| Title of Invention | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONNECTING A CALL IN A TANDEM ARCHITECTURE |
|---|---|
| Abstract | A system, (202) and method for connecting a call in a tandem architecture comprises a signaling processor (224) for processing call signaling to determine connections for the user communications. A controllable asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) matrix (226) accepts control messages from the signaling processor (224) and accepts user communications from switching systems (206). In response to the control message, the ATM matrix connects the user communications to the designated connection. |
| Full Text | A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR CONNECTING A CALL OVER TANDEM CONNECTIONS AND A METHOD THEREFOR FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the field of telecommunications call switching and transport and, more particularly, to a communication system and method for connecting a call over tandem connections. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Broadband systems provide telecommunications providers with many benefits, including greater bandwidth, more efficient use of bandwidth, and the ability to integrate voice, data, and video communications. These brbadband systems provide callers with increased capabilities at lower costs. Telecommunications systems often have a hierarchy of switching systems for connecting calls through local and long distance networks. Typically, a series of edge switching systems connect to a more core- type switching system. The edge switching systems connect calls to the core switching system, and the core switching system -1- connects calls to another edge switching system. These core-type switching systems are sometimes referred to as tandem switches. Figure 1 illustrates such a prior system which has two edge switches 102 and 104 and a tandem switch 106. It will be appreciated that the first edge switch 102 transmits the call to the tandem switch 106, and the tandem switch 106 transmits the call to the edge switch 104. Typically, tandem switching systems do not provide distributed call processing and call connecting functions. In these systems, the switching matrix is coresident with the call processing. Thus, a system is needed for providing distributed call processing. In addition, prior systems do not provide telephony call services. Moreover, a tandem-type switching system is needed for asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) call connection systems. Increased speed and efficiencies of cost and processing time can be realized by such a system. The present invention fulfills these needs. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention comprises a system for connecting a call having call signaling and user communications. The system comprises a signaling processor that receives and processes the call signaling to select an synchronous transfer mode (ATM) connection for the user communications. The signaling processor transmits a control message identifying the selected ATM connection. An asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) matrix receives the user communications over another ATM connection and receives the control message from the signaling processor. In response to the control 2 message, the ATM matrix connects the user communications over the selected ATM connection. The present invention also comprises a system for connecting a call having call signaling and user communications. The system comprises a first switching system that transports the user communications over a first connection. A signaling processor receives and processes the caJI signaling to select a second connection for the user communications. The signaling processor transmits a control message identifying the selected second connection. An asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) matrix receives the user communications that were transported over the first connection and receives the control message from the signaling processor. In response to the control message, the ATM matrix connects the user communications over the selected second connection A second switching system receives the user communications that were transported over the second connection. The present invention also is directed to a system for connecting a call having call signaling and user communications. The system comprises a signaling processor that receives and processes; the call signaling to select a first, second, and third connection for the user communications. The signaling processor transmits a first, second, and third control message identifying the selected first, second, and third connections, respectively. A first interworking unit receives the user communications, receives the first control message, and, in response toe:the first control message, interworks the user communications over the first connection. An asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) matrix receives the user communications that were transported over the first connection, receives the second control message, and, in response to the second control 3 message, connects the user communications over the selected second connection. A second interworking unit receives the user communications that were connected over the second connection, receives the third control message, and, in response to the third control message, interworks the user communications over the third connection. Further, the present invention is directed to a method for connecting a call having call signaling and user communications. The method comprises receiving and processing the call signaling to select an ATM connection for the user communications. A control message identifying the selected ATM connection is transmitted. The user communications, are received over another ATM connection at an asynchronous transfer mode matrix, and the control message is received at the asynchronous transfer mode matrix. The user communications are connected over the selected ATM connection in response to the control message using the ATM matrix. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a block diagram of a prior tandem system. Figure 2 is a block diagram of a call connection system having a tandem system with an asynchronous transfer mode matrix in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is a block diagram of another call connection system having a tandem system with an interworking unit, and a controllable asynchronous transfer mode matrix in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 is a functional diagram of a controllable asynchronous transfer mode matrix in accordance with the present invention. ' Figure 5 is a functional diagram of a controllable asynchronous transfer 4 mode matrix with time division multiplex capability in accordance with the present invention. Figure 6 is a functional diagram of an asynchronous transfer mode interworking unit for use with a synchronous optical network system in accordance with the present invention. Figure 7 is a functional diagram of an asynchronous transfer mode interworking unit for use with a synchronous digital hierarchy system in accordance with the present invention. Figure 8 is a block diagram of a signaling processor constructed in accordance with the present system. Figure 9 is a block diagram of a data structure having tables that are used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 10 is a block diagram of additional tables that are used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 11 is a block diagram of additional tables that are used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 12 is a block diagram of additional tables that are used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 13 is a table diagram of a time division multiplex trunk circuit table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 14 is a table diagram of an asynchronous transfer mode trunk circuit table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 15A is a table diagram of a trunk group table used in the signaling 5 processor of Figure 8. Figure I5B is a continuation table diagram of the trunk group table of Figure ISA. Figure 15C is a continuation table diagram of the trunk group table of Figure 15B. Figure 16 is a table diagram of a carrier table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 17 is a table diagram of an exception table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 18 is a table diagram of an originating line information table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 19 is a table diagram of an automated number identification table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 20 is a table diagram of a called number screening table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 21 is a table diagram of a called number table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 22 is a table diagram of a day of year table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 23 is a table diagram of a day of week table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 24 is a table diagram of a time of day table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. 6 Figure 25 is a table diagram of a time zone table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 26 is a table diagram of a routing table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 27 is a table diagram of a trunk group class of service table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 28 is a table diagram of a treatment table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 29 is a table diagram of an outgoing release table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 30 is a table diagram of a percent control table used in the signaJing processor of Figure 8. Figure 31 is a table diagram of a call rate table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 32 is a table diagram of a database services table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 33A is a table diagram of a signaling connection control part tabld used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 33B is a continuation table diagram of the signaling connection control part table of Figure 33 A. Figure 33C is a continuation table diagram of the signaling connection control part table of Figure 33B. Figure 33D is a continuation table diagram/of the signaling connection 7 control part table of Figure 33C Figure 34 is a table diagram of an intermediate signaling network identification table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 35 is a table diagram of a transaction capabilities application part table used in the signaling processor of Figure 9. Figure 36 is a table diagram of a external echo canceller table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 37 is a table diagram of an interworking unit used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 38 is a table diagram of a controllable asynchronous transfer mode matrix interface table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 39 is a table diagram of a controllable asynchronous transfer mode matrix table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 40A is a table diagram of a site office table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. Figure 40B is a continuation table diagram of the site office table of Figure;. 40A. Figure 40C is a continuation table diagram of the site office table of Figure 40B. Figure 40D is a continuation table diagram of the site office table of Figure 40C Figure 4IA is a table diagram of an advanced intelligent network event parameters table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. 8 Figure 41B is a continuation table diagram of the advanced intelligent network event parameters table of Figure 41 A. Figure 42 is a table diagram of a message mapping table used in the signaling processor of Figure 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Telecommunication systems have a number of communication devices in local exchange and interexchange environments that interact to provide call services to customers. Both traditional and intelligent network (IN) services and resources are used to process, route, or connect a call to a designated connection. A call has user communications and call signaling. The user communications contain the caller's information, such as a voice communication or data communication, and they are transported over a connection. Call signaling contains information that facilitates call processing, and it is communicated over a link. Call signaling, for example, contains information describing the called number and the calling number. Examples of call signaling are standardized signaling, such as signaling system #7 (SS7), C7, integrated services digital network (ISDN), and digital private network signaling system (DPNSS), which are based on ITU recommendation Q.931. A call can . be connected to and from communication devices. Connections are used to transport user communications and other device information between communication devices and between the elements and devices of the system. The term "connection" as used herein means the transmission media used to carry user communications between elements of the various telecommunications networks and systems. For example, a connection could carry a user's voice, computer 9 data, or other communication device data. A connection can be associated with either in-band communications or out-of-band communications. Links are used to transport call signaling and control messages. The term "link" as used herein means a transmission media used to carry call signaling and control messages. For example, a Jink would carry call signaling or a device control message containing device instructions and data, A link can carry, for example, out-of-band signaling such as that used in 5S7, C7, ISDN, DPNSS, B-BDN, GR-3G3, or could be via local area network (LAN), or data bus call signaling. A link cart be, for example, an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) adaptation layer 5 (AAL5) data link, user datagram protocol/internet protocol (UDP/EP), ethemet, digital signal level zero (DSO), or digital signal level one (DSD- lit addition, a link, as shown in the figures, can represent a single physical Jink or muiiiple links, such as one link or a combination of finks of ISDN, SS7» transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IPX or some other data link. The terra "control message" as used herein means a control or signaling message, a coniroi or signaling instruction, or a control or signaling signal, whether proprietary or standardized, that conveys information from one point to another. The system of the present invention provides distributed call processing and connection functionalities. The present invention includes a system and method for implementing the tandem-type switching system with a switching matrix that can be nonresident from the call processing portion. In addition, the present invention includes a system for providing a tandem switching system for an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network. 10 Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a call connection system 202 of the present invention. The call connection system 202 has a tandem system 204 connected to a first switching system 206 and a second switching system 208 through connections 210 and 212, respectively. A connection 214 connects the switching systems 206 and 208. Connections 216 and 218 connect to the first switching system 206, and connections 220 and 222 connect to the second switching system 208. The tandem system. 204 connects calls between the switching systems 206 and 208 and with other communications devices (not shown). The tandem system 204 switches calls at the ATM layer. In addition, time division multiplex (TDM) based calls can be connected by the tandem system 204. The tandem system 204 provides real time call control for telephony services on a switching platform. In addition, the tandem system 204 provides overflow routing so that it handles calls from other switching systems and devices which have an actual or potential degradation of quality of service (QoS). Moreover, in addition to providing basic tandem routing functions, the tandem system 204 provides survivability for networks so that alternate routes between the switching systems 206 and 208 and between other system devices (not shown) are,available. The switching systems 206 and 208 connect calls to and from the tandem system 204 and to and from each other. The switching systems 206 and 208 comprise a tandem system, such as the tandem system 204 or the tandem system to be described below, customer premises equipment (CPE), an ATM switch, a TDM switch, a remote digital terminal, a cross connect, an interworking unit, an ATM gateway, or any other devicexapable of handling a call. CPE can be, for example, a computer,a private branch 11 exchange, or other communication device. An ATM gateway is a device that changes ATM cell header virtual path/virtual channel (VP/VC) identifiers. In one embodiment, the tandem system 204 comprises a signaling processor 224 and an ATM matrix 226 linked by a link 228. A first link 230 and a second link 232 extend from the signaling processor 224. The signaling processor 224 is a signaling platform that can receive, process, and generate call signaling. Based on the processed call signaling, the signaling processor 224 selects processing options, services, or resources for the user communications and generates and transmits control messages that identify the communication device, processing option, service, or resource that is to be used. The signaling processor 224 also selects virtual connections and circuit-based connections for call routing and generates and transports control messages that identify the selected connections. The signaling processor 224 can process various forms of signaling, including ISDN, GR-303, B-ISDN, SS7, and C7. The ATM matrix 226 is a controllable ATM matrix that establishes connections in response to control messages received from the signaling processor 224. The ATM matrix 226 is able to interwork between ATM connections and time division multiplex (TDM) connections. The ATM matrix 226 also cross connects ATM connections with other ATM connections. In addition, the ATM matrix 226 can switch calls from TDM connections to other TDM connections. The ATM matrix 226 transmits and receives call signaling and user communications over the connections. Typically, the ATM matrix 226 transmits call signaling to and from the signaling processor 224. 12 The system of Figure 2 operates as follows. In a first example, a call is handled by the first switching system 206. In this example, the first switching system 206 is a local exchange carrier (LEC) switch. The user communications are transported from the first switching system 206 to the ATM matrix over the connection 210, Call signaling is received by the signaling processor 224 over the link 230. The signaling processor 224 processes the call signaling to determine a connection for the call. The signaling processor 224 selects the connection 212 for the call and transmits a control message to the ATM matrix 226 identifying the selected connection. The signaling processor 224 also transmits new call signaling over the link 232. The ATM matrix 226 receives the user communications over the connection 210 and receives the control message over the link 228. In response to the control message, the ATM matrix 226 connects the user communications to the selected connection 212, and the call is received by the second switching system 208. In this example, the connection 212 is an ATM connection. In another example, the first switching system 206 is a tandem system of the present invention, such as the tandem system 204 or- the tandem system to be described below, and the second switching system 208. is another type of switch. In this example, the connection 214 would be the preferable connection from the first switching system 206 to the second switching system 208. However, the connection 214 is not available. As a survivability measure, the call is alternately routed through the tandem system 204. 13 The first switching system 206 transports user communications to the ATM matrix 226 over the connection 210. In this example, the connection 210 is an ATM connection. The call signaling is transmitted from the first switching system 206 to the signaling processor 224 through a link (not shown). The signaling processor 224 processes the call signaling to determine a connection for the call. The signaling processor 224 selects the connection 212 for the call and transmits a control message to the ATM matrix 226 identifying the selected connection. In addition, the signaling processor 224 transmits new call signaling to the second switching system 208 over a link (not shown) identifying the connection 212 over which the user communications will be transported. The ATM matrix 226 receives the user communications over the connection 210 and receives the control message over the link 228. In response to the control message, the ATM matrix 226 connects the call to the selected connection 212. The second switching system 208 receives the user communications over the connection 212 and the call signaling over a link (not shown). In this example, the connection 212 is an ATM connection. In another example, the first and second switching systems 206 and 208 are tandem systems of the present invention, such as the tandem system 204 or the tandem system to be described below. In this example, the connection 210 is an ATM connection. Also, in this example, the connection 214 would be the preferable connection from the switching system 206 to the second switching system 208. However, the connection 214 is not available due to high traffic usage and degradation of QoS. As a call control measure, the call is routed through the tandem system 204. 14 The switching system 206 transports the user communications to the ATM matrix 226 over a VP/VC on the connection 210 to the ATM matrix 226. The first switching system 206 transmits the call signaling over another VP/VC on the connection 210 to the ATM matrix 226. The ATM matrix 226 then transmits the call signaling to the signaling processor 224 over the link 228. The signaling processor 224 processes the call signaling to determine a connection for the call. The signaling processor 224 selects the connection 212 for the call. The signaling processor 224 transmits call signaling to the ATM matrix 226 and transmits a control message to the ATM matrix 226 identifying the selected connection for the user communications and, in some instances, a connection for the call signaling. The ATM matrix 226 receives the user communications over the connection 210 and receives the control message and the call signaling over the link 228. In response to the control message, the ATM matrix 226 connects the user communications to the selected VP/VC on the connection 212 and transmits the call signaling on another VP/VC on the connection 212. In this example, the connection 212 is an ATM connection. The second switching system 208 receives the call signaling and the user communications over the respective VP/VCs on the connection 212. Figure 3 illustrates another embodiment of a call connection system 202A with a tandem system 204A of the present invention. The tandem system 204A comprises a signaling processor 224A, an ATM matrix 226A, a first interworking unit 302, and a second interworking unit 304. The signaling processor 224A and the ATM matrix 226A are the same as those elements described above. 15 The ATM matrix is connected to the first interworking unit 302 by a connection 306 and to the second interworking unit 304 by a connection 308. Two connections 310 and 312 extend from the ATM matrix 226A. A connection 314 connects the first interworking unit 302 wilh the second interworking unit 304. A connection 316 i connects to the first interworking unit 302, and a connection 318 connects to the second interworking unit 304. The interworking units 302 and 304 interwork traffic between various protocols. Preferably, the interworking units 302 and 304 interwork between ATM traffic and non-ATM traffic. The interworking units 302 and 304 operate in accordance with control messages received from the call processor 224A. These control messages typically are provided on a call-by-call basis and typically identify an assignment between a DS0 and a VP/VC for which user communications are interworked. In some instances, the interworking units 302 and 304 may transport control messages which may include data to the call processor 224A. The system of Figure 3 operates as follows. In a first example, the signaling processor 224A receives call signaling, and the first interworking unit 302 receives the user communications over the connection 316. The signaling processor 224A processes the call signaling to determine connections for the call. In this example, the connection 314 is the preferred connection for-the call, but it is not available. The signaling processor 224A selects the connections 306, 308, and 318 for the call. The signaling processor 224A transmits a control message to each of the first interworking unit 302, the ATM matrix 226A, and the second 16 interworking unit 304 identifying the respective connections 306, 308, and 318 for the call. The first interworking unit 302 receives the user communications and the control message. In response to the control message, the first interworking unit 302 interworks the user communications to the selected connection 306. Preferably, the first intenvorking unit 302 interworks the user communications from TDM to ATM. The ATM matrix 226A receives the user communications and the control message. In response to the control message, the ATM matrix 226A connects the user communications from the connection 306 to the selected connection 308. The second intenvorking unit 304 receives the user communications and the control message. In response to the control message, the second interworking unit 304 intcrworks the user communications from the connection 308 to the selected connection 318. Preferably, the second interworking unit 304 interworks the user communications from ATM to TDM. In another example, the signaling processor 224A receives call signaling The signaling processor 224A processes the caJI signaling to determine connections for the call. The signaling processor 224A selects the connections 306 and 312 for the call The signaling processor 224A transmits a control message to each of the first interworking unit 302 and the ATM matrix 226A identifying the respective connections 306 and 312 for the call. The first interworking unit 302 receives user communications for the call over the connection 316 and the control message from the signaling processor 224A. In 17 response to the control message, the first interworking unit 302 interworks the user communications to the selected connection 306. The ATM matrix 226A receives the user communications and the control message. In response to the control message, the ATM matrix 226A connects the user communications from the connection 306 to the selected connection 312. In a third example, the signaling processor 224A receives call signaling and processes the call signaling to determine connections for the call. The signaling processor 224A selects the connections 314 and 318 for the call. The signaling processor 224A transmits a control message to each of the first interworking unit 302 and the second interworking unit 304 identifying the respective connections 314 and 318 for the call. The first interworking unit 302 receives user communications for the call over the connection 316 and the control message from the signaling processor 224A. In response to the control message, the first interworking unit 302 interworks the user communications to the selected connection 314. The second interworking unit 304 receives the user communications and the control message. In response to the control message, the second interworking unit 304! interworks the user communications from the connection 314 to the selected connection 318. In a fourth example, the signaling processor 224A receives and processes call signaling for a call to determine connections for the call. The signaling processor 224A selects the connection 312 for the call. The signaling processor 224A transmits a control message to the ATM matrix 226A identifying the connection 312 for the call. 18 The ATM matrix 226A receives the user communications over the connection 310 and the control message from the signaling processor 224A. In response to the control message, the ATM matrix 226A connects the user communications from the connection 310 to the selected connection 312. It will be appreciated that cails may be connected in the opposite direction as that described above. In addition, one, multiple, or all of the elements of the call connection systems described above may be used to connect calls. Moreover, the above examples are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and any of the methods described above may be used with any of the other methods described above. THE CONTROLLABLE ATM MATRIX Figure 4 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a controllable asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) matrix (CAM), but other CAMs that support the requirements of the invention also are applicable. The CAM 402 may receive and transmit ATM formatted user communications or call signaling. The CAM 402 preferably has a control interface 404, a controllable ATM matrix 406, an optical carrier-M/synchronous transport signal-M (OC-M/STS-M) interface 408, and an OC-X/STS-X interface 410. As used herein in conjunction with OC or STS, "M" refers to an integer, and "X" refers to an integer. The control interface 404 receives control messages originating from the signaling processor 412, identifies virtual connection assignments in the control messages, and provides these assignments to the matrix 406 for implementation. The control messages may be received over an ATM virtual connection and through either the OC-M/STS-M interface 408 or the OC-X/STS-X interface 410 through the matrix 406 to 19 the control interface 404, through either the OC-M/STS-M interface or the OC-X/STS-X interface directly to the control interface, or through the control interface from a link. The matrix 406 is a controllable ATM matrix that provides cross connect functionality in response to control messages from the signaling processor 412. The matrix 406 has access to virtual path/virtual channels (VP/VCs) over which it can connect calls. For example, a call can come in over a VP/VC through the OC-M/STS-M interface 408 and be connected through the matrix 406 over a VP/VC through the OC-X/STS-X interface 410 in response to a control message received by the signaling processor 412 through the control interface 404. Alternately, a call can be connected in the opposite direction. In addition, the a call can be received over a VP/VC through the OC-M/STS-M interface 408 or the OC-X/STS-X interface 410 and be connected through the matrix 406 to a different VP/VC on the same OC-M/STS-M interface or the same OC-X/STS-X interface. The OC-M/STS-M interface 408 is operational to receive ATM cells from the matrix 406 and to transmit the ATM cells over a connection to the communication device 414. The OC-M/STS-M interface 408 also may receive ATM cells in the OC or STS format and transmit them to the matrix 406. The OC-X/STS-X interface 410 is operational to receive ATM cells from the matrix 406 and to transmit the ATM cells over a connection to the communication device 416. The OC-X/STS-X interface 410 also may receive ATM cells in the OC or STS format and transmit them to the matrix 406. Call signaling may be received through and transferred from the OC-M/STS-M interface 408. Also, call signaling may be received through and transferred 20 from the OC-X/STS-X interface 410. The call signaling may be connected on a connection or transmitted to the control interface directly or via the matrix 406. The signaling processor 412 is configured to send control messages to the CAM 402 to implement particular features on particular VP/VC circuits. Alternatively, lookup tables may be used to implement particular features for particular Vp/VCs. Figure 5 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a CAM which has time division multiplex (TDM) capability, but other CAMs that support the requirements of the invention also are applicable. The CAM 502 may receive and transmit in-band and out-of-band signaled calls. The CAM 502 preferably has a control interface 504, an OC-N/STS-N interface 506, a digital signal level 3 (DS3) interface 508, a DSI interface 510, a DS0 interface 512, an ATM adaptation layer (AAL) 514, a controllable ATM matrix 516, an OC-M/STS-M interface 518A, an OC-X/STS-X interface 518B, and an ISDN/GR-303 interface 520. As used herein in conjunction with OC or STS, "N" refers to an integer, "M" refers to an integer, and "X" refers to an integer. The control interface 504 receives control messages originating from the signaling processor 522, identifies DS0 and virtual connection assignments in the control messages, and provides these assignments to the AAL 514 or the matrix 516 for implementation. The control messages may be received over an ATM virtual connection and through the OC-M/STS-M interface 5I8A to the control interface 504, through the OC-X/STS-X interface 518B and the matrix 516 to the control interface, or directly through the control interface from a link. 21 The OC-N/STS-N interface 506. the DS3 interface 508. the DS1 interface 510, the DSO interface 512, and the ISDN/GR-303 interface 520 each can receive user comn unications from a communication device 524. Likewise, the OC-M/STS-M interface 518A and the OC-X/STS-X interface 5I8B can receive user communications from the communication devices 526 and 528. The OC-N/STS-N interface 506 receives OC-N formatted user communications and STS-N formatted user communications and converts the user communications to the DS3 format. The DS3 interface 508 receives user communications in the DS3 format and converts the user communications to the DS1 format. The DS3 interface 508 can receive DS3s from the OC-N/STS-N interface 506 or from an external connection. The DS1 interface 510 receives the user communications in the DS1 format and converts the user communications to the DSO format. The DS1 interface 510 receives DSls from the DS3 interface 508 or from an external connection. The DSO interface 512 receives user communications in the DSO format and provides an interface to the AAL 514. The ISDN/GR-303 interface 520 receives user communications in either the ISDN format or the GR-303 format and converts the user communications to the DSO format. In addition, each interface may transmit user communications in like manner-to the communication device 524. The OC-M/STS-M interface 518A is operational to receive ATM cells from the AAL 514 or from the matrix 516 and to transmit the ATM cells over a connection to the communication device 526. The OC-M/STS-M interface 518A also may receive ATM cells in the OC or STS format and transmit them to the AAL 514 or to the matrix 516 22 The OC-X/STS-X interface 518B is operational to receive ATM cells from the AAL 514 or from the matrix 516 and to transmit the ATM cells over a connection to the communication device 528. The OC-X/STS-X interface 518B aJso may receive ATM cells in the OC or STS format and transmit them to the AAL 514 or to the matrix 516. CaJI signaling may be received through and transferred from the OC-N/STS-N interface 506 and the ISDN/GR-303 interface 520. Also, call signaling may be received through and transferred from the OC-M/STS-M interface 518A and the OC-X/STS-X interface 5I8B. The call signaling may be connected on a connection or transmitted to the control interface directly or via an interface as explained above. The AAL 514 comprises both a convergence sublayer and a segmentation and reassembly (SAR) sublayer. The AAL 514 obtains the identity of the DSO and the ATM VP/VC from the control interface 504. The AAL 514 is operational to convert between the DSO format and the ATM format. AALs are known in the artT and information about AALs is provided by International Telecommunications Union (ITU) documents in the series of 1.363, which are incorporated herein by reference. For example, ITU document 1.363.1 discusses AAL1. An AAL for voice calls is described in U.S. Patent Number 5,806,553 entitled "Cell Processing for Voice Transmission," which is incorporated herein by reference. Calls with multiple 64 Kilo-bits per second (Kbps) DSOs are known as Nx64 calls. If desired, the AAL 514 can be configured to accept control messages through the control interface 504 for Nx64 calls. The CAM 502 is able to interwork, multiplex, and demultiplex for multiple DSOs. A technique for processing VP/VCs is disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Number 08/653,852, which was filed on May 28, 1996, and 23 entitled "Telecommunications System with a Connection Processing System," and which is incorporated herein by reference. DSO connections are bi-directional and ATM connections are typically uni-directional. As a result, two virtual connections in opposing directions typically will be required for each DSO. Those skilled in the art will appreciate how this can be accomplished in the context of the invention. For example, the cross-connect can be provisioned with a second set of VP/VCs in the opposite direction as the original set of VP/VCs. The matrix 516 is a controllable ATM matrix that provides cross connect functionality in response to control messages from the signaling processor 522. The matrix 516 has access to VP/VCs over which it can connect calls. For example, a call can come in over a VP/VC through the OC-M/STS-M interface 5I8A and be connected through the matrix 516 over a VP/VC through the OC-X/STS-X interface 518B in response to a control message received by the signaling processor 522 through the control interface 504. Alternately, the matrix 516 may transmit a call received over a VP/VC through the OC-M/STS-M interface 5I8A to the AAL 514 in response to a control message received by the signaling processor 522 through the control interface 504. Communications also may occur in opposite directions through the various interfaces. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to incorporate digital signal processing capabilities ,at, for example, the DSO level. It also may be desired to apply: echo control to selected DSO circuits. In these embodiments, a signal processor may be included. The signaling processor 522 is configured to send control messages to the CAM 502 to implement particular features on particular DSO or VP/VC circuits. Alternatively, 24 It will be appreciated from the teachings above for the CAMs and for the teachings below for the ATM interworking units, that the above described CAMs can be adapted for modification to transmit and receive other formatted communications such as synchronous transport module (STM) and European level (E) communications. For example, the OC/STS, DS3, DS1, DSO, and ISDN/GR-303 interfaces can be replaced by STM electrical/optical (E/O), E3, El, EO, and digital private network signaling system (DPNSS) interfaces, respectively. THE ATM INTERWORKING UNIT Figure 6 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an interworking unit which is an ATM interworking unit 602 suitable for the present invention for use with a SONET system. Other interworking units that support the requirements of the invention also are applicable. The ATM interworking unit 602 may receive and transmit in-band and out-of-band calls. The ATM interworking unit 602 preferably has a control interface 604, an OC-N/STS-N interface 606, a DS3 interface 608, a DSl interface 610, a DSO interface 612, a signal processor 614, an AAL 616, an OC-M/STS-M interface 618, and an ISDN/GR-303 interface 620. As used herein in conjunction with OC or STS, "N" refers to anjnteger, and "M" refers to an integer. The control interface 604 receives control messages originating from the signaling processor 622, identifies DSO and virtual connection assignments in the control messages, and provides these assignments to the AAL 616 for implementation. The 25 control messages are received over an ATM virtual connection and through the OC-M/STS-M interface 618 to the control interface 604 or directly through the control interface from a link. The OC-N/STS-N interface 606, the DS3 interface 608, the DSI interface 610, the DS0 interface 612, and the ISDN/GR-303 Interface 620 each can receive user communications from a communication device 624. Likewise, the OC-M/STS-M interface 618 can receive user communications from a communication device 626. The OC-N/STS-N interface 606 receives OC-N formatted user communications and STS-N formatted user communications and demultiplexes the user communications to the DS3 format. The DS3 interface 608 receives user communications in the DS3 format and demultiplexes the user communications to the DSI format. The DS3 interface 608 can receive DS3s from the OC-N/STS-N interface 606 or from an external connection, The DS1 interface 610 receives the user communications in the DSI format and demultiplexes the user communications to the DSO format. The DS1 interface 610 receives DSls from the DS3 interface 608 or from an external connection. The DSO interface 612 receives user communications in the DSO format and provides an interface to the AAL616. The ISDN/GR-303 interface 620 receives user communications in either the ISDN format or the GR-303 format and converts the user communications to the DSO format In addition, each interface may transmit user communications in like manner to the communication device 624. The OC-M/STS-M interface 618 is operational to receive ATM cells from the AAL 616 and to transmit the ATM cells over the connection to the communication 26 device 626. The OC-M/STS-M interface 618 also may receive ATM cells in the OC or STS format and transmit them to the AAL616. Call signaling may be received through and transferred from the OC-N/STS-N interface 606 and the ISDN/GR-303 interface 620. Also, call signaling may be received through and transferred from the OC-M/STS-M interface 618. The call signaling may be connected on a connection or transmitted to the control interface directly or via another interface as explained above. The AAL 616 comprises both a convergence sublayer and a segmentation and reassembly (SAR) sublayer. The AAL 616 obtains the identity of the DSO and the ATM VP/VC from the control interface 604. The AAL 616 is operational to convert between the DSO format and the ATM format. If desired, the AAL 616 can be configured to accept control messages through the control interface 604 for Nx64 calls. The ATM interworking unit 602 is able to interwork, multiplex, and demultiplex for multiple DSOs. DSO connections are bi-directional and ATM connections are typically uni-directional. As a result, two virtual connections in opposing directions typically will be required for each DSO. Those skilled in the art will appreciate how this can be accomplished in the context of the invention. For example, the cross-connect can be provisioned with a second set of VP/VCs in the opposite direction as the original set of VP/VCs. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to incorporate digital signal processing capabilities at the DSO level. It may also be desired to apply echo control to selected DSO circuits. In these embodiments, a signal processor 614 is included either 27 separately (as shown) or as a pan of the DSO interface 612. The signaling processor 622 is configured to send control messages to the ATM interworking unit 602 to implement particular features on particular DSO circuits. Alternatively, lookup tables may be used to implement particular features for particular circuits or VP/VCs. Figure 7 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of an interworking unit which is an ATM interworking unit 702 suitable for the present invention for use with an SDH system. The ATM interworking unit 702 preferably has a control interface 704, an STM-N electrical/optical (E/O) interface 706, an E3 interface 708, an El interface 710, an E0 interface 712, a signal processor 714, an AAL 716, an STM-M electrical/optical (E/O) interface 718, and a DPNSS interface 720. As used herein in conjunction with STM, "N" refers to an integer, and "M" refers to an integer. The control interface 704 receives control messages from the signaling processor 722, identifies E0 and virtual connection assignments in the control messages, and provides these assignments to the AAL 716 for implementation. The control messages are received over an ATM virtual connection and through the STM-M interface 718 to the control interface 604 or directly through the control interface from a link. The STM-N E/O interface 706, the E3 interface 708, the El interface 710, the E0 interface 1 12, and the DPNSS interface 720 each can receive user communications from a second communication device 724. Likewise, the STM-M E/O interface 718 can receive user communications from a third communication device 726. The STM-N E/O interface 706 receives STM-N electrical or optical formatted user communications and converts the user communications from the STM-N electrical or STM-N optical format to the E3 format. The E3 interface 708 receives user 28 communications in the E3 format and demultiplexes the user communications to the El format. The E3 interface 708 can receive E3s from the STM-N E/O interface 706 or from an external connection. The El interface 710 receives the user communications in the El format and demultiplexes the user communications to the EO format. The El interface 710 receives Els from the STM-N E/O interface 706 or the E3 interface 708 or from an external connection. The EO interface 712 receives user communications in the EO format and provides an interface to the AAL 716. The DPNSS interface 720 receives user communications in the DPNSS format and converts the user communications to the EO format. In addition, each interface may transmit user communications in a like manner to the communication device 724. The STM-M E/O interface 718 is operational to receive ATM cells from the AAL 716 and to transmit the ATM cells over the connection to the communication device 726. The STM-M E/O interface 718 may also receive ATM cells in the STM-M E/O format and transmit them to the AAL 716. Call signaling may be received through and transferred from the STM-N E/O interface 706 and the DPNSS interface 720. Also, call signaling may be received through and transferred from the STM-M E/O interfacgV718. The call signaling may be connected on a connection or transmitted to the control interface directly or via another interface as explained above. The AAL 716 comprises both a convergence sublayer and a segmentation and reassembly (SAR) sublayer. The AAL obtains the identity of the EO and thS ATM VP/VC from the control interface 704. The AAL 716 is operational to convert between the E0 format and the ATM format, either in response to a control instruction or without a 29 control instruction. AAL's are known in the an. If desired, the AAL 716 can be configured to receive control messages through the control interface 704 for Nx64 user communications. E0 connections are bi-directional and ATM connections typically are unidirectional. As a result, two virtual connections in opposing directions typically will be required for each EO. Those skilled in the ait will appreciate how this can be accomplished in the context of the invention. In some instances, it may be desirable to incorporate digital signal processing capabilities at the EO level. Also, it may be desirable to apply echo control. In these embodiments, a signal processor 714 is included either separately (as shown) or as a part of the EO. interface 712. The signaling processor 722 is configured to send control messages to the ATM interworking unit 702 to implement particular features on particular circuits. Alternatively, lookup tables may be used to implement particular features for particular circuits or VP/VCs. THE SIGNALING PROCESSOR The signaling processor receives and processes telecommunications call signaling, control messages, and customer data to select connections that establish communication paths for calls. In the preferred embodiment, the signaling processor processes SS7 signaling to select connections for a call. An example of call processing in a call processor and the associated maintenance that is performed for call processing is described in a U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 09/026,766 entitled "System and Method for Treating a Call for Call Processing," which is incorporated herein by reference. 30 In addition to selecting connections, the signaling processor performs many other functions in the context of call processing. It not only can control routing and select the actual connections, but it also can validate callers, control echo cancellers, generate accounting information, invoke intelligent network functions, access remote databases, manage traffic, and balance network loads. One skilled in the art will appreciate how the signaling processor described below can be adapted to operate in the above embodiments. Figure 8 depicts an embodiment of a signaling processor. Other versions also are contemplated. In the embodiment of Figure 8, the signaling processor 802 has a signaling interface 804, a call processing control system 806 (CPCS), and a call processor 808. It will be appreciated that the signaling processor 802 may be constructed as modules in a single unit or as multiple units. The signaling interface 804 is coupled externally to signaling systems -preferably to signaling systems having a message transfer part (MTP), an ISDN user part (ISUP), a signaling connection control part (SCCP), an intelligent network application part (INAP), and a transaction capabilities application part (TCAP). The signaling interface 804 preferably is a platform that comprises an MTP level 1 810, an MTP level 2 812, an MTP level 3 814, an SCCP process 816, an ISUP process 818, and a TCAP process 820. The signaling interface 804 also has INAP functionality. The signaling interface 804 may be linked to a communication device (not shown). For example, the communication device may be an SCP which is queried by the signaling interface with a TCAP query to obtain additional call-associated data. The 31 answer message may have additional information parameters that are required to complete call processing. The communication device also may be an STP or other device. The signaling interface 804 is operational to transmit, process, and receive call signaling. The TCAP, SCCP, ISUP, and INAP functionality use the services of the MTP to transmit and receive the messages. Preferably, the signaling interface 804 transmits and receives SS7 messages for MTP, TCAP, SCCP, and ISUP. Together, this functionality is referred to as an "SS7 stack," and it is well known. The software required by one skilled in the art to configure an SS7 stack is commercially available. One example is the OMNI SS7 stack from Dale, Gesek , McWilliams & Sheridan, Inc. (the DGM&S company). The processes of the signaling interface 804 process information that is received in message signal units (MSUs) and convert the information to call information elements that are sent to the call processor 808 to be processed. A call information element may be, for example, an ISUP IAM message parameter from the MSU. The signaling interface 804 strips the unneeded header information from the MSU to isolate the message information parameters and passes the parameters to the call processor 808 as the call information eIements.\Examples of these parameters are the called number, the calling number, and user service information. Other examples of messages with information elements are an ANM, an ACM, an REL, an RLC, and an INF. bi addition, call information elements are transferred from the call processor 808 back to the signaling interface 804, and the information elements are reassembled into MSUs and transferred to a signaling point. 32 The CPCS 806 is a management and administration system. The CPCS 806 is the user interface and external systems interface into the call processor 808. The CPCS 806 serves as a collection point for call-associated data such as logs, operational measurement data, statistical information, accounting information, and other call data. The CPCS 806 can configure the call-associated data and/or transmit it to reporting centers. The CPCS 806 accepts data, such as the translations, from a source such as an operations system and updates the data in the tables in the call processor 808. The CPCS 806 ensures that this data is in the correct format prior to transferring the data to the call processor 808. The CPCS 806 also provides configuration data to other devices including the call processor 808, the signaling interface 804, the interworking unit (not shown), and the controllable ATM matrix (not shown). In addition, the CPCS 806 provides for remote control of call monitoring and call tapping applications from the call processor 808. The CPCS 806 also serves as a collection point for alarms. Alarm information is transferred to the CPCS 806. The CPCS 806 then transports alarm messages to the required communication device. For example, the CPCS 806 can transport alarms to an operations center. The CPCS 806 also has a human-machine interface (HMI). This allows a person to log onto the CPCS 806 and manage data tables or review data tables in the CPCS or provide maintenance services. The call processor 808 processes call signaling and controls an ATM interworking unit, such as an ATM interworking multiplexer (mux) that performs 33 interworking of DSOs and VP/VCs, and an ATM matrix. However, the call processor 808 may control other communications devices and connections in other embodiments. The call processor 808 comprises a control platform 822 and an application platform 824. Each platform 822 and 824 is coupled to the other platform. The control platform 822 is comprised of various external interfaces including an interworking unit interface, a controllable ATM matrix, an echo interface, a resource control interface, a call information interface, and an operations interface. The control platform 822 is externally coupled to an interworking unit control, a controllable ATM matrix control, an echo control, a resource control, accounting, and operations. The interworking unit interface exchanges messages with at least one interworking unit. These messages comprise DSO to VP/VC assignments, acknowledgments, and status information. The controllable ATM matrix interface exchanges messages with at least one controllable ATM matrix. These messages comprise DSO to VP/VC assignments, VP/VC to VP/VC assignments, acknowledgments, and status information. The echo control interface exchanges messages with echo control systems. Messages exchanged with echo control systems might include instructions to enable or disable echo cancellation on particular DSOs, acknowledgments, and status information. The resource control interface exchanges messages with external. resources. Examples of such resources are devices that implement continuity testing,. encryption, compression, tone detection/transmission, voice detection, and voice messaging. The messages exchanged with resources are instructions to apply the resource to particular. DSOs, acknowledgments, and status information. For example,-a message 34 may instruct a continuity testing resource to provide a loopback or to send and detect a tone for a continuity test. The call information interface transfers pertinent call information to a call information processing system, such as to the CPCS 806. Typical call information includes accounting information, such as the parties to-the call, time points for the call, and any special features applied to the call. One skilled in the art will appreciate how to produce the software for the interfaces in the control platform 822. The application platform 824 processes signaling information from the signaling interface 804 to select connections. The identity of the selected connections are provided to the control platform 822 for the interworking unit interface and/or for the controllable ATM matrix interface. The application platform 824 is responsible for validation, translation, routing, call control, exceptions, screening, and error handling. In addition to providing the control requirements for the interworking unit and the controllable ATM matrix, the application platform 824 also provides requirements for echo control and resource control to the appropriate interface of the control platform 822. In addition, the application platform 824 generates signaling information for transmission by the signaling interface 804. The signaling information might be for ISUP, INAP, or TCAP messages to.external network elements. Pertinent information for each call is stored in an enhanced circuit data block (ECDB) for the call. The ECDB can be used for tracking and accounting the call. The application platform 824 preferably operates in general accord with the Basic Call State Model (BCSM) defined by the ITU. An instance of the BCSM is created to handle each call. The BCSM includes an originating process and a terminating 35 process. The application platform 824 includes a service switching function (SSF) that is used to invoke the service control function (SCI7). Typically, the SCF is contained in an SCP. The SCF is queried with TCAP or INAP messages that are transported by the signaling interface 804 and which are initiated with information from the SSF in the application platform 824. The originating or terminating processes will access remote databases with intelligent network (IN) functionality via the SSF. Software requirements for the application platform 824 can be produced in specification and description language (SDL) defined in ITU-T Z.100 or similar logic or description languages. The SDL can be converted into C code. A real time case tool such as SDT from Telelogic, Inc. or Object Time from Object Time, Inc. can be used. Additional C and C++ code can be added as required to establish the environment. It will be appreciated that other software languages and tools may be used. The call processor 808 can be comprised of the above-described software loaded onto a computer. The computer can be a generally available fault-tolerant Unix computer, such as those provided by Sun, Tandem, or Hewlett Packard. It may be desirable to utilize the multi-threading capability of a Unix operating system. From Figure-8. it can be seen that the application platform 824 processes signaling information to control numerous systems and facilitate call connections and services. The SS7 signaling is exchanged between the call processor 808 and external components through the signaling interface 804, and control information is exchanged with external systems through the control platform 822. Advantageously, the signaling interface 804, the CPCS 806, and the call processor 808 are not integrated into a switch central processing unit (CPU) that is coupled to a switching matrix. Unlike an SCP, the 36 components of the signaling processor 802 are capable of processing ISUP messages independently of TCAP queries. SS? MESSAGE DESIGNATIONS SS7 messages are well known. Designations for various SS7 messages commonly are used. Those skilled in the art are familiar with the following message designations: ACM - Address Complete Message ANM - Answer Message BLO - Blocking BLA - Blocking Acknowledgment CPG - Call Progress CGB ~ Circuit Group Blocking CGBA -- Circuit Group Blocking Acknowledgment GRS - Circuit Group Reset GRA — Circuit Group Reset Acknowledgment CGU -- Circuit Group Unblocking CGUA -- Circuit Group Unblocking Acknowledgment COM ~ Circuit Group Query CQR -- Circuit Group Query Response CRM - Circuit Reservation Message CRA — Circuit Reservation Acknowledgment CVT -- Circuit Validation Test CVR - Circuit Validation Response 37 CFN - Confusion COT - Continuity CCR - Continuity Check Request EXM -- Exit Message INF -- Information INR -.- Information Request IAM -- Initial Address Message LPA — Loop Back Acknowledgment PAM ~ Pass Along Message REL -- Release RLC — Release Complete RSC -- Reset Circuit RES ~ Resume SUS -- Suspend UBL -- Unblocking UBA -- Unblocking Acknowledgment UCIC -- Unequipped Circuit Identification Code. CALL PROCESSOR TABLES 38 Call processing typically entails two aspects. First, an incoming-or "originating" connection is recognized by an originating call process. For example, the initial connection that a call uses to enter a network is the originating connection in that network. Second, an outgoing or "terminating" connection is selected by a terminating call process. For example, the terminating connection, is coupled to the originating connection in order to extend the call through the network. These two aspects of call processing are referred to as the originating side of the call and the terminating side of the call. Figure 9 depicts an exemplary data structure preferably used by the call processor 802 of Figure 8 to execute the BCSM. This is accomplished through a series of tables that point to one another in various ways. The pointers typically are comprised of next function and next label designations. The next function points to the next table, and the next label points to an entry or a range of entries in that table. It will be appreciated that the pointers for the main call processing are illustrated in Figure 9. The primary data structure has a TDM trunk circuit table 902, an ATM trunk circuit table 904, a trunk group table 906, a carrier table 908, an exception table 910, an originating line information (OLI) table 912, an automatic number identification (ANI) table 914, a called number screening table 916, a called number table 918/a routing table 920, a trunk group class of service (COS) table 922, and a message mapping table. 924. Also included in the data structure are a day of year table 926, a day of week table 928, a time of day table 930, and a time zone table 932. The TDM trunk circuit table 902 contains information required to provision the TDM side of a connection from the call processor site. Each circuit on the 39 TDM side of a connection has an entry. The TDM trunk circuit table 902 is accessed from the trunk group table 906 or an external call process, and it points to the trunk group table. The ATM trunk circuit table 904 contains information required to provision the ATM side of a connection. Typically, one record appears in this table per ATM trunk group. Although, the system can be configured alternately for multiple records per trunk group. The ATM trunk circuit table 904 is accessed from the trunk group table 906 or an external call process, and it points to the trunk group table. The trunk group table 906 contains information that is required to build trunk groups out of different trunk members identified in the TDM and ATM trunk circuit tables 902 and 904. The trunk group table 906 contains information related to the originating and terminating trunk groups. The trunk group table 906 typically points to the carrier table 908. Although, the trunk group table 906 may point to the exception table 910, the OU table 912, the ANI table 914, the called number screening table 916, the called number table 918, the routing table 920, the day of year table 926, the day of week table 928, the time of day table 930, and the treatment table (see Figure 10). For default processing of an IAM of an outgoing call in the forward direction, when the call process determines call setup and routing parameters for user communications on the originating portion, the trunk group table 906 is the next table after the TDM and ATM trunk circuit tables 902 and 904, and the trunk group table points to the carrier table 908. For default processing of-an IAM of an outgoing call in the forward direction, when the call process determines call setup and routing parameters for user communications on the terminating portion, the trunk group table 906 is the next 40 table after the routing table 920, and the trunk group table points to the TDM or ATM trunk circuit table 902 or 904. For default processing of an ACM or an ANM of an outgoing call in the originating direction, when the call process determines parameters for signaling, the trunk group table 906 is the next table after the TDM or ATM trunk circuit table 902 or 904, and the trunk group table points to the message mapping table 924. It will be appreciated that this is the default method, and, as explained herein, other implementations of table processing occur. The carrier table 908 contains information that allows calls to be screened based, at least in part, on the carrier information parameter and the carrier selection parameter. The carrier table 908 typically points to the exception table 910. Although, the carrier table 908 may point to the OLI table 912, the ANI table 914, the called number screening table 916, the called number table 918, the routing table 920, the day of year table 926, the day of week table 928, the time of day table 930, the treatment table (see Figure 10), and the database services table (see Figure 11). The exception table 910 is used to identify various exception conditions related to the call that may influence the routing or handling of the call. The exception table 910 contains information that allows cal&to be screened based, at least in part, on the called party number and the calling party's category. The exception table 910 typically points to the OLI table 912. Although, the exception table 910 can point to the ANI table 914^ihe called number screening table 916, the called number table 918, the routing table 920, the day of year table 926, the day of week table 928, the time of day table 930, the call rate table, the percent control table, the treatment table (see Figure 10), and the database services table (see Figure 11). 41 The OLI table 912 contains information that allows calls to be screened based, at least in part, on originating line information in an IAM. The OLI table 912 typically points to the ANI table 914. Although, the OLI table can point to the called number screening table 916, the called number table 918, the routing table 920, the day of year table 926, the day of week table 928, the time of day table 930, and the treatment table (see Figure 10). The ANI table 914 is used to identify any special characteristics related to the caller's number, which is commonly known as automatic number identification. The ANI table 914 is used to screen and validate an incoming ANI. ANI specific requirements such as queuing, echo cancellation, time zone, and treatments can be established. The ANI table 914 typically points to the called number screening table 916. Although, the ANI table 914 can point to the called number table 918, the routing table 920, the day of year table 926, the day of week table 928, the time of day table 930, and the treatment table (see Figure 10). The called number screening table 916 is used to screen called numbers. The called number screening table 916 determines the disposition of the called number and the nature of the called number. The called number screening table 916 is used to provide the trigger detection point (TDP) for an AIN SCP TCAP query. It is used, for example, with the local number portability (LNP) feature. The called number screening table can invoke a TCAP. The called number screening table 916 typically points to the called number table 918. Although, the called number screening table 916 can point to the routing table 920, the treatment table, the call rate table, the percent table (see Figure 10), and the database services table (see Figure 11). 42 The called number table 918 is used to identify routing requirements based on, for example, the called number. This will be the case for standard calls. The called number table 918 typically points to the routing table 910. In addition, the called number table 926 can be configured to alternately point to the day of year table 926. The called number table 918 can also point to the treatment table (see Figure 10) and the database services table (see Figure 1 1). The routing table 920 contains information relating to the routing of a call for various connections. The routing table 920 typically points to the treatment table (see Figure 10), Although, the routing table also can point to the trunk group table 906 and the database services table (see Figure II). For default processing of an IAM of an outgoing call in the forward direction, when the call process determines call setup and routing parameters for user communications, the routing table 920 is the next table after the called number table 918, and the routing table points to the trunk group table 906. For default processing of an IAM of an outgoing call in the forward direction, when the call process determines parameters for signaling, the routing table 920 is the next table after the called number table 918, and the routing table points to the message mapping table 924. It will be appreciated that this is the default method, and, as explained herein, other implementations of table processing occur. The trunk group COS table 922 contains information that allows calls to be routed differently based on the class of service assigned to the originating trunk group and to the terminating trunk group. The trunk group COS table can point to the routing table 920 or the treatment table (see Figure 10). 43 When (he trunk group COS table 922 is used in processing, after the routing table 920 and the trunk group table 906 are processed, the trunk group table points to the trunk group COS table. The trunk group COS table points back to the routing table 920 for further processing. Processing then continues with the routing table 920 which points to the trunk group table 906, and the trunk group table which points to the TDM or ATM trunk circuit table 902 or 904. It will be appreciated that this is the default method, and, as explained herein, other implementations of table processing occur. The message mapping table 924 is used to provide instructions for the formatting of signaling messages from the call processor. It typically can be accessed by the routing table 920 or the trunk group table 906 and typically determines the format of the outgoing messages leaving the call processor. The day of year table 926 contains information that allows calls to be routed differently based on the day of the year. The day of year table typically points to the routing table 920 and references the time zone table 932 for information. The day of year table 926 also can point to the called number screening table 916, the called number table 918, the routing table 920, the day of week table 928, the time of day table 930, and the treatment table (see Figure 10). The day of week table 928 contains information that allows calls to be routed differently based on the day of the week. The day of week table typicaJly points to the routing table 920 and references the time zone table 932 for information. The day of week table.928 also can point to the called number screening table 916, the called number table 918, the time of day table 930, and the treatment table (see Figure 10). 44 The time of day table 930 contains information that allows calls to be routed differently based on the time of me day. The time of day table 930 typically points to the routing table 920 and references the time zone table 932 for information. The time of day table 930 also can point to the called number screening table 916, the called number table 918, and the treatment table (see Figure 10). The time zone table 932 contains information that allows call processing to determine if the time associated with the call processing should be offset based on the time zone or daylight savings time. The time zone table 932 is referenced by, and provides information to, the day of year table 926, the day of week table 928, and the time of day table 930. Figure 10 is an overlay of Figure 9. The tables from Figure 9 are present. However, for clarity, the table's pointers have been omitted, and some tables have not been duplicated in Figure 10. Figure 10 illustrates additional tables that can be accessed from the tables of Figure 9. These include an outgoing release table 1002, a treatment table 1004, a call rate table 1006, and a percent control table 1008, and time/date tables 1010. The outgoing release table 1002 contains information that allows call processing to determine how an outgoing release message is to be formatted. The outgoing release table 1002 typically points to the treatment table 1006. The treatment table 1004 identifies various special' actions to be taken in the course of call processing. For example, based on the incoming trunk group or ANI, different treatments or cause codes are used to convey problems to the called and calling parties. This typically will result in the transmission of a release message (REL) and a 45 cause value. The treatment table 1004 typically points to the outgoing release table 1002 and the database services table (see Figure 11). The call rate table 1006 contains information that is used to control call attempts on an attempt per second basis. Preferably, attempts from 100 per second to I per minute are programmable. The call rate table 1006 typically points to the called number screening table 916, the called number table 918, the routing table 920, and the treatment table 1004. The percent control .table 1008 contains information that is used to control call attempts based upon a percent value of the traffic that is processed through call processing. The percent control table 1008 typically points to the called number screening table 916, the called number table 918, the routing table 920, and the treatment table 1004. The date/time tables 1010 have been identified in Figure 9 as the day of year table 926, the day of week table 928, the time of day table 926, and the time zone table 932. They are illustrated in Figure 10 as a single location for ease and clarity but need not be so located. Figure 11 is an overlay of Figures 9-10. The tables from Figures 9-10 are present. However, for clarity, the table's pointers have been omitted, and some tables have not been duplicated in Figure 11. Figure 11 illustrates additional tables that can be accessed from the tables of Figures 9-10 and which are directed to the TCAP and the SCCP message processes. These include a database services table 1102, a signaling connection control part (SCCP) table 1104, an intermediate signaling network identification (ISNI) table 1106, a 46 transaction capabilities application part (TCAP) table 1108, and an advanced intelligent network (AIN) event parameters table 1110. The database services table 1102 contains information about the type of database service requested by call processing. The database services table 1102 references and obtains information from the SCCP table 1104 and the TCAP table 1108. After the database function is performed, the call is returned to normal call processing. The database services table 1102 points to the called number table 918. The SCCP table 1104 contains information and parameters required to build an SCCP message. The SCCP table 1104 is referenced by the database services table 1102 and provides information to the database services table. The ISNI table 1106 contains network information that is used for routing SCCP message to a destination node. The ISNI table 1106 is referenced by the SCCP table 1104 and provides information to the SCCP table. The TCAP table 1108 contains information and parameters required to build a TCAP message. The TCAP table 1108 is referenced by the database services table 1102 and provides information to the database services table. The AIN event parameters table 1110 contains information and parameters that are included in the parameters portion of a TCAP event message. The AIN event parameters table 1110 is referenced by the TCAP table 1108 and provides information to the TCAP table. Figure 12 is an overlay of Figures 9-11. The tables from Figures 9-11 are present. However, for clarity, the tables have not been duplicated in Figure 12. Figure 12 illustrates additional tables that can be used to setup the cail process so that the tables of 47 Figures 9-11 may be used. These setup tables 1202 include a site office table 1204, an external echo canceller table 1206, an interworking unit (IWU) table 1208, a controllable ATM matri_x (CAM) interface table 1210, and a controllable ATM matrix (CAM) table 1212. ; The site office table 1204 contains information which lists office-wide parameters, some of which are information-based and others which affect call processing. The site office table 1204 provides information to the call processor or switch during initialization or other setup procedures, such as population of data or transfer of information to one or more memory locations for use during call processing, The external echo canceller 1206 contains information that provides the interface identifier and the echo canceller type when an external echo canceller is required. The external echo canceller table 1206 provides information to the call processor or switch during initialization or other setup procedures, such as population of data or transfer of information to one or more memory locations for use during call processing. The IWU table 1208 contains the internet protocol (IP) identification numbers for interfaces to the interworking units at the call processor or switch site. The IWU table 1208 provides information to the call processor or switch during initialization or other setup procedures, such as population of data or transfer of information to one or more memory locations for use during call processing. The CAM interface table 1210 contains information for the logical interfaces associated with the CAM. The CAM interface table 1210 provides information to the call processor or switch during initialization or other setup procedures, such as. 48 population of data or transfer of information to one or more memory locations for use during call processing. The CAM table 1212 contains information associated with the logical and physical setup properties of the CAM. The CAM table 1212 provides information to the call processor or switch during initialization or other setup procedures, such as population of data or transfer of information to one or more memory locations for use during call processing. Figures 13-42 depict examples of the various tables described above. It will be appreciated that other versions of tables may be used. In addition, information from the identified tables may be combined or changed to form different tables. Figure 13 depicts an example of a TDM trunk circuit table. The TDM trunk circuit table is used to access information about the originating circuit for originating circuit call processing. It also is used to provide information about the terminating circuit for terminating circuit call processing. The trunk group number of the circuit associated with the call is used to enter the table. The group member is the second entry that is used as a key to identifyor fill information in the table. The group member identifies the member number or the trunk group to which the circuit is assigned, and it is used for the circuit selection control. The table also contains the trunk circuit identification code (TCIC). The TCIC identifies the trunk circuit which is typically a DSOj.The echo canceller (EC) label entry identifies the echo canceller, if any, which is connected to the circuit. The" interworking unit (IWU) label and the interworking unit (IWU) port identify the hardware location and the port number, respectively, of the interworking unit. The DS1/E1 label 49 and the DS1/E1 channel denote the DS1 or (he HI and the channel within the DS1 or El, respectively, that contains the circuit. The initial state specifies the slate of the circuit when it is installed. Valid states include blocked if the circuit is installed and blocked from usage, unequipped if the circuit is reserved, and normal if the circuit is installed and available from usage. Figure 14 depicts an example of an ATM trunk circuit table. The ATM trunk circuit table is used to access information about the originating circuit for originating circuit call processing. It also is used to provide information about the terminating circuit for terminating circuit call processing. The trunk group number of the circuit associated with the call is used to enter the table. The group size denotes the number of members in the trunk group. The starting trunk circuit identification code (TCIC) is the starting TCIC for the trunk group, and it is used in the routing label of an ISUP message. The transmit interface label identifies the hardware location of the virtual path on which the call will be transmitted. The transmit interface label may designate either an interworking unit interface or a CAM interface for the designated trunk members. The transmit virtual path identifier (VPI) is the VP that will be used on the transmission circuit side of the call. The receive interface label identifies the hardware location of the virtual path on which the call will be received. The receive interface label may designate either an interworking unit interface or a^CAM interface for the designated trunk members. The receive virtual path identifier (VPI) is the VP that will be used on the reception circuit side of the call. The initial state specifies the state of the circuit when it is installed. Valid states include blocked if the 50 circuit is installed and blocked from usage, unequipped if the circuit is reserved, and normal if the circuit is installed and available from usage. Figure 15A depicts an example of a trunk group table. The trunk group number of the trunk group associated with the circuit is used to key into the trunk group table. The administration information field is used for information purposes concerning the trunk group and typically is not used in call processing. The associated point code is the point code for the far end switch or call processor to which the trunk group is connected. The common language location identifier (CLLI) entry is a standardized Bellcore entry for the associated office to which the trunk group is connected. The trunk type identifies the type of the trunk in the trunk group. The trunk type may be a TDM trunk, an ATM trunk from the interworking unit, or an ATM trunk from the CAM. The associated numbering plan area (NPA) contains information identifying the switch from which the trunk group is originating or to which the trunk group is terminating. The associated jurisdiction information parameter (JIP) contains information identifying the switch from which the trunk group is originating or to which the trunk group is terminating. If an ISUP JIP is not received in an IAM, the default JIP is a value recorded on the call processor ECDB. If an incoming IAM does not have a JIP, call processing will populate the JIP of the outgoing IAM with the default value from the trunk group table. If a JEP is not data filled, an outgoing JIP is not transmitted. The time zone label identifies the time zone that should be used when computing a local date and a local time for use with a day of year table, the day of week table, and the time of day table. The echo canceller information field describes the trunk group echo cancellation requirements. Valid entries for the echo canceller information 51 include normal for a trunk group that uses internal echo cancellation, external for a trunk group that requires external echo cancellers, and disable for a trunk group that requires no echo cancellation for any call passing over the group. Figure I5B is a continuation of Figure 15A for the trunk group table. The satellite entry specifies that the trunk group for the circuit is connected through a satellite. If the trunk group uses too many satellites, then a call should not use the identified trunk group. This field is used in conjunction with the nature of connection satellite indicator field from the incoming IAM to determine if the outgoing call can be connected over this trunk group. The select sequence indicates the methodology that will be used to select a connection. Valid entries for the select sequence field include the following: most idle, least idle, ascending, or descending. The interworking unit (IWU) priority signifies that outgoing calls will attempt to use a trunk circuit on the same interworking unit before using a trunk circuit on a different interworking unit. Glare resolution indicates how a glare situation is to be resolved. Glare is the dual seizure of the same circuit. If the glare resolution entry is set to "even/odd," the switch or the call processor with the higher point code value will control the even number TCICs within the trunk group. The switch or call processor with the lower point code value will control the odd number TCICs. If the glare resolution entry is set to "all," the call processor controls all of the TCICs within the trunk group. If the glare resolution entry is set to "none," the call processor will have no glare control and will yield to all double seizures within the trunk group. Continuity control indicates whether continuity is to be -checked. Continuity for outgoing calls on the originating call processor are controlled on a trunk 52 group basis. This field specifies whether continuity is not required or whether continuity is required and the frequency of the required check. The field identifies a percentage of the calls that require continuity check. The reattempt entry specifies how many times the outgoing call will be re-attempted using a different circuit from the same trunk group after a continuity check failure, a glare, or other connection failure. The ignore local number portability (LNP) information specifies whether or not the incoming LNP information is ignored. The treatment label is a label into the treatment table for the trunk group used on the call. Because specific trunk group connections may require specific release causes or treatments for a specific customer, this field identifies the type of treatment that is required. The message mapping label is a label into the message mapping table which specifies the backward message configuration that will be used on the trunk group. Figure 15C is a continuation of Figure I5B for the trunk group table. The queue entry signifies that the terminating part of the trunk group is capable of queuing calls originating from a subscriber that called a number which terminates in this trunk group. The ring no answer entry specifies whether the trunk group requires ring no answer timing. If the entry is set to 0, the call processing will not use the ring no answer timing for calls terminated on the trunk group. A number other than 0 specifies the ring no answer timing in seconds for calls terminating on this trunk group. The voice path cut through entry identifies how and when the terminating call's voice path will be cut through on the trunk group. The options for this field include the following: connect for a cut through in both directions after receipt of an AGM, answer for cut through in the backward direction upon receipt of an ACM, then cut through in the forward direction 53 upon receipt of an ANM, or immediate for cut through in both directions immediately after an IAM has been sent The originating class of service (COS) label provides a label into a class of service table that determines how a call is handled based on the combination of the originating COS and the terminating COS from another trunk group. Based on the combination of this field and the terminating COS of another trunk group's field, the call will be handled differently. For example, the call may be denied, route advanced, or otherwise processed. The terminating class of service (COS) label provides a label into a class of service table that determines how a call is handled based on the combination of the originating COS from another trunk group and the terminating COS from the present trunk group. Based on a combination of this field and the originating COS the call will be handled differently. For example, the call may be denied, route advanced, or otherwise processed. Call control provides an index to a specific trunk group level traffic management control. Valid entries include normal for no control applied, skip control, applied wide area telecommunications service (WATS) reroute functionality, cancel control, reroute control overflow, and reroute immediate control. The next function points ' to the next table, andthe next label points to an entry or a range of entries in that table. Figure 16 depicts an example of a carrier table. The carrier label is the key to enter the table. The carrier identification (ED) specifies the carrier to be used by the calling party. The carrier selection entry identifies how the caller specifies the carrier. For example, it identifies whether the caller dialed a prefix digit or whether the cajler was pre-subscribed. The carrier selection is used to determine how the call will be routed. The 54 next function points to the next table, and the next label defines an area in that table for further call processing. Figure 17 depicts an example of an exception table. The exception label is used as a key to enter the table. The calling party's category entry specifies how to process a call from an ordinary subscriber, an unknown subscriber, or a test phone. The called number nature of address differentiates between 0+ calls, 1+ calls, test calls, local routing number (LRN) calls, and international calls. For example, international calls might be routed to a pre-selected international carrier. The called number "digits from" and "digits to" focus further processing unique to a defined range of called numbers. The "digits from" field is a decimal number ranging from 1-15 digits. It can be any length and, if filled with less than 15 digits, is filled with 0s for the remaining digits. The "digits to" is a decimal number ranging from 1-15 digits. It can be any length and, if filled with less than 15 digits, is filled with 9s for the remaining digits. The next function and next label entries point to the next table and the next entry within that table for the next routing function. Figure 18 depicts an example of the originating line information (OLI) table.The OLI label is used as a key to enter the table from a prior next function operation. The originating line information entry specifies the information digits that are being transmitted from a carrier. Different calls are differentiated based on the information digits. For example, the information digits may identify an ordinary subscriber, a multi-party line, N00 service, prison service, cellular service, or private pay station. The next function and next label entries point to the next table and the area within that table for the next routing function. 55 Figure 19 depicts an example of an automatic number identification (AND table. The ANI label is used as a key to enter the table from a prior next option. The charge calling party number "digits from" and "digits to" focus further processing unique to ANI within a given range. These entries are looked at to determine if the incoming calling number falls within the "digits from" and "digits to" fields. The time zone label indicates the entry in the time zone table that should be used when computing the local date and time. The time zone label overrides the time zone information from the trunk group table 906. The customer information entry specifies further customer information on the originating side for call process routing. The echo cancellation (EC) information field specifies whether or not to apply echo cancellation to the associated ANI. The queue . entry identifies whether or not queuing is available to the calling party if the called party is busy. Queuing timers determine the length of time that a call can be queued. The treatment label defines how a call will be treated based on information in the treatment table. For example, the treatment label may send a call to a specific recording based on a dialed number. The next function and next label point to the next table and an area within that table for further call processing. Figure 20 depicts an example of a called number screening table. The called number screening label is used as a key to enter the table. The called number nature of address indicates the type of dialed number, for example, national versus international. The nature of address entry allows the call process to route a call differently based on the nature of address value provided. The "digits from" and "digits to" entries focus further processing unique to a range of called numbers. The "digits from" and 56 "digits to" columns both contain called number digits, such as NPA-NXX ranges, that may contain ported numbers and are checked for an LRN. This table serves as the trigger detection point (TDP) for an LNP TCAP when, for example, NPA-NXXs of donor switches that have had subscribers port their numbers are data filled in the "digits from" and "digits to" fields. The delete digits field provides the number of digits to be deleted from the called number before processing continues. The next function and next label point to the next table and the area within that table for further call processing. Figure 21 depicts an example of a called number table. The called number label is used as a key to enter the table. The called number nature of address entry indicates the type of dialed number, for example, national versus international. The "digits from" and "digits to" entries focus further processing unique to a range of numbers, including LRNs. The next function and next label point to a next table and the area within that table used for further call processing. Figure 22 depicts an example of a day of year table. The day of year label is used as a key to enter the table. The date field indicates the local date which is applicable to the action to be taken during the processing of this table. The next function and next label identify the table and the area within that table for further call processing. Figure 23 depicts an example of a day of week table. The day of week label is a key that is used to enter the table. The "day from" field indicates the local day of the week on which the action to be taken by this table line entry is to start. The "day to" field indicates the local day of the week on which,-the action to be taken by this table line entry is to end. The next function and next label identify the next table and the area within that table for further call processing. 57 Figure 24 depicts an example of a time of day table. The lime of day label is used as a key to enter the table from a prior next function. The "time from" entry indicates the local time on which an action to be taken is to start. The "time to" field indicates the local time just before which the action to be taken is to stop. The next function and next label entries identify the next table and the area within that table for further call processing. Figure 25 depicts an example of a time zone table. The time zone label is used as a key to enter the table and to process an entry so that a customer's local date and time may be computed. The coordinated universal time (UTC) indicates a standard offset of this time zone from the UTC. The UTC is also known as Greenwich mean time, GMT, or Zulu. The UTC should be positive for time zones east of Greenwich, such as Europe and Asia, and negative for time zones west of Greenwich, such as North America. The daylight savings entry indicates whether daylight savings time is used during the summer in this time zone. Figure 26 depicts an example of a routing table. The routing label is used as a key to enter the table from a prior next function. The route number specifies a route within a route list. Call processing will process the route choices for a given route label in the order indicated by the route numbers. The next function and next label identify the next table and the area within that table for further call processing. The signal route label is associated with the next action to be taken by call processing for this call. The signal route label provides the index to access the message mapping label. The signal route label is used in order to modify parameter data fields in a signaling message that is being propagated to a next switch or a next call processor. 58 Figure 27 depicts an example of a trunk group class of service (COS) table. The originating trunk COS label and the terminating trunk COS label are used as keys to enter the table and define call processing. The next function identifies the next action that will be taJcen by call processing for this call. Valid entries in the next function column may be continued, treat, route advanced, or routing. Based on these entries call processing may continue using the current trunk group, send the calls to treatment, skip the current trunk group and the routing table and go to the next trunk group on the list, or send the call to a different label in the routing table. The next label entry is a pointer that defines the trunk circuit group that the next function will use to process the call. This field is ignored when the next function is continued or route advanced. Figure 28 depicts an example of a treatment table. The treatment label is a key that is used to enter the table. The treatment label is a designation in a call process that determines the disposition of the call. The error/cause label correspond either to internally generated error conditions and call processing or to incoming release cause values. For each treatment label, there will be a set of error conditions and cause values that will be associated with a series of labels for the call processing error conditions and a series of labels for all incoming release message cause values. The next function and next label point to the next table and the area within that table for further call processing. Figure 29 depicts an example of an outgoing release table. The outgoing release label is used as a key to enter the table for processing. The outgoing cause value location identifies the type of network to be used. For example, the location entry may specify a local or remote network or a private, transit, or international network. The coding standard identifies the standard as an International Telecommunications Union 59 (ITU) standard or an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard. The cause value designates error, maintenance, or non-connection processes. Figure 30 depicts an example of a percent control table. The percent label is used as a key to enter the table. The control percentage specifies the percentage of incoming calls that will be affected by the control. The control next function allows attempts for call connection to be routed to another table during call processing. The control next label points to an area within that table for further call processing. The passed next function allows only incoming attempts to be routed to another table. The next label points to an area in that table for further call processing. Figure 31 depicts an example of a calll rate table. The call rate label is used as a key to enter the table. The call rate specifies the number of calls that will be passed by the control on or for completion. Call processing will use this information to determine if the incoming call number falls within this control. The control next function allows a blocked call attempt to be routed to another table. The control next label is a pointer that defines the area in the next table for further call processing. The passed next function allows only an incoming call attempt to be rerouted to another table. The passed next function is a pointer that defines an area in that table for further call processing. Figure 32 depicts an example of a database services table. The database services label is used as a key to enter the table. The service type determines the type of logic that is applied when building and responding to database queries. Service types include local number portability and N00 number translation. The signaling connection control part (SCCP) label identifies a location within an SCCP table for further call processing. The transaction capabilities application part (TCAP) label identifies a 60 location within a TCAP table for further processing. The next function identifies the location for the next routing function based on information contained in the database services table as well as information received from a database query. The next label entry specifies an area within the table identified in the next function for further processing. Figure 33A depicts an example of a signaling connection control part (SCCP) table. The SCCP label is used as a key to enter the field. The message type entry identifies the type of message that will be sent in the SCCP message. Message types include Unitdata messages and Extended Unitdata messages. The protocol class entry indicates the type of protocol class that will be used for the message specified in the message type field. The protocol class is used for connectionless transactions to determine whether messages are discarded or returned upon an error condition. The message handling field identifies how the destination call processor or switch is to handle the SCCP message if it is received with errors. This field will designate that the message is to be discarded or returned. The hop counter entry denotes the number of nodes through which the SCCP message can route before the message is returned with an error condition. The segmentation entry denotes whether or not this SCCP message will use segmentation and send more than one SCCP message, to the destination. Figure 33B is a continuation of Figure 33A for the SCCP table. The intermediate signaling network identification (ISNI) fields allow the SCCP message to traverse different networks in order to reach a desired node. The ISNI type identifies the type of ISNI message format that will be used for this SCCP message. The route indicator subfield identifies whether or not this SCCP message requires a special type of routing to go through other networks. The mark identification subfield identifies whether or not 61 network identification will be used for this SCCP message. The label subficid identifies a unique address into the ISNI table when the route indicator sub-field is set to "constrained" and the mark identification subfield is set to "yes." Figure 33C is a continuation of Figure 33B for the SCCP table. Figure 33C identifies the called party address field and subfields to provide information on how to route this SCCP message. The address indicator subsystem number (SSN) indicates whether or not a subsystem number will be included in the called party address. The point code entry indicates whether or not a point code will be included in the calling party address. The global title indicator subfield identifies whether or not a global title translation will be used to route the SCCP message. If a global title translation is chosen, this subfield also identifies the type. The routing indicator subfield identifies the elements that will be used to route the message. Valid entries include global title and point code. The national/international subfield identifies whether the SCCP message will use national or international routing and set up. The subsystem number field identifies the subsystem number for the SCCP message. The point code number indicates the destination point code to which the SCCP message will be routed. This field will be used for routing messages that do not require SCCP translation. The globai title translation field allows intermediate nodes to translate SCCP messages so that the messages can be routed to the correct destination with the correct point code. The global title translation type entry directs the SCCP message to the correct global title translation function. The encode scheme identifies how the address type will be encoded. The number plan subfield identifies the numbering plan that will be 62 sent to the destination node. The address type subfield will identify which address type to use for address digits and the SCCP routing through the network. Figure 33D is a continuation of Figure 33C for the SCCP table. Figure 33D identifies the calling party address field which contains the routing information that the destination database uses to retain the SCCP message. The address indicator subsystem number (SSN) indicates whether or not a subsystem number will be included in the called party address. The point code subfield indicates whether or not a point code will be included in the calling party address. The global title indicator subfield identifies whether or not global title translation will be used to route the SCCP message. The routing indicator subfield identifies which elements will be used throughout the message. This field may include global title elements or point code elements. The national/international subfield identifies whether the SCCP will use national or international routing and set up. The subsystem number identifies a subsystem number for the SCCP message. The point code number field indicates the destination point code to which the SCCP message will be routed. The global title translations allow the intermediate nodes to translate SCCP messages and to route the messages to the correct destination. The global title translation type directs the SCCP message to the correct global title translation function. The encode scheme identifies how the address type will be encoded. The number plan identifies the number plan that will be sent to the destination node. The address type subfield identifies the address type to use for address digits in the SCCP routing through the network. 63 Figure 34 depicts an example of an intermediate signaling network identification (ISNI) table. The ISNI table contains a list of networks that will be used for routing SCCP messages to the destination node. The ISNI label is used as a key to enter the table. The network fields 1-16 identify the network number of up to 16 networks that may be used for routing the SCCP message. Figure 35 depicts an example of a transaction capabilities application part (TCAP) table. The TCAP label is used as a key to enter the table. The TCAP type identifies the type of the TCAP that will be constructed. The TCAP types include advanced intelligent network (AIN) and distributed intelligent network architecture (DINA). The tag class indicates whether the message will use a common or proprietary structure. The package type field identifies the package type that will be used in the transaction portion of the TCAP message. The component type field identifies the component type that will be used in the component portion of the TCAP message. The message type field identifies the type of TCAP message. Message types include variable options depending on whether they are AIN message types or DINA message types. Figure 36 depicts an example of an external echo canceller table. The echo canceller type specifies if an external echo canceller is being used on the circuit and, if so, the type of echo canceller. The echo canceller label points to a location in the controllable ATM matrix table for further call processing. The RS-232 address is the address of the RS-232 interface that is used to communicate with the external echo canceller. The module entry is the module number of the external echo canceller. Figure 37 depicts an example of an interworking unit interface table. The interworking unit (IWU) is a key that is used to enter the table. The IWU identification 64 (ID) identifies which interworking unit is being addressed. The internet protocol (IP) sockets 1-4 specify the IP socket address of any of the four connections to the interworking unit. Figure 38 depicts an example of a controllable ATM matrix (CAM) interface table. The CAM interface label is used as a key to enter the table. The CAM label indicates which CAM contains the interface. The logical interface entry specifies a logical interface or port number in the CAM. Figure 39 depicts an example of a controllable ATM'matrix (CAM) table. The CAM label is used as a key to enter the table. The CAM type indicates the type of CAM control protocol. The CAM address identifies the address of the CAM. Figure 40A depicts an example of a call processor or switch site office table. The office CLLI name identifies a CLLI of the associated office for the call processor or switch. The call processor or switch site node identifier (ED) specifies the call processor or switch node identifier. The call processor or switch origination identifier (ID) specifies a call processor or switch origination identifier. The software identifier (ID) specifies a software release identifier. The call processor identifier (ID) specifies the call processor or switch identifier that is rent to the inter working units. Figure 40B is a continuation of Figure 40A of the call processor or switch site office table. The automatic congestion control (ACC) specifies whether ACC is enabled or disabled. The automatic congestion control level (ACL) 1 onset identifies an onset percentage value of a first buffer utilization. The ACL 1 abate entry specifies an abatement percentage of utilization for a first buffer. The ACL 2 onset entry specifies an onset level for a second buffer. The ACL 2 abate entry specifies an abatement level 65 percentage of buffer utilization for a second buffer. The ACL 3 onset entry specifies an onset level percentage of buffer utilization for a third buffer. The ACL 3 abate entry specifies an abatement level percentage of buffer utilization for a third buffer. Figure 40C is a continuation of Figure 40B for the call processor or switch site office table. The maximum crunks for the off hook queuing (max trunks OHQ) specifies a maximum number of trunk groups that can have the off hook queuing enabled. The OHQ timer one (TQ1) entry specifies the number of milliseconds for the off hook timer number one. The OHQ timer two (TQ2) entry specifies the number of seconds for the off hook timer number two. The ring no answer timer specifies the number of seconds for the ring no answer timer. The billing active entry specifies whether ECDBs are being sent to the call processing control system (CPCS). The network management (NWM) allow entry identifies whether or not a selective trunk reservation and group control are allowed or disallowed. The billing failure free call entry specifies if a call will not be billed if the billing process is unavailable. The billing failure free call will either be enabled for free calls or disabled so that there are no free calls. Figure 40D is a continuation of Figure 40C for the call processor or switch site office table. The maximum (max) hop counts Identifies the number of call processor or switch hops that may be made in a single call. The maximum (max) table lookups identifies the number of table lookups that may performed for a single call. This value is used to detect loops in routing tables. Figures 41A-41B depict an example of an advanced intelligent network (AIN) event parameters table. The AIN event parameters table has two columns. The first 66 identifies (he parameters that will be included in ihe parameters portion of the TCAP event message. The second entry may include information for analysis. Figure 42 depicts an example of a message mapping table. This table allows the call processor to alter information in outgoing messages. The message type field is used as a key to enter the table and represents the outgoing standard message type. The parameters entry is a pertinent parameter within the outgoing message. The indexes point to various entries in the trunk group and determine if parameters are passed unchanged, omitted, or modified in the outgoing messages. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that variations from the specific ¦ embodiments disclosed above are contemplated by the invention. The invention should not be restricted to the above embodiments, but should be measured by the following claims. 67 WE CLAIM: 1. A communication system (202) for connecting a call over tandem connections comprising a first switching system (206) coupled to a first connection (214) and to a second connection (210) and configured to transfer first communications for a first call over the first connection (214) and to transfer second communications for a second call over the second connection (210) when the first connection (214) is unavailable for the second call, a second switching system (208) coupled to the first connection (214) and to a third connection (212) and configured to receive the first communications for the first call over the first connection (214) and to receive the second communications for the second call over the third connection (212), the communication system (202) characterized by: an asynchronous transfer mode matrix (226) coupled to a first link (228), to the second connection (210), and to the third connection (210) and configured to receive a control.message over the first link (228), to receive the second communications for the second call-over the second connection (210), and to route the second communications for the second call to the third connection (210) using an asynchronous transfer mode connection in response to the control message; and a signaling processor (224) coupled to the first link (228) and to a second link (230) and configured to receive an initial address message for the second call from the second link (230), process the initial address message to select the asynchronous transfer mode connection, to indicate the asynchronous transfer mode connection in the control message, and to transfer the control message to the first link (228). 2. The communications system (202) as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first (214), the second connection (210), and the third connection (212) use a time division multiplex protocol and wherein the asynchronous transfer mode matrix (226) comprises a first interworking unit 68 (302) configured to convert the communications for the second call from the time division multiplex protocol to an asynchronous transfer mode protocol and a second interworking unit (304) configured to convert the communications for the second call from the asynchronous transfer mode protocol back to the time division multiplex protocol. 3. The communications system (202) as claimed in claim 1 wherein the asynchronous transfer mode matrix (226) comprises an interworking unit (302) configured to convert the communications for the second call into an asynchronous transfer mode protocol. 4. The communications system (202) as claimed in claim 1 wherein the asynchronous transfer mode matrix (226) is configured to cancel echo from the communications for the second call. 5. The communications system (202) as claimed in claim 1 wherein the signaling-processor (224) is configured to process the initial address message to select echo cancellation and to indicate the echo cancellation in the control message and wherein the asynchronous transfer mode matrix (226) is configured to cancel echo from the second communications for the second call in response to the control message. 6. The communications system (202) as claimed in claim 1 wherein the signaling processor (224) is configured to process the initial address message to select the third connection (212) for the second call and to indicate the third connection (212) in the control message. 7. The communications system (202) as claimed in claim 1 wherein the signaling processor (224) is configured to process a called number in the initial address message to select the asynchronous transfer mode connection. 69 8. The communications system (202) as claimed in claim 1 wherein the signaling processor (224) is configured to process a calling number in the initial address message to select the asynchronous transfer mode connection. 9. The communications system (202) as claimed in claim 1 wherein the signaling processor (224) is configured to process the initial address message to access a service control point to select the asynchronous transfer mode connection. 10. The communications system (202) as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first connection(214) is unavailable for the second call due to high traffic. 70 11. A method of operating a communication system (202) comprising a first switching system (206) coupled to a first connection (214) and to a second connection (210) and a second switching system (208) coupled to the first connection (214) and to a third connection (212) wherein the communications system (202) performs the steps of transferring first communications for a first call from the first switching system (206) over the first connection (214) to the second switching system (208), transferring second communications for a second call from the first switching system (206) over the second connection (210) when the first connection (214) is unavailable for the second call, and receiving the second communications for the second call over the third connection (212), the method characterized by: receiving an initial address message for the second call from a second link (230) into a signaling processor (224) and processing the initial address message to select an asynchronous transfer mode connection; transferring a control message indicating the asynchronous transfer mode connection from the signaling processor (224) over a first link (228) to an asynchronous transfer mode matrix (226); receiving the second communications for the second call over the second connection (210) into the asynchronous transfer mode matrix (226); and in the asynchronous transfer mode matrix (226), routing the second communications for the second call to the third connection (210) using the asynchronous transfer mode connection in response to the control message. 12. The method as claimed in claim 11 wherein the first connection (214), the second connection (210), and the third connection (212) use a time division multiplex protocol and comprising , in the asynchronous transfer mode matrix (226), converting the communications for the second call from the time division multiplex-protocol to an asynchronous transfer mode protocol and 71 converting the communications for the second call from the asynchronous transfer mode protocol back to the time division multiplex protocol. 13. The method as claimed in claim 11 comprising converting the communications for the second call into an asynchronous transfer mode protocol. 14. The method as claimed in claim 11 comprising canceling echo from the communications for the second call in the asynchronous transfer mode matrix (226). 15. The method as claimed in claim 11 comprising processing the initial address message in the signaling processor (224) to select echo cancellation, indicating the echo cancellation in the control message, and canceling echo from the second communications for the second call in the asynchronous transfer mode matrix (226) in response to the control message. 16. The method as claimed in claim 11 comprising processing the initial address message in the signaling processor (224) to select the third connection (212) for the second call and indicating the third connection (212) in the control message. 17. The method as claimed in claim 11 comprising processing a called number in the initial address message in the signaling processor (224) to select the asynchronous transfer mode connection. 18. The method as claimed in claim 11 comprising processing a calling number in the initial address message in the signaling processor (224) to select the asynchronous transfer mode connection. 72 19. The method as claimed in claim 11 comprising processing the initial address message in the signaling processor (224) to access a service control point to select the asynchronous transfer mode connection. 20. The method as claimed in claim 11 wherein the first connection (214) is unavailable for the second call due to high traffic. 73 A system, (202) and method for connecting a call in a tandem architecture comprises a signaling processor (224) for processing call signaling to determine connections for the user communications. A controllable asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) matrix (226) accepts control messages from the signaling processor (224) and accepts user communications from switching systems (206). In response to the control message, the ATM matrix connects the user communications to the designated connection. |
|---|
| Patent Number | 200319 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indian Patent Application Number | IN/PCT/2001/00524/KOL | ||||||||
| PG Journal Number | 11/2007 | ||||||||
| Publication Date | 16-Mar-2007 | ||||||||
| Grant Date | 16-Mar-2007 | ||||||||
| Date of Filing | 16-May-2001 | ||||||||
| Name of Patentee | SPRINT COMMUNICATIONS COMPANY,LP | ||||||||
| Applicant Address | 8140, WARD PARKWAY,KANSAS CITY,MO 64114 | ||||||||
Inventors:
|
|||||||||
| PCT International Classification Number | H04Q 11/04 | ||||||||
| PCT International Application Number | PCT/US99/30222 | ||||||||
| PCT International Filing date | 1999-12-17 | ||||||||
PCT Conventions:
|
|||||||||