 18 carbons atoms and, when present, the cyclic alkylene residue has 3 to 18 ring atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent alkyl —CH2— groups in the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue may independently be replaced by —O— or —CH=CH—, and R5 is a hydrogen atom or a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue, wherein the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, or cyano, wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl residue has having 1 to 18 carbons atoms and, when present, the cyclic alkylene residue has 3 to 18 ring atoms, and wherein one or more non-adjacent alkyl —CH2— groups in the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue may independently be replaced by —O— or —CH=CH—, or R4 and R5 together form a C5-.8 alicyclic ring. 19. The polymer as claimed in claim 18, wherein, F is selected from the group consisting of— —OR3, —NR4R5, wherein R3 and R4 represent a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue, wherein the cyclic straight-chain or branched alkyl residue is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine atoms, wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl residue has 1 to 18 carbon atoms and, when present, the cyclic alkylene residue has 3 to 18 ring atoms, and wherein one or more non-adjacent alkyl —CH2— groups in the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue may independently be replaced by —O—. 20. The polymer as claimed in claim 15, wherein X and Y represent hydrogen. 21. The polymer as claimed in claim 15, wherein Q is an oxygen atom or —NH—. 22. The polymer as claimed in claim 15, wherein the photoactive groups are represented by the general formula Ilia. 23. The polymer as claimed in claim 15, wherein S2 and S3 are selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, —O—, —CO—0—, —O—CO—, —NR1—, — NR1—CO—, —CO—NR1—, —NR1—CO—0—, —O—CO—NR1—, —NR1—CO— NR1—, —CH=CH—, —C=C—, —O—CO—O— and a straight-chain or branched alkylene group, wherein the straight-chain or branched alkylene group is optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the ground consisting of fluorine, chlorine and cyano, and wherein optionally two or three non-adjacent alkylene —CH2— groups are independently replaced by a group A, with the proviso that the total number of chain carbon atoms in the alkylene group does not exceed 24. 24. The polymer as claimed in claim 23, wherein S2 is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, —CO—O—, —0—CO—, —(CH2)r—, —(CH2)r—O—, —(CH2)r— CO—, —(CH2)r—CO—, —(CH2)r—CO—0—, —(CH2)r—O—CO—, —(CH2)r—CO— NR1— —(CH2)r—NR1—CO— —(CH2)r—NR1—, — 0—(CH2)r—, —CO—O—(CH2)r—, —O—CO—(CH2)r—, —NR1—CO—(CH2)r—, — CO—NR1—(CH2)r--, —NR1—(CH2)r— , —O—(CH2)r—CO—0—, —O—(CH2)r—0—CO—, —0—(CH2)r—CO—NR1—, —0— (CH2)r—CO—0—, — O—(CH2)r—NR1—, —0—(CH2)r—O—, —O—(CH2)r—NR1— CO—, —NR1—(CH2)r—CO—O— —NR1—(CH2)r—O— —NR1—(CH2)r—NR1—, — NR1—(CH2)r—O—CO—, —CO—NR1—(CH2)r—0—, —CO—NR1—(CH2)r—NR1—, — CO—NR1— 25. The polymer as claimed in claim 23, wherein S2 is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, — 0—(CH2)r—O—, —CO—NH—(CH2)r—O—, —O—(CH2)r—O—, — 26. The polymer as claimed in claim 23, wherein S2 is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8- octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-l,4- butylene, 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxycarbonyl, 3-propylenecarbonyloxy, 5-pentyleneoxy, 5-pentyleneoxycarbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexyleneoxy, 6-hexyleneoxycarbonyl, 5-pentylenecarbonyloxy, 7- heptyleneoxy, 7-heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6-hexylenecarbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8- octyleneoxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyloxy, 9-nonyleneoxy, 9-rionyleneoxycarbonyl, 8- octylenecarbonyloxy, 10-decyleneoxy, 10-decyleneoxycarbonyl, 9-nonylenecarbonyloxy, 11- undecyleneoxy, 11-undecyleneoxycarbonyl, 10-decylenecarbonyloxy, Vdodecyleneoxy, 12- dodecyleneoxycarbonyl, 11-undecylenecarbonyloxy, 3-propyleneiminocarbonyl, 4- butyleneiminocarbonyl, 5-pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneiminocarbonyl, 7- heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 8-octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9-nonyleneiminocarbonyl, 10- decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11 -undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12-dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2- ethylenecarbonylimino, 3-propylenecarbonylimino, 4-butylenecarbonylimino, 5- pentylenecarbonylimino, 6-hexylenecarbonylimino, 7-heptylenecarbonylimino, 8- octylenecarbonylimino, 9-nonylenecarbonylimino, 10-decylenecarbonylimino, 11- undecylenecarbonylimino, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexylene, 6-(3- propyleneoxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneoxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3- propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3 -propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexyl, 6-(3 -propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexyloxy, 1,2-ethylenedioxy, 1,3-propylenedioxy, 1,4-butylenedioxy, 1,5-pentylenedioxy, 1,5-hexylenedioxy, 1,7-heptylenedioxy, 1,8-octylenedioxy, 1,9-nonylenedioxy, 1,10-decylenedioxy, 1,11-undecylenedioxy, and 1,12-dodecylenedioxy. 27. The polymer as claimed in any one of claim 23, wherein S3 is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, —(CH2)r—, —(CH2)r—O—, —(CH2)r—CO—, — (CH2)r—CO—O—, —(CH2)r—O—CO—, —(CH2)r—CO—NR1— —(CH2)r—NR1— CO—, —(CH2)r—NR1—, — 28. The polymer as claimed in claim 27, wherein S3 is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-actylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxycarbonyl, 3-propylenecarbonyloxy, 5-pentyleneoxy, 5-pentyleneoxycarbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexyleneoxy, 6-hexyleneoxycarbonyl, 5-pentylenecarbonyloxy, 7- heptyleneoxy, 7-heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6-hexylenecarbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8- octyleneoxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyloxy, 9-nonyleneoxy, 9-nonyleneoxycarbonyl, 8- octylenecarbonyloxy, 10-decyleneoxy, 10-decyleneoxycarbonyl, 9-nonylenecarbonyloxy, 11- undecyleneoxy, 11-undecyleneoxycarbonyl, 10-decylenecarbonyloxy, 12-dodecyleneoxy, 12- dodecyleneoxycarbonyl, 11-undecylenecarbonyloxy, 3-propyleneiminocarbonyl, 4- butyleneiminocarbonyl, 5-pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneiminocarbonyl, 7- heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 8-octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9-nonyleneiminocarbonyl, 10- decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11-undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12-dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2- ethylenecarbonylimino, 3-propylenecarbonylimino, 4-butylenecarbonylimino, 5- pentylenecarbonylimino, 6-hexylenecarbonylimino, 7-heptylenecarbonylimino, 8- octylenecarbonylimino, 9-nonylenecarbonylimino, 10-decylenecarbonylimino, 11- undecylenecarbonylimino, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexylene, 6-(3- propyleneoxy)hexylene, 6-(3-prop yleneoxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3- propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexylene, and 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexyleneoxy. 29. The polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monomer units from which the main chain of the side-chain polymer is built up, are imide groups of the general formula IV, VI or VIII; or the analogous amie acid groups or amic acid ester groups of the general formula V, VII or IX: or are a combination thereof: each broken line symbolises the linkage to S1; T, represents a tetravalent organic radical; T2, T3 each independently represent a trivalent aromatic or trivalent alicyclic group, wherein the trivalent aromatic or trivalent alicycic group is unsubstituted or substituted by fluorine, chlorine or cyano or by a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue, wherein the cyclic straight-chain or branched alkyl residue is unsubstituted mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine or chlorine, wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl residue has 1 to 18 carbon atoms and, when \| present, the cyclic alkylene residue has 3 to 18 ring atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent —CH2— groups in the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue may independently be replaced by a group selected from the ground consisting of —O—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH=CH— and —C=C—; S4 to $» each independently of the other, represent a single bond or a spacer unit, J is selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, a group —CR1—, an aromatic divalent, trivalent or tetravalent group, and an alicyclic divalent, trivalent or tetravalent group, wherein the aromatic divalent, trivalent or tetravalent group, or the alicyclic divalent, trivalent or tetravalent group is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, or cyano or by a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue, wherein the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine or chlorine, wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl residue has 1 to 18 carbon atoms and, when present, the cyclic alkylene residue has 3 to 18 ring atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent —CH2— groups in the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue may independently be replaced by a group selected from the group consisting of —O—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH=CH— and —C=C—, R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl; K represents a divalent aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic radical; and G represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. 30. The polymer as claimed in claim 29, wherein Ti is derived from an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride. 31. The polymer as claimed in claim 30, wherein the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides used to form the tetravalent organic radical T1 is selected from the group consisting of 1,2,3,4- cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic acid dianhydride, 5-(2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-l,2-dicarboxylic acid dianhydride, 4-(2,5-dioxotefrahydrofuran-3-yl)tetrahydronaphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid dianhydride, 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic acid dianhydride and bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride. 32. The polymer as claimed in claim 29, characterized wherein T2 and T3, independently of each other, are derived from an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride. 33. The polymer as claimed in claim 32, wherein T2 and T3, independently of each other, are trivalent aromatic or alicyclic groups, wherein the three valencies of the trivalent aromatic or alicyclic group are distributed between three different carbon atoms, with the proviso that two of the valencies are located at adjacent carbon atoms. 34. The polymer as claimed in claim 32, wherein T2 and T3, independently of each other, are trivalent benzene derivatives. 35. The polymer as claimed in claim 29, wherein S4 is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, —(CH2)r—, — 36. The polymer as claimed in claim 35, wherein S4 is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxycarbonyl, 3-propylenecarbonyloxy, 5-pentyleneoxy, 5-pentyleneoxycarbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexyleneoxy, 6-hexyleneoxycarbonyl, 5-pentylenecarbonyloxy, 7-heptyleneoxy, 7-heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6-hexylenecarbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8-octyleneoxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyloxy, 9-nonyleneoxy, 9-nonyleneoxycarbonyl, 8-octylenecarbonyloxy, 10-decyleneoxy, 10-decyleneoxycarbonyl, 9-nonylenecarbonyloxy, 11-undecyleneoxy, 11-undecyleneoxycarbonyl, 10-decylenecarbonyloxy, 12-dodecyleneoxy, 12-dodecyleneoxycarbonyl, 11-undecylenecarbonyloxy, 3-propyleneiminocarbonyl, 4-butyleneiminocarbonyl, 5-pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneiminocarbonyl, 7-heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 8-octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9-nonyleneiminocarbonyl, 10-decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11-undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12-dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonylimino, 3-propylenecarbonylimino, 4-butylenecarbonylimino, 5-pentylenecarbonylimino, 6-hexylenecarbonylimino, 7-heptylenecarbonyIimino, 8-octylenecarbonylimino, 9-nonylenecarbonylimino, 10-decylenecarbonylimino, 11-undecylenecarbonylimino, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propyIeneoxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneoxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexylene, and 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexyleneoxy. 37. The polymer according claim 29, wherein S5 and Sg, independently of each other, are selected from the group consisting of a single bond, —(CH2)r—, —O—(CH2)r—, —CO— (CH2)r—, —CO—O—(CH2)r~, —0—CO— 38. The polymer as claimed in claim 37, wherein S5 and Ss, independently of each other, are selected from the ground consisting of 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, 2-oxyethylene, 3-oxypropylene, 4-oxybutylene, 5-oxypentylene, 6-oxyhexylene, 7-oxyheptylene, 8-oxyoctylene, 9-oxynonylene, 10-oxydecylene, 11-oxyundecylene, 12-oxydodecylene, 2-(oxycarbonyl)ethylene, 3-(oxycarbonyl)propylene, 4-(oxycarbonyl) butylene, 5-(oxycarbonyl)pentylene, 6-(oxycarbonyl)hexylene, 7-(oxycarbonyl)heptylene, 8-(oxycarbonyl)octylene, 9-(oxycarbonyl)nonylene, 10-(oxycarbonyl)decylene, 11-(oxycarbonyl)undecylene, 12-(oxycarbonyI)dodecyIene, 2-(carbonyloxy)ethylene, 3-(carbonyloxy)propylene, 4-(carbonyloxy)butylene, 5-(carbonyloxy)pentylene, 6-(carbonyloxy)hexylene, 7-(carbonyloxy)heptylene, 8-(carbonyloxy)octylene, 9-(carbonyloxy)nonylene, 10-(carbonyloxy)decylene, ll-(carbonyloxy)undecylene, 12-(carbonyloxy)dodecylene, 2-(carbonylimino)ethylene, 3-(carbonylimino)propylene, 4-(carbonylimino)butylene, 5-(carbonylimino)pentylene, 6-(carbonylimino)hexylene, 7-(carbonylimino)heptylene, 8-(carbonylimino)octylene, 9-(carbonylimino)nonylene, 10-(carbonylimino)decylene, 1 l-(carbonylimino)undecylene, 12-(carbonylimino)dodecylene, 2-iminoethylene, 3-iminopropylene, 4-iminobutylene, 5-iminopentylene, 6-iminohexylene, 7-iminoheptylene, 8-iminooctylene, 9-iminononylene, 10-iminodecylene, 11-iminoundecylene, 12-iminododecylene, 2-iminocarbonylethylene, 3-iminocarbonylpropylene, 4-iminocarbonylbutylene, 5-iminocarbonylpentylene, 6-iminocarbonylhexylene, 7-iminocarbonylheptylene, 8-iminocarbonyloctylene, 9-iminocarbonylnonylene, 10-iminocarbonyldecylene, 11-iminocarbonylundecylene, 12-iminocarbonyldodecylene, 2-(2-ethyleneoxy)ethylene, 2-(3-propyleneoxy)ethylene, 6-(4-butyleneoxy)hexylene, 2-(2-ethyleneiminocarbonyl)ethylene, 2-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)ethylene, 6-(4-butyleneiminocarbonyl)hexylene, 6-(3 -propyieneiminocarbonyloxy)hexylene, and 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl) hexylene. 39. The polymer as claimed in claim 29, wherein S6 and S7, independently of each other, are selected from the group consisting of a single bond, —(CH2)r—, —(CH2)r—O—, — (CH2)r—CO—, — NR1—, —O—CO—(CH2)r—CO—O—, —O—CO—(CH2)r—CO—NR1—, —O—CO— (CH2)r—NR1—CO—, —(CH2)r—O—(CH2)s—, —(CH2)r—CO—O—(CH2)s—, — (CH2)r—0—CO—(CH2)s— —(CH2)r—NR1—CO—(CH2)s—, —(CH2)r—NR1—CO— O—(CH2)s—, —(CH2)r—O—(CH2)s—O—, —(CH2)r--CO—O—(CH2)s—O—, — (CH2)r—0—CO—(CH2)s—O—, —(CH2)r—NR1—CO—(CH2)s—0—, — 40. The polymer as claimed in claim 39, wherein S6 and S7, independently of each other, are selected from the group consisting of 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3 -methyl-1,4-butylene, 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxycarbonyl, 3-propylenecarbonyloxy, 5-pentyleneoxy, 5-pentyleneoxycarbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexyleneoxy, 6-hexyleneoxycarbonyl, 5-pentylenecarbonyloxy, 7-heptyleneoxy, 7-heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6-hexylenecarbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8-octyleneoxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyloxy, 9-nonyleneoxy, 9-nonyleneoxycarbonyl, 8-octylenecarbonyloxy, 10-decyleneoxy, 10-decyleneoxycarbonyl, 9-nonylenecarbonyloxy, 11-undecyleneoxy, 11-undecyleneoxycarbonyl, 10-decylenecarbonyloxy, 12-dodecyleneoxy, 12-dodecyleneoxycarbonyl, 11-undecylenecarbonyloxy, 3-propyleneiminocarbonyl, 4-butyleneiminocarbonyl, 5-pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneiminocarbonyl, 7-heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 8-octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9-nonyleneiminocarbonyl, 10-decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11-undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12-dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonylimino, 3-propylenecarbonylimino, 4-butylenecarbonylimino, 5-pentylenecarbonylimino, 6-hexylenecarbonylimino, 7-heptylenecarbonylimino, 8-octylenecarbonylimino, 9-nonylenecarbonylimino, 10-decylenecarbonylimino, 11-undecylenecarbonylimino, 6-(3 -propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexylene, 6-(3 -propyleneoxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneoxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexyleneoxy, 1,2-ethylenedioxy, 1,3-propylenedioxy, 1,4-butylenedioxy, 1,5-pentylenedioxy, 1,6-hexylenedioxy, 1,7-heptylenedioxy, 1,8-octylenedioxy, 1,9-nonylenedioxy, 1,10-decylenedioxy, 1,11-undecylenedioxy, and 1,12-dodecylenedioxy. 41. The polymer as claimed in claim 29, wherein the divalent aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic divalent radical K is derived from an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic diamine by formal removal of the amino groups. 42. The polymer as claimed in claim 41, wherein the aliphatic or alicyclic diainine from which the radical K is derived is selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, 1,3- propylenediamine, 1,4-butylenediamine, 1,5-pentylenediamine, 1,6-hexylenediamine, 1,7- heptylenediamine, 1,8-octylenediamine, 1,9-nonylenediamine, 1,10-decylenediamine, 1,11- undecylenediamine, 1,12-dodecylenediamine, a,a'-diamino-m-xylene, a,a'-diamino-p- xylene, (5-amino2,2,4-trimethylcyclopentyl)methylamine, 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, 4,4'- diaminodicyclohexylmethane, l,3-bis(methylamino)cyclohexane and 4,9-dioxadodecane-1,12-diamine. 43. The polymer as claimed in claim 41, wherein the aromatic diamine from which the radical K is derived include is selected from the group consisting of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid methyl ester, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid hexyl ester, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid dodecyl ester, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid isopropyl ester, 4,4'-methylenedianiline, 4,4'-ethylenedianiline, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyldiphenylmethane, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine, 4,4'- diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 3,3'- dimethyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3'-diaminobenzophenone, 4,4'-diaminobenzophenone, 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-dimethylbibenzyl, bis[4-(4- aminophenoxy)phenyl] sulfone, 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,3-bis(4- aminophenoxy)benzene, l,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene, 2,7-diaminofluorene, 9,9-bis(4- aminophenyl)fluorene, 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline), 4,4'-bis(4- aminophenoxy)biphenyl, 2,2',5,5'-tetrachloro-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2'-dichloro-4,4'- diamino-5,5'-dimethoxybiphenyl, 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 4,4'-(l ,4- phenyleneisopropylidene)bisaniline, 4,4'-(1,3-phenyleneisopropylidene)bisaniline, 2,2- bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane, 2,2-bis[3-(4- aminophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis[3-amino-4- methylphenyljhexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane, 2,2'-bis-[4- (4-amino-2-trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane, 4,4'-diamino-2,2'- bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl, and 4,4'-bis[(4-amino-2-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]- 2,3,5,6,2',3',5',6'-octafluorobiphenyl. 44. The polymer as claimed in claim 29, wherein the polymer comprises less than 75% of monomer units that include a divalent group J. 45. The polymer as claimed in claim 29, wherein the polymer consists only of building blocks offormulaeV,VII or TX. 46. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 having an intrinsic viscosity in the range of 0.05 to 10 dL/g, the intrinsic viscosity (riinh=ln rirel/C) being determined by measuring a solution containing a polymer in a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml for its viscosity at 30° C. using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as solvent. 47. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 containing from 2 to 2000 monomer units. 48. A polymer composition comprising a polymer as claimed in claim 1 and an additive comprising a silane-containing compound, an epoxy-containing crosslinking agent, or both a silane-containing compound and an epoxy-containing crosslinking agent. 49. A polymer layer comprising one or more polymers as claimed in claim 1 in at least partially crosslinked form. 50. A process for preparing a polymer layer as claimed in claim 49, comprising applying one or more polymers to a support and, after any imidisation step which may be necessary, crosslinking the polymer or polymer mixture by irradiation with linearly polarised light. 51. An orientation layer for liquid crystals comprising one or more polymers as claimed in claim 1 in at least partially cross-linked form, wherein the orientation layer is capable of inducing a tilt angle in an adjacent liquid crystal. 52. The polymer layer as claimed in any one of claims 1- 48 for preparing an optical constructional element, optical or electro- optical device, unstructured and structured optical-elements or multi layer systems. Dated this 25lh day of July 2003. FOR ROLIC AG ByJheir Agent

Full Text

FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
[See section 10]
PHOTOACTIVE POLYMER;
ROLIC AG, A CORPORATION ORGANIZED AND EXISTING UNDER THE LAWS OF SWITZERLAND, WHOSE ADDRESS IS CHAMERSTRASSE 50, 6301 ZUG, SWITZERLAND;
GRANTED

THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATION
PARTICULARLY DESCRIBES AND
ASCERTAINS THE NATURE OF THE INVENTION AND THE MANNER IN WHICH IT IS TO BE PERFOMED.

25-1-2007

Photoactive polymer
5 The present invention relates to a photoactive polymer
based on polyimides, polyamic acids and esters thereof and their use as orientation layers for liquid crystals and in the construction of unstructured and structured optical elements and multi-layer systems.
10
The successful functioning of a liquid crystal device depends on the ability of the liquid crystal molecules within that device to adopt and maintain an imposed align¬ment. Alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is achieved
15 by use of an orientation layer which defines a direction of orientation for the liquid crystal molecules of the device with the result that the longitudinal axes of the molecules become aligned with the direction of orientation defined by the orientation layer. In addition to this directional
20 alignment, the orientation layer is also able to impart to the liquid crystal molecules an angle of tilt so that the molecules align themselves at an angle to the surface of the orientation layer rather than lying parallel hereto.
25 Tilt angles from 1° to 15° are usual for nematic liquid
crystal displays (LCDs). Some electro-optical effects used for LCDs however require alignment layers with very high pretilt angles. Vertically aligned nematic (VAN) LCDs for instance require pretilt angles between 85° and 30°, meas-
3 0 ured from the surface plane. In the case of hybrid aligned nematic (HAN) LCDs, the pretilt angle at one of the sub-

strates has to be in the above range, whereas the tilt angle at the other substrate is low (typically 0° to 10°). Methods of preparing structured and unstructured orienta¬tion layers are well known to a skilled person. Customarily 5 used uniaxially rubbed polymer orientation layers such as, for example, polyimides however impact a series of disad¬vantages like dust generation during the rubbing process, destruction of thin film transistors and lack of structur¬ing ability. Furthermore, the rubbing process does not 10 allow the production of structured layers.
Orientation layers in which the direction of orientation can be predetermined by irradiation with polarized light have been known for some time. It is by that means possible
15 to avoid the problems inherent to the rubbing process. In addition, it is possible to provide areas having different orientation and thus to structure the orientation layer as described for example in Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 31 (1992), 2155-64 (Schadt et al.). In that process the dimerisation
20 of polymer-bonded photoactive cinnamic acid groups induced by irradiation with linearly polarized light is employed leading to an anisotropic polymer network. Those photo-oriented polymer networks can be used wherever structured or unstructured liquid crystal orientation layers are
25 required.
In addition to their use in LCDs, such orientation layers can also be used, for example, in the production of so-called hybrid layers, as exemplified for instance in 30 European patent applications EP-A-0611981, EP-A-0689084 (both F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG) and WO-A-98/52077 (Rolic AG). Using those hybrid layers of photostructurable orientation polymers and crosslinkable low; molecular weight

liquid crystals it is possible to realize optical elements such as, for example, non-absorptive color filters, linear and circular polarizers, optical delay layers and so on.
5 EP-A-0611786 and WO-A-96/10049 (both P. Hoffmann-La Roche AG) , as well as EP-A-0763552 (Rolic AG), describe cinnamic acid polymers that are suitable in principle for the synthesis of such anisotrapically crOsslinked, phato-structured orientation layers for liquid crystals. In the
10 case of the compounds described in EP-A-0763552 and
WO-A-96/10049, on irradiation with linearly polarized light it is possible to induce, in addition to the desired orientation, simultaneously an angle of tilt. This allows the production of layers having structuring in respect of
15 surface orientation and angle of tilt.
The above photostructurable orientation layers have the disadvantage, however, that for certain applications, especially for use in Thin Film Transistor (TFT) displays,
20 they result in adjacent liquid crystal mixture having an
insufficient electrical resistivity value. In TFT displays, a too low resistivity value of the liquid crystal medium leads to an inadequate "holding ratio", which is a measure of the voltage drop in the display after the voltage has
25 been switched off. Low holding ratio values, however, bring about undesirable changes in brightness and contrast over time and thus result in unstable graduations of the grey tones.
30 Recently photoactive materials for orientation layers with improved holding ratios were described in WO-A-99/49360 (Rolic AG), JP-A-10-195296, JP-A-10-232400 (both Samsung Electron Devices Co., Ltd.), WO-A-99/15576 (Rolic AG) and

WO -A-99/51662 (Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo KK) . In WO-A-99/49360, JP-A-10-195296 and JP-A-10-232400 blends of polymeric compounds containing photoactive polymers on the one hand and polyimides on the other hand are proposed. A 5 disadvantage of such blends is their limited miscibility. Low contents of photoactive polymers however lead to a loss of orienting properties and consequently to a reduced contrast ratio of liquid crystal layers to be oriented whereas a reduced polyimide content results in insufficient 10 holding ratios. In WO-A-99/15576 and WO-A-99/51662
polyimides incorporating photoactive cinnamate groups in their side chains are described. WO-A-99/15576 discloses photoactive polymers which contain as side-chains photo-crosslinkable groups of the following formula:
15

These polyimides are said to combine the photoreactivity of the cinnamic acid skeletal structure and sufficiently high
2 0 holding ratios. There is no teaching of the improvement of
the orientation of liquid crystals. A problem with the polyimides is their poor solubility in the most organic solvents that make them difficult to process.
25 The ability of the resulting orientation layers to perform their function depends, in part, on the number of molecules in the layer that have been isomerised and/or dimerised as a result of irradiation with linearly polarized light. The extent to which the molecules are isomerised and/or
3 0 dimerised relies, in part, on the irradiation time, the

irradiation energy and the structure of the molecules being irradiated.
However, a problem with many polymers currently used in the 5 preparation of photo-oriented orientation layers is that relatively long irradiation times are required to make efficient isomerisation and/or dimerisation of the compo¬nent molecules.
10 Consequently, there is a need for stable photoalignable materials with short irradiation time, sufficiently high holding ratios and good processability. The present invention addresses that need and provides photoactive polymers of good processability that, when irradiated over
15 a relatively short time with polarized light, result in stable, high-resolution patternable orientation layers having angle of tilt, which at the same time allow sufficiently high holding ratios in the adjacent liquid crystal medium.
20
The inventors have found that polyimides incorporating as side-chains dendritic blocks with photoactive groups at their surface provide photoalignable materials which are advantageous with respect to at least one of the above
25 requirements. The illumination of these compounds with
linearly polarized light results in excellent orientation capability for liquid crystals, in sufficiently high holding ratio and simultaneously allows pre-tilt angles up to 90°. At the same time, the introduction of a dendritic
3 0 block improves solubility and processability.
A first aspect of the present invention therefore provides photoactive polymers from the class of polyimides,

more -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a
group A, with the proviso that oxygen atoms are not
directly attached to each other, wherein
A represents a group selected from -Q-, -CO-,
5 -CO-O-, -0-CO-, -NR1-, -NRl-CO-, -CO-NR1-,
-NRi-CO-O-, -O-CO-NR1-, -NR^-CO-NR1-, -CH=CH-/ -CsC-, -0-CO-O- and -Si(CH3)2-0-Si(CH3)2-, an aromatic or an alicyclic group, and wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl; 10
Di each independently of the other represent an organic
residue;
Z1 each independently of the other represent a single
15 bond or a spacer unit such as a straight-chain or
branched alkylene group which is unsubstituted, mono or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a group
2 0 B, wherein
B represents a group selected from -O-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -NR1-, -NR1-CO-, -CO-NR1-, -NR1-CO-0-, -O-CO-NR1-, -HRl-CO-NR1-, -CH=CH-, -C=C-, -0-CO-O- and -Si(CH3)2-0-Si(CH3)2-,
25 wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower
alkyl;
m and n each independently of the other represent the number of generations and having a value of 0 to 4,
3 0 with the proviso that 2
polyamide acids and esters thereof, characterized in that they comprise as side-chains a dendritic block incorporat¬ing photoactive groups at its surface.
S The dendritic block preferably represents a unit of formulae la, lb or a combination of them, for example formula Ic

10

15
wherein the broken line symbolizes the linkage to polyimide main chain; and wherein

20

represents a single bond or a spacer unit such as a straight-chain or branched alkylene group which is unsubstituted, mono or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having 1 to 3 0 carbon atoms, wherein one or

two generations and at most four generations are present.
5 For example, the 3rd generation of formula la is repre¬sented by the general formula II

10
The terminal moieties attached to Zi at the dendritic block surface are photoactive groups which can be photoisomerised or photodimerised on exposure to UV or laser light. The
15 terminal moieties can also be hydrogen, or an unit such as a straight-chain or branched alkyl group which is unsubsti-tuted, mono or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, cyano, having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein one or more -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a group A,
20 with the proviso that oxygen atoms are not directly
attached to each other; with the proviso that at least four terminal moieties must be photoactive groups.

By the term "aromatic" it should be understood to include optionally substituted carbocylic and heterocyclic groups incorporating five, six or ten ring atoms like furan, 5 phenyl, pyridine, pyrimidine, naphthalene, or tetraline units.
By the term "cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue which is unsubstituted, mono-substituted by cyano
10 or fluorine, chlorine, or poly-substituted by fluorine,
chlorine, having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent-CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a group A," it should be understood to include groups selected from the group comprising methyl, ethyl, propyl,
15 isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, cyclopentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, 3-methylpentyl, allyl, but-3-en-l-yl, pent-4-en-l-yl, hex-5-en-l-yl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy,
2 0 butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy,
isopentyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, hexyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, heptyloxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, undecyloxy, dodecyloxy, 3-methylpentyloxy, allyloxy, but-3-enyloxy, pent-4-enyloxy, cylohexylmethoxy, cyclopentylmethoxy, 25 methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl,
isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl, sec-butoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, pentyloxycarbonyl, isopentyloxycarbonyl, cyclopentyloxycarbonyl, hexyloxy-carbonyl, cyclohexyloxycarbonyl, octyloxycarbonyl, nonyl-
3 0 oxycarbonyl, decyloxycarbonyl, undecyl oxycarbonyl, dodecyl-
oxycarbonyl, 3-methylpentyloxycarbonyl, allyloxycarbonyl, but-3-enyloxycarbonyl, pent-4-enyloxycarbonyl, cylohexyl-methoxycarbonyl, cyclopentylmethoxycarbonyl, acetoxy,

ethylcarbonyloxy, propylcarbonyloxy, isopropylcarbonyloxy, butylcarbonyloxy, isobutylcarbonyloxy, sec-butylcarbonyl-oxy, fcert-butylcarbonyloxy, pentylcarbonyloxy, isopentyl-carbonyloxy, cyclopentylcarbonyloxy, 5 4- [3,4, 5-tris (octyioxy)benzyl] oxy, hexylcarbonyloxy, cyclohexylcarbonyloxy, (4-propyl cyclohexyl) methoxy, (4-propylcyclohexyi) carbonyloxy, (4-pentylbenzoyl) oxy, octylcarbonyloxy, nonylcarbonyloxy, decylcarbonyloxy, undecylcarbonyloxy, dodecylcarbonyloxy, 3-methylpentyl-
10 carbonyloxy, but-3-enyloxy, pent-4-enyloxy, acetyl, ethyl-carbonyl, propyl carbonyl, isopropylcarbonyl, butyl c arbonyl, isobutylcarbonyl, sec-butylcarbonyl, pentyl carbonyl, isopentylcarbonyl, cyclohexylcarbonyl, octylcarbonyl, nonylcarbonyl, decylcarbonyl, undecylcarbonyl, dcdecyl-
15 carbonyl, methoxyacetoxy, l-methoxy-2-propoxy,
3-methoxy-1-propo^y, 2-methoxyethoxy, 2-isopropo:cyethoxy, l-ethoxy-3-pentylQxy, 3-butynyloxy, 4-pentynyloxy, 5-chloropentynyl, 4-pentynecarbonyloxy, 6-propyloxyhexyl, 6-propyloxyhexylosty, 2-fluoroethyl, trifluoromethyl,
20 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1H, lff-pentadecafluorooctyl,
XR, Iff, 7H-dodecaf luoroheptyl, 2 - (perf luorooctyl) ethyl, 2-(perfluorobutyl)ethyl, 2-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl, 2-(perf luorodecyl) ethyl, perf ltioropropyl, perf luorobutyl, perfluoroheptyl, perfluorooctyl, perfluorononyl,
25 l-fluoropropoxy, 1-fluoropentyloxy, 2-fluorqpropoxy,
2,2-difluoropropo^y, 3-fluoropropoxy, 3,3-difluoropropoxy, 3,3,3-trifluoroprQpoxy, trifluoromethoxy and the like.
By the term "cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkylene 3 0 residue which is Unsubstituted, mono-substituted by cyano or fluorine, chlorine, or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having 1. to 24 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by

a group A," it should be understood to include groups selected from the group comprising 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 5 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-l,4-butylene, 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylene-carbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxycarbonyl, 3-propylenecarbonyloxy, 5-pentyleneoxy, 5-pentyleneoxy-carbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexyleneoxy, 6-hexylene-
10 oxycarbonyl, 5-pentylenecarbonyloxy, 7-heptyleneoxy, 7-heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6-hexylenecarbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8-octyleneoxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyl-oxy, 9-nonyleneoxy, 9-nonyleneoxycarbonyl, 8-octylene-carbonyloxy, 10-decyleneoxy, 10-decyleneoxycarbonyl,
15 9-nonylenecarbonyloxy, 11-undecyleneoxy, 11-undecyleneoxy-carbonyl, 10-decylenecarbonyloxy, 12-dodecyleneoxy, 12-dodecyleneoxycarbonyl, ll-undecylenecarbonyloxy,
3 -propyleneiminocarbonyl, 4 -butyleneiminocarbonyl,
5-pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneiminocarbonyl,
20 7-heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 8-octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9-nonyleneiminocarbonyl, 10-decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11-undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12 -dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2 -ethylenecarbonylimino, 3 -propyl ene carbonyl imino,
4 -butylenecarbonylimino, 5 -pentylenecarbonyl imino,
25 6-hexylenecarbonylimino, 7-heptylenecarbonylimino,
8-octylenec arbony 1 imino, 9 - nony 1 ene car b ony 1 imino, 10-decylenecarbonyl imino, 11-undecylenecarbonylimino, 6 - (3 -propyleneiminocarbonyloxy) hexylene, S - (3 -propylene -oxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneoxy) hexyleneoxy, 30 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3-propylene¬iminocarbonyl ) hexyl, 6 - (3 -propyleneiminocarbonyl) hexyloxy, 1,2-ethylenedioxy, 1,3-propylenedioxy, 1,4-butylenedioxy, 1,5-pentylenedioxy, 1, 6-hexylenedioxy, 1, 7-heptylenedioxy,

1,8-octylenedioxy, l,9~nonylenedioxy, 1,10-decylenedioxy, 1,11-undecylenedioxy, 1,12-dodecylenedioxy, 2-{4-[4-(2-oxy-ethylene)cyclohexyl]phenyl}ethyleneoxy, 2-[4'-(2-oxy-butylene)-1,l'biphenyl-4-yl] ethyleneoxy, 5 2-{4- [4-(2-oxy-ethylene)phenyl}ethyleneoxy, 2-{4-[4-(2-carbonyloxyethylene) cyclohexyl]phenyl}ethoxy, 2-[4'-(2-carbonyloxybutylene) -1, l'biphenylene-4-yl] ethyleneoxy, 6-{4- [4- (2-carbonyloxyethylene)phenyl}hexyleneoxy, 5-{ [4' - (4-oxybuteneoxy) -1,1' -biphenyl-4-yl] oxyjpentene-
10 carbonyloxy, 2-oxyethylene, 3-oxypropylene, 4-oxybutylene, 5-oxypentylene, 6-oxyhexylene, 7-oxyheptylene, 8-oxyoctylene, 9-oxynonylene, 10-oxydecylene, 11-oxyundecylene, 12-oxydodecylene, 2-(oxycarbonyl)-ethylene, 3-(oxycarbonyl)propylene, 4-(oxycarbonyl)-
15 butylene, 5-(oxycarbonyl)pentylene, 6-(oxycarbonyl)-hexylene, 7-(oxycarbonyl)heptylene, 8-(oxycarbonyl)-octylene, 9-(oxycarbonyl)nonylene, 10-(oxycarbonyl)-decylene, 11-(oxycarbonyl)undecylene, 12-(oxycarbonyl)-dodecylene, 2-(carbonyloxy)ethylene, 3-(carbonyloxy)-
2 0 propylene, 4- (carbonyloxy)butylene, 5-(carbonyloxy)-pentylene, 6-(carbonyloxy) hexyl ene, 7-(carbonyloxy)-heptylene, 8-(carbonyloxy)octylene, 9-(carbonyloxy)-nonylene, 10-(carbonyloxy)decylene, 11-(carbonyloxy)-undecylene, 12-(carbonyloxy)dodecylene, 2-(carbonyl-
25 imino)ethylene, 3-(carbonylimino)propylene, 4-(carbonyl-imino)butylene, 5-(carbonylimino)pentylene, 6-(carbonyl¬imino) hexylene, 7-(carbonylimino)heptylene, 8-(carbonyl-imino)octylene, 9-(carbonylimino)nonylene, 10-(carbonyl¬imino )decylene, 11 - (carbonylimino)undecylene, 12-(carbonyl-
30 imino)dodecylene, 2-iminoethylene, 3-iminopropylene, 4-iminobutylene, 5-iminopentylene, 6-iminohexylene, 7-iminoheptylene, 8-iminooctylene, 9-iminononylene, 10-iminodecylene, 11-iminoundecylene, 12-iminododecylene,

2- iminocarbonylethylene, 3-iminocarbonylpropylene, 4-imino-carbonylbutylene, 5-iminocarbonylpentylene, 6-imino-carbonylhexylene, 7-iminocarbonylheptylene, 8-imino-carbonyloctylene, 9-iminocarbonylnonylene, 10-imino-5 carbonyldecylene, 11-iminocarbonylundecylene, 12-imino-carbonyldodecylene, 2 - (2 - ethyl eneoxy) ethylene, 2- (3-propyleneoxy) ethylene, 6- (4-butyleneoxy) hexylene, 2- (2-ethyleneiminocarbonyl) ethylene, 2- (3-propyleneimino-carbonyl) ethylene, 6 - (4 -butyleneiminocarbonyl) hexylene, 10 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propylene-iminocarbonyl) hexylene and the like.
By the term "lower alkyl" it should be understood to include straight chain and branched hydrocarbon radicals 15 having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl groups are especially preferred.
By the term "alicyclic" it should be understood to include 20 non-aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring systems with 3 to 10 carbon atoms like cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cycloperitene, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, cyclohexadiene and decaline.
25 Especially preferred dendritic blocks are groups of formulae la and Ic.
Most preferred dendritic blocks are groups of formulae la.
30 It is also preferred that the groups Di are each
independently of the other an aromatic, an alicyclic or a -CR1 unit wherein R1 is as defined above.

It is especially preferred that the groups D^ are selected form 1,2,3-benzenetriyl, 1,3,4-benzenetriyl, 1,3,5-benzenetriyl or a group -CR1.
5 It is' preferred that the group Si is selected from a single covalent bond, -0-, -CO-0-, -0-C0-, -NR1-, -NR1-CO~, -CO-HR1-, -NR1-CO-O-, -O-CO-NR1-, -NR1-CO-NR1-, -CH=GH-, -CsC-, -O-CO-O-and a straight-chain or branched alkylene group, which is optionally substituted by one or more
10 groups selected from fluorine, chlorine and cyano and in which two or three non-adjacent alkylene -CH2- group are independently optionally replaced by a group A with the proviso that the total number of chain carbon atoms in the alkylene group does not exceed 24, wherein R1 represents a
15 hydrogen atom or lower alkyl.
It is more preferred that S1 is selected from single covalent bond, -CO-O-, -O-C0-, -(CH2)r-, -(CH2)r-0-, -(CH2)r-CO-, -(CH2)r-CO-, -(CH2)r-CO-0, - (CH2) r-0-C0-,
20 - (CH2)r-CO-NR:L-, - (CH2)r-NRx-C0-, - (CH2) r-NR1-, -0-(CH2)r-, -C0-0-(CH2)r-, -0-CO-(CH2)r-, -NR1-CO- (CH2)r-, -CO-NR1- (CH2)r- , -NR1-(CH2)r-, -O- (CH2) r-CO-0- , -0-(CH2)r-0-CO-, -0-(CH^r-CO-NR1', -O-(CH2) r-NRx", -0-(CH2)r-0-, -O-(CH2)r-NR1-C0-/ , -NR1-(CH2) r-CO-0-,
25 -NRl-(CHa)r-0-, -NR1-(CH2)r-NR1-, -NR1-(CH2) r-0-C0-,
-CO-NR1- (CHa) r-0- , -CO-NR1- (CH2) r-NR1- , -CO-NR1- (CH2) r-0-CO- , -0-C0-(CH2)r-C0-, -O-CO-(CH2)r-0-, -O-CO-(CH2) r-NR2-, -O-C0- (CH2) r-CO-G- , -O-CO- (CH2) r-CO-NR1- , -0-CQ-(CH2)r-NRx-CO-, -(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-, - (CH2) r-C0-0- (CH2) a- ,
30 -(CH2)r-0-CO-(CH2)a-, - (CH2)r-NRx-C0-(CH2)s-,
- (CHa) r-NRx-C0-0- (CH2) a- , - - (CHa) r-CO-O- (CHa) s-0, - (CHa) r-0-CO- (CH2) s-0,

- (CH2) r-NR1-CO- -CO-O- (CH2)r-0-(CH2)s and -CO-O- (CH2)r-0- (CH2)s-0-, wherein R1 is as defined above, r and s each represent an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 2 to 12, and r + S By the terms -(CH2)r-and -(CH2)S- it should be understood to include straight-chain or branched alkylene groupings containing r or s carbon atoms respectively.
15 It is especially preferred that S1 is selected from -(CH2)r-, -(CH2)r-0-, -(CH2)r-CO-0-, -(CH2)r-0-CO-, -(CH2)r-CO-NH-, - (CH2)r-NH-CO-, -0~(CH2)r-, -CO-O-(CH2)r-, -C0-NH-(CH2)r-, -0-C0-(CH2)r-, -O-C0- (CH2) r-C0-0- , -O-(CH2)r-0-C0-, -0(CH2)rC0-NH-, -0-(CH2)r-NH-C0-,
20 -CO-O-(CH2)r-0-, -C0-NH-(CH2)r-0-, -0-(CH2)r-0-, -(CH2)r-NH-CO-(CH2)S-/ -(CH2) r-NH-C0-O-(CH2)s-, -(CH2)r-0-(CH2)a-0-, -(CH2)r-NH-CO-(CH2)s-0- , -(CH2)r-NH-C0-0- (CH2)s-0-, -0- (CH2)r-NH-C0-(CH2)s-, -0-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0-, -0-C0-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0-;
25 -CO-O-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0"/ "0-(CH2)rNH-C0-(CH2)s-0- and -0-C0-(CH2)r-NH-CO-(CH2) s-0-, wherein r and s each represent an integer from 2 to 12 and r + s £ 15.
Examples of preferred groups Si include 1,2-ethylene, 30 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, l,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene,

1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-1, 4-butylene, 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylene-carbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxycarbonyl, 3-propylenecarbonyloxy, 5-pentyleneoxy, 5-pentyleneoxy-5 carbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexyleneoxy, 6-hexylene-oxycarbonyl, 5-pentylenecarbonyloxy, 7-heptyleneoxy, 7-heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6-hexylenecarbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8-octyleneoxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyl-oxy, 9-nonyleneoxy, 9-nonyleneoxycarbonyl, 8-octylene-
10 carobnyloxy, 10-decyleneoxy, 10-decyleneoxycarbonyl,
9-nonylenecarbonyloxy, 11 -undecyl eneoxy, 11-undecyleneoxy-carbonyl, 10-decylenecarbonyloxy, 12-dodecyleneoxy, 12-dodecyleneoxycarbonyl, 11-undecylenecarbonyloxy, 3-px'opyleneiminocarbonyl, 4-butyleneiminocarbonyl,
15 5-pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneiminocarbonyl, 7-heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 8-octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9-nonyleneiminocarbonyl, 10-decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11-undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12 -dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonylimi.no, 3 -propylenecarbonylimino,
20 4-butylenecarbonylimino, 5-pentylenecarbonylimino, 6-hexylenecarbonylimino, 7-heptylenecarbonylimino, 8-octylenecarbonyliird.no, 9-nonylenecarbonylimino, 10 - decy1enecarbony 1 imino, 11- unde cy 1 ene c arbony 1 imino, 6- (3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy) hexylene, 6- (3-propylene-
25 oxy) hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneoxy) hexyleneoxy,
6- (3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy) hexyleneoxy, 6- (3-propylene-iminocarbonyl) hexyl, 6- (3 -propyleneiminocarbonyl) hexyloxy, 1,2-ethylenedioxy, 1,3-propylenedioxy, 1,4-butylenedioxy, 1,5-pentylenedioxy, 1,6-hexylenedioxy, 1,7-heptylenedioxy,
30 1,8-octylenedioxy, 1, 9-nonylenedioxy, 1,10-decylenedioxy, 1,11-undecylenedioxy, 1,12-dodecylenedioxy, 2-oxyethylene, 3-oxypropylene, 4-oxybutylene, 5-oxypentylene, 6-oxyhexylene, 7-oxyheptylene, 8-oxy oc tyl ene,

9-oxynonylene, 10-oxydecylene, 11-oxyundecylene, 12-^oxy-dodecylene, 2-(oxycarbonyl)ethylene, 3 -(oxycarbonyl)-propylene, 4-(oxycarbonyl)butylene, 5-(oxycarbonyl)-pentylene, 6-(oxycarbonyl)hexylene, 7-(oxycarbonyl)-5 heptylene, 8-(oxycarbonyl)octylene, 9-(oxycarbonyl)-nonylene, 10- (oxycarbonyl) decylene, 11 - (oxycarbonyl) -undecylene, 12- (oxycarbonyl) dodecylene, 2- (carbonyloxy) -ethylene, 3 - (carbonyloxy) propylene, 4 - (carbonyloxy) -butylene, 5-(carbonyloxy)pentylene, 6-(carbonyloxy)-
10 hexylene, 7-(carbonyloxy) heptylene, 8-(carbonyloxy)-octylene, 9-(carbonyloxy)nonylene, 10-(carbonyloxy)-decylene, 11-(carbonyloxy)undecylene, 12-(carbonyl¬oxy) dodecylene, 2-(carbonylimino) ethylene, 3-(carbonyl-imino)propylene, 4-(carbonylimino)butylene, 5- (carbonyl-
15 imino)pentylene, 6-(carbonylimino)hexylene, 7- (carbonyl-imino) heptylene, 8 - (carbonyl imino) octylene, 9 - (carbonyl -imino)nonylene, 10- (carbonylimino)decylene, 11-(carbonyl-imino)undecylene, 12- (carbonylimino)dodecylene, ^-imino-ethylene, 3-iminopropylene, 4-iminobutylene, 5-imino-
20 pentylene, 6-iminohexylene, 7-iminoheptylene, 8-imino-octylene, 9-iminononylene, 10-iminodecylene, 11-imino-undecylene, 12-iminododecylene, 2-iminocarbonylethylene, 3-iminocarbonylpropylene, 4-iminocarbonylbutylene, 5-imino-carbonylpentylene, 6-iminocarbonylhexylene, 7-imino-
25 carbonylheptylene, 8-iminocarbonyloctylene, 9-imino-carbonylnonylene, 10-iminocarbonyldecylene, 11-imino-carbonylundecylene, 12 -iminocarbonyldodecylene, 2- (2-ethyleneoxy) ethylene, 2- (3-propyleneoxy) ethylene, 6- (4-butyleneoxy)hexylene, 2- (2-ethyleneiminocarbonyl) -
30 ethylene, 2- (3-propyleneiminocarbonyl) ethylene,
6- (4-butyleneiminocarbonyl) hexylene, 6- (3-propyleneimino-carbonyloxy) hexylene, 6 - (3 -propyleneiininocarbonyl) hexylene and the like.

It is preferred that the groups Zi are selected from a single covalent bond, -0-, -CO-0-, -0-C0-, -NR1-, -NR1-CO, -CO-NR1-, -NR1-CO-0-/ -0-CO-NR1-, -NR1-CO-NR1-, -CH=CH-, 5 -CsC-, -0-CO-o-and a straight-chain or branched alkylene group in which one to three non-adjacent alkylene -CH2-group are independently optionally replaced by a group -0-, -C0-0-, -0-C0-, ~CH=CH-, with the proviso that the total number of chain carbon atoms in the alkylene group does not 10 exceed 16, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl.
It is especially preferred that the groups Zi are selected form a single covalent bond, -0-, -C0-0-, -0-C0-, -NR1-C0-,
15 -CO-NR1-, and a straight-chain or branched alkylene group in which one to three non-adjacent alkylene -CH2- group are independently optionally replaced by a group -0-, -C0-0-, -0-C0-, with the proviso that the total number of chain carbon atoms in the alkylene group does not exceed 12,
20 wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl.
The photoactive groups preferably undergo photocyclisation reactions and are represented by the general formulae IIIa and IIIb:

Y Q—S3~-
Illb
wherein the broken line indicates the point of linkage to Zi; and wherein
S2 and S3 each independently of the other represent a
single bond or a spacer unit such as a straight-chain or branched alkylene group which is unsubstituted, mono or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having 1 to 3 0 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a group A, with the proviso that oxygen atoms are not directly attached to each other;
Q represents an oxygen atom or -NR1- wherein R1
represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl;
E represents pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl,
2,5-thiophenylene, 2,5-furanylene, 1,4- or 2,6-naphthylene; or phenylene; which is unsubstituted or mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine or by a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue which is unsubstituted mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having l to 18 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a group B;

represents -OR3, -NR4R5 or an oxygen atom, which defines together with the ring E a coumarin unit, wherein R3, R4 and R5 are selected from hydrogen, cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkylene residue which is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a group A, or R4 and R5 together form a C5-8 alicyclic ring;
10
X, Y each independently of the other represents hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl optionally substituted by fluorine having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which optionally one or more non-adjacent alkyl 15 -CH2- groups are replaced by -0-, -CO-O-, -0-CO-
and/or -CH=CH-; and
R2 is hydrogen, or is a straight-chain or branched alkyl residue which is unsubstituted, mono-substituted by 20 cyano or fluorine, chlorine, or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having l to 18 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a group A.
25
It is preferred that the group E is selected from pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2, 5-diyl, 2, 5-thiophenylene, 2,5-furanylene, 1,4- or 2,6-naphthylene and phenylene, which is unsubstituted or substituted by a cyclic,
3 0 straight-chain or branched alkyl residue which is
unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine having form l to 12 carbon atoms in which

optionally one or more non-adjacent alkyl -CH2- .groups are replaced by -0-, -CO-, -C0-0-, -0-CO-, -CH=CH- and C-C=C-.
It is especially preferred that E is selected from 5 2,5-furanylene, 1,4- or 2,6-naphthylene and phenylene; which is unsubstituted or substituted by a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in which optionally one or more non-adjacent alkyl -CH2- groups are replaced by -0-, -CO-, -C0-0-,
10 -O-CO-, -CH=CH- and -C=C-.
By the term "phenylene" it should be understood to include 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-phenylene, which is optionally substituted. It is preferred that the phenylene group is 15 either a 1,3- or a 1,4-phenylene. 1,4-phenylene groups are especially preferred.
Preferred groups F are selected from -OR3 and -NR4R5, wherein R3 and R4 represent a cyclic, straight-chain or
2 0 branched alkyl residue which is unsubstituted, mono- or
poly- substituted by fluorine, chlorine, cyano, having 1 to 18 carbons atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent alkyl -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by -O- or
-CH=CH-, wherein R5 is selected from a hydrogen atom or a 25 cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue which is unsubstituted, mono- or poly- substituted by fluorine, chlorine, cyano, having 1 to 18 carbons atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent alkyl -CH2- groups may independently
be replaced by -0- or -CH=CH-, or R4 and R5 together to
3 0 form a C5-8 alicyclic ring.

It is especially preferred that F is selected from the group comprising -OR3 or -NHR4, wherein R3 and R4 represent a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue which is unsubstituted, mono- or poly- substituted by fluorine 5 atoms, having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent alkyl -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by -0-.
Preferred groups Q are oxygen atom or -NH- . 10
It is especially preferred that Q is an oxygen atom.
It is preferred that the groups X and Y represent hydrogen.
15 Preferred photoactive groups are groups of formula IIIa.
It is preferred that the groups S2 and S3 are selected from a single covalent bond, -0-, -C0-0-, -0-C0-, -NR1-, -NR1-CO-, -C0-NR1-, -NR1 CO-O-, -0-CO-NR1-, -NR1-C0-NR1-,
20 -CH=CH-, -CsC-, -O-C0-O-and a straight-chain or branched alkylene group, which is optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from fluorine, chlorine and cyano and in which two or three non-adjacent alkylene -CH2- groups are independently optionally replaced by a group A with the
2 5 proviso that the total number of chain carbon atoms in the alkylene group does not exceed 24, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl.
It is more preferred that S2 is selected from a single 30 covalent bond, -CO-0-, -O-C0-, - (CH2) r-> -(CH2)r-0-,
-(CH2)r-C0-, -(CH2)r-C0-0-, -(CH2)r-0-C0-, -(CH2)r-CO-NR1-, -(CH2)r-NR1-C0-, -(CH2)r-NR1-, -0-(CH2)r-» -C0-0-(CH2)r-,

-0-C0-(CH2)r-/ -NR1-CO-(CH2)r- -CO-NR1-(CH2)r-, -HR1-(CH2)r- -O-(CH2)r-CO-0-, -O-(CH2)r-O-C0-, -0-(CH2)r-CO-NRl-, -0-(CH2)r-NR1-, -0-(CH2)r-0-, -0-(CH2)r-NR1-C0-/ -NR1-(CH2)r-C0-O-, -NR1-(CH2)r-0- , 5 "NR1-(CH2)r-NR1-, -NR1-(CH2)r-0-C0-, -CO-NR1-(CH2)r-0-, -CO-NR1- -0-CO-(CH2)r-NR1-CO-, -(CH2)r"0-(CH2)s~/ 10 -{CH2)r-CO-0-(CH2)s-, -(CH2)r-0-CO- - (CH2)r-NRi-CO-(CH2)s-, -(CH2)r-NR1C0-0-(CH2)s-,
-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0-/ -(CH2)r-C0-O-(CH2)s-O-/
-(CH2)r-O-CO-(CH2)s-0- , -(CH2)r~NR1-CO-(CH2)s-0-,
- (CH2) r-NR1 CO-O- (CH2) s-0- , -O- (CH2) r-0- (CH2) s- ,
15 -O-(CH2)r-C0-0-(CH2)s-, -O-tCH^r-NRi-CO-fCH^s-,
-0- (CH2)r-NR1-CO-0-(CH2)s-, -0-(CH2)rC00-(CH2)s-0-, -0-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0-, -O-(CH2)r-NR1-C0-(CH2)s-0-, -0-(CH2)r-NR1-CO-0-(CH2)s-0-, -CO-O-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s- and -C0-0(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0-, wherein R1 is as defined above, r 20 and s each represent an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 12, and r + s By the terms -(CH2)r-and -(CH2)S- it should be understood to include straight-chain or branched alkylene groupings 25 containing r or s carbon atoms respectively.
It is especially preferred that S2 is selected from a single covalent bond, -(CH2)r-, -(CH2)r-0-, -(CH2)r-CO-0-, -(CH2)r-O-CO-, -(CH2)r-CO-NH-, -(CH2)r-NH-CO-, -0-(CH2)r-,

-CO-0-(CH2)r-, -CO-NH-(CH2)r"» -0-C0- (CH2) x~ / -0-CO-(CH2)r-CO-0-, -O- (CH2) r-0-CO-, -0(CH2)rCO-NH-, -O-(CH2)r-NH-CO-, -CO-0-(CH2)r-0-, -CO-NH- (CH2) r-0- , "0- (CH2) r-0- , - (CH2) r-NH-CO- (CH2) s- , 5 -(CH2)r-NH-CO-Q-(CH2)s-, - (CH2) r-0-(CH2) s-0-,
-(CH2) r-NH-CO-(CH2)s-0-/ - (CH2)r-NHCO-0-(CH2) s-0-, -0-(CH2) r-NH-CO-(CH2)s-/ -0-(CH2)r-0-(CH2) s-0-, -0-CO-(CH2)r-0-(CH2> s-0- , -CO-0-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)a-0-, -0-(CH2)rNH-CO-(CH2)s-0- and -0-CO- (CH2) r-NH-CQ- (CH2) s-0- , 10 wherein r and s each represent an integer from 1 to 12 and r + s Examples of preferred groups S2 include 1,2-ethylene,
1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene,
15 1,7-heptylene, 1, 8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylene-carbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxycarbonyl, 3 -propylenecarbonyloxy, 5-pentyleneoxy, 5-pentyleneoxy-
20 carbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexylene oxy, 6-hexylene-oxycarbonyl, 5-pentylenecarbohyloxy, 7-heptyleneoxy, 7 -heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6 -hexyl ene carbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8-octyleneoxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyl-oxy, 9-nonylene oxy, 9-nonyleneoxycarbonyl, 8-octylene-
25 carbonyloxy, 10-decyleneoxy, 10-decyleneoxycarbonyl,
9-nonylene carbonyl oxy, 11-undecyleneoxy, 11-undecyleneoxy-carbonyl, 10-decylenecarbonyl oxy, 12-dodecyleneoxy, 12 -dodecyleneoxycarbonyl, 11-undecylene carbonyloxy, 3 -propyleneiminocarbonyl, 4-butyleneiminocarbonyl,
5-pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneiminocarbonyl, 7-heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 8-octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9 -nonyleneirninocarbonyl, 10 -decyleneiminocarbonyl,

11 -undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12 -dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonylimino, 3-propylenecarbonylimino, 4-butylenecarbonylimino, 5-pentylenecarbonylimino, 6-hexylenecarbonylimino, 7-heptylenecarbonylimino, 5 8~octylenecarbonylinu.no, 9-nonylenecarbonylimino, 10-decylenecarbonylimino, li-undecylenecarbonylimino, 6- (3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexylene, 6- (3-propylene-oxy) hexylene, 6 - (3 -propyleneoxy) hexyleneoxy, 6 - (3 -propyleneiminocarbonyloxy) hexyleneoxy, 6- (3 -propylene-
10 iminocarbonyl) hexyl, 6 - (3 -propyleneiminocarbonyl) hexyloxy, 1,2-ethylenedioxy, 1,3-propylenedioxy, 1,4-butylenedioxy, 1, 5-pentylenedioxy, 1, 6-hexylenedioxy, 1, 7-heptylenedioxy, 1, 8-octylenedioxy, 1, 9-nonylenedioxy, 1,10-decylenedioxy, 1,11-undecylenedioxy, 1,12-dodecylenedioxy and the like.
15
It is especially preferred that S3 is selected from a
single covalent bond, -(CH2)r-, -(CH2)r-0-, -(CH2)r-CO-, -(CH2)r-CO-0-, - (CH2)r-O-C0-, -(CH2)r-CO-NR1-, -(CH2r-NR1-CO-, - (CH2) r-NR1- , - (CH2) r-0-(CH2) s-, 20 -(CH2)r-C0~0-(CH2)s-, - (CH2) r-0-C0- (CH2) s- ,
- (CH2) r-NR1-CO- (CH2) s- , - (CH2) r-NR1-CO-0- (CH2) 3- , -(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0-, -(CH2)r-CO-0-(CH2)s-0-,
- (CH2) r-0-CO- (GH2) s-0- , - (CH2) r-NR1-CO- (CH2) s-0- ,
- (CH2) r-NR1i-CO-O-(CK2) s-O-, - (CH2) r-0~ (CH2) s-CO-0- and
25 - (CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0-CO-, wherein R1 is as defined herein
above; r and s each represent an integer from 1 to 20; and r + s
Examples of preferred groups S3 include, 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, 5 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylene-carbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxycarbonyl, 3 -propylene caxbonyl oxy, 5-pentylene oxy, 5-pentylene-oxycarbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexyleneoxy, 6-hexyleneoxycarbonyl, 5-pentylenecarbonyloxy,
10 7-heptyleneoxy, 7-heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6-hexylene-carbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8-octyleneoxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyloxy, 9-nonyleneoxy, 9-nonyleneoxy¬carbonyl, 8-octylenecarbonyloxy, 10-decylene oxy, 10-decyleneoxycarbonyl, 9-nonylenecarbonyloxy,
15 11-undecyleneoxy, 11-undecyleneoxycarbonyl, 10-decylene-carbonyloxy, 12-dodecyleneoxy, 12-dodecyl eneoxycarbonyl, 11-undecylenecarbonyloxy, 3 -propyleneirninocarbonyl, 4-butyleneiminocarbonyl, 5-pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneiminocarbonyl, 7-heptyleneiminocarbonyl,
2 0 8-octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9-nonyleneiminocarbonyl,
10 -decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11 -undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12 -dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonylindno, 3 -propylenecarbonylimino, 4 -butylenecarbonylimi.no, 5-pentylenecarbonylimino, 6-hexylenecarbonylimino, 25 7-heptylenecarbonylimino, 8-octylenecarbonylimino, 9-nonylenecarbonylimino, 10-decylenecarbonylimino, 11-undecylenecarbonylimino, 6- (3-propyleneirninocarbonyl -oxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneoxy)hexylene, 6- (3-propylene¬oxy) hexylene oxy, 6- (3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy) -
3 0 hexyleneoxy, 6- (3-propyleneirninocarbonyl) hexylene,
6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexyleneoxy and the like.

Preferred monomer units from which the main chains of the side-chain polymers according to the invention are built up, are the imide groups of the general formulae IV, VI and VIII and/or the analogous amic acid groups and araic acid ester groups of the general formulae V, VII and IX:

wherein:
the broken line symbolises the linkage to Si; 10
T1 represents a tetravalent organic radical;
T2, T3 each independently represent a trivalent
aromatic or alicyclic group which is unsubstituted or
15 substituted by from fluorine, chlorine, cyano or by a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue which is unsubstituted mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may
20 independently be replaced by a group selected from -0-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH=CH- and -C=C-;'

S4 to S8 each independently of the other represent a
single bond or a spacer unit such as a straight-chain or branched alkylene group which is unsubstituted, mono -substituted by fluorine, chlorine, cyano or 5 poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a group B;
10 J is selected from the group comprising a nitrogen atom, a group -CR1-and an aromatic or alicyclic divalent, trivalent or tetravalent group, which is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by from fluorine, chlorine, cyano or by a cyclic,
15 straight-chain or branched alkyl residue which is
unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may independently be replaced by a group selected from -0-, -CO-, -C0-0-,
20 -O-CO-, -CH=CH- and -C=C-, wherein R1 is as defined above;
K represents an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic divalent radical; and
25
represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
3 0 By the term "aliphatic" it should be understood to include saturated and unsaturated, straight-chain and branched alkyl groups, which may be optionally substituted and in

which one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups are replaced by one or more heteroatoms. Optional substituents include alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, amino, cyano, epoxy, halogen, hydroxy, nitro and oxo. Examples of heteroatoms that can 5 replace the one or more -CH2- groups include nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Replacement nitrogen atoms may be further substituted with groups such as alkyl, aryl and cycloalkyl.
10 The tetravalent. organic radical T1is preferably derived from an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride. Alicyclic or aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides are preferably selected from 1,1,4,4 -butanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride,
15 ethylenemaleic acid dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclo-butanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic acid dianhydride, 3,5,6-tricarboxynorbornylacetic acid dianhydride,
2 0 2,3,4, 5-tetrahydrof urantetracarboxylic acid dianhydride,
rel- [1S,5R,6R] -3-oxabicyclo[3 .2 .1] octane-2,4-dione-6-spiro--3' - (tetrahydrofuran-2' ,5' -dione) , 4- (2,5-dioxotetra-hydrofuran-3-yl) tetrahydronaphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid dianhydride, 5-(2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-3-methyl-25 -3-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid dianhydride,
bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2, 3,5, 6-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3, 5, 6-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and 1, 8-dimethyl-bicyclo[2 .2.2]oct-7-ene-2, 3,5, 6-tetracarboxylic acid
3 0 dianhydride.

Aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides are preferably selected from pyromellitic acid dianhydride, 3,3' ,4,4' -benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 4,4'-oxydiphthalic acid dianhydride, 3,3 ' ,4,4•-diphenyl-5 sulfonetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride,
1,4, 5, 8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 3,3' ,4,4' -dimethyldiphenylsilanetetr&carboxylic acid dian¬hydride, 3,3 ',4,4'-tetraphenylsilanetetracarboxylic acid
10 dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-furantetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 4~41 bis, 4 -dTicarboxyphenoxy) diphenyl sulFide diaimhydride, 4,4' -bis (3,4 -dicarboxyphenoxy) diphenyl sulfone dianhydride, 4,4' -bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) diphenylpropane dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride,
15 ethylene glycol bis(trimellitic acid) dianhydride, 4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(phthalic acid) dianhydride, 4,4'-(1,3-phenylene) bis (phthalic acid) dianhydride, 4,4'- (hexaf luoroisopropylidene) diphthalic acid dianhydride, 4,4'-oxydi(1,4-phenylene) bis(phthalic acid) dianhydride and'
20 4,4' -methylenedi(1,4-phenylene)bis (phthalic acid) dianhydride.
It is especially preferred that the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides used to form the tetravalent organic radical
25 Ti are selected from 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic
acid dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic acid dian¬hydride, 5- (2, 5-dioxotetrahydrofuran-3 -yl) -3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-l,2-dicarboxylic acid dianhydride,
3 0 4- (2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl) tetrahydronaphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid dianhydride, 4,4'-(hexafluoro¬isopropylidene) diphthalic acid dianhydride and bicyclo-[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5, 6-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride.

Each of the groups T2 and T3 can be derived from an ali¬phatic, alicyclic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride.
5 The groups T2 and T3 are preferably trivalent aromatic or alicyclic groups, the three valencies of which are distributed between three different carbon atoms, with the proviso that two of the valencies are located at adjacent carbon atoms. It is especially preferred that the groups T2 10 and T3 are trivalent benzene derivatives.
The group S4 is preferably selected from a single covalent bond, -(CH2)r-. -(CH2)r-0-, -(CH2)r-CO-, -(CH2)r-C0-0-, -(CH2)r-0-CO-, -(CH2)r-CO-NR1-, -(CH2)r-NR1-CO-, 15 -(CH2)r-NR1-, - (CH2) r-0- (CH2) s- , -(CH2)r-C0-0-(CH2)s-,
- (CH2) r-0-CO- (CH2) s" , ~ (CH2) r-NR1-- (CH2) s- ,
- (CH2) r-NRl-CO-0- (CH2) s- , - (CH2) r-0- (CH2) a-0- ,
- (CH2) r-C0-0- (CH2) s-O- , - (CH2) r-0-CO- (CH2) s-0- , -(CH2)r-NRl-CO-(CH2)s-0-, -(CH2)r-NRl-CO-0-(CH2)s-0-,
20 -(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-CO-0- and - (CH2) T-0- (CH2) s-0-CO-, wherein R1 is as defined herein above, r and s each represent an integer from 1 to 20, and r + s 25
Examples'of preferred groups S4 include 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene,
30 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylene-carbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxycarbonyl,

. 3-propylenecarbonyloxy, 5-pentyle'neoxy, 5-pentylene-oxycarbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexyleneoxy, 6-hexyleneoxycarbonyl, 5 -pentylenecarbonyloxy, 7-heptyleneoxy, 7-heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6-hexylene-5 carbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8-octyleneoxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyloxy, 9-nonyleneoxy, 9-nonylene-oxycarbonyl, 8-octylenecarbonyloxy, 10-decyleneoxy, 10 -decyleneoxycarbonyl, 9 -nonylenecarbonyloxy, 11-undecyleneoxy, ll-undecyleneoxycarbonyl, 10-decylene-
10 carbonyloxy, 12-dodecyleneoxy, 12-dodecyleneoxycarbonyl, 11-undecylenecarbonyloxy, 3 -propyleneiminocarbonyl, 4 - butyl eneiminocarbonyl, 5 -pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneirainocarbonyl, 7 -heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 8-octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9-nonyleneiminocarbonyl,
15 10-decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11-undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12 -dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2 -ethylenecarbonylind.no, 3 - propyl enecarbonylimino, 4 -butylenecarbonyl imino, 5-pentylenecarbonylimino, 6-hexylenecarbonylimino, 7-heptylenecarbonylind.no, 8-octylenecarbonylimino,
20 9-nonylenecarbonylimino, 10-decyl enecarbonylimino,
11-undecyl enecarbonylimino, 6- (3-propyl eneiminocarbonyl-oxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneoxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propylene-oxy) hexyleneoxy, 6- (3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy) -hexyleneoxy, 6 - (3 -propyleneiminocarbonyl) hexylene,
25 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexyleneoxy and the like.
The groups S5 and S8 are preferably selected from a single bond, -(CH2)r-. -0-(CH2)r-, -CO-(CH2)r-. -CO-O- (CH2) r-, -0-CQ-(CH2)r-, -NR1-CO- (CH2)r-f -NR1-(CH2) r-, 30 -C0-NR1-(CH2)r-/ -NRl-C0-(CH2)r-, - (CH2) r-0- (CH2) s- , - (CH2) r-C0-0- (CH2) s- , - (CH2) r-0-CO- (CH2) s-, -(CH2)r-NR1-CO-{CH2)s-, -(CH2)r-NR1C0-0-(CH2)s-,

-0- (CH2) r-0- (CH2) s-, -0- (CH2) r-CQ-0- (CH2) s-., -0- (CH2) r-0-C0- (CH2) s-, -0- (CH2) r-NR1-CO- (CH2) s- , -0-(CH2)r-NR1-CO-0-(CH2)s-l -0-CO- (CH2) r-0- (CH2) s" and -CO-0-(CH2)r-0--(CH2) S-, wherein R1 is defined as herein 5 above, r and s each represent an integer from l to 20, and r + s 10 Examples of preferred groups S5 and S8 include
1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, l,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, 2-oxyethylene, 3-oxypropylene,
15 4-oxybutylene, 5-oxypentylene, 6-oxyhexylene, 7-oxy-
heptylene, 8-oxyoctylene, 9-oxynonylene, 10-oxydecylene, 11-oxyundecy1ene, 12-oxydodecylene, 2-(oxycarbonyl)-ethylene, 3-(oxycarbonyl)propylene, 4-(oxycarbonyl) -butyl ene, 5-(oxycarbonyl)pentylene, 6-(oxycarbonyl)-
2 0 hexylene, 7-(oxycarbonyl) heptylene, 8-(oxycarbonyl)-octylene, 9-(oxycarbonyl)nonylene, 10-(oxycarbonyl)-decylene, 11 - (oxycarbonyl) undecylene, 12 - (oxycarbonyl) -dodecylene, 2 -(carbonyloxy)ethylene, 3 -(carbonyloxy)-propylene, 4-(carbonyloxy)butylene, 5-(carbonyloxy)-
25 pentylene, 6-(carbonyloxy)hexylene, 7-(carbonyloxy)-heptylene, 8-(carbonyloxy)octylene, 9~(carbonyloxy)-nonylene, 10-(carbonyloxy)decylene, 11-(carbonyloxy)-undecylene, 12-(carbonyloxy)dodecylene, 2-(carbonyl¬imino) ethylene, 3-(carbonylimino)propylene, 4-(carbonyl-
30 imino)butylene, 5-(carbonylimino)pentylene, 6-(carbonyl¬imino) hexylene, 7-(carbonylimino)heptylene, 8-(carbonyl-imino)octylene, 9-(carbonylimino)nonylene, 10-(carbonyl-

imino)decylene, 11-(carbonylimino)undecylene, 12-(carbonyl-indno) dodecylene, 2 - iminoethylene, 3 - iminopropylene, 4-iminobutylene, 5-iminopentylene, 6-iminohexylene, 7-iminoheptylene, 8-iminooctylene, 9-iminononylene, 5 10-iminodecylene, 11-iminoundecylene, 12-iminododecylene, 2-iminocarbonylethylene, 3-iminocarbcnylpropylene, 4-imino-carbonylbutylene, 5-iminocarbonylpenfcylene, 6-imino-carbonylhexylene, 7-iminocarbonylheptylene, 8-imino-carbonyloctylene, 9-iminocarbonylnonylene, 10-imino-
10 carbonyldecylene, 11-iminocarbonylundecylene, 12-imino-carbonyldodecylene, 2- (2-ethyleneoxy) ethylene, 2- (3-propyleneoxy) ethylene, 6- (4-butyleneoxy) hexylene, 2- (2-ethyleneiminocarbonyl) ethylene, 2- (3-propyleneimino-carbonyl) ethylene, 6- (4-butyleneiminc?carbonyl) hexylene,
15 6- (3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy) hexylene,
6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl) hexylene and the like.
The groups S6 and S7 are preferably selected from a single bond, -(CH2)r- -(CH2)r-0-, -(CH2)r-CO-, - (CH2) r-CO-0-,
20 -(CH2)r-0-C0-, -(CH2) r-CO-NR1-, - (CH2) r-NRl-CO- ,
-(CH2)r-NR1-, -0-(CH2)r-, -CO-O- (CH2) - , -O-CO-(CH2) r-, -NR1-CO- (CH2) r- , -CO-NR1- (CH2) r- , -NR1- (CH2) r- , -0-(CH2) r-C0-0-, -0-(CH2)r-0-CO-, -0- (CH2) r-CO-NR1- , -0-(CH2)r-NR1-, -0-(CH2)r-0-, -O-(CH2)r-NR1CO-,
25 -NR1-(CH2) r-CO-O-, -NR1- (CH2) r-0- , -NR1- (CH2) r-NR1- ,
-NR1-(CH2)r-0-C0-, -CO-NR1-(CH2) r-0-, -CO-NR1- (CH2) r-NR1- , -CO-NR1-(CH2)r-0-C0-, -0-C0(CH2)r-C0-, -O-CO-(CH2) r-0-, -O-C0- (CH2) r-NR1- , -O-CO- (CH2) r-CO-0- , -O-CO- (CH2) r-CO-NR1- , -0-C0- (CH2) r-NR1-'CO- , - (CH2) r-0- (CH2) a- /
30 -(CH2)r-CO-0-(CH2)S-, -(CH2)r-0-CO-(CH2) B->
- (CH2) r-NR1-CO- (CH2) s-, - (CH2) r-NR1-CO-O- (CH2) s" ,

-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0-, -(CH2)r-CO-0-(CH2)s-0-,
- (CH2) r-0-C0- (CH2) s-O- , - (CH2) r-NR^-CO- (CH2) B-0- ,
- (CH2) r-NR1 CO-O- (CH2) s-0- , -O- (CH2) r-0- (CH2) s- » -0- (CH2)r-CO-0-(CH2)s- , -0-(CH2) r-NR1-CO-(CH2)s- ,
5 -0"(CH2)r-NR1-CO-0-(CH2)s-, -0-(CH2)r-C0-0- (CH2)s-0-, -O- (CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0-, -O-(CH2)r-NR1-CO-(CH2)s-0-, -O- (CH2)r-NR1-CO-0- (CH2)s-0-, -CO-O- (CH2)r-0- (CH2)s-, -CO-0-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-0-, wherein R1 is defined as herein above; r and s each represent an integer from 1 to 20; and 10 r + s Examples of preferred groups Sg and S7 include 15 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxy-
2 0 carbonyl, 3-propylenecarbonyloxy, 5-pentyleneoxy,
5-pentyleneoxycarbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexyleneoxy, 6-hexyleneoxycarbonyl, 5-pentylene-carbonyloxy, 7-heptyleneoxy, 7-heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6-hexylenecarbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8-octylene-25 oxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyloxy, 9-nonyleneoxy,
9-nonyleneoxycarbonyl, 8-octylenecarbonyloxy, 10-decylene-oxy, 10-decyleneoxycarbonyl, 9-nonylenecarbonyloxy, 11-undecyleneoxy, 11-undecyleneoxycarbonyl, 10-decylene-carbonyloxy, 12 -dodecyl eneoxy, 12-dodecyleneoxycarbonyl,
3 0 ll-undecylenecarbonyloxy, 3-propyleneiminocarbonyl,
4-butyleneiminocarbonyl, 5-pentyleneiminocarbonyl,

6-hexyleneiminocarbonyl, 7-heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 8-octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9-nonyleneiminocarbonyl, 10-decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11-undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12-dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonylimino, 5 3-propyl enecarbonylimino, 4-butylenecarbonylimino, 5-pentylenecarbonylimino, 6-hexylenecarbonylimino, 7-heptylenecarbonylimino, 8-octylenecarbonylimino, 9 -nonylenecarbonylimino, 10 -decylenecarbonylimino, 11-undecyl enecarbonylimino, 6- (3-propyl eneiminocarbonyl-
10 oxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneoxy)hexylene, 6- (3-propylene-oxy)hexyleneoxy, 6- (3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy) -hexyleneoxy, 6 - (3 -propyleneiminocarbonyl) hexylene, 6- (3-propyleneiminocarbonyl) hexyleneoxy, 1, 2-ethylenedioxy, 1,3-propylenedioxy, 1,4-butyl enedioxy, 1,5-pentylenedioxy,
15 l,6-hexylenedioxy, 1,7-heptylenedioxy, 1,8-octylenedioxy, 1,9-nonylenedioxy, 1,10-decylenedioxy, 1,11-undecylene¬dioxy, 1,12-dodecylenedioxy and the like.
The aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic divalent radical K is 20 derivable from aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic diamines by formal removal of the amino groups. Examples of aliphatic or alicyclic diamines from which the radical K can be derived include ethylenediamine, 1, 3-propylenediamine, 1,4-butylenediamine, 1,5-pentylenediamine, 1,6-hexylene-25 diamine, 1, 7-heptylenediamine, 1, 8-octylenediamine,
1,9-nonylenediamine, 1,10-decylenediamine, 1,11-undecylene-diamine, 1,12-dodecylenediamine, a, a' -diamino-jn-xylene, a,a' -diamino-p-xylene, (5-amino2,2,4-trimethylcyclo-pentyl) methylamine, 1, 2-diaminocyclohexane, 4,4' -diamino-3 0 dicyclohexylmethane, 1,3-bis (methylamino) cyclohexane and 4,9-dioxadodecane-l,12-diamine.

Examples'of aromatic diamines from which the radical K can be derived include 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid'methyl ester, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid hexyl ester, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid dodecyl ester, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid isopropyl 5 ester, 4,4'-methylenedianiline, 4,4'-ethylenedianiline,
4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyldiphenylmethane, 3,3',5,5'-tetra-
methylbenzidine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone,
4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 1,5- diaminonaphthalene,
3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl
10 ether, 3,3'-diaminobenzophenone, 4,4'-diaminobenzophenone, 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-dimethylbibenzyl, bis [4-(4-aminophenoxy)-phenyl] sulfone, 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)-benzene, 2,7-diaminofluorene, 9,9-bis (4-aminophenyl)-
15 fluorene, 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) ,
4,4'-bis(4-aminophenoxy)biphenyl, 2,2',5,5'-tetrachloro--4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2'-dichloro-4,4'-diamino--5,5'-dimethoxybiphenyl, 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-diamino-biphenyl, 4,4'-(l,4-phenyleneisopropylidene)bisaniline,
20 4,4•-(1,3-phenyleneisopropylidene)bisaniline, 2,2-bis [4-(4-aminophehoxy)phenyl]propane, 2,2-bis [3- (4-aminophenoxy)phenyl] hexaf luoropropane, 2,2-bis [3-amino-4-methylphenyl] hexaf luoropropane, 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane,
25 2, 2'-bis- [4- (4-amino-2 -trifluoromethylphenoxy) phenyl] hexa-fluoropropane, 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-biphenyl, and 4,4'-bis[(4-amino-2-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]--2,3,5,6,2",3',5",6'-octafluorobiphenyl.
3 0 The group J may be divalent, trivalent or tetravalent. When J is divalent, it serves to link the groups S4 and S5, S6 and S7 or S8 and N respectively of the groups IV to IX. It will be appreciated that when J is a divalent group, the

monomer unit of which it forms a part is not linked to a side chain group of formula la, lb or combination of them. When J is a trivalent or a tetravalent group, it serves to link the monomer unit, of which it forms a part, to one or 5 two side chain groups of formulae la, lb or combination of them respectively. It is preferred that the photoactive polymer comprises less than 75 % of monomer units including a divalent group J, preferably less than 50 % and espe¬cially less than 30 %. Monomer units comprising a trivalent 10 group J are preferred.
The building blocks of the formulae V, VII and IX are amic acid groupings or amic acid ester groupings (i.e. carboxamide-carboxylic acid groupings or carboxamide-
15 carboxylic acid ester groupings) which on the one hand may occur as a result of incomplete imidisation in the polyimide chain. On the other hand, polymers that consist only of building blocks of formulae V, VII or IX, that is to say polyamic acids or polyamic acid esters, are
20 important precursors for the preparation of the polyimides according to the invention and are also included in the present invention. Of those polymers which contain groups of formulae V, VII or IX, preference is given to those in which G is hydrogen, that is to say those which consist
25 exclusively of, or contain some, polyamic acid groups.
The polymers of the invention may be prepared using methods that are known to a person skilled in the art and.a second aspect of the invention provides a method of preparing a 30 compound as defined above.
Polyamic acids and polyimides of the present invention may be prepared in accordance with known methods, such as those

described in Plast. Eng. .36 (1996) (Polyimides, fundamen¬tals and applications).
For example, the polycondensation reaction for the prepara-5 tion of the polyamic acids is carried out in solution in a
polar aprotic organic solvent, such as y-butyrolactone, N,N- dime thylacet amide, N-methylpyrrolidone or N, N- dime thy 1-formamide. In most cases equimolar amounts of the dian-hydride and the diamine are used, that is to say one amino
10 group per anhydride group. If it is desired to stabilise the molecular weight of the polymer, it is possible for that purpose to add an excess or a less-than-stoichiometric amount of one of the two components or to add a monofunc-tional compound in the form of a dicarboxylic acid monoan-
15 hydride or in the form of a monoamine. Examples of such monofunctional compounds are maleic acid anhydride, phthalic acid anhydride, aniline and so on. The reaction is carried out preferably at a temperature of less than 100 °C.
20
The cyclisation of the polyamic acids to form the polyimides can be carried out by heating, that is to say by condensation with removal of water or by other imidisation reactions with reagents. When carried out purely thermally,
2 5 the imidisation of the polyamic acids is not always
complete, that is to say the resulting polyimides may still contain proportions of polyamic acid. The imidisation reactions are generally carried out at a temperature of from 60 to 250 °C, but preferably at less than 200 °C. In
3 0 order to achieve imidisation at rather lower temperatures
there are additionally mixed into the reaction mixture reagents that facilitate the removal of water. Such

reagents are, for example, mixtures consisting of acid anhydrides, such as acetic acid anhydride, propionic acid anhydride, phthalic acid anhydride, trifluoroacetic acid anhydride, and tertiary amines, such as triethylamine, 5 trimethyl amine, tributylamine, pyridine, N,N- dimethyl -aniline, lutidine, collidine etc. The amount of reagents used in that case is preferably at least two equivalents of amine and four equivalents of acid anhydride per equivalent of polyamic acid to be condensed. 10
The imidisation reaction can be carried out before or alternatively only after application to a support.
The polyamic acids and the polyimides of the present 15 invention have an intrinsic viscosity preferably in range of 0.05 to 10 dL/g, more preferably 0.05 to 5 dL/g. Herein, the intrinsic viscosity is determined by
measuring a solution containing a polymer in a concentra¬tion of 0.'5 g/100 ml for its viscosity at 30 °C using 20 .N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as solvent.
The polyamic acid chains or polyimide chains of the present invention preferably contain from 2 to 2000 monomer units, especially from 3 to 200.
25
Additives such as silane-containing compounds and epoxy-containing crosslinking agents may be added to the polymers of the invention in order to improve the adhesion of the polymer-to a substrate. Suitable silane-containing
30 compounds are described in fast. Eng. 36 (1996)
(Polyimides, fundamentals and applications). Suitable
epoxy-containing crosslinking agents include
4,4' -methylenebis {Nt W-diglycidylaniline) , trimethylol-

propane triglycidyl ether,. benzene-1, 2, 4,.5-tetracarboxylic . acid 1,2:4, 5-N,N'-diglycidyldiimide, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, N, N-diglycidylcyclohexylamine and the like. 5
Further additives such as a photosensitiser, a photoradical generator and/or a cationic photoinitiator may also be added to the polymers of the invention. Suitable photo¬active additives include 2,2-dimethoxyphenylethanone, a 10 mixture of diphenylmethanone and N,N-dimethylbenzenamine or ethyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate, xanthone, thioxanthone, IRGACDRE™ 184, 369, 500, 651 and 907 (Ciba) , Michler' s ketone, triaryl sulfonium salt and the like.
15 The polymers according to the invention may be used alone or in combination with other polymers, oligomers, monomers, photoactive polymers, photoactive oligomers and/or photo¬active monomers, depending upon the application to which the polymer layer is to be put. It will therefore be .
20 appreciated that by varying the composition of the polymer layer it is possible to control properties such as an induced pretilt angle, good surface wetting, high voltage holding ratio, a specific anchoring energy etc.
25 Polymer layers may be readily prepared from the polymers of the present invention and a third aspect of the invention provides a polymer layer comprising a polymer according to the present invention in a crosslinked form. The polymer layer is preferably prepared by applying one or more
3 0 polymers according to the invention to a support and, after any imidisation step which may be necessary, crosslinking the polymer or polymer mixture by irradiation with linearly polarised light. It is possible to vary the direction of

orientation and the tilt angle within the polymer layer by controlling the direction of irradiation of the linearly polarised light. It will be appreciated that by selectively irradiating specific regions of the polymer layer it is 5 possible to align very specific regions of the layer and provide layers with a defined angle of tilt. This orientation and tilt is retained in the polymer layer by the process of crosslinking.
10 It will be appreciated that the polymer layers of the
present invention can also be used as orientation layers for liquid crystals and a preferred embodiment of the third aspect of the invention provides an orientation layer comprising one or more polymers according to the invention
15 in a crosslinked form. Such orientation layers can be used in the manufacture of optical constructional elements, preferably in the production of hybrid layer elements.
The orientation layers are suitably prepared from a 20 solution of the polymer material. The polymer solution is applied to a support optionally coated with an electrode (for example a glass plate coated with indium-tin oxide
(ITO) ) so that homogeneous layers of 0.05 to 50 urn thickness are produced. In this process different coating
25 techniques like spincoating, miniscuscoating, wirecoating, slotcoating, offsetprinting, flexoprinting, gravurprinting may be used. Then, or optionally after prior imidisation, the regions to be oriented can be irradiated, for example, with a high-pressure mercury vapour lamp, a xenon lamp or a
3 0 pulsed UV laser, using a polarizer and optionally a mask for creating images of structures. The irradiation time is dependent upon the output of the individual lamps and can vary from a few seconds to several hours. The dimerisation

can also be carried out, however, by irradiation of the homogeneous layer using filters that, for example, allow only the radiation suitable for the crosslinking reaction to pass through. 5
It will be appreciated that the polymer layers of the invention may be used in the production of optical or electro-optical devices having at least one orientation layer as well as unstructured and structured optical 10 elements and multi-layer systems.
A further embodiment of the third aspect of the invention provides an optical or electro-optical device comprising one or more polymers according to the first aspect of the 15 invention in crosslinked form. The electro-optical devices may comprise more than one layer. The or each of the orientation layer3 may contain one or more regions of different spatial orientation.
20
The polymers in accordance with the invention are illustrated in more detail by the following Examples.
25 Example 1
79.0 mg (0.403 mmol) of 1,2,3,4-cyclobutantetracarboxylic acid dianhydride was added to a solution of 850.0 mg (0.446 mmol) of 6-{ [3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(8-{2-methoxy-4-[(IE) -3 0 3 -methoxy-3 -oxo-1-propenyl] phenoxy} octyl) oxy] benzyl} oxy) benzoyl] oxy}hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate in 1.40 ml of tetra-hydrofurane. Stirring was then carried out at 0 °C for 2 hours. Then another 8.8 mg (0.045 mmol) of

1,2,3,4-cyclobutantetracarboxylic acid dianhydride were added. The mixture was subsequently allowed- to react for 22 hours at room temperature. The polymer mixture was diluted with 1.5 ml THF, precipitated into 100 ml diethyl ether and 5 collected by filtration. The polymer was reprecipitated form THF (10 ml) into 200 ml water to yield, after drying at room temperature under vacuum, 0.76 g of Polyamic Acid 1 in'the from of a beige powder; =0.17 dL/g.
10 The 6-{[3,S-bis({3f5-bis[(8-{2-m'ethoxy-4-[(lE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl] phenoxyjoctyl) oxy]benzyl}oxy)benzoyl] oxy}-hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate used as starting material was prepared in accordance with the following procedure.
15 Preparation of methyl (2E) -3- (4- [ (8-chloroctyl) oxy] -3-methoxyphenyl}- 2 -propenoate
20.0 g (96.06 mmol) methyl (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate, 16.6 g (100.9 mmol) 8-chlor-l-
20 octanol and 27.7 g (105.7 mmol) of triphenylphosphine were dissolved in 400 ml of tetrahydrofurane. The colorless solution was subsequently cooled to 0 °C and 46.0 g (105.7 mmol) of a 40 % solution of azodicarboxylic acid diethyl ester in toluene was added dropwise thereto over a
2 5 period of 25 minutes. The mixture was subsequently allowed to react for 4 hours at 0 °C. The reaction mixture reduced in volume by evaporation. The resulting residue was added to a mixture of methanol and water (3:2) and was then extracted with a mixture of tert. -butyl -methylether: hexane
30 1:1. The tert.-butyl-methylether:hexane phase was washed repeatedly with water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation. The crude

product was.recrystallised from 2-rpropanol yielded 3 0.8 g {90 %) methyl (2E)-3-{4-{(8-chloroctyl)oxyj-3-methoxy-phenyl}-2-propenoate as white crystals.
5 Preparation of methyl (2E)-3-{4-[(8-iodoctyl)oxy]-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate
26.8 g (75.52 mraol) methyl (2E)-3-{4-[(8-chloroctyl)oxy3-3-methoxyphenyl} -2-propenoate was dissolved in 1000 ml
10 acetone. 65.16 g (435.15 mmol) sodium iodide were added. The reaction suspension was heated at reflux temperature for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was partitioned between diethylether and water. The organic phase was washed repeatedly with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered
15 and concentrated by rotary evaporation. The crude product was recrystallised from 2-propanol yielded 30.1 g (90 %) methyl (2E)-3-{4- [ (8-iodoctyl)oxy] -3-methoxyphenyl}-2-propenoate as white crystals,
20 Preparation of 3,5-bis(8-{2-methoxy-4-[(1E)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl] phenoxy}octyl) oxy] benzyl alcohol
5.87 g (13.15 mmol) methyl (2E)-3-{4-[(B-iodoctyl)oxy]-3-methoxyphenyl}-1-propenoate, 0.872 g (6.26 mmol)
25 3,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol were dissolved in 50 ml N,N-dimethylformamide. 4.33 g' (31.31 mmol) potassium carbonate were added. The reaction suspension was then heated at reflux temperature for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and a saturated sodium
30 chloride solution. The organic phase was washed repeatedly with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation. Chromatography of the residue on 240 g silica gel using first toluene: ethyl

acetate (4:1) then (7:3.) yielded 2.15 g (42 %) 3,5-bis[(8-{2-methoxy-4- [ (1E) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl]phenoxy}-octyl)oxy]benzyl alcohol as colorless oil.
5 Preparation of 6-chlorhexyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate
1.541 g (10.0 mmol) 3,5-dihyroxybenzoic acid, 2.732 g (20.0 mmol) 6-chlor-l-hexanol were dissolved in 20 ml toluene, and 0.2 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid was added
10 thereto. The reaction mixture was then heated at reflux
temperature for 2 0 hours, and was partitioned between ethyl acetate and a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase was washed repeatedly with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated by rotary evapo-
15 ration. Chromatography of the residue'on 120 g silica gel using cyclohexane:ethyl acetate (7:3) as eluant yielded 2.3 g (84 %) of 6-chlorohexyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate as orange oil.
20 Preparation of 5- [ (3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] hexyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate
1.960 g (9.2 mmol) 3/5-dinitrobenzoic acid was suspended in 10 ml N,N-dimethylformamide. 1.407 g (9.2 mmol)
25 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4 . 0]undec-7-ene (1, 5-5) (DBU) were added dropwise over a period of 10 minutes, and 0.708 g (1.9 mmol) tetrabutylammonium iodide were added. A solution of 2.3 g (8.2 mmol) 6-chlorohexyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate and 15 ml N,N-dimethylformamide were added and the resulting
3 0 mixture was then heated to 84 °C for 22 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and then partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic phase was washed repeatedly with water, dried- over sodium sulfate, filtered and

concentrated by rotary evaporation. Chromatography of the residue on 110 g silica gel using first cyclohexane:ethyl acetate (7:3) then (3:2) as eluant yielded 2.3 g (56 %) of 6- [ (3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)oxy]hexyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate as 5 yellow crystals.
Preparation of 6- [ (3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] hexyl 3,5-bis({3,5-bisf(8-{2-methoxy-4-[(IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl]phenoxy}octyl)oxy]benzyl}oxy} benzoate
10
0.488 g (1.09 mmol) of 6-[ (3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)oxy}hexyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate, 0.601 g (2.29 mmol) triphenyl-phosphine were dissolved in 20 ml tetrahydrofurane. 1,694 g (2.18 mmol) 3,5-bis[(8-{2-methoxy-4-[(1E)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-
15 1-propenyl3phenoxy}octyl) oxy]benzyl alcohol were added, the resulting suspension was heated of 40 °C- After dissolution
the reaction solution was cooled to o °C and 1.01 g (2.32 mmol) of a 40 % solution of azodicarboxylic acid diethyl ester in toluene was added dropwise thereto over a
2 0 period of 5 minutes. The mixture was subsequently allowed
to react for 2 hours at 0 °C and 1 hours at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was then partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic phase was washed repeatedly with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated 25 by rotary evaporation. First chromatography of the residue on 120 g silica gel using toluene:ethyl acetate (9:1) as eluant and second chromatography on 40 g LiChroprep RP-18 using Acetonitrile:tetrahydrofurane (9:1) as eluant yielded 1.50 g (67.0 %) of 6-[(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)oxy]hexyl 3,5-
3 0 bis({,f5-bis[(8-{2-methoxy-4-[(1E)~3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-
propenyl]phenoxy}octyl)oxy]benzyl}oxy} benzoate as colorless oil.

Preparation of 6-{[3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(8-{2~methoxy-4-[(IE) -3 -methoxy-3-oxo-1 -propenyl] phenpxy}octyl) oxy] benzyl)oxy) -benzoyl]oxy}hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate
5 1.436 g (0.73 mmol) 6-[(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)oxy]hexyl
3,5-bis ({3,5-bis [ (8-{2-methoxy-4-[(IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl]phenoxy}octyl) oxy]benzyl}oxy} benzoate were dissolved in a mixture of 10.5 ml N,N-dimethylformamide and 0.8 ml water. 1.188 g (4.40 mmol) Ferric chloride
10 hexahydrate and 0.716 g (10.95 mmol) Zinc powder were added, the temperature rise to 43 °C. The mixture was allowed to react for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was then partitioned between ethyl acetate and water and filtered. The organic phase was washed repeatedly with water, dried
15 over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation. Chromatography of the residue on 55 g silica gel using dichloromethane:acetone (9:1) as eluant yielded 0.87 g (62%) of 6-{[3,5-bis({3/5-bis[(8-{2-methoxy-4-[ (IE) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl]phenoxy}octyl) oxy] benzyl}-
20 oxy)benzoyl]oxyjhexyl 3, 5-diaminobenzoate as brown oil.
The following diamines can be synthesized in a analogous manner:
25 6-{[3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(6-{2-methoxy-4-[(IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl] phenoxy}hexyl) oxy]benzyl}oxy) benzoyl] oxyjhexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate;
6-{[3,5-bis({3,4,5-tris[(6-{2-methoxy-4-[(1E)-3-methoxy-3-3 0 oxo-1 -propenyl] phenoxy} hexyl) oxy] benzyl} oxy) benzoyl] oxy} -hexyl 3, 5-diaminobenzoate;

S-{ [3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(6-{2-methoxy-4- [(IE) -3- (pentyloxy) -3-oxo-l-propenyl] phenoxy}hexyl) oxy] benzyl}oxy)benzoyl] oxy} -hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate;
5 6-{ [3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(6-{2-methoxy-4~ [(1E)-3- [(2-ethyl-pentyl) oxy] -3-oxo-1-propenyl] phenoxy}hexyl) oxy] benzyl} -oxy) benzoyl] oxy}hexyl 3, 5 -diaminobenzoate;
6-{ [3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(ll-{2-methoxy-4- [ (IE) -3-methoxy-3-10 oxo-l-propenyl] phenoxy}undecyl) oxy]benzyl}oxy) benzoyl] -oxy}hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate;
6-{ [3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(ll-{2-methoxy-4- [(1E) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] phenoxy }undecyl) oxy] benzyl}oxy) benzoyl] -15 oxy}hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate;
6-{ [3,5-bis({3,4-bis[(6-{2-methoxy-4- [(1E) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] phenoxy}hexyl) oxy]benzyl]oxy)benzoyl] oxy}hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 20
6-{ [3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(8-{2-methoxy-4- [(IE) -3-hexyloxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] phenoxy}octyl) oxy] benzyl}oxy) benzoyl] oxy} -hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate;
25 11-{ [3/5-bis({3,5-bis[ (6- {2-methoxy-4- [(IE) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] phenoxy}hexyl) oxy] benzyl}oxy) benzoyl] oxy} -undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate;
2-{ [3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(6-{2-methoxy-4- [(IE) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-30 l-propenyl] phenoxy}hexyl)oxy]benzyl]oxy)benzoyl]oxyjethyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate;

6-{ [3,5-bis({3,5-bis[.(6-{4-[(lE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] phenoxy} hexyl) oxy] benzyl} oxy) benzoyl] oxy} hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate;
5 6-{[3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(6-{2-(cyclohexylmethoxy)-4-[(IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] phenoxy}hexyl)oxy]benzyl}oxy) -benzoyl]oxy]hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate;
6-{[3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(6-{2-methoxy-4-[(IE)-3-(pentyloxy)-3-10 oxo-1-propenyl] phenoxy}hexyl) oxy] benzyl}oxy)benzoyl] oxy} -hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate;
6-{[3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(6-[({4-[(1E)~3-methoxy-3-oxo-i-propenyl] benzoyl}oxy) hexyl] oxy] benzyl}oxy) benzoyl] oxy} -15 hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate;
4-(2,5-diaminophenoxy)butyl 3,5-bis{[3,5-bis(4-{4-[(1E)-3-methoxy-3-bxo-1-propenyl] phenoxy} but oxy) benzyl] oxy} -benzoate; 20
2,2'-bis({[3,5-bis{[3, 5-bis (4-{4-[(IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] phenoxy}butoxy) benzyl] oxy]benzoyl] oxy}hexyloxy) -1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine.
25
Example 2
0.50 g of Polyamic Acid 1 obtained in Example 1 were dissolved in 3 ml of tetrahydrofurane. Thereto were added 30 73 mg (0.92 mmol) of pyridine and 94 mg (0.92 mmol) acetic acid anhydride, and the dehydration and ring closure was carried out at reflux temperature for 2 hours. The polymer mixture was diluted with 1.5 ml THF, precipitated into

100 ml diethyl ether and collected by filtration. The polymer was reprecipitated form THF (10 ml) into 200 ml water to yield, After drying at room temperature under vacuum, to yield Polyimide l. 5
Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example l 10 using 138.3 mg (0.446 mmol) of 4,4'-oxydiphtalic anhydride and 850.0 mg (0.446 mmol) of 6-{[3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(8-{2-methoxy-4- [ (1E) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl]phenoxy}-octyl)oxy]benzyl}oxy) benzoyl]oxy}hexyl 3,5-diamino-benzoate, to yield Polyamic Acid 2. 15
Example 4
Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 20 using 133.9 mg (0.446 mmol) of 4-(2,5-Dioxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-tetralin-l,2-dicarboxylic anhydride and 850.0 mg (0.446 mmol) of 6-{[3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(8-{2-methoxy-4-[(IE)-3 -methoxy- 3 -oxo- 1-propenyl] phenoxy} octyl) oxy] benzyl} oxy) benzoyl]oxy}hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate, to yield Polyamic 25 Acid 3.
Example 5
30 Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 using 87.8 mg (0.446 mmol) of 1,2,3,4-cyclobutantetra-carboxylic acid anhydride, 74.5 mg (0.223 mmol) 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane and 425.0 mg (0.223 mmol) of

6-{ [3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(8-{2-methoxy-4- [ (IE) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl]phenoxy}octyl)oxy]benzyljoxy) benzoyl]oxyjhexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate, to yield Polyamic Acid 4.
5
Example 6
Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 using 427 mg (0.3112 mmol) 6-{[3,5-bis ({-2,2-bis[({4-[(IE) -
10 3-methoxy-3 -oxo-1-propenyl] benzoyl} oxy) methyl] propanoyl} -oxy)benzoyl]oxyjhexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate and 61 mg (0.3112 mmol) 1,2,3,4-cyclobutantetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, to yield 325 mg Polyamic Acid 5; [t\\ « 0.19 dL/g.
15
The 6-{[3,5-bis({-2,2-bis[({4-[(IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] benzoyl} oxy) methyl] propanoyl} oxy) benzoyl] oxy} -hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate used as starting material was prepared in accordance with the following procedure.
20
Preparation of 6- ({3,5-bis{ [(2,2, 5-trimethyl-l, 3-dioxan-5-yl) carbonyl] oxy}benzoyl}oxy) hexyl 3, 5-dinitrobenzoate
A mixture of 0.657 g (3.77 mmol) 2,2,5-trimethyl-l, 3-25 dioxane-5-carboxylic acid, 0.810 g (1.81 mmol)
6- [ (3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] hexyl 3, 5-dihydroxybenzoate, 0.21 g (0.72 mmol) 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate in 15 ml dichloromethane was cooled to 0° C and 0.93 g (4.52 mmol) N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 30 were added. The mixture was subsequently allowed to react for 24 hours at 25 °C and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated by evaporation. Chromatography of the residue on 150 g silica gel using first cyclohexane:ethyl acetate

(7:3) then (3:2) as eluant yielded 1.38 g
6- ({3, 5-bis [ (2,2, 5-trimethyl-i, 3~dioxan-5-yl)methoxy] -
benzoyl }oxy)hexyl 3, 5-dinitrobenzoate as colorless oil.
5 Preparation of 6-[ (3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] hexyl
3, 5-bis{ [2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl) propanoyl] oxy}benzoate
1.38 g (1.81 mmol) 6- ({3,5-bis{[(2,2,5-trimethyl-l,3-dioxan-5-yl) carbonyl] oxyjbenzoyl}oxy) hexyl 3,5-
10 dinitrobenzoate was dissolved in 20 ml methanol. 0.50 g of Dowex 50Wx2 resin and the reaction mixture was stirred for 4 hours at room temperature. The Dowex resin was filtered off and washed with methanol. The filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporation yielded 1.14 g (92%)
15 6-[ (3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy]hexyl 3, 5-bis{[2, 2-
bis (hydroxymethyl) propanoyl] oxyJbenzoate as a colorless viscous oil.
Preparation of 6- [ (3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] hexyl
2 0 3, 5-bis( [2,2-bis [ ({4- [ (IE) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] -
benzoyl}oxy) methyl] propanoyl] oxy]benzoate
1.14 g (1.67 mmol) 6-[ (3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] hexyl 3, 5-bis{ [2, 2-bis (hydroxymethyl)propanoyl] oxy}benzoate, 25 1.45g (7.03 mmol) 4-[ (1E)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl]-benzoic acid, , 0.39 g (1.34 mmol) 4-(dimethylamino)-pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate in 40 ml dichloromethane was cooled to 0°C and 1.73 g (8.37 mmol) N,N' -dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide were added. The mixture was subsequently
3 0 allowed to react for 24 hours at 25°C and filtered. The
filtrate was concentrated by evaporation. Chromatography of the residue on 150 g silica gel using first cyclohexane:ethyl acetate (7:3) then (3:2) as eluant

yielded 2.09 g (87%) 6-[ (3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] hexyl 3,5-bis{ [2,2-bis[({4-[(lE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] benzoyl} oxy) methyl] propanoyl] oxy} benzoate.
5 Preparation of 6-{[3,5-bis ({2,2-bis[({4- [(IE) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-1 -propenyl] benzoyl}oxy) methyl3 propanoyl}oxy) benzoyl3 -oxyjhexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate
Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 10 using 1.00 g (0.698 mmol) 6- [ (3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] hexyl 3,5-bis{[2,2-bis[({4-[(IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] -benzoyl }oxy) methyl] propanoyl] oxy}benzoate, 1.13 g (4.18 mmol) Ferric chloride hexahydrate and 0.457 g (6.98 mmol) Zinc powder, to yield 1.25 g (91%) 6-{[3,5-15 bis ({2,2-bis[({4- [ (IE) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] benzoyl} -oxy)methyl]propanoyl}oxy) benzoyl] bxyjhexyl 3,5-diamino¬benzoate.
2 0 The following diamines can be synthesized in a analogous manner:
8-{ [3,5-bis({2,2-bis[({4- [ (1E)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] -benzoyl}oxy)methyl] propanoyl}oxy) benzoyl] oxy}octyl 25 3,5-diaminobenzoate;
11-{[3,5-bis({2,2-bis[({4- [(1E)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl]benzoyl}oxy)methyl]propanoyl}oxy) benzoyl] oxy} -undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 30
6- { [3 ,4-bis ({2,2-bis [({4- [ (IE) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] benzoyl}oxy)methyl]propanoyl}oxy) benzoyl] oxy} -hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate;

6-{ [2,4-bis({2,2-bis[ ({4- [ (1E) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl]benzoyl}oxy) methyl] propanoyl}oxy) benzoyl] oxy}-hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 5
6-{ [3,S-bis({2,2-bis[({4-[(1E) -3-hexyloxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] benzoyl}oxy) methyl] propanoyl}oxy) benzoyl] oxy} -hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate;
10 6-{ [3,5-bis({2,2-bis[ propenyl] benzoyl}oxy) methyl] butanoyl}oxy) benzoyl] oxy}hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate;
6-{[3,5-bis{[(2,2-bis{[(6-{4-[(IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-15 propenyl] phenoxy} hexyloyl) oxy] methyl }propanoyl}oxy) -benzoyl] oxyjhexyl 3, 5-diaminobenzoate;
8-{ [3,5-bis({2,2-bis[ ({4- [(1E) -3- [ (2-ethylpentyl)oxy] -3 - oxo-1 -propenyl ] benzoyl} oxy) methyl ] propanoyl} oxy) 20 benzoyl] oxyjoctyl 3, 5-diaminobenzoate;
6- (2,5-diamino) hexyl 3,5-bis ({2,2-bis [ ({4- [ (IE) -3-methoxy-3 -oxo-1 -propenyl] benzoyl} oxy) methyl ] propanoyl} oxy) benzoyl]oxy}benzoate. 25
Example 7
Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 30 using 141.8 mg (0.723 mmol) of 1,2,3,4-cyclobutantetra-carboxylic acid dianhydride, 425.0 mg (0.223 mmol) of 6-{ [3,5-bis ({3,5-bis[(8-{2-methoxy-4- [ (IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl]phenoxy}octyl)oxy]benzyl}oxy) benzoyl]oxy]hexyl

3,5-diaminobenzoate and 0.686 g (0.500 mmol) 6-{ [3, 5-bis ({3-({4-[4-(1E)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl]-benzoyl}oxy)-2-[({4-[4-(1E)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] -benzoyl} oxy) methyl] -2 -methylpropanoyl} oxy) benzoyl] oxy} -5 hexyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate, to yield Polyamic Acid 6.
Example 8
10 Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 using 79.0 mg (0.403 mmol) of 1,2,3,4-cyclobutantetra-carboxylic acid dianhydride and 11-[(3,5-bis [ (3,5-bis[(3,5-bis [ (6-{ [ (2E) -3- (4-butoxy~3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl]oxy} hexyl) oxy]benzyl) oxy] benzyl) oxy] benzoyl) oxy] undecyl
15 3,5-diaminobenzoate, to yield Polyamic Acid 7.
The 11-[(3,5-bis[(3,5-bis[(3,5-bis{[(6-[(2E) -3- (4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}hexyl) oxy] benzyl) oxy] -benzyl) oxy]benzoyl) oxy] undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate used as 20 starting material was prepared in accordance with the following procedure.
Preparation of methyl (2E) -3- (4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoate
25
4.16 g (20.0 mmol) ferulic acid methyl ester was dissolved in 115 ml 2-butanone, 2.09 ml (22.0 mmol) n-butyl bromide and 11.06 g (80 mmol) potassium carbonate were added. The reaction suspension was then heated at reflux temperature
3 0 for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered. The
filtrate was concentrated by evaporation. The crude product was recrystallised from 42 ml isopropyl alcohol and yielded

4.85 g (92 %) methyl (2E) -3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate as white crystals.
Preparation of (2E)-3- (4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5 2-propenoic acid
10 g (0.15 mol) potassium hydroxide were dissolved in a mixture of 200 ml methyl alcohol and 5 ml water. 4.85 g (18.35 mmol) methyl (2E)-3- (4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate was added. The reaction mixture was subsequently heated to 60 °C. After 2.5 h the mixture was concentrated by evaporation. The residue was dissolved in 100 ml cold water and acidified to pH=l with 13.5 ml hydrochloric acid 37 wt.%. The product was filtered off, washed with water and dried at 50 °C under vacuum to give 4.24 g {92 %) (2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid as white crystals.
Preparation of 6-chlorohexyl (2E) -3- (4-butoxy-2 0 3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoate
Preparation was carried out analogously to Example 5 using 4.24 g (16.94 mmol) (2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid, 2.20 g (16.13 mmol) 6-chloro-l-hexanol, 25 1.90 g (6.45 mmol) 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium
p-toluenesulfonate and 4.16 g (20.17 mmol) N,N'-dicyclo-hexylcarbodiimide to give 6-chlorohexyl (2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate as colorless oil.

Preparation of 6-iodohexyl (2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate
Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 5 using 4.00 g (10.84 mmol) 6-chlorohexyl (2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate and 9.75 g (65.05 mmol) sodium iodide, to yield 6-iodohexyl (2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoate.
10 Preparation of 3,5-bis[(6-{[(2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxy¬phenyl) -2 -propenoyl]oxy)hexyl) oxy] benzyl alcohol
Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 using 4.60 g (10.0 mmol) 6-iodohexyl (2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-15 methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate, 0.667 g (4.76 mmol)
3,5-dihydroxybenzyl and 3.27 g (23.6 mmol) potassium carbonate, to yield 3,5-bis[(6-{[(2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl]oxy}hexyl)oxy] benzyl alcohol.
20 Preparation of 3,5-bis[(6-{[(2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxy¬phenyl ) - 2 -propenoy 1 ] oxy} hexy 1) oxy] benzyl bromide
5.00 g (5.88 mmol) 3,5-bis[(6-{ [ (2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl]oxy}hexyl)oxy] benzyl alcohol,
25 (6.47 mmol) tetrabromomethane were dissolved in 100 ml dichloromethane. The solution was subsequently cooled to 0 °C and a solution of 1.85 g (7.05 mmol) triphenyl-phosphine in 20 ml dichloromethane was added dropwise thereto over a period of .1 hour. The reaction mixture was
30 reduced in volume by evaporation. Chromatography of the residue yield 3,5-bis[(6-{[(2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxy¬phenyl ) - 2 -propenoyl] oxy} hexyl) oxy] benzyl bromide.

Preparation of 3,5-bis({3, 5-bis[(6-{[(2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}hexyl) oxy] benzyl}oxy) -benzyl alcohol
5 Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 using 4.34 g (5.00 mmol) 3,5-bis[(6-{ [ (2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl] oxy}hexyl) oxy] benzyl bromide, 0.334 g (2.38 mmol) 3,5-dihydroxybenzyl, 13 mg (0.05 mmol) 18-Crown-6 and 0.97 g (7.00 mmol) potassium carbonate to 10 yield 3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(6-{[(2E) -3~(4-butoxy-3-methoxy-phenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}hexyl) oxy]benzyl}oxy)benzyl alcohol.
Preparation of 11-[(3,5-dinitrobengoyl)oxy]undecyl 15 3,5-bis({3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(6-{[(2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxy-• Phenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxyjhexyl) oxy] benzyl)oxy) benzyl)oxy) benzoate
Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 20 using 0.488 g (1.09 mmol) of 11-[ (3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] -undecyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate, 0.601 g (2.29 mmol) triphenylphosphine, 3.74 g (2.18 mol) 3,5-bis({3,5-bis{ [ (6-[ (2E) -3- (4~butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}hexyl) -oxy]benzyl}oxy)benzyl alcohol and 1.01 g (2.32 mmol) of a 25 40 % solution of azodicarboxylic acid diethyl ester in
toluene, to yield 11- [ (3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] undecyl 3,5-bis({3,5-bis({3,5-bis[(6-{ [(2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxy-phenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}hexyl) oxy] benzyl}oxy) benzyl}oxy) benzoate.

Preparation of 11-[(3,5-bis [(3,5-bis[ (3,5-bis [ (6- ([ (2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxyjhexyl) oxy] -benzyl) oxy] benzyl) oxy] benzoyl) oxy] undecyl 3, 5-diamino-benzoate 5
Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 using 3.88 g (1.00 mmol) 6- [(3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy]hexyl 3, 5-bis ({3, 5-bis ({3, 5-bis [ (6- { [ (2E) -3- (4-butoxy-3-methoxy¬phenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}hexyl) oxy]benzyl}oxy)benzyl}oxy)
10 benzoate, 1.62 g (6.00 mmol) Ferric chloride hexahydrate and 0.654 g (10.00 mmol) Zinc powder to give 11-[(3,5-bis [ (3, 5-bis [ (3, 5-bis [(6-{[(2E)-3- (4-butoxy-3-methoxy¬phenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}hexyl) oxy]benzyl) oxy] benzyl) oxy] -benzoyl)oxy] undecyl 3, 5-diaminobenzoate.
15
The following diamines can be synthesized in a analogous manner:
20 11-[ (3, 5-bis I (3, 5-bis [(3, 5-bis{ [(6-{ [(2E)-3- (4-butoxy-3-
methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}hexyl) oxy] carbonyl}benzyl) -oxy] benzyl) oxy] benzoyl) oxy] undecyl 3,5- diaminobenzoate ;
11- L (3, 5-bis [(3, 5-bis [(3, 5-bis [ (6- {[(2B)-3- (4-butyl-3-25 methoxyphenyl) - 2 -propenoyl ] oxy} hexyl) oxy] benzyl) oxy] -benzyl) oxy] benzoyl) oxy] undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate ;
11- [ (3,5-bis[(3, 5-bis[(3, 5-bis[(6-{[(2E)-3-(4-pentyl-phenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}hexyl) oxy] benzyl) oxy] benzyl) oxy] -30 benzoyl)oxy] undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate;

11- [(3,5-bis[(3,5-b'is[(3,5-bis[{4-{ [(2E)-3- (4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}butyl) oxy] benzyl) oxy] -benzyl)oxy]benzoyl)oxy] undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate;
5 11- [(3,5-bis[(3,5-bis[(3,4-bisne-f [(2E)-3- (4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxyjhexyl) oxy]benzyl) oxy] -benzyl)oxy]benzoyl)oxy] undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate;
11-[(3,5-bis[(3,5-bis[(3,4/5-tris[(ll-{[(2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-0 methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy}undecyl) oxy]benzyl) oxy] -benzyl) oxy] benzoyl) oxy] undecyl 3, 5-diaminobenzoate ;
11-[(3,5-bis[(3,5-bis[(3,5-bis[{6-{[{2E)-3-{4-[(4-propylcyclohexyl) methoxy] phenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxyjhexyl) -5 oxy]benzyl)oxy]benzyl)oxy] benzoyl)oxy] undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate;
11-[(3,5-bis[(3,5-bis[(3,5~bis[(6-{[(2E)-3-{4-[(2-ethylhexyl) oxy]phenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxyjhexyl) oxy]benzyl) -0 oxy]benzyl) oxy]benzoyl) oxy] undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate;
11-[{3,5-bis[(3,5-bis[{3,5-bis[{6-{[{2E)-3-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxy]hexyl) oxy] benzyl) oxy] -benzyl)oxy]benzoyl) oxy] undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate; 5
8-(2,5-diaminophenoxy) octyl 3,5-bis[(3,5-bis[(3,5-bis[(6-{ [ (2E) -3- (4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-propenoyl] oxyjhexyl) -oxy]benzyl)oxy]benzyl) oxy]benzoate.

Example 9:
Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1
using 1.320 g (0.500 mmol) 11-{2,2-bis[({2,2-bis[({2, 2-
5 bis [ ({4- [ (1E) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] benzoyl}oxy) -
methyl] propanoyl} oxy) methyl] propanoyl} oxy) methyl] propanoyl} undecyl 3, 5-diaminobenzoate and 98.1 mg (0.500 mmol) 1,2,3,4- cyclobutantetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, to yield Polyamic Acid 8.
10
The 11-{2, 2-bis [({2,2-bis [({2,2-bis [({4- [(1E) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] benzoyl}oxy)methyl]propanoyl}oxy)methyl] -propanoyl}oxy) methyl] propanoyl}undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoat e used as starting material can be prepared in accordance
15 with the following procedure.
Preparation of ll-bromomoundecyl 3,5-dinitrobenzoate
11.4 g (45.4 mmol) 11-bromo-l-undecanol, 11.0 g (47.7 mmol) 20 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride, 54 mg 4-dimethylaminopyridine were dissolved in 94 ml dichloromethane. The solution was subsequently cooled to 0 °C and then 18.3 ml (227 mmol) pyridine was added dropwise, in the course of 25 minutes. After 4.5 hours at 0 °C the reaction mixture was parti-25 tioned between dichloromethane and water; the organic phase was washed repeatedly with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation. Chromatography of the residue on 200 g silica gel using Toluene yielded 18.1 g (90 %) 11-bromoundecyl 3,5-dinitro-3 0 benzoate as yellow powder.

Preparation of 11- C (3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] undecyl 2, 2-bis [ ((2, 2-bis [ ({ (2, 2, 5-trimethyl-l, 3-dioxan-5-yl) carbonyl }oxy) methyl] propanoyl }oxy) methyl] propanoate
5 Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 using 10.19 g (9.81 mmol) 2,2-bis[({2,2-bis[({(2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl) carbonyljoxy) methyl] propanoyl} -oxy)methyl]propanoic acid, 1.494 g (9.81 mmol) l,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene(l,5-5) (DBU) and 4,81 g
0 (10.79 mmol) ll-bromoundecyl 3,5-dinitrobenzoate, to yield 11- [(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] undecyl 2, 2-bis [ ({2,2-bis[ ({(2,2,5-trimethyl-l, 3-dioxan-5-yl) carbonyl}oxy)methyl] propanoyl} oxy) methyl] propanoate.
5 Preparation of 11- [ (3 , 5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] undecyl
2,2-bis{([2,2-bis{ ( [2, 2-bis (hydroxymethyl)propanoyl] oxy) -methyl}propanoyl] oxy)methyl}propanoate
Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 6 0 using 6.92 g (5.00 mmol) 11-[ (3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) oxy] -undecyl 2,2-bis{ ([2,2-bis{ ([ (2,2,5-trimethyl-l,3-dioxan-5-yl) carbonyl] oxy)methyl}propanoyl] oxy)methyl}propanoate and 2.5 g Dowex 50Wx2 resin, to yield 11-[(3,5-dinitro¬benzoyl) oxy] undecyl 2,2-bis{([2,2-bis{([2,2-bis(hydroxy-5 methyl) propanoyl] oxy) methyl}propanoyl] oxy) methyl} propanoate.

Preparation of 11- [ (3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)oxy]undecyl 2,2-bis{ ( [2,2-bis{([2, 2-bis[({4-[(IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl]benzoyl}oxy)methyl]propanoyl] oxy)methyl}-propanoyl] oxy) methyl}propanoate 5
0.832 g (3.70 mmol) 4- [ (1E) -3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] -benzoyl chloride dissolved in 5 ml dichloromethane , was added to a solution of 0.453 mg (0.370 mmol) 11-[(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)oxy]undecyl 2,2-bis{ ([2,2-bis{ ([2,2-
10 bis (hydroxymethyl) propanoyl] oxy) methyl}propanoyl] oxy) -methyl Jpropanoate, 45 mg (0.370 mmol) 4-dimethylamino pyridine, 0.450 g (4.44 mmol) triethylamine in 10 ml dichloromethane at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was allowed to react 1 hour at 0 °C, then warm to 25 °C, stirred
15 overnight and reduced in volume by evaporation. Chromato¬graphy of the residue yield 11-[(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)oxy]-undecyl 2,2-bis{([2,2-bis{([2,2-bis[({4-[(1E)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl]benzoyl}oxy) methyl] propanoyl] oxy)methyl} propanoyl] oxy) methyl Jpropanoate.
20
Preparation of ll-(2,2-bis[({2,2-bis[((2,2-bis [ ({4-[ (1E)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] benzoyljoxy) methyl] propanoyl} -oxy) methyl] propanoyl} oxy) methyl] propanoyl} undecyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate
25
Preparation can be carried out analogously to Example 1 using 0.540 g (0.20 mmol) 11-[(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)oxy] -undecyl 2,2-bis{([2,2-bis{([2,2-bis[({4-[(IE)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl] benzoyl} oxy) methyl] propanoyl] oxy) methyl} -
3 0 propanoyl] oxy) methyl Jpropanoate, 0.324 g (1.20 mmol)
Ferric chloride hexahydrate and 0.131 g (2.00 mmol) Zinc powder, to yield ll-{2,2-bis[({2,2-bis[({2,2-bis[({4- [ (1E) -3 -methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl] benzoyl}Joxy) methyl] propanoyl J -

oxy) methyl] propanoyl} oxy) methyl] propanoyl }undecyi 3,5-diaminobenzoate.
5 Example 10:
Production of an orientation layer
A 2 % solution of Polyamic Acid 1 in cyclopentanone was filtered over a 0.2 μm Teflon filter and applied to a glass
10 plate, which had been coated v/ith indium-tin oxide (ITO) , in a spin-coating apparatus at 3000 rev. /min. in the course of 60 seconds. The resulting film was then predried for 15 minutes at 130 °C and then imidised for 1 hour at 200 °C to form the polyimide.
15
The glass plate so coated was then irradiated for 3 0 seconds with the linearly polarized UV light of a 350 W high-pressure mercury vapor lamp. A liquid-crystalline mixture CB-483 from Vantico was then applied by
20 spin-coating to the irradiated layer and subsequently
crosslinked by isotropic UV light for 5 minutes. Under a polarization microscope, a uniaxially double-refractive layer of oriented liquid crystal molecules was observed and a contrast ratio as high as 1800:1 was measured. Using a
25 tilt compensator it was ascertained that the direction of orientation agreed with the direction of polarization of the UV light used for the polyimide layer irradiation.

Example 11:
Production of an orientation layer having a defined angle
of tilt
5 Two glass plates coated with Polyamic Acid 1 as in
Example 10 were irradiated for 3 0 seconds with linearly polarized UV light, the direction of incidence of the light being inclined by 40° relative to the plate normal. The direction of polarization of the light was kept in the
10 plane defined by the direction of incidence of the light and the plate normal. From both plates a cell of 2 0 μm spacing was built such that the illuminated surfaces were facing each other and the previous polarization directions of illumination were parallel. The cell was then filled
15 with liquid crystal mixture MLC12000-000 from Merck in the isotropic phase at 100 °C. The cell was then gradually cooled to room temperature at a rate ranging from 0.1 °C/min to 2 °C/min. Between crossed polarizers a uni¬formly oriented liquid crystal layer was observed. The tilt
20 angle of this parallel cell, by crystal rotation method, was 12°.
Example 12: 25 Determination of the voltage holding ratio (VHR)
Two glass plates coated in accordance with Example 10 were irradiated perpendicularly during 3 0 seconds with linearly polarized UV light. From both plates a cell of 10 μm 3 0 spacing was built such that the illuminated surfaces were facing each other and the previous polarization directions of illumination were parallel. This cell was then main-

tained at 12 0 °C tinder high vacuum for 14. hours and there¬after filled with TFT liquid crystal mixture MLC12 000-0 00 from Merck in vacuo at room temperature. Between crossed polarizers a uniformly oriented liquid crystal layer was 5 observed. Prior to testing the voltage holding ratio (VKR) the cell was first subjected to ageing for 50 hours at 12 0 °C. The voltage decay V (at T = 20 ms) of a voltage surge of 64 \is with Vo (V at t = 0) = 0.2 V was then measured over a period of T = 20 ms. The voltage holding 10 ratio then determined, given by VHR = Vrms (t = T)/V0, was 96 % at room temperature.

We Claim:
1. A photoactive side-chain polymer from the class of polyimides, polyamide acids or esters thereof, wherein the photoactive side-chain polymer comprises as a side-chain a dendritic block incorporating photoactive groups at the surface of the dendritic block.
2. The polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dendritic block represents a unit of formula la or of formula lb of a combination of formulae la and lb:

wherein the broken line symbolizes the linkage to the polymer main chain; and wherein
S1 represents a single bond or a spacer unit;
D1 each independently of the other, represents an organic residue;
Z1 each independently of the other, represents a single bond or a spacer unit; and
m and n, each independently of the other, represent the number of generations and wherein m and n, each independently of the other, has a value of 0 to 4, with the proviso that 2 3. The polymer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the terminal moieties attached to Z1 at the dendritic block surface are photoactive groups, which is photoisomerisable or photodimerisable on exposure to UV or laser light.
4. The polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the terminal moieties attached at the dendritic block surface are, independently of each other, hydrogen, or a straight-chain or branched alkyl group,
wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl group is unsubstituted, mono-or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, or cyano,
wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl group has 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and
wherein one or more —CH2— groups in the straight-chain or branched alkyl group may independently be replaced by a group A, wherein

A represents a group selected from the group consisting of—O—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —0--CO—, —NR1—, —NR1—CO—, —CO—NR1—, —NR1— CO—O—, —O—CO— NR1—, —NR1—CO—NR1—, —CH=CH—, —C=C—, —O—CO—O—, —Si(CH3)2— O—Si(CH3)2—, an aromatic group and an alicyclic group, and wherein
R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl, provided that oxygen atoms are not directly attached to each other; with the proviso that at least four terminal moieties are photoactive groups.
5. The polymer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the dendritic block represents a unit of formula la,
6. The polymer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the dendritic block represents a unit of formula Ic:

7. A polymer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the groups D1 are, each independently of the other, an aromatic, an alicyclic or a —CR1 unit, wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl.
8. The polymer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the groups Dj, each independently of the other, are selected from the group consisting of 1,2,3-benzenetriyl, 1,3,4-benzenetriyl, 1,3,5-benzenetriyl and a group —CR1, wherein Rl is a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl.
9. The polymer as claimed in claim 2, wherein S1 is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, —O—, —CO—0—, —O—CO—, —NR1—, —NR1—CO—, — CO—NR1—, —NR1—CO—0— —O—CO—NR1—, —NR1—CO—NR1—, — CH=CH—, —C=C—, —0—CO—0— and a straight-chain or branched alkylene group, wherein the straight-chain or branched alkylene group is optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine and cyano, and
wherein optionally two or three non-adjacent alkylene —CH2— groups in the straight-chain or branched alkylene group are independently replaced by a group A, with the proviso that the total number of chain carbon atoms in the alkylene group does not exceed 24, wherein
A represents a group selected from the group consisting of—0—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —NR1—, —NR1—CO—, —CO—NR1—, —NR1—CO—O—, —O—CO— NR1—, —NR1—CO—NR1— —CH=CH—, —C^C—, —0—CO—0—, —Si(CH3)2—

0—Si(CH3)2—, an aromatic group and an alicyclic group, and wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl.
10. The polymer as claimed in claim 9, wherein Si is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —(CH2)r—, —(CH2)r—O—, — (CH2)r—CO—, —(CH2)r—CO—, —(CH2)r—CO—O— —(CH2)r—O—CO— — (CH2)r—CO—NR1—, —(CH2)r—NR1—CO—, —(CH2)r—NR1—, —O—(CH2)r—, — CO—O—(CH2)r—, —O—CO—(CH2)r—, —NR1—CO—(CH2)r—, —CO—NR1— (CH2)r—, —NR1—(CH2)r—, — 0—(CH2)r—CO—0—, —O—(CH2)r—O—CO—, — O—(CH2)r—CO—NR1—, — O— 11. The polymer as claimed in claim 9, wherein Si is selected from the group consisting of— (CH2)r—, —(CH2)r—O—, —(CH2)r—CO—O—, —(CH2)r—0—CO—, —(CH2)r— CO—NH—, —(CH2)r—NH—CO—, —O—(CH2)r—, —CO—O—(CH2)r—, —CO— NH—(CH2)r—, —O—CO—(CH2)r—, —O—CO—(CH2)r—CO—O—, —O—(CH2)r— 0—CO—, —0(CH2)rCO—NH—, —O—(CH2)r—NH—CO—, —CO—O—(CH2)r— 0—, — CO—NH—(CH2)r—O—, —O—(CH2)r—O—, —(CH2)r—NH—CO—(CH2)s—, —(CH2)r—NH—CO—O—(CH2)s—, —(CH2)r—O—(CH2)s—O—, —(CH2)r—NH— CO—(CH2)s—O—, —(CH2)r—NH—CO—O—(CH2)s—O—, —O—(CH2)r—NH— CO—(CH2)s—, —O—(CH2)r—O—(CH2)s—O—, —O—CO—(CH2)r—O—(CH2)s— O—, — CO—O—(CH2)r—O—(CH2)s—O—, —0—(CH2)rNH—CO—(CH2)s—O— and —0—CO—(CH2)r—NH—CO—(CH2)s—O—, wherein r and s each independently of the other, represent an integer from 2 to 12 and r+s 12. The polymer as claimed in claim 9, wherein Si is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxycarbonyl, 3-propylenecarbonyloxy, 5-pentyleneoxy, 5-pentyleneoxycarbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexyleneoxy, 6-hexyleneoxycarbonyl, 5-penrylenecarbonyloxy, 7-heptyleneoxy, 7-heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6-hexylenecarbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8-octyleneoxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyloxy, 9-nonyleneoxy, 9-nonyleneoxycarbonyl, 8-octylenecarbonyloxy, 10-decyleneoxy, 10-decyleneoxycarbonyl, 9-nonylenecarbonyloxy, 11-undecyleneoxy, 11-undecyleneoxycarbonyl, 10-decylenecarbonyloxy, 12-dodecyleneoxy, 12-dodecyleneoxycarbonyl, 11-

undecylenecarbonyloxy, 3-propyleneiminocarbonyl, 4-butyleneiminocarbonyl, 5-
pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneiminocarbonyl, 7-heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 8-
octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9-nonyleneiminocarbonyl, 10-decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11-
undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12-dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonylimino, 3-
propylenecarbonylimino, 4-butylenecarbonylimino, 5-pentylenecarbonylimino, 6-
hexylenecarbonylimino, 7-heptylenecarbonylimino, 8-octylenecarbonylimino, 9-
nonylenecarbonylimino, 10-decylenecarbonylimino, 11-undecylenecarbonylimino, 6-(3-
propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexylene, 6-(3 -propyleneoxy)hexylene, 6-(3 -
propyleneoxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3-
propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexyl, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexyloxy, 1,2-
ethylenedioxy, 1,3-propylenedioxy, 1,4-butylenedioxy, 1,5-pentylenedioxy, 1,6-
hexylenedioxy, 1,7-heptylenedioxy, 1,8-octylenedioxy, 1,9-nonylenedioxy, 1,10-
decylenedioxy, 1,11-undecylenedioxy, 1,12-dodecylenedioxy, 2-oxyethylene, 3-
oxypropylene, 4-oxybutylene, 5-oxypentylene, 6-oxyhexylene, 7-oxyheptylene, 8-
oxyoctylene, 9-oxynonylene, 10-oxydecylene, 11-oxyundecylene, 12-oxydodecylene, 2-
(oxycarbonyl)ethylene, 3-(oxycarbonyl)propylene, 4-(oxycarbonyl)butylene, 5-
(oxycarbonyl)pentylene, 6-(oxycarbonyl)hexylene, 7-(oxycarbonyl)heptylene, 8-
(oxycarbonyl)octylene, 9-(oxycarbonyl)nonylene, 10-(oxycarbonyl)decylene, 11-
(oxycarbonyl)undecylene, 12-(oxycarbonyl)dodecylene, 2-(carbonyloxy)ethylene, 3-
(carbonyloxy)propylene, 4-(carbonyloxy)butylene, 5-(carbonyloxy) pentylene, 6-
(carbonyloxy)hexylene, 7-(carbonyloxy)heptylene, 8-(carbonyloxy)octylene, 9-
(carbonyloxy)nonylene, 10-(carbonyloxy)decylene, 11 -(carbonyloxy)undecylene, 12-
(carbonyloxy)dodecylene, 2-(carbonylimino)ethylene, 3-(carbonylimino)propylene, 4-
(carbonylimino)butylene, 5-(carbonylimino)pentylene, 6-(carbonylimino)hexylene, 7-
(carbonylimino)heptylene, 8-(carbonylimino)octylene, 9-(carbonylimino)nonylene, 10-
(carbonylimino)decylene, 1 l-(carbonylimino)undecylene, 12-(carbonylimino)dodecylene,
2-iminoethylene, 3-iminopropylene, 4-iminobutylene, 5-iminopentylene, 6-iminohexylene,
7-iminoheptylene, 8-iminooctylene, 9-iminononylene, 10-iminodecylene, 11-
iminoundecylene, 12-iminododecylene, 2-iminocarbonylethylene, 3-
iminocarbonylpropylene, 4-iminocarbonylbutylene, 5-iminocarbonylpentylene, 6-
iminocarbonylhexylene, 7-iminocarbonylheptylene, 8-iminocarbonyloctylene, 9-
iminocarbonylnonylene, 10-iminocarbonyldecylene, 11-iminocarbonylundecylene, 12-
iminocarbonyldodecylene, 2-(2-ethyleneoxy)ethylene, 2-(3-propyleneoxy)ethylene, 6-(4-
butyleneoxy)hexylene, 2-(2-ethyleneiminocarbonyl)ethylene, 2-(3-
propyleneiminocarbonyl)ethylene, 6-(4-butyleneiminocarbonyl)hexylene, 6-(3 -
propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexylene.
13. The polymer as claimed in claim 2, wherein Zj each independently of the other are selected from the group consisting a single covalent bond, —O—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, — NR1—, —NR1—CO—, —CO—NR1—, —NR1—CO—O—, —O—CO—NR1—, — NR1—CO—NR1—, —CH=CH—, —C=C—, —O—CO—O— and a straight-chain or branched alkylene group, wherein optionally one to three non-adjacent alkylene —CH2— groups are independently replaced by a group selected from the group consisting of—O—, —CO—0—, —O—CO—, and —CH=CH—, with the proviso that the total number of chain carbon atoms in the alkylene group does not exceed 16, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl.
14. The polymer as claimed in claim 13, wherein Z, each independently of the other are selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, —0—, —CO—O—, —O— CO—, —NR1—CO—, —CO—NR1—, and a straight-chain or branched alkylene group

wherein optionally one to three non-adjacent alkylene —CH2— groups in the straight-chain or branched alkylene group are independently replaced by a group selected from the group consisting of —O—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, with the proviso that the total number of chain carbon atoms in the alkylene group does not exceed 12.
15.The polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photoactive groups undergo photocyclisation reactions and are represented by one of the general formulae Ilia or Illb:

wherein the broken line indicates the point of linkage to the respective Zl; and wherein
S2 and S3 each independently of the other, represent a single bond or a spacer unit;
Q represents an oxygen atom or —NR1—;
E represents pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, 2,5-thiophenylene, 2,5-furanylene, 1,4-naphthylene, 2,6-naphthylene, or phenylene; wherein E is unsubstituted or mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, or chlorine or by a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue,
wherein the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine or chlorine,
wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl residue has 1 to 18 carbon atoms and, when present, the cyclic alkylene residue has 3 to 18 ring atoms,;
wherein one or more non-adjacent —CH2— groups in the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue may independently be replaced by a group B;
F represents —OR3, —NR4R5 or F represents an oxygen atom attached by a single bond to ring E to define, together with the ring E a coumarin unit, and wherein
R3, R4 and R5, each independently of the other, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkylene residue, wherein the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkylene residue is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine or chlorine,

wherein the straight-chain or branched alkylene residue has 1 to 24 carbon atoms and, | when present, the cyclic alkylene residue has 3 to 24 ring atoms,
wherein one or more non-adjacent —CH2— groups in the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkylene residue may independently be replaced by a group A, or
R4 and R5 together form a C5-8 alicyclic ring;
X, Y each independently of the other, represents hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, cyano, or alkyl, wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted by fluorine, wherein the alkyl has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein, optionally, one or more non-adjacent alkyl —CH2— groups in the alkyl are replaced by —O—, —CO—O—, —O—CO— or —CH=CH—;
R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl; and
R is hydrogen, or is a straight-chain or branched alkyl residue wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl residue is unsubstituted, mono-substituted by cyano, fluorine, or chlorine, or poly-substituted by fluorine or chlorine,
wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl residue has 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and wherein | one or more non-adjacent —CH2— groups in the straight-chain or branched alkyl residue may independently be replaced by a group A;
A represents a group selected from the group consisting of—0—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —NR1—, —NR1—CO—, —CO—NR1—, —NR1—CO—0—, —O—CO— NR1—, —NR1—CO—NR1—, —CH=CH—, —C=C—, —0—CO—0—, —Si(CH3)2— 0—Si(CH3)2—, an aromatic group and an alicyclic group; and
B represents a group selected from the group consisting of —0—, —CO—, —CO—0—, —O—CO—, —NR1—, —NR1—CO— — CO—NR1—, —NR1—CO—O—, —O—CO— NR1—, —NR1—CO—NR1—, —CH=CH—, —C=C—, —0—CO—0— and — Si(CH3)2—O—Si(CH3)2—.
16. The polymer as claimed in claim 15, wherein the group E is selected from the group consisting of pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, 2,5-thiophenylene, 2,5-furanylene, 1,4-naphthylene, 2,6-naphthylene and phenylene,
wherein the group E which is unsubstituted or substituted by a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue,
wherein the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine or chlorine,
wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl residue has from 1 to 12 carbon atoms and, when present, the cyclic alkylene residue has 3 to 12 ring atoms,
wherein optionally one or more non-adjacent alkyl —CH2— groups in the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue are replaced by —0—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O— CO—, —CH=CH—, or —C=C—.

17. The polymer as claimed in claim 16, wherein the group E is selected from the group
consisting of 2,5-furanylene, 1,4— naphthylene; 2,6-naphthylene and phenylene,
wherein the group E is unsubstituted or substituted by a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue,
wherein the group E has 1 to 6 carbon atoms and, when present, the cyclic alkylene residue has 3 to 6 ring atoms, and
wherein optionally one or more non-adjacent alkyl —CH2— groups in the group E are replaced by —O—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH=CH— or —C=C—.
18. The polymer as claimed in claim 15, wherein F is selected from the group consisting of—
OR3, —NR4R5,
wherein R3 and R4 represent, each independently of the other, a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue,
wherein the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, or cyano, wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl residue has having 1 to 18 carbons atoms and, when present, the cyclic alkylene residue has 3 to 18 ring atoms,
wherein one or more non-adjacent alkyl —CH2— groups in the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue may independently be replaced by —O— or —CH=CH—, and
R5 is a hydrogen atom or a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue,
wherein the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, or cyano, wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl residue has having 1 to 18 carbons atoms and, when present, the cyclic alkylene residue has 3 to 18 ring atoms, and
wherein one or more non-adjacent alkyl —CH2— groups in the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue may independently be replaced by —O— or —CH=CH—, or
R4 and R5 together form a C5-.8 alicyclic ring.
19. The polymer as claimed in claim 18, wherein, F is selected from the group consisting of—
—OR3, —NR4R5,
wherein R3 and R4 represent a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue,
wherein the cyclic straight-chain or branched alkyl residue is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine atoms,
wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl residue has 1 to 18 carbon atoms and, when present, the cyclic alkylene residue has 3 to 18 ring atoms, and

wherein one or more non-adjacent alkyl —CH2— groups in the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue may independently be replaced by —O—.
20. The polymer as claimed in claim 15, wherein X and Y represent hydrogen.
21. The polymer as claimed in claim 15, wherein Q is an oxygen atom or —NH—.
22. The polymer as claimed in claim 15, wherein the photoactive groups are represented by the
general formula Ilia.
23. The polymer as claimed in claim 15, wherein S2 and S3 are selected from the group
consisting of a single covalent bond, —O—, —CO—0—, —O—CO—, —NR1—, —
NR1—CO—, —CO—NR1—, —NR1—CO—0—, —O—CO—NR1—, —NR1—CO—
NR1—, —CH=CH—, —C=C—, —O—CO—O— and a straight-chain or branched
alkylene group,
wherein the straight-chain or branched alkylene group is optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the ground consisting of fluorine, chlorine and cyano, and
wherein optionally two or three non-adjacent alkylene —CH2— groups are independently replaced by a group A, with the proviso that the total number of chain carbon atoms in the alkylene group does not exceed 24.
24. The polymer as claimed in claim 23, wherein S2 is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, —CO—O—, —0—CO—, —(CH2)r—, —(CH2)r—O—, —(CH2)r— CO—, —(CH2)r—CO—, —(CH2)r—CO—0—, —(CH2)r—O—CO—, —(CH2)r—CO— NR1— —(CH2)r—NR1—CO— —(CH2)r—NR1—, — 0—(CH2)r—, —CO—O—(CH2)r—, —O—CO—(CH2)r—, —NR1—CO—(CH2)r—, — CO—NR1—(CH2)r--, —NR1—(CH2)r— , —O—(CH2)r—CO—0—, —O—(CH2)r—0—CO—, —0—(CH2)r—CO—NR1—, —0— (CH2)r—CO—0—, — O—(CH2)r—NR1—, —0—(CH2)r—O—, —O—(CH2)r—NR1— CO—, —NR1—(CH2)r—CO—O— —NR1—(CH2)r—O— —NR1—(CH2)r—NR1—, — NR1—(CH2)r—O—CO—, —CO—NR1—(CH2)r—0—, —CO—NR1—(CH2)r—NR1—, — CO—NR1— 25. The polymer as claimed in claim 23, wherein S2 is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, —
0—(CH2)r—O—, —CO—NH—(CH2)r—O—, —O—(CH2)r—O—, — 26. The polymer as claimed in claim 23, wherein S2 is selected from the group consisting of
1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-
octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-l,4-
butylene, 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy,
4-butyleneoxycarbonyl, 3-propylenecarbonyloxy, 5-pentyleneoxy, 5-pentyleneoxycarbonyl,
4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexyleneoxy, 6-hexyleneoxycarbonyl, 5-pentylenecarbonyloxy, 7-
heptyleneoxy, 7-heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6-hexylenecarbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8-
octyleneoxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyloxy, 9-nonyleneoxy, 9-rionyleneoxycarbonyl, 8-
octylenecarbonyloxy, 10-decyleneoxy, 10-decyleneoxycarbonyl, 9-nonylenecarbonyloxy, 11-
undecyleneoxy, 11-undecyleneoxycarbonyl, 10-decylenecarbonyloxy, Vdodecyleneoxy, 12-
dodecyleneoxycarbonyl, 11-undecylenecarbonyloxy, 3-propyleneiminocarbonyl, 4-
butyleneiminocarbonyl, 5-pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneiminocarbonyl, 7-
heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 8-octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9-nonyleneiminocarbonyl, 10-
decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11 -undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12-dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2-
ethylenecarbonylimino, 3-propylenecarbonylimino, 4-butylenecarbonylimino, 5-
pentylenecarbonylimino, 6-hexylenecarbonylimino, 7-heptylenecarbonylimino, 8-
octylenecarbonylimino, 9-nonylenecarbonylimino, 10-decylenecarbonylimino, 11-
undecylenecarbonylimino, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexylene, 6-(3-
propyleneoxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneoxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3-
propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3 -propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexyl, 6-(3 -propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexyloxy, 1,2-ethylenedioxy, 1,3-propylenedioxy, 1,4-butylenedioxy, 1,5-pentylenedioxy, 1,5-hexylenedioxy, 1,7-heptylenedioxy, 1,8-octylenedioxy, 1,9-nonylenedioxy, 1,10-decylenedioxy, 1,11-undecylenedioxy, and 1,12-dodecylenedioxy.
27. The polymer as claimed in any one of claim 23, wherein S3 is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, —(CH2)r—, —(CH2)r—O—, —(CH2)r—CO—, — (CH2)r—CO—O—, —(CH2)r—O—CO—, —(CH2)r—CO—NR1— —(CH2)r—NR1— CO—, —(CH2)r—NR1—, — 28. The polymer as claimed in claim 27, wherein S3 is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-actylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxycarbonyl, 3-propylenecarbonyloxy, 5-pentyleneoxy, 5-pentyleneoxycarbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexyleneoxy, 6-hexyleneoxycarbonyl, 5-pentylenecarbonyloxy, 7-

heptyleneoxy, 7-heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6-hexylenecarbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8-
octyleneoxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyloxy, 9-nonyleneoxy, 9-nonyleneoxycarbonyl, 8-
octylenecarbonyloxy, 10-decyleneoxy, 10-decyleneoxycarbonyl, 9-nonylenecarbonyloxy, 11-
undecyleneoxy, 11-undecyleneoxycarbonyl, 10-decylenecarbonyloxy, 12-dodecyleneoxy, 12-
dodecyleneoxycarbonyl, 11-undecylenecarbonyloxy, 3-propyleneiminocarbonyl, 4-
butyleneiminocarbonyl, 5-pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneiminocarbonyl, 7-
heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 8-octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9-nonyleneiminocarbonyl, 10-
decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11-undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12-dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2-
ethylenecarbonylimino, 3-propylenecarbonylimino, 4-butylenecarbonylimino, 5-
pentylenecarbonylimino, 6-hexylenecarbonylimino, 7-heptylenecarbonylimino, 8-
octylenecarbonylimino, 9-nonylenecarbonylimino, 10-decylenecarbonylimino, 11-
undecylenecarbonylimino, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexylene, 6-(3-
propyleneoxy)hexylene, 6-(3-prop yleneoxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3-
propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexylene, and 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexyleneoxy.
29. The polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monomer units from which the main chain of the side-chain polymer is built up, are imide groups of the general formula IV, VI or VIII; or the analogous amie acid groups or amic acid ester groups of the general formula V, VII or IX: or are a combination thereof:

each broken line symbolises the linkage to S1;
T, represents a tetravalent organic radical;
T2, T3 each independently represent a trivalent aromatic or trivalent alicyclic group,
wherein the trivalent aromatic or trivalent alicycic group is unsubstituted or substituted by fluorine, chlorine or cyano or by a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue,
wherein the cyclic straight-chain or branched alkyl residue is unsubstituted mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine or chlorine,
wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl residue has 1 to 18 carbon atoms and, when | present, the cyclic alkylene residue has 3 to 18 ring atoms,
wherein one or more non-adjacent —CH2— groups in the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue may independently be replaced by a group selected from the ground consisting of —O—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH=CH— and —C=C—;
S4 to $» each independently of the other, represent a single bond or a spacer unit,
J is selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, a group —CR1—, an aromatic divalent, trivalent or tetravalent group, and an alicyclic divalent, trivalent or tetravalent group,
wherein the aromatic divalent, trivalent or tetravalent group, or the alicyclic divalent, trivalent or tetravalent group is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, or cyano or by a cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue,
wherein the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue is unsubstituted, mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine or chlorine,
wherein the straight-chain or branched alkyl residue has 1 to 18 carbon atoms and, when present, the cyclic alkylene residue has 3 to 18 ring atoms,
wherein one or more non-adjacent —CH2— groups in the cyclic, straight-chain or branched alkyl residue may independently be replaced by a group selected from the group consisting of —O—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH=CH— and —C=C—,
R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl;
K represents a divalent aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic radical; and
G represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
30. The polymer as claimed in claim 29, wherein Ti is derived from an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride.
31. The polymer as claimed in claim 30, wherein the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides used to form the tetravalent organic radical T1 is selected from the group consisting of 1,2,3,4-

cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic acid dianhydride, 5-(2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-l,2-dicarboxylic acid dianhydride, 4-(2,5-dioxotefrahydrofuran-3-yl)tetrahydronaphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid dianhydride, 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic acid dianhydride and bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride.
32. The polymer as claimed in claim 29, characterized wherein T2 and T3, independently of each other, are derived from an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride.
33. The polymer as claimed in claim 32, wherein T2 and T3, independently of each other, are trivalent aromatic or alicyclic groups, wherein the three valencies of the trivalent aromatic or alicyclic group are distributed between three different carbon atoms, with the proviso that two of the valencies are located at adjacent carbon atoms.
34. The polymer as claimed in claim 32, wherein T2 and T3, independently of each other, are trivalent benzene derivatives.

35. The polymer as claimed in claim 29, wherein S4 is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, —(CH2)r—, — 36. The polymer as claimed in claim 35, wherein S4 is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxycarbonyl, 3-propylenecarbonyloxy, 5-pentyleneoxy, 5-pentyleneoxycarbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexyleneoxy, 6-hexyleneoxycarbonyl, 5-pentylenecarbonyloxy, 7-heptyleneoxy, 7-heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6-hexylenecarbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8-octyleneoxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyloxy, 9-nonyleneoxy, 9-nonyleneoxycarbonyl, 8-octylenecarbonyloxy, 10-decyleneoxy, 10-decyleneoxycarbonyl, 9-nonylenecarbonyloxy, 11-undecyleneoxy, 11-undecyleneoxycarbonyl, 10-decylenecarbonyloxy, 12-dodecyleneoxy, 12-dodecyleneoxycarbonyl, 11-undecylenecarbonyloxy, 3-propyleneiminocarbonyl, 4-butyleneiminocarbonyl, 5-pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneiminocarbonyl, 7-heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 8-octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9-nonyleneiminocarbonyl, 10-decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11-undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12-dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonylimino, 3-propylenecarbonylimino, 4-butylenecarbonylimino, 5-pentylenecarbonylimino, 6-hexylenecarbonylimino, 7-heptylenecarbonyIimino, 8-octylenecarbonylimino, 9-nonylenecarbonylimino, 10-decylenecarbonylimino, 11-undecylenecarbonylimino, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propyIeneoxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneoxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexylene, and 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexyleneoxy.

37. The polymer according claim 29, wherein S5 and Sg, independently of each other, are selected from the group consisting of a single bond, —(CH2)r—, —O—(CH2)r—, —CO— (CH2)r—, —CO—O—(CH2)r~, —0—CO— 38. The polymer as claimed in claim 37, wherein S5 and Ss, independently of each other, are selected from the ground consisting of 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3-methyl-1,4-butylene, 2-oxyethylene, 3-oxypropylene, 4-oxybutylene, 5-oxypentylene, 6-oxyhexylene, 7-oxyheptylene, 8-oxyoctylene, 9-oxynonylene, 10-oxydecylene, 11-oxyundecylene, 12-oxydodecylene, 2-(oxycarbonyl)ethylene, 3-(oxycarbonyl)propylene, 4-(oxycarbonyl) butylene, 5-(oxycarbonyl)pentylene, 6-(oxycarbonyl)hexylene, 7-(oxycarbonyl)heptylene, 8-(oxycarbonyl)octylene, 9-(oxycarbonyl)nonylene, 10-(oxycarbonyl)decylene, 11-(oxycarbonyl)undecylene, 12-(oxycarbonyI)dodecyIene, 2-(carbonyloxy)ethylene, 3-(carbonyloxy)propylene, 4-(carbonyloxy)butylene, 5-(carbonyloxy)pentylene, 6-(carbonyloxy)hexylene, 7-(carbonyloxy)heptylene, 8-(carbonyloxy)octylene, 9-(carbonyloxy)nonylene, 10-(carbonyloxy)decylene, ll-(carbonyloxy)undecylene, 12-(carbonyloxy)dodecylene, 2-(carbonylimino)ethylene, 3-(carbonylimino)propylene, 4-(carbonylimino)butylene, 5-(carbonylimino)pentylene, 6-(carbonylimino)hexylene, 7-(carbonylimino)heptylene, 8-(carbonylimino)octylene, 9-(carbonylimino)nonylene, 10-(carbonylimino)decylene, 1 l-(carbonylimino)undecylene, 12-(carbonylimino)dodecylene, 2-iminoethylene, 3-iminopropylene, 4-iminobutylene, 5-iminopentylene, 6-iminohexylene, 7-iminoheptylene, 8-iminooctylene, 9-iminononylene, 10-iminodecylene, 11-iminoundecylene, 12-iminododecylene, 2-iminocarbonylethylene, 3-iminocarbonylpropylene, 4-iminocarbonylbutylene, 5-iminocarbonylpentylene, 6-iminocarbonylhexylene, 7-iminocarbonylheptylene, 8-iminocarbonyloctylene, 9-iminocarbonylnonylene, 10-iminocarbonyldecylene, 11-iminocarbonylundecylene, 12-iminocarbonyldodecylene, 2-(2-ethyleneoxy)ethylene, 2-(3-propyleneoxy)ethylene, 6-(4-butyleneoxy)hexylene, 2-(2-ethyleneiminocarbonyl)ethylene, 2-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)ethylene, 6-(4-butyleneiminocarbonyl)hexylene, 6-(3 -propyieneiminocarbonyloxy)hexylene, and 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl) hexylene.
39. The polymer as claimed in claim 29, wherein S6 and S7, independently of each other, are selected from the group consisting of a single bond, —(CH2)r—, —(CH2)r—O—, — (CH2)r—CO—, —
NR1—, —O—CO—(CH2)r—CO—O—, —O—CO—(CH2)r—CO—NR1—, —O—CO— (CH2)r—NR1—CO—, —(CH2)r—O—(CH2)s—, —(CH2)r—CO—O—(CH2)s—, — (CH2)r—0—CO—(CH2)s— —(CH2)r—NR1—CO—(CH2)s—, —(CH2)r—NR1—CO— O—(CH2)s—, —(CH2)r—O—(CH2)s—O—, —(CH2)r--CO—O—(CH2)s—O—, — (CH2)r—0—CO—(CH2)s—O—, —(CH2)r—NR1—CO—(CH2)s—0—, — 40. The polymer as claimed in claim 39, wherein S6 and S7, independently of each other, are selected from the group consisting of 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,9-nonylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 3 -methyl-1,4-butylene, 3-propyleneoxy, 3-propyleneoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonyloxy, 4-butyleneoxy, 4-butyleneoxycarbonyl, 3-propylenecarbonyloxy, 5-pentyleneoxy, 5-pentyleneoxycarbonyl, 4-butylenecarbonyloxy, 6-hexyleneoxy, 6-hexyleneoxycarbonyl, 5-pentylenecarbonyloxy, 7-heptyleneoxy, 7-heptyleneoxycarbonyl, 6-hexylenecarbonyloxy, 8-octyleneoxy, 8-octyleneoxycarbonyl, 7-heptylenecarbonyloxy, 9-nonyleneoxy, 9-nonyleneoxycarbonyl, 8-octylenecarbonyloxy, 10-decyleneoxy, 10-decyleneoxycarbonyl, 9-nonylenecarbonyloxy, 11-undecyleneoxy, 11-undecyleneoxycarbonyl, 10-decylenecarbonyloxy, 12-dodecyleneoxy, 12-dodecyleneoxycarbonyl, 11-undecylenecarbonyloxy, 3-propyleneiminocarbonyl, 4-butyleneiminocarbonyl, 5-pentyleneiminocarbonyl, 6-hexyleneiminocarbonyl, 7-heptyleneiminocarbonyl, 8-octyleneiminocarbonyl, 9-nonyleneiminocarbonyl, 10-decyleneiminocarbonyl, 11-undecyleneiminocarbonyl, 12-dodecyleneiminocarbonyl, 2-ethylenecarbonylimino, 3-propylenecarbonylimino, 4-butylenecarbonylimino, 5-pentylenecarbonylimino, 6-hexylenecarbonylimino, 7-heptylenecarbonylimino, 8-octylenecarbonylimino, 9-nonylenecarbonylimino, 10-decylenecarbonylimino, 11-undecylenecarbonylimino, 6-(3 -propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexylene, 6-(3 -propyleneoxy)hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneoxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyloxy)hexyleneoxy, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexylene, 6-(3-propyleneiminocarbonyl)hexyleneoxy, 1,2-ethylenedioxy, 1,3-propylenedioxy, 1,4-butylenedioxy, 1,5-pentylenedioxy, 1,6-hexylenedioxy, 1,7-heptylenedioxy, 1,8-octylenedioxy, 1,9-nonylenedioxy, 1,10-decylenedioxy, 1,11-undecylenedioxy, and 1,12-dodecylenedioxy.
41. The polymer as claimed in claim 29, wherein the divalent aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic divalent radical K is derived from an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic diamine by formal removal of the amino groups.
42. The polymer as claimed in claim 41, wherein the aliphatic or alicyclic diainine from which
the radical K is derived is selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, 1,3-
propylenediamine, 1,4-butylenediamine, 1,5-pentylenediamine, 1,6-hexylenediamine, 1,7-
heptylenediamine, 1,8-octylenediamine, 1,9-nonylenediamine, 1,10-decylenediamine, 1,11-
undecylenediamine, 1,12-dodecylenediamine, a,a'-diamino-m-xylene, a,a'-diamino-p-
xylene, (5-amino2,2,4-trimethylcyclopentyl)methylamine, 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, 4,4'-

diaminodicyclohexylmethane, l,3-bis(methylamino)cyclohexane and 4,9-dioxadodecane-1,12-diamine.
43. The polymer as claimed in claim 41, wherein the aromatic diamine from which the radical
K is derived include is selected from the group consisting of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid
methyl ester, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid hexyl ester, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid dodecyl ester,
3,5-diaminobenzoic acid isopropyl ester, 4,4'-methylenedianiline, 4,4'-ethylenedianiline,
4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyldiphenylmethane, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine, 4,4'-
diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 3,3'-
dimethyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3'-diaminobenzophenone,
4,4'-diaminobenzophenone, 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-dimethylbibenzyl, bis[4-(4-
aminophenoxy)phenyl] sulfone, 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,3-bis(4-
aminophenoxy)benzene, l,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene, 2,7-diaminofluorene, 9,9-bis(4-
aminophenyl)fluorene, 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline), 4,4'-bis(4-
aminophenoxy)biphenyl, 2,2',5,5'-tetrachloro-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2'-dichloro-4,4'-
diamino-5,5'-dimethoxybiphenyl, 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 4,4'-(l ,4-
phenyleneisopropylidene)bisaniline, 4,4'-(1,3-phenyleneisopropylidene)bisaniline, 2,2-
bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane, 2,2-bis[3-(4-
aminophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis[3-amino-4-
methylphenyljhexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane, 2,2'-bis-[4-
(4-amino-2-trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane, 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-
bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl, and 4,4'-bis[(4-amino-2-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-
2,3,5,6,2',3',5',6'-octafluorobiphenyl.
44. The polymer as claimed in claim 29, wherein the polymer comprises less than 75% of
monomer units that include a divalent group J.
45. The polymer as claimed in claim 29, wherein the polymer consists only of building blocks offormulaeV,VII or TX.
46. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 having an intrinsic viscosity in the range of 0.05 to 10 dL/g, the intrinsic viscosity (riinh=ln rirel/C) being determined by measuring a solution containing a polymer in a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml for its viscosity at 30° C. using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as solvent.
47. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 containing from 2 to 2000 monomer units.

48. A polymer composition comprising a polymer as claimed in claim 1 and an additive comprising a silane-containing compound, an epoxy-containing crosslinking agent, or both a silane-containing compound and an epoxy-containing crosslinking agent.
49. A polymer layer comprising one or more polymers as claimed in claim 1 in at least partially crosslinked form.
50. A process for preparing a polymer layer as claimed in claim 49, comprising applying one
or more polymers to a support and, after any imidisation step which may be necessary,
crosslinking the polymer or polymer mixture by irradiation with linearly polarised light.

51. An orientation layer for liquid crystals comprising one or more polymers as claimed in claim 1 in at least partially cross-linked form, wherein the orientation layer is capable of inducing a tilt angle in an adjacent liquid crystal.
52. The polymer layer as claimed in any one of claims 1- 48 for preparing an optical constructional element, optical or electro- optical device, unstructured and structured optical-elements or multi layer systems.
Dated this 25lh day of July 2003.

FOR ROLIC AG ByJheir Agent

Documents:

736-mumnp-2003-canelled pages(25-1-2007).pdf

736-mumnp-2003-claims(granted)-(25-1-2007).doc

736-mumnp-2003-claims(granted)-(25-1-2007).pdf

736-mumnp-2003-correspondence(25-1-2007).pdf

736-mumnp-2003-correspondence(ipo)-(3-10-2007).pdf

736-mumnp-2003-form 18(14-12-2005).pdf

736-mumnp-2003-form 1a(25-7-2003).pdf

736-mumnp-2003-form 1a(5-7-2003).pdf

736-mumnp-2003-form 2(granted)-(25-1-2007).doc

736-mumnp-2003-form 2(granted)-(25-1-2007).pdf

736-mumnp-2003-form 3(2-3-2006).pdf

736-mumnp-2003-form 3(25-7-2003).pdf

736-mumnp-2003-form 5(25-7-2003).pdf

736-mumnp-2003-form-pct-ipea-409(25-7-2003).pdf

736-mumnp-2003-form-pct-isa-210(25-7-2003).pdf

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Patent Number

210423

Indian Patent Application Number

736/MUMNP/2003

PG Journal Number

43/2007

Publication Date

26-Oct-2007

Grant Date

03-Oct-2007

Date of Filing

25-Jul-2003

Name of Patentee

ROLIC AG

Applicant Address

CHAMERSTRASSE 50, 6301 ZUG, SWITZERLAND

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	GUY MARCK	16A, RUE DU KAEGY, 68440 SCHLIERBACH, FRANCE.
2	RICHARD BUCHECKER	FELSENSTRASSE 12A, 8008 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND.
3	OLIVER MULLER	15, RUE PRINCIPALE, 68610 LAUTENBACH, FRANCE.

PCT International Classification Number

C08G 83/00

PCT International Application Number

PCT/CH02/00056

PCT International Filing date

2002-02-04

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	01 810 112.1	2001-02-05	EPO