Title of Invention

"A LAUNDRY DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS"

Abstract Laundry detergent compositions comprising C12-C 14 dimethyl hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium cationic surfectams in combination with certain modified polyamines which provide increased fabric cleaning benefits.
Full Text The present invention relates to laundry detergent compositions comprising C12-
C14 dimethyl hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant* in combination
whh certain modified polyaminss which provide increased fabric cleaning benefits. The
compositions also provide increased cotton sail release benefits. The present invention
also relates to methods for laundering fabrics with the disclosed compositions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Detergent formulator? art faced with the task of devising products to remove a
broad spectrum of soils and stains from fabrics. Chemically and physico-chemically, the
varieties of soils and stains ranges the spectrum from polar toils, such as proteinaceous,
day, and inorganic soils, to non-polar soils, such as soot, carbon-black; by-products of
incomplete hydrocarbon combustion, and organic soils. Detergent compositions have
become more complex as formuUton attempt to provide products which handle all types
concurrently.
Formulators have been highly successful to developing traditional dispersants
which are particularly useful in suspending polar, highly charged , bydrophilic particles
such as day. As yet, however, dispersents designed to disperse sad suspend non-polar,
hydrophobic-type soils and particles have been more difficult to develop. Surprisingly, it
has recently been discovered that the modified polyamints of the present invention are
capable of mediating the re-depositon of non-polar soils
la addition, a wide variety of soil release agents for use in domestic and industrial
abrictreatment processes such as laundering, fabric drying in hot air clothes dryers, «nd
the like are known in the art. Various soil release agents have been commercialized and
are currently used in detergent compositions and fabric softener/antistatic articles and
compositions. Such soil release polymers typically comprise an oligomeric or polymeric
ester "backbone*.
Soil release polymers are generally very effective on polyester or other synthetic
fabrics where the grease, oil or similar hydrophohic stains spread out and form a attached
film and thereby are not easily removed in an aqueous laundering process. Many soil
release polymers have a Less dramatic effect on "blended" fabrics, that is on fabrics that
contpm* a mixture of cotton and synthetic material, and have little or no effect on cotton
articles. The reason for the affinity ofraany soil release agents for synthetic fabric is that
the backbone of a polyester soil release polymer typically comprises a mixture of
terephthalate residues and ethyleneoxy or propyteneoxy polymeric units; the same
materials that comprise the polyester fibers of synthetic fabric. This similar structure of
soil release agents and synthetic fabric produce an intrinsic affinity between these
compounds.
It has now been surprisingly discovered that in addition to the ability to mediate
hydrophobia soil redepowtton, certain polyamines act in concert with selected cationic
surfactants to provide increase fabric soil removal, especially from cotton fabrics. This
increased soil removal benefit has been found to be independent of the type of soil
present on the cotton fabric.
The modified poryamuu/cationio surfactant combinations of the present invention
have the increased benefit of being compatible withhypoohlorite and oxygen "pendd"
bleaching agents. This is especially important in the area of surface active agents that ate
effective on non-colored cotton fabric. The hydrophitic cetiulosic composition of cotton
fabric presents a surface that is not compatible with the traditional polyester
terephthdate-basee soil release agents. Indeed, the polyamines of the present invention
themselves exhibit a propensity for attachment to the surface of the cotton fabric.
The C12 14 dimethyl hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium salts which serve as
cationic surfactants for the purposes of the present invention, combine with the modified
poiyamine surface ageoVdiSpersents to remove soils from fabric surfaces. This
combination of materials also acts to prevent redeposition of soil by holding the soil
suspended in the laundry liquor which is removed prior to rinsing.
It is a purpose of the present invention to provide laundry detergent compositions
which combine C12-C 14 dimethyl hydroxyetiryi quaternary ammonium cationic
surfactsntirwith modified polyamine dispcrsants.
It in a farther object of the present invention to combine theC^^^*1*1110***
hydfoxyethyl quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant and polyamine dispersents with
non-cotton soQ release agents. This combination of ingredient* provides a soil release
benefit to aU laundered fabric as v
It is yet a further purpose of the present Invention to provide a bleach stable
cationic surftctantfpolyamine dispersent composition.
A further purpose of the present invention is to provide a method For laundering
soiled fabric which comprises the step of contacting the soiled fabric, especially cotton,
with a laundry detergent composition containing Ci2-C 14 dimethyl hydroxyethyl
quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants and the disclosed polyamines.
BACKGROUND ART
Hie fallowing disclose various soil release polymers or modified polyamines;
US, Patent 4,548,744, Connor, Issued October 22,1985; U.S. Patent 4,597,89$,
Vander Mw. issued July 1, 1986; U.S. Patent 4,877,896, Maldonado, et al., issued
October 31,1989; U.S Patent 4,891,160, Vander Meer, Issued January 2,1990; U.S.
Patent 4,976,879, Maldoftado, et al., issued December 11,1990; U.S. Patent 5,415,807,
Gosseiink, issued May 16,1995; U.S. Patent 4,235,735, Marco, et al., issued November
25,1980; WO 95/32272, published November 30,1995; U.K. Patent 1,537,288,
published December 29,1978; U.K. Patent 1,498,520, published January 18,1978;
German Patent DE 28 29 022, issued January 10,1980; Japanese Kotcai IP 06313271,
published April 27,1994.
The following relate* to ethoxyhUed cationic surfactants in laundry detergent
compositions; U.S. Patent 5,441,541, Mehreteab et at,, issued August 15, 1995; U.K.
2,040,990, Murphy et al., issued September 3,1980.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to laundry compositions comprising:
a) at least 0.01% by weight, of a cat ionic surfactant having the formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R is C\2~C\4 *&yl and X to » water soluble anion;
b) at least about 0.01% by weight, of a water-soluble or dispenibte,
modified poryamUw soU dispersing agent comprising a poiyamine
buxkbortA corresponding to the formula:
(Formula Removed)
having a modified polyamine formula V
backbone corresponding to the formula:
(Formula Removed)
having a modified polyamine formula Vfc+.WmYnYkZ, wherein k is
te than or equal to n, said polyamine backbone prior to modification has
& molecular weight greater than about 200 daltons, wherein
i) V units arc terminal units having the formula:
(Formula Removed)
U) W unite are backbone units having the formula:
(Formula Removed)
Y units are branching units having the formula:
(Formula Removed)
;and
iv) Z units are terminal units having th« formula:
(Formula Removed)
or
wherein backbone linking R unh$ are selected from the group consisting
of C2'C12 alkylene, alkenylene, C1-C12 hydroxyalkylene, C4-
C12 dihydroxy-alkylene, Cg-Ci2 dialkylary'ene, ^R^^R1-, -
, -(CH2CH(OR2)CH20)2-
. •C(O)(R4)rC(O), -
CH2CH(OR2)CH2-, and mixtures thereof; wherein R1 is C2-C3 alkylene
and mixtures thereof, R2 is hydrogen, -(HJOxB, and mixtures thereof;
RJ is Ci-Cig alkyl, C7-Ct2 arylalkyl, C7-Ci2 aJkyl substituted aryl, C^-
C12 aryl, and mixtures thereof; R4 is Cj-Ci2 alkylene; C4*Ci2
a!kenyl*ne, Cg-C12 arylalkylene, C^-Cio arylene, and mixtures thereof
Rs is C[-Ci2 alkyiwie, C3-Cj2 hydroxy-alkylene, C^-C^
dihydroxyalkylene, Cg-C^ diaikylarylene, -C(O>, -
CH2CH(OH)CH2-,-CH2CH(OH)CH2O(R10)yR1-OCH2CHCOH>CH2-
, and mixtures thereof R^ is C2-Cj2 alkyi*11* or C^-Ci2 aryJenc; E units
are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cj-C22 aB^ Cs-
C22 *lkftyl,
, and mixtures thereof! provided that when any E unit of a
nitrogen is ft hydrogen, said nitrogen is not alio an N-oxide, B is
hydrogen, Cj-Cg alkyl, -CCH2)q-SO3M, -FO3M, and mixtures thereof, M is hydrogen or a water
- soluble cation in sufficient amount to satisfy charge balance; X» a water
soluble onion; m haft the value from 4 to about 400; n haa the value from
0 to about 200; p has the value from 1 to 6, q has the value from 0 to 6; t
has the value of 0 or 1; w has the value 0 or l;x has the value from 1 to
100; y has the value from 0 to 100; zhas the value 0 or 1; and
c) the balance currier and adjunct ingredients,
All percentages, ratios and proportions herein are by weight, unless otherwise
specified. All temperatures are in degree Celsius (°C) unless otherwise specified. All
documents cited are in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference.
STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly the present invention there is provided a laundry composition
comprising:
a) at least 0.01% by weight, of a cationic surfactant having the formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R is C12-C ! 4 alkyl and X is a water soluble anion;
b) at least 0.01% by weight, of a water-soluble or dispersible, modified polyamine
soil release polymer comprising a polyamine backbone corresponding to the
formula:
(Formula Removed)
having a modified polyamine formula V(n+ i )WmYnZ or a polyamine backbone
corresponding to the formula:
(Formula Removed)
having a modified polyamine formula V(n_k+j )WmYnY k Z, wherein k is less than
or equal to n, said polyamine backbone prior to modification has a molecular
weight greater than 200 daltons, wherein
i) V units are terminal units having the formula:
(Formula Removed)
ii) W units are backbone units having the formula:
(Formula Removed)
iii) Y units are branching units having the formula:
and;
iv) Z units are terminal units having the formula:
(Formula Removed)
wherein backbone linking R units are selected from the group consisting of C2-Ci2
alkylene, C4-C|2 alkenylene, C3-C12hydroxyalkylene, C4-C12 dihydroxy-alkylene,
C8-C12 dialkylaryleneXR'CO.R1-, (R'O)XR5(OR')X-,
-(CH2CH(OR')CH20)7(RlO)yR'(OCH2CH(OR2)CH2)w-,C(0)R4)rC(0)-,
-CH2CH(OR2)CH2-, and mixtures thereof, preferably C2-C12 alkylene, C3-C12
hydroxyalkylene, C4-C12dihydroxyalkylene, C8-C12 dialkylarylene,-(R'O)xR'-,
(R1O)XR5(ORI)X-, -(CH2CH(OH)CH2O)7 -(R1O)yR1(OCH2CH(OH)CH2)w-,
-CH2CH(OR2)CH2-, and mixtures thereof, more preferably C2-C12 alkylene,
C3-C12 hydroxyalkylene,C4-C12 dihydroxyalkylene,-(RIO)xR1-, -(R1O)XR5-(OR1)X-,
-(CH2CH(OH)C1H2O)z(R1O)yR1-, (OCH2CH(OH)CH2)W-, and mixtures thereof;
most preferably C2-C12 alkylene, and mixtures thereof; wherein R1 is C2-C6
alkylene, preferably ethylene, and mixtures thereof; R2 is hydrogen, -(R1O)XB,
and mixtures thereof, preferably hydrogen; R is Ci-Clg alkyl, C7-C|2 arylalkyl,
C7-C12 alkyl substituted aryl, C6-C]2 aryl, and mixtures thereof, C, -C6 alkyl and
mixtures thereof, more preferably methyl; R4 is CrC12 alkylene, C4-C12
alkenylene, C8-C12 arylalkylene, C6-C10 arylene, and mixtures thereof, preferably
C2-Ci2 alkylene, C8-C12 arylalkylene, and mixtures thereof, more preferably,
ethylene, butylene, and mixtures thereof; R5 is CrCi2 alkylene, C3-C12
hydroxyalkylene, C4-Ci2 dihydroxyalkylene, C8-C12 dialkylarylene, -
-C(O)NHR6-NHC(O)-, -R'COR1)-, -C(O)(R4)rC(O)-, -CH2CH(OH)CH2-,
-CH2CH(OH)CH2O-(R1O)yR1OCH2CH(OH)CH2-, and mixtures thereof,
preferably ethylene, -C(O)-, -C(O)NHR6-NHC(O)-, -R^OR1)^
-(CH2CH(OH)CH2O)z(R1O)yRl-(OCH2-CH(OH)CH2)w-,-CH2CH(OH)CH2-,and
mixtures thereof, more preferably CH2CH(OH)CH2-; R6 is C2-C12 alkylene or C6-
C,2 arylene; E units are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C,-C22
alkyl, C,-C6 alkenyl, C7-C22 arylalkyl, C2-C22 hydroxyalkyl, -(CH2)pO2M,
-(CH2)qSO3M, -CH(CH2CO2M)CO2M, -(CH2)pPO3M, -(R1 O)XB, -C(O)R3, and
mixtures thereof; preferably hydrogen, C3-C22 hydroxyalkyl, benzyl, CrC22 alkyl,
-(R'O)XB, -C(O)R3, -(CH2)pCO2-M+, -(CH2)qSO3-M+, CH(CH2CO2M)-CO2M and
mixtures thereof, more preferably hydrogen, C,-C22 alkyl,-(R'O)xB, -C(O)R3, and
mixtures thereof, most preferably -(R O)XB; B is hydrogen, C,-C6 alkyl,
-(CH2)qSOM, -(CH2)p-CO2M, (CH2)q-(CHSO3M)CH2SO3M,
-(CH2)q(CHSO2M)CHrSO3M, -(CH2)pPO3M, -PO3M, and mixtures thereof,
preferably hydrogen, CrC6 alkyl, -(CH2)qSO3M, -(CH2)q(CH2SO3M),
-CH2SO,M, -(CH2)q(CHSO2M)CH2SO3M, and mixtures thereof, more preferably
hydrogen, ~(CH2)qSO3M, and mixtures thereof, most preferably hydrogen;
provided at least one backbone nitrogen is quateraized or oxidized; M is hydrogen
or a water soluble cation in sufficient amount to satisfy charge balance; X is a
water soluble anion; m has the value from 4 to 400; n has the value from 0 to 200;
p has the value from 1 to 6, q has the value from 0 to 6; r has the value of 0 or 1;
w has the value 0 or 1; x has the value from 1 to 100; y has the value from 0 to
100; z has the value 0 or 1;
wherein said cationic surfactant and said modified polyamine soil dispersing
agent are present in a ratio of 0.1:1 to 10:1;
c) the balance carrier and adjunct ingredients.
(Formula Removed)
3TIQN OF THE INVENTION
The laundry detergent compositions of the present invention comprise:
a) at least 0.01% by weight, of a cationic surfactant having the formula
CH3
R-N—CH2CH2OH
CH3
wherein R is C i2-Cl4 alkyl and X is a water soluble anion;
b) at least about 0.01% by weight, of a water-soluble or dispersible,
modified polyamine soil dispersing agent according to the present
invention; and
c) the balance carriers and adjunct ingredients.
More preferably the detergent compositions of the present invention comprise:
a) at least 0.01% by weight, of a cationic surfactant having the formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R is C 12*^14 alkyl and X is a water soluble anion;
b) at least about 0.01% by weight, of a water-soluble or dispersible,
modified polyamine soil dispersing agent according to the present
invention;
c) at least about 0.01% by weight, of a soil release agent; and
d) the balance carriers and adjunct ingredients.
More preferably the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention
comprise:
a) at least 0.01% by weight, of a cationic surfactant having the formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R is Ci2-Ci4 alkyl and X is a water soluble union;
b) at least about 0.01% by weight, of a water-soluble or dtspersible,
modified polyamine soil dispersing agent according to the present
invention;
c) at kail about 0.01% by weight, of a soil release agent;
d) from about 0% to about 30% by weight, of a bleach; and
e) the balance carriers and adjunct ingredients.
Cationic Surfactant
The laundry deteregent compositions of the present invention comprise at least
0,01% by weight, of a cationic surfactant having the formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R is C]2-Ci4 ftlkyi and X is a water soluble onion;. X is a water soluble aniou
providing suitable charge balance to the quaternary ammonium cation. X is preferably
chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfonate, sulfate, more preferably chloride and bromide, most
preferably chloride anion,
The R moiety may be a mixture of C i2-Cl4 alkyl moieties or the R moiety may
comprise pure C|2, C{3> or €14 alkyl moieties or any mixtures thereof For the
purposes of the present invention no single alkyl moiety or combination of alkyl moieties
is preferred.
The Ci2"Cl4 alkyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium cationic
surfactant comprises at least 0.01%, preferably from about 0.0594 to about 3%, more
preferably from about 0.1% to about 3% by weight, of the composition. The ratio of the
the C 12*^14 *"*M dimethyl hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium cationio surfactant to
the modified polyamine is from about 0.1:1 to about 10:1. Other suitable cationic
materials Including fabric conditioning agents may be combined with the C\2-C\4 alkyl
dimethyl hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant of the present invention.
Pprvamme Dispersgnts
The* soil dispersent agents of the present invention are water-soluble or
dispersible, modified polyamines. These polyamines comprise backbones that can be
either linear or cydic. The polyamine backbones can also comprise polyamine branching
chains to a greater or lesser degree. In general, the polyamine backbones described
herein are modified in such a manner that each nitrogen of the polyamine chain is
thereafter described in term* of a unit that is substituted, quaternked, oxidized, or
combinations thereof
For the purposes of the present invention the term "modification" is denned as
replacing 4 backbone -NH hydrogen atom by an E unit (substitution), quaterniring a
backbone nitrogen (quaternized) or oxidizing a backbone nitrogen to the N-oxlde
(oxidized), lite terms 'modification* and "substitution* are used interchangeably when
referring to the process of replacing a hydrogen atom attached to a backbone nitrogen
with an E unit. Quatcmization or oxidation may take place in some circumstance*
without substitution, but substitution must be accompanied by oxidation or
quaternization of at least one backbone nitrogen.
The linear or non-cyclic polyairone backbones that comprise the cotton soil
release agents of the present invention have the general formula:
s*id backbones prior to subsequent modification, comprise primary, secondary and
tertiary ansaui iritrogeni coimected by R "linking" units. The cyclic poryamuw backbones
comprising the cotton soil release agents of the present invention have the general
formula-
R.
said backbones prior to subsequent modification, comprise primary, secondary and
tertiary amine nitrogens connected by R. "linking" units
For the purpose of the present invention, primary amine nitrogens comprising the
backbone or branching chain once modified are defined as V or Z "terminal" units. For
example, when a primary amine moiety, located at the end of the main polyamine
backbone or branching chain having the structure
is modified according to the present invention, it is thereafter defined as a V "terminal"
unit, or simply a V unit. However, for the purposes of the present invention, some or all
of the primary amine moieties can remain unmodified subject to the restrictions ftirther
described herein below. These unmodified primary amine moieties by virtue of their
position in the backbone chain remain "terminal" units. Likewise, when a primary amine
moiety, located at the end of the main polyamine backbone having the structure
is modified according to the present invention, it is thereafter defined as a Z "terminal"
unit, or simply a Z unit. This unit can remain unmodified subject to the restrictions
further described herein below.
In a similar manner, secondary amine nitrogens comprising the backbone or
branching chain once modified are defined as W "backbone" units. For example, when a
secondary amine moiety, the major constituent of the backbones and branching chains of
the present invention, having the structure
is modified according to the present invention, it is thereafter defined as a W "backbone"
unit, or simply a W unit. However, for the purposes of the present invention, some or all
of the secondary amine moieties can remain unmodified. These unmodified secondary
amine moieties by virtue of their position in the backbone chain remain "backbone" units.
In a further similar manner, tertiary amine nitrogens comprising the backbone or
branching chain once modified are further referred to as Y "branching" units. For
example, when a tertiary amine moiety, which is a chain branch point of either the
polyamine backbone or other branching chains or rings, having the structure
is modified according to the present invention, it is thereafter defined as a Y "branching"
unit, or simply a Y unit. However, for the purposes of toe pre* • nt invention, some or all
or the tertiary amine moieties can remain unmodified. These unmodified tertiary amine
moieties by virtue of their position in the backbone chain remain "branching" units. The
R. units associated with the V, W and Y unit nitrogens which serve to connect the
polyamine nitrogens, are described herein below.
The final modified structure of the polyamines of the present invention can be
therefore represented by the general formula
for linear polyamine cotton soil release polymers and by the general formula
for cyclic polyamine cotton soil release polymers. For the case of polyamine* comprising
rings, a Y unit of the formula
serves as a branch point for a backbone or branch ring. For every Y1 unit there is a Y
unit having the formula
(Formula Removed)
that will form the connection point of the ring to the main polymer chain or branch. In
tlw unique case where the backbone is a complete ring, the polyamine backbone has the
formula
(Formula Removed)
therefore comprising no 2 terminal unit and having the formula
wherein k i* the number of ring forming branching units. Preferably the polyamine
backboDM of the present invention comprise no rings
In the cave of non-cyclic polyamincs, the ratio of the index n to the index m
relatas-to the relative degree of branching. A folly non-branched linear modified
polyamine according to the present invention has the formal*
that in, n ia equal to 0. Th* greater the value of n (the lower the ratio of m to A), the
greater the degree of branching in th« molecule. Typically the value fbrm ranges from a
minimum value of 4 to about 400, however larger values of m, especially when the value
of the index n i* very low or nearly 0, are also preferred.
Hack poryanune nitrogen whether primary, secondary or tertiary, once modified
according to the present invention, is further defined as being a member of one of three
general classes, simple substituted, quatemized or oxidized. Those polyamine nitrogen
units not modified ire classed into V, W, Y, or Z units depending on whether they are
primary, secondary or tertiary nitrogens. That i$ unmodified primary amine nitrogens are
V or Z units, unmodified secondary amine nitrogens are W units and unmodified tertiary
amine nitrogens are Y units for the purposes of the present invention
Modified primary amine moieties are defined as V "terminal" units having one of
three forms:
a) simple substituted units having the structure:
(Formula Removed)
b) quatemized units having the structure:
wherein X IK a suitable counter ion providing charge balance; and
c) oxidized units having the structure:
Modified secondary amine moieties are defined as Wbackbone" units having
one offhreg forms:
a) simple substituted units having the structure:
b) quatemized units having the structure:
(Formula Removed)
wherein X is a suitable counter ion providing charge balance; and
c) oxidized units having the structure:
Modified tertiary amine moieties are defined as Y "branching" units hiving one of
three forms
a) unmodified units having the structure:
b) quaternized units having the structure:
wherein X is a suitable counter ion providing charge balance; and
c) oxidized units having the structure:
Certain modified primary amine moieties are defined as Z "terminal" units having
one of three forms:
a) simple substituted units having the structure:
b) quaterni2ed units having the structure:
E
t
wherein X is a suitable counter ion providing charge balance; and
c) oxidized units having the structure:
When any position on a nitrogen is unsubstiruted of unmodified, it is understood
that hydrogen will substitute for E. For example, a primary amine unit comprising one E
unit in the form of a hydroxyethyl moiety is a V terminal unit having the formula
For the purposes of the present invention there are two types of chain terminating
units, the V and Z units. The Z "terminal" unit derives from a terminal primary amino
moiety of the structure -NH2- Non-cyclic polyamine backbones according to the present
invention comprise only one Z unit whereas cyclic polyamines can comprise no Z units.
The Z "terminal" unit can be substituted with any of the E units described ftirther herein
below, except when the Z unit is modified to form an N-oxide. In the case where the Z
unit nitrogen it oxidized to an N-oxide, the nitrogen must be modified and therefore E
cannot be a hydrogen.
The nolyamine* of the present invention comprise backbone R "linking11 units that
serve to connect the nitrogen atoms of the backbone. R units comprise units that for the
purpose* of the present invention are referred to as "hydrocarbyJ R" units and "oxy R"
unit*. Th* "nydrocarbyl* R units ire C2-C\2 alkylene, C4-Cj2 alkenylftne, Cj-C^
hydroxyalkyiene wherein th« hydroxyl moiety may take any position on the R. unit chain
except the carbon atoms directly connected to the polyamine backbone nitrogens; C C}2 dihydroxyalkylcne wherein the hydroxyl moieties may occupy any two of the carbon
atoms of the R unh chain except those carbon atoms directly connected to the polyamine
backbone nitrogens, Cg-Cj2 dialkylarykne which for the purpose of the present
invention are arylene moieties having two alkyl substituertt groups as part of the linking
chain. For example, a dialkylaryiene unit has the formula
or
although the unit need not be ^-substituted, but can also be 1,2 or 1,3 substituted €2-
C12 alkylene, preferably ethyiene, 1,2-propylene, and mixtures thereof, more preferably
ethylcne. The "oxy* Runhs comprise -(R^O^R5 (OR1 ^
CH2CH(OR2)CH20)zCR10)yRl{OCH3CH(OR2)CH2)vrf -CH2CH(OR2)CH2-, -
(R^O^R*-, and mixture* thereof. Preferred R units ara C2-Ci2 alkylene, Cj-C^
hydroxyalkylenet C^-C\2 dlnydroxyalkylene, Cg-C^ dialkylaryiene, -{R1O))CR1-, -
CH2CH(OR2)CH2-t -(CH2CHCOH)CH20)z(RlO)yR1COCH2CH-{OH)CH2>w-, *
(RiO)xRs(Olll),r, more preferred R units are C2-Ci2 alkylene, C3-Ci2 hydroxyalkylene,
C4-C ] 2 dihydroxyalkylene, -(R^^R1-, -(RiO^R^fOR1^-,
(CH2CH(OH)CH2O)2 more preferred R units are C2~Ci2 alkylene, €3 hydroxyaOcylene, and mixture* thereof;
most preferred are C2-C& alkylene. The most preferred backbones of the present
invention comprise at least 50% R unite that are ethylene.
R1 units are C2*Cc alkylene, and mixtures thereof; preferably ethylene, R2 i*
hydrogen, and *(R^O)XB, preferably hydrogen.
R5 is C^-C jg aikyl» C?-C|2 arylalkyiene, C7-Ci2 alkyl jRibstituted aryl, Cg-Ci2
aryl, and mixtures thereof, preferably Cj-C j2 alkyl, C7-Ci2 aryUdkylenc, more
preferably Ci*Ci2 >lkyl. most preferably methyl. R* units serve as part of E units
described herein below.
R4 ia Ci-Ci2 «lkyte«* C4-Ct2 alkenylene, Cg-Ci2 aryUUfcylene,. C^-Cio
arytene, prefertbly Cj-Cio alkylene, Cg-Ci2 arylalkyiene, more preferably C2-Cg
alkyhMt, most prt&rably cthyUm* or butylene.
-CH2CH(OH>CH2-, R5 is preferably ethylene. -C(O>, -C(O)NHR*NHC(OK
more
R> is C2-Ci2 alkylene or Co-Ci2 arylene.
The preferred *vvf R units are farther defined in terms of the R1. R2, and R$
unite. Preferred "Oxy* R units comprise the preferred R1, R*. and R* units. The
preferred cotton soil release agents of the present invention comprise at least 50% Rl
units that are ethylene, Preferred R\ R2, and R5 unite are combined with the "oxy" R
units to yield the preferred *oxyn R units in the following manner
i) Substituting more preferred Rs into
ii) Substituting preferred R.1 and R2 into
Substituting preferred R^ „«{, -CH2CH(OR2KH2- yield*
E units are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen. C]-C22 s&yt, Cj-
CH(CH2C02MX:O2Mt -{CH^pPOaM, -(R^)^, -C(O)R3, preferably hydrogen,
C2-C22 hydroxyalkyiene, benzyl, Ci~C22 alkylene, ^RiQ)^, -C(O)R3
1 -
(CH2)pCO2H alkyleae, -(R^^B, -C(O)R3
> -(CH2)pC02M, -CCH2)qSO3M,
CH(CH2CO2M)C02M, most preferably 0^022 »U=ylBne, -{H^Q^B, and
C(O)R3 . When no modification or substitution is made on a nitrogen then hydrogen
atom wflJ remain as the moiety representing E.
E unta do not comprise hydrogen atom when the V, W or Z unite are oxidized,
that irdMt nitrogen* are N-oxides. For example, the backbone chain or branching chains
do not comprise untt$ of the following structure:
(Formula Removed)
Additionally, E units do not comprise carbonyl moieties directly bonded to a
nitrogen atom when the V, W or Z units arc oxidized, that is, the nitrogens are N-oxides.
According to the present invention, the E unit -C(O)R3 moiety is not bonded to an Noxide
modified nitrogen, that IB, there are no N-oxide amide* having the structure
0 O
R3-C-N— R or — N— C-R3
or combinations thereof
B is hydrogen, Ci-Ctf alkyl -(CH2)qSO3M, hydrogen, -{CH2)qSO3M, -(CH^CHSOsKOCHiSOsM, -(CH2)q-
(CHS02M)CH2SO3M, more preferably hydrogen or -{CHa^SOjM.
M is hydrogen or & water soluble cation in sufficient amount to satisfy charge
balance. For example, a sodium cation equally satisfies -{CH2)pC02^ and
(CH2>qSO}M, thereby resulting in -(CH2)pCO2Na, and 3Na moieties.
More than one monovalent cation, (sodium, potassium, etc.) can be combined to satisfy
the required chemical charge balance. However, more than one inionic group may be
charge, balanced by a divalent cation* or more than one mono-valent cation may be
accessary to satisfy the charge requirements of a poly-anionic radical. For example, a -
(OH^pK^M moiety substituted with sodium atoms has the formula -(CH2)pPO3Na3.
Divalent cations such as calcium (Ca2+) or magnesium (Mg2*) may be substituted for or
combined with other suitable mono-valent water soluble cations. Preferred cations are
sodium and potassium, more preferred is sodium.
X i* * water soluble anion such as chlorine (Cl")» bromine (Br) and iodine
2-) and meihosuitate
The formula indices have the following values: p has the value from 1 to 6, q has
the value fromO to 6; r has the value 0 or l;w has the value 0 or 1, x has the value from
I to 100;y haathe value from 0 to 100; z has the value DOT Ukfe less than or equal to
the value of n; m has the value from 4 to about 400, it has the value from 0 to about 200;
m + ft has the value of at least S.
o
The preferred cotton soil release agents of the present invention comprise
polyamine backbones wherein less than about 50% of the R groups comprise "oxy" R
units, preferably less than about 20% , more preferably less than 5%, most preferably
the R units comprise no "oxy" R units.
The most preferred cotton soil release agents which comprise no "oxy" R unit*
comprise polyamin* backbones wherein less than 50% of the R groups comprise more
than 3 carbon atoms. For example, ethylene, 1,2-propylene, and 1,3-propylene comprise
3 or less carfxm atoms and are the preferred "hydrocarbyT R units. That is when
backbone R. units are C2-C12 alkylene, preferred is C2-C3 alkylene, most preferred is
ethylene.
The cotton soil release agents of the present invention comprise modified
homogeneous and non-homogeneous polyamine backbones, wherein 100% or less of the
~NH units are modified, for the purpose of the present invention the term
"homogeneous polyamine backbone" is defined as a polyamine backbone having R units
that ar» the same (i.e., all ethylene). However, this sameness definition does not exclude
polyaraines that comprise other extraneous units comprising the polymer backbone
which are present due to an artifact of the chosen method of chemical synthesis. For
example, it is known to those skilled in the an that ethanolamine may be used as an
"initiator* in the synthesis of potyethylenelnunes, therefore a sample of polyethyteneunine
that comprises one hydroxyethyl moiety resulting from the polymerization "initiator"
would be considered to comprise a homogeneous polyamine backbone for the purposes
of the present invention. A polyamine backbone comprising all ethylene R units wherein
no branching Y units are present is a homogeneous backbone. A polyamine backbone
comprising all ethylene R units is a homogeneous backbone regardless of the degree of
branching or the number of cyclic branches present.
For the purposes of the present invention the term "non-homogeneous polymer
backbone* refers to poh/vmne backbones that are a composite of various R unit lengths
add RimH types. For example, a non-homogeneous backbone comprises R units that are
a mixture of ethylene and 1,2-propylene units. For the purposes of the present invention
a mixture of *hydrocarbyl" and "oxy* R units is not necessary to provide a nonhomogeneous
backbone. The proper manipulation of these "R unit chain lengths*
provides the formutator with the ability to modify the sohibflfcy and febric substantivity
of the cotton soil release agents of the present invention.
Preferred cotton toil release polymers of the present invention comprise
homogeneous polyainine backbones that are totally or partially substituted by
poiyethyleneoxy moieties, totally or partially quatemized amines, nitrogens totally or
partially oxidized to N-oxid**, and mixtures thereof However, not all backbone amine
nitrogens must b« modified In the same manner, the choice of modification being left to
the specific need* ofthe rbrmulator. The degree of ethoxylation is also determined by
the specific requirement* ofthe formulator.
The preferred polyamines that comprise the backbone ofthe compounds ofthe
present invention are generally polyalkyleneamines (PAA's), polyalkyieneonines (PAI's),
preferably polyethyteneamine (PEA's), polyethyleneimines (PETs), or PEA'j or PEr*
connected by moieties having longer R units than the parent PAA's, P ATs, P£A's or
PEI's. A common polyalkvteneamine (PAA) is tetrabutylenepentainine. PEA's are
obtained by reactions involving ammonia and ethylene dichloride, followed by fractional
distillation. The common PEA's obtained are tnethylenetetramine (TETA) and
teraethylenepentanune (TEPA). Above the pentamines, i.e octamines and possibly nonamines, the cogenerically derived mixture does not appear to
separate by distillation and can include other materials such as cyclic amines and
particularly pipermzines. There can also be present cyclic amines with side chains in
which nitrogen atoms appear. See U.S. Patent 2,792,372, Dickinsoa issued May 14,
1957, which describes the preparation of PEA's.
Preferred imine polymer backbones comprise R units that are C% alkylene
(ethytene) units, also known as poryethytenimines (PEI's). Preferred PEFs have at least
moderate branching, that is the ratio of rti to n is kss than 4:1, however PEI's having a
ratio of m to n of about 2. 1 are most preferred. Preferred backbones, prior to
modification hav« the general formula:
(Formula Removed)
wherein m and n are tha same as defined herein above. Preferred PEFs, prior to
modification, wifl have a molecular weight greater than about 200 daltonfi.
The relative proportions of primary, secondary and. tertiary amine units in the
polyamine backbone, especially in the case of PETa, will vary, depending on the manner
of preparation. Each hydrogen atom attached to each nitrogen atom ofthe polyamine
backbone chain represents a potential site for subsequent substitution, quaternizHtion or
oxidation.
These polyamlnes cam be prepared, for example, by polymerizing ethyleneiinine in
the presence of a catalyst such as carbon dioxide, sodium bisulfite, sulfuric add,
hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, etc. Specific methods for preparing
these polyamine backbones are disclosed in U.S. Patent 2,182,306, Ulrich et al., issued
December 5. 1939, U.S. Patent 3,033,746, Mayle et al., issued May 8. 1962; U.S. Patent
2,208,095, Esselmann et al., issued July 16, 1940; U.S. Patent 2.806,839. Crowther,
issued September 17, 1957; and US. Patent 2.553,696, Wilson, issued May 21, 195 1; all
herein incorporated by reference.
Examples of modified cotton soil release polymers of the present invention
comprising PETs, are illustrated in Formulas I * IV:
Formula I depicts a cotton soD release polymer comprising a PEI backbone
wherein all substmitabl* nitrogens are modified by replacement of hydrogen with a
polyoxyalkyieneoxy unit, -{CH^CHjO^H, having the formula
(Formula Removed)
Formula I
This an example of a cotton soil release polymer that is fully modified by one type of
moiety.
—Formula n depicts a cotton soil release polymer comprising a PEI backbone
wherein all substttuUble primary amine nitrogens are modified by replacement of
Hydrogen with t polyoxyalkyteneoxy unit, -(CE^CH^Oy/H, the molecule id then
modified by subsequent oxidation of all oxidizable primary and secondary nitrogens to
said cotton soil release agent having the formula
(Formula Removed)
Formula n
Formula m depict j a cotton soil release polymer comprising a PEI backbone
wherein all backbone hydrogen atoms are substituted and some backbone amine units are
quateraized. The substituents are polyoxyalkyleneoxy units* -(CtfrjCHkO^H, or methyl
groups. The modified PEI cotton soil release polymer has the formula
Formula HI
Formula IV depicts a cotton soil release polymer comprising a PEI backbone
wh*r*UFthe~ backbone nitrogens an modified by substitution (Ue, by -7H or
m«thyi), quaternized, oxidized to N-oxtdes or combinations thereof. The resulting
cotton soil release polymer has the formula
(Formula Removed)
FonnuU IV
In llie ibov* examples, not alt nitrogens of a unit class comprise the same
modification. The present invention allows, the formulator to have 4 portion of the
secondary amine nitrogen* ethoxylated while having other secondary amine nitrogens
oxidized to K oxides. This also applies to the primary amine nitrogens, in that the
formulator may choose to modify all or a portion of (He primary amioe nitrogens with
one or more substitucnts prior to oxidation or quaternization. Any possible combination
of E groups can be substituted on the primary and secondary amine nitrogens, except for
the restrictions described herein above.
Preferred Soil Release Ayent
In addition to the polyamme dispersent, suitable soil release agents are preferably
combined with the cationic surfactant. For the purposes of the present invention the
preferred soil release polymer is described herein below.
The preferred non-cotton soil release agent according to the present invention
comprises
A) at least about 10% by weight of a substantially linear sulfon&ted polyethoxy/
propoxy end-capped ester having molecular weight ranging frorp
__ about 500 to about 8.000, said ester consisting essentially of on a molar
basis:
i) from about 1 to about 2 males of sulfonated poly ethoxy/propoxy
end-cupping units of the formula:
wherein M is a salt-forming cation such as sodium of
tertraalkylammonium, m is 0 or 1. R is ethykne, propylene, and
mixtures thereof, and n is fro 0 to 2; and mixtures thereof;
ii) from about 0.5 to about 66 moles of units selected from the group
consisting of;
a) oxyethyleneoxy units;
b) a mixture of oxyethyleneoxy and oxy- 1 ,2,-propyleneoxy
units wherein said oxyethyleneoxy unit* we present in an
oxyethyieneoxy of Oxy-lf2-propyleneoxy mole ratio
ranging from O.S: 1 to about 10:1; and
c) a mixture of a) or b) with poly(oxyethylene)oxy units have
a degree of polymerization of from 2 to 4; provided that
when said poly(oxyethylene)oxy units have a degree of
polymerization of 2, the mole ratio of
poly(oxyethylene)oxy units to total group ii) units ranges
fro 0:1 to 0.33: 1; and when said poly(oxyethylene)oxy
units have a degree of polymerization of 3; the mole ration
of poly(oxyethytene)oxy units to total group it) units
ranges from 0:1 to about 0.22:1; and when said
poly(oxyethyleine)o)cy units have a degree of
polymerization equal to 4, the mole ratio of
poh/(oxyethylene)oxy units to total group ii) units ranges
from 0:1 to about 0.1 4:1;
iii) from about 1.5 to about 40 moles of terephthaloyl units; and
iv) from 0 to about 26 moles of 5~3Ulphophthaloyl unit* of the
formula:
— wherein M is a salt forming cation; and
B) fix>m about 0,5% to about 20% by weight of ester, of one or more
crystallization-reducing stabilizers.
Stabilizers useful in this invention should be water soluble or water dispersible.
The stabilizing agents that are useful herein include sulfonate-type bydrotropes, linear or
branched alkyfbenzenesulfonates, paraffin ajsulfonates, and other thermally-stable alfcyi
sulfonate variations with from about 4 to about 20 carbon atoms. Preferred agents
include sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium cumenesulfonate, sodium
toluenesulfonate, sodium xylenesulfonate, and mixtures thereof. When higher levels of
stabilizers ar« used, mixtures of hydrotropes and/or other stabilizers are preferred over
pure components to insure full integration into the oligoraer and to reduce the possibility
of crystallization of the stabilizer.
In general, the level of such agents should be kept u low as possible while
providing the primary benefit, i.e.. the reduction In the amount of crystallization that the
soil release agent undergoes during manufacture, storage and when introduced to the
wash liquor, the composition may comprise from about 0.5% to about 20% stabilizer.
Most preferably, these ester compositions comprise an amount sufficient to reduce the
crystallization of the oligomer during manufacture and when introduced to the wash
liquor, i.e., at least 3% by weight.
The above described soil release agent is disclosed in U.S. 5,415,807, Gosselinlc
etal,, issued May 16,1995.
The compositions herein can optionally include one or more other detergent
adjunct materials or other materials for assisting or enhancing cleaning performance,
treatment of the substrate to be cleaned, or to modify the aesthetics of the detergent
composition (e.g., perftimes, colorants, dyes, etc.). The following are illustrative
examples of such adjunct materials.
Dgtersjvf Surfactants - Nonlimiting examples of surfactants useful herein
typically at level* from about 1% to about 55%, by weight, include the conventional
cl l-ClS •IM benzene sulfonates ("LAS") and primary, branched-chain and random
Cio-C20 alkyl sulfirtes ("AS"), the C10-C] g secondary (2,3) alkyl sutfates of the
formula CH3(CHj)x(CHOSO3"M"f") CH3 and CH3 (CH2)y where x and (y + 1) are Integers of at least about 7. preferably at least about 9, and Mia
a w*t«r~$Qlubi]rang canon, especially sodium, unsaturated sulfates such as oleyl gulfkte,
the Cjo-Cjg alkyl alkoxy sulfates ("AE^"; especially EO1-7 ethoxy sulfates),
Cjo-Grg Jdfcyi alkoxy carboxytate* (especially the EO 1-5 ethoxycaiboxylatesX the C IQ_
18 glycerol ethers, the Cio-C^g alkyl polyglycosides and their corresponding sulfated
polyglycosides, and C}2~Cl8 alpha-sulfonated fatty acid esters. If desired, the
conventional nonionic and amphoteric surfactants such as the Cja-C]g alkyl ethoxylates
("AE") including th* so-called narrow peaked alkyl ethoxylates and Ce-Ci2 alkyl phenol
alkoxylates (especially ethoxylates and mixed ethoxy/propoxy), C 12-^18 betaines and
sulfobetaines ("sultaines"), C io-C i g amine oxides, and the like, can also be included in
the overall compositions. The C i o-C \ s N-alkyl polyhydroxy fatty acid amides can also
be used. Typical examples include the C^-CigN-methylglucarnides. See WO
9,206,154 Other sugar-derived surfactants include the N-alkoxy polyhydroxy fatty acid
amides, such sis C^o-Cig N-(3-methoxypropyl) glucamide. The N-propyl through Nhexyl
C \ 2-C \ g glucamides can be used for low sudsing. C \ Q-C20 conventional soaps
may also be used. If high sudsing is desired, the branched used Mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants are especially useful. Other
conventional useful surfactants are listed in standard texts.
Other Ingredients - A wide variety of other ingredients useful in detergent
compositions can be included in the compositions herein, including other active
ingredients, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, dyes or pigments, solvents for liquid
formulations, solid fillers for bar compositions, etc. If high sudsing is desired, suds
boosters such «s the Cio-^16 alkanolamides can be incorporated into the compositions,
typically at 1%-10% levels. The CIQ-CIQ monoethanol and diethanot amides illustrate a
typical class of such suds boosters. Use of such suds boosters with high sudsing adjunct
surfactants such as the amine oxides, betaines and sultaines noted above is also
advantageous. If desired, soluble magnesium salts such as MgC^, MgSO^ and the like,
can be added at levels of, typically, 0. l%-2%, to provide additional suds and to enhance
grease removal performance.
Various detersive ingredients employed in the present compositions optionally
can be further stabilized by absorbing said ingredients onto a porous hydrophobic
substrate, then coating said substrate with a hydrophobio coating. Preferably, the
detersive ingredient is admixed with a surfactant before being absorbed into the porous
substrate. In use, the detersive ingredient is released from the substrate into the aqueous
washing liquor, where it performs its intended detersive function.
To illustrate this technique in more detail, a porous hydrophobic sflka (trademark
SIPERNAT DID, OeGussa) is admixed with a proteolytic enzyme solution containing
3%-5%-of C^,^ ethoxylated alcohol (EO 7) nonionic surfactant. Typically, the
enzyme/surfactant solution Is 2.5 X the weight of silica. The resulting powder is
dispersed with stirring in silicon* oil (various silicone oil viscosities in the range of 5OO-
12,500 can be used). The resulting silicone oil dispersion is emulsified or otherwise
added to the final detergent matrix. By this means, ingredients such as the
aforementioned enzymes, bleaches, bleach activators, bleach catalysts, photoactivators,
dyes, fluorescefs, fabric conditioners and hydrolyzable surfactants can be "protected11 for
use in detergents, including liquid laundry detergent compositions.
Liquid detergent compositions can contain water and other solvents as carriers.
Low molecular weight primary or secondary alcohols exemplified by methanol, ethanol,
propanoi, and isopropanol are suitable. Monohydric alcohols are preferred for
solubilizang surfactant, but polyols such as those containing from 2 to about 6 carbon
atoms and from 2 to about 6 hydroxy groups (e.g., 1,3-propanediol, ethylene glycol,
glycerin, and 1,2-propanediot) can also be used. The compositions may contain from 5%
to 90%, typically 10% to 50% of such carriers.
The detergent compositions herein will preferably be formulated such that, during
use in aqueous cleaning operations, the wash water will have a pH of between about 6.5
and about 11, preferably between about 7.5 and 10,5. Laundry products are typically at
pH 9-11 Techniques for controlling pH at recommended usage levels Include the use of
buffers, alkalis, acids, etc., and are well known to those skilled in thwart.
Enzymes - Enzymes can be included in the present detergent compositions for a
variety of £^eses>:acbdw««ta0^
tiiglyceride-based stains from surfaces such as textiles, for the prevention of refugee dye
transfer, for *?r§mple4n laundeRRgi- and fsrfebrio ratte»tian.--SyHaW«-Crtzyn*es indtide
^rutJEiiti, irtiylase*, u^»>i^-t^!Kes;

origin, such as vegetable, animal, bacterial, fungal and yeast origin. Preferred selections
are influenced by factors such as pH-activity and/or stability optima, thermostabiUty, and
stability to active detergents, builders and the like. In this respect bacterial or fungal
enzymes are preferred, such as bacterial amylases and proteases, and fungal cellulases.
"Detersive enzyme", as used herein, means any enzyme having a cleaning, stain
removing or otherwise beneficial effect in a laundry, hard surface cleaning or personal
care detergent composition. Preferred detersive enzymes are hydrolases such as
proteases, amylases and Upases. Preferred enzymes for laundry purposes include, but are
not ImitecHo, proteases, ceQuiases, Upases and peroxidascs.
Enzymes ar* normally incorporated into detergent or detergent additive
compositions at levels sufficient to provide a "cteanrng^ffective amount1*. The term
"cleaning effective amount* refers to any amount capable of producing a cleaning, stain
removal, soil removal, whitening, deodorizing, or freshness improving effect on
substrates such as fabrics. In practical terms for current commercial preparations, typical
amounts are up to about 5 mg by weight, more typically 0.01 mg to 3 mg, of active
enzyme p«r gram of the detergent composition. Stated otherwise, the compositions
herein will typically comprise from 0.001% to 5%, preferably 0.01 W-1% by weight of a
commercial enzyme preparation. Protease enzymes Are usually present in such
commercial preparations at levels sufficient to provide front 0.005 to 0.1 Anson units
(AU) of activity per gram, of composition. For certain detergents it may be deniable to
increase the active enzyme content of the commercial preparation in order to minimize
the total amount of non-catalytically active materials and thereby improve
spotting/filming or other end-results, Higher active levels nay also be desirable in highly
concentrated detergent formulations.
Suitable examples of protease* are tho subtilSains which are obtained from
particular strains of B. subtiUs and B. iichentfbrmis. One suitable protease is obtained
from a strain of Bacilbts, having maximum activity throughout the pH range of 8-12,
developed and sold ax ESPERASE® by Novo Industries A/S of Denmark, hereinafter
"Novo". The preparation of this enzyme and analogous enzymes i$ described in GB
1,243,7«4 to Novo. Other suitable protease* include ALCALASE® and SAVTNASE®
from Novo and MAXATASE® from International Bio-Synthetics, Inc., The
Netherlands; as well as Protease A as disclosed in EP 130,756 A, January 9, 1985 and
Protease B as disclosed in EP 303J61 A, April 28, 1987 and EP 130,756 A, January 9,
1985. See also a high pH protease from Bacillus sp, NCIMB 40338 described in WO
9318140 A to Novo. Enzymatic detergents comprising protease, one or more oilier
enzymes, and a reversible protease inhibitor are described in WO 9203529 A to Novo.
Other preferred proteases include those of WO 9510S9] A to Procter & Gamble. When
desired, a protease having decreased adsorption and increased hydrolysis is available as
described in WO 9507791 to Procter & Gamble. A recombinant trvpsin-like protease
for detergents suitable herein is described in WO 9425583 to Novo.
In more detail, an especially preferred protease, referred to as "Protease D" is a
carbooyt hydrolase variant having an amino acid sequence not found in nature, which is
derivccr frtftn a precursor carbonyi hydrolase by substituting 4 different amino add for a
plurality of amino acid residues at a position in said carbonyi hydrolase equivalent to
position +76, preferably also in combination with one or more amino acid residue
positions equivalent to those selected from the group consisting of+99, +101,4-103,
+104, +107, +123, +27, +105, +109, +126, +128, +135t +156, +166, +195, +197, +204,
+206, +210, +216, +217, +218, +222, +260, +265, and/or +274 Recording to the
(Formula Removed)
munbenng of Bacillus tmyfoliquefociens subtilisin, as described in WO 95/10615
published April 20, 1995 by Genencor International.
Useful pioteases are also described in PCT publications: WO 95/30010 published
Novenber 9, 1995 by The Procter &. Gamble Company; WO 95/30011 published
Novenber 9. 1995 by The Procter & Gamble Company; WO 95/29979 published
Novenber 9, 1995 by The Procter & Gamble Company
Amylases suitable herein include, for example, a-amylases described in GB
1,296,839 to Novo; RAPIDASE®, International Bio-Synthetics, Inc. and
TERMAMYL®, Novo FUNGAMYL from NOVO is especially useful. Engineering of
enzymes for improved stability, e.g., oxidative stability, is known. Sec, for example I.
Biological Chem , Vol 260, No. 11, June 1985, pp 6518-6521 Certain preferred
embodiments of the present compositions can make use of amylases having improved
stability in detergents, especially improved oxidative stability as measured against a
reference-point of TERMAMYL® in commercial use in 1993. These preferred amylases
herein share the characteristic of being "stability-enhanced" amylases. characterized, at a
minimum, by a measurable improvement in one or more of: oxidative stability, e.g., to
hydrogen peroxide / tetraacetylethyfenediamine in buffered solution at pH 9-10; thermal
stability, eg., at common wash temperatures such as about 6Q&C; or alkaline stability,
e.g., at a pH from about $ to about 11, measured versus the above-identified referencepoint
amylase. Stability can be measured using any of the art-disclosed technical tests.
See, for example, references disclosed in WO 9402597. Stability-enhanced amylases can
be obtained from Novo or from Genencor International One class of highly preferred
amylases herein have the commonality of being derived using site-directed mutageoesis
from one or more of the Boccittus amylases, especialy the Bacillus a-amylases,
regardless of whether one. two or multiple amjHase strains are the immediate precursors.
Oxidative stability-enhanced amylases vs. the above-identified reference amylase are
preferred for use, especially in bleaching, more preferably oxygen bleaching, as distinct
from chlorine bleaching* detergent compositions herein. Such preferred amylases include
(a) an amylas* according to the hereinbefore incorporated WO 9402597, Novo, Feb. 3T
1994. as further illustrated by a mutant in which substitution is made, using alandne or
threonine, preferably threonine, of the methionine residue located in position 197 of the
BMchenifarmis alpha-amylase, known as TERMAMYL®, or the homologous position
variation of a similar parent amylase, such as B. amytoliquefaciens, B,subtilis, or
Rstearottermophilu.$; (b) stability-enhanced amylases as described by Genencor
International in a paper entitled "Oxidatively Resistant alpha-Amylases" presented at the
207th American Chemical Society National Meeting, March 13-17 1994, by C.
Mhchinson. Therein it was noted that bleaches in automatic dishwashing detergents
Inactivate alpba-amyiases but that improved oxidative stability amylases have been made
by Gen«ncor from BMcheniformis NCIB8061. Methkmlne (Met) was identified as the
most likely residue to be modified. Met was substituted, one at a time, in positions 8,
15, 197,256, 304, 366 and 438 leading to specific mutants, particularly important being
M197L and M197T with the M197T variant being the most stable expressed variant.
Stability was measured in CASCADE® and SUNLIGHT®; (c) particularly preferred
amylwes herein include amylase variants having additional modification in the immediate
parent as described in WO 9510603 A and are available from the assignee, Novo, as
DURAMYL®. Other particularly preferred oxidative stability enhanced amylase include
those described in WO 9418314 to Genencor International and WO 9402597 to Novo.
Any other oxidative stability-enhanced amyla&e can be used, for example as derived by
she-directed inutagenesis from known chimeric, hybrid or simple mutant parent forms of
available amylases. Other preferred enzyme modifications are accessible. See WO
9509909 A to Novo.
CelMaseft usable herein include both bacterial and fungal types, preferably having a
pH optimum between 5 and 9.5. U.S. 4,435,307, Barbesgoaid et al, March 6,1984,
discloses suitable fungal celluloses from Humicola insolens orHttmicoto strain
DSM1800 or a cellulase 212-producing fungu* belonging to the genus Aeromonas, and
cellulose extracted from the hepatopancreas of a marine mollusk, Dolabetta Auricula
Sotander. Suitable cdlulases are also disclosed in GB-A-2.07S.028, GB-A-2.095.275
andDE-OS-2,247.832. CAREZVME® (Novo) i? specially useful. See also WO
9117243 to Novo.
Suitable lipase enzymes for detergent usage include those produced by
microorganisms of the Psfvdomonas group, such as Pseudomonas stutzeri ATCC
19.154ra» tflscldsed in OB 1,372,034. See also Upases in Japanese Patent Application
53,20487, laid open Feb. 24, 197S. This lipase is available from Amano Pharmaceutical
Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, under the trade name Lipase P "Amano," or "Amano-P."
Other suitable commercial lipases include Amano-CES, Upases ex Chromobacter
viscosum, e.g. Chramobacterviscostan var. lipofyti&im NRRLB 3673 from Toyo Joao
Co., Tagata, Japan; Chromobacttr viscosum lipases from U.S. Biochemical Corp.,
U.S.A. and Disoynth Co., TheKetherlands, and \\p*sG&exPseudomonasgfadiott.
(Formula Removed)
LIPOLASE® enzyme derived from Humicola lanuginasa and commercially available
from Novo, see also EP 341.947, is a preferred iipase for use herein. Lipase and
amylase variants stabilized against peroxidase enzymes are described in WO 9414951 A
to Novo. See alto WO 9205249 and RI> 94359044.
Cuunasc enzymes suitable for use herein are described in WO 8809367 A to
Genencor
Peroxidase enzymes may be used in combination with oxygen sources, e.g.,
percarbonate, perborate, hydrogen peroxide, etc., for "solution bleaching" or prevention
of transfer of'dyes or pigments removed from substrates during the wash to other
substrates present in the wash solution. Known peroxidases include horseradish
peroxidase, ligninase, and haloperoxidases such as chloro- or bromo-peroxidase.
Peroxidase-^nntairang detergent compositions are disclosed in WO 89099813 A,
October 19, 19?9 to Novo and WO 8909813 A to Novo.
A range of enzyme materials and means for their incorporation into synthetic
detergent compositions is also disclosed in WO 9307263 A and WO 9307260 A to
Genencor International, WO 8908694 A to Novo, and U.S. 3,553,139, January 5,1971
to McCarty et al. Enzymes we further disclosed in US. 4,101,457, Place et al, July 18,
1978, and in U.S. 4,507,219, Hughes, March 26,1985. Enzyme materials useful for
liquid detergent formulations, and their incorporation into such formulations, are
disclosed in U S. 4,261,868, Hora et al, April 14,1981. Enzymes for use in detergents
can be stabilized by various techniques. Enzyme stabilization techniques are disclosed
and exemplified in U.S. 3,600,319, August 17,1971, Gedge et al, EP 199,405 and EP
200,586, October 29,1986, Venegas. Enzyme stabilization systems, are also described,
for example, in U.S. 3,519,570. A useful Bacillus, sp. AC13 giving proteases, xyUnascs
and cdlulasea, it described in WO 9401532 A to Novo.
Enzyme; StabUjjzJng System . Enzyme-containing, including but not limited to, liquid
compositions, herein may comprise from about 0.001% to about 10%, preferably from
about* 00«% to about 8%, most preferably from about 0.01% to about 6%, by weight
of an enzyme stabilizing system. The enzyme stabilizing system can be any stabilizing
system which is compatible with the detersive enzyme. Such a system may be inherently
provided by other formulation actives, or be added separately, e.g., by the forraulator or
by a maniifkcturer of detergent-ready enzymes. Such stabilizing systems can, for
example, comprise calcium ion, boric acid, propylena glycol, short chain carboxylic
acids, boronic acids, and mixtures thereof, and are designed to address different
stabilization problems depending on the type and physical form of the detergent
composition.
One stabilizing approach is the use of water-soluble sources of calcium and/or
magnesium ions in the finished compositions which provide such ions to the enzymes.
Calcium ions are generally more effective than magnesium ions and are preferred herein
if only one type of cation Is being used. Typical detergent compositions, especially
liquids, will comprise from about 1 to about 30, preferably from about 2 to about 20,
more preferably from about 8 to about 12 miliimoles of calcium ion per liter of finished
detergent composition, though variation is possible depending on factors including the
multiplicity, type and levels of enzymes incorporated. Preferably water-soluble calcium
or magnesium salts are employed, including for example calcium chloride, calcium
hydroxide, calcium formate, calcium nutate, calcium maleate, calcium hydroxide and
calcium acetate; more generally, calcium sutfate or magnesium salts corresponding to the
exemplified calcium salts may be used. Further increased levels of Calcium and/or
Magnesium may of course be useful, for example for promoting the grease-cutting action
of certain types of surfactant.
Another stabilizing approach is by use of bortte species. See Severson, U.S.
4,537,706. Borate stabilizers, when used, may be at levels of up to 10% or more of the
composition though more typically, levels of up to about 3% by weight of boric acid or
other borate compounds such aa borax or onhoborate are suitable for liquid detergent
use. Substituted boric acids such as phenylboronic acid, butaneboronic acid, pbromophenylboronic
acid or the like can be used in place of boric add and reduced levels
of total boron in detergent compositions may be possible though the use of such
substituted boron derivatives.
Stabilizing systems of certain cleaning compositions may further comprise from 0
to about 10%, preferably from about 0.01% to about 6% by weight, of chlorine bleach
scavengers, added to prevent chlorine bleach species present in many water supplies
fhno-MCaekmg and inactivating the enzymes, especially under alkaline conditions. While
chlorine levels in water may be small* typically in the range from about 0.5 ppm to about
1,75 ppm, the available chlorine in the total volume of water that comes in contact with
the enzyme, for example during fabric-washing, can be relatively large; accordingly,
enzyme stability to chlorine in-use is sometimes problematic. Since perborate or
percaibonaie, which have the ability to react with chlorine bleach, may present in certain
of the instant compositions in amounts accounted for separately from the stabilizing
system, the use of additional stabilizers against chlorine, may, most generally, not be
essential, though improved results may be obtainable (com their use. Suitable chlorine
scavenger unions arc widely known and readily available, and, if used, can be salts
containing ammonium cations with sulftte, bisulfite, thiosutfite, thiosulfate, iodide, etc.
Antioxidants such as carbarnate, ascorbate, etc., organic amines such as
ethylenediaminstetracetlc acid (EDTA) or alkali metal salt thereof, monoethanolamine
(ME A), and mixtures thereof can likewise be used. Likewise, special enzyme inhibition
systems can be incorporated such that different enzymes have maximum compatibility
Other conventional scavengers such as bisul&te, nitrate, chloride, sources of hydrogen
peroxide such as sodium perborate tetrahydrate, sodium perborate monohydrate and
sodium pcrcarlxmate, as well as phosphate, condensed phosphate, acetate, benzoate,
citrate, formate, lactate, rnatate, tartrate, saltcylate, etc., and mixture* thereof can be
used if desired In general, since the chlorine scavenger function c*a be performed by
ingredients separately listed under better recognized {Unctions, (e.g., hydrogen peroxide
sources), there ss no absolute requirement to add a separate chlorine scavenger unless a
compound performing that fUnctkm to the desired extent is absent from an enzymecontaining,
embodiment of the invention; even then, the scavenger is added only for
optimum results. Moreover, the formulator wilt exercise » chemist's normal skill in
avoiding the use of any enzyme scavenger or stabilizer which is majorly incompatible, as
formulated, with other reactive ingredients, if used. In relation to the use of ammonium
salts, such salts can be simply admixed with the detergent composition but are prone to
adsorb water and/or liberate ammonia during storage. Accordingly, such materials, if
present, are desirably protected in a particle such a$ that described in US 4,652,392,
Baginsid et al.
Bleaching Compounds - Bleaching Agent* an^ pleach Act^va^ors • The: detergent
compositions herein may optionally contain bleaching agents or bleaching compositions
containing a bleaching agent and one or more bleach activators. When present,
bleaching agents will typically b* at levels of from about 1% to about 30%, more
typically from about 5% to about 20%, of the detergent composition, especially for
fabric laundering. If present, the amount of bleach activators will typically be from about
0.1% to about 60%, more typically from about 0,5% to about 40% of the bleaching
composition comprising the bleaching agent-plus-bleach activator.
The bleaching agents used herein can be any of the bleaching agents useful for
detergent compositions in textile cleaning that are now known or become known. These
include oxygen bleaches as well as other bleaching agents. Perborate bleaches, e.g t
sodium perborate (e.g., mono- or tetra-hydrate) can be used herein,
Another category of bleaching agent that can be used without restriction
encompasses percarboxylk acid bleaching agents and salts thereof. Suitable examples of
this class of agents include magnesium monoperoxyphthalate oexahydnte, the
magnesium salt of metachloro perbenzolc acid, 4-nonytamino-4-oxoperoxybutyric acid
and diperoxydodecanedioic acid Such bleaching agents are disclosed in U.S. Patent
4.483,781, Hartman, issued November 20, 1984, U.S. Patent Application 740,446,
Burns et al, Sled June 3, 1985, European Patent Application 0.133,354, Banks et at,
published February 20,1935, and US Patent 4,412,934, Chung et al, issued November
1, 1983. Highly preferred bleaching agents also include 6»nonyiamino-&
oxoperoxycaproic acid as described in U.S. Patent 4,634,551. issued January 6,1987 to
Burro et aL
Peroxygen bleaching agents can also be used. Suitable peroxygen bleaching
compounds include sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate and equivalent "percarbonste*
bleaches, sodium pytophosphate peroxyhydrate, urea peroxyhydrate, and sodium
peroxide, Petsulfate bleach (e.g., OXONE, manufactured commercially by DuPont) can
also be used.
A preferred percarbonate bleach comprises dry particles having an average
particle size in the range from about 500 micrometers to about 1,000 micrometers, not
more than about 10% by weight of said particles being smaller than about 200
micrometers and not more than about 10% by weight of said particles being larger than
about 1,250 micrometers. Optionally, the percarbonate can be coated with silicate,
borate or water-soluble surfactants. Percarbonate is available from various commercial
sources such as PMC. Solvay and Tokai Denka.
Mixtures of bleaching agents can also b* used.
Peroxygen bleaching agents, the perborates, the percarbonates, etc., are
prefertfily combined with bleach activators, which lead to the in situ production in
aqueous solution (Le., during the washing process) of the peroxy add corresponding to
the bleach activator. Various nonlimiting examples of activators are disclosed in U.S.
Patent 4,915,854, issued April 10,1990 to Mao et al, and U,S, Patent 4,412,934. The
nonanoyloxvbenzene sulfbnate (NOBS) and tetraacetyl ethytene diarnine (TAEO)
activators are typical, and mixtures thereof can also be used. See also U.S. 4,634,551
for other typical bleaches and activators useful herein.
Highly preferred amido-derivcd bleach activators are those of the formulae:
R»N(R5)C(0>R2C(0)L or R*C(O)N(R5)R.2C(Q)L
wherein Rl is an attcyl group containing from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, R^ is an
alfcylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R5 is H or alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl
containing from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and L is any suitable leaving group.
A leaving group is any group that 1* displaced from the bleach activator a* a
consequence of th« nucleophilic attack on the bleach activator by the perhydrolysis
anion A preferred leaving group is phenyl sulfanate,
Preferred examples of bleach activators of the above formulae include (6-
oct*narrudo-caproyl)oxybenzene*ulfonate, (6^nonanarnidocaproyl)oxybenzenesulfbnate,
(6-CAproyj)oxyben7*nesulfonate, and mixtures thereof as described in U.S.
Patent 4,634,551, incorporated herein by reference.
Another class of bleach activators comprises the benzoxazin-type activators
disclosed by Hodge et al in US, Patent 4,966,723, issued October 30, 1990,
incorporated herein by reference. A highly preferred activator of the benzoxazin-type is:
Still another class of preferred bleach activators includes the acyl lactam
activators, especially acyl caprolactams and acyl valerolactams of the formulae:
0 C-CHr~ CH2 O C— CH2— H2 CHs
wherein R6 is H or an alkyl, aryt, alkoxyaiyi. or alkaryl group containing from 1 to about
12 carbon atoms. Highly preferred tactam activators include benzoyi caprolactam,
octtooyl caprolactam, 3,5,5-mmethylhexanoyl caprolactam, rtonanoyl caprolactam,
decanoyl caprolactam, undecenoyl caprolactam, benzoyl valerolactam, octanovl
valerolactam, decanoyl valerolactam, undecenoyl valerolactam, nonanoyl valerolactam,
3,5,5'trimcthyihexanoyl valerolactam and mixtures thereof. See also U.S. Patent
4,545,784, issued to Sanderson, October &, 1985, incorporated herein by reference,
which discloses acyl caprolactams, including benzoyl caprolactam, adsorbed into sodium
perborate
Bleaching agents other than oxygen bleaching agents are also known in the art
and can be utilized herein. One type of non-oxygen bleaching agent of particular interest
includes photoactivated bleaching agents such as the sulfonated zinc and/or aluminum
phthalocyanines. See U.S. Patent 4,033,718, issued July S, 1977 to Holcombe et at. If
used, detergent compositions will typically contain from about 0.025% to about 1 25%,
by weight, of such bleaches, especially sulfonate Tine phthalocyanine.
If desired, the bleaching compounds can be catalyzed by means of a manganese
compound. Such compounds are well known in the art and include, for example, the
manganese-based catalysts disclosed in U.S. Pat. 5,246,621, U.S. Pat. 5,244,594; U.S.
Pat. 5,194,416, U.S. Pat. 5,114,606; and European Pat. App. Pub. Nos. S49,271A1,
549.272A1, 544,440A2, and 544,490A1, Preferred examples of these catalysts include
MnIV2(u-O)3( 1 ,4,7-trimcthyl- 1 ,4,7-triazacyclononane)2(PF6)2, MnDIjCu-O)! (u-
OAc)2(!,4,7-trimethyi-l,4,7-triazaoyclononane)2.(ClO4)2. MnJV^u-O^MJtriazacydoiwiuuw)
n^(l,4 J-trimethyl-1 ,4,7-triazacyclononane)-
)t and mixtures thereof. Other metal-based bleach catalysts include those
disclosed in U.S. Pat. 4,430,243 and U.S. Pat. 5,114,611. The use of manganese with
various complex: Uganda to enhance bleaching is also reported in the following United
State* Patents: 4,728,455; 5,284,944; 5,246,612; 5,256,779; 5,280,117; 5,274,147;
5,153,161, and 5,227,084.
As a practical matter, and not by way of limitation, the compositions and
processes herein can be adjusted to provide on the order of at least one part per ten
million of the active bleach catalyst species in the aqueous washing liquor, and will
preferably provide from about 0.1 ppm to about 700 ppm, more preferably from about 1
ppm to about 500 ppm, of the catalyst species in the laundry liquor.
* Detergent builders can optionally be included in the compositions
herein to assist in controlling mineral hardness. Inorganic as well as organic builders can
be used. Builders are typically used in fabric laundering compositions to assist in the
removal of paniculate soils.
The level of builder can vary widely depending upon the end use of the
composition and its desired physical form. When present, the compositions will typically
comprise at least about 1% builder. Liquid formulations typically comprise from about
5% to about 50%, more typically about 5% to about 30%, by weight, of detergent
builder. Granular formulations typically comprise from about 10% to about 80%, more
typically from about 15% to about 50% by weight, of the detergent builder. Lower or
higher levels of builder, however, are not meant to be excluded.
Inorganic or P-containing detergent builder* include, but are not limited to, the
alkali metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts of polyphosphates (exemplified by
the tripolyphosphates, pyrophosphates, and glassy polymeric meta-phosphatcs),
phosphonates, phytic acid, silicates, carbonates (including bicarbonates and
sesquicarbonates), sulphates, and aluminosilicates. However, non*pho&phat6 builders are
required in some locales. Importantly, the compositions herein function surprisingly well
even in the presence of the so-called "weak" builders (as compared with phosphates)
such as citrate, or in the so-called "underbuilt" situation that may occur with zeolite or
layered silicate builders.
Examples of silicate builders are the alkali metal silicates, particularly those
having a SiO2-Na2O ratio in the range 1.6:1 to 3.2:1 and layered silicates, such as the
layered sodium silicates described in U.S. Patent 4,664,839, issued May 12,1987 to H.
P. Rieck. NaSKS-6 is the trademark for a crystalline layered silicate marketed by
Hoechst (commonly abbreviated herein as "SKS'6"). Unlike zeolite builders, the Na
SKS-6 silicate builder does not contain aluminum. NaSKS-6 has the detta-Na2SiO5
morphology form of layered silicate. It can be prepared by methods such as those
described in German DE-A-3,417,649 and DE-A-3,742,043. SKS-6 is a highly
preferred layered silicate for use herein, but other such layered silicates, such as those
having the general formula NaMSijjOjx+j -yE^O wherein M is sodium or hydrogen, x is
a number firont 1.9 to 4, preferably 2, and y tea number from 0 to 20, preferably 0 can be
used herein. Various other layered silicates from Hoechst include NaSKS-5, NaSKS-7
and NaSKS-11, aft the alpha, beta and gamma forms. As noted above, the delta-.
N^SiOs (NaSKS-6 form) is most preferred for use herein. Other silicates may also be
luefuHnch ax for example magnesium silicate, which can serve as ft crispenmg agent in
granular formulations, as a stabilizing agent for oxygen bleaches, and as a component of
suds control systems.
Examples of carbonate builders are the alkaline earth and alkali metal carbonates
as disclosed in German Patent Application No. 2,321,001 published on November 15,
1973.
Aluminosilieate builders are useful in the present invention. Aluminosilicate
builders are of great importance in most currently marketed heavy duty granular
detergent compositions, and can also be a significant builder ingredient in liquid
detergent formulations. Aluminosilicate builders include those having the empirical
formula:
Mz(zAl02)y] xH20
wherein t and y are integers of at least 6, the molar ratio of z to y is in the range from
1.0 to about 0.5, and x is an integer from about 15 to about 264.
Useful aluminoalicate ion exchange materials *re commercially available. These
aluminosilicaten can be crystalline or amorphous in structure and can be naturallyoccurring
aluminosilicate* or synthetically derived. A method for producing
ataminosilieate ton exchange materials is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,985,669, Krummel,
et al, issued October 12, 1976. Preferred synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate ion
exchange materials useful herein are available under the designations Zeolite A, Zeolite P
(B), Zeolite MAP and Zeolite X In an especially preferred embodiment, the crystalline
aluminosilicate ion exchange material has the formula:
wherein x is from about 20 to about 30, especially about 27. This material is known as
Zeolite A Dehydrated zeolites (x - 0 - 10) may also be used herein. Preferably, the
aluminosilicate has a particle size of about 0. 1-10 microns in diameter.
Organic detergent builders suitable for the purposes of the present invention
include, but are not restricted to, a wide variety of polycarboxylate compounds. As used
herein, "polycarboxylate" refers to compounds having a plurality of carboxylate groups,
preferably at least 3 carboxylates. Polycarboxylate builder can generally be added to the
composition in acid form, but can also be added in the form of a neutralized salt. When
utilized in salt form, alkali metals, such as sodium, potassium, and lithium, or
alkanotammonium salts are preferred.
— Included among the polycarboxylate builders are a variety of categories of useful
materials. One important category of polycarboxylate builders encompasses the ether
polycarboxylates, including oxydisuccinate, as disclosed In Berg, U.S. Patent 3,128,287,
issued April 7, 1964, and Lamberti et alf U.S. Patent 3,635,830, Issued January 18, 1972.
See also "TMS/TDS" buUders of U.S. Patent 4,663,071, issued to Bush et al, on May 5,
1987, Suitable ether polycarboxylates also include cyclic compounds, particularly
talicyclic
compounds, such as those described in U.S. Patents 3,923.679; 3,835,163;
4,158,635; 4,120,874 and 4,102.903.
Other useful detergency builders include the ether hydroxypolycarboxylates,
copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene or vinyl methyl ether, 1, 3, 5-trihydroxy
benzene-2, 4, 6-trisulphonic acid, and carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, the various alkali
metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of poly»c«tc acids such as
ethylenedianune tetraacetic acid and nitriiotriacetic acid, » well as polycarboxylates such
as metlitic acid, succinic add, oxydisucciiuc acid, polymaleic acid, benzene 1,3,5-
tticarboxylic acid, carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, and soluble salts thereof.
Citrate builders, e.g., citric acid and soluble salts thereof (particularly sodium
salt), are polycarboxylate builders of particular importance for heavy duty liquid
detergent formulations due to their availability from renewable resources and their
biodegradabilrty. Citrates can also be used in granular compositions, especially in
combination with zeolite and/or layered silicate builders. OxydUuccinates are also
especially useful In such compositions and combinations.
Also suitable in the detergent compositions of the present invention are the 3,3-
dicarboxy-4-oxa-l,6-hexanedioates and the related compounds disclosed in U.S. Patent
4,566,984, Bush, issued January 28, 1986. Useful succinic acid builders include the €5-
€20 olkyl &nd alkenyl succinic acids and salts thereof. A particularly preferred
compound of this type is dodecenyf succinic acid. Specific examples of succinate builders
include: laurylsuodnate, myristylsuccinate, palmitytsuccinate, 2-dodecenybuccinate
(preferred), 2-pentadecenybucdnate. and the like. Lauryisuccinates are the preferred
builders of this group, and are described in European Patent Application
86200690,5/0,200,263, published November 5, 1986.
Other suitable polycarboxylates are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4.144,226,
CrutchSeld «t at, issued March 13,1979 and in U.S. Patent 3,308,067, Dtehl, issued
March 7,1967, See also Diehi U.S. Patent 3,723,322.
—Fatty acidi, «.£., C^Cig monocarboxylic acids, can also be incorporated into
the compositions alone, or In combination with the aforesaid builders, especially citrate
and/or the succinate builders, to provide additional builder activity. Such use of fatty
acids will generally result in a diminution of sudsing, which should be taken into account
bythefbrmuUtor
In situations where phosphorus-based builders can be used, and especially in the
formulation of bars used for hand-laundering operations, the various alkali metal
phosphates Such as the wdl-lcnown sodium tripolyphosphates, sodium pyrophosphate
and sodium orthophosphate can be used Phosphonate builders such as ethane-1-
hydroxy-l.l-diphosphonate and other known phosphorates (see, for example, U.S.
Patents 3,159,581; 3,213,030; 3,422,021; 3,400,148 and 3,422,137) can also be u«sd.
gplymerfc Soil Release Agent - In addition to the preferred soil release agents
noted hereinbefore, known polymeric soil release agents, hereinafter "SRA", can
optionally be employed in the present detergent compositions. If utilized, SRA's will
generally compuse from 0.01% to 10.0%, typically from 0.1% to 5%, preferably from
02% to 3.0% by weight, of the compositions.
Preferred SRA's typically have hydrophilic segments to hydrophUize the surface of
hydrophobia fibers such as polyester and nylon, and hydrophobic segments to deposit
upon hydrophobic fibers and remain adhered thereto through completion of washing and
rinsing cycles, thereby serving u an anchor for the hydrophilic segments. This can
enable stains occurring subsequent to treatment with the SRA to be more easily cleaned
in later washing procedures.
SRA's can include a variety of charged, e.g., anionic or even cationic species, see
U.S. 4,956,447, issued September 11, 1990 to Gosselinfc, et al., as well as noncharged
monomer units, and their structures may be linear, branched or even star-shaped. They
may include capping moieties which are especially effective in controlling molecular
weight or altering the physical or surface-active properties. Structures and charge
distributions may be tailored for application to different fiber or textile types and for
varied detergent or detergent additive products.
Preferred SRA'* include oligomeric terephthalate esters, typically prepared by
processes involving at least one tnuwesterification/oligomerization, often with a metal
catalyst such as a thanium(TV) alkoxide. Such esters may be made using additional
monomer* capable of being incorporated into the ester structure through one, two, three,
four or more positions, without, of course, forming a densely crosslinked overall
structure.
Suitable SRA's include a sulfonated product of a substantially linear ester oligomer
comprised of an oligomeriq ester backbone of terephthaloyl and oxyattcyleneoxy repeat
units and allyUderived sulfonated terminal moieties covalentry attached to the backbone,
for example as described in US 4,968,451, November 6, 1990 to J.J. Scheibel and E.P.
Gosselink. Such ester oligomer* can be prepared by: (a) ethoxylating allyl alcohol; (b)
reacting the product of (a) with dimethyl terephthalate ("DMT") and 1,2-propylene
gfycol ("PG") in a two-stage transesterification/oligomerization procedure; and (c)
reacting the product of (b) with sodium tnetabisulfite in water. Other SRA's include the
nonionic end-capped 1,2-propylene/polyoxyethylene terephthalate polyesters of U.S.
4,711,730, December 8, 1987 to Gosseiink et al., for example those produced by
transcsterification/oligomerization of poly(ethyleneglycol) methyl ether, DMT, PG and
poly(ethylcncglycol) ("PEG"). Other examples of SRA's include: the partly- and fiillyanionic-
end-capped oligomeric esters of U.S. 4,721,580, January 26, 19S8 to Gosseiink,
such as oligomers from ethylene glycol ("EG"), PG, DMT and Na-3,6-dioxa-8-
hydroxyoctanesulfonate; the nonjonic-capped block polyester oligomeric compounds of
U.S. 4,702,857, October 27,1987 to Gosseiink, for example produced from DMT,
methyl (Me)-capp*d PEG and EG and/or PG, or a combination of DMT, EG andVor PG,
Me-capped PEG and Na-dlmethyl-5-sulfoisophthalate; and the anionic, especially
sulfoaroyl, end-capped terephthalate esters of U.S. 4,877,896, October 31, 1989 to
Maldonado, Gosseiink et al., the latter being typical of SRA's useful in both laundry and
fabric conditioning products, an example being an ester composition made from msulfobenj-
oic add monoBodium salt, PG and DMT, optionally but preferably further
comprising added PEG, e.g., PEG 3400,
SRA's also include: simple copolymeric blocks of ethylene terephthalate or
propylene terephthalate with polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide terephthalate,
see U.S. 3,959,230 to Hays. May 25. 1976 and U.S. 3,893,929 to Basadur, July 8, 1975;
ceilulosic derivatives such as the hydroxyether cellulosic polymers available as
METHOCEL from Dow, the Cj-C4 alkyi celluloses and C4 hydroxyalkyl celluloses, see
U.S. 4,000,093, December 28,1976 to Nicol, et al.; and the methyl cellulose ethers
having an average degree of substitution (methyl) per anhydroglucose unit from about
1.6 to about 23 and a solution viscosity of from about 80 to about 120 centipoise
measured at 20°C as a 2% aqueous solution. Such materials are available as
METOLOSR SM100 and METOLOSE SM200, which are the trade names of methyl
ceUuHfte ethers manufactured by Shin-etsu Kagaku Kogyo KK.
Suitable SRA's characterised by poly(vinyi ester) hydrophobe segments include
graft copoh/mers of pory(vinyl ester), *-g-, Ci-Cg vinyl esters, preferabry pory(vinyi
acetate), grafted onto polyalkykne oxide backbones. Sec European Patent Application 0
219 048, published April 22,1987 by Kud, et al. Commercially available examples
include SOKALAN SRA's such as SOKALAN HP-22, available from BASF, Germany.
Other SRA's are polyesters with repeat units containing 10-15% by weight of ethylene
terephthalate together with 80-90% by weight of polyoxyethyJen* terephthalate derived
from a potyoxyethylene glycol of average molecular weight 300.5,000, Commercial
examples include 2ELCON 5126 from Dupont and MHJEASE T from ICL
Another preferred SRA i$ an oligomer having empirical formula
(CAPh(EG/PG)s(T)$(SIP)i which comprises terephthaloyl (T), sulfoisophthaloyl (SIP),
oxyethyteneoKy and oxy-l,2-propyiene (EG/PQ) units and which is preferably terminated
with end-caps (CAP), preferably modified isethionates, as in an oligomer comprising one
sulfoisophthaloy] unit, 5 terephthaloyl unite, oxyethyieneoxy and oxy-l,2-propyieneoxy
units in a defined ratio, preferably about 0.5:1 to about 10:1, and two end-cap unite
derived from sodium 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-«thanesulfbimte, Said SRA preferably further
comprise* from 0.5% to 20%, by weight of the oligomer, of a crystaltinity-reducing
stabiliser, for example an anionic surfactant such as linear sodium
dodecylbeiuenesulfonate or a member selected from xylene-, cumene-, and totuenesulfonates
or mixtures thereof, these stabilizers or modifiers being introduced into the
synthesis vessel, all as taught in U.S. 5,415,807, Gosselittk. Pan, KeUett and Hall, issued
May 16,1995. Suitable monomers for the above SRA include Na-2-(2-hydroxyttthoxy)-
ethanesulfonate. DMT, Na-dimethyl-5-sulfoigophthalate, EG and PG,
Yet another group of preferred SRA's are oligomeric esters comprising; (1) a
backbone comprising (a) at least one unit selected from the group consisting of
dihydroxysulfonates, polyhydroxy iulfonates, a unit which is at let$t trifunctional
whereby ester linkages are formed resulting in a branched oligomer backbone, and
combinations thereof, (b) at least one unit which is a terephthaloyl moiety; and (c) at
least one unsulfonaled unit which is a 1,2-oxyalkyteneoxy moiety; and (2) one or more
capping units selected from luxuonic capping units, anionic capping units such as
alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, isethionates, alkcxylated propanesulfonates,
alfcoxylated ptopanedisulfonates, alkoxylated phenolsulfonates, sutfoaroyl derivatives
and mixtures thereof. Preferred art esters of the empirical formula;
wherein CAP, EG/PG, PEG, T and SIP are as defined hereinabove. (PEG) represents
dKoxyethytene)oxy units, (SEG) represents units derived from the sulfoethyl ether of
glycerin and related moiety units. (B) represents branching units which are at least
trifunetional whereby ester linkages are formed resulting in a branched oligomer
backbone, x is from about I to about 12, y is from about 0,5 to about 25, y" Is from 0 to
about J2, y~ is from 0 to about 10, y^y-Hy" totals from about 0.5 to about 25, z is from
about 1.5 to about 25, z1 is from 0 to about 12; z + z' totals from about 1.5 to about 25,
q is from about 0.05 to about 12; m is from about 0.01 to about 10, and x, y*, y", y, z,
z1, q and m represent the average number of moles of the corresponding units per mole
of said ester and said ester has a molecular weight ranging from about 500 to about
5,000
Preferred SEG and CAP monomers for the above esters include l4a-2-(2-,3-
dihydroxypropoxy)ethane8ulfonate ("SEG"), Na-2-{2-(2-hydroxyethoxy) ethoxy}
ethanesuifonate ("SE3") and its homologs and mixtures thereof and the products of
ethoxylating and sulfonating allyl alcohol Prererred SRA esters in this class include the
product of transesterifying and oligomerizinjg sodium 2-{2-{2-hydro*yethoxy)
ethoxy}«hanesulfonate and/or sodium 2-[2-{2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy}-
ethoxy]ethanesulfonate, DMT, sodium 2- and PG using an appropriate Ti{TV) catalyst and can be designated as
(CAP)2(T)5(E and B is a unit from glycerin and the mole ratio EG/PG is about 1.7:1 as measured by
conventional gas chromatography after complete hydrolysis.
Additional classes of SRA's include: (I) nonionic terephthalates using
diisocyanate coupling agents to link polymeric ester structures, see U.S. 4,201,824,
Vlollaod et al. and U.S. 4,240,918 Lagasse et al.; and (n) SRA's with carboxylate
terminal groups made by adding trimellitic anhydride to known SRA's to convert
terminal hydroxyf groups to truneQitate eaters. With the proper selection of catalyst, the
trimeUitic anhydride forms linkages to the terminals of the polymer through an ester of
the isolated carboxyiic acid of trimellitic anhydride rather tbaji by opening of the
anhydride linkage. Either nonionic or anionic SRA's may be used as starting materials as
long as they have hydroxyt terminal groups which may be esterified. See U.S. 4,525,524
Tung at al Other classes include: (M) anionic tenephthalate-based SRA's of the
ureth«no-Unked variety, see U.S. 4,201,824, Violland et al.; (TV) poly(vbyl caprolactam)
and rdued" co-polymers with monomers such as vinyl pyrrolidooe and/or
dimethylarninoethyt mcthacrylate, including both nonionic and cationic polymers, see
U.S 4,579,681, Ruppert et al.; (V) graft copolyraers. in addition to the SOKALAN
types from BASF, made by grafting acrylic monomers onto sulfonated polyesters. These
SRA's astertcdly have soil release and anti-redeposrtion activity similar to known
cellulose ethers: SM EP 279,134 A, 1988, to Rhone-Poulenc Chemie. Still other classes
include: (VI) grafts of vinyl monomers such as acrylic acid and vinyl acetate onto
proWsttis such as caseins, see EP 457,205 A to BASF (1991); and (VH) pofyexterpolyamide
SRA's prepared by condensing adipic acid, caproiactam, and polyethylene
gjycol, especially for treating polyamide fabrics, M« Bevan et a!., DE 2,335,044 to
Unilever N V., 1974. Other useftil SRA's are detcribed in U.S. Patents 4,240,918,
4,787,985) and 4,525, 524
ChelatiftjE Agenta - The detergent composition* herein miy *l$o optionally
contain one 01 more iron and/or manganese chelating agents. Such chelating agents can
be selected from the group consisting of ammo carboxylAt«t amino pho&phonates,
potyiunctionaUy>$ub«titutcd aromatic chelating agent* and mixtures therein, all as
hereinafter defined. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that the
benefit of these materials is due in part to their exceptional ability to remove iron and
manganese ions from washing solutions by formation of soluble chelates,
Amino carboxytetes useful as optional chelating agents include
Bthylenediaminetetrmcetatea, H-bydroxyethylethytenediaminctriacetate*, nitrilotriacetates,
cthylenediamUMJ tetraproprionates, triethylenetetraaminehexacetates,
dtethylenatriamtnepentaacetates, and ethanoldtglydnes, alkali metal, ammonium, and
substituted ammonium salts therein and mixtures therein,
Amino phosphorates are also suitable for use as dictating agent* in the
compositions of the invention when at tease low level & of total phosphorus are permitted
in detergent compositions, and include ethylenediamin«tetrakU (methytenephosphonates)
as DEQUES?, Preferred, these amino phosphorates to not contain alkyl or alkenyl
groups with more than about 6 carbon atoms.
PolyfunctionaQy-subrtitutod aromatic chelating agents are also useful in the
compositions herein, See U.S. Patent 3,812,044, issued May 21, 1974, to Connor et al
preferred compound* of this type in add form are dihydroxydiHdfblteitteaes such as 1,2-
dihydroxy
A preferred biodegradable chelator for us« herein is ethyfenediaroine, disuccinatc
("EEH5S"); especially th« [S.S] tsomer «s described in U.S. Patent 4,704,233, November
3, 1 987, to Hartman and Perkins.
If utilized, these chelating agents will generally comprise from about 0. \*A to
about 10% by weight of the detergent compositions hetdn. More preferably, if utilized,
the ch«kting agents will comprise from about 0. 1% to about 3 .0% by weight of such
compositions.
- The compositions of the present
invention can also optionally contain water-soluble ethoxyiated amines having clay soil
removal and anttredeposition properties. Granular detergent compositions which contain
these compounds typically contain from about 0,01% to about 10,0% by weight of the
water-soIuM* tthoxykte* amines; liquid detergent compositions typically contain about
0.01% to About 5%.
The most preferred soil release and anti-redeposition agent is «ho*ylated
tetiaethyleoepcntamine. Exemplary ethoxyiated amines are farther described in U.S.
Patent 4,597,898, VanderMeer, issued July 1, 1986. Another group of preferred clay
soil removaf-amiredepostion agents are the cationic compounds disclosed in European
Patent Application 1 1 1,965,, Oh and Gosselink, published June 27, 1984. Other clay soil
removal/antiredeposition agents which can be used include the ethoxyiated amine
polymers disclosed, in European Patent Application 1 1 1,984* Gosselink, published June
27V 1984; the zwitterionic polymers disclosed in European Patent Application 112,592,
Gosseimk, published July 4, 1984; and the amine oxides disclosed in U.S. Patent
4,548,744, Connor, issued October 22, 1985, Other day soil removal and/or ami
redeposition agents known in the art can also be utilized in the compositions herein.
Another type of preferred antiredeposition agent includes the carboxy methyl cellulose
(CMC) materials. These materials are well known in the art.
Polymeric Dispersing Agents - Polymeric dispersing agents can advantageously
be utilized at levels from about 0. 1% to about 7%, by weight, in the compositions herein,
especially in the presence of zeolite and/or layered silicate builders. Suitable polymeric
dispersing agents include polymeric porycarboxyiates and polyethylene glycols, although
others known In the art can also be used. It is believed, though it is not intended to be
limited by theory, that polymeric dispersing agents enhance overall detergent builder
performance, when used in combination with other builders (including lower molecular
weight polycarboxytates) by crystal growth inhibition, paniculate soil release pepttzatton,
and antMedeporition.
Polymeric polycarboxyfete materials can be prepared by polymerizing or
copolymerizhig suitable unsaturated monomers, preferably in their acid Sam.
Unsaturated monomeric acids that can be polymerized to form suitable polymeric
porycarboxyiates include acrylic add, m&leic acid (or malaic anhydride), fUrnaric acid;
itaconic acid, aconitic acid, mesacomc acid, citraconic add am) methylenemalonic acid.
The presence in trie polymeric porycarboxyiates herein or monomeric segments,
containing no earbaxylate radicals such as vinylrnethyl ether, styrene, ethylene, etc. is
suitable provided that such segments do not constitute more than about 40% by weight.
Particularly suitable polymeric polycarboxyiates can be derived from acrylic acid.
Such acrylic acid-based polymers which are useful herein are the water-soluble salts of
polymerized acrylic acid. The average molecular weight of such polymer* in the add
fonn prefisrably ranges from about 2,000 to 10,000, more preferably from about 4,000 to
7,000 and most preferably from about 4,000 to 5,000 Water-soluble salts of such
acrylic acid polymers can include, for example, the alkali metal, ammonium and
substituted ammonium salts Soluble polymers of this type are known materials. Use of
nolyaerylate* of this type in detergent compositions has been disclosed, for example, in
Diehl, US Patent 3,308,067, issued march 7,1967.
Acrylk/maJeic-based ccpolymers may also be used as a preferred component of
the dispersuig/anti-r«deposttion agent. Such materials include the water-soluble salts of
copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid. The average molecular weight of such
coporymefs in the acid form preferably ranges from about 2,000 to 100.000, more
preferably from about 5,000 to 75,000, most preferably from about 7,000 to 65,000,
The ratio of acryiate to maleate segments in such copolymers will generally range from
about 30:1 to about 1:1, more preferably from about 10:1 to 2:1. Water-soluble salts of
such Acrylic aeid/maieic acid copolymers can include, for example, the alkali metal,
ammonium and substituted ammoniurn salts. Soluble aoylate/maleate copolymera of this
type are known materials which are described in European Patent Application No.
66915, pubBshfid December 15,1981, as well as in EP 193,360, published September 3,
1986, which also describe* such polymers comprising hydroxypropylacrylate. Still other
useful dispersing agents include the maleic/acrylic/vinyl alcohol iwpolymers. Such
material* are also disclosed in EP 193,360, including, for example, the 45/45/10
terpotymtr of acrvttc/maktc/vinyl alcohol.
Another polymeric material which can be included is polyethylene glycot (PEG).
PEG ism. exhibit dispersing agent performance as well as act as a clay soil removalantiredeposition
agent. Typical molecular weight ranges for these purposes range from
about 500 to about 100,000, preferably from about 1,000 to about 50,000, more
preferably from about 1,500 to about 10,000.
Poryaspartate and polygtutatnate dispersing agents may also be used, especially in
conjunction with zeolite builders. Dispersing agents such as poryaKpartate preferably
have « molecular weight (avg.) of about 10,000.
- Any optical brighteners or other brightening or •whitening agents
known in the ait can be incorporated at levels typically from about 0.05% to about 1.2%,
by weight, into the detergent compositions herein. Commercial optical brighteners
which may be usdul in the present invention can b« classified into subgroups, which
include, but are not necessarily limited to, derivative of stilbene, pyrazoline, coumarin,
carfeoxylic acid, methinecyaninea, dibenzothiphene-S,$-dioxide, azoles, 5- and 6-
merab«r«d-ring heterocycles, and other miscellaneous agents. Examples of such
brighteners are disclosed in "The Production and Application of Fluorescent Brightening
Agents", M Zahradnik, Published by John Wiley & Sons, New York (1982).
Specific examples of optical brighteners which are useful in the present
compositions are those identified in U.S. Patent 4,790,856, issued to Wixon on
December 13, 1988. These brighteners include the PHORWHITE series of brighteners
from Verona. Other brighteners disclosed in this reference include: TinopaJ UNPA,
Tinopal CBS and Tinopal 5BM; available from Ciba-Geigy; Artie White CC and Artie
White CWD, available from Hilton-Davis, located in Italy; the 2-(4-stryl-phenyi>-2Hnapthol[
l,2-d]triazoles; 4,4-bis- (l,2,3-triazol-2-yl)-Bta- benes; 4,4M>i$($tryl)bisphenyls;
and the aminoeaumarins. Specific examples of these brighteners include 4-methyl-7-
diethyl- amtno coumarin; 1,2-bis(-venamida20l-2*yl)«thyleiie; 1,3-daphenyl-phrazolines;
2,5-bis(benzoxa2ol«2-y!)thiophene; 2-stryl-napth-[I,2-d]oxazoIe; and 2-(stilbene-4-yl)-
2H-ftaphtho- [l,2-d]triazoie. Sec alto U.S. Patent 3,646,015* issued February 29. 1972
to Hamilton. Amooic brighteners art preferred herein,
Suds Suppressors - Compounds for reducing or suppressing the formation of
suds can be incorporated into the compositions of the present invention. Suds
suppression can b« of particular importance in the jo-called "high concentration cleaning
process" as described in U.S. 4,489,455 and 4,489,574 and in front-loading Europeanstyle
washing machines.
A wide variety of materials may be used as suds suppressors, and suds
suppressors are well known to those skilled in the art. See, for example, Kirk Othroer
Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Third Edition, Volume 7, pages 430-447 (John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1979). One category of suds suppressor of particular interest
ancompasses monocarboxytio fatty acid and soluble salts therein. See U.S. Patent
2,954,347, issued September 27, 1960 to Wayne St. John. The monocarboxyfic fetty
adds and salts thereof used as sud$ suppressor typically have hydrocaibyl chains of 10 to
about 24 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Suitable salts include the
alkali metal salts such as sodium, potassium, and lithium salts, and ammonium and
aUcanolammonhim salts.
The detergent compositions herein may also contain non-surfactant suds
suppressors. These include, for example: high molecular weight hydrocarbons such as
paraffin, fatty acid esters (e.g., fatty acid triglycerides), fatty acid esters of monovalent
alcohols, aliphatic Cig-C40 ketones (e.g., stearone), eto. Other suds inhibitors include
N'ftlkylated Aminc triazines such as tri- to hexa-alkylmelamines or di- to tctraalkyldiamine
chlortriazines formed as products of cyanuric chloride with two or three
moles of a primary or secondary amine containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, propylene
oxide, and monostearyt phosphates such as monostearyl alcohol phosphate ester and
monosteaty! dt-alkali metal (e.g., K, Na, and Li) phosphates and phosphate esters. The
hydrocarbons such as paraffin and hjtloparaffin can be utilized in liquid form The liquid
hydrocarbons will be liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and will have
a pour point in the range of about -40'C and about 50°C» and a minimum boiling point
not less than about 1 10"C (atmospheric pressure). It is also known to utilize waxy
hydrocarbons, preferably having a melting point below about 100°C. The hydrocarbons
constitute a preferred category of suds suppressor for detergent compositions.
Hydrocarbon suds suppressors are described, for example, in U.S. Patent 4,265,779,
issued May 5, 1981 to Gandolfo et at. The hydrocarbons, thus, include aliphatic,
atkyctic, aromatic, and heterocyclic saturated orunsaturated hydrocarbons having from
about 12 to about 70 carbon atoms. The term "paraffin/ as used in this suds suppressor
discussion, b intended to include mixtures of true paraffins and cyclic hydrocarbons.
Another preferred category of non-surfactant suds suppressors comprises silicone
suds suppressors. This category includes the use of polyorganosiloxane oils, such as
polydjraethyisiloxane, dispersions or emulsions of polyorganosiloxane oils or resins, and
combinations of polyorganosiloxane with silica particles wherein the polyorganosiloxane
is chcmisorbed or (used onto the silica. Silicone suds suppressors are well known in the
art andhuc; for example, disclosed in U.S. Patent 4^5.779, is&uod May 5. 1981 to
Gandolfo «t at and European Patent Application No. 89307851.9, published February 7,
1990, by Starch, M, S,
Other silicone suds suppressors are disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,455,839 which
relates to compositions and processes for demaming aqueous solutions by incorporating
therein small amounts of polydimethylsiloxane fluids.
Mixtures of silicon* and silanated silica are described, for instance, in German
Patent Application DOS 2,124,526. Silicon* defoamers and suds controlling agents In
granular detergent compositions are disclosed in U.S Patent 3,933,672, Bartolotu et al,
and in U.S. Patent 4,652,392. Baginski et al, issued March 24, 1987.
An exemplary siKcone based suds suppressor for use herein is a suds suppressing
amount of a suds controlling agent consisting essentially of;
(i) palydimethylsiloxane fluid having a viscosity of from about 20 c*. to about
i.SQOcs. at25«C;
(ii) from about 5 to about 50 parts per 100 parts by weight of resin composed of (0^3)3 SiOi/2 units of SiC>2 units in a ratio of from
(CH3)3 SiOjft units and to SiO2 units of from about 0 6:1 to about 1.2:1;
and
(iii) from about 1 to about 20 parts per 100 parts by weight of (i) of a solid
Silica gel
In the preferred silicone suds suppressor used herein; the solvent for a continuous
phase is made up of certain polyethylene glycols or polyethylene-polypropylene glycol
copolymers or mixtures thereof (preferred), or polypropylene glycol The primary
silicone suds suppressor is branched/eras stinked and preferably not linear.
To illustrate this point further, typical liquid laundry detergent compositions with
controlled suds will optionally comprise from about 0.001 to about 1, preferably from
about 0.01 to about 07, most preferably from about 0,05 to about 0.5, weight % of said
silicone suds siipprewor, which comprises (1) a nonaqueous emulsion of a primary
antifoam agent which is a mixture of (a) a polyorganosiioxane, (b) a resinous sUoxane or
a silicone resin-producing silicone compound, (c) a finely divided filler material, and (d) a
catalyst to promote the reaction of mixture components (a), (b) and (c). to form
silanolates, (2) at least one nonicnic silicone surfactant; and (3) polyethylene glycol or a
copolymer of polyethylene-polypropylene glycol having a solubility in water at room
temperature of more than about 2 weight %; and without polypropylene glyool. Similar
•mounts can be used in granular compositions, gds. etc. See also U.S. Patents
4,978,4^1, Starch, issued December 1$, 1990, and 4,983,316, Starch, issued January 8,
1991,5.288,431, Huber ct al., issued February 22,1994. and U.S. Patents 4,639,489 and
4,749/740, Aizawa et al ait column 1, line 46 through column 4, line 35.
The sificone suds suppressor herein preferably comprises polyethylene glycol and
a copolymer of polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol, all having an average
molecular Weight of less than about 1,000, preferably between about 100 and 800. The
polyethylene glycol and polyethylene/polypropylene copolymera herein have 4 solubility
ia water at room temperature of more than about 2 weight %, preferably more than
about 5 weight %,
The preferred solvent herein is polyethylene glycol having an average molecular
weight of less than about 1,000, more preferably between about 100 and 800, most
preferably between 200 and 400t and a copoiymer of polyethylene glycol/polypropylene
glycol, preferably PPG 200/PEG 300, Preferred is * weight ratio of between about 1:1
and 1:10. most preferably between I;3 and 1:6, of polyethylene glycofccopoJymer of
polyethylene-polypropylene glycol.
The preferred silicons suds suppressors used herein do not contain polypropylene
glycol, particularly of 4,000 molecular weight. They also preferably do not contain block
copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylen* oxide, like PLUKONIC L101.
Other suds suppressors useful herein comprise the secondary alcohols (e.g., 2-
alkyt aUeanote) and mixture* of such alcohols with silicons oils, such as the silicones
disclowd in U.S. 4,798,679,4,075,118 and EP 150.872, The secondary alcohols include
the Cfi-Cju alkyl alcohols having a Ci-C^ chain. A preferred alcohol is 2-butyI
octanol, which it available from Condea under the trademark ISOFOL 12. Mixtures of
secondary alcohols are available under the trademark ISALCHEM 123 from Enichem.
Mixed suds suppressors typically comprise mixtures of alcohol + silicons at a weight
ratio of 1:5 to 5:1.
For any detergent compositions to be used in automatic laundry washing
machines, suds should not form to the extent that they overflow the washing machine.
Suds suppressors, when utilized, are preferably present in a "suds suppressing amount
By "suds suppressing amount" is meant that the formulator of the composition can select
an amount of this suds controlling agent that will sufficiently control the suds to result in
a low-sudsing laundry detergent for us* in automatic laundry washing machines.
—The compositions herein will generally comprise from 0% to about 5% of suds
suppressor. When utilized as cuds suppressors, monocarboxyUc fatty acids, and salts
therein, will be present typically in amounts up to about 5% by weight, of the detergent
composition Preferably, from about 0.5% to about 3% of fatty monocarboxytate suds
suppressor is utilized. Silicons suds suppressors are typically utilized in amounts up to
about 20%, by weight, of the detergent composition, although higher amounts may be
used. This upper limit is practical in nature, due primarily to concern with keeping costs
minimized and effectiveness of tower amounts for effectively controlling sudsing.
Preferably from about 0.01% to about 1% of siiicone su preferably from about 0.25% to about 0.5%, As used herein, th«e weight percentage
values include any silica that may be utilised in combination with polyorganosilaxane, as
well as any adjunct materials that may be utilized. Monostearyl phosphate suds
suppressors are generally utilised in amoums ranging from about 0. L% to about 2%, by
weight, of the composition. Hydrocarbon suds suppressors are typically utilized in
amounts ranging from about 0 01% to about 5.0%, although higher levels can be used.
The alcohol suds suppressors are typically used at 0.2%'3% by weight of the finished
compositions.
£abric Softeners - Various through-the-wash &bric softeners, especially the
impalpable smecthe clays of U.S. Patent 4,062,647, Storm andNkschl> issued December
13, 1977. as well as other softener clays known in the art. can optionally be used
typically at levels of from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight in the present
compositions to provide fabric softener benefits concurrently with febric cleaning. Clay
softeners can be used in combination with amine and cationic softeners as disclosed, for
example, in US Patent 4,375,416, Crisp et al, March 1,1983 and U.S. Patent
4,291,071, Hani* et al issued September 22, 1981.
Dyp transfer Inhibiting Agents - The compositions of the present inventioti may
also include one or more materials effective for inhibiting the transfer of dyes from one
fabric to mother during the cleaning process. Generally, such dye transfer inhibiting
agents include polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymers, poh/amine N-oxide polymers, copolymers
of N-vuiyipyrrotidone andN-vtnylimidazole, manganese phthalocyanine, peroxidases, and
mixtures thereof; If used, these agent* typically comprise from about 0.01% to ibout
10% by weight of the composition, preferably ftom about Q.01% to about 5%, and more
preferably from about 0,05% to about 2%.
More specifically, the poryaminc N-oxide polymers preferred for use herein
contaifHiittts having the following structural formula: H-A^-P; wherein P is a
potymerizable unit to which an N-O group can be attached or die fr-O group can form,
part of the polynterizabtc unit or the N-O group can be attached to both units; A is one of
the following structures: -NC(OK -C(O)O-, -S-, -O» -N-; x is 0 or 1; and R is aliphatic,
ethoxylated aliphatics, afomatics, heterocycUc or alicydic groups or any combination
thereof to which the nitrogen of the N-O group can be attached or the NO group is part
of these groups Preferred polyamine N-oxides are those wherein R, i$ ft heterocyclic
group such as pyridine, pyrrole, imidteole, pyrrolidine, ptperujine a*^ derivatives thereof
The N-O group can be represented by the following general structures:
N— (R2)y; =rN—
wherein Rj, R2, R-j arc aliphatic, aromatic, heterocycHc or alicyclic groups or
combinations thereof, x, y and z are 0 or 1 ; and ihe nitrogen of the N-O group can be
attached or form part of any of the aforementioned group*. The amine oxide unit of the
polyamjne N-oxides has a pKa Any polymer backbone can be used as long as the amine oxide polymer formed is
water-soluble and h»$ dye transfer inhibiting properties. Examples of suitable polymeric
backbones are polyvinyls, polyaJkylfenes, polyesters, polyethers, poiyawide, polyimides,
polyacrylates and mixtures thereof. These polymers include random or block copolvmers
where one monomer type is an amine N-oxidc and the other monomer type is on Noxide.
The amine N-oxide polymers typically have a ratio of amine to the amine N-oxide
of 10: 1 to 1:1 ,000,000. However, the number of amine oxide group* present in the
poryamine oxide polymer cart be varied by appropriate copolymerization or by an
appropriate degree of N-oxidation, The pofyamiiie oxides can be obtained in almost any
degree of porymerization. Typically, the average molecular weight is within the range of
500 to 1,000,000; more preferred 1,000 to 500,000; most preferred 5,000 to 100,000.
This preferred class of materials can be referred to as "PVNO".
The most preferred polyamine N-oxide useful in the detergent compositions
herein i* poly(4-vinytpyridtoe~N-oxide) which as an average molecular weight of about
50,000 and an amine to amine N-oxide ratio of about 1 :4.
Copoh/mers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole polymers (referred to as
a ciasa-aa "PVPVP) are also preferred for use herein. Preferably the PVPVT has an
average molecular weight rang* from 5,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably from 5,000 to
200,000, and most preferably from 10,000 to 20,000. (The average molecular weight
range is determined by light scattering as described in Barth, et at, gtonipal Analysis.
Vol 1 13, "Modem Method* of Polymer Characterization^, the disclosures of which are
incorporated herein by reference.) The PVPVI copolymew typically have a molar ratio
of N-vinylanidazole to N-vinylpyrrotidone from 1:1 to 0.2:1, more preferably from 0,8:1
to 0,3 I, most preferably from 0.6: 1 to 0.4: 1 . These copolymers can be either linear or
branched
The present invention compositions also may employ a. polyvinylpyrrolidone
("PVP") having an average molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 400,000,
preferably from about 5,000 to about 200,000, and more preferably from about 5,000 to
about 50,000, PVF& are known to persons skilled in the detergent field; see, for
example, EP-A-262,897 and EP-A-256,696, incorporated herein by reference.
Compositions containing PVP can also contain polyethylene glycol ("PEG") having an
average molecular weight from about 500 to about 100,000, preferably from about 1,000
to about 1 0,000. Preferably, the ratio of PEG to PVP on a ppm basis delivered in wash
solutions is from about 2: 1 to about 50:1, and more preferably from about 3:4 to about
10:1.
The detergent compositions herein may also optionally contain from about
0.005% to 5% by weight of certain types of hydrophiUc optical brighteners which also
provide a dye transfer inhibition action. If used, the compositions herein will preferably
comprise from about 0.01% to 1% by weight of such optical brighteners,
The hydrophilic optical brighteners useful in the present invention are those
having the structural formula:
wherein RI is selected from aniline. N-2-bi$.hydroxyethyl and NH-2-hydroxyethyl; Rj is
selected from N-2'bi*-hydroxyethyl, N^-hydroxyetnyl-N-methvlarnino, morphilino,
chloro and amino, and M is a salt-forming cation such as sodium or potassium.
When in the above formula, Rj is aniline, Rj is N-2-bis-hydroxyethyi and M « a
cationsuch as sodium, the brightener i5 4,4\4)is[(4-anilino-6- «-2-yl)amiiiol-2,2>-rtUbenedisulfonic acid and disodium salt This particular
brighten«r apectea is commercially marketed under the tradenanve Tinopal-UNPA-GX by
Cib»-Gtigy Corporation. Tinopai-UNPA-GX is the preferred hydrophilic optical
brightener useful in the detergent compositions herein.
"When in the above formula, Rj is anilino, R£ fo N-2rhydJraxyethyl-N-2«
methylamino and M is a cation such as sodium, the btifihttmer is 4i4'-bis[(4-an11ino~6-(N2-
hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino^
disodiurn salt. This particular brightener species is commercially marketed under the
tradename Tinopal SBM-GX by Ciba-Geigy Corporation.
When in the above formula, R[ is anilino, R2 is morphilino and M is a cation such
as sodium, the brightener is 4,4'*bis[(4-aniljno-6-morphilino-s-triazine-2-yl)ain}no]2,2tstilbenedisulfonie
acid, sodium salt. This particular brightener species is commercially
marketed under the trade-name Tinopal AMS-QX by Ciba Geigy Corporation
The specific optical brightener species selected for use in the present invention
provide especially effective dye transfer inhibition performance benefits when used in
combination with the selected polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents hereinbefore
described. The combination of such selected polymeric materials (e\g, PVNO and/or
PVPVI) with such selected optical brighteners (*.g.. Tinopal UNPA-GX, Tinopal SBMGX
and/or Tinopal AMS-GX) provides significantly better dye transfer inhibition in
aqueous, wa&h solutions than does either of these two detergent composition components
when used alone. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that such brightener?
work this way because they have high affinity for fabrics in the wash solution and
therefore deposit relatively quick on these fabrics. The extent to which brighteners
deposit on fabrics in the wash solution can be defined by a parameter called the
"exhaustion coefficient*. The exhaustion coefficient is in general as the ratio of a) the
brightener material deposited on fabric to b) the initial brightener concentration in the
wash liquor. Brighteners with relatively high exhaustion coefficients are the most
suitable for inhibiting dye transfer b the context of the present invention.
Of course, it will be appreciated that Other, conventional optical brightener types
of compounds can optionally be u«d in the present compositions to provide conventional
fabric "brightness* benefits, rather than a true dye transfer inhibiting effect Such usage is
conventional and well-known to detergent formulations,
EXAMPLEl
—~ Preparation of Ppl 18QQ E2
The athoxytotion is conducted in a 2 gallon stirred stainless steel autoclave
equipped for temperature measurement and control, pressure measurement, vacuum and
inert gas purging, sampling, and for introduction of ethjiene oxide as a liquid. A~20lb.
net cyHnder of ethyiene oxide (ARC) is set up to deliver ethylem oxide as a liquid by a
pump to tiie autoclave with the cylinder placed on a scale no that the weight change of
the cylinder could be monitored.
A 750 g portion of polyethyleneimine (PEI) (Nippon Shokubai, Epomin SP-018
having a listed average molecular weight of 1800 equating to about 0.417 moles of
polymer and 17.4 moles of nitrogen functions) i& added to the autoclave. The autoclave
is then sealed and purged of air (by applying vacuum to minus 28" Hg followed by
preasuriattion with nitrogen to 250 psia> then venting to atmospheric pressure). The
autoclave contents are heated to 130 °C while applying vacuum. After about one hour,
the autoclave is charged with nitrogen to about 230 psia while cooling the autoclave to
about 105 aC. Ethylene oxide is then added to the autoclave incrementally over time
while closeiy monitoring the autoclave pressure, temperature, and ethylcne oxide flow
rate. The ethylenc oxide pump is turned off and cooling is applied to limit any
temperature increase resulting from any reaction exotherm The temperature is
maintained between 100 and 110 "C while the total pressure is allowed to gradually
increase during the course of the reaction. After a total of 750 grams of ethylene oxide
has been charged to the autoclave (roughly equivalent to one mole ethylene oxide per
PEI nitrogen function), the temperature is increased to 110 °C and the autoclave is
allowed to stir for an additional hour. At this point, vacuum is applied to remove any
residual unre*#ed ethylene oxide.
Next, vacuum ia continuously applied while the autoclave is cooled to about 50 °
C v/hile introducing 376 g of a 25% sodium methoxide in methanol solution (1.74 moles,
to achieve a 10% catalyst loading based upon PEI nitrogen functions). The methoxide
solution i& sucked into the autoclave under vacuum and then the autoclave temperature
controller setpoint is increased to 130 °C. A device is used to monitor the power
consumed by the agitator. The agitator power is monitored along with the temperature
and pressure. Agitator power and temperature values gradually increase as. methanol is
removed from the autoclave and the viscosity of the mixture increases and stabilizes in
about 1 hour indicating that most of the methanol has been removed. The mixture is
further heated and agitated under vacuum for an additional 30 minutes.
-—Vacuum is removed and the autoclave is cooled to 105 dC while It is being
charged with nitrogen to 250 psia and then vented to ambient pressure. The autoclave is
charged to 200 psia with nitrogen. Ethylene oxide is again added to the autoclave
incrementally as before while closely monitoring the autoclave pressure, temperature,
and ethylene oxide flow rate while maintaining the temperature between 100 and 110 aC
and limiting any temperature increases due to reactic n exotherm. After the addition of
4500 g of ethylene oxide (resulting in a total of 7 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of
PEI nitrogen function) is achieved over several hours, the temperature is increased to
110 °C and the mixture stirred for an additional hour.
The reaction mixture is then collected in nitrogen purged containers and eventually
transferred into a 22 L three neck round bottomed flask equipped with heating and
agitation. The strong alkali catalyst is neutralized by adding 167 g methaneaulfonic acid
(1.74 moles) The reaction mixture is then deodorized by passing about 100 cu. ft. of
inert gas (argon or nitrogen) through a gas dispersion fiit and through the reaction
mixture while agitating and heating the mixture to 130 °C.
The final reaction product is cooled slightly and collected in glass containers
purged with nitrogen
In other preparations the neutralization and deodorization is accomplished in the
reactor before discharging the product.
EXAMPLE 2
Ouatemization of PEI 1800 E7
To a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask equipped with a magnetic stirring bar is added
poryethyleneimine having a molecular weight of 1800 which is further modified by
ethoxylation to a degree of approximately 7 ethyleneoxy residues pec nitrogen (PEI
1800, E7) (207,3 g, 0.590 mol nitrogen, prepared as in Example I) and acetoririle (120
g). Dimethyl suilale (28.3& 0.224 mol) u added in one portion to the rapidly stirring
solution, which u then stoppered and stirred at room temperature overnight. The
acetonitrile b removed by rotary evaporation at about 60°C, Mowed by further
stripping of solvent using & Kugelrohr apparatus at approximately 80oC to afford 220 g
of the desired partially quaternized material as a dark brown viscous liquid. The 13CKMK
(D2O) spectrum obtained on a sample of the reaction product indicates the
absence of a carbon resonance at -58ppm corresponding to dimethyl sulfate. The 1HNMR
(Di°) spectrum shows a partial shifting of the resonance at about 2,5 ppm for
methylenes adjacent to unquaternized nitrogen has shifted to approximately 3.0 ppm.
This is consistant with the desired quaternization of about 38% of the nitrogens.
EXAMPLES
Formation of amine oxide..of PEI 1800 E7
To a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask equipped with a magnetic stirring bar is added
polyethyleneimine having a molecular weight of 1800 and ethoxylated to a degree of
about 7 ethoxy groups per nitrogen (PEI 800, E?) (209 g, 0.595 mol nitrogen,
prepared as in Example I), and hydrogen peroxide (120 g of a 30 wt % solution in water,
1.06 mol). The flask is stoppered, and after an initial exotherm the solution U stirred at
room temperature overnight. 1H-NMR (D20) spectrum obtained on 4 sample of the
reaction mixture indicates complete conversion. The resonances ascribed to methylene
protons adjacent to unoxidized nitrogens have shifted from the original position at -2,5
ppm to -3.5 ppm. To the reaction solution is added approximately S g of 0.5% Pd on
alumina pellets, and the solution is allowed to stand at room temperature for
approximately 3 days. The solution is tested and found to be negative for peroxide by
indicator paper. The material as obtained is suitably stored as a 51 1% active solution in
water.
EXAMPLE 4
Oxidation of Ouaternized PEI1800E7
To a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask equipped with a magnetic stirring bar is added
polyethylenetmine having a molecular weight of 1800 which is further modified by
ethoxylation to a degree of 7 ethyleneoxy residues per nitrogen (PEI 1800 E7)
subsequently quaternized with dimethyl sulfate to approximately 4.7% (121.7 g, -0.32
mol oxidizeabie nitrogen), hydrogen peroxide (40 g of a SO wt% solution in water, 0.588
mot), and water (109,4 g). The flask is stoppered, and after an initial exothetm the
solution is stirred at room temperature overnight, 'H-NMR (D^O) spectrum obtained.
on a sample of the reaction mixture indicates the methylene peaks at 2.5-3.0 ppm have
shifted to -3,5 ppm. To th* reaction solution is added -S g of 0.5 % Pd on alumina
pellets, and the solution is allowed to stand at room temperature for ~3 days. The
solution is tested and found to be negative for peroxide by indicator paper. The desired
material with --4.7% of the nitrogens quaternized and -95.3% of the nitrogens oxidized
to the amine oxide is obtained and is suitably stored as a 46.5% solution in water.
Granular compositions, for example, are generally node by combining base
granule ingredients (e.g. surfectants, builders, water, etc.) as a starry, and spray drying
the resulting alurry to a low level of residual moisture (5-12%). The remaining dry
ingredients can be admixed in granular powder form with the spray dried granules, in a
rotary-fluxing drum and the liquid ingredients (e.g. enzymes, binders and perfumes) can
be sprayed onto the resulting granules to form the finished detergent composition.
Granular compositions according to the present invention can also be in "compact form",
i.e. they may have a relatively higher density than conventional granular detergents, i.e.
from 550 to 950 g/l In such case, the granular detergent compositions according to the
present invention will contain a lower amount of "inorganic filler salt", compared to
conventional granular detergents; typical filler salts are alkaline earth metal salts of
sulfate and chlorides, typically sodium sulfte; "compact" detergents typically comprise
not more than 10% filler salt.
EXAMPLES
Preparation of PEI I200 E-7
The ethoxylation is conducted in a 2 gallon stirred stainless steel autoclave
equipped for temperature measurement and control, pressure measurement, vacuum and
inert gas purging, sampling, add for introduction of ethylene oxide as a liquid A~201b
net cylinder of ethylene oxide (ARC) is set up to deliver ethylene oxide as. a liquid by a
pump to the autoclave with the cylinder placed on a scale so that the weight change of
the cylinder could be monitored.
A 750 g portion of polyethyleneimine (PEI) ( having a listed average molecular
weight of 1200 equating to about 0.625 moles of polymer and 17.4 moles of nitrogen
functions) is added to the autoclave. The autoclave is then sealed and purged of air (by
applying vacuum to minus 28" Hg followed by preasurization with nitrogen to 250 psia,
then venting to atmospheric pressure). The autoclave contents are heated to 130 °C
while applying vacuum. After about one hour, the autoclave is charged with nitrogen to
about 250 psia while cooling the autoclave to about 105 °C. Ethylene oxide is then
added to the autoclave incrementally over time while closely monitoring the autoclave
pressure, temperature, and ethylene oxide flow rate. The ethylene oxide pump is tumed
off and cooling is applied to limit any temperature increase resulting from any reaction
exotherm The temperature is maintained between 100 and 110 °C while the total
pressure is allowed to gradually increase during the course of the reaction. After a total
of 750 grams of ethylene oxide hi* been charged to the autoclave (roughly equivalent to
one mote ethylene oxide per PEI nitrogen function), the temperature is Increased to 110
°C and the autoclave is allowed to stir for an additional hour. At this point, vacuum is
applied to remove any residual unreacted ethylene oxide.
Next, vacuum is continuously applied while the autoclave is coaled to about 50 °
C while-introducing 376 g of a 25% sodium methoxide in methanol solution (1.74 moles,
to achieve a 10% catalyst loading based upon PEI nitrogen functions) The methoxide
solution is sucked rato the autoclave under vacuum and then the autoclave temperature
controller setpoint a increased to 130 'C. A device is used to monitor the power
consumed by the agitator. The agitator power is monitored along with the temperature
and presure. Agitator power and temperature values gradually increase as methsnol is
removed from the autoclave and the viscosity of the mixture increases and stabilizes in
about I hour indicating that most of the methanol has been removed The mixture is
further heated and agitated under vacuum for an additional 30 minutes.
Vacuum is removed and the autoclave is cooled to 105 °C while it is being
charged with nitrogen to 250 psia and then vented to ambient pressure. The autoclave is
charged to 200 psia with nitrogen. Ethylene oxide is again added to the autoclave
incrementally as before while closely monitoring the autoclave pressure, temperature,
and ethylene oxide flow rate while maintaining the temperature between 100 and 110 °C
and limiting any temperature increases due to reaction exotherm. After the addition of
4500 g of ethylene oxide (resulting in a total of 7 moles of ethylene oxide per mola of
PEI nitrogen function) is achieved over several hours, the temperature is increased to
110 °C and the mixture stirred for an additional hour.
The reaction mixture is then collected in nitrogen purged containers and eventually
transferred into a 22 L three neck round bottomed flask equipped with heating and
agitation. The strong alkali catalyst is neutralized by adding 167 g methanesulfonic add
(1.74 moles). The reaction mixture is then deodorized by passing about 100 cu. ft. of
inert gas (argon or nitrogen) through a gas dispersion frit and through the reaction
mixture white agitating and heating the mixture to 130 °C.
The final reaction product is cooled slightly and collected in glass containers
purged with nitrogen.
In other preparations the neutralization and doodorization is accomplished in the
reactor before discharging the product.
Other preferred examples such as PEI 1200 E15 and PEI 1200 E20 can be
prepared by the above method by adjusting the reaction time and the relative amount of
ethylene oxide used in the reaction.
EXAMPLE 6
97% Quternization of PEI 1200 B7
To 500ml erlenmeyer flask equipped with a magnetic stirring bar is added
poly(ethylemeneimine), MW 1200 ethoxylated to a degree of 7 (248.4g, 0.707 mol
nitrogen, prepared as in Example S) and acetonitrile (Baker, 200 mL) Dimethyl sulfate
(Aldrich, 848, 0.067 mol) is added all at once to the rapidly stirring solution, which is
then stoppered and stirred at room temperature overnight. The acetonitrile is evaporated
on the rotary evaporator at -60oC, followed by a Kugelrohr apparatus (Aldrich) at -80°
C to afford -220g of the desired material as a dark brown viscous liquid. A13C-NMR
{D2O) spectrum chows the absence of a peak at -58ppm corresponding to dimethyl
sulfate. A 1H-NMR (D2O) spectrum shows the partial shifting of the peak at 2.5ppm
(methylenes attached to unquatemized nitrogens) to -3 .Oppm.
TABLE I
(Table Removed)
1. C45 ethoxylated (7) alcohol as sold by Shell Oil Co.
2. As described in Example 4 hereinabove.
3. Soil release agent as disclosed in U.S. 5,415,807, Gosselink et. al, issued May 16,
1995.
Method of Use
The present invention also provides a method for laundering fabrics wherein an
improved soil removal benefit is obtained. Such a method employs contacting these
fabrics with an aqueous washing solution formed from an effective amount of the
detergent compositions hereinbefore described. Contacting of fabrics with washing
solution will generally occur under conditions of agitation.
Agitation is preferably provided in a washing machine for good cleaning.
Washing is preferably followed by drying the wet fabric in a conventional clothes dryer.
An effective amount of the detergent composition (either in liquid or granular form) in
the aqueous wash solution in the washing machine is preferably from about 500 to about
7000 ppm, more preferably from about 1000 to about 3000 ppm.
The present composition is a synergistic composition where ingredients are not
chemically reacting. The ingredients are interacting synergistically and giving
unexpected result.




We claim:
1 . A laundry composition comprising:
a) at least 0.01% by weight, of a cationic surfactant having the formula
(Formula Removed)
wherein R is C 12-C 14 alkyl and X is a water soluble anion;
b) at least 0.01% by weight, of a water-soluble or dispersible, modified polyamine
(Formula Removed)
soil release polymer comprising a polyamine backbone corresponding to the
formula:
(Formula Removed)having a modified polyamine formula V(n+1)WmYnZ or a polyamine backbone corresponding to the formula:
(Formula Removed)
having a modified polyamine formula V(n-k+l )WmYnY k Z, wherein k is less than
or equal to n, said polyamine backbone prior to modification has a molecular
weight greater than 200 daltons, wherein
i) V units are terminal units having the formula:ii) W units are backbone units having the formula: (Formula Removed)
iii) Y units are branching units having the formula:
(Formula Removed)
and;
iv) Z units are terminal units having the formula:
(Formula Removed)
wherein backbone linking R units are selected from the group consisting of C2-CI2 alkylene, C4-C12 alkenylene, C3-C12hydroxyalkylene, C4-C12 dihydroxy-alkylene, C8-C12 dialkylarylene,-(R1O)xR1-, (R1O)XR5(OR1)X-, -(CH2CH(OR1)CH2O)z(RIO)yRl(OCH2CH(OR2)CH2)w-, C(O)R4)rC(O)-, -CH2CH(()R2)CH2-, and mixtures thereof, preferably C2-C12 alkylene, C3-C12 hydroxyalkylene, C4-C12dihydroxyalkylene, C8-C12 dialkylarylene,-(RlO)xR1-, (R10)XR5(OR1)X-, -(CH2CH(OH)CH2O)z-(RlO)yR1(OCH2CH(OH)CH2)vv-,
-CH2CH(OR2)CH2-, and mixtures thereof, more preferably C2-C12 alkylene, C3-C12 hydroxyalkylene,C4-C12 dihydroxyalkylene,-(R1O)xR1-, -(R10)XR5-(OR1)X-, -(CH2CH(OH)CH2O)/(R1O)yR1-, (OCH2CH(OH)CH2)VV-, and mixtures thereof, most preferably C2-C12 alkylene, and mixtures thereof; wherein R1 is C2-C6 alkylene, preferably ethylene, and mixtures thereof; R2 is hydrogen, -(R1O)XB, and mixtures thereof, preferably hydrogen; R" is C1-C18 alkyl, C7-C12 arylalkyl, C7-C12 alkyl substituted aryl, C6-C12 aryl, and mixtures thereof, C, -C6 alkyl and mixtures thereof, more preferably methyl; R is C1-C12 alkylene, C4-CI2 alkenylene, (C8- C12 arylalkylene, C6-C10 arylene, and mixtures thereof, preferably C2-C12 alkylene, C8-C12 arylalkylene, and mixtures thereof, more preferably, ethylene, butylene, and mixtures thereof; R' is C1-C12 alkylene, C3-C12 hydroxyalkylene, C4-C12 dihydroxyalkylene, C8-C12 dialkylarylene, - C(O)-,
-C(O)NHR6-NHC(O)-, -R1(OR1)-, -C(O)(R4)r.C(O)-, -CH2CH(OH)CH2-, -CH2CH(OH)CH2O-(RlO)yRlOCH2CH(OH)CH2-, and mixtures thereof, preferably ethylene, -C(O)-, -C(O)NHR6-NHC(O>, -R'(OR')y-, -(CH2CH(OH)CH2O)2(R1O)yRl-(OCH2-CH(OH)CH2)w-, -CH2CH(OH)CH2-, and mixtures thereof, more preferably CH2CH(OH)CH2-; R6 is C2-C12 alkylene or C6-C12 arylene; H units are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, CrC22 alkyl, C1-C6 alkenyl, C7-C22 arylalkyl, C2-C22 hydroxyalkyl, -(CH2)pO2M, -(CH2)qSO3M, -CH(CH2C02M)CO2M, -(CH2)pPO3M, -(R1 O)XB, -C(O)R3, and mixtures thereof; preferably hydrogen, C3-C22 hydroxyalkyl, benzyl, CrC22 alkyl, -(R'0)XB, -C(0)R3, -(CH2)PC02-M+, -(CH2)qSO3-M+, CH(CH2CO2M)-CO2M and mixtures thereof, more preferably hydrogen, C1-C22 alkyl,-(R'O)xB, -C(O)R3, and mixtures thereof, most preferably -(R1O)XB; B is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, -(CH2)qSOM, -(CH2)p-CO2M, (CH2)q-(CHSO3M)CH2SO3M, -(CH2)q(CHSO2M)CH2-SO3M, -(CH2)pPO3M, -PO3M, and mixtures thereof, preferably hydrogen, C1--C6 alkyl, -(CH2)qSO3M, -(CH2)q(CH2SO3M), -CH2SO3M, -(CH2)q(CHS02M)CH2SO3M, and mixtures thereof, more preferably hydrogen, -(CH2)qSO3M, and mixtures thereof, most preferably hydrogen; provided at least one backbone nitrogen is quaternized or oxidized; M is hydrogen
or a water soluble cation in sufficient amount to satisfy charge balance; X is a
water soluble anion; m has the value from 4 to 400; n has the value from 0 to 200;
p has the value from 1 to 6, q has the value from 0 to 6; r has the value of 0 or 1;
w has the value 0 or 1; x has the value from 1 to 100; y has the value from 0 to
100; z has the value 0 or 1;
wherein said cationic surfactant and said modified polyamine soil dispersing
agent are present in a ratio of 0,1:1 to 10:1;
c) the balance conventional carrier and adjunct ingredients.
2. A composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the adjunct ingredients are selected
from the group consisting of builders, optical brighteners, bleaches, bleach
boosters, bleach activators, soil release polymers, dye transfer agents, dispersants,
enzymes, suds suppressers, dyes, perfumes, colorants, filler salts, hydrotropes, and
mixtures thereof such as hereinbefore described.
3. A composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein, a soil release
polymer is selected from:
A) at least 10% by weight of a substantially linear sulfonated poly-ethoxy/
propoxy end-capped ester having molecular weight ranging from 500 to ,8,000;
said ester consisting essentially of a molar basis: , :
i) from 1 to 2 moles of sulfonated poly-ethoxy/propoxy end-capping units of the formula: (MSO3)(CH2 )m(CH2CH2O)(RO)n-
wherein M is a salt-forming cation such as sodium of tertraalkylammonium, m is 0 or 1, R is ethylene, propylene, and mixtures thereof; and n is from 0 to 2; and mixtures thereof;
ii) from 0.5 to 66 moles of units selected from the group consisting of:
a) oxyethyleneoxy units;
b) a mixture of oxyethyleneoxy and oxy-1, 2,-propyleneoxy units
wherein said oxyethyleneoxy units are present in an oxyethyleneoxy of
oxy-l,2~propyleneoxy mole ratio ranging from 0.5:1 to 10:1; and
c) a mixture of a) or b) with poly(oxyethylene)oxy units have a degree of polymerization of from 2 to 4; provided that when said poly(oxyethylene)oxy units have a degree of polymerization of 2, the mole ratio of poly(oxyethylene)oxy units to total group ii) units ranges from 0:1 to 0.33:1; and when said poly(oxyethylene)oxy units have a degree of polymerization of 3; the mole ratio of poly(oxyethylene)oxy units to total group ii) units ranges from 0:1 to 0.22: 1; and when said poly(oxyethylene)oxy units have a degree of polymerization equal to 4, the mole ratio of poly(oxyethylene)oxy units to total group ii) units ranges from 0:1 to 0.14:1;
iii) from 1.5 to 40 moles of terephthaloyl units; and iv) from 0 to 26 moles of 5-sulphophthaloyl units of the formula:-(O)C(C6H3)(SO3M)C(O)-wherein M is a salt forming cation; and
B) from 0.5% to 20% by weight of ester, of one or more crystallization reducing stabilizers such as herein before described.
4. A laundry composition substantially as hereinbefore described in any of the

Documents:

1317-del-1996-abstract.pdf

1317-del-1996-claims.pdf

1317-del-1996-correspondence-others.pdf

1317-del-1996-correspondence-po.pdf

1317-del-1996-description (complete).pdf

1317-del-1996-form-1.pdf

1317-del-1996-form-2.pdf

1317-del-1996-form-3.pdf

1317-del-1996-form-4.pdf

1317-del-1996-form-6.pdf

1317-del-1996-gpa.pdf

1317-del-1996-petition-138.pdf


Patent Number 196978
Indian Patent Application Number 1317/DEL/1996
PG Journal Number 41/2007
Publication Date 12-Oct-2007
Grant Date 30-Mar-2007
Date of Filing 14-Jun-1996
Name of Patentee THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY
Applicant Address ONE PROCTER & GAMBLE PLAZA, CINCINNATI, OHIO 45202, U.S.A.
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 WATSON, RANDALL ALAN 14 PENDERY AVENUE, CINCINNATI, OHIO, 45215, U.S.A.
2 GOSSELIN, EUGENE PAUL 3754, SUSANNA DRIVE, CINCINNATI, OHIO, 45251,U.S.A.
PCT International Classification Number C11D 003/37
PCT International Application Number N/A
PCT International Filing date
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 60/016531 1996-05-03 U.S.A.