Title of Invention	ADDITIVE COMPOSITION FOR PAPER MAKING
Abstract	The object of the present invention is an additive composition for paper making which is added to the pulp prior to web formation in order to increase the wet strength of the web. The basic component of the composition is a component made from starch, which to its molecular weight has been thinned to a viscosity level of 10 to 400 (5 %, 60 °C, Brookfield) which by solution cationizing using a quaternary nitrogen compound is cationized to a charge of < 4 mEkv/g. the composition containing at least one additional component, such as; I) a starch-based polymer dispersion which contains starch and a monomeric graft copolymer, which product comprises, calculated form the dry-matter content of the product a) 5 to 40 % of starch, having a cationic charge of 0.01 to 1 and an intrinsic viscosity of > 1.0 dl/g, b) 60 to 95 % of a monomer mixture containing at least one vinyl monomer and having a film formation temperature of 0 to 70 °C of a polymer formed therefrom, and water, and/or 2) polyamide epichlorhydrin resin (PAAE).

Title of Invention

ADDITIVE COMPOSITION FOR PAPER MAKING

Abstract

The object of the present invention is an additive composition for paper making which is added to the pulp prior to web formation in order to increase the wet strength of the web. The basic component of the composition is a component made from starch, which to its molecular weight has been thinned to a viscosity level of 10 to 400 (5 %, 60 °C, Brookfield) which by solution cationizing using a quaternary nitrogen compound is cationized to a charge of < 4 mEkv/g. the composition containing at least one additional component, such as; I) a starch-based polymer dispersion which contains starch and a monomeric graft copolymer, which product comprises, calculated form the dry-matter content of the product a) 5 to 40 % of starch, having a cationic charge of 0.01 to 1 and an intrinsic viscosity of > 1.0 dl/g, b) 60 to 95 % of a monomer mixture containing at least one vinyl monomer and having a film formation temperature of 0 to 70 °C of a polymer formed therefrom, and water, and/or 2) polyamide epichlorhydrin resin (PAAE).

Full Text	ADDITIVE COMPOSITION FOR PAPER MAKING AND METHOD FOR INCREASING STRENGTH OF WET PAPER WEB USING THE SAME The invention concerns an additive composition for paper making to be added to fiber pulp in a step preceding the web formation step of the paper making. The additive improves essentially the strength of the wet web, which is important as regards the wet part of the paper machine, because the improved strength diminishes breaks and makes the use of higher machine speeds possible. The basic component in the additive composition is starch, which has been modified to better meet the requirements of the invention, by reduction of its molecule size and reacting the same with a suitable nitrogen compound in order to accomplish a proper cationic charge for the starch. The reduction of the molecule size has been effected preferably using oxidation, such as peroxide oxidation. The reduction in molecule size is preferably effected so that a starch suspension with a consistency of 5 % possesses a viscosity of 10 to 400 mPas (Brookfield), preferably 100 to 400 mPas, and most preferably 100 to 200 mPas at a temperature of 60 °C. These values can be achieved for instance using a hydrogen peroxide amount of about 0.02 to 0.3 % based on the dry-matter of the starch in mild alkaline reaction conditions. The degree of degradation aimed at depends also on the cationic charge of the end product, because an increase in the cationic charge has a lowering effect on the viscosity of the end product. A dependency prevails also between the molecule size and the cationic charge, which has an influence on the behaviour of starch on paper machine. Starch, which is modified to a proper viscosity level is then processed with a quaternary nitrogen compound in conformity with the invention so, that it possesses a cationic charge in the range of to l.lO/ The product is made preferably using a solution cationizing process where the starch is introduced into the cationizing process in granular form, and the process conditions are selected to solubilize the starch totally during the process. Essential parameters for the process in this respect are the percentage of the starch to be cationized, a suitable alkalinity, and an elevated temperature. A 2 suitable alkaline (NaOH) charge is about 1.5-3 % of the dry-matter of the starch, and a suitable temperature is about 60 to 80 °C. The dry-matter content of the reation mixture should preferably be above 50 %, which i.a. gives a good yield for the end product. A suitable quaternary cationizing chemical is 2,3-epoxypropyl-trimethylammonium chloride, which is to used in an amount of about 10 to 40 % of the starch. In addition to the basic component the additive composition contains at least one further component, by means of which the properties of the basic component, which are advantageous as such to the paper making process, can be modified in a direction towards the desired effect, and/or provide a composition, in which the syner-gistic effect of the components gives properties clearly different from the properties of the basic component. One possible further component is a starch based polymer dispersion containing a graft copolymer of starch and monomers, subsequently called the graft component. This component contains, calculated as dry weight of the product, the following a) 5 to 40 % starch having a cationic charge of 0.01 to 1 and an intrinsic viscosity of > l.0 dl/g, b) 60 to 95 % of a monomer mixture containing at least one vinyl monomer and providing a polymer having a film formation temperature of 0 to 70 °C , and water. The method of preparation of said graft component has been disclosed in WO/0046264 Another alternative component for the additive composition is polyamide epichlo-rhydrin resin (PAAE) used as a wet strength resin in the paper industry, which in the following will be called the resin component. 3 The additive composition can be made from these components alternatively depending on the intended use, so that the either the graft or the resin component, or both, are added to the basic component. The quantitative ratios between the basic component and the graft component can be chosen in the range of 30 to 70 / 70 to 30 %, preferably 40 to 60/ 60 to 40 %. A composition containing equal parts is especially preferred. Correspondingly the quantitative ratios between the basic component and the resin component can vary in the ranges 25 to 75 / 75 to 25 %, preferably 40 to 60 / 60 to 40%. Also in this case a composition containing equal parts is especially preferred. In case the additive is composed of all three components, the proportions of the components can be within the ranges: basic component, 10 to 50 %, preferably 20 to 40 % graft component 10 to 50 %, preferably 20 to 40 % resin component 10 to 50 %, preferably 20 to 40 % so that the composition forms 100 %. It has been observed that advantageous results can be obtained with the additive composition according to the invention for example so that the basic component together with the graft component has led to improved retention on the paper machine. It has been observed that the printing characteristics of a paper made using this additive compostion have improved, as also improved paper strength characteristics and improved dimensional stability have been observed. The basic component and the resin component decrease the linting tendency of the manufactured paper. Improved retention and improved dewatering have been observed as advantageous effects in the manufacturing stage. It has also been obser- ved that the additive has fixating properties, which is of importance from the point of view of removing detrimental substances from the circulation. It has been observed that the strength of the wet stage web has increased especially with an additive composition which in addition to the basic component includes both a graft and a resin component. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS: Figures 1 and 2 tabulates the test results of example I given below and gives graphical representations of the relation between dry matter content of the web and its strength. 4A The operability of the invention is illustrated with the following example. Example 1 Newsprint was made on a pilot scale paper machine, the fiber stock of which consisted of 50 % pressure groundwood and 50 % thermomechanical pulp, which had been bleached with dithionite. In the test run, additive composition in an amount of 1, 2 and 3 kg/ton paper (dry/dry) was added to the pulp prior to web formation. The basic component in the additive composition used-in the tests was thinned starch, which had been cationized using 25 %, calculated from the amount of starch, of the cationizing chemical 2,3-epoxypropyl-trimethylammonium chloride. As a second additional component, graft component, to be combined with this basic component a composition was used which contains 20 % starch, having a cationic charge of approximately 0.05 and an intrinsic viscosity of 3 to 15 dl/g, 19 % acrylonitrile, 30 % butyl acrylate, 31 % styrene, and water. As a second additional component, the resin component, polyamide epichlorhydrin resin (PAAE) was used. The test results obtained are given in the table I in appendix lin Fig.l of the accompanying drawings. 5 The reference in the test was an additive, which was the same as the basic component of the additive composition according to the invention, and is indicated in the table with the symbol "15". The symbol "S" in the table means an additive composition containing 50 % basic component 15 and 50 % graft component. The symbol "P" in turn means an additive composition containing 50 % of basic component and 50 % of resin component. The symbol "SP" in turn means a composition containing 1/3 of basic component, 1/3 of graft component and 1/3 of resin component. The strength of the wet web was measured and based thereon the effect of the additive component on the strength was derived, by taking into account the effect of the dry-matter content of the web on the strength of the web. The relationship between the dry matter content of the web and the strength is disclosed in the graph in connection with the table I. Based on the test results it can be deduced that all the compositions S, P and SP increased the strength of the wet web, of these the composition SP the best. The development of the strength of the wet web as obtained from the test results is /drawings and given in in Fig.2 of the accompanying/ also disclosed as a grapl/=appendix 2/ The symbols 15, S, P and SP correspond to the compositions defined above. 6 WE CLAIM: 1. Additive composition for paper making to be added to the pulp prior to web formation, characterized in that said composition as its basic component comprises a component made from starch, in a manner such as herein described, which to its molecular weight has been thinned to a viscosity level of 10 to 400 (5%, 60 °C, Brookfield), and to its cationic charge has been cationized by solution cationizing using a quaternary nitrogen compound, such as herein described, to a charge of selected from the group consisting of: (a) a starch-based polymer dispersion comprising a co-polymer of (i) 5 to 40 % by dry weight of starch, cationized to have a degree of substitution of 0.01 to 1 and an intrinsic viscosity of > 1.0 dl/g, and (ii) 60 to 95% by dry weight of a polymer formed from a monomer mixture having at least one vinyl monomer and having a film formation temperature of 0 to 70 °C, dispersed in water, and (b) a polyamide epichlorhydrin resin (PAAE). 2. The additive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the basic component starch to its molecular weight has been thinned to a viscosity level of 100 to 400 mPas (5%, 60 °C, Brookfield). 3. The additive composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the basic component starch to its molecular weight has been thinned to a viscosity level of 100 to 200 mPas (5%, 60 °C, Brookfield). 4. The additive composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims 1 to 3, wherein the basic component starch has been cationized to a charge level of 0.36 to 2.5 mEq/g. 7 5. The additive composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims 1 to 3, wherein the basic component starch has been cationized to a charge level of 0.72 to 1.10 mEq/g. 6. The additive composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims 1 to 5, wherein the quantitative ratios between the basic component and the component (a) are in the range of 30 to 70 / 70 to 30%. 7. The additive composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein the quantitative ratios between the basic component and the component (a) are in the range of 40 to 60 / 60 to 40%. 8. The additive composition as claimed in claim 7, wherein the quantitative ratios between the basic component and the component (a) are in equal parts. 9. The additive composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims 1 to 5, wherein the quantitative ratios between the basic component and the component (b) are in the range of 25 to 75 / 75 to 25%. 10. The additive composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein the quantitative ratios between the basic component and the component (b) are in the range of 40 to 60 / 60 to 40%. 11. The additive composition as claimed in claim 10, wherein the quantitative ratios between the basic component and the component (b) are in equal parts. 12. The additive composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims 1 to 5, wherein the quantitative ratios between the basic component and the components (a) and (b) are in the range - 8 basic component, 10 to 50% component (a), 10 to 50% component (b), 10 to 50% so that the composition forms 100%. 13. The additive composition as claimed in claim 12, wherein the quantitative ratios between the basic component and the components (a) and (b) are in the range basic component, 20 to 40% component (a), 20 to 40% component (b), 20 to 40% so that the composition forms 100%. 14. Method for increasing the strength of a wet paper web by adding to the fiber suspension before the web formation any of the composition as defined in the preceding claims 1 to 8. 15. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the wet strength increasing composition is added in an amount of 1.0 to 3.0 kg/ton. The object of the present invention is an additive composition for paper making which is added to the pulp prior to web formation in order to increase the wet strength of the web. The basic component of the composition is a component made from starch, which to its molecular weight has been thinned to a viscosity level of 10 to 400 (5 %, 60 °C, Brookfield) which by solution cationizing using a quaternary nitrogen compound is cationized to a charge of 1.0 dl/g, b) 60 to 95 % of a monomer mixture containing at least one vinyl monomer and having a film formation temperature of 0 to 70 °C of a polymer formed therefrom, and water, and/or 2) polyamide epichlorhydrin resin (PAAE).

Full Text

ADDITIVE COMPOSITION FOR PAPER MAKING AND METHOD FOR INCREASING STRENGTH OF WET PAPER WEB USING THE SAME
The invention concerns an additive composition for paper making to be added to fiber pulp in a step preceding the web formation step of the paper making. The additive improves essentially the strength of the wet web, which is important as regards the wet part of the paper machine, because the improved strength diminishes breaks and makes the use of higher machine speeds possible.
The basic component in the additive composition is starch, which has been modified to better meet the requirements of the invention, by reduction of its molecule size and reacting the same with a suitable nitrogen compound in order to accomplish a proper cationic charge for the starch.
The reduction of the molecule size has been effected preferably using oxidation, such as peroxide oxidation. The reduction in molecule size is preferably effected so that a starch suspension with a consistency of 5 % possesses a viscosity of 10 to 400 mPas (Brookfield), preferably 100 to 400 mPas, and most preferably 100 to 200 mPas at a temperature of 60 °C. These values can be achieved for instance using a hydrogen peroxide amount of about 0.02 to 0.3 % based on the dry-matter of the starch in mild alkaline reaction conditions. The degree of degradation aimed at depends also on the cationic charge of the end product, because an increase in the cationic charge has a lowering effect on the viscosity of the end product. A dependency prevails also between the molecule size and the cationic charge, which has an influence on the behaviour of starch on paper machine.
Starch, which is modified to a proper viscosity level is then processed with a quaternary nitrogen compound in conformity with the invention so, that it possesses
a cationic charge in the range of to l.lO/ The product is made preferably using a solution cationizing process where the starch is introduced into the cationizing process in granular form, and the process conditions are selected to solubilize the starch totally during the process. Essential parameters for the process in this respect are the percentage of the starch to be cationized, a suitable alkalinity, and an elevated temperature. A

2
suitable alkaline (NaOH) charge is about 1.5-3 % of the dry-matter of the starch, and a suitable temperature is about 60 to 80 °C. The dry-matter content of the reation mixture should preferably be above 50 %, which i.a. gives a good yield for the end product. A suitable quaternary cationizing chemical is 2,3-epoxypropyl-trimethylammonium chloride, which is to used in an amount of about 10 to 40 % of the starch.
In addition to the basic component the additive composition contains at least one further component, by means of which the properties of the basic component, which are advantageous as such to the paper making process, can be modified in a direction towards the desired effect, and/or provide a composition, in which the syner-gistic effect of the components gives properties clearly different from the properties of the basic component.
One possible further component is a starch based polymer dispersion containing a graft copolymer of starch and monomers, subsequently called the graft component. This component contains, calculated as dry weight of the product, the following
a) 5 to 40 % starch having a cationic charge of 0.01 to 1 and an intrinsic viscosity
of > l.0 dl/g,
b) 60 to 95 % of a monomer mixture containing at least one vinyl monomer and
providing a polymer having a film formation temperature of 0 to 70 °C , and water.
The method of preparation of said graft component has been disclosed in WO/0046264
Another alternative component for the additive composition is polyamide epichlo-rhydrin resin (PAAE) used as a wet strength resin in the paper industry, which in the following will be called the resin component.

3
The additive composition can be made from these components alternatively depending on the intended use, so that the either the graft or the resin component, or both, are added to the basic component.
The quantitative ratios between the basic component and the graft component can be chosen in the range of 30 to 70 / 70 to 30 %, preferably 40 to 60/ 60 to 40 %. A composition containing equal parts is especially preferred.
Correspondingly the quantitative ratios between the basic component and the resin component can vary in the ranges 25 to 75 / 75 to 25 %, preferably 40 to 60 / 60 to 40%. Also in this case a composition containing equal parts is especially preferred.
In case the additive is composed of all three components, the proportions of the components can be within the ranges:
basic component, 10 to 50 %, preferably 20 to 40 %
graft component 10 to 50 %, preferably 20 to 40 %
resin component 10 to 50 %, preferably 20 to 40 %
so that the composition forms 100 %.
It has been observed that advantageous results can be obtained with the additive composition according to the invention for example so that the basic component together with the graft component has led to improved retention on the paper machine. It has been observed that the printing characteristics of a paper made using this additive compostion have improved, as also improved paper strength characteristics and improved dimensional stability have been observed.
The basic component and the resin component decrease the linting tendency of the manufactured paper. Improved retention and improved dewatering have been observed as advantageous effects in the manufacturing stage. It has also been obser-

ved that the additive has fixating properties, which is of importance from the point of view of removing detrimental substances from the circulation.
It has been observed that the strength of the wet stage web has increased especially with an additive composition which in addition to the basic component includes both a graft and a resin component.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS:
Figures 1 and 2 tabulates the test results of example I given below and gives graphical representations of the relation between dry matter content of the web and its strength.

4A The operability of the invention is illustrated with the following example.
Example 1
Newsprint was made on a pilot scale paper machine, the fiber stock of which consisted of 50 % pressure groundwood and 50 % thermomechanical pulp, which had been bleached with dithionite. In the test run, additive composition in an amount of 1, 2 and 3 kg/ton paper (dry/dry) was added to the pulp prior to web formation.
The basic component in the additive composition used-in the tests was thinned starch, which had been cationized using 25 %, calculated from the amount of starch, of the cationizing chemical 2,3-epoxypropyl-trimethylammonium chloride.
As a second additional component, graft component, to be combined with this basic component a composition was used which contains 20 % starch, having a cationic charge of approximately 0.05 and an intrinsic viscosity of 3 to 15 dl/g, 19 % acrylonitrile, 30 % butyl acrylate, 31 % styrene, and water.
As a second additional component, the resin component, polyamide epichlorhydrin resin (PAAE) was used.
The test results obtained are given in the table I in appendix lin Fig.l of the accompanying drawings.

5
The reference in the test was an additive, which was the same as the basic component of the additive composition according to the invention, and is indicated in the table with the symbol "15".
The symbol "S" in the table means an additive composition containing 50 % basic component 15 and 50 % graft component. The symbol "P" in turn means an additive composition containing 50 % of basic component and 50 % of resin component. The symbol "SP" in turn means a composition containing 1/3 of basic component, 1/3 of graft component and 1/3 of resin component.
The strength of the wet web was measured and based thereon the effect of the additive component on the strength was derived, by taking into account the effect of the dry-matter content of the web on the strength of the web. The relationship between the dry matter content of the web and the strength is disclosed in the graph in connection with the table I.
Based on the test results it can be deduced that all the compositions S, P and SP increased the strength of the wet web, of these the composition SP the best.
The development of the strength of the wet web as obtained from the test results is /drawings
and given in in Fig.2 of the accompanying/
also disclosed as a grapl/=appendix 2/ The symbols 15, S, P and SP
correspond to the compositions defined above.

6 WE CLAIM:
1. Additive composition for paper making to be added to the pulp prior to
web formation, characterized in that said composition as its basic component
comprises a component made from starch, in a manner such as herein
described, which to its molecular weight has been thinned to a viscosity level of
10 to 400 (5%, 60 °C, Brookfield), and to its cationic charge has been cationized
by solution cationizing using a quaternary nitrogen compound, such as herein
described, to a charge of selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a starch-based polymer dispersion comprising a co-polymer of
(i) 5 to 40 % by dry weight of starch, cationized to have a
degree of substitution of 0.01 to 1 and an intrinsic
viscosity of > 1.0 dl/g, and (ii) 60 to 95% by dry weight of a polymer formed from
a monomer mixture having at least one vinyl
monomer and having a film formation temperature
of 0 to 70 °C,
dispersed in water, and
(b) a polyamide epichlorhydrin resin (PAAE).
2. The additive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the basic
component starch to its molecular weight has been thinned to a viscosity level of
100 to 400 mPas (5%, 60 °C, Brookfield).
3. The additive composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the basic
component starch to its molecular weight has been thinned to a viscosity level of
100 to 200 mPas (5%, 60 °C, Brookfield).
4. The additive composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims 1 to
3, wherein the basic component starch has been cationized to a charge level of
0.36 to 2.5 mEq/g.

7
5. The additive composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims 1 to
3, wherein the basic component starch has been cationized to a charge level of
0.72 to 1.10 mEq/g.
6. The additive composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims 1 to
5, wherein the quantitative ratios between the basic component and the
component (a) are in the range of 30 to 70 / 70 to 30%.
7. The additive composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein the quantitative
ratios between the basic component and the component (a) are in the range of
40 to 60 / 60 to 40%.
8. The additive composition as claimed in claim 7, wherein the quantitative
ratios between the basic component and the component (a) are in equal parts.
9. The additive composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims 1 to
5, wherein the quantitative ratios between the basic component and the
component (b) are in the range of 25 to 75 / 75 to 25%.
10. The additive composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein the quantitative
ratios between the basic component and the component (b) are in the range of
40 to 60 / 60 to 40%.
11. The additive composition as claimed in claim 10, wherein the quantitative
ratios between the basic component and the component (b) are in equal parts.
12. The additive composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims 1 to
5, wherein the quantitative ratios between the basic component and the
components (a) and (b) are in the range -

8
basic component, 10 to 50% component (a), 10 to 50% component (b), 10 to 50% so that the composition forms 100%.
13. The additive composition as claimed in claim 12, wherein the quantitative
ratios between the basic component and the components (a) and (b) are in the
range
basic component, 20 to 40% component (a), 20 to 40% component (b), 20 to 40% so that the composition forms 100%.
14. Method for increasing the strength of a wet paper web by adding to the
fiber suspension before the web formation any of the composition as defined in
the preceding claims 1 to 8.
15. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the wet strength increasing
composition is added in an amount of 1.0 to 3.0 kg/ton.
The object of the present invention is an additive composition for paper making which is added to the pulp prior to web formation in order to increase the wet strength of the web. The basic component of the composition is a component made from starch, which to its molecular weight has been thinned to a viscosity level of 10 to 400 (5 %, 60 °C, Brookfield) which by solution cationizing using a quaternary nitrogen compound is cationized to a charge of 1.0 dl/g, b) 60 to 95 % of a monomer mixture containing at least one vinyl monomer and having a film formation temperature of 0 to 70 °C of a polymer formed therefrom, and water, and/or 2) polyamide epichlorhydrin resin (PAAE).

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Patent Number

207365

Indian Patent Application Number

IN/PCT/2001/00044/KOL

PG Journal Number

23/2007

Publication Date

08-Jun-2007

Grant Date

07-Jun-2007

Date of Filing

11-Jan-2001

Name of Patentee

RAISIO CHEMICALS LTD

Applicant Address

RAISIONKAARI 60, FIN-21200 RAISIO,

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	LUUKKONEN KARI	M/s. TENAVAKATU 18-A, FIN-21200 RAISIO

PCT International Classification Number

D21H 17/29

PCT International Application Number

PCT/FI99/00602

PCT International Filing date

1999-07-07

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	981586	1998-07-10	Finland
2	990228	1999-02-05	Finland