Title of Invention	A PROCESS OF PREPARING ESTERIFIED KARANJA OIL AS A FUEL FOR COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE AND A FUEL THEREFOR
Abstract	This invention relates to a process for preparing esterified karanja oil as a fuel for compressing ignition engine which process comprises the following steps - a) heating karanja oil within a range of from 5$ C to 70°C; b) adding potassium hydroxide (KOH) and methyl alcohol in predetermined amounts; c) stirring the mixture thoroughly; d) separating glycerol from said mixture in a known manner, e) washing said mixture with distilled water; and f) heating the mixture for removing water.

Title of Invention

A PROCESS OF PREPARING ESTERIFIED KARANJA OIL AS A FUEL FOR COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE AND A FUEL THEREFOR

Abstract

This invention relates to a process for preparing esterified karanja oil as a fuel for compressing ignition engine which process comprises the following steps - a) heating karanja oil within a range of from 5$ C to 70°C; b) adding potassium hydroxide (KOH) and methyl alcohol in predetermined amounts; c) stirring the mixture thoroughly; d) separating glycerol from said mixture in a known manner, e) washing said mixture with distilled water; and f) heating the mixture for removing water.

Full Text	The present invention relates to an alternate fuel for running the compression ignition engines. The compression ignition engines are run on diesel and thereby generating carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide among other undesirable gases and particulate matters. This causes pollution in the atmosphere and thus ecological imbalances to a large extent. Rapid increase in the prices of petroleum products, uncertainties of their supply and harmful exhaust emissions have attracted the researchers to go for alternative fuel. It has therefore been an endeavour of all concerned to look for a equifriendly and an effective petrol/diesel substrate. Thus an object of the present invention is to meet the challenge and to look for a substitute of diesel. A further object of the present invention is to provide a process of esterifying Karanja Oil to produce substitute for diesel. According to the present invention the process of esterification of Karanja Oil comprises the following steps- a) heating Karanja Oil at about 60°C; b) adding potassium hydroxide (KOH) and methyl alcohol; c) stirring the mixture thoroughly; d) separating glycerol from said mixture in a known manner; e) washing said mixture with distilled water; and f) heating the mixture for removing water. The process has been standardized in the laboratory. : 2 : The chemical reaction of the developed process is given hereunder. Karanja oil Methanol Karanja methyl ester Glycerol (Esterification of Karanja Oil ) The amount of KOH and methyl alcohol required, duration of stirring, minimum holding time for separation of glycerol and ester for 1 litre of karanja oil were determined and are summarized in Table 1. The fuel properties of esterified karanja oil as well as its blends with diesel are summarized in Table 2. Table 1 Standardized processes for esterification of karanja oil. Sl.No. Process Quantity 1. Heating 60°C 2. KOH addition 13 g 3. Methyl alcohol addition 270 ml 4. Stirring at 500 rpm 35 min 5. Settling time 6 h (minimum) 6. Washing Twice 7. Heating 100°C : 3 : Table 2 Fuel properties of karanja oil, karanja methyl ester and its blends. SI Fuel Specific Kinematic Calorific Flash No. gravity Viscosity Value Point (mm2/sec) (MJ/kg) °C 1 Karanja oil 0.912 27.84 34 205 2 B100 0.876 9.60 36.12 187 3 B20 0.848 3.39 38.28 79 4 B40 0.856 4.63 37.85 81 5 B60 0.864 5.42 37.25 84 6 B80 0.869 6.56 36.47 92 7 Diesel 0.846 2.60 42.21 52 Test method IP 160/ 168(82) IP 70/49 IP 12/73 IP (B20 =20% karanja methyl ester+ 80% diesel) (B40 =40% karanja methyl ester+ 60% diesel) (B60 =60% karanja + 40% diesel) (B80 = 80% karanja + 20% diesel) (B100= 100% karanja methyl ester) The fuel consumption thermal efficiency of the engine, power and torque were determined at different engine speed using the fuel substitute and are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein — Fig.1 shows variation of break power with engine speed Fig.2 shows variation of torque with engine speed Fig.3 shows variation of brake specific fuel consumption with engine speed Fig.4 shows variation of brake thermal efficiency with engine speed Fig.5 shows the variation of CO with engine speed Fig.6 shows the variation of smoke density with engine speed Further data observed on engine testing is illustrated in Table 3 and the emission data during engine test is tabulated in Table 4 set out hereinbelow. : 4: Table 3 The observed data on engine testing. : 5 : Table 4 The observed emission data during engine test. : 6: From these observations, it was concluded that the blends of esterified Karanja Oil with diesel upto 40% by volume could replace diesel for running CI. Engines for getting less emissions without sacrificing the power output. : 7 : Dated this 5th day of May 2003. WE CLAM: 1. A process for preparing esterified karanja oil as a fuel for compressing ignition engine which process comprises the following steps - a) heating karanja oil within a range of from 55°C to 70°C; b) adding potassium hydroxide (KOH) and methyl alcohol in predetermined amounts; c) stirring the mixture thoroughly; d) separating glycerol from said mixture in a known manner, e) washing said mixture with distilled water; and f) heating the mixture for removing water. 2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the karanja oil is heated to a temperature of about 60°C. 3. A process as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein for one litre of karanja oil about 13g of potassium hydroxide and about 250-270 ml of methyl alocohol are added. 4. A process as claimed in any of me preceding claims wherein the mixture of karanja oil, potassium hydroxide and methyl alcohol is subject to the stirring thoroughly at about 500 rpm for about 30-40 minutes. 5. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein esterified karanja oil is removed from the mixture by washing and evaporation, 6. A fuel composition for running the compression ignition engines comprising 20% of karanja methyl ester as prepared by a process as claimed in all the preceding claims and 80% of diesei. 7. A fuel composition as claimed in claim 6 comprising 40% of karanja methyl ester and 60% of diesel. : 10 : A fuel composition as claimed in claim 6 comprising 60% of karanja methyl ester and 40% of diesel. 9. A fuel composition as claimed in claim 6 comprising 80% of karanja methyl ester and 20% of diesel. 10. A process for preparing eaterified karanja oil as a fuel tor compression ignition engine substantially as herein described. Dated this 21st day of July 2004. : 11 : A PROCESS OF PREPARING ESTERIFIED KARANJA OIL AS A FUEL FOR COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE AND A FUEL THEREFOR This invention relates to a process for preparing esterified karanja oil as a fuel for compressing ignition engine which process comprises the following steps - a) heating karanja oil within a range of from 5$ C to 70°C; b) adding potassium hydroxide (KOH) and methyl alcohol in predetermined amounts; c) stirring the mixture thoroughly; d) separating glycerol from said mixture in a known manner, e) washing said mixture with distilled water; and f) heating the mixture for removing water.

Full Text

The present invention relates to an alternate fuel for running the compression ignition engines.
The compression ignition engines are run on diesel and thereby generating carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide among other undesirable gases and particulate matters. This causes pollution in the atmosphere and thus ecological imbalances to a large extent. Rapid increase in the prices of petroleum products, uncertainties of their supply and harmful exhaust emissions have attracted the researchers to go for alternative fuel.
It has therefore been an endeavour of all concerned to look for a equifriendly and an effective petrol/diesel substrate.
Thus an object of the present invention is to meet the challenge and to look for a substitute of diesel.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a process of esterifying Karanja Oil to produce substitute for diesel.
According to the present invention the process of esterification of Karanja Oil comprises the following steps-
a) heating Karanja Oil at about 60°C;
b) adding potassium hydroxide (KOH) and methyl alcohol;
c) stirring the mixture thoroughly;
d) separating glycerol from said mixture in a known manner;
e) washing said mixture with distilled water; and
f) heating the mixture for removing water.
The process has been standardized in the laboratory.
: 2 :

The chemical reaction of the developed process is given hereunder.

Karanja oil Methanol Karanja methyl ester Glycerol
(Esterification of Karanja Oil )
The amount of KOH and methyl alcohol required, duration of stirring, minimum holding time for separation of glycerol and ester for 1 litre of karanja oil were determined and are summarized in Table 1. The fuel properties of esterified karanja oil as well as its blends with diesel are summarized in Table 2.
Table 1 Standardized processes for esterification of karanja oil.

Sl.No. Process Quantity
1. Heating 60°C
2. KOH addition 13 g
3. Methyl alcohol addition 270 ml
4. Stirring at 500 rpm 35 min
5. Settling time 6 h (minimum)
6. Washing Twice
7. Heating 100°C
: 3 :

Table 2 Fuel properties of karanja oil, karanja methyl ester and its blends.

SI Fuel Specific Kinematic Calorific Flash
No. gravity Viscosity Value Point
(mm2/sec) (MJ/kg) °C
1 Karanja oil 0.912 27.84 34 205
2 B100 0.876 9.60 36.12 187
3 B20 0.848 3.39 38.28 79
4 B40 0.856 4.63 37.85 81
5 B60 0.864 5.42 37.25 84
6 B80 0.869 6.56 36.47 92
7 Diesel 0.846 2.60 42.21 52
Test method IP 160/ 168(82) IP 70/49 IP 12/73 IP
(B20 =20% karanja methyl ester+ 80% diesel) (B40 =40% karanja methyl ester+ 60% diesel) (B60 =60% karanja + 40% diesel) (B80 = 80% karanja + 20% diesel) (B100= 100% karanja methyl ester)
The fuel consumption thermal efficiency of the engine, power and torque were determined at different engine speed using the fuel substitute and are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein —
Fig.1 shows variation of break power with engine speed
Fig.2 shows variation of torque with engine speed
Fig.3 shows variation of brake specific fuel consumption with
engine speed Fig.4 shows variation of brake thermal efficiency with engine
speed Fig.5 shows the variation of CO with engine speed Fig.6 shows the variation of smoke density with engine speed
Further data observed on engine testing is illustrated in Table 3 and the emission data during engine test is tabulated in Table 4 set out hereinbelow.
: 4:

Table 3 The observed data on engine testing.

: 5 :

Table 4 The observed emission data during engine test.

: 6:

From these observations, it was concluded that the blends of esterified Karanja Oil with diesel upto 40% by volume could replace diesel for running CI. Engines for getting less emissions without sacrificing the power output.
: 7 :
Dated this 5th day of May 2003.

WE CLAM:
1. A process for preparing esterified karanja oil as a fuel for compressing ignition
engine which process comprises the following steps -
a) heating karanja oil within a range of from 55°C to 70°C;
b) adding potassium hydroxide (KOH) and methyl alcohol in predetermined amounts;
c) stirring the mixture thoroughly;
d) separating glycerol from said mixture in a known manner,
e) washing said mixture with distilled water; and
f) heating the mixture for removing water.

2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the karanja oil is heated to a temperature of about 60°C.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein for one litre of karanja oil about 13g of potassium hydroxide and about 250-270 ml of methyl alocohol are added.
4. A process as claimed in any of me preceding claims wherein the mixture of karanja oil, potassium hydroxide and methyl alcohol is subject to the stirring thoroughly at about 500 rpm for about 30-40 minutes.

5. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein esterified karanja oil is removed from the mixture by washing and evaporation,
6. A fuel composition for running the compression ignition engines comprising 20% of karanja methyl ester as prepared by a process as claimed in all the preceding claims and 80% of diesei.
7. A fuel composition as claimed in claim 6 comprising 40% of karanja methyl ester and 60% of diesel.
: 10 :

A fuel composition as claimed in claim 6 comprising 60% of karanja methyl ester and 40% of diesel.
9. A fuel composition as claimed in claim 6 comprising 80% of karanja methyl ester and 20% of diesel.
10. A process for preparing eaterified karanja oil as a fuel tor compression ignition engine substantially as herein described.

Dated this 21st day of July 2004.
: 11 :
A PROCESS OF PREPARING ESTERIFIED KARANJA OIL AS A FUEL FOR COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE AND A FUEL THEREFOR
This invention relates to a process for preparing esterified karanja oil as a fuel for compressing ignition engine which process comprises the following steps -
a) heating karanja oil within a range of from 5$ C to 70°C;
b) adding potassium hydroxide (KOH) and methyl alcohol in predetermined amounts;
c) stirring the mixture thoroughly;
d) separating glycerol from said mixture in a known manner,
e) washing said mixture with distilled water; and
f) heating the mixture for removing water.

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Patent Number

205304

Indian Patent Application Number

00256/KOL/2003

PG Journal Number

13/2007

Publication Date

30-Mar-2007

Grant Date

30-Mar-2007

Date of Filing

05-May-2003

Name of Patentee

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Applicant Address

KHARAGPUR 721302

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	RAHEMAN HIFJUR	INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR 721302
2	PHADATARE ARJUN GOVINDRAO	INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR 721302

PCT International Classification Number

C 01 L 1/10

PCT International Application Number

N/A

PCT International Filing date

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1			NA