Title of Invention	AN OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR COMBINING THE TWO IMAGES
Abstract	An optical system (20) for combining two images, said system comprising: a pentagonal prism (24) having a first surface (25) for intercepting the auxiliary image and directing an auxiliary image beam (26) toward an opposing second surface (27) so as to be internally reflected by the second surface towards a third surface (29) so as to be internally reflected by the third surface and propagated out of the pentagonal prism through a fourth surface (30) opposite the third surface towards the observer, and directing optics (31) proximate and external to the third surface (29) for directing a main image beam (34) derived from a main image (23) through the third surface into the pentagonal prism and out of the fourth surface (30) thereof towards the observer; characterized in that at least one of the surfaces of the surfaces (27) of the pentagonal prism is aspheric.

Title of Invention

AN OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR COMBINING THE TWO IMAGES

Abstract

An optical system (20) for combining two images, said system comprising: a pentagonal prism (24) having a first surface (25) for intercepting the auxiliary image and directing an auxiliary image beam (26) toward an opposing second surface (27) so as to be internally reflected by the second surface towards a third surface (29) so as to be internally reflected by the third surface and propagated out of the pentagonal prism through a fourth surface (30) opposite the third surface towards the observer, and directing optics (31) proximate and external to the third surface (29) for directing a main image beam (34) derived from a main image (23) through the third surface into the pentagonal prism and out of the fourth surface (30) thereof towards the observer; characterized in that at least one of the surfaces of the surfaces (27) of the pentagonal prism is aspheric.

Full Text	WO 99/64914 _ 1 _ Optical system for directing an auxiliary image towards as observer so as to be superimposed oh to a main image FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to optical combiners for superimposing two images. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It is a frequent requirement to superimpose one optical image on another. For example, in a pilot head-up display, aircraft instruments may be imaged and projected on to the helmet visor as a virtual image emanating from infinity, so as to be superimposed on the landscape image seen through the visor. As is well known, such a technique obviates the need for the pilot to remove his gaze from the landscape in order to read the instrument panel. Fig. I is an optical ray ^diagram showing schematically a typical prior art optical combiner depicted generally as 10 for combining an image of an instrument 11 on to an external image seen by an observer 12. The instrument panels is imaged by an imaging objective 13 so as to project an incident beam of light-14 on to a beam splitter 15 having a partially reflective coating. A first portion 16 of the incident beam is reflected by the beam splitter 15 toward a concave reflector 17 which reflects the first portion 16 back through the beam splitter 15 as a second portion 18 towards the observer 12, wo 99/64914 -2- It is thus apparent that the beam splitter constitutes a major limitation in the overall efficiency of the optical system 10. This limitation 'derives from the fact that the beam splitter both reflects and transmits the incident beam and that any improvement to the reflectivity is at the expense of transmissivity and vice versa. For this reason optimal results are achieved when the reflectivity and transmissivity of the beam splitter arc equal. Thus, in an optimally configured system the beam splitter 15 may be assumed to reflect and transmit 50% of the light incident thereon. On this basis, the first portion 16 of the beam reflected by the beam splitter 15 has only 50% of the intensity of the original beam emanating from the instrument 11. The second portion 18 of the incident beam which finally reaches the observer 12 after yet again passing through the beam splitter 15 has a net intensity equal to only 25% of the intensity of the original light beam. This figure assumes 100% transmission through the imaging objective 13 and the concave reflector 17, which can never be met in practice. Thus, allowing for only 90% reflection by these two optics, the net intensity of the beam reaching the observer is close to 20% of the original beam. The net intensity can be increased somewhat to between 30 to 50% by employing polarizers or A/4 plates for the concave reflector 17, However, any improvements to the transmissivity of the imaging objective 13 and to the reflectivity of the concave reflector 17 are marginal compared to the 25% net propagation of the beam through the beam splitter 15. EP 0 303 742 discloses a head-up display for aircraft cockpits comprising an optical system for directing an image produced by a CRT on to a partly-reflective screen in the pilot's field of view. A prism having at least one curved face that acts as a lens replaces the fold mirror in previous systems allowing the CRT image to be directed towards the observer from a different direction than the external scene. The prism allows the optical -2a- system to be kept compact. In such a system, at least one combiner screen, or beam splitter, must still be used to present both images to the observer simultaneously. DE 38 09 656 discloses an optical system employing a pentaprism for splitting an image and directing to two independent observers, one of whom may use an ocular and the other a TV camera, for example. The pentaprism has five surfaces of which four are optically active., and are planar. GB 2 222 892 discloses an optical display apparatus for a head-up display using conventional 45° beam splitters and is thus subject to the loss in transmissivity referred to above. DE 39 17 200 discloses an optical combiner employing a conventional beam splitter and is thus subject to the loss in transmissivity referred to above. US 4,697,882 discloses a beam splitter constructed from a two prism assembly wherein a first prism has an entrance face, an inclined face, and a mirrored face for totally reflecting a beam reflected from the inclined face back to the inclined face. A second prism has an entrance face in parallel with the inclined face of the first prism, and two exit faces. One of the exit faces of the second prism cooperates with the mirrored face of the first prism. When the first and second prisms are turned as a unit, the inclined face of the first prism either passes a light beam arriving from the entrance face through to the second prism and out one of the exit faces or totally reflects the arriving light beam to the mirrored face. The light beam reflected back from the mirrored face now passes through the inclined face to the second prism and out the cooperating exit face of the second prism. -3- system to be kept compact. In such a system, at least one combiner screen, or beam splitter, must still be used to present both images to the observer simultaneously. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is thus an object of the invention to provide an improved optical system for combining two images whilst avoiding the need for a beam splitter. According to the invention there is provided an optical system for directing an auxiliary image towards an observer so as to be superimposed on to a main image, the optical system comprising: a pentagonal prism having a first surface for intercepting the auxiliary image and directing an auxiliary image beam toward an opposing second surface so as to be internally reflected by the second surface towards a third surface so as to be internally reflected by the third surface and propagated out of the pentagonal prism through a fourth surface opposite the third surface towards the observer, and optical means proximate and external to the third surface for directing a main image beam derived from the main image through the third surface into the pentagonal prism and out of the fourth surface thereof towards the observer. In essence, the invention substitutes a pentagonal prism for the beam splitter used in conventional optical combiners. Within the pentagonal prism, light is internally reflected by both the second and third surfaces using internal, reflection, such that the effective reflectivity of each surface can be close to 90% (subject to other possible limitations). Likewise, the effective transmissivity of the main image through the third and fourth surfaces, can be kept relatively high (especially when using a dichroic reflective coating on the third surface) as can be the transmissivity of the - 4 - auxiliary image through the first surface. Thus, the auxiliary image can be very efficiently projected (with more than 75% efficiency) while keeping the main image with very high (depends on the dichroic coating on the third surface) transmission coefficient. This represents a significant improvement over hitherto proposed systems based on conventional beam splitters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING RAWINGS In order to understand the invention and to see how it may be carried out in practice, a preferred embodiment will now be described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. I is an optical ray diagram showing schematically a typical prior art optical combiner; and Fig. 2 is an optical ray diagram showing schematically an optical combiner according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Fig. 2 shows an optical system 20 for directing an auxiliary image derived from a display device 21 towards an observer 22 so as to be superimposed on to a main image 23. The optical system comprises a pentagonal prism 24 having a first surface 25 for intercepting the auxiliary image and directing an auxiliary image beam 26 toward an aspherical opposing second surface 27. The second surface 27 is coated with a reflective coating 28 so as to reflect the auxiliary beam towards a third surface 29 thereof. The third surface 29, coated with a dichroic reflective coating, internally reflects the auxiliary beam and allows it to be propagated out of the pentagonal prism 24 through a fourth surface 30 opposite the third surface 28 towards the observer 22. - 5 - A wedge 31 (constituting a directing optics) has a first surface 32 juxtaposed and external to the third surface 29 of the pentagonal prism 24. A second surface 33 of the wedge 31 is parallel to the fourth surface 30 of the pentagonal prism 24 for intercepting a main image beam 34 derived from the main image 23. The main image beam 34 thus propagates through the wedge 31 into the pentagonal prism 24 via the third surface 29 from which it emerges through the fourth surface 30 thereof towards the observer 22. In order to improve optical efficiency, the third surface 29 of the pentagonal prism 24 is coated with a dichroic reflective coating 35 so as to improve the reflectivity thereof with respect to the auxiliary image beam 26 whilst allowing unimpaired transmission therethrough of the main image beam 34. The second surface 27 of the pentagonal prism 24 is preferably tone in shape so as to ensure that the high quality auxiliary image be maintained while propagating through the optical system, toward the third surface 29 of the pentagonal prism 24. Light from the auxiliary image is directed through a curved imaging objective 26 (constituting either-an aspheric or spherical correction optics) which ensures that light emitted from each point of the display device 21 is dispersed so that it is reflected by the second surface 27 and maintaining the image quality. As a result the beam, which emerges from the fourth surface 30 towards the observer 22, appears to emanate from infinity and thus is seen in focus together with the main image 23 of the distant scene. It will be appreciated that modifications may be made to the specific optical design 'of the pentagonal prism without departing from the spirit of the invention. Thus, whilst in the preferred embodiment, the second surface 33 of the wedge 31 is parallel with the fourth surface 30 of the pentagonal prism 24, the same effect may be realized if the two surfaces 30 -6- and 33 form a zero-power optical'system (constituting an optical subsystem). Indeed, there may be occasions, when the optical sub-system formed by the second surface 33 of the wedge 31 and the fourth surface 30 of the pentagonal prism 24 are non-zero, and this too is contemplated by the invention. Likewise, whilst in the preferred embodiment, only the second surface 27 of the pentagonal prism 24 is shown as toric, the invention also contemplates any of the surfaces of the pentagonal prism 24 being planar or tone, providing that at least one surface is aspherical. - 7- 9 We Claim; 1. An optical system (20) for combining two images, said system com prising: a pentagonal prism (24) having a first surface (25) for intercepting the auxiliary image and directing an auxiliary image beam (26) toward an opposing second surface (27) so as to be internally reflected by the second surface towards a third surface (29) so as to be internally reflected by the third surface and propagated out of the pentagonal prism through a fourth surface (30) opposite the third surface towards the observer, and directing optics (31) proximate and external to the third surface (29) for directing a main image beam (34) derived from a main image (23) through the third surface into the pentagons prism and out of the fourth surface (30) thereof towards the observer; characterized in that at least one of the surfaces of the surfaces (27) of the pentagonal prism is aspheric. 2. The optical system as claimed is claim 1, wherein at least one of the surfaces (27) of the pentagonal prism is toric. 3. The optical system as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the surfaces of the pentagonal prism is planar. 4. The optical system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second surface (27) of the pentagonal prism is coated with a reflective coating (28) so as to improve the reflectivity thereof. 2. - 8- 5. The optical system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the direction optics is a wedge (31) having a first surface (32) juxtaposed to the third surface (29) of the pentagonal prism and having a second surface (33) parallel to the fourth surface (30) of the pentagonal prism for intercepting the main image beam (34). 6. The optical system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the direction optics is a wedge (31) having a first surface (32) juxtaposed to the third surface (29) of the pentagonal prism and having a second surface (33) which forms an optical sub-system with the fourth surface (30) of the pentagonal prism for intercepting the main image beam (34). 7. The optical system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the optical sub system is of zero order 8. The optical system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the auxiliary image beam is derived from a display device (21). 9. The optical system as claimed in claim 8, including either an aspheric or spherical correction optics (26) intermediate the display device (21) and the first surface (25) of the pentagonal prism for correcting for distortions introduced into the auxiliary image beam. 10. The optical system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the third surface (29) of the pentagonal prism is coated with a dichroic reflective coating so as to improve the reflectivity thereof with respect to the auxiliary image beam whilst allowing unimpaired transmission therethrough of the main image beam. 10. - 9 - 11. Use of the optical system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims for directing an auxiliary image towards an observer (21) so as to be superimposed on to the main image (23). An optical system (20) for combining two images, said system comprising: a pentagonal prism (24) having a first surface (25) for intercepting the auxiliary image and directing an auxiliary image beam (26) toward an opposing second surface (27) so as to be internally reflected by the second surface towards a third surface (29) so as to be internally reflected by the third surface and propagated out of the pentagonal prism through a fourth surface (30) opposite the third surface towards the observer, and directing optics (31) proximate and external to the third surface (29) for directing a main image beam (34) derived from a main image (23) through the third surface into the pentagonal prism and out of the fourth surface (30) thereof towards the observer; characterized in that at least one of the surfaces of the surfaces (27) of the pentagonal prism is aspheric.

Full Text

WO 99/64914
_ 1 _
Optical system for directing an auxiliary image towards as observer so as to be superimposed oh to a main image
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to optical combiners for superimposing two images.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is a frequent requirement to superimpose one optical image on another. For example, in a pilot head-up display, aircraft instruments may be imaged and projected on to the helmet visor as a virtual image emanating from infinity, so as to be superimposed on the landscape image seen through the visor. As is well known, such a technique obviates the need for the pilot to remove his gaze from the landscape in order to read the instrument panel.
Fig. I is an optical ray ^diagram showing schematically a typical prior art optical combiner depicted generally as 10 for combining an image of an instrument 11 on to an external image seen by an observer 12. The instrument panels is imaged by an imaging objective 13 so as to project an incident beam of light-14 on to a beam splitter 15 having a partially reflective coating. A first portion 16 of the incident beam is reflected by the beam splitter 15 toward a concave reflector 17 which reflects the first portion 16 back through the beam splitter 15 as a second portion 18 towards the observer 12,

wo 99/64914
-2-
It is thus apparent that the beam splitter constitutes a major limitation in the overall efficiency of the optical system 10. This limitation 'derives from the fact that the beam splitter both reflects and transmits the incident beam and that any improvement to the reflectivity is at the expense of transmissivity and vice versa. For this reason optimal results are achieved when the reflectivity and transmissivity of the beam splitter arc equal.
Thus, in an optimally configured system the beam splitter 15 may be assumed to reflect and transmit 50% of the light incident thereon. On this basis, the first portion 16 of the beam reflected by the beam splitter 15 has only 50% of the intensity of the original beam emanating from the instrument 11. The second portion 18 of the incident beam which finally reaches the observer 12 after yet again passing through the beam splitter 15 has a net intensity equal to only 25% of the intensity of the original light beam. This figure assumes 100% transmission through the imaging objective 13 and the concave reflector 17, which can never be met in practice. Thus, allowing for only 90% reflection by these two optics, the net intensity of the beam reaching the observer is close to 20% of the original beam. The net intensity can be increased somewhat to between 30 to 50% by employing polarizers or A/4 plates for the concave reflector 17, However, any improvements to the transmissivity of the imaging objective 13 and to the reflectivity of the concave reflector 17 are marginal compared to the 25% net propagation of the beam through the beam splitter 15.
EP 0 303 742 discloses a head-up display for aircraft cockpits comprising an optical system for directing an image produced by a CRT on to a partly-reflective screen in the pilot's field of view. A prism having at least one curved face that acts as a lens replaces the fold mirror in previous systems allowing the CRT image to be directed towards the observer from a different direction than the external scene. The prism allows the optical

-2a-
system to be kept compact. In such a system, at least one combiner screen, or beam splitter, must still be used to present both images to the observer simultaneously.
DE 38 09 656 discloses an optical system employing a pentaprism for splitting an image and directing to two independent observers, one of whom may use an ocular and the other a TV camera, for example. The pentaprism has five surfaces of which four are optically active., and are planar.
GB 2 222 892 discloses an optical display apparatus for a head-up display using conventional 45° beam splitters and is thus subject to the loss in transmissivity referred to above.
DE 39 17 200 discloses an optical combiner employing a conventional beam splitter and is thus subject to the loss in transmissivity referred to above.
US 4,697,882 discloses a beam splitter constructed from a two prism assembly wherein a first prism has an entrance face, an inclined face, and a mirrored face for totally reflecting a beam reflected from the inclined face back to the inclined face. A second prism has an entrance face in parallel with the inclined face of the first prism, and two exit faces. One of the exit faces of the second prism cooperates with the mirrored face of the first prism. When the first and second prisms are turned as a unit, the inclined face of the first prism either passes a light beam arriving from the entrance face through to the second prism and out one of the exit faces or totally reflects the arriving light beam to the mirrored face. The light beam reflected back from the mirrored face now passes through the inclined face to the second prism and out the cooperating exit face of the second prism.

-3-
system to be kept compact. In such a system, at least one combiner screen, or beam splitter, must still be used to present both images to the observer simultaneously.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is thus an object of the invention to provide an improved optical system for combining two images whilst avoiding the need for a beam splitter.
According to the invention there is provided an optical system for directing an auxiliary image towards an observer so as to be superimposed on to a main image, the optical system comprising:
a pentagonal prism having a first surface for intercepting the auxiliary image and directing an auxiliary image beam toward an opposing second surface so as to be internally reflected by the second surface towards a third surface so as to be internally reflected by the third surface and propagated out of the pentagonal prism through a fourth surface opposite the third surface towards the observer, and
optical means proximate and external to the third surface for directing a main image beam derived from the main image through the third surface into the pentagonal prism and out of the fourth surface thereof towards the observer.
In essence, the invention substitutes a pentagonal prism for the beam splitter used in conventional optical combiners. Within the pentagonal prism, light is internally reflected by both the second and third surfaces using internal, reflection, such that the effective reflectivity of each surface can be close to 90% (subject to other possible limitations). Likewise, the effective transmissivity of the main image through the third and fourth surfaces, can be kept relatively high (especially when using a dichroic reflective coating on the third surface) as can be the transmissivity of the

- 4 -
auxiliary image through the first surface. Thus, the auxiliary image can be very efficiently projected (with more than 75% efficiency) while keeping the main image with very high (depends on the dichroic coating on the third surface) transmission coefficient. This represents a significant improvement over hitherto proposed systems based on conventional beam splitters.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING RAWINGS
In order to understand the invention and to see how it may be carried out in practice, a preferred embodiment will now be described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. I is an optical ray diagram showing schematically a typical prior art optical combiner; and
Fig. 2 is an optical ray diagram showing schematically an optical combiner according to the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Fig. 2 shows an optical system 20 for directing an auxiliary image derived from a display device 21 towards an observer 22 so as to be superimposed on to a main image 23. The optical system comprises a pentagonal prism 24 having a first surface 25 for intercepting the auxiliary image and directing an auxiliary image beam 26 toward an aspherical opposing second surface 27. The second surface 27 is coated with a reflective coating 28 so as to reflect the auxiliary beam towards a third surface 29 thereof. The third surface 29, coated with a dichroic reflective coating, internally reflects the auxiliary beam and allows it to be propagated out of the pentagonal prism 24 through a fourth surface 30 opposite the third surface 28 towards the observer 22.

- 5 -
A wedge 31 (constituting a directing optics) has a first surface 32 juxtaposed and external to the third surface 29 of the pentagonal prism 24. A second surface 33 of the wedge 31 is parallel to the fourth surface 30 of the pentagonal prism 24 for intercepting a main image beam 34 derived from the main image 23. The main image beam 34 thus propagates through the wedge 31 into the pentagonal prism 24 via the third surface 29 from which it emerges through the fourth surface 30 thereof towards the observer 22.
In order to improve optical efficiency, the third surface 29 of the pentagonal prism 24 is coated with a dichroic reflective coating 35 so as to improve the reflectivity thereof with respect to the auxiliary image beam 26 whilst allowing unimpaired transmission therethrough of the main image beam 34.
The second surface 27 of the pentagonal prism 24 is preferably tone in shape so as to ensure that the high quality auxiliary image be maintained while propagating through the optical system, toward the third surface 29 of the pentagonal prism 24. Light from the auxiliary image is directed through a curved imaging objective 26 (constituting either-an aspheric or spherical correction optics) which ensures that light emitted from each point of the display device 21 is dispersed so that it is reflected by the second surface 27 and maintaining the image quality. As a result the beam, which emerges from the fourth surface 30 towards the observer 22, appears to emanate from infinity and thus is seen in focus together with the main image 23 of the distant scene.
It will be appreciated that modifications may be made to the specific optical design 'of the pentagonal prism without departing from the spirit of the invention. Thus, whilst in the preferred embodiment, the second surface 33 of the wedge 31 is parallel with the fourth surface 30 of the pentagonal prism 24, the same effect may be realized if the two surfaces 30

-6-
and 33 form a zero-power optical'system (constituting an optical subsystem). Indeed, there may be occasions, when the optical sub-system formed by the second surface 33 of the wedge 31 and the fourth surface 30 of the pentagonal prism 24 are non-zero, and this too is contemplated by the invention.
Likewise, whilst in the preferred embodiment, only the second surface 27 of the pentagonal prism 24 is shown as toric, the invention also contemplates any of the surfaces of the pentagonal prism 24 being planar or tone, providing that at least one surface is aspherical.

- 7-
9
We Claim;
1. An optical system (20) for combining two images, said system
com prising:
a pentagonal prism (24) having a first surface (25) for intercepting the auxiliary image and directing an auxiliary image beam (26) toward an opposing second surface (27) so as to be internally reflected by the second surface towards a third surface (29) so as to be internally reflected by the third surface and propagated out of the pentagonal prism through a fourth surface (30) opposite the third surface towards the observer, and directing optics (31) proximate and external to the third surface (29) for directing a main image beam (34) derived from a main image (23) through the third surface into the pentagons prism and out of the fourth surface (30) thereof towards the observer;
characterized in that at least one of the surfaces of the surfaces (27) of the pentagonal prism is aspheric.
2. The optical system as claimed is claim 1, wherein at least one of
the surfaces (27) of the pentagonal prism is toric.
3. The optical system as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of
the surfaces of the pentagonal prism is planar.
4. The optical system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims,
wherein the second surface (27) of the pentagonal prism is coated
with a reflective coating (28) so as to improve the reflectivity
thereof.
2.
- 8-
5. The optical system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims,
wherein the direction optics is a wedge (31) having a first surface
(32) juxtaposed to the third surface (29) of the pentagonal prism
and having a second surface (33) parallel to the fourth surface (30)
of the pentagonal prism for intercepting the main image beam (34).
6. The optical system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein
the direction optics is a wedge (31) having a first surface (32)
juxtaposed to the third surface (29) of the pentagonal prism and
having a second surface (33) which forms an optical sub-system
with the fourth surface (30) of the pentagonal prism for
intercepting the main image beam (34).
7. The optical system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the optical sub
system is of zero order
8. The optical system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims,
wherein the auxiliary image beam is derived from a display device
(21).
9. The optical system as claimed in claim 8, including either an
aspheric or spherical correction optics (26) intermediate the display
device (21) and the first surface (25) of the pentagonal prism for
correcting for distortions introduced into the auxiliary image beam.
10. The optical system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims,
wherein the third surface (29) of the pentagonal prism is coated
with a dichroic reflective coating so as to improve the reflectivity
thereof with respect to the auxiliary image beam whilst allowing
unimpaired transmission therethrough of the main image beam.
10.

- 9 -
11. Use of the optical system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims for directing an auxiliary image towards an observer (21) so as to be superimposed on to the main image (23).

An optical system (20) for combining two images, said system comprising: a pentagonal prism (24) having a first surface (25) for intercepting the auxiliary image and directing an auxiliary image beam (26) toward an opposing second surface (27) so as to be internally reflected by the second surface towards a third surface (29) so as to be internally reflected by the third surface and propagated out of the pentagonal prism through a fourth surface (30) opposite the third surface towards the observer, and directing optics (31) proximate and external to the third surface (29) for directing a main image beam (34) derived from a main image (23) through the third surface into the pentagonal prism and out of the fourth surface (30) thereof towards the observer; characterized in that at least one of the surfaces of the surfaces (27) of the pentagonal prism is aspheric.

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Patent Number

202483

Indian Patent Application Number

IN/PCT/2000/0611/KOL

PG Journal Number

08/2007

Publication Date

23-Feb-2007

Grant Date

23-Feb-2007

Date of Filing

08-Dec-2000

Name of Patentee

VECTOP LTD.

Applicant Address

HAMELACHA STREET, 22 48091 ROSH HA'AYIN, ISRAEL, AN ISRAELI COMPANY

Inventors:

#	Inventor's Name	Inventor's Address
1	CARMELI, RAN	OREN STREET 4, 56910 MAGSHIMIM

PCT International Classification Number

G 02 B 27/14

PCT International Application Number

PCT/IL99/00304

PCT International Filing date

1999-06-08

PCT Conventions:

#	PCT Application Number	Date of Convention	Priority Country
1	124816	1998-06-08	Israel